Child and Adolescence Development ( Ed-CAD)

1. A child who is cold towards the people around him might have failed to attain what
basic goal based on Erikson’s theory on psychological development?

A. Autonomy C. Initiative
B. Trust D. Mistrust

Answer B. According to Psychosocial Development Theory of Erikson, a child who

is cold towards people around him failed in the basic goal of “trust” in the stage
“Trust vs. Mistrust”. A child who is exhibits this kind behavior might have lacked
the warmth of mother’s embrace and affection from significant others.

2. A student knows that the examination week is approaching, but instead of studying he
chose to spend his time playing computer games. On the examination day itself, he
opted to pray for miracles rather than studying. Which attitude towards religion is
displayed?

Miracles rather than studying. Which attitude towards religion is displayed?

A. Religion as Fake
B. Religion as Magic
C. Religion as Authentic
D. Religion as Real

Answer B. The particular scenario shows the attitude of the child regarding
religion as magic. The child thought that his prayer will create miracle and will
make him pass the exam.

3. In Piaget’s concrete operational stage, a teacher should provide _________.

A. Activities for hypothesis formulation
B. Learning activities that involve problems of classification and order
C. Activities for evaluation purposes
D. Stimulating environment with ample objects to play with

Answer B.A Child in the concrete operational stage (age 7-11) needs skills in
classification and order which requires appropriate use of logic.

4. A student is finding it hard to read. When the guidance counsellor traced the child’s
history, the counsellor was able to find out that the student came from a dysfunctional
family, aside from that, the child was abused and neglected. What could have caused
the student’s reading disability?

A. Emotional factors
B. Poor teaching
C. Neurological factors
D. Immaturity

Answer A. Reading disability was found to be related with emotional factors.

Therefore, a child who is neglected and abused has a higher chance of having
difficulty gaining reading skills.
5. A child was punished for cheating in an exam for sure the child wont cheat again in
short span of time, but this does not guarantee that the child won’t cheat ever again.
Based on Thorndike’s theory on punishment and learning, this shows that
___________.

A. Punishment strengthens a response

B. Punishment removes response
C. Punishment doesn’t remove a response
D. Punishment weakens a response

Answer D. Punishment does not permanently remove a response from a child’s

repertoire of behaviour, instead it only weakens it.

6. Laughing at a two-year old child who uttered a bad word is not a proper thing to do
because in this stage of the child’s life, the child is __________.

A. Considering the views of others

B. Distinguishing sex differences
C. Socializing
D. Distinguishing right from wrong

Answer D. A two year old child is learning what is right and wrong and therefore
laughing at him when he/she utters bad words is not good practice since he/she
might consider it as an approval of his/her behaviour.

7. “Men are built not born”. This quotation by John Watson states that _________.
A. The ineffectiveness of training on a person’s development
B. The effect of environmental stimulation on a person’s development
C. The absence of genetic influence on a person’s development
D. The effect of heredity

Answer B. John Watson believes that environmental stimulation is directly

affecting a person’s development that’s why he was quoted saying “ Men are
built not born”

8. A boy is closer to his mother and a girl is close to her father . These instances are
under_______.

A. Oedipal Complex C. Phallic stage

B. Latent stage D. Pre- genital stage

Answer C. When a boy is closer to the mother (Oedipal complex) and a girl is closer
to her father (Elektra complex), these instances are under Freud’s. Phallic Stage
in the Psychosexual Development Theory.

9. A grade 1 pupil likes to play with his friend, but gets angry when defeated. Piaget’s
theory states that this pupil is under what development stage?

A. Concrete operation
B. Sensor motor
C. Formal operation
D. Pre-operation
 Answer D. Pre-operation stage according to Piaget is characterized by
geocentricism.

10. If one is asked to develop himself to the fullest. What need is he trying to satisfy
according to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A. Safety needs C. Belongingness

B. Physiological needs D. Self-actualization

Answer D . According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs ,the highest among the

need is Self Actualization, wherein the person strives to develop himself to
his full potentials.

11. Fear of something that was caused by a painful experience in the past is an example of.
A. Insight C. Operant conditioning
B. Classical conditioning D. Imitation

Answer B. Classical conditioning explains why fear of something (e.g phobic

reaction to dogs) is caused by a painful experience in the past. For example, the
person is afraid of dogs because he was ran after by a big dog when he was small.

12. A teacher rewards a child for doing things correctly. This technique is called.
A. Conditioning C. Chaining
B. Fading D. Reinforcement

Answer D. Reinforcement is any behavioral consequence that strengthens

behavior. It increases the likelihood of the recurrence of a particular type of
response.

13. Erikson said that children aged 3-5 is most likely:

A .Mischievous C. Lazy
B. Ego-centric D. Altruistic

Answer B. Children aged 3-5(Pre-operational stage according to Piaget) are

characterized by Egocentricism according to Erikson Egocentricisim denotes a
tendency of a child to only think from her or his own point of view.

14. Erikson labeled children who are two years of age as “terrible two” because
____________.
A. They are inquisitive C. They are playful
B. They are sickly D. They are assertive

Answer D. “Terrible two” according to Erikson denotes assertiveness of children at

this age and one of our skills during the “Terrible Two’s” is our ability to use the
powerful word “NO!” It may be pain for parents, but it develops important skills of
the will.

15. A person who is friendly and has a capacity to make people laugh possesses.

A. Naturalistic intelligence C. Intrapersonal intelligence

B. Spatial intelligence D. Interpersonal intelligence
Answer D. A friendly person and has a capacity to make people laugh is a
manifestations of interpersonal intelligence. Interpersonal intelligence is also
characterized by “people-orrientedness skills”

16. A child who always fight with his/her classmates, who has a very short attention span,
and who has frequent tantrums is believed to be suffering from.
A. Mental retardation
B. Downs syndrome
C. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
D. Learning disability

Answer C. ADHD(Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is characterized by

short attention span ,irritability, frequent tantrums, disregard for consequence
and overly active behaviour.

17. A student with Attention Deficit Disorder exhibits

A. Care for his/her personal things

B. Impatient while waiting for his/her turn during games
C. Completes work before shifting to another
D. Excessively quiet

Answer B. ADD or Attention Deficit Disorder is usually characterized by

impatience to wait for his/her turn during games. He would most of the time show
disregard rules and show inability to delay gratification.

18. A child treats his friends highly aggressive. The reason behind this attitude is his past
experiences with his father who is also highly aggressive. This is demonstrated on what
theory?

A. Social cognitive theory C. Operant conditioning

B. Cognitive development theory D. Classical conditioning

Answer A. The situation demonstrates the Social Cognitive Theory which posits
that a child learns from what he/she observes in the environment. Since the child
is exposed to aggression, it is not surprising that he/she exhibits the same
aggression towards classmates.

19. Based on Jung’s psychological theory, a child who is shy and prefers to be alone falls
under what classification?

A. Extrovert C. Paranoid
B. Ambivert D. Introvert

Answer D. Carl Jung outlined some personally types one of which is

“Introvert” which is exemplified by being shy and prefers to do things alone.
Extrovert is the opposite of introvert.

20. ____________puts emphasis on the importance of sensitive periods in development.

A. Ecological theory C. Psychoanalytic theory

B. Social Cognitive theory D. Ethnological theory
Answer C. Psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud emphasized the child’s critical
periods of development. He asserts that the child’s early experience in life has a
direct impact in his later development.

21. Contrary to Freud’s concept that the primary motivation of human behavior is sexual
in nature, Erikson’s is ___________in nature.

A. Social C. Physical
B. Cultural D. Biological
Answer A. Freud’s theorized that the primary motivation of human behavior is
sexual in nature while Erikson asserts that it is Social in nature. This is the reason
why Erikson called his theory as Psychosocial Theory.

22. ______________ is described by Freud as the component of personality that is

concerned with the idea of right or wrong.

A. Superego C. Id
B. Super-ego and ego D. Ego

Answer A. The superego is primarily concerned with the idea of right or wrong. It
is oftentimes viewed as “conscience” of personality. The superego is always in
direct opposition with the Id.

23. What idea about age is not right?

A. Chronological age Is different from biological and psychological age
B. Chronological age biological age, psychological and social age related
C. Psychological age and social age are two different things
D. Chronological age is the same as biological and psychological age

Answer D. Option is false

24. _____________ reflects the teachers understanding of development as results

ofmaturation and learning.

A. Patience when dealing with the slower ones

B. Creativity with the classroom strategies or task
C. Fairness when giving grades or school marks
D. Cheerfulness and enthusiasm when discussing

Answer A. When a teacher shows patience in dealing slower students like allowing
them to learn at their own pace, then he/she believes that development is a result
of maturation and learning.

25. ___________ is Erikson’s Piaget’s and Freud’s thought about play.

A. Contributes to the child’s mastery of his physical and social environment

B. Makes a child’s life so enjoyable that he will tend to hate school life later.
C. Prepares a child for an excellent academic performance in formal schooling
D. Develops in the child highly competitive attitudes because of the nature of play

Answer A. Erikson, Piaget and Freud believed that play allows the child to learn
physical skills as well as social skills. Play should not be underestimated for it
makes children aware of the dynamics of human relations at the same time gain
motor skills.

26. A student has been staring at a puzzle. He/she is figuring out how to solve it and
suddenly, an idea flashed in the student’s mind and excitedly she was able to learn how
to solve the puzzle this exemplifies_________________.

A. Metacognition C. Analytical learning

B. Insight learning D. Trial and error learning

Answer B. Insight learning is sometimes regarded as “serendipity” when an

idea suddenly strikes the mind and a solution to a problem is arrived at.

27. A teacher attempting to develop a student’s metacognitive skills teaches the student
to:
A. Recall past lesson C. Formulate hypothesis
B. Visualize D. Think about their thinking

Answer D. Metacognition teaches the students to think about their thinking. It

refers to thinking about cognition (memory. Perception , calculation , association
etc.) itself or to think/reason about one’s own thinking.

28. A teacher maximizes the cognitive development of students by having an environment

that gives multisensorial stimulation this situation, the teacher’s role is:

A. Molder of character C. Dispenser of knowledge

B. Facilitator of learning D. Evaluator of learning

Answer B. When a teacher provides a conducive environment like a multisensorial

environment where learning will take place, the teacher becomes the facilitator of
learning.

29. An adolescent exhibits what common characteristics?

A. Reasonable and secure

B. Feels intense emotions and sense of disequilibrium
C. Slow but steady physical growth
D. Passive and obedient

Answer B. A common characteristic of teenager or adolescent is the feeling of

intense emotion and sense of disequilibrium. Most psychologists believe that this
stage is “storm and stress” brought about by changing body hormones and
physical/bodily changes.

30. Instincts are under what mental dimension?

A. Ego and super-ego C. Id
B. Ego D. Super-ego

Answer C. Instincts are under the mental dimension of Id according to Freud

therefore it operates on pleasure principle.

31. A child cannot do ________ according to Piaget’s concrete operational stage.

A. Doing mentally what was just physically done
B. Reasoning applied to specific example
C. Classifying objects into different sets
D. Imagining the steps necessary to complete an algebraic equation.
 Answer D. A child in the concrete operational stage (age7-11) cannot imagine the
step necessary to complete an algebraic equation. A person has to be in the Formal
Operational stage to do this.

32. What should teachers teach students to eradicate bullying among kids in school?

A. Full development of talents C. Respects for the dignity of persons

B. Athletic skills D. Full development of physical power

Answer C. To stop bullying among kids, the teacher should conduct lessons that
teach respect and dignity of person. Through these lessons, bully children will
realize that all persons has equal right and therefore peace and harmony will be
encouraged.

33. Education is the acquisition of the art and the utilization of knowledge. This statement
means.

A. A learner’s application of what she has learned is necessary

B. A learner’s interest in art is commendable
C. A learner’s acquisition of information is sufficient
D. A learner’s acquisition of information is not important

Answer A. “Education is the acquisition of the art and the utilization of knowledge”
means that learners should apply what they have learned, otherwise it is
considered a “dead knowledge”

34. Student’s initiative is stifled by:

A. Rationalism C. “utang na loob”
B. Extreme authoritarianism D. “Bahala na”

Answer B. Extreme authoritarianism in the classroom will debunk/stop student’s

initiative and eventually will hamper their creativity as well. A teacher should
show an image of being a catalyst teacher to promote creativity of thought and
progressive ideas.

35. A piece of music may sound sad, but when each note is played, there is nothing sad
about it. This is based on the doctrine that says.

A. The whole experience is equal to the sum of its parts

B. The whole experience is more than the sum of its parts
C. The whole experience is less than the sum of its parts
D. The whole experience is not in any way to the sum of its parts

Answer D. Gestalt psychology, states that “ the whole is more than the sum of all
its parts.

36. Which among the words below does not prevent the emergence of truth which the
learners and teachers are in search of?

A. Mindset C. Open mind

B. Mask D. Defense

Answer C. An open mind allows the emergence of truth, the rest of the options does
not.

37. What a teacher should do if students are misbehaving in class?

A. Send the misbehaving pupils to the guidance counselor

B. Involve the whole class in setting rules of conduct in the whole class
C. Make a report to the parents about their children’s misbehavior
D. Set the rules for the class to observe
Answer B. If students are misbehaving one of the better ways for a teacher to do is to
involve the children in creating rules of conduct that must be observed by all. In doing so,
the children will be guided by the rules they themselves set and will develop a
sense of belongingness.

38. Teenagers stealing school equipment is becoming a common problem in community

schools. What is the implication of this incident?

A. Inability of schools to hire security guards

B. Deprivation of Filipino schools
C. Prevalence of poverty in the community
D. Community’s lacks of sense of co-ownership

Answer D. When there is lack of co-ownership in the community , some teenagers

resort to stealing school equipments because they do not feel responsible for the
safeguarding of these equipments. Schools should involve the community to
become “ partners” in the protection and development of school to avoid this.

39. What is an inappropriate method in teaching young children?

A. Individual differences are C. Isolated skill development

expected and accepted D. Positive guidance techniques
B. Integrated teaching-learning

Answer C. Isolated skill development is not ideal because skills are supposed to be
taught as integrated and holistic.

40. If a teacher believes that a child’s mind in TABULA NASA, then the teacher will most
likely engage the students in ___________ process for them to learn.

A. Sensory impressions C. Reflections

B. Reasoning D. Metacognition

Answer A. Tabula rasa or the belief that the mind is a “blank sheet” will most likely
make the teacher conduct lessons that give sensory impressions because the
teacher believes that by doing so, he/she imprints salient inputs in the student’s
mind.

41. A child received a candy after correctly completing his task. The child always tries to
complete all tasks correctly for him to have a candy once again. What is being shown
in the situation.?

A. Associative learning C. Operant conditioning

B. Classical conditioning D. Pavlonian conditioning

Answer C. Operant conditioning Theory is being shown in the situation since the
element of “reward” (candy) is emphasized.

42. If a teacher punishes a student for stealing money, the child won’t steal in the near
future, but does not guarantee that the child wont steal anymore. Based on Thorndike’s
theory , this shows that.

A. Punishment strengthens a respons

B. Punishment removes a response
C. Punishment does not remove aresponse
D. Punishment weakens a response
Answer D. Thorndike said that punishment will only weaken the response and not
permanently remove it from the child’s repertoire of behavior. According to him,
teacher can reinforce(positive or negative) to make the child respond or behave
the way we would like him/her to do so.

43. A child learns by association and by insights. The states that the association and
cognitive theories of learning are.

A. Diametrically opposed C. Partly wrong

B. Completementary D. Partly correct

Answer B. Association by insights and cognitive theories of learning are actually

complementary meaning they support each other in terms of principles and
practice.

44. Emotions role on success and happiness is highlighted by Daniel Goleman’s theory on
emotional intelligence. How can the teacher best show empathy in the case of fighting
students?

A. Reprimand the students so that others will not follow the misbehaviour
B. Tell the students to stop fighting so that there will be peace in the classroom
C. Make them realize how fighting negatively affects themselves and others.
D. Establish roles and responsibilities to avoid argument among them.

Answer C. The best way to show empathy in the case of fighting students, is to let
the students realize the negative effect of this fight to themselves and to others
and let them know that nothing good will come from it.

45. The television program BATIBOT was developed because:

A. Children learn by conditioning D. Children learn by observing and

B. Children learn by discovery imitating
C. Children learn by trial and error

Answer D. Batibot was developed because children learn fast by observation and
imitation of the things around them. This theory is supported by a lot of research
particularly by Bandura.

46. In Piaget’s concrete operational stage, a teacher should provide _____________.

A. Activities for hypothesis formulation
B. Learning activities that involve problems of classification and order
C. Activities for evaluation purposes
D. Stimulating environment with ample objects to play with

Answer B. A child in concrete operational stage(7-11) needs skills in classification

and order which requires appropriate use of logic.

47. Fear of something that was caused by painful experience in the past is an example of:

A. Insight C. Operant conditioning

B. Classical conditioning D. Imitation

Answer B. Classical conditioning explains why fear of something (e.g phobic

reaction to dogs) is caused by a painful experience in the past. For example the
person is afraid of dogs because he was run after by a big dog when he was small.

48. Erikson labelled children who are two years age “terrible two” because _____________.

A. They are inquisitive C. They are playful

B. They are sickly D. They are assertive
 Answer D. “Terrible two” according to Erikson denotes assertiveness of children
at this age and our skills during the “Terrible Two’s” is our ability to use the
powerful word “NO!” it may before parents, but it develops important skills of
the will.

49. ___________ reflects the teachers understanding of development as result of

malnutrition and learning.

A. Patience when dealing with the slower ones

B. Creativity with the classroom strategies or task
C. Fairness when giving grades or school marks
D. Cheerfulness and enthusiasm when discussing

Answer A. When a teacher shows patience in dealing slower students like allowing
them to learn at their own pace, then he/she believes that development is a result
of maturation and learning.

50. A teacher attempting to develop a student’s metacognitive skills teaches the student
to:
A. Recall past lesson
B. Visualize
C. Formulate hypothesis
D. Think about their thinking

Answer D. Metacognition teaches the student to think about their thinking.

It refers to thinking about cognition ( memory, perception , calculation
association etc.) itself or to think/reason about one/s own thinking.