goruli mwvane
saqarTveloSi gavrcelebul TeTryurZnian vazis
jiSebs Soris mwvane farTod cnobili saxelwodebaa. ase
magaliTad, kaxeTis raionebSi cnobilia mwvane da nabada
mwvane; qarTlSi _ goruli mwvane, mwvane, jiSiani mwvane
da lurji mwvane; mesxeTSi _ safaris mwvane; imereTSi _
okribuli mwvane; raWaSi _ mwvane; guriasa da aWaraSi _
mwvane da mwvana da SavSeT-klarjeTSi _ mwvanura.
rogorc Cans, saqarTvelos TiTqmis yvela raionSia
`mwvane~ gavrcelebuli, magram dasaxelebuli jiSebi Ta-
vianTi ampelografiuli niSnebiT da sameurneo TvisebebiT
mkveTrad gansxvavdebian, ris gamoc urTierTisagan garCe-
vis mizniT TiToeul maTgans qarTvelma mevenaxem kuTxisa
an mxaris damatebiTi saxelic ki Searqva (kaxuri mwvane,
safaris mwvane, okribuli mwvane, raWuli mwvane da sxv.).
aqve unda aRiniSnos is garemoebac, rom zemoT aRniSnul
mwvanis jiSis warmomadgenlebisaTvis samarTlianad Seur-
qmeviaT marcvlis feris amsaxveli saxeli, radgan sruli
mwifobis periodSi am jiSis vazis yurZeni, gansakuTrebiT
daCrdilul adgilebSi, ifereba muq an Ria mwvaned.
kerZod qarTlis TeTryurZnian jiSebs Sorois goruli
mwvane ZvelTaganvea cnobili, rogorc maRalxarisxovani
produqciis momcemi saRvine jiSi, ris gamoc igi am mxarisaT-
vis samarTlianadaa miCneuli ZiriTad standartul jiSad.
mevenaxeobis literaturaSi da agreTve qarTlis sx-
vadasxva raionSi igi Semdegi damatebiTi saxelwodebiT
aris cnobili: mwvane, suramula, TeTrfoTola, jiSiani
mwvane da lurji mwvane.
adgilze SemowmebiT dadasturda, rom am jiSisaT-
vis `TeTrfoTola~ SeurqmeviaT axalgazrda ylortis
nawilebisa da foTlebis qveda mxaris mkveTrad gamosax-
uli TeTri qeCisebri Sebusvis gamo. mciremosavlian da
Txelmtevnian variaciidan gamorCevis mizniT masobrivad
gavrcelebul mwvanesaTvis uwodebiaT agreTve `jiSiani
mwvane~, xolo lurji mwvanes saxelwodebis mikuTvneba
gamowveulia yurZnis sruli mwifobis periodSi (gansa-
kuTrebiT daCrdilul adgilebSi), rogorc marcvlebis,
ise foTlebis muq lurjad Sefervis gamo.
saqarTvelos zogierT mxareSi goruli mwvane sxva-
dasxva saxelwodebiT aris cnobili. ase magaliTad: xaSuris
raionSi da zemo imereTis mxareSi igi sakmaod farTod aris
gavrcelebuli, e.w. `qviSxuris~ saxelwodebiT (eWvgareSea,
rom goruli mwvane qviSxeTidan gavrcelda imereTSi).
suramisa da xaSuris midamoebSi gorul mwvanes `sura-
176 saqarTvelos ampelografia
mulasac~ eZaxian, xolo raWaSi igi `Tbiluris~ saxel-
wodebiT aris cnobili. adgilze warmoebuli dakvirve-
bebiT da gadmocemiT dasturdeba, rom es jiSi raWaSi
Setanili unda iyos raWvel mezvreTa mier, romelnic war-
sulSi farTo muSaobas eweodnen Tbilisisa da misi gareu-
bnis baR-venaxebsa da bostnebSi, saidanac es jiSi waiRes.
werilobiTi cnobebi goruli mwvanes warmoSobisa an
misi Semdgomi gavrcelebis Sesaxeb ar mogvepoveba. metad
mcireodeni cnobebi am jiSis mokle daxasiaTebiT moce-
mulia i. yanduralovis (9), v. geevski da g. Sareris (8) da
akad. iv. javaxiSvilis (5) SromebSi. dasaxelebul avtorebs
es jiSi mxolod `mwvanes~ saxeliT aqvT moxseniebuli da
rogorc maRalxarisxovani produqciis momcem jiSs, qar-
Tlis vazis jiSebs Soris, uTmoben pirvel adgils.
SedarebiT ufro dawvrilebiTi cnobebi goruli
mwvanes Sesaxeb mocemulia prof. s. ColoyaSvilis Sroma-
Si (4), romelic gorul mwvanes aTavsebs qarTlis endemur
vazis jiSTa jgufSi, iZleva mokle botanikur aRweras da
miuTiTebs mis mTavar sameurneo Tvisebebze.
goruli mwvanes vrceli monografia mocemulia sakavSiro
ampelografiis meore tomSi, igi aRwerilia doc. n. CaxnaSvi-
lis mier (11). am narkvevSi warmodgenilia jiSis botanikuri,
agrobiologiuri da sameurneo-teqnologiuri daxasiaTeba.
sokovan avadmyofobaTa da filoqseris SemoWramde
goruli mwvane qarTlis teritoriaze da gansakuTrebiT
mis centralur raionebSi farTo masivebis saxiT yofila
gavrcelebuli. vazebi sakuTar Zirze iyo warmodgenili
da formirebuli dablarad qarTuli wesiT, erT an or san-
ayofesa da samamuleze.
rogorc gadmocemiT dasturdeba, goruli mwvanes
produqcia gankuTvnili yofila ZiriTadad TeTri
xarisxovani sufris Rvinoebis dasamzadeblad. mis yurZens
dawurvisas akupaJebdnen agreTve CinurTan da am ori ji-
Sis narevs aduRebdnen Tavkveris tkbilze da WaWaze. amis
Sedegad iRebdnen istoriulad cnobil xidisTaur wiTel
Rvinos, romelic Tavisi gemuri TvisebebiT warsulSi gan-
sakuTrebul yuradRebas ipyrobda.
sokovan avadmyofobaTa da filoqseris moqmedebis Se-
degad goruli mwvanes gavrcelebis areali pirvel xanebSi
mniSvnelovnad SeizRuda, magram namyenis warmoebaze ga-
dasvlasTan dakavSirebiT jiSi kvlav aRdga da farTod
gavrcelda, gansakuTrebTi Sida qarTlis raionebSi.
1953 w. venaxebis aRweris masalebis mixedviT goruli
goruli mwvane
mwvanes farTobi Semdegnairadaa ganawilebuli (ix. cxr. 1). es sofeli q. goridan mdebareobs samxreT-dasavleTiT
cxrili 1 md. wedisuras xeobaSi, nakveTi mcired daxrilia samxreTi-
goruli mwvanes gavrceleba qarTlis raionebSi saken. vazebi damynobilia ripariaXrupestris 3309-ze da
farTobi farTobi formirebulia dablarad qarTuli wesiT. Sesadareblad
heqtarobiT heqtarobiT igi aRwerilia agreTve Tbilisis gareubnis diRmis sas-

sul farTobi

sul farTobi
wavlo meurneobis vazis sakoleqcio nakveTSi. vazebi aqac

heqtarobiT

heqtarobiT
goruli mwvane)

goruli mwvane)
raionis raionis
qviSxuri (igive

qviSxuri (igive
goruli mwvane

goruli mwvane
dasaxeleba dasaxeleba
dablaradaa warmodgenili, damynobilia berlandieriXri-
paria 5 bb-ze da formirebulia Spalerze qarTuli wesiT.
axalgazrda ylorti. kvirtebi gaSlis periodSi da-
farulia qeCisebri bususiT da gadahkravs intensiuri
xaSuris 69,93 16,66 86,59 TianeTis 0,01 - 0,01
movardisfro elferi. zrdis konusi jer kidev gauSle-
qarelis 20,31 2,35 22,66 Tbilisis 10,46 - 10,46
li foTolakebiT mTlianad dafarulia qeCisebri TeTri
goris 127,05 - 127,05 staliniris 36,64 - 36,64
bewvisebri bususiT da wverisaken gadahkravs odnav mo-
kaspis 97,63 - 97,63 leningoris 40,83 - 40,83
vardisfro Seferva. pirveli axladgaSlili foToli, ro-
mcxeTis 91,51 - 91,51 znauris 16,46 - 16,46
gorc zeda ise qveda mxridan dafarulia qeCisebri TeTri
duSeTis 65,07 - 65,07 marneulis 5,11 - 5,11
TeTri
bewvisebri bususiT, xolo napirebs gadahkravs movardis-
2,09 - 2,09 bolnisis 0,32 - 0,32
wyaros fro elferi, gansakuTrebiT qveda mxridan ZarRvebs Soris
sul 572,97 19,01 591,98 areebSi. momdevno meore da mesame norC foTlebs Sebusva
zeda mxridan mcired axasiaTebs, xolo qveda mxridan isev
amave wlis statistikuri masalebis mixedviT goruli
qeCisebradaa Sebusvili, romelTac napirebisaken emCneva
mwvanes saerTo farTobi mesxeTis raionebSi Seadgens 2,92
movardisfro elferi. xSir SemTxvevaSi meore foTols
heqtars, aqedan axalcixis raionSia 2,63 heqtari, asspinZaSi
da zogjer mesamesac zeda mxridan axasiaTebs brinjaose-
_ 0,26 heqtari, xolo adigenSi _ 0,03 heqtari.
bri Seferva. Semdgom momdevno foTlebis zeda mxridan
goruli mwvane gavrcelebulia agreTve kaxeTis, imere-
Sebusva TandaTan mcirdeba da igi ufro xSirad ZarRvebis
Tisa da raWis raionebSi. aqve mogvyavs am mxareebSi jiSis
gaswvriv rCeba mogrZo bewvebis saxiT. axalgazrda foT-
gavrcelebis farTobi heqtrobiT (ix. cxr. 2).
lis yunwi mTlianad dafarulia moTeTro-monacrisfro
cxrili 2
bewvisebri bususiT da mowiTalo elferi gadahkravs.
goruli mwvanes gavrceleba saqarTvelos danarCen raionebSi
axalgazrda ylorti momrgvaloa; fuZesTan mniS-
farTobi farTobi
heqtarobiT heqtarobiT
vnelovnad dafarulia moTeTro-monacrisfro bewvisebri
bususiT, Sebusva ufro Zlierdeba ylortis wverisaken.
sul farTobi

sul farTobi
heqtarobiT

heqtarobiT
goruli mwvane)

goruli mwvane)
qviSxuri (igive

qviSxuri (igive
goruli mwvane

goruli mwvane

raionis raionis intensiuri Sebusva axasiaTebs agreTve ylortze ganvi-

dasaxeleba dasaxeleba
Tarebul ulvaSebsa da yvaviledebsac.
erTwliani rqa. Semosuli rqa saSualo simsxosia (8-10,5
mm), sruli mwifobis periodSi igi iRebs Ria yavisfer an
gurjaanis 0,04 - 0,04 Cxaris - 4,95 4,95 moyavisfro Sefervas. mTel sigrZeze mas axasiaTebs muqi
wiTelwyaros 13,92 - 13,92 zestafonis - 2,44 2,44 moyavisfro zolebi. muxlebi ufro muqadaa Seferili.
sagarejos 0,21 - 0,21 onis - 3,87 3,87 zog SemTxvevaSi rqa mofenilia monacrisfro Txeli be-
saCxeris 0,09 95,94 96,03 ambrolauris 888 9,35 18,23
wvisebri bususiT. muxlTSorisis sigrZe aRwevs 7-16,5 sm.
orjonikiZis 0,04 2,16 2,20 cageris - 6,99 6,99
foToli. zrdadamTavrebuli foToli muqi mwvanea da
tyibulis 0,40 - 0,40 xulos 0,05 - 0,05
saSualoze didi. misi saSualo sigrZe 13,5-20,6 sm, xolo
WiaTuris - 55,95 55,95
sul 23,63 181,65 205,28
sigane 13-19,4 sm aRwevs, formiT TiTqmis momrgvaloa an
odnav ganier-ovaluri. Rrmad danakvTulia. axasiaTebs
amrigad, goruli mwvanes saerTo farTobi qviSxuris
meoradi nakvTebic.
CaTvliT saqarTvelos respublikaSi 1953 wlisaTvis Sead-
foTlis yunwis amonakveTi Ria Cangisebria, momrgva-
genda sul 800,18 heqtars. aqedan goruli mwvanes ukavia
lo an maxvili fuZiT. gvxvdeba agreTve isrisebri da Rrma
600,98 heqtari, xolo qviSxurs _ 200-mde heqtari.
TaRisebri kvadratuli formis amonakveTebic. iSviaTad
igi elipsuria miaxloebuli nakvTebiT an daxuruli odnav
gadadebuli napirebiT. amonakveTis fuZeze zog SemTx-
botanikuri aRwera vevaSi ganviTarebulia erTi ubralo kbili.

goruli mwvane aRwerilia goris raionis sof. wedisSi. zeda amonakveTi sakmaod Rrmad CaWrilia da xSirad

178 saqarTvelos ampelografia

daxurulia ganier elipsuri an kvercxisebri moyvanilo-
bis naxvretiT; zogjer ki igi viwro elifsuria. gvxvdeba
agreTve Cangisebri formis amonaveTebi paraleluri an mi-
axloebuli gverdebiT da maxvili an wamaxvilebuli fuZiT.
qveda amonakveTi sakmaod CaWrilia, zogjer ki zeda
amonakveTis msgavsad Rrmad SeWril kuTxesa qmnis. form-
iT Cangisebria, romlis fuZe maxvilia da gverdebi TiTqmis
paraleluri aqvs. meoradi nakvTebi ufro xSirad mcired
an sakmaod CaWrilia, zogjer ki umniSvnelodaa SeWrili;
iSviaT SemTxvevaSi, Cangisebria miaxloebuli nakvTebiT da
maxvili fuZiT. nakvTebis wveris kbilebi wesier samkuTxe-
disebria momrgvalebuli wveriT, an isev samkuTxedisebria
amozneqili gverdebiT da maxvili an zonjer momrgvale-
buli wveriT. meoradi kbilebi mTavar kbilebTan SedarebiT
ufro momcroa da formiT ufro xSirad wesier samkuTxe-
disebria, maxvili an odnav momrgvalebuli wveriT. iSviaT
SemTxvevaSi xerxkbila samkuTxedisebria cal gverdze
amozneqili da moxrili wveriT.
foTlis zedapiri msxvili buStisebria, zogjer ki
gluvia. bunebriv mdgomareobaSi ganieri Zabrismagvaria.
misi napirebi xSirad qvemoTaa daxrili, xolo yunwis amo-
nakveTis nakveTebi odnav zemoT aris aweuli. foToli
zeda mxridan SiSvelia, xolo qvevidan qeCisebr mofenilia
TeTri monacrisfro bewvisebri bususiT.
foTlis yunwis Sefardeba Sua mTavar ZarRvTan aRwevs
0,7-0,9; igi SiSvelia, an umniSvnelo bususi gasdevs. Ria
mwvane ferisaa odnav moyviTalo elferiT. mzis mxridan ki
xSirad axasiaTebs movardisfro elferi.
yvavili orsqesiania, normalurad ganviTarebuli but-
koTi da mtvrianebiT. mtvrianebi TiTqmis butkos tolia
an odnav grZeli. yvavilSi xSirad 5 mtvrianaa. gvxvdeba
agreTve 4 da 6, xolo iSviaTad 7 mtvrianac. naskvi mogrZo
msxlisebri moyvanilobisaa. yvaviledSi yvavilebis ricxvi
aRwevs _ 350-450 cals.
mtevani. mtevnis yunwis sigrZe 3,5-5,5 sm aRwevs yur-
Znis sruli mwifobis periodisaTvis igi TiTqmis muxlamde
xevdeba da rqis damaxasiaTebel Ria moyavisfro elfers
Rebulobs. xSir SemTxvevaSi yunwi muxlis zonaSi swor
kuTxes qmnis, rac am jiSis damaxasiaTebel Tvisebad unda
CaiTvalos.
mtevnis saerTo forma ganier-konusuria, gantotvili
da zogjer igi imdenad viTardeba rom xSirad mtevani
formasac ki kargavs. iSviaT SemTxvevaSi cilindrul-
konusuri moyvanilobisaa. agebulebiT mtevani Txelia an
sakmaod kumsi. misi saSualo sigrZe 16-19 sm, xolo sigane
12,5-14,5 sm aRwevs. didi mtevnis sigrZe 25 sm udris, xolo
sigane 16 sm.
marcvali. marcvlis yunwis sigrZe sajdomi baliSiT
aRwevs 4-6 mm, igi yavisferia. sajdomi baliSi dameWeWe-
buli da ganier-konusisebria. marcvali sajdom baliSze
sakmaod mtkiced aris mimagrebuli.
mziT uxvad ganaTebul vazebze da gansakuTrebiT mzis
mxridan, marcvali sruli mwifobis periodSi yviTel-
momwvanod aris Seferili, odnav movardisfro elferiT,
kanze iviTarebs muqi feris metad wvril wertilebs da
alag-alag damwvrisebr laqebs. vazis daCrdilul nawi-
lebSi am jiSis marcvali sruli mwifobis periodSiac muqi
mwvane feris rCeba, rac TiTqmis moumwifebeli marcvlis
STabeWdilebas tovebs. marcvali saSualo simsxosia, si-
grZiT 12-19 mm-mde, xolo siganiT 11,5-19,3 mm-mde. saSu-
alod misi sigrZe aRwevs 13,5-14,0 mm-mde, xolo sigane 13,5-
14,5 mm. formiT igi momrgvaloa an odnav ganier-ovaluri,
zogjer ovaluri; Sua welSi ufro ganieria, bolo mom-
rgvalebuli aqvs an Sebrtyelebuli da simetriulia.
marcvlis kani sakmaod sqeli da uxeSia; rbilobi sakmaod
mkvrivi da xorciania, Cveulebriv tkbili da amave dros ge-
moTi odnav momwklarto.
wipwa. marcvalSi 1-4 cali wipwaa. xSirad gvxvdeba 1 da
2, xolo iSviaTad 3-4 wipwa. wipwis saSualo sigrZe aRw-
evs 6,5-7 mm, xolo sigane 4,5-5 mm. igi Ria yavisferia, xolo
muclis mxridan RarebSi moyviTalo-momwvano ferisaa.
Rarebi kargad aris gamosaxuli, qalaZa moTavsebulia
zurgis mxaris Sua wels zemoT; igi momrgvalo an odnav
ovaluria da sakmaod gamosaxuli. niskarti moyavisfro-
Jangisebria da misi sigrZe aRwevs 2 mm-mde.
agrobiologiuri daxasiaTeba
goruli mwvanes biologiuri fazebis msvlelobaze
fenologiuri dakvirvebani warmoebda diRmis saswavlo
meurneobis vazis koleqciaSi (Tbilisis gareubani) sof.
wedisSi da xidisTavis eqsperimentul bazaze (goris r-ni).
aqve vaTavsebT biologiuri fazebis msvlelobis sami
1951, 1952 da 1958 wlis monacemebs (ix. cxr. 3).
dakvirveba cxadyofs, rom sof. wedisis midamoebSi
goruli mwvanes gaRviZeba sof. xidisTavis zonasTan Se-
darebiT ramdenime dRiT igvianebs, es bunebrivicaa, rad-
gan dasaxelebuli sofeli mTispira zonaSia moqceuli,
ris gamoc temperaturis aqtiuri moqmedeba vazze ufro
dagvianebiT iwyeba. TiTqmis amgvari gansxvavebaa Semdgomi
biologiuri fazebis msvlelobaSiac, ase, rom yurZnis
sruli mwifoba sof. wedisSi ramdenime dRiT igvianebs.
samagierod savegetacio periodis saerTo xangrZliobaSi
umniSvnelo gansxvavebaa. ase magaliTad, xidisTavisa da
wedisis zonebSi goruli mwvanes savegetacio periodis
saerTo xangrZlioba kvirtis gaSlidan foTolcvenis
srul damTavrebamde 213 dRes aRwevs. zogierT wlebSi
goris raionSi da, kerZod, atenis xeobaSi Semodgomis
naadrevi yinvebis moqmedebis Sedegad foTlebi vazs
rTvelis win cviva xolme. amgvar pirobebSi yurZeni veRar
goruli mwvane 179
 cxrili 3
goruli mwvanes savegetacio periodi damisi calkeuli fazebis msvleloba

kvirtebis gaSlis dasawyisi

temperaturis jami kvirtis

damTavrebamde gradusobiT
foTlis cvenis damTavreba
yurZnis srul simwifemde
dro kvirtebis gaSlidan

gaSlidan foTolcvenis

gaSlidan foTolcvenis
damTavrebamde (dReebi)
yurZnis sruli simwife
SeTvalebis dasawyisi
yvavilobis dasawyisi
dakvirvebis weli

dro kvirtebis
dakvirvebis warmoebis adgili

diRmis saswavlo meurneobis koleqcia

(Tbilisis gareubani) 3 wlis saSualo 22.IV 3.VI 18.VIII 5.X 167 25.XI 218 3340

sof. wedisi (goris r-ni) 25.IV 6.VI 23.VIII 12.X 170 23.XI 213 3085

sof. xidisTavi (goris r-ni) 22.IV 5.VI 22.VIII 10.X 172 20.XI 213 3244

aRwevs normalur simwifes, rac mniSvnelovnad auare- simwifes aRwevs oqtombris Sua ricxvebSi.
sebs misgan dayenebuli Rvinis xarisxs. diRmis mevenaxe- Sesadareblad mogvyavs kaxeTis pirobebSi gorul
obis zonaSi sami wlis saSualo monacemebiT aRniSnuli mwvaneze mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis institutis bazaze war-
jiSi kvirtebis gaSlas iwyebs 20-22 aprilidan, e.i. ori sami moebuli fenodakvirvebaTa monacemebi (ix. cxr. 5).
dRiT dagvianebiT, vidre xidisTavSi (goris r-ni), magram cxrili 5
siTbos matebasTan erTad Semdgomi biologiuri fazebi goruli mwvanes biologiuri fazebis msvleloba Telavis zonaSi
daCqarebiT mimdinareobs da yurZeni srul simwifes 5-6 naleqebis
oqtombrisaTvis aRwevs. jami mm-iT
kvirtebis gaSlis dasawyisi

temperaturis jami kvirtis

yurZnis srul simwifemde
dro kvirtebis gaSlidan

simwifemde gradusobiT
gaSlidan yurZnis srul
yurZnis sruli simwife
SeTvalebis dasawyisi
yvavilobis dasawyisi
goruli mwvanes biologiuri ganviTarebis fazebze

reproduq. periodSi
fenologiuri dakvirvebani 1940 w. Catarda doc. n. CaxnaS-
dakvirvebis

savegetacio
vilis mier (19) goris raionis sof. xidisTavis, staliniris

periodSi
weli
raionis sof. stalinirisa da mcxeTis raionis sof. qsovri-
sis venaxebSi. qvemoT mogvyavs am dakvirvebaTa Sedegebi
(ix. cxr. 4).
cxrili 4
goruli mwvanes biologiuri fazebis msvleloba 1945-1949 25.IV 6.VI 24.VIII 27.IX 155 3101,8 104,1 531,0
(n. CaxnaSvilis mixedviT)
rogorc me-5 cxrilis monacemebidan Cans, kaxeTis
biologiuri fazebis kvirtebis gaSlidan
pirobebSi goruli mwvanes ganviTareba ramdenime dRiT
dasawyisi yurZnis simwifemde
igvianebs, magram samagierod temperaturis momatebis
gamo Semdgom biologiuri fazebi daCqarebiT mimdinare-
yurZnis sruli simwife

dakvirvebis
yurZnis SeTvaleba

obs, rac sabooo jamSi iwvevs yurZnis naadrevad momwife-

kvirtebis gaSla

savegetacio
weli

warmoebis
yvaviloba

adgili periodis temper. jami bas. kaxeTis pirobebSi yurZeni srul simwifes masobrivad
xangrZ. gradusobiT seqtembris bolo ricxvebisaTvis aRwevs.
(dReebi)
vazis zrda da mosavlianoba. qarTlis pirobebSi gor-
uli mwvane saSualo zrdiT xasiaTdeba; gansakuTrebuli
movlisa da Rrma, Ronier, niadagur pirobebSi igi mZlavr
s. xidisTavi 1940 15.IV 8.VI 23.VIII 15.X 183 3450
zrda-ganviTarebasac ki aRwevs, TiTqmis amgvari ganvi-
s. staliniri 1940 20.IV 9.VI 24.VIII 15.X 178 3110 Tareba axasiaTebs am jiSs kaxeTSiac mevenaxeoba-meRvine-
obis sacdeli sadguris bazaze _ q. TelavSi. savegetacio
s. qsovrisi 1940 20.IV 12.VI 22.VIII 15.X 178 3370
periodis dasasrulisaTvis rqebi masobrivad sigrZiT 1,5-
rogorc warmdgenili masalebidan Cans, Sida qarTlis 2 m-mde izrdeba da yurZnis sruli mwifobis droisaTvis
teritoriaze calkeuli biologiuri fazebis dawyeba- igi 85%-mde aswrebs momwifebas, xolo foTolcvenis
damTavrebas Soris umniSvnelo gansxvavebaa. rogorc wesi damTavrebisas _ srul simwifes. am droisaTvis rqa mis
yvaviloba masobrivad iwyeba ivnisis pirvel dekadaSi, mTel sigrZeze Rebulobs jiSisaTvis damaxasiaTebel
yurZnis SeTvaleba 22-24 agvistodan, xolo yurZeni srul elfers.

180 saqarTvelos ampelografia

 saTanado movlis pirobebSi goruli mwvane mosavlis
pirvel niSnebs iZleva dargvidan mesame wels, zogjer me-
oTxe welsac. srul mosavals me-4-5 wlidan iZleva.
vazi xasiaTdeba saSualo mosavlianobiT. mosavlis
momcemia ganviTarebuli ylortebis 80% da zogjer 90%.
vazis Zveli nawilebidan ganviTarebuli ylortebis Cveu-
lebriv umosavloa.
erT rqaze masobrivad erTi mtevani viTardeba, zogjer
oric, mxolod mtevnebi am SemTxvevaSi araTanabari ganvi-
Tarebisaa. msxmoiarobis koeficienti 1,15-1,2-mde aRwevs.
erTi Ziri vazis mosavali 8-10 kvirtiT datvirTvisas sof.
xidisTavis pirobebSi (goris r-ni) aRwevs 1,5-2,0 kg, xolo
mosavali erT heqtarze (400-4500 vazis arsebobis SemTx-
vevaSi) gadaangariSebiT 80 centners udris.
mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis institutis Telavis sacdeli
sadguris bazaze (q. TelavSi) warmoebuli dakvirvebis
mixedviT goruli mwvanes msxmoiarobis koeficienti 1,48
ar aRemateba. mtevnis saSualo wona 116-130 g-mde meryeo-
bs, xolo erTi vazis saSualo mosavali (8-10 kvirtiT dat-
virTvisas) 1206 g aRwevs.
yvavilcvena da wvrilmarcvlianoba gorul mwvanes
sakmaod axasiaTebs, gansakuTrebiT araxelSemwyob amind-
Si. s. ColoyaSvilisa da n. CaxnaSvilis mixedviT (12), es
jiSi susti TviTdamtvervis unariT xasiaTdeba, ris miz-
ezadac xsenebuli avtorebi asaxeleben mtvrianebis de-
feqturobas. xelovnurad Seqmnil sakveb areSi mtvris
marcvali aligotesTan da rqawiTelTan SedarebiT dagvi-
anebiT Rivdeba da amave dros nela Caizrdeba xolme.
dakvirveba cxadyofs, rom yvavilcvenas sagrZnoblad
anelebs ylortebis wveris wawyveta, gansakuTrebiT Tu
igi tardeba yvavilobis dasawyisSi.
jiSis gamZleoba sokovan avadmyofobaTa mimarT. dak-
virveba cxadyofs, rom goruli mwvane ufro metad mgr-
Znobiarea Wraqis mimarT. am Tvisebas igi amJRavnebs TiTqmis
yvela ekologiur pirobebSi. amitom misi Sewamvla bordos
xsnariT savegetacio periodis ganmavlobaSi 4-5-jer, au-
cilebel agroRonisZiebad unda iqnes miCneuli. nacris mima-
rT jiSi SedarebiT ufro gamZlea. aris SemTxveva, rodesac
qarTlis zogierT raionSi gorul mwvanes srulebiT ar
wamloben gogirdiT, magram vazi xSirad srulebiT ara, an
metad umniSvnelod avaddeba. yovel SemTxvevaSi 1-2-jer
gogirdis Sefrqveva masobrivi yvavilobisas da marcvlis
ganviTarebis periodSi mizanSewonil RonisZiebad unda
iqnes miCneuli. yvavilobisas gogirdis Sefrqveva xels
Seuwyobs vazis ukeeT dayvavilebas.
jiSis damokidebuleba garemo pirobebisadmi. goruli
mwvanes mosavlianobaze da misgan miRebuli produqciis
Rirsebaze mkveTr gavlenas axdens niadaguri pirobebi da
adgilis eqspozicia. vake da Rrma Ronier niadagebze igi
mZlavri zrdiT da uxvi mosavlianobiT xasiaTdeba, magram
amgvar pirobebSi miRebuli produqciis Rirseba Sedar-
ebiT dabalia.
samxreTiT da samxreT-aRmosavleTiT daxril, RorRian
da kalciumis karbonatebiT sakmaod mdidar niadagebze
goruli mwvane iZleva maRali Rirsebis produqcias 23-
24% Saqris SeculobiT. amitom xarisxovani Rvinomasalis
misaRebad qarTlSi misi Semdgomi gavrceleba unda war-
moebdes zemoxsenebuli eqspoziciisa da tipis niadagebze.
gvalvis mimarT am jiSis gamZleoba ar aris sabolood
Seswavlili, miT umetes qarTlis yvela raionSi, sadac
ki goruli mwvanea gavrcelebuli. venaxebs masobrivad
rwyaven. mcireodeni masalebi mis gvalvagamZleobaze
mogvepoveba Tbilisisa da misi sagareubno zonaSi (diRomi
_ wulauri, Tbilisis md. verisxevis zona, orTaWala da
didube). aRniSnul mikroubnebSi warmoebuli dakvirvebiT
vazis zrda didad ar ferxdeba, magram samagierod uvi-
Tardeba SedarebiT momcro mtevani, uxeSi da sqelkaniani
wvrili marcvliT.
zamTris yinvebs goruli mwvane sakmaod uZlebs, miT
umetes Tu vegetatiuri nawilebi kargadaa momwifebuli.
samxreTiT an samxreT-aRmosavleTiT daxril eqspozicie-
bze da SemaRlebul adgilebze igi yinvebs itans 14-18°-
mde ise, rom kvirtebic ar ziandeba. ufro meti yinvebis
moqmedebis SemTxvevaSi mas masobrivad uziandeba kvirtebi
da rqebic ki. gansakuTrebiT yinvebis moqmedeba mkveTrad
mJRavndeba mdinareTa xeobebis pirvel terasaze. 1948/49
ww. zamTris periodSi Zlieri yinvebis Sedegad (-22-26°)
tanas xeobaSi (goris r-ni) gorula mwvanem sxva adgilo-
briv jiSebTan SedarebiT (Cinuri, qarTlis TiTa) meti gam-
Zleoba gamoamJRavna. im dros, rodesac Cinuris vazebis
erTwliani rqebi da TviT Stambi masobrivad dazianda
yinvebisagan, imave nakveTebSi goruli mwvanes mxolod
kvirtebis mcire nawili aRmoCnda dazianebuli da isic
mdinareTa sanapiro zonaSi.
jiSis specifikuri agroteqnikis sakiTxebidan aRsaniS-
navia gasxvlisa da mwvane operaciebis Catarebis sakiTxi.
dakvirvebiT dadasturebulia, rom goruli mwvane ad-
vilad egueba, rogorc grZel ise saSualo da mokle sxv-
las. vazis siZlieris Sesabamisad da maRali agroteqnikis
fonze misi datvirTva dasaSvebia 30 kvirtamde.
aucilebel saWiroebas warmoadgens yvavilobis daw-
yebis momentSi sanayofe rqaze ganviTarebuli ylortebis
wverebis wawyveta, rac xels Seuwyobs ukeT dayvavilebas
da yurZnis mosavlis mniSvnelovnad gadidebas.
sameurneo da teqnologiuri daxasiaTeba
sameurneo daniSnulebiT goruli mwvane xarisxovan
saRvine jiSTa jgufs miekuTvneba da qarTlis aborigenul
goruli mwvane 181
vazis jiSTa Soris samarTlianad uWiravs pirveli adgili. rogorc analizis monacemebidan Cans, tkbilSi Saqri-
qvemoT mogvyavs goruli mwvanes yurZnis meqanikuri ana- anobisa da mJavianobis saerTo Sefardeba SeiZleba
lizis saSualo monacemebi. saanalizo nimuSebi aRebulia CaiTvalos normalurad, odnav momJavo, magram metad
diRmis saswavlo meurneobidan, agreTve sof. xidisTavisa xalisiani TeTri sufris Rvinoebis dasamzadeblad. Sedar-
da wydisis nakveTebidan 1951, 1952 da 1953 ww. (ix. cxr. 6). ebiT Semcirebuli mJavianobiT xasiaTdeba goruli mwvanes
cxrili 6 produqcia kaxeTSi mevenaxeobisa da meRvineobis institu-
goruli mwvanes yurZnis meqanikuri analizis Sedegebi tis Telavis sacdeli sadguris bazaze (Telavi), rac eWvs
gareSea am mxaris ekologiuri pirobebis Tavivseburebe-
mtevnis Sedgeniloba %-iT
biT unda aixsnas. amis dasamtkiceblad mogvyavs sacdeli
marcvlebis raodenoba mtevanze
mtevnis saSualo wona g-iT

sadguridan miRebuli analizis Sedegebi (ix. cxr. 8).

100 marcvlis wona g-iT

100 wipwis wona g-iT

dakvirvebis weli

cxrili 8

nimuSis aRebis goruli mwvanes yurZnis tkbilis qimiuri analizis Sedegebi

marcvali

klerti

adgili wipwa

wveni
kani

nimuSis saerTo
rTveli Saqrianoba
nimuSis aRebis adgili aRebis mJavianoba
TariRi %-iT
weli ‰-iT

mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis 1947 4.X 21,2 9,1

institutis Telavis
s. xidisTavi 195,5 97 96,0 3,45 16,6 3,20 76,8 172 6,5 sacdeli sadguris 1948 29.IX 21,5 7,86
sof. wedisi eqsperimentaluri baza
126 67 96,5 3,13 17,1 3,19 77,2 181 6,8 1949 10.X 18,5 6,6
(Telavis r-ni)
3 wlis saSualo

(goris r-ni)
diRmis goruli mwvanesagan damzadebul sufris Rvinisa da
saswavlo
saSampanure Rvinomasalis xarisxis dasadgenad Catarebu-
meurneobis
168 73 96,2 3,6 16,8 3,28 76,0 186 6,1 li iqna qimiuri analizi 1952 wlis mosavlis Rvinomasalaze,
koleqcia
(Tbilisis aqve mogvyavs am analizis Sedegebi (ix. cxr. 9).
gareubani)
rogorc analizis Sedegebidan Cans, goruli mwvanes
didi mtevnis wona 240 g. xolo mcire mtevnisa 72 g aR- pirveli nimuSi Tavisi qimiuri SedgenilobiT tipiur
wevs, saSualo wona meryeobs 126-dan 196,5 g-mde. saSualo sufris Rvinos warmoadgens, radgan masSi mocemulia
mtevanze marcvlebis raodenoba meryeobs 66-67-mde, did xarisxovani sufris RvinisaTvis damaxasiaTebel element-
mtevanze ki 170-mde aRwevs. Ta normaluri procentuli Sedgeniloba. ase magaliTad,
goruli mwvanes saSualo mtevanSi _ marcvali 96-96,5% igi Seicavs 11,8%-mde alkohols, 8,9‰-mde saerTo mJavia-
Seadgens; klerti 3,13-3,45%, kani 16,5-17,1%, wipwa 3,19-3,28‰, nobiT; mqrolavi mJavianobis simcire (0,58) Rvinis sisaRis
xolo wvenis gamosavali 76,8-77,2% udris. amrigad igi damadasturebelia; amave dros Rvino sakmao sxeuliT xa-
wvenis gamosavlianobiT savsebiT akmayofilebs saRvine siaTdeba, rasac adasturebs eqstraqtis raodenoba (24,
jiSisadmi wayenebul moTxovnas. 70). daWaSnikebis Sedegad Rvinom Semdegi Sefaseba miiRo:
100 marcvlis wona meryeobs 172-dan 186 g-mde. 100 Ria moCalisfro, nazi sakmao sxeuliani, harmoniuli, evro-
marcvalSi 165-175 wipwaa. 100 wipwis wona aRwevs 6,5-6,8 g. puli sufris RvinisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli sasiamovno ge-
erTwipwiani marcvlebi Seadgens 75%; orwipwiani 20%; sam- muri TvisebebiT.
wipwiani 4% da oTxwipwiani 1%. amave adgilebidan aRebuli meore nimuSi Tavisi SedgenilobiT akmayofilebs saSampa-
yurZnis nimuSebis tkbilis qimiuri analizi Semdeg suraTs nure Rvinomasalisadmi wayenebul moTxovnas da igi am daniS-
iZleva (ix. cxr. 7). cxrili 7 nulebiT warmatebiT SeiZleba iqnes gamoyenebuli; magram
goruli mwvanes yurZnis tkbilis qimiuri analizis Sedegebi goruli mwvanes wminda nargavebis ara masobrivi gavrcelebis
gamo, mis produqcias akupaJeben xolme umTavresad CinurTan
saerTo
rTvelis xvedriTi Saqrianoba da kupaJqmnili masala amJamad warmatebiT aris gamoyenebuli
nimuSis aRebis adgili mJavianoba
TariRi wona %-iT
‰-iT qarTuli Sampanuri Rvinis dasamzadeblad.
diRmis saswavlo goruli mwvanes produqcia meRvineobis TvalsazrisiT
meurneobis koleqcia 5.X 1,100 21,6 10,0
Seswavlilia agreTve prof. g. beriZis mier (7). dasax-
(Tbilisis gareubani)
elebuli avtoris mier warmoebda Rvinis qimiuri bunebis
sof. wedisi (goris r-ni) 12.X 1,990 22,5 9,1
Seswavla da gemuri Tvisebebis gamokvleva Sida qarTlis
mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis
institutis xidisTavis
umTavres mikroraionebidan da mesxeTis zogierT iadg-
10.X 1,987 21,8 9,8
eqsperimentaluri baza ilebidan miRebul Rvinomasalebze.
(goris r-ni)
qvemoT mogvyavs am analizis Sedegebi (ix. cxr. 10).

182 saqarTvelos ampelografia

 cxrili 9
goruli mwvanes sufris Rvinisa da saSampanure Rvinomasalis qimiuri analizis Sedegebi

100 sm3 Rvino Seicavs g-iT

nimuSis aRebis weli

Rvinis mimarTuleba

rTvelis TariRi

alkoholi %-iT

mqrolavi mJavianoba
xvedriTi wona

saerTo mJavianoba

aldegidebi

eqstraqti

glicerini
nimuSis aRebis adgili

Saqari
tanini
PH
mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis institutis sufris Rvino 16.X 0,91 11,8 8,9 0,58 0,910 3,05 24.70 0,26 0,75 7,54
xidisTavis eqsperimentaluri baza 1952 saSampanure
(goris r-ni) 5.X 10,1 9,7 0,61 0,902 1 8,71 0,15 1 5,95
Rvinomasala

cxrili 10
goruli mwvanes Rvinis qimiuri Sedgeniloba da gemuri Sefaseba

100 sm3 Rvino Seicavs g-iT

gemuri Sefaseba 10
alkoholi %-iT
xvedriTi wona

nimuSis aRebis

niS. sistemiT
adgili
eqstraqti

glicerini
mJavianoba

mJavianoba
mqrolavi

daWaSnikebis Sedegi
saerTo

nacari

Saqari

tanini

Calisferi, mcire apolestenciiT, xalisiani,

s. kvernaki 0,9923 12,97 6,1 0,72 25,100 2,88 1,88 0,58 7,83 7,0
xarisxovani sufris Rvino.
mcire apolestenciiT, ZarRviani, harmoniuli
s. patara mejvrisxevi 0,9916 11,50 5,4 0,4 18,98 2,0 0,53 0,86 7,3 6,9
sufris Rvino
Ria Calisferi, mcire simwariT, xalisiani sufris
s. xidisTavi 0,9942 12,05 6.67 0,65 25,6 2,6 0,93 0,31 6,49 6,5
Rvino.
Calisferi, xalisiani simJaviT harmoniuli
s. araSenda 0,9944 12,4 8,7 0,52 27,1 2,91 0,7 0,32 6,8 7,4
TvisebebiT.
Calisferi nazi, odnav dune, naklebad moCans
s. meqvabianTubani 0,9921 11,0 5,7 0,59 17,3 1,76 0,41 0,21 - 6,8
jiSuri Tvisebebi.
Calisferi, dawmendili, energia odnav moCans,
s. vaziani (dampali) 0,9915 11,86 6,0 0,95 18,1 1,39 0,64 0,39 5,6 7,5
harmoniuli
qarvisferi, Sinaarsiani, gemuri TvisebebiT. kargi
s. mWadisjvari 0,9973 10,5 5,76 0,92 21,0 1,45 0,6 0,25 6,1 7,0
sufris Rvino
Calisferi, momwvano elferiT, xalisiani mJaviani,
s. gurkeli 0,9959 11,5 8,14 0,57 28,4 3,1 0,48 0,28 7,1 7,2
harmoniuli
qarvisferi, harmoniuli, xarisxovani sufris
s. qvemo xvedureTi 0,9940 12,0 9,37 0,77 30,64 1,92 9,5 0,68 4,99\ 7,6
Rvino.
Calisferi,, sxeuliani, harmoniuli, jiSuri
s. tkoca 0,9916 13,5 6,65 0,34 25,32 1,64 6,69 0,66 3,64 7,4
aromatiT.
Calisferi, dawmendili, xarisxovani masala
s. dvao 0,9900 12,5 5,89 0,89 18,96 1,24 0,56 7,6
sufris evropuli Rvinis dasamzadeblad.

qarTlis meRvineobis ZiriTad raionebSi, rogorc es jvrisxevi, xidisTavi, ateni. momdevno adgili eTmoba kaspis
analizis Sedegebidan Cans, goruli mwvanis Rvino ener- raions _ xandakis, zemo xandakis, qvemoWalis, kodiswya-
giiT xasiaTdeba. ase, magaliTad, goruli mwvanes Rvinoebi ros da kaspis mikroubnebiT. dasaxelebul mikroubnebSi
mejvrisxevis, xidisTavis, vazianis, mWadisjvrisa da sxva saSampanure vazis jiSTa Soris gorul mwvanes sapatio
adgilebidan, axali markis sufris Rvinis Seqmnis farTo adgili uWiravs, rogorc sakupaJe Rvinomasalis momcem
SesaZleblobas iZleva. jiSs xarisxovani Sampanuri Rvinis dasamzadeblad. goruli
Sampanuri mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis warmoebis Tvals- mwvanedan damzadebulma mza Sampanuris nimuSebma 1951 w.
azrisiT qarTlis raionebidan pirveli adgili ekuTvnis ianvarSi Catarebul degustaciaze `maRaraCis~ saqarTve-
goris raions masSi Semavali Semdegi mikroraionebiT: me- los filialSi maRali Sefaseba miiRo; 10 niSniani balidan

goruli mwvane 183

yvela nimuSma 9-9,3 niSani miiRo. aqve aRsaniSnavia is gare-
moebac, rom goruli mwvanesa da Cinuris kupaJi Sampanuri-
saTvis gacilebiT maRalxarisxovani aRmoCnda, vidre am
jiSebidan cal-calke damzadebuli, rasac qarTuli Sampa-
nuris damzadebisas unda mieqces jerovani yuradReba.
dakvirvebani goruli mwvanes Rvinis Senaxvis unarze ar
mogvepoveba, vinaidan igi warmoebaSi narevis saxiT mzad-
deboda da dResac mzaddeba, magram misi organolepti-
kuri Tvisebebi migviTiTebs Rvinis Senaxvis karg unarze da
transportabelobaze. saTanado masalebidan irkveva, rom
qarTlis Zveli memamule bagration-muxraneli Tavis mam-
ulSi (s. muxranSi) Rvinos ZiriTadad goruli mwvanesagan
amzadebda da es Rvino ganTqmuli iyo ruseTis farglebs
gareTac, romelsac araerTxel miuRia maRali Sefaseba
da jildo parizisa da novgorodis gamofenaze, yurZeni
Tavisi organoleptikuri TvisebiT saRvinea. igi sasufred
ar gamodgeba, radgan marcvals axasiaTebs sqeli, uxeSi
kani da odnav momwklarto gemo.
yurZeni sazamTrod ar inaxeba arc vazze da arc
dakrefili. gorul mwvanes ramdenime variacia axasiaTebs,
romelTagan aRsaniSnavia e.w. muxa mwvane. doc. n. CaxnaSvi-
lis dakvirvebiT es variacia gorul mwvanesTan SedarebiT
naklebi zrdiT xasiaTdeba, isxams ufro momcro zomis
mtevnebs, marcvalic wvrili aqvs da saerTo mosavliano-
biTac CamorCeba gorul mwvanes. amis gamo igi ar CaiTvleba
perspeqtiul variaciad.
saerTo Sefaseba da daraioneba
qarTlis centraluri raionebisaTvis goruli mwvane
ZiriTad jiSs warmoadgens. dasaxelebul mxareSi misi
literatura
1. kecxoveli n. kulturul mcenareTa zonebi saqarTvelo-
Si. Tbilisi, 1957.
2. ramiSvili m. mevenaxeobis ganviTarebisaTvis mesxeTSi.
sas. sam. institutis Sromebi, t. XIX, Tbilisi, 1943.
3. tabiZe d. saqarTvelos vazis jiSebi. Tbilisi, 1954.
4. ColoyaSvili s. mevenaxeobis saxelmZRvanelo, wigni II,
`ampelografia~, Tbilisi, 1938.
5. javaxiSvili iv. saqarTvelos ekonomiuri istoria, wigni
II, Tbilisi, 1934.
6. Абесадзе К., Макаревская Е. Цхакая К. Зависимость раз�
личной степени филлоксероустойчивости распростра�
ненных грузинских сортов виноградной лозы от раз�
личия анатомической структуры их корневой системы.
вып. VIII, Тифлис, 1930.
7. Беридзе Г. Технология и экономическая характеристика вин
184 saqarTvelos ampelografia
produqcia rogorc amJamad, ise momavalSiac gankuTvnili
unda iqnes ZiriTadad xarisxovani evropuli tipis sufris
Rvinis dasamzadeblad, xolo zogierT raionSi (gansa-
kuTrebiT mTispira zonaSi) igi warmatebiT SeiZleba iqnes
gamoyenebuli, rogorc sakupaJe masala xarisxovani Sampa-
nuri Rvinis dasamzadeblad. amitom qarTlis centralur
raionebSi mevenaxeobis Semdgom ganviTarebas safuZvlad
unda daedos goruli mwvanes gavrceleba namyenebis saxiT
saTanadod SerCeul filoqsergamZle saZireze damynobiT.
es jiSi farTod unda gavrceldes qarTlis ZiriTadi
raionebis yvela mikroubanSi, sadac ki mevenaxeoba wamy-
vania. amave dros am mxareSi gavrcelebul vazis pirdapir
mwarmoebelTa adgili am jiSma unda daikavos, rac uz-
runvelyofs mosaxleobas xarisxovani yurZnis produqci-
iT, rogorc sufris Rvinis, ise saSampanure Rvinomasalis
dasamzadeblad.
rogorc dakvirveba cxadyofs goruli mwvane war-
matebiT SeiZleba dainergos agreTve mesxeTSi, gansa-
kuTrebiT axalcixisa da aspinZis raionebSi, agreTve Sua
da zemo imereTis raionebSi (zestafoni, saCxere). aRniS-
nul raionebSi amJamad arsebuli am jiSis nargaoba ro-
gorc kargi zrda-ganviTarebiT, ise produqciis maRali
RirsebiT xasiaTdeba. amitom aucilebelia, raTa mTavari
yuradReba mieqces gasamravlebeli sakvirte masalis Ser-
Cevas. dadasturebulia, rom mosavlian goruli mwvanis
nargaobaSi xSirad gvxvdeba cruyvavila da mciremosav-
liani variaciebi, romelnic mosaxleobaSi cnobilia
(`ujiSos~), `avfexis~ da sxva saxelwodebiT. sakvirte
masalis SerCevisas swored am mdgomareobas unda gaewios
angariSi da goruli mwvanes gasamravleblad masala aRe-
bul unda iqnes mxolod winaswar seleqciuri da maRal-
mosavliani vazebidan.
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