MEASURES OF

POSITION
F O U R T H Q U A R T E R - S TAT I S T I C S
OBJECTIVES
•Define measures of position
•Illustrate the following measures of
position:
–Quartiles
–Deciles
–Percentiles
NUMERICAL INFORMATION MAY BE
CLASSIFIED AS:

•Ungrouped data
•Grouped data
MEASURES OF POSITION/QUANTILES

- are techniques that divide a

set of data into equal groups
Fractiles are numbers that partition or
divide an ordered data set into equal parts.
MEASURES OF POSITION/QUANTILES
•Used to describe the position
of a data value in relation to
the rest of the data.
Types:
1. Quartiles
2. Percentiles
3. Deciles
QUANTILES CAN BE APPLIED WHEN:
•Dealing with large amount of data, which
includes the timely results for standardized
tests in schools, etc.
•Trying to discover the smallest as well as the
largest values in a given distribution.
•Examining financial fields for academic as well
as statistical studies.
 MEASURES OF
POSITION FOR
UNGROUPED DATA
Q UA RT I L E , D E C I L E A N D P E R C E N T I L E
QUARTILE
U N G R O U P E D D ATA B Y I N S P E C T I O N
QUARTILE FOR UNGROUPED DATA

•The quartiles are the score points

which divide a distribution into
four equal parts.
Quartiles
Quartiles
Q1 , Q 2, Q 3
Quartiles
Q 1, Q 2, Q 3
divides ranked scores into four equal parts
Quartiles
Q 1, Q 2, Q 3
divides ranked scores into four equal parts
25% 25% 25% 25%

Q1 Q 2 Q3
Q1 – LOWER QUARTILE

At most, 25% of data is smaller than

Q1.
It divides the lower half of a data
set in half.
Q2 – MIDDLE QUARTILE

•The median divides the data set in

half.
•50% of the data values fall below
the median and 50% fall above.
Q3 – UPPER QUARTILE

•At most, 25% of data is larger than

Q3.
•It divides the upper half of the
data set in half.
 Q1 Q2 Q3

25% 25% 25% 25%

EXAMPLE……
A group of students obtained the
following scores in their statistics
quiz:
8, 2, 5, 4, 8, 5, 7, 1, 3, 6, 9
(LM Activity 4, #2)
First, arrange the scores in ascending order:
1, 2, 3 3, 4, 5, 55, 6, 7, 8 8, 8, 9

Q1 Q2 Q3
Lower Middle Upper
Quartile Quartile Quartile

Observe how the lower quartile (Q1), middle quartile

(Q2), and upper quartile (Q3) of the scores are
obtained. Complete the statements below:
The first quartile 3 is obtained by ______________.
Middle Quartile (observe the position of 3 from 1 to 5).
is also the The second quartile 5 is obtained by ____________.
MEDIAN (observe the position of 5 from 1 to 9).
__________
The third quartile 8 is obtained by ______________.
(observe the position of 8 from 6 to 9).
EXAMPLE……
The scores of 10 students in a
Mathematics seatwork are:
7, 4, 8, 9, 3, 6, 7, 4, 5, 8
(LM Activity 4, #3)
 First, arrange the scores in ascending order:
3 , 4 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 7 , 8 , 8 , 9

Q1 Q2 Q3
Lower 𝟔+𝟕 Upper
= 6.5 Quartile
Quartile 𝟐

Discuss with your group mates:

a. Your observations about the quartile.
b. How each value was obtained.
c. Your generalizations regarding your observations.
 EXAMPLE……
1. The owner of a coffee shop recorded the
number of customers who came into his
café each hour in a day. The results were 14,
10, 12, 9 17, 5, 8, 9 10 , and 11. Find the
lower quartiles and upper quartile of the
data.
2. Find Q1, Q2, and Q3.
12 , 9 , 24 , 3 , 13 , 20 , 17 , 11
QUARTILE
U N G R O U P E D D ATA B Y M E N D E N H A L L
AND SINCICH METHOD
MENDENHALL AND SINCICH METHOD :
A METHOD OF FINDING THE QUARTILE VALUE

• This method is being developed by William Mendenhall and Terry

Sincich to find the position of the quartile in the given data.
MENDENHALL AND SINCICH METHOD :
A METHOD OF FINDING THE QUARTILE VALUE

• Formula:
Lower Quartile (L) = Position of Q1= ¼ (n+1)
Q2= 2(n+1) = n+1 th observation
4 2
Upper Quartile (U) = Position of Q3 = ¾ (n+1)
MENDENHALL AND SINCICH METHOD :
A METHOD OF FINDING THE QUARTILE VALUE

• N is the number of elements in the data

Example:The manager of a food chain recorded the number of
customers who came to eat the products in each day. The results
were 10,15,14,13,20,19,12 and 11.
• In this example N=8
MENDENHALL AND SINCICH METHOD
A METHOD OF FINDING THE QUARTILE VALUE

1. CALCULATE THE POSITION OF THE LOWER QUARTILE

1
Lower Quartile (L) = Position of Q1 = (n +1)
4
MENDENHALL AND SINCICH METHOD
A METHOD OF FINDING THE QUARTILE VALUE

2. CALCULATE THE POSITION OF THE UPPER QUARTILE

3
Upper Quartile (U) = Position of Q3 = (n +1)
4
MENDENHALL AND SINCICH METHOD
A METHOD OF FINDING THE QUARTILE VALUE

EXAMPLE DATA SET

{1, 3, 5,
5 7, 16, 21, 27, 30, 31} and n = 9
To find Q1 locate its position using the formula
1
(n +1) and round off to the nearest integer.
4 1
Position of Q1 = (n +1)
4
1
= (9 +1)
4
= 2.5 (round up)
=3
THE LOWER QUARTILE VALUE Q1 IS THE 3RD DATA ELEMENT, SO Q1 = 5
MENDENHALL AND SINCICH METHOD
A METHOD OF FINDING THE QUARTILE VALUE

EXAMPLE DATA SET

{1, 3, 5, 7, 16, 21, 27,
27 30, 31} and n = 9
To find Q3 locate its position using the formula
3
(n +1) and round off to the nearest integer.
4 3
Position of Q3 = (n +1)
4
3
= (9 +1)
4
= 7.5 (round down)
=7
THE UPPER QUARTILE VALUE Q3 IS THE 7TH DATA ELEMENT, SO Q3 = 27
INTERQUARTILE RANGE

The difference between the upper

quartile and the lower quartile.
Interquartile Range = Q3 – Q1
EXAMPLES
1. The following are the scores of the Grade 10 students in a
20-item test in Mathematics
5, 10, 15, 8, 11, 15, 19, 6, 8, 7, 16, 9, 9, 9, 8.
2. Find the Q1 and Q3 of the data 2, 7, 11, 2, 5, 8, 1, 15, 12
3. The owner of the coffee shop recorded the number of
customers who came into his café each hour in a day. The
results were 14, 10, 12, 9, 17, 5, 8, 9, 14, 10, and 11.
MENDENHALL AND SINCICH METHOD :
A METHOD OF FINDING THE QUARTILE VALUE

• Solution
• Ascending order
{5, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 12, 14, 14, 17}
• N=11
• Least value= 5
• Greatest value= 17
 MENDENHALL AND SINCICH METHOD :
A METHOD OF FINDING THE QUARTILE VALUE

• Lower Quartile (L) = Position of Q1= ¼ (n+1)

Q1= ½ (n+1)
Q1= ½ (11+1)
Q1= ½ (12)
Q1= 12/4 (divide)
Q1= 3
{5, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 12, 14, 14, 17}
• Therefore the Q1 is the 3rd element in the data which is 9
 MENDENHALL AND SINCICH METHOD :
A METHOD OF FINDING THE QUARTILE VALUE

• Median Value or the middle value

Q2= 2/4 (n+1) = n+1/2 th observation
Q2= 2/4 (11+1)
Q2= 2/4 (12)
Q2= 24/4
Q2= 6 {5, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 12, 14, 14, 17}
• Therefore the Q2 is the 6th element in the data which is 10
 MENDENHALL AND SINCICH METHOD :
A METHOD OF FINDING THE QUARTILE VALUE

• Upper Quartile (U)= Position of Q3= ¾ (n+1)

Q3= ¾ (11+1)
Q3= ¾ (12)
Q3= 36/4
Q3= 9 {5, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 12, 14, 14, 17}
• Therefore the Q3 is the 9th element in the data which is 14
QUARTILE
U N G R O U P E D D ATA B Y L I N E A R
I N T E R P O L AT I O N
LINEAR INTERPOL ATION
A METHOD OF FINDING THE QUARTILE VALUE

Interpolation is an estimation of a
value within two known values in a
sequence of values. Using
interpolation method sometimes (but
not always) produces the same
results.
LINEAR INTERPOLATION
A METHOD OF FINDING THE QUARTILE VALUE
STEP A1. Arrange the scores in ascending
order.
STEP A2. Locate the position of the score in the
distribution
1
Position of Q1 = ( n + 1 )
4
STEP A3. If the result is a decimal number,
proceed for the interpolation.
LINEAR INTERPOL ATION
A METHOD OF FINDING THE QUARTILE VALUE

STEP B1. Find the difference between the two

values wherein Qk is situated.
STEP B2. Multiply the result in Step B1 by the
decimal part obtained in Step A2.

STEP B3. Add the result in Step B2 to the

second smaller number in Step B1.
LINEAR INTERPOL ATION
A METHOD OF FINDING THE QUARTILE VALUE

EXAMPLE:
Find the First Quartile (Q1), and the Third
Quartile (Q3), given the scores of 9 students in
their Mathematics activity using linear
interpolation.

1, 27, 16, 7, 31, 7, 30, 3, 21

LINEAR INTERPOL ATION
A METHOD OF FINDING THE QUARTILE VALUE

LINEAR INTERPOLATION FOR QUARTER I

STEP A1. Arrange the scores in ascending order.
1, 3, 7, 7, 16, 21, 27, 30, 31
STEP A2. Locate the position of the score in the distribution.
1
Position of Q1 = (n+1)
4
1
= (9+1)
4
= 2.5
LINEAR INTERPOL ATION
A METHOD OF FINDING THE QUARTILE VALUE

LINEAR INTERPOLATION FOR QUARTER I

STEP A3. If the result is a decimal number, proceed for the
interpolation.
STEP B1. Find the difference between the two values wherein Qk
is situated.
1, 3, 7, 7, 16, 21, 27, 30, 31
2.5 position
Q1 is between the values 3 and 7, therefore
=7–3
=4
LINEAR INTERPOL ATION
A METHOD OF FINDING THE QUARTILE VALUE

LINEAR INTERPOLATION FOR QUARTER I

STEP B2. Multiply the result in Step B1 by the decimal part
obtained in Step A2.
= 4 (0.5)
=2
STEP B3. Add the result in Step B2 to the second smaller number
in Step B1.
=2+3 THEREFORE THE VALUE OF Q1 IS
=5 EQUAL TO 5.
LINEAR INTERPOL ATION
A METHOD OF FINDING THE QUARTILE VALUE

LINEAR INTERPOLATION FOR QUARTER 3

STEP A1. Arrange the scores in ascending order.
1, 3, 7, 7, 16, 21, 27, 30, 31
STEP A2. Locate the position of the score in the distribution.
3
Position of Q3 = (n+1)
4
3
= (9+1)
4
= 7.5
LINEAR INTERPOL ATION
A METHOD OF FINDING THE QUARTILE VALUE

LINEAR INTERPOLATION FOR QUARTER 3

STEP A3. If the result is a decimal number, proceed for the
interpolation.
STEP B1. Find the difference between the two values wherein Qk
is situated.
1, 3, 7, 7, 16, 21, 27, 30, 31
7.5 position
Q3 is between the values 27 and 30, therefore
= 30 - 27
=3
LINEAR INTERPOL ATION
A METHOD OF FINDING THE QUARTILE VALUE

LINEAR INTERPOLATION FOR QUARTER 3

STEP B2. Multiply the result in Step B1 by the decimal part
obtained in Step A2.
= 3 (0.5)
= 1.5
STEP B3. Add the result in Step B2 to the second smaller number
in Step B1.
= 1.5 + 27 THEREFORE THE VALUE OF Q3 IS
= 28.5 EQUAL TO 28.5.
ACTIVITY 5: TRY IT
Find the first quartile (Q1), second quartile (Q2),
and the third quartile (Q3), given the scores of 10
students in their Mathematics activity.

4 , 9 , 7 , 14 , 10 , 8 , 12 , 15 , 6 , 11
Use
a. Mendenhall and Sincich Method
b. Linear interpolation