Sample Computations:

Experiment 4: Hydrostatic Pressure on Plane Surfaces

Distance between pivot and weight hanger L [mm] = 275.000 mm

d [mm] = 100.000 mm
a [mm] = 225.000 mm
b [mm] = 70.000 mm

I. PARTIAL IMMERSION

Depth of water y [mm] = 50.500 mm

Force on end surface (experimental) [N]

= Total weight on arm M [g] *Acceleration due to gravity [m/s2] *Distance between pivot and
weight hanger L [mm] /(a+d-Depth of water y [mm]/3)
= (56.000 g) * (1 kg/1000 g) * (9.810 m/s2) * (275.000 mm)/(225.000 mm + 100.000 mm –
(50.500 mm)/3)
= 0.490 N

Force on end surface (theoretical) [N]

= 0.5*Density of water [kg/m3]* Acceleration due to gravity [m/s2]*b* (Depth of water y [mm])2
= 0.5 * 1000 kg/m3 * 9.810 m/s2 * 70.000 mm * (10-3 m/ 1 mm) * [(50.500 mm) * (10-3 m/ 1
mm)]2
= 0.876 N

Depth of center of pressure [mm] = (2/3) * Depth of water y [mm]

= (2/3) * (50.500 mm)
= 33.667 mm

II. COMPLETE IMMERSION

Depth of water y [mm] = 128.500 mm

Force on end surface (experimental) [N]

= Total weight on arm M [g] *Acceleration due to gravity [m/s2] *Distance between pivot and
weight hanger L [mm] / (a+0.5*d+(1/12)*d2/Depth of center [mm])
= 300.000 g * (1 kg/ 1000 g) * 9.810 m/s2 * 275.000 mm / (225.000 mm + 0.5*100.000 mm +
(1/12)*(100 mm)2 / (128.500 mm – 0.5*100.000 mm))
= 2.834 N

Force on end surface (theoretical) [N]

= Density of water [kg/m3] * Acceleration due to gravity [m/s2] * Depth of center [mm] * b * d
= 1000 kg/m3 * 9.810 m/s2 * (128.500 mm – 0.5*100.000 mm) * 70.000 mm * 100.000 mm *
(10-3 m/ 1 mm)3
= 5.391 N
Depth of center of pressure [mm]
= Depth of water y [mm] – 0.5*d + (1/12)*d2/ Depth of center [mm]
= 128.500 mm – 0.5*100.000 mm + (1/12)*(100.000 mm)2 /(128.500 mm – 0.5*100.000 mm)
= 89.116 mm

Experiment 5: Buoyancy

Actual mass [g] = 59.400 g

Volume of water [ml] = 250.000 ml

Displaced Volume [ml] = Volume of water and rock [ml] – Volume of water [ml]
= 278.000 ml – 250.000 ml
= 28.000 ml

Density [g/ml] = Actual mass [g]/ Displaced Volume [ml]

= 59.400 g / 28.000 ml
= 2.121 g/ml

Volume of water [ml] = 250.000 ml

Volume of vinegar [ml] = 250.000 ml
Volume of water + gram mass [ml] = 255.000 ml
Volume of vinegar + gram mass [ml] = 254.500 ml
Actual mass of the gram mass [g] = 50.000 g
Apparent mass of the gram mass [g] = 45.000 g
Mass of graduated cylinder [g] = 167.000 g
Mass of graduated cylinder and vinegar [g] = 412.400 g

Volume of water displaced by gram mass [ml]

= Volume of water + gram mass [ml] - Volume of water [ml]
= 255.000 ml – 250.000 ml
= 5.000 ml

Density of gram mass [g/ml]

= Actual mass of the gram mass [g] / Volume of water displaced by gram mass [ml]
= 50.000 g / 5.000 ml
= 10.000 g/ml

Mass of vinegar [g]

= Mass of graduated cylinder and vinegar [g] - Mass of graduated cylinder [g]
= 412.400 g – 167.000 g
= 245.400 g

Volume of vinegar displaced [ml]

= Volume of vinegar + gram mass [ml] - Volume of vinegar [ml]
= 254.500 ml – 250.000 ml
= 4.500 ml
mair [g] - mapparent [g] = Density of liquid [g/ml] * Volume Displaced

Density of vinegar [g/ml] = (mair [g] - mapparent [g]) / Volume of vinegar displaced [ml]
= (50.000 g – 45.000 g)/4.500 ml
= 1.111 g/ml

Average density of vinegar [g/ml] = (d1 + d2 + d3)/3

= (1.000 g/ml + 1.000 g/ml +1.111 g/ml)/3
= 1.037 g/ml