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Matrix Method-Beam
Beam Matrix derivation:
The slope- deflection equations are the basis for the displacement matrix method. Consider
typical beam segment subjected to uniformly distributed load.
Slope-Deflection Equations
2EI 3 wl 2
M ij = (2i + j − ) + (1)
l l 12
2EI 3 wl 2
M ji = (i + 2 j − ) − ( 2)
l l 12
Shear Equations
Fy = 0 Vij + V ji − wl = 0
wl 2
M j = 0 M ij + M ji + − lVij = 0
2
M ij + M ji + wl 2 2
Vij = ( 3)
l
wl 2 − M ij − M ji
2
V ji = ( 4)
l
Using equation (1) and (2), the equations (3) and (4) can be written in terms of rotations and
displacement. Thus, the four equations are as follows.
2EI 3 wl 2
M ij = (2i + j − ) + (1)
l l 12
2EI 3 wl 2
M ji = (i + 2 j − ) − ( 2)
l l 12
2EI 6 wl
Vij = 2 (3i + 3 j − ) + ( 3)
l l 2
2EI 6 wl
V ji = − 2 (3i + 3 j − ) + ( 4)
l l 2
2EI 3 ( j − i ) wl 2
M ij = 2i + j − +
l l 12
4EI 2EI 6EI 6EI wl 2
M ij = i + j − 2 j + 2 i + (1)
l l l l 12
2EI 3 ( j − i ) wl 2
M ji = i + 2 j − −
l l 12
2EI 4EI 6EI 6EI wl 2
M ji = i + j − 2 j + 2 i − ( 2)
l l l l 12
2EI 6 ( j − i ) wl
Vij = 2 3i + 3 j − +
l l 2
6EI 6EI 12EI 12EI wl
Vij = 2 i + 2 j − 3 j + 3 i + ( 3)
l l l l 2
2EI 6 ( j − i ) wl
V ji = − 3i + 3 j − −
l l 2
6EI 6EI 12EI 12EI wl
V ji = − 2 i − 2 j + 3 j − 3 i + ( 4)
l l l l 2
Now, get the shear and moment equations at joint i together and do the same for shear and moment
equations at joint j.
Example 1:
Analyse the following beam using stiffness matrix method and find the moment developed at A.
given that, E = 200GPa and I = 216 106 mm 4 .
Solution:
Step 1: beam notation
The beam here has two unconstrained degrees of freedom which are rotation at C and B and they
are coded with number 1 and 2 respectively as shown below.
The rotation at 3 and the displacement at 4,5 and 6 unknown and they are equal to zero.
3 0
D 0
Dk = 4 = , Du = 1
D5 0 2
D6 0
The beam with member load will be converted into equivalent joint load applied at joint. Figure
below shows the load on each joint of the beam
Global Stiffness
θ1 θ2 θ3 D4 D5 D6
43200 21600 0 0 16200 −16200 θ1
21600 72000 14400 7200 9000 −16200 θ 2
0 14400 28800 7200 −7200 0 θ3
K global =
0 7200 7200 2400 −2400 0 D4
16200 9000 −7200 −2400 10500 −8100 D5
−16200 −16200 0 0 −8100 8100 D6
1
m
30 43200 21600 θ1 θ1 4896
75 = 21600 72000 θ θ = 1
2 2 m
1020
Qu = k 21D u
M 3 -105 0 14400 1 M 3 -105 14.118 M 3 = 119.12 kNm
F −105 0
7200 4896
m F4
−105 7.056 F = 112.056 kN
4 + = + = 4
F5 −135 16200 9000 1 F5 −135 12.132 F5 = 147.132 kN
m
F6 −30 −16200 −16200 1020 F6 −30 −19.191 F6 = 10.809 kN