ELECTROMAGNETISM

PART I : INTRODUCTION

EN212200 ELECTRICAL MACHINES I

อาจารย์วรายุทธ คัมภีราวัฒน์
ภาควิชาวิศวกรรมไฟฟ้ า คณะวิศวกรรมศาสตร์
มหาวิทยาลัยขอนแก่ น
1
 Contents

- Introduction to Electromagnetism
- B-H relations
- i-H relations

2
 NOMENCLATURES
SYMBOL DEFINITION UNIT (SI)
A area m2
 magnetic flux Wb (Weber)
B magnetic flux density Wb/m2 ,Tesla
H magnetic field intensity A/m
 permeability H/m (Henry/m)
F magnetomotive force, mmf At (ampere-turn)
R reluctance At/Wb
N number of turns Turns, t

3
 Introduction to Electromagnetism
Magnet

INTRODUCTION 4
 Magnetic Field

Magnetic Field Lines and Direction

INTRODUCTION 5
 Magnetic Field of the Earth

INTRODUCTION 6
 Magnetic Field of Current

INTRODUCTION 7
 Electromagnet

Solenoid Solenoid
(air core) (iron core)

INTRODUCTION 8
 Magnetic Quantities
1) magnetic flux ( ) : Wb (Weber)
= The group of magnetic field lines (1 Wb = 108 lines)

2) magnetic flux density (B) : Wb/m2, T

= The amount of  per unit area of a section

B
A
3) magnetic field intensity (H) : At (ampere-turn)
(magnetic field strength)
= The intensity of field per unit length of a loop

INTRODUCTION 9
10
11
 Permeability
Permeability (µ) = the ability of a material to
concentrate magnetic lines of flux.

µ of free space : 0  4 10 H/m

7

µ of any material:    r 0

Relative Permeability : r 
0

INTRODUCTION 12
 Magnetic Materials
Magnetic materials = materials that can be either
attracted or repelled by a magnet and can be
magnetized themselves => iron , steel (Fe+C)

A permanent magnet = a very hard magnetic material,

such as cobalt steel, that retains its magnetism for long
periods of time when the magnetizing field is removed.
A temporary magnet = a material that will not retain
its magnetism when the field is removed.

INTRODUCTION 13
 Magnetic Materials
Ferromagnetic : r  1
EX. Fe, Ni, Co, Alloy
Ferrite*(Ceramics)
Paramagnetic : r  1.00  1.01
EX. Al, Pt, Mn, Cr
Diamagnetic : r  1
EX. Bi, Sb, Zn, Hg
Cu, Ag, Au

INTRODUCTION 14
 B-H relation
B  H
   r 0 0  4  10 H/m
7

Air or Free space Ferromagnetic Materials

B-H RELATIONS 15
16
 Magnetization Curve

B-H RELATIONS 17
 i-H relations

i-H RELATIONS 18
 i-H relations
 
Ampere’s law :  B.dl  0i
 
 H .dl  i

 
 H .dl   i

i-H RELATIONS 19
 ถ้าเลือกเส้นทางปิ ดเป็ นวงกลมรัศมี r
 
 H .dl  i
 Hdl cos  i

ค่า H ทีระยะห่างจากตัวนําเป็ น i
H
ระยะ r เนืองจากกระแส i 2 r

i-H RELATIONS 20
  
 H .dl  i???

i-H RELATIONS 21