Unit 4 – Earth and Space Science

Key Term Definition Link

Precipitation is a vital
component of how
Water
water moves through
cycle/hydrologi
Earth’s water cycle,
c cycle.
connecting the ocean,
Say what it is
land, and atmosphere.
and give a
simple diagram.
(The simple diagram is https://pmm.nasa.gov/education/water-cycle
1 down)
Transpiration is the
process where plants
Transpiration
absorb water through https://biologydictionary.net/transpiration/
2 the roots.
Precipitation is any
liquid or frozen water
that forms in the
atmosphere and falls
precipitation back to the Earth. It
comes in many forms,
like rain, snow. Along
with evaporation and https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/precipitation
3 condensation.
Surface runoff is water,
from rain, snowmelt, or
other sources, that
Surface run off flows over the land
surface, and is a major https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/surface_runoff.ht
component of the m
4 water cycle.
Condensation is the
change in the state of
matter from the gas
Condensation
phase to the liquid https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-
phase. It is the reverse condensation-604411
5 of vaporization.
Precipitation is any
liquid or frozen water
that forms in the
atmosphere and falls
precipitation back to the Earth. It
comes in many forms,
like rain, snow. Along
with evaporation and https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/precipitation
6 condensation.
to cause (a liquid) to
percolate pass through a porous https://www.dictionary.com/browse/percolate
7 body; filter.
the water beneath the
Ground water surface of the ground, https://www.dictionary.com/browse/groundwater
8 consisting largely of
 surface water that has
seeped down.
(the source of water in
springs and wells).
the cycle of rising and
falling of the surface of
Tides bodies of water caused
by the attraction of the https://www.yourdictionary.com/tide
9 moon and the sun.
relatively thin life-
Biosphere supporting stratum of https://www.britannica.com/science/biosphere
10 Earth’s surface.
the solid portion of the
earth (distinguished
Geosphere
from atmosphere, https://www.dictionary.com/browse/geosphere
11 hydrosphere).
Atmosphere refers to
the gases surrounding a https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-atmosphere-
Atmosphere
star or planetary body 604801
12 held in place by gravity.
the solid part of a https://www.merriam-
Lithosphere celestial body (such as webster.com/dictionary/lithosphere
13 the earth)
the water on or
surrounding the surface
of the globe, including
hydrosphere
the water of the oceans
and the water in the https://www.dictionary.com/browse/hydrosphere
14 atmosphere.
The cryosphere refers
to the areas of Earth
that are covered by ice
and snow. These are
primarily located near https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/energy-
the poles and at high government-and-defense-magazines/cryosphere
15 Cryosphere altitudes.
the region below the https://www.dictionary.com/browse/asthenosphere
16 Asthenosphere lithosphere.
a solid made up of a
bunch of different https://www.ducksters.com/science/rocks.php
17 Rock minerals.
is the geological
process in which
earthen materials are
Erosion worn away and
transported by natural https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/ero
forces such as wind or sion/
18 water.
the action of the
weather conditions in https://www.merriam-
altering the color, webster.com/dictionary/weathering
19 Weathering texture, composition, or
 form of exposed
objects.
Rocks formed by the
cooling and solidifying
of molten materials.
Igneous rock Igneous rocks can form
beneath the Earth's
surface, or at its https://www.dictionary.com/browse/igneous-rock
20 surface, as lava.
Rock that has formed
through the deposition
and solidification of
Sedimentary sediment, especially
rock sediment transported
by water (rivers, lakes,
and oceans), ice https://www.dictionary.com/browse/sedimentary-rock
21 (glaciers), and wind
any of a class of rocks
that result from the
Metamorphic alteration of preexisting
rock rocks in response to https://www.britannica.com/science/metamorphic-
changing environmental rock
22 conditions.
is the part of the earth https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/ma
Mantle between the core and ntle/
23 the crust.
the molten, liquid rock
that issues from a
Lava
volcano or volcanic https://www.dictionary.com/browse/lava
24 vent.
rock formed at or near
the Earth’s surface by
Sedimentary the accumulation and
lithification of sediment https://www.britannica.com/science/sedimentary-rock
25 (detrital rock)
a continuous process
by which rocks are
created, changed from
Rock cycle
one form to another,
destroyed, and then https://www.dictionary.com/browse/rock-cycle
26 formed again.
A mineral is an element
or chemical compound
that is normally
Mineral
crystalline and that has https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/1770-what-
been formed as a result are-minerals
27 of geological processes.
any sudden shaking of
the ground caused by
Earthquake the passage of seismic https://www.britannica.com/science/earthquake-
waves through Earth’s geology
28 rocks.
 any remains of a living
thing of a former
fossil
geologic age, as a https://www.dictionary.com/browse/fossil
29 skeleton.
molten material
beneath or within the
Magma earth's crust, from
which igneous rock is https://www.dictionary.com/browse/magma
30 formed.
Earth's core is
responsible for the https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-
Earth’s core
generation of Earth's planetary-sciences/earth-core
31 magnetic field.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/crust_(geology).h
Earth’s crust a crust is the outermost tm
32 layer of a planet.
a central sun with its
associated planets,
asteroids, meteors,
Solar system
satellites (i.e.,moons),
and comets that are http://www.extremescience.com/solar-system.htm
33 "captured" in its orbit.
1- Mercury
2- Venus
3- Earth
Name the 4- Mars
planets in the 5- Jupiter
solar system 6- Saturn
7- Uranus
8- Neptune http://www.extremescience.com/solar-system.htm
34 9- pluto
List the planets four planets closest to
in the solar the sun — Mercury, https://www.space.com/16080-solar-system-
system starting Venus, Earth and Mars planets.html
35 from the sun —
 New Moon
 Waxing Crescent
 First Quarter
 Waxing Gibbous
 Full
Phases of the
 Waning Gibbous
moon
 Third Quarter
 Waning
Crescent https://www.ducksters.com/science/phases_of_the_m
 Dark Moon oon.php
36
Draw a picture
of all the
phases of the
moon and
name each
37 phase. (Down)
 the phenomenon of
Global warming
increasing average air
temperatures near the
surface of Earth over
the past one to two http://www.extremescience.com/solar-system.htm
38 centuries.

Ozone Layer the layer of the upper

atmosphere where
most atmospheric https://www.dictionary.com/browse/ozone-layer
39 ozone is concentrated.

any of various gaseous

compounds (such as
carbon dioxide or
methane) that absorb https://www.merriam-
Greenhouse infrared radiation, trap webster.com/dictionary/greenhouse%20gas
40 Gas heat in the atmosphere.

Water cycle diagram:

Phases of the moon: