Professional Documents
Culture Documents
00 Cell PDF
00 Cell PDF
Nucleus found within the cytoplasm; separated largest organelle; made up of 3 parts: Controls all of the cells activities and Chromosomes contain genes that
from the cytoplasm by the nuclear 1. nuclear membrane = thin which proteins are made control the characteristics of an
membrane layer that surrounds the organism and pass on the traits
nucleus; contains pores to let
materials in and out
2. chromosomes = thin
threadlike structures made up
of DNA (controls cell activities
and provides the information
or “recipe” the ribosomes
need to make proteins)
3. nucleolus = makes ribosomes
(which make proteins)
Cytoplasm found inside the cell membrane but clear, thick, jellylike material; contains contains all the organelles outside of the cytoplasm is constantly moving or
outside the nucleus a large amount of water (about 70%) the nucleus “streaming” through the cell
and chemicals; may sometimes
appear to be grainy (this grainy
appearance comes from the
organelles floating in it)
Cytoskeleton found throughout the cytoplasm a web of long tubes and fibers made supports the cell and helps the cell
of protein keep its shape; also helps certain cells
move
Endoplasmic Reticulum [ER] extends from the nuclear membrane folded, tubelike membrane; Rough ER moves materials (especially proteins)
to the cell membrane; found winding has ribsomes on it; Smooth ER lacks around the cell; acts like a conveyor
throughout the ribosomes belt or passageway;
cytoplasm; rough ER is usually found is the cell’s transportation system
near the nucleus
Ribosomes most are attached to the ER (making small grainlike bodies (ribosomes are to make protein; gets instructions for ribosomes drop proteins directly into
rough ER); some float freely in NOT covered in a membrane protein production from the DNA in the ER for transport; free-floating
cytoplasm nucleus; the DNA gives the ribosomes ones make proteins for
the codes for which amino acids to that particular spot in the cell
put together to make a specific kind
of protein
Golgi Bodies found in cytoplasm stacks of flat, membrane-covered sort and modify proteins from the ER also called “Golgi apparatus” or “Golgi
sacs; looks a lot like smooth ER to do different jobs; these are then complex”
packaged in sacs (called vesicles) that
break off the end of the stack; vesicles
go to either the cell membrane for
export outside the cell (to be secreted
or “given off” by the cell) or to other
places within the cell
Mitochondria scattered throughout cytoplasm rod-shaped structures that have a release energy from the sugar called the “powerhouse” of the cell;
folded inner membrane within an (glucose) in food by combining it with cells that are more active will have
outer membrane oxygen (cell respiration); it stores this more mitochondria (ex.
energy in special energy-rich muscle cells)
molecules (called ATP) that the cell
uses to do its work
Centrosomes It is located near the nucleus of the Centrosomes are composed of two Microtubules (key components of During mitosis the centrosome aids in
cell and is known as the 'microtubule centrioles, they separate during cell cytoskeleton) are made in the dividing of the cell and moving of the
organizing center' of the cell. division and they help in the centrosome. chromosome to the opposite sides of
formation of mitotic spindle. the cell.
Centrosomes are the cytoskeleton
organizers.
Lysosomes found in cytoplasm small, round structures filled with Break down large food (sugar) sometime act like a “self-destruct”
digestive chemicals called enzymes molecules into small ones so they can device for the cell
enter the mitochondria
Digest waste products, worn out
organelles, and dead or injured cells
to make room for new cells (the cell’s
materials can be reused by other cells)
Protect the cell from foreign invaders
Vacuole found in cytoplasm Large, round, fluid-filled sac; plants storage area for food, water, wastes, when plant vacuoles are completely
have one very large vacuole; animals and other materials filled of water, the cells are plump and
have a few small the plant is firm; if it
ones loses water, the plants wilt
Peroxisomes Animals: Liver and kidney cells Peroxisomes are single membrane They help in digesting long chains of
bound organelle that contain fatty acids and amino acids and help
oxidative enzymes that are digestive in synthesis of cholesterol.
in function. They get rid of the toxic peroxides
from the cell.
Organelle (Animal Cell exclusive)
Organelle Location Description Function Other
Cilia and Flagella hair-like organelles which extend from Locomotion
the surface of many animal cells. the
structure is identical in both, except
that flagella are longer and whiplike
and cilia are shorter. There are usually
only a few flagella on a cell, while cilia
may cover the entire surface of a cell
Organelle (Plant cell exclusive)
Cell wall Outside the cell membrane rigid organelle composed of cellulose Gives the plant cell it's box-like shape
and lying just outside the cell Protects the cell.
membrane The cell wall contains pores which
allow materials to pass to and from
the cell membrane.
Plastids Plastids are found in the cytoplasm Plastids are double membrane bound It is in plastids that plants make and There are two main types:
organelles. store food. 1. Leucoplasts - colorless
organelles which store starch
or other plant nutrients.
2. Chromoplasts - contain
different colored pigments.