Bengali Grammar Important PDF

iPwqZv e¨vKiY MÖš’
 bv_vwb‡qj eªvwm n¨vjn¨vW (Gb eªvwm n¨vj‡nW)  A Grammar of the Bengali Language (1778) (AvswkK evsjvq gyw`ªZ)
 DBwjqvg †Kwi  A Grammar of the Bengali Language (1801) (Bs‡iwR‡Z iwPZ)
 k¨vgvPiY miKvi  ev½vjv e¨vKiY (1852)
 Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi  e¨vKiY †KŠgy`x (1853)
 bKy‡jk¦i we`¨vf~lY  fvlv‡iva ev½vjv e¨vKiY
 W. gynv¤§` knx`yjøvn  ev½vjv e¨vKiY
in
 W. Gbvgyj nK  e¨vKiY gÄyix
 RM`xk P›`ª †Nvl  AvaywbK evsjv e¨vKiY
o.
 mybxwZKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq  fvlv cÖKvk ev½vjv e¨vKiY
 KvRx `xb gyn¤§` I myKzgvi †mb  Awfbe e¨vKiY
 gybxi †PŠayix, Beªvnxg Lwjj I †gvdv¾j nvq`vi

cÖkœ
n
 evsjv fvlvi e¨vKiY
DËi
ap
 cÖ_g †Kvb evOvwj evsjv fvlvq e¨vKiY iPbv K‡ib ?  ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq
 fvlv cÖKvk ev½vjv e¨vKiY †K iPbv K‡ib ?  mybxwZ Kzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq
w
 ‡K me©cÖ_g evsjv UvBc mn‡hv‡M evsjv e¨vKiY gy`ªY K‡ib?  Gb we n¨vj‡nW

.s
 ivRv ivg‡gvnb iwPZ evsjv e¨vKi‡Yi bvg Kx?  †MŠoxq e¨vKiY

 evsjv fvlvi cÖ_g e¨vKiY iPbv K‡ib †K?  ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq
w
 cvwbwb †K wQ‡jb?  ‰eqvKiwYK

w
evsjv e¨vKi‡Yi Av‡jvP¨ welq

w
evsjv e¨vKi‡Yi Av‡jvP¨ welqt

welq Av‡jvP¨ welq
aŸwbZË¡ aŸwb, mwÜ, Y-Z¡ wewa, l-Z¡ wewa
kãZË¡ ev iƒcZË¡ kã, cÖZ¨q, DcmM©, ePb, wj½, KviK, wefw³, mgvm, evP¨, cyiæl, AbymM©
evK¨ZË¡ ev c`µg ev‡Kï MVb cÖYvjx, ev‡Kï wewfbœ Dcv`v‡bi ms‡hvRb I we‡qvRb, c‡ì iƒc cwieZ©b, †Q`wPý|
A_©ZË¡ kã I ev‡Kï A_© wePvi Ges A‡_©i cÖKvi|
cÖkœ DËi
 wb‡Pi †KvbwU e¨vKi‡Yi mvaviY Av‡jvP¨ welq bq-  fvlvZË¡
 iƒc Z‡Ë¡i Aci bvg wK ?  kã ZË¡
 mwÜ e¨vKi‡Yi †Kvb As‡ki Av‡jvP¨ welq ?  aŸwbZË¡
www.swapno.in
 wµqvg~j, wµqvKvj, cyiæl BZ¨vw` †Kvb As‡ki Av‡jvP¨ welq ?  iƒcZ‡Ë¡i
 e¨vKi‡Yi †Kvb As‡k KviK m¤^‡Ü Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq ?  iƒcZ‡Ë¡
 ePb e¨vKi‡Yi †Kvb As‡ki Av‡jvP¨ welq ?  iƒcZË¡
fvlv
 fvlv n‡”Q g‡bi fve cÖKv‡ki gva¨g| evsjv fvlvi cÖavb `ywU iƒc: 1. mvay I 2. PwjZ|
 mvay I PwjZ ixwZi cv_©K¨ me©bvg I wµqv c‡ì eënv‡i|
 mvay fvlvi êwkó¨: ¸iæM¤¢xi, Zrmg kãeûj, e³…Zv I bvU‡Ki msjv‡ci Abyc‡hvMx|
in
 PwjZ fvlvixwZi êwkó¨: cwieZ©bkxjZv, Z™¢e I †`wk kãeûj e¨vKi‡Yi mywbw`©ó wbq‡gi Abymvix bq, e³…Zv I
bvU‡Ki msjvc Dc‡hvMx fvlv|
o.
cÖkœ DËi
 mvay I PwjZ fvlvi cv_©K¨ †Kvb c‡` †ewk cwijwÿZ nq ? n  wµqv I me©bvg
ap
 Avjvjx ev û‡Zvgx fvlv ejv nq †Kvb fvlv‡K ?  PwjZ
Z_¨ †hvM: c¨vixPuv` wgÎ ÔAvjv‡ji N‡ii `yjvjÕ Dcb¨v‡m †h K_¨ fvlv eënvi K‡i‡Qb Zv ÔAvjvjx fvlvÕ bv‡g
cwiwPZ Ges KvjxcÖmbœ wmsn Abym„Z fvlv ixwZ‡K Ôû‡Zvgx fvlvÕ ejv nq|
w
 ‡Kvb fvlvq mvwn‡Zï Mv¤¢xh© I AvwfRvZ¨ cÖKvk cvq ?  mvay fvlvq
 mvay fvlv †_‡K PwjZ fvlvq wjL‡Z †Kvb c`hyM‡ji cwieZ©b N‡U ? me©bvg I wµqv
.s
 Ôm‡Zï mwnZ wg_¨vi Ø›Ø iwnqv‡Q| GB Ø‡›Ø cwi‡k‡l mwZ¨B weRqx nqÕ| G Dw³wU †Kvb ixwZ‡Z wjwLZ ?
w
 mvay ixwZ
 evsjv‡`k QvovI †Kvb RvqMvq gvby‡li gy‡Li fvlv evsjv ?  cwðge½ I Avmvg
w
 ÔjçÕ cÖ`vb KwijÕÑ Gi PwjZ iƒc †KvbwU ?  jvd w`j
 Ôcvi nBqvÕ Gi PjwZ iƒc †KvbwU ?  ‡cwi‡q

w
 bvU‡Ki msjv‡ci Dc‡hvMx fvlvi †Kvb ixwZ ?  PwjZ
 ÔA`¨Õ kãwU †Kvb fvlvixwZi D`vniY ?  mvay
Z_¨ †hvM: A`¨ Gi PwjZ iƒc- AvR|

 evsjv fvlvixwZi KqwU iƒc ?  `yBwU
Z_¨ †hvM: evsjv fvlvi cÖavb ev †gŠwjK iƒc `yBwU| h_v: 1) ‡jL¨ ev mvay ixwZ, 2) K_¨ ev PwjZ iƒc|
kã I kã MVb
MVbg~jK †kÖbx wefvM: 2 cÖKvi
 ‡gŠwjK kã: ‡h kã we‡kølY Kiv hvq bv ev †f‡½ Avjv`v Kiv hvq bv, Zv‡K †gŠwjK kã e‡j|
 mvwaZ kã: ‡h me kã‡K we‡kølY Ki‡j Avjv`v A_©‡evaK kã cvIqv hvq †m¸‡jv‡K mvwaZ kã e‡j|
www.swapno.in
k‡ãi A_©g~jK †kÖYx wefvM: 3 cÖKvi
 ‡hŠwMK kã: ‡h mKj k‡ãi ey¨rcwËMZ A_© I eënvwiK A_© GKB iKg nq ‡m¸‡jv‡K †hŠwMK kã e‡j| †hgb:-
MvqK, KZ©e¨ BZ¨vw`|
 iƒwp kã: ‡h kã cÖZ¨q ev DcmM©‡hv‡M g~j k‡ãi A‡_©i AbyMvgx bv n‡q Ab¨ †Kvb wewkó A_© Ávcb K‡i Zv‡K
iƒwp kã e‡j| †hgb:- euvwk, ˆZj BZ¨vw`|
 ‡hvMiƒp kã: mgvm wb®úbœ †h mKj kã m¤ú~Y©fv‡e mgm¨gvb c`mg~‡ni A‡_©i AbyMvgx bv n‡q †Kvb wewkó A_©
MÖnY K‡i, Zv‡ì †hvMiƒp kã e‡j| †hgb:- ivRcyZ, gnvhvÎv BZ¨vw`|
 DrmMZfv‡e k‡ãi †kªwY wefvM : 5 cÖKvi
†kªYx wefvM D`vniY
m~h©, b¶Î, cvÎ, feb, P›`ª, gbyl¨, n¯Í, e„¶, åvZv, fMœx, ag©, cy®ú, wcZv, gvZv, Kg©Kvi,
Zrmg
in
Pg©Kvi|
Aa©-Zrmg †QivÏ, wMbœx, ‡R¨vQbv, †evóg, Kzw”QZ
Z™¢e Pvgvi, cv, wN, gv, nvZ, Puv`,
o.
‡`kx †Uvci, Wve, Kzjv, MÄ, †Pv½v, WvMi, wW½v, †XuwK
Aviex Zzdvb, gwm©qv, Avjøvn, nvivg, nvjvj
dviwm n
‡Lv`v, bvgvh, ZvwiL, †`vhL, †ivRv, Pkgv
ap
cZ©ywMR Avbvim, AvjKvZiv, Bs‡iR, whï, cvw`ª, Avjwcb, cvDiæwU, mvevb, gvK©v,
†Zvqv‡j, †cqviv, †cu‡c, AvZv, ZvgvK, †evZvg, Avjgvwi, †c‡iK, Rvbvjv
divwm KvZz©R, Kycb, wW‡cv, K¨v‡d, †i‡¯Ívivu, †cÖvMÖvg
w
Ij›`vR B¯‹vcb, †UKKv, Zziæc, iæBZb, niZb

we‡`wk ¸RivwU LÏi, niZvj
cvÄvwe Pvwn`v, wkL
.s
ZzwK© PvKi, PvKz, †Zvc, `v‡ivMv, eveywP©, KuvwP

Pxbv Pv, wPwb
w
gvqvbgvi(evg©v) dzw½, jyw½

Rvcvwb wi·v, nvwi‡Kb, nvwiwKwi, nv¯œv‡nbv
w
‡gw·‡Kv P‡Kv‡jU
wnw›` cvwb, Pvwn`v, dvjZz, `v`v
w
Rvg©vb wKÛvi Mvi‡Ub

wMÖK `vg, †KvY
BZvwj m‡bU
wmsnjx wmWi, ‡ewi‡ewi
wgkª kã ‡PŠ-nwÏ, †eUvBg, wLª÷vã, nvU-evRvi, c‡KU gvi BZ¨vw`|
cÖkœ DËi ‡h cix¶vq G‡m‡Q
 Ô‡gvjv‡qgÕ kãwU †Kvb fvlv †_‡K G‡m‡Q ?  Aviwe
 Ô‡KivbxÕ kãwU †Kvb fvlv †_‡K G‡m‡Q ?  cZz©wMR

Z_¨ †hvM:Ô‡KivbxÕ kãwU cZz©wMR kã| Av‡iv wKQz cZz©wMR kã n‡jv: Bs‡iR, whï, cvw`ª, Avjwcb, cvDiæwU, mvevb,
†Zvqv‡j, †cqviv, †cu‡c, AvZv, ZvgvK, †evZvg, Avjgvwi, †c‡iK, AvjKvZiv, gvK©v, Rvbvjv BZ¨vw`|
 Bmjvg, Zmwe, DwKj, kwn`- kã¸”Q †Kvb fvlv †_‡K AvMZ ?  Aviwe
www.swapno.in
 Avjwcb, Avjgvwi, cvDiæwU, Pvwe- kã¸”Q †Kvb fvlv †_‡K G‡m‡Q ?  cZz©wMR
 wb‡Pi †KvbwU wnw›` kã ?  dzdv
 Ô`v‡ivMvÕ kãwU †Kvb fvlv †_‡K evsjv fvlvq G‡m‡Q ?  ZzwK©
 Ô‡W½yÕ kãwU evsjv fvlvq G‡m‡Q  ‡¯úbxq fvlv †_‡K
 Pg©Kvi wK ai‡bi kã ?  ms¯‹…Z
 Ô‡eŠ× wfÿzÕ kãwUi eg©x iƒc †KvbwU ?  dzw½
 ‡KvbwU ewg© (wgqvbgvi) fvlv †_‡K evsjv fvlvq G‡m‡Q ?  jyw½
 ‡KvbwU Zrmg kã ?  P›`b
 ÔniZvjÕ †Kvb fvlvi kã ?  ¸RivU
 Avbvim I Pvwe kã `ywU †Kvb fvlv †_‡K evsjv fvlvq G‡m‡Q ?  cZ©ywMR
in
 ÔwmWiÕ k‡ãi A_©  ‡PvL
o.
 ÔDReyKÕ kãwU †Kvb fvlv n‡Z evsjv fvlvq G‡m‡Q ?  ZzwK©
 Ô‡nW-‡gŠjfxÕ †Kvb †Kvb fvlvi kã †hv‡M MwVZ n‡q‡Q?  Bs‡iwR + dviwm
 wb‡¤œi †KvbwU Zrmg kã bq ? n  Pvgvi
ap
 ÔAvjøvnÕ kãwU ?  Aviwe
 ‡hvMiƒp k‡ãi D`vniY †KvbwU ?  Rj`
 wb‡Pi †KvbwU Aa©Zrmg kã ?  wMbœx
w
Z_¨ †hvM: ‡h me kã evsjv fvlvq g~j ms¯‹…Z kãiƒ‡c AweK…Z †bB; A_P c~Y© Z™¢e iƒcI cÖvß nqwb;
.s
†jv‡Ki gy‡L k„•Ljvnxbfv‡e †f‡½ D”PvwiZ nq, †m¸‡jv‡K Aa©-Zrmg kã e‡j|

 Ôe›`yK-eviæ`Õ kã `ywU  ZzwK©
w
Z_¨ †hvM: e›`yK-eviæ` ZzwK© kã| wKQz ZzwK© kã: evev, `v‡ivMv, Kzwj, jvk, PvKz, eveywP©, myjZvb, PvKi|
 ÔwgZvwjÕ †Kvb cÖK…wZi kã ?  ‡hŠwMK
w
 Ôgk¸jÕ †Kvb fvlvi kã ?  Aviwe

 ÔevevÕ kãwU †Kvb fvlv †_‡K G‡m‡Q ?  ZzwK©
w
Z_¨: ÔevevÕ kãwU ZzwK© fvlv †_‡K G‡m‡Q| ZzwK© fvlv †_‡K AvMZ AviI wKQy kãt D`y©, KuvwP, PvKz, PvKi, †Zvc,
`v‡ivMv, †Kvg©v, DReyK BZ¨vw`|
 wb‡Pi †KvbwU †gŠwjK kã ?  ‡Mvjvc
 niZvj wK ai‡bi kã ?  ¸RivwU
Z_¨: ¸RivwU kã:- niZvj, LÏi|
 mvayixwZi kã †KvbwU ?  MÖn
Z_¨: MÖn - mvay ixwZ; †KZve, K‡jR - we‡`wk kã; wMbœx - Aa© Zrmg kã|
 Ôe¨vKiYÕ kãwU †Kvb cÖKv‡ii ?  Ôe¨vKiYÕ kãwU ms¯‹„Z kã
 ‡KvbwU †`wk kã?  Kyjv
 ÔAvbvimÕ †Kvb fvlvi kã?  cZ©ywMR
www.swapno.in
 Ôwi·vÕ †Kvb fvlvi kã?  Rvcvwb
 wb‡Pi †KvbwU †hvMiƒp kã?  c¼R
Z_¨ †hvM: mgvm wb®úbœ †h mKj kã m¤ú~Y©fv‡e mgm¨gvb c`mg~‡ni AbyMvgx bv n‡q †Kv‡bv wewkó A_© MÖnY K‡i,
Zv‡ì †hvMiƒp kã e‡j| c¼R (c‡¼ R‡b¥ hv)| wKš‘ GLb Zvi Øviv cÙdzj‡K †evSvq|
 wb‡Pi †KvbwU Aa©Zrmg kã ?  wMwbœ
 Ô‡MivgÕ †Kvb RvZxq kã ?  Aa©Zrmg
 LuvwU evsjv k‡ã wb‡Pi †KvbwU hy³ nq bv ? l

 Ôm‡›`kÕ †Kvb †kÖYxi kã?  iƒwp
 ÔeveywP©Õ †Kvb fvlvi kã ?  ZzwK©

in
evsjv fvlv †Kvb kã `ywU MÖnY K‡i‡Q Pxbv fvlv n‡Z ?  Pv, wPwb
 ÔLÏiÕ kã evsjv fvlvq G‡m‡Q  ¸RivwU †_‡K
  Z™¢e
o.
Puv` †Kvb †kÖYxi kã ?
 evsjv fvlvi Pkgv kãwU †Kvb fvlv †_‡K G‡m‡Q ?  dvwm©
 wb‡Pi †KvbwU GKwU ‡hŠwMK kã ? n  MvqK
 evev Ges `v`v kã `ywU †Kvb fvlv †_‡K MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q?ZzwK©
ap
 ÔB¯‹vcbÕ †Kvb †`wk kã ?  Ij›`vR
 wb‡Pi †KvbwU GKwU Aviwe DcmM© ?  Avg
 Ô‡ZRviZÕ kãwU †Kvb †`wk ?  Aviwe
w
 wb‡Pi †KvbwU GKwU †hvMiƒp kã ?  c½R

.s
 Ô‡MivgÕ †Kvb RvZxq kã ?  Aa©Zrmg

 ÔK…òÕ Gi Aa©Zrmg kã †KvbwU ?  ‡Kó
w
wecixZ kã
w
cÖkœ DËi
 wb‡Pi †Kvb wecixZv_©K kã‡Rvo Aï× ?
w
 AvKvk-evZvm
Z_¨ †hvM: ï× wecixZv_©K kã‡Rvo: DÌvb-cZb, DËi-`wÿY, kÎæ-wgÎ| AvKvk-cvZvj n‡e|

 Ôg›`vÕ k‡ãi cÖPwjZ wecixZ kã †KvbwU ?  R‡¤úk
Z_¨ †hvM: g›`v A_© Lvivc ev wb¤œMvgx; R‡¤úk A_© fv‡jv ev Pv½v|
 cÖmbœ Gi wecixZv_©K kã †KvbwU ?  welYœ
 AšÍi½-Gi wecixZv_©K kã †KvbwU ?  ewni½

 ÔmskqÕ Gi wecixZ kã †KvbwU ?  cÖZ¨q
Z_¨ †hvM:  mskq- m‡›`n, wØav|  cÖZ¨q- wek¦vm, w¯’i aviYv|
 ÔHw”QKÕ Gi wecixZv_©K kã †KvbwU ?  Avewk¨K
 ÔeÜyiÕ k‡ãi wecixZ kã †KvbwU ?  gm„Y
www.swapno.in
 ‡Kvb kãwU Ag„Z k‡ãi wecixZv_©K kã ?  Mij
 ÔBnKvjÕ Gi wecixZ kã †KvbwU ?  ciKvj
 ÔAvKvkÕ Gi wecixZ kã †KvbwU ?  cvZvj
 ÔMijÕ k‡ãi wecixZ kã wK ?  Ag„Z
 ÔNvUwZÕ Gi wecixZ kã wK ?  evowZ
 Ôbw›`Z-wbw›`ZÕ wK‡mi D`vniY ?  wecixZ kã
 ÒgyL¨Ó Gi wecixZ kã †KvbwU ?  ‡MŠY
 ÔPcjÕ Gi wecixZ kã †KvbwU?  ivkfvix
Z_¨ †hvM: Pcj - M¤¢xi/ivkfvix; VvÛv - Mig; PvjvK - †evKv; mij - KcU|
 wbgMœ (m¤ú~Y© wbgw¾Z ev Wz‡e †M‡Q Ggb Av”Qbœ, wbweó)  D`vmxb
in
 ÿwZ Gi wecixZv_©K kã  dvq`v
 J×Z¨ Gi wecixZv_©K kã  webq
o.
 wPišÍb Gi wecixZv_©K kã  ÿYKvjxb
 ÔAe©vPxbÕ Gi wecixZ kã †KvbwU ?  cÖvPxb
 FRy k‡ãi wecixZ kã †KvbwU ? n  euvKv/ ew¼g

ap
Z_¨ †hvM: FRy - mij, †mvRv, mnR, my‡eva|
 wkw_j Gi wecixZ kã-  my`„p
 Ôwe‡RZvÕ Gi wecixZ kã †KvbwU ?  wewRZ

w
 ÔZ¡ivÕ - Gi wecixZ kã  wej¤^
 wecixZ kã wjLyb: Av‡jv, AšÍi, GKvj, Nb, a„Z|

.s
Z_¨ †hvM: Av‡jv  AÜKvi; Nb  cvZjv; AšÍi  ‡hvM; a„Z  Aa„Z; GKvj  ‡mKvj|
w
 ÔAvwef©veÕ Gi wecixZ kã †KvbwU ?  wZ‡ivfve
 ÔÿxqgvYÕ- Gi wecixZ kã ?  ea©gvb

w
 Hk¦h© Gi wecixZ kã ?  wbt¯^
 R½g k‡ãi wecixZ kã †KvbwU ?  ¯’vei

w
 ÔLeiÕ Gi wecixZ kã †KvbwU ?  wRÁvmv
Z_¨ †hvM: ÔLeiÕ A_© evZ©v, msev`, Z_¨ e„ËvšÍ| Gi wecixZ wRÁvmv|
 `ywnZv Gi wecixZ kã ‡KvbwU ?  cyÎ
Z_¨ †hvM: Ô`ywnZvÕ A_©: Kb¨v, Zbqv, bw›`bx, AvZ¥Rv, cyÎx cÖf„wZ| Gi wecixZ kã cyÎ|
 ‡mŠg¨ k‡ãi wecixZ kã †KvbwU ?  DMÖ
 Ô‡WvevÕ k‡ãi wecixZ A_©  fvmv

 ÔAjxKÕ Gi wecixZ kã  ev¯Íe
Z_¨ †hvM: AjxK A_© AmZ¨, wg_¨v| Gi wecixZ ev¯Íe|
 Ôm‡PóÕ Gi mwVK wecixZ kã †KvbwU ?  wb‡ðó
 Ô¯^KxqÕ kãwUi wecixZ kã †KvbwU ?  ciKxq
www.swapno.in
 Ô‡ZwRÕ k‡ãi wecixZ kã †KvbwU ?  wb‡¯ÍR
 ÔM„nxÕ k‡ãi wecixZv_©K kã  mbœ¨vmx
 Ô‡KvgjÕ Gi wecixZ kã †KvbwU ?  KK©k
 ÔwLowKÕ k‡ãi wecixZv_©K kã ?  wmsnØvi
 ÔcÖweóÕ k‡ãi wecixZ kã  cÖw¯’Z
 ÔcÖvLh©Õ- Gi wecixZ kã †KvbwU ?  cÖ”Qbœ
Z_¨ †hvM:  cÖvLh©- cÖLiZv/ ZxÿèZv|  cÖLi- Zxeª/ Kov|  cÖ”Qbœ- Ave„Z/ XvKv|
 ÔAwZe„wóÕÑi wecixZ kã  Abve„wó
 ÔwelbœÕ k‡ãi wecixZ kã  cÖmbœ
 Abyi³ Gi wecixZ kã  wei³
in
mgv_©K kã
o.
 cÖ_g evsjv Ôw_mivmÕ ev mgv_©K k‡ãi Awfavb msKjb K‡i‡Qb  A‡kvK gy‡Lvcva¨vq|
 mgv_©K kã eënvi Ki‡j ev‡Kï  ‡mŠ›`h© e„w× cvq|
 AwMœ
n
: Av¸b, ewý, Abj, cveK, ûZvkb, `nb, me©fzK, me©ïwP, êk¦vbi, K…kvby, wkLv|
ap
 AÜKvi : Avuavi, wZwgi, Zwg¯ªv, Zgt, AvÜvi, Avwaqvi|
 KvK : evqm, cif…r, KvD, KvDqv|
w
 P›`ª : Puv`, kkai, wbkvKi, myavKi, Kzgy`bv_, wmZvsï, Kjvf…r, Kjvai, g„Mv½, kkx, wbkvbv_, wØRivR,
wbkvKvšÍ, wbkvcwZ, B›`y, P›`ªgv, wngKi, Kjvwbwa, ewngvsï, myavsï, †mvg, kkv¼|
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 Rj : cvwb, cvbxq, evwi, mwjj, cqt, A¤^y, bxi, D`K, Rxeb, Ac, A¤¢t, †Zvq, AY©t|
w
 ‡XD : Zi½, Ewg©, exwP; weZi½, K‡jøvj, wn‡jøvj, gnvZi½,Zi½gvjv, g‡nvwg©|

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 b`x : ‡¯ªvZw¯^bx, ZwUbx, Ziw½bx, cÖevwnbx, ˆkewjbx, K‡jøvwjbx, MvO, mwir, †¯ªvZ¯^Zx, wbS©wiYx, K~jeZx|
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 cÙ : c¼R, m‡ivR, miwmR, Kgj, bwjb, Drcj, kZ`j, Kzejq, Zvgvim, Aiwe›`, m‡ivei, B›`xei,
†KvKb`, Kgy`, cÛixK, cy®‹i, ivRxe|
 c„w_ex : aiv, aiYx, awiÎx, gnx, †gvw`bx, wÿwZ, Aebx, emyÜiv, emygZx, c„_¡x, `ywbqv, emyav, f~, f~gÛj, RMr,
gZ©, gZ©¨, eªþvÛ, wek¦, fzeb, AwLj, f~‡jvK, Dex©, gi‡jvK, msmvi|
 ce©Z : cvnvo, APj, wMwi, f~ai, ‰kj, Aw`ª, bM, k„½, wkLix, gnxai, k„OMai, gnxaª, f~f…r| [cÖvK
 cvwL : cÿx, wenM, wen½, wen½g, kKzšÍ, wØR, cZÎx, †LPi, LM|
 m~h© : Avw`Z¨, Zcb, wèvKi, fv¯‹i, fvby, gvZ©Û, mweZv, AK©, wKiYgvjx, wgwni, wefvKi, AvdZve,
wee¯^vb, iwe|
 ÔivZ I ÿxYÕ kã `ywUi weKí kã : wefveix, kxY© Z_¨ †hvM: ivZ Gi mgv_©K ke©ix, ivwÎ, wbwk, iRbx,
wefveix, hvwgbx, wbkxw_bx, wÎhvgv BZ¨vw`|
www.swapno.in
ÿxY Gi mgv_©K kã: kxY©, K…k, ÿqcÖvß, ÿwqZ, Z_¨ †hvM:ÔRvqvÕ-Gi mgv_©K kã: ¯¿x, cZœx, mnawg©Yx, `vi,
†ivMv, miæ, AZ¨í, g„`y, A¯úó, `ye©j| KvšÍv, KjÎ, A½bv, ewbZv, M„wnbx, wMwbœ, `viv cÖf…wZ|
 ‡KvbwU Av¸‡Yi mgv_©K kã bq ?  ‡eMg  ÔivwÎÕ k‡ãi mgv_©K kã bq †KvbwU?  fvby
Z_¨ †hvM: fvby k‡ãi A_© m~h©|

 ‡KvbwU ce©‡Zi mgv_©K kã bq ?  awiwÎ
kãv_©
 ‡KvbwU mgv_©K kã bq ? Rxg~Z
AK©, Zcb, wgwni- m~‡h©i mgv_©K kã|  ÔwKivZÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx ?  RvwZ we‡kl
 Ômgy`Õª i mgv_©K kã †KvbwU ?  Rjai
 Ôke©ixÕ K_vwUi A_© ?  ivZ
 wb‡Pi †Kvb kã‡Rvo evsjv fvlvq mgv_©K wn‡m‡e
 ÔcqRviÕ k‡ãi A_©:
in
 cv`yKv
KL‡bv-KL‡bv eëüZ nq ?  Avfvm, Avfvl
 ÔD`xPxÕ k‡ãi A_© DËi w`K
o.

 ÔMYZ‡š¿i mc‡ÿ RbgZ M‡o D‡V‡Q|Õ-G ev‡Kï
AšÍM©Z Ômc‡ÿÕ k‡ãi A_© AbyK‚‡j  ÔkKUÕ k‡ãi A_© wK ?  Mvox
 Ô‡KŠgy`xÕ k‡ãi cÖwZkã n‡jv  ‡R¨vr¯œv n ÔcÖm~bÕ k‡ãi A_© wK ?  cy®ú
ap
 wb‡Pi †Kvb kã‡RvowU ¯’vb‡f‡` wecixZ I mgv_©K
Dfq A‡_© eëüZ nq ?  mvay-mbœ¨vmx  ÔPqbÕ k‡ãi A_© wK ?  m¤¢vi
w
 Ôm~h©Õ k‡ãi cÖwZkã ‡KvbwU ? Avw`Z¨  Ôb„cwZÕ k‡ãi A_© wK ?  ivRv

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 ÔcÖKl©Õ k‡ãi mgv_©K kã ?  DrKl©  Ôwbwb©‡glÕ kãwUi A_© Kx ?  AcjK

w
 Ôme©fzKÕ k‡ãi mgv_©K kã ? Av¸b  ÔAwb›`¨Õ kãwUi A_© Kx?  wbLyuZ

w
 wb‡Pi †Kvb `ywU mgv_©K kã ?  K…kvby : cveK  Ô‡mvcvbÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx ?  wmuwo
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 AK©-k‡ãi mgv_©K kã n‡”Q ?  cÖfvKi  g~pZv k‡ãi A_© Kx ?  AbwfÁZv
 ‡KvbwU mgv_©K kã¸”Q bq ?  Ak^, nq, gvZ½,  ÔAvw`‡L¨ZvÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx ?  b¨vKvwg
Zzi½
 ÔAN©Õ k‡ãi A_© Kx ?  c~Rvi DcKiY
Z_¨ †hvM: gvZ½ A_© nvwZ|  Ak¦, nq, Zzi½ A_© †Nvov|
 wb‡Pi †KvbwU m~h© Gi cÖwZkã bq ? De©x  ÔmvqiÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx ?  w`wN
m~h© Gi cÖwZkã: wefvKi, wee¯^vb, wgwni, wefvemy|  Ôcve©YÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx ?  Drme
 ÔRvqvÕ k‡ãi mgv_©K kã  Aa©vw½bx
 Ô‡jdvdvÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx ?  ‡gvoK
 Ô†cjeÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? †Kvgj
www.swapno.in
 ÒAgivÓ k‡ãi A_© Kx ?  ¯^M©  Ô¸evKÕ k‡ãi A_© wK?  mycvixMvQ
 ÒAwbjÓ k‡ãi A_© †KvbwU ?  evZvm  evqmÕ k‡ãi A_©  KvK

 R½g k‡ãi A_©  MwZkxj
 ÔK…ZNœÕ k‡ãi A_© wK ?  ‡h DcKvixi AcKvi K‡i  ÔM„aªÕ k‡ãi A_©  kKzb
 ÔwMwi wbt¯ªverÕ k‡ãi A_© ?  b`x  ÔKv`w¤^bxÕ A_© Kx?  ‡gNgvjv

 ÔivZzj k‡ãi A_©  jvj
 Ôg„Mv¼Õ kãwUi A_© n‡jv  P›`ª  ÔwefveixÕ k‡ãi A_©  ivZ
 ÒA‡cvMÛÓ k‡ãi A_©-  AcÖvßeq¯‹

 Ôciv_©Õ kãwUi A_© wK ?  c‡ivcKvi
in
 ÔkKUÕ k‡ãi A_©  Mvwo
 ÔwkLwÛÕ k‡ãi A_© wK ?  gq~i  ÔmšÍwi mgy`ª Ewg©Õ; ÔmšÍwiÕ k‡ãi A_©  DËvj
o.
 Ônl©Õ kãwUi A_© Kx  Avb›`  Ôcv_viÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx?  mgy`ª
Z_¨ †hvM: Ônl©Õ k‡ãi A_©: Avb›`, cyjK, Av‡gv`,

n
 ÔeûeªxwnÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx?  eû avb
ap
cÖ‡gv`, nvwm, Lywk, dzwZ©, myL, cÖxwZ BZ¨vw`|
 ÔKc`©KnxbÕ A_©  wbt¯^  ÔmIMvZÕ k‡ãi A_©  Dcnvi
 Ô`vwgbxÕ kãwUi A_© wK ?  we`y¨r  ÔimvZjÕ A_©?  aŸsm
w
 Ô‡`vnvivÕ- k‡ãi gv‡b  ‡gvUvI bq, †ivMvI bq

 ÔgvM©Õ k‡ãi A_©  c_
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 Ôcv‡ÄwiÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx ?  Av‡jvK ewZ©Kv

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wØiæ³ kã I aŸb¨vZ¥K kã
 †Kvb kã, c` ev AbyKvi kã, GKevi eënvi Ki‡j †h A_© cÖKvk K‡i, `yevi eënvi Ki‡j m¤úªmvwiZ Ab¨
‡Kv‡bv A_© cÖKvk Kiv‡K k‡ãi wØiæw³ e‡j| wØiæ³ A_© `yevi D³ n‡q‡Q Ggb| ÒAvgvi fq fq jvM‡QÓ
wØiæw³i A_©Ñ wVK fq bq, f‡qi fve|
 wØiæw³ 3 cÖKvi| k‡ãi wØiæw³, c‡ì wØiæw³, AbyKvi wØiæw³|
 k‡ãi wØiæw³:
 GKB kã `yÕevi eënvi Kiv nq Ges kã `yywU AweK…Z _v‡K| †hgb: eQi eQi cixÿv|
 wØiæ³ kã-‡Rvovi wØZxq kãwUi AvswkK cwieZ©b nq| †hgb: wgU-gvU; wdU-dvU|
 GKB k‡ãi m‡½ mgv_©K AviI GKwU kã †hvM K‡i eëüZ nq| ‡hgb: ab-‡`ŠjZ|
 mgv_©K ev wecixZv_©K kã †hv‡M| †hgb: †`bvÑcvIbv, †jb-‡`b, UvKv-cqmv|
www.swapno.in
 c‡ì wØiæw³ t
 `y‡Uv c‡` GKB wefw³ cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq, kã `y‡Uv I wefw³ AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K| †hgb: N‡i N‡i †jLvcov
n‡”Q|
 wØZxq c‡ì AvswkK aŸwbMZ cwieZ©b N‡U, wKšÍy c`-wefw³ AweK„Z _v‡K| †hgb: †PviwU nv‡Z bv‡Z aiv
c‡o‡Q| Avgvi mšÍvb †hb _v‡K `y‡a fv‡Z|
 AbyKvi wØiæw³/aŸb¨vZ¥K wØiæw³: †Kv‡bv wKQzi ¯^vfvweK ev KvíwbK AbyK…wZwewkó k‡ãi iƒc‡K aŸb¨vZ¥K kã
e‡j| G RvZxq aŸb¨vZ¥K k‡ãi `yÕevi cÖ‡qv‡Mi bvg aŸb¨vZ¥K wØiæw³| aŸb¨vZ¥K wØiæw³ Øviv eûZ¡, AvwaK¨
BZ¨vw` ‡evSvq| †hgb:
 gvby‡li aŸwbi AbyKvi: †fD †fD, U¨v U¨v, wn wn BZ¨vw`|
 RxeRšÍyi aŸwbi AbyKvi: †ND †ND, wgD wgD, Kzû Kzû, Kv Kv BZ¨vw`|
in
 e¯Íyi aŸwbi AbyKvi : Sg Sg, NPvNP, go go, Uvcyi Uzcyi, û û BZ¨vw`|
 Abyf~wZRvZ KvíwbK aŸwbi AbyKvi: wSwKwgwK, Vv Vv, KzU KzU, wgb wgb, wcU wcU, wS wS BZ¨vw`|
o.
cÖkœ DËi
 aŸb¨vZ¥K kã bq †KvbwU ? n  fbfb

ap
Z_¨ †hvM: UzcUvc, UjUj, wSiwSi aŸb¨vZ¥K kã|
 ‡KvbwU wØiæ³ kã bq ?  UzcUvc
Z_¨ †hvM: evwo evwo, kxZ kxZ, ‡Pv‡L †Pv‡L| UzcUvc abvZ¥K kã|
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 Ôû û K‡i evRv‡i wRwbmc‡Îi `vg evo‡QÕ| -evK¨wU‡Z Ôû ûÕ †Kvb A_© cÖhy³?  aŸbvZ¡K
 Ô‡W‡K †W‡K nqivb n‡qwQÕÑ GLv‡b †W‡K †W‡K wØiæw³ wU †Kvb A_© wb‡`©k K‡i ?
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‡cŠb:cywbKZv
 ÔWvjfvZÕ wK A‡_©i kã‡hv‡M wØiæ³ n‡q‡Q ?  wgjbv_©K

w
 ÔKwe Kwe fve wKšÍy Q‡›ì AfveÕ- ÔKwe KweÕ wK A‡_© eëüZ n‡q‡Q ?  cybive„wË A‡_©
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 e„wó c‡o Uvcyi Uzcyi b‡` G‡jv evb- GLv‡b Uvcyi Uzcyi †Kvb ai‡bi kã?  aŸb¨vZ¡K kã
 ÔwkïwU gv gv e‡j Kvu`‡QÕ Ñ GLv‡b Ôgv gvÕ wØiæw³wU †Kvb A‡_© eëüZ n‡q‡Q ?  AvMÖn
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 ‡KvbwU aŸb¨vZ¡K wØiæw³i D`vniY ?  Sg-Sg

 k‡ãi Avw` ¯^‡ii cwieZ©b K‡i hyM¥ixwZ‡Z MwVZ wØiæ³ kã †KvbwU? PzcPvc
 mgv_©K kã ‡hv‡M wØiæw³ n‡q‡Q †KvbwU ?  ab-‡`ŠjZ
m‡gv”PvwiZ wfbœv_©K kã
kã A_© kã A_© kã A_© kã A_©
Ask fvM Lo Z…Y ‡Mvov g~j ev wb‡Pi Ask ki Zxi
Asm Kuva Li Zxeª ‡Muvov AÜf³ ¯î AvIqvR
AwjK Kcvj P~Z Avgdj ZYy K…l ¯^xKvi A½xKvi
AjxK wg_¨v Pz¨Z öwjZ Zby ‡`n wkKvi g„Mqv
www.swapno.in
Abœ Lv`¨ wPi `xN© Aby cðvr fRb Avivabv
Ab¨ Aci Pxi wQbœe¯¿ AYy e¯Íyi ÿz`ªZg Ask ‡fvRb Avnvi
Avkx mv‡ci wel`vZ R¡vj AwMœwkLv Avcb wbR myZv ¯¿x
Avwk AkxwZ (80) Rvj duv` AvcY ‡`vKvb m~Zv e‡¯¿i DcKiY
Avwm AvMgb Kwi ZK ch©šÍ Dcv`vb DcKiY cvwb Rj
Abœcyó ‡fvRbcyó Z¡K Pg©, Qvj, †Lvmv Dcvavb evwjk cvwY nvZ
Ab¨cyó ‡KvwKj RvZx cy®úwe‡kl ZiwY ‡bŠKv wkj bywo. cv_i
Avmvi e„wó, RjKYv RuvwZ mycvwi KvUvi hš¿ ZiæYx hyeZx kxj PwiÎ
Avlvp evsjv gvm we‡kl ‰R¨ô gvm we‡kl Abxj hv bxj bq mb ermi
Kcvj jjvU ‡R¨ô cy®ú we‡kl Awbj evqy kb Z…Ywe‡kl
in
K‡cvj MÐ‡`k bxo cvwLi evmv ¸p Mfxi, ¸ß kKj LÐ
Lyi Miæi cv‡qi Ask bxi Rj ¸o Mfxi, ¸ß mKj mg¯Í
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Mv_v KweZv `xc cÖ`xc cwi‡”Q` Aa¨vq ùvwo weivg wPý

Muv_v MÖw_Z wØc n¯Íx
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AePq Pqb fvb `xwß, †kvfv K~Rb cvwLi ie gY 40‡mi
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AcPq ÿwZ fvY Qj K~j Zxi, wKbviv jÿ GKk nvRvi

AvfiY Aj¼vi `xb `wi`ª Kzj esk, dj we‡kl jÿ¨ D‡Ïk¨
AveiY Av”Qv`b w`b wèm weRb wbR©b bvwo agbx
‡Kvgj big bvix ¯¿x‡jvK exRb cvLv Kgj cÙ
cÖkœ DËi
 Ô‡RvoÕ I Ô‡RviÕ k‡ãi A_© h_vµ‡g-  hyMj I kw³
 ÔAvfvlÕ I ÔAvfvmÕ k‡ãi A_© h_vµ‡g t  f~wgKv I Bkviv
www.swapno.in
ï× evbvb
 wb‡Pi †Kvb evbvbwU ï× ?  ms¯ªe
 †Kvb bvgwU ï× ?  Rxebvb›` `vk
 ï× evbvb¸”Q †KvbwU ?  wkniY, giæ`¨vb, AÄwj
 ‡Kvb evbvbwU Aï× ?  mwZZ¡
 ‡KvbwU Aï× ?  mkw¼Z
Z_¨ †hvM: mkw¼Z Gi ï×iƒc kw¼Z|
 wb‡Pi †Kvb evbvbwU Aï× ?  cPvbeŸB
Z_¨ †hvM: cuPvbeŸB ï× evbvb|
in
 ï× evbv‡bi kã‡Rvo †KvbwU ?  ¯^Z,¡ wccxwjKv
Z_¨ †hvM: Ab¨¸wji ï×iƒc HK¨gZ, iæMœ, fzj|
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 mwVK evbvb †KvbwU ?  `yie¯’v
 †Kvb evbvb¸‡jv ï× ?  ‡mvbvjx, Zix, wbk¦vm
Z_¨ †hvM: `yie¯’v - g›` Ae¯’v/ `y`©kv/ `vwi`ª| n
 ‡KvbwU ï× ?  `wi`ªZv
ap
 ï× evbvb †KvbwU ? wccxwjKv
 wb‡Pi †Kvb evbvbwU ï× ?  gyûgy©û
 ‡Kvb evbvbwU wbf©yj ?  gaym~`b|
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 ‡Kvb evbvbwU ï× ? K…wlRxex

 ‡Kvb evbvbwU ï× ?  `y®‹…wZKvix
.s
 ‡KvbwU ï× evbvb ? mgxPxb  ‡Kvb evbvbwU ï× ?  AZ¨waK

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 ‡Kvb evbvbwU ï× ?  wbweo

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 ‡KvbwU ï× evbvb? `~ixf~Z

 ï× evbvb †KvbwU ?  gva¨vKl©Y
 ‡Kvb evbvbwU ï× ?  Db¥xwjZ
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 ‡KvbwU ï× evbvb ? M„wnYx  ‡Kvb evbvbwU ï× ?  k¥kvb

 ‡KvbwU ï× evbvb ?  AvKv•ÿv
 ‡Kvb evbvbwU ï× ?  ‡Mva~wj
 mwVK evbvb †KvbwU ?  àxPx
 ï× evbvb †KvbwU ?  eyw×Rxex
 ‡KvbwU ï× ?evj¥xwK
 ï× evbv‡bi kã¸”Q †KvbwU ?  wb‡Pi †Kvb evbvbwU ï× ?  ÿxYRxex
w÷gvi, cÖwZ‡hvMx, ey¨rcwË
 wb‡Pi †Kvb evbvbwU ï× ?  Avlvp  wb‡Pi †Kvb evbvb¸”Q ï× ?  mgxPxb, evj¥xwK
 wb‡Pi †Kvb evbvbwU ï× ?  cvlvY  bx‡Pi †Kvb evbvbwU ï× ? gbxlx
 ï× evbvb †KvbwU ?  wki‡ñ`
www.swapno.in
Z_¨ †hvM: gbxlx - Zxÿèax, eyw×gvb, weØvb, cwÐZ| Z_¨ †hvM: wefxwlKv-fqRbK `„k¨/fq cÖ`k©b/fxlY fq/
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Climax gnvgyûZ© Parole mvgwqK gyw³ Wisdom cÖÁv
Dead lock APjve¯’v Play truant ¯‹zj †_‡K cvjv‡bv Glossary UxKvcwÄ
www.swapno.in
Equation mgxKiY Pensive welbœ Hydrogen D`hvb
Eradication D‡”Q` Quack nvZz‡o Housing Avevmb
Executive wbe©vnx Quarterly ‰ÎgvwmK Sponsor c„ô‡cvlK
Excise duty AveMvix ïé Radio †eZvi General Manager gnveë¯’vcK
Final mgvwß Relevant cÖvmw½K Graduate ¯œvZK
File bw_ Scarcity Afve Stigma j¾v¯‹i `vM
Flora Dw™¢`K~j Study leave wk¶veKvk Sleeping partner wbw¯Œq Aswk`vi
Epicurism †fvMev` Secretary mwPe Subjudice wePvivaxb
cÖkœ DËi
in
 wb‡Pi †KvbwUi MÖnY‡hvM¨ evsjv cwifvlv ˆZwi nqwb ?  pass-word
 'Parasite' -k‡ãi evsjv cwifvlv  ciMvQv
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 'Depreciation' -Gi MÖnY‡hvM¨ evsjv cwifvlv  AePq
 'Puritanism' k‡ãi gv‡b  AwZ‰bwZKZv
 Sponsor k‡ãi cvwifvwlK A_© ‡KvbwU ?
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 ‘Civil’ k‡ãi cvwifvwlK kã †KvbwU ?  ‡Ìqvwb
 'Quota' Gi cwifvlv wK ?  h_vsk
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 ‘Intellectual’ k‡ãi evsjv A_© wK ?  eyw×Rxex

 ‘Wisdom’ k‡ãi evsjv A_© †KvbwU ?  cÖÁv
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 ‘Morphology’-Gi e½vbyev` n‡jv-  iƒcZË¡

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Z_¨ †hvM: Morphology (iƒcZË¡); Semantics (A_©ZË¡); Phonology (aŸwbZË¡); Syntax (evK¨ZË¡)
 cÖPwjZ we‡`wk k‡ãi fvevbyg~jK cÖwZkã‡K wK e‡j ?  cvwifvwlK kã
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 "Co-opted" Gi cwifvlv  mn‡hvwRZ

 "Lease" k‡ãi evsjv cwifvlv  BRviv
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 ‘Barren’ k‡ãi A_©-  Eli

 Cease fire cwifvlvwUi evsjv cÖwZkã †KvbwU ?  A¯¿-mseiY
 The window panes steamed up-Gi h_vh_ evsjv  Rvbvjvi KvP Svcmv n‡q †Mj
 Transliteration-Gi cwifvlv  cÖwZeY©xKiY
aŸwb I eY©
‡gŠwjKZv Abyhvqx ¯î aŸwb `yB cÖKvi -
‡gŠwjK ¯î: ‡h ¯îaŸwb‡K Avi we‡kølY Kiv hvq bv Zv‡K †gŠwjK ¯î e‡j| Gi msL¨v mvZwU| A, Av, B, D, A¨v,
G, I|
www.swapno.in
‡hŠwMK ¯î: GK m‡½ D”PvwiZ `y‡Uv wgwjZ ¯îaŸwb‡K †hŠwMK ¯î e‡j| evsjv fvlvi †hŠwMK ¯î aŸwb msL¨v 25
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 Awfav‡b ÔÿÕ eY© †Kv_vq _v‡K ?  K-e‡Y©i m‡½
 evsjv GKv‡Wwgi Awfavb Abyhvqx wb‡Pi †Kvb eY©bvµgwU mwVK ?  MvIqv, Mvs, Muv, Mv½
 evsjv wjwci MVbKvh© †Kvb Avg‡j ïiæ nq ?  ‡mb Avg‡j
 evsjv fvlvq e‡Y©i msL¨v  50wU
 c, d, e, f, g aŸwb n‡jv  Iô¨

 ÔÿÕ hy³vÿiwU †Kvb †Kvb Aÿ‡ii hy³iƒc ?  K + l
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 ÔKÕ †_‡K ÔgÕ ch©šÍ 25wU e¨Äb aŸwb‡K GK‡Î ejv nq?  ¯úk© aŸwb
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Z_¨ †hvM:  evsjv eY©gvjvq gvÎvnxb eY©: G, H, I, J, O, T, r, s, t Ges u|
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 evsjv fvlvq ¯îeY© I e¨ÄbeY© KqwU ?  11wU I 39wU

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 ‡Kvb aŸwb †Nvl ?  `

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 ‡Kvb `ywU gnvcÖvY aŸwb ?  L, S
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Z_¨ †hvM:  ‡hŠwMK ¯îaŸwb- H,J  ‡gŠwjK ¯îaŸwb- A Av B D, G A¨v I

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 ÔþÕ Gi wewkó iƒc/ eªþcyÎ k‡ãi ÔþÕ hy³ eY©wU †Kvb †Kvb e‡Y©i mshy³ iƒc  n + g
Z_¨ †hvM: K + l = ÿ; n + g = þ; K + l + b = ÿè
 evsjv fvlvq †hŠwMK ¯îaŸwbi msL¨v KqwU ?  25wU
 wb‡Pi †KvbwU GKwU ¯îeY© ? G
 fvlvi ÿz`ªZg GKK †KvbwU  aŸwb

Z_¨ †hvM: fvlvi ÿz`ªZg GKK aŸwb| ev‡Kï ÿz`ªZg GKK kã|
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Z_¨ †hvM: hy³vÿi: ` + e = Ø; ` + ` = Ï|
 ÔÿÕÑ Gi wewkó iƒc Ñ K+l
Z_¨ †hvM: K + l = ÿ, n+g = þ, T+ P= Â, T + Q = Ã|
www.swapno.in
 evsjv eY©gvjvq Aa©gvÎv wewkó eY© KqwU ?  8wU
 ‡KvbwU †gŠwjK ¯îaŸwb ?  G

Z_¨ †hvM: evsjv fvlvq †gŠwjK ¯îaŸwb 7wU| h_vÑ A, Av, B, D, A¨v, G Ges I| aŸwbZË¡we` gyn¤§` Ave`yj nvB
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 ‡KvbwU Iô¨ aŸwb? g
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 evsjv fvlvq ¯úk© e‡Y©i msL¨v KqwU?  25 wU
Z_¨ †hvM: evsjv fvlvq ¯úk© e‡Y©i msL¨v 25wU| ÔKÕ †_‡K ÔgÕ ch©šÍ G 25wU aŸwb‡K ¯úk© aŸwb e‡j|
 ÔòÕ hy³eY©wU †Kvb †Kvb eY© Øviv MwVZ ? l + Y
 o I p aŸwb¸‡jv‡K ejv nq-  ZvobRvZ aŸwb
 wb‡Pi †KvbwU A‡Nvl aŸwb ?
in
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 fvlvi g~j Dcv`vb n‡”Q-  aŸwb
o.
 wb‡Pi †Kvb evbv‡b g~a©b¨ ÔYÕ-Gi eënvi n‡q‡Q?  Z…òv
Z_¨ †hvM: n + b = ý; b + b = bœ, Z + b = Zœ ; l + Y = ò
n
 ms¯‹„Z cÖ‡qvM Abymv‡i evsjv eY©gvjvq ÔFÕ †Kvb e‡Y©i g‡a¨ iwÿZ ? ¯îeY©
 mvay fvlvi k‡ã Ò½Ó-Gi ¯’‡j PwjZ fvlvq †Kvb †Kvgj iƒc eëüZ nq?  O
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 evsjv eY©gvjvq bvwmK¨ eY© KqwU -  5wU
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hwZ ev weivg wPý

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weivg wPý
ev‡Kï A_© my¯úófv‡e †evSv‡bvi R‡b¨ Ges m¤^Ü cwi®‹vi Kivi R‡b¨ ev‡Kï g‡a¨ I †k‡l KZK¸‡jv wPý
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eënvi Kiv nq| GB wPý¸‡jv‡K ÔhwZÕ ev Ôweivg wPýÕ ev Ô‡Q` wPý e‡j|
weivg wP‡ýi eënvi:
w
Kgv (cv`‡”Q`)
w
mvaviYZ 1 (GK) D”Pvi‡Y hZUzKz mgq cÖ‡qvRb ZZUzKz mgq _vg‡Z nq Kgvi R‡b¨|
(K) ev‡Kï A_©wefvM †`Lv‡bvi Rb¨ Kgv eëüZ nq| ‡hgb: myL PvI, myL cv‡e cwikÖ‡g|
(L) GKvwaK we‡kl¨ ev we‡klY c` GKmv‡_ em‡j †klwU ev‡` me¸‡jvi ci Kgv e‡m|
‡hgb: Rev, †ewj, nvmbv †nbv Avgvi wcÖq dzj|
(M) m‡¤^va‡bi ci Kgv e‡m| ‡hgb: gv‡ft, Gw`‡K G‡mv|
(N) D×iY wP‡ýi c~‡e© Kgv e‡m| ‡hgb: wkÿK ej‡jb, ÒAvMvgxKvj niZvj|Ó
(O) evi I gv‡mi c‡i Kgv e‡m| ‡hgb: 1jv êkvL, kwbevi, 1419 mb|
 ‡mwg‡Kvjb (Aa©‡”Q`)
Kgv A‡cÿv †ewk weiwZi ìKvi †mwg‡Kvjb eëüZ nq| ‡hgb: Av‡M †Pbv c‡_ hvI, c‡i A‡Pbv c‡_ †h‡qv|
 ùvwo (c~Y©‡”Q`)
ev‡Kï cwimgvwß †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ ùvwo eëüZ nq| ‡hgb: g„Zz¨‡Z me AnsKvi ay‡q gy‡Q hvq|
www.swapno.in
285
 cÖkœ wPý (cÖkœ‡evaK wPý)
‡Kv‡bv wKQz wRÁvmv Kiv n‡j ev‡Kï †k‡l cÖkœ‡evaK wPý eëüZ nq| ‡hgb: c„w_exi eqm KZ ?
 we¯§q wPý (we¯§qm~PK wPý)
AevK, we¯§q ev ü`qv‡eM cÖKvk †c‡j ev‡Kï †k‡l GB wPý eëüZ nq| ‡hgb: gwi nvq! nvq‡i I gv|
 ‡Kvjb (`„óvšÍ‡”Q`)
Ac~Y© ev‡Kï c‡i GKwU c~Y© evK¨ G‡j †Kvjb wPý eëüZ nq| ‡hgb: cÖwZÁv Kijvg: Avi wg_¨v K_v ej‡ev
bv|
 W¨vk (evK¨m½wZ wPý)
c„_K fvevcbœ `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK ev‡Kï mgš^q †evSv‡Z W¨vk wPý eëüZ nq| ‡hgbÑ wkwki Ñ bv, G bvgUv
eënvi Kiv Pwjj bv|
in
 ‡Kvjb W¨vk (†Q` evK¨m½wZ wPý)
D`vniY ev `„óvšÍ †evSv‡Z †Kvjb W¨vk GKmv‡_ eëüZ nq| ‡hgb: mgvm Qq cÖKvi:
o.
 nvB‡db (kã ms‡hvM wPý): ‡hgb: Rb : gvbe|
 ‡jvc wPý
eY© we‡k‡li †jvc †evSv‡Z GB wPý eëûZ nq|
n
ap
 D×„wZ wPý
e³vi cÖZ¨ÿ Dw³ GB wP‡ýi AšÍf©y³ nq| ‡hgb: wZwb ej‡jb, Ô‡Zvgiv P‡j hvIÕ|
w
 eª¨v‡KU ev eÜbx wPý

cÖavbZ MwY‡Z eÜbx wPý eëüZ nq|
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cÖkœ DËi
w
 m‡¤^vab c‡` †Kvb hwZwPý e‡m  Kgv

 ÔKx ej‡j, Avwg cvMj --Õ k~b¨¯’v‡b em‡e -  we¯§q wPý
w
 ‡Kvb weivgwP‡ý weivg wb‡Z nq bv?  nvB‡db

 evK¨ Am¤ú~Y© _vK‡j ev‡Kï †k‡l wK wPý eëüZ nq ?  ‡Kvjb
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 ‡Kvjb W¨vk †KvbwU ?  t- (wem‡M©i Wvb cv‡k© j¤^v †iLv)
 ‡Kvb weivg wP‡ýi weiwZKvj †bB ?  nvB‡db
 evsjv fvlvi hwZ wP‡ýi cÖPjb K‡ib †K ?  Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi
Z_¨ †hvM: Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi 1847 wLª÷v‡ã Ô‡eZvjcÂweskwZÕ MÖ‡š’i `kg ms¯‹i‡Y me©cÖ_g hwZ wP‡ýi mdj cÖ‡qvM K‡ib|
 Aÿi D”Pvi‡Yi Kvj cwigvY‡K wK e‡j ?  gvÎv
 we¯§q wP‡ýi weiwZKvj KZUzKz ?  GK †m‡KÛ
 mgvme× c`¸‡jv wewQbœ K‡i †`Lv‡bvi Rb¨ †Kvb wPý e‡m|  nvB‡db
Z_¨ †hvM: `yB k‡ãi ms‡hvM †evSv‡Z nvB‡db eëüZ nq| ev‡K¨ mgRvZxq GKvwaK c‡ì eënv‡i ev `ywU c‡ì
ms‡hvM¯’‡j nvB‡db e‡m| ZvB nvB‡db‡K c` ms‡hvM wPý e‡j|
 eR©b¯’v‡b k‡ãi Dc‡i †jLv Kgv †K ejv nq  B‡jK
www.swapno.in
 GKwU Ac~Y© ev‡Kï †k‡l Ab¨ ev‡Kï AeZviYv Ki‡Z wK wPý e‡m ? ‡Kvjb mgvR‡mev Awa: BDwbqb mgvRKg©x wb‡qvM-2016
Z_¨ †hvM: ‡Kvjb: evK¨ Am¤ú~Y© †i‡L cÖvmw½K Ab¨ Z_¨ Ávc‡bi mgq eënvi nq|
W¨vm: ‡Kvb K_vi D`vniY, we¯Ívi ev `„óvšÍ †evSv‡Z|
‡mwg‡Kvjb: GKvwaK ¯^vaxb evK¨‡K GKwU ¯^vaxb ev‡K¨ wjL‡j| Kgv A‡cÿv †ewk weiwZi Rb¨|
aŸwbi cwieZ©b
 Avw` ¯îvMg: ¯¿x- B¯¿x, ¯‹zj- B¯‹zj|
 ga¨ ¯îvMg: cÖxwZ- wcixwZ, wK¬c- wKwjc|
 AšÍ¨¯îvMg: w`k- w`kv, †cvLZ- †cv³|
in
 AcwbwnZ: AvwR-AvBR, mvay-mvDa|
 AmgxKib: ac+ac-acvac, Uc+Uc-UcvUc|
o.
 ¯îm½wZ: †`wk-w`wk, wejvwZ-wewjwZ|
 ¯î‡jvc: emwZ-em&wZ, gyjv-gy‡jv|


aŸwb wech©q: wckvP-wcPvk, jvd-dvj|
mgxfeb: Rb¥-R¤§, Kv`bv-Kvbœv|
n
ap
 welgxfeb: kixi-kixj, jvj-bvj|
 e¨ÄbwØZ¡Zv: cvKv-cv°v, mKvj-m°vj|
w
 e¨Äb weK…wZ: KevU-KcvU, ‡avev-‡avcv|

 e¨ÄbPy¨wZ: eDw`w`-eDw`, eo`v`v-eo`v|
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 AšÍ©nwZ: dvêyb-dv¸b, djvnvi-djvi|

 AwfkÖwZ: ïwbqv-ï‡b, ewjqv-e‡j|
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cÖkœ DËi
w
 kã ga¨¯’ `ywU wfbœ aŸwb G‡K Ac‡ii cÖfv‡e Aí we¯Íi mgZv jvf Kiv‡K wK e‡j ?  mgxfeb
 GKB ¯^‡ii cybive„wË bv K‡i gvSLv‡b ¯îaŸwb hy³ nIqv‡K wK e‡j?  AmgxKiY
w
 `ªæZ D”Pvi‡Yi Rb¨ k‡ãi Avw`, AšÍ ev gaëZ©x †Kvb ¯îaŸwb †jvc †c‡j Zv‡K wK e‡j?  m¤úªKl©
 ‡KvbwU Avw` ¯îvMg ?  ¯¿x  B¯¿x
Z_¨ †hvM: aŸwb cwieZ©‡bi d‡j g~j k‡ãi Avw`‡Z ¯îaŸwbi AvMgb NUv‡K Avw` ¯îvMg e‡j| †hgb: ¯¿x  B¯¿x, ¯‹zj B¯‹zj BZ¨vw`|
 djvnvi  djvi n‡q‡Q, Zv‡K e‡j  AšÍn©wZ
 ‡KvbwU aŸwb wech©‡qi D`vniY ?  jvd  dvj
Z_¨ †hvM: k‡ãi g‡a¨ `y‡Uv e¨Ä‡bi ci¯úi cwieZ©b NU‡j Zv‡K aŸwb wech©q e‡j| ‡hgb: RvcvwbÑ wiK&mv  evsjvÑ
wim&Kv; Abyiƒc:Ñ wckvP  wcPvk, jvd  dvj BZ¨vw`|
 dvêyb > dv¸b - aŸwb cwieZ©‡bi †Kvb cÖwµqv GLv‡b Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q ?  AšÍn©wZ
 c‡ii B Kvi ev D Kvi Av‡M D”PvwiZ nIqvi ixwZ‡K wK e‡j ?  AwcwbwnwZ
www.swapno.in
287
 `ywU mge‡Y©i GKwUi cwieZ©i‡K ejv nq-  welgxfeb
 GKB ¯^‡ii cyiive„wË bv K‡i gvSLv‡b ¯îaŸwb hy³ nq Zv‡K wK e‡j ?  AmgxKiY
 c~e© aŸwbi cÖfv‡e cieZ©x aŸwbi cwieZ©b NU‡j ZvK wK e‡j ?  cÖMZ mgxfeb
 Avï-AvDk GwU aŸwb cwieZ©‡bi †Kvb wbq‡gi D`vniY ?  AcwbwnwZ
 evKm-evmK nIqvi ixwZ‡K ejv nq-  aŸwb wech©q
 jvd-dvj †Kvb ai‡bi aŸwb cwieZ©‡bi `„óvšÍ-  aŸwb wech©q
 Zr+wnZ-Zw×Z †Kvb aŸwb cwieZ©b cÖwµqv-  mgxfeb
 ‡cvZ©ywMR ÔAvbvimÕ evsjvq ÔAvbvimÕ-GwU Kx ai‡bi cwieZ©b ?  aŸwbZvwË¡K
mwÜ
in
cÖkœ DËi
o.
 Anin k‡ãi mwÜ we‡”Q` †KvbwU ?  Ant + An
 cvkvcvwk `yBwU aŸwbi wgjb‡K wK e‡j ?  mwÜ
 mwÜ mn‡hv‡M MwVZ ï× kã †KvbwU ?

n e„n`sk
ap

Z_¨ †hvM: e„nr + Ask = e„n`sk|

 Ôg„b¥qÕ k‡ãi mwÜ we‡”Q`-  g„r + gq
w
 ‡KvbwU mwVK mwÜ we‡”Q` ?  mg& + Pq = mÂq
 mwVK mwÜ we‡”Q` †KvbwU ?  lU& + Avbb = lovbb

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Z_¨ †hvM: cZÄwj = cZr + AÄwj - wbcvZ‡b wm× e¨ÄbmwÜ| AšÍjx©b = AšÍt + jxb - wemM©mwÜ|
Z‰_eP = Z_v + Ge + P - ¯îmwÜ|
w
 ÔwbôvÕ k‡ãi mwVK mwÜ we‡”Q` †KvbwU ?  wbt + Vv

w
 mwÜ-Gi mwÜ we‡”Q` Kx ?  mg + wa

 wbcvZ‡b wm× mwÜ †KvbwU ?  ci + ci = ci¯úi
w
 ‡KvbwU ÒGÏyiÓ Gi mwÜ we‡”Q` ?  GZ + `yi
 mwÜ we‡”Q` Kiæb; Ôwe`¨vjqÕ|  we`¨v + Avjq
 Ôeb¯úwZÕ k‡ãi mwÜ we‡”Q` †KvbwU ?  ebt + cwZ
 ÔbvqKÕ Gi mwÜ we‡”Q` †KvbwU ?  ‰b+ AK
 ÒeR©bÓ Gi mwÜ we‡”Q` †KvbwU ?  e„R + Ab
 ÒcweÎÓ k‡ãi mwÜ we‡”Q` †KvbwU ?  ‡cv + BÎ

 Ògv_vqÓ kãwUi mwVK mwÜ we‡”Q` †KvbwU ?  gv_v + G
 Ôgb¯ÍvcÕ-Gi mwÜ we‡”Q`  gbt + Zvc
 mwÜ we‡”Q` Kiæb: ÔwbiewaÕ|  wbi + Aewa
 ÔloFZzÕ k‡ãi mwVK mwÜ we‡”Q`  lU& + FZz
www.swapno.in
 †KvbwU mwVK mwÜ we‡”Q` ?  mg + Pq = mÂq
Z_¨ †hvM: ivÁx = ivR + bx; kqb = ‡k + Ab; gbtKó = gbt + Kó|
 bvweK Gi mwÜ we‡”Q` †KvbwU ?  ‡bŠ + BK
Z_¨ †hvM: GiKg AviI wKQy mwÜ we‡”Q` t
†cŠ + AK = cveK †k + Ab = kqb †jv + Ab = jeY †Mv + GlYv = M‡elYv
†fŠ + DK = fveyK ˆb + AK = bvqK †cv + Ab = ceb †Mv + Avw` = Mevw`
†b + Ab = bqb ˆM + AK = MvqK †cv + BÎ = cweÎ †Mv + aywj = †Mvaywj
 ‡KvbwU ï×-  M½v + Ewg© = M‡½vwg©
Z_¨ †hvM: giæ + D`¨vb = giƒ`¨vb; cwi + Cÿv = cixÿv; cÖwZ + Dl = cÖZ‚¨l|
 ÔcÖvZivkÕ kãwUi mwÜ we‡”Q` ‡KvbwU ? cÖvZt + Avk
in

 ÔmwÜÕ e¨vKi‡Yi ‡Kvb As‡k Av‡jvwPZ nq?  aŸwbZ‡Ë¡

 Ô¯^vaxbÕ kãwUi mwÜ- we‡”Q` †KvbwU ?
o.
 ¯^ + Aaxb
 Ôbv¾vgvBÕ k‡ãi h_v_© mwÜ we‡”Q` †KvbwU ?  bvZ + RvgvB
 ÔwKbœiÕ k‡ãi mwÜ we‡”Q` n‡jv- n  wKg + bi
Z_¨ †hvM: e¨Äb aŸwbi Av‡M ev c‡i ¯î A_ev e¨Äb †h †Kv‡bv aŸwb mshy³ n‡q †h mwÜ mvwaZ nq Zv‡K e¨Äb mwÜ
ap
e‡j| ‡hgb: wKbœi = wKg& + bi, MšÍe¨ = Mg& + Ze¨ BZ¨vw`|
 mwÜ we‡”Q` Kiæb: ÔbivagÕ  bi + Aag
w
Z_¨ †hvM: ¯îaŸwbi mv‡_ ¯îaŸwb wg‡j †h mwÜ nq Zv‡K ¯îmwÜ e‡j|
‡hgb: bivag = bi + Aag; cvcvPvi = cvc + AvPvi; b‡ivËg = bi + DËg BZ¨vw`|
.s
 ÔlôÕ Gi mwÜÑwe‡”Q` †KvbwU? ll& + _
 Ô`y‡h©vMÕÑ Gi mwÜ we‡”Q` †KvbwU?  `yt + ‡hvM

w
 mwÜ we‡”Q` Kiæb- ÔmsmviÕ|  mg + mvi

w
 ÔM‡elYvÕ k‡ãi mwVK mwÜ we‡”Q` †KvbwU ?  ‡Mv + GlYv
 ÔivbœvÕ k‡ãi mwÜ we‡”Q` †KvbwU ?  iuva + bv

w
 Ôh`¨wcÕ Gi mwÜwe‡”Q` wK ?  hw` + Awc

Z_¨ †hvM: h`¨wc = hw` + Awc| GwU ¯îmwÜi gva¨‡g MwVZ kã|
 ÔPZz®ú`Õ k‡ãi mwÜ we‡”Q` †KvbwU?  PZy t + c`
 mwÜi cÖavb myweav wK ?  D”Pvi‡Yi myweav

 ÔeK + K”Qc = eK”QcÕ- GB ixwZ‡Z MwVZ kã‡K  mwÜe× kã e‡j
 RvwZ + Awfgvb =  RvZ¨wfgvb
Z_¨ †hvM: Zrmg mwÜi wbqgvbymv‡i ÔRvZ¨wfgvbÕ n‡e| A‡b‡KB fzjfv‡e ÔRvZ¨vwfgvbÕ wj‡L _v‡Kb|
 fvM¨ Gi mwÜ we‡”Q`-  fR + M
 Z¯‹i kãwUi mwÜ we‡”Q`-  Zr + Kvi
 ‡Kvb mwÜ we‡”Q`wU fzj ?  `y + †jvK = `y¨‡jvK
www.swapno.in
Z_¨ †hvM: Ô`y¨‡jvKÕ kãwU wbcvZ‡b wm× mvwaZ kã| hvi ï×iƒc Ôwè& + †jvK = `y¨‡jvKÕ| e¨vKi‡Yi mvaviY ev
we‡kl †Kv‡bv wbqgvbymv‡iB hLb †Kv‡bv Kg© e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq bv, A_P msNwUZ nq, ZLb †mB e¨wZµg‡K êaZv
‡`qvi bvg wbcvZ‡b wm× mwÜ| †hgb: Kzj + AUv = KzjUv, eb + cwZ = eb¯úwZ BZ¨vw`|
 ÔAZ¨šÍÕ Gi mwÜ we‡”Q` †KvbwU ?  AwZ + AšÍ
 mwÜ we‡”Q` Kiæb : Ôm~‡h©v`qÕ ?  m~h© + D`q
Z_¨ †hvM: A-Kvi A_ev Av-Kv‡ii ci D-Kvi wKsev E-Kvi _vK‡j Dfq wg‡j I-Kvi c~e©eZ©x e¨Ä‡b hy³ nq| †hgb:
m~h© t D`q = m~‡h©v`q, h_v + DwPZ = h‡_vwPZ BZ¨vw`|
 mwÜ we‡”Q` Kiæb: ÔwcÎvjqÕ  wcZ… + Avjq
 †KvbwU‡K mwÜi msÁv ejv nq ?  aŸwb‡Z aŸwb‡Z wgj‡K
Z_¨ †hvM: cvkvcvwk `ywU aŸwbi wgj‡bi bvg mwÜ| A_©vr aŸwb‡Z aŸwb‡Z wgj‡K mwÜ e‡j|
in
 ‡KvbwU mwÜi wbcvZ‡b wm× n‡q‡Q?  Mevÿ
o.
Z_¨ †hvM: KZ¸‡jv mwÜ †Kv‡bv wbqg Abymv‡i nq bv, G¸‡jv‡K wbcvZ‡b wm× mwÜ e‡j| †hgb: †Mv + Aÿ = Mevÿ,
Giƒc KzjUv, Ab¨vb¨, gvZ©Ð, e„n¯úwZ, eb¯úwZ, ci¯úi BZ¨vw`|
n
DcmM©
ap
Dcm‡M©i wbR¯^ A_©evPKZv †bB, wKš‘ A_©‡`¨vZKZv Av‡Q|
evsjv DcmM©-21wU| h_v: A, ANv, AR, Abv, Av, Avo, Avb, Ave, BwZ, Eb, K`, Kz, wb, cvwZ, we, fi, ivg, m, mv, my, nv|
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Zrmg DcmM©-20wU| h_v: cÖ, civ, Ac, mg, wb, Aby, Ae, wbi, `yi, we, Awa, my, Dr, cwi, cÖwZ, AwZ, Awc, Awf, Dc, Av|
.s
dviwm DcmM© - Kvi, ì, bv, wbg, wd, e`, †e, ei, e, Kg|
Aviwe DcmM© - Avg, Lvm, jv, Mi|
w
cÖkœ DËi
 DcmM©hy³ kã †KvbwU ?  K`‡ej
w
 wb‡Pi †KvbwU ÔDcÕ DcmM© ÔAcÖavbÕ A‡_© cÖhy³ n‡q‡Q ?  Dcfvlv
 kã ev avZzi c~‡e© †h me kãvsk hy³ n‡q bZzb kã MVb K‡i Hme kãvsk‡K e‡j  DcmM©
w
 we‡`kx DcmM© †KvbwU ?  Mi

 ‡KvbwU DcmM© bq ?  Avwg
 wK‡mi cÖfv‡e A_© msKzwPZ, m¤úªmvwiZ I cwiewZ©Z nq ?  DcmM©
 cÖ, civ, Ac †Kvb ai‡bi DcmM© ?  ms¯‹…Z DcmM©
 LuvwU evsjv DcmM© KqwU ?  21wU
 Dcm‡M©i m‡½ cÖZ¨‡qi cv_©K¨ †Kv_vq ?  DcmM© k‡ãi cÖ_‡g Ges cÖZ¨q k‡ãi c‡i hy³ nq|
 ÔAcgvbÕ kãwU‡Z ÔAcÕ DcmM©wU †Kvb A‡_© eëüZ n‡q‡Q ?  wecixZ
 wePiY k‡ã we DcmM©wU wK A‡_© eëüZ n‡q‡Q ?  MwZ
 ‡KvbwU LuvwU evsjv DcmM© ?  AR
www.swapno.in
 Ô‡m jvcvËvÕ- GLv‡b ÔjvÕ DcmM©wU †Kvb fvlvi ?  Aviwe
 ms¯‹…Z Dcm‡M©i msL¨v KqwU ?  KzwowU
 Zzwg bv e‡jwQ‡j AvMvgxKvj Avm‡e? GLv‡b ÔbvÕ-Gi eënvi wK A‡_© ?  cÖkœ‡evaK

 ÔKg©‡fvM Gov‡bv hvq bvÕ- GLv‡b Kg© †Kvb A_© cÖKvk K‡i‡Q ?  K…ZKg©
 ÔAcÕ DcmM©wU ÔAcKg©Õ k‡ã †Kvb A‡_© eëüZ n‡q‡Q ?  wbK„ó
 wb‡Pi †Kvb k‡ã ms¯‹…Z DcmM© eëüZ n‡q‡Q ?  Acgvb
 ÔDcÕ-‡hv‡M MwVZ wb‡Pi †Kvb k‡ã ÔDcÕ ÿz`ª A‡_© eëüZ n‡q‡Q ?  DcmvMi
 ÔwbgivwRÕ k‡ãi ÔwbgÕ DcmM© wK A_© wb‡`©k K‡i ?  Kg
 ‡KvbwU †Rvov kã MV‡b mnvqZv K‡i ?  DcmM© I AbymM©
 wbe„wË kãwUi wb ‡Kvb cÖKvi DcmM© ?  Zrmg
 
in
‡KvbwU evsjv DcmM© ? Abv
 Aviwe fvlvi †Kvb DcmM©wU evsjvq eëüZ nq ?  jv
o.
 Ô‡mZviÕ-Gi Ô‡mÕ †Kvb A‡_© †`¨vZbv K‡i ?  A‡bK
 ‡Kvb k‡ã dviwm DcmM© Av‡Q ?  ‡eZvi


AwPb k‡ãi A DcmM©wU †Kvb A‡_© eëüZ ?
evsjv fvlvq eëüZ Zrmg Dcm‡M©i msL¨v KZ ?
n 

bT_©K
20wU
ap
 cÖ, civ, Ac-  ms¯‹…Z DcmM©
 Ac Kx ai‡bi DcmM© ?  ms¯‹…Z
w
 jvcvR k‡ãi jv DcmM©wU evsjv fvlvq G‡m‡Q †Kvb fvlv †_‡K-  Aviwe fvlv †_‡K
 ‡Kvb k‡ã we‡`wk DcmM© eëüZ n‡q‡Q ?  wbgivRx
.s
w
evK¨ I evK¨ ïw×

 wb‡Pi †Kvb eY©bvwU mwVK ?
w
 cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³ wb‡Ri †P‡q mvaviY ¯^v_© mgybZ

œ ivL‡e|
w
 ÔmyLx gvbyl m~‡h©v`‡q Avbw›`Z nq Ges ivwÎi AvMg‡b cyjwKZ n‡q _v‡K|Õ- †Kvb ai‡bi evK¨ ?
 ‡hŠwMK
Z_¨ †hvM: †hŠwMK evK¨ : ci¯úi wbi‡cÿ `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK mij ev RwUj evK¨ †Kvb Ae¨q Øviv mshy³ n‡q GKwU c~Y©
evK¨ MVb Ki‡j Zv‡K †hŠwMK evK¨ e‡j| †hŠwMK ev‡Kï AšÍM©Z wbi‡cÿ evK¨¸‡jv ÔGes, I, wKš‘, A_ev,
A_PÕ cÖf…wZ Ae¨q †hv‡M mshy³ _v‡K|
 ÔLuvwU †mvbvi PvB‡Z LuvwU, Avgvi †`‡ki gvwUÕ| GwU †Kvb ai‡bi evK¨ ?  RwUj evK¨
 ÔZvi eqm †e‡o‡Q, wKš‘ eyw× ev‡owbÕ- GwU †Kvb ai‡bi evK¨ ?  ‡hŠwMK evK¨
Z_¨ †hvM: ci¯úi wbi‡cÿ `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK mij ev wgkÖ evK¨ wgwjZ n‡q GKwU m¤ú~Y© evK¨ MVb Ki‡j Zv‡K †hŠwMK
evK¨ e‡j| †hgb: ÔZvi eqm †e‡o‡Q wKš‘ eyw× ev‡owbÕ|
 Ôgv wQj bv e‡j †KD Zvi Pzj †e‡a †`qwb|Õ GwU GKwU ?  mij evK¨
www.swapno.in
 ÔmKj wkÿKMY AvR Dcw¯’ZÕÑ evK¨wU †Kvb †`v‡l `yó ?  evûj¨ †`v‡l
 wb‡Pi †Kvb evK¨wU ï× ?  wZwb †Zvgvi weiæ‡× mvÿ¨ w`‡jb
 ‡KvbwU ï× evK¨ ?  nvmvb Avgvi åvZz®úyÎ

 ev‡Kï ÿy`ªZg GKK †KvbwU ?  kã
 evK¨ KZ cÖKvi ?  wZb cÖKvi
 ï× evK¨wU ‡KvbwU ?  weØvb e¨w³MY `wi`ªZvi ¯^xKvi nb

 ÔhLb †Zvgvi nv‡Z UvKv n‡e, ZLb Avgv‡K wÌÕ-‡Kvb ai‡bi evK¨ ?  mij I †hŠwMK|
 Ô‡jvKwU abx wKš‘ K…cYÕ- †Kvb ai‡bi evK¨ ?  ‡hŠwMK
Z_¨ †hvM: ‡hŠwMK ev‡Kï wbi‡cÿ evK¨¸‡jv Ae¨q (Ges, I, Avi, wKš‘, A_ev, wKsev, A_P, eis) mshy³ _v‡K|
in
 ‡Kvb evK¨wU ï× ?  wZwb †Zvgvi weiæ‡× mvÿ¨ w`‡jb
 Ôhw` mZ¨ ej, Zvn‡j gyw³ cv‡eÕÑGwU †Kvb ai‡bi evK¨?  wgkÖ evK¨
o.
 ‡Kvb evK¨wU ï× ?  mgy`q cÿxB bxo euv‡a bv
 ‡KvbwU ï× evK¨ ?  Ab¨v‡qi cÖwZdj Awbevh©
 ÔmKj AnsKvi †n Avgvi WzevI †Pv‡Li R‡j|Õ -evK¨wU

n
 Ô‡hB Zvi `k©b †cjvg, †mB Avgiv cÖ¯’vb KijvgÕ Ñ†Kvb RvZxq evK¨?  wgkÖ evK¨
 mij
ap
 evK¨ nIqvi cÖ‡qvRbxq êwkó¨  AvmwË
 ÔmywkwÿZ †jvK gvÎB ¯^wkwÿZÕ- GwU †Kvb ai‡Yi evK¨ ?  mij

w
 ev‡Kï †gŠwjK Dcv`vb wK ?  kã
 fvlvi AccÖ‡qvM Av‡Q †h ev‡K¨  wZwb Avgvi eBwU cÖKvwkZ K‡i‡Qb

.s
 Ai‡Y¨ †iv`b bv e‡j e‡b µ›`b ej‡j evK¨wU wK nviv‡e?  ‡hvM¨Zv

 wb‡¤œi †Kvb evK¨wU mwVK ?  Avgvi K_vB cÖgvwYZ n‡jv
w
 wb‡Pi †Kvb evK¨wU ï×?  wZwb ¸YxRb; m¤§vb Zuvi cÖvc¨|

 wb‡`©kvZ¥K evK¨ †KvbwU?  GLvb †_‡K hvI
w
 Ô‡K †Kv_v nB‡Z kã Kwi‡Z‡Q ZvnvI Rvwbevi Dcvq bvB|Õ-†Kvb †kÖYxi evK¨?  RwUj
w
 ÔZzwg Avm‡e e‡j Avwg A‡cÿv KiwQ|Õ -†Kvb ai‡bi evK¨ ?  RwUj
mgvm
mgvm : ci¯úi A_©m½wZ I m¤^Ü wewkó `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK c‡ì GK c‡` cwiYZ nIqv‡K mgvm e‡j|
mgm¨gvb c` : †h †h c‡` mgvm nq Zv‡ì cÖ‡ZKwU‡K mgm¨gvb c` e‡j|
e¨vmevK¨ : mg¯Í c`‡K †f‡½ †h evK¨vsk cvIqv hvq - e¨vmevK¨|
mg¯Íc` : c~e©c` I cic` ev DËic` Gi mgš^‡q MwVZ| mgvm wb®úbœ c`wU - mg¯Í c`|
c~e©c` : mg¯Í c‡ì cÖ_g Ask/kã‡K c~e©c` e‡j A_©vr mgm¨gvb c`B c~e©c`|
cic`/DËi c` : mg¯Í c‡ì †kl Ask/kã‡K cic` ev DËic` e‡j|
www.swapno.in
cÖkœ DËi
 wb‡Pi †KvbwU Dcc` Zrcyiæl mgvm ? wcÖqse`v


 ‡h †h c‡` mgvm nq Zv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K wK c` e‡j ?  mgm¨gvb c`
Z_¨ †hvM: ci¯úi A_©m½wZ I m¤^Ü wewkó `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK c‡ì GK c‡` cwiYZ nIqv‡K mgvm e‡j| †h †h c‡`
mgvm nq Zv‡ì cÖ‡ZKwU‡K mgm¨gvb c` e‡j|
 Ò‡mvbvgyLÓ Ô‡mvbvZzj¨ gyLÕ †Kvb mgvm ?  DcwgZ Kg©aviq mgvm
 ‡KvbwU ÔAjyK Ø›ØÕ mgv‡mi D`vniY Ñ  N‡i-evB‡i
 ÔAvg-Kzov‡bvÕ †Kvb mgvm ?  2qv Zrcyiæl
 ‡Kvb mgv‡m e¨vm evK¨ nq bv ?  wbZ¨ mgvm
in
 ÔAmyLÕ †Kvb mgvm ?  Zrcyiæl
Z_¨ †hvM: cic‡ì cÖvavb¨ †i‡L bT Ae¨q (b, bv, †bB, bq, bvB BZ¨vw`) c~‡e© e‡m †h Zrcyiæl mgvm nq Zv‡K bT
o.
Zrcyiæl mgvm e‡j| AmyL - b myL|
 gyL P‡›`ªi b¨vq = P›`ªgyL-GwU †Kvb ai‡bi Kg©aviq mgvm ?
n  DcwgZ
 ev‡N-gwn‡l GK Nv‡U Rj Lvq| GLv‡b ev‡N-gwn‡l †Kvb ai‡bi KZ©v ? e¨vwZnvi
ap
 Ôeyjeywj‡Z avb †L‡q‡QÕ ev‡K¨ wb¤œ‡iL kãwU †Kvb Kvi‡K †Kvb wefw³ ?  KZ©vq 7gx
 ÔPZz¯ú`Õ †Kvb mgvm ?  eûeªxwn mgvm
w
 ÔMv‡q njy`Õ †Kvb mgvm ?  eûeªxwn/ AjyK eûeªxwn

.s
 ÔAcqvÕ †Kvb mgvm ?  Zrcyiæl mgvm

 Ô‡gŠgvwQÕ †Kvb mgvm ?  Kg©aviq
w
 Ômßwl©Õ kãwU †Kvb mgvm ?  wØ¸ mgvm
 Zrcyiæl mgv‡m †Kvb c` cÖavb ?  cic`

w
 K…`šÍ c‡ì mv‡_ Dcc‡ì †h mgvm nq Zvi bvg Kx? Dcc` Zrcyiæl

w
 wµqvi cvi¯úwiK A‡_© †Kvb eûeªxwn mgvm nq ?  e¨wZnvi
 msL¨vevPK k‡ãi m‡½ we‡kl¨ c‡ì †h mgvm nq Zvi bvg Kx?wØ¸

 wb‡Pi †KvbwU iƒcK mgv‡mi D`vniY bq ?  ‡gvgevwZ
 ÔPuv`gyLÕ Gi e¨vm evK¨ n‡jv-  Puv‡ì gZ gyL

 ‡Kvb kã eûeªxwn mgv‡m wb®úbœ ?  exYvcvwY
 mgv‡mi ixwZ †Kvb fvlv †_‡K AvMZ ?  ms¯‹…Z
 wb‡Pi †KvbwU eûeªxwn mgvm ?  nvZvnvwZ

 †KvbwU Ae¨qxfve mgv‡mi D`vniY ?  AbyMgb
 Abvì - Gi mwVK e¨vmevK¨ †KvbwU ?  b Avì
Z_¨ †hvM: Abvì- kãwU LuvwU evsjv DcmM© †hv‡M MwVZ|
www.swapno.in
 ivRwl© Gi e¨vmevK¨ †KvbwU ?  whwb ivRv wZwbB Fwl
 gbgvwSÑGi mwVK e¨vmevK¨ †KvbwU ?  gb iƒc gvwS
Z_¨ †hvM: gbgvwS = gb iƒc gvwS| GwU iƒcK Kg©aviq mgvm|
 kke¨¯Í †Kvb mgvm ?  Kg©aviq
 mgvm I KviK e¨vKi‡Yi †Kvb As‡k Av‡jvwPZ nq ?  iƒc Z‡Ë¡

 wØ¸ mgv‡mi D`vniY †KvbwU ?  `y + K…wZ
Z_¨ †hvM: c~e©c‡` msL¨vevPK c` I DËic‡` we‡kl¨ evPK c‡` †h mgvm nq Zv‡K wØ¸ mgvm e‡j| wØ¸ mgvm Øviv
mgwó ev mgvnvi †evSvq|
 AjyK Ø›Ø mgv‡mi D`vniY †KvbwU ?  gv‡q wS‡q
Z_¨ †hvM: ‡h Ø›Ø mgv‡m mgm¨gvb c‡ì wefw³ mg¯Íc‡` Aÿzbœ _v‡K Zv‡K AjyK Ø›Ø mgvm e‡j|
in
 wb‡Pi †KvbwU iƒcK Kg©aviq mgv‡mi D`vniY ?  gbgvwS
Z_¨ †hvM: iƒcK Kg©aviq mgvm: †hLv‡b Dc‡gq I Dcgvb c‡` mgvm nq Ges Df‡qi g‡a¨ A‡f` Kíbv Kiv nq|
o.
Z‡e icK Kg©aviq mgv‡mi mg¯Íc‡ì c~e©c`wU mvaviYZ †Kvb e¯‘ nq bv| †hgb: gbgvwS = gb iƒc gvwS,
P›`ªgyL = P›`ª iƒc gyL, RxebcÖ`xc = Rxeb iƒc cÖ`xc|
 Ôbxj †h AvKvk = bxjvKvkÕ †Kvb mgvm ? n  Kg©aviq
ap
 ‡KvbwU Ø›Ø mgv‡mi D`vniY ?  fvB‡evb
Z_¨ †hvM: e¨wZnvi eûweªnx- KvbvKvwb| fvB I ‡evb fvB‡evb-Ø›Ø mgvm|

 ‡KvbwU e¨wZnvi eûeªxwn mgv‡mi D`vniY ?  KvbvKvwb
w
Z_¨ †hvM: wµqvi cvi¯úwiK A‡_© e¨wZnvi eûeªxwn mgvm nq| †hgb: nv‡Z nv‡Z †h hy× = nvZvnvwZ, Kv‡b Kv‡b ‡h K_v = KvbvKvwb|
 ÔwmsncyiælÕ †Kvb mgvm?  DcwgZ Kg©aviq
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Z_¨ †hvM: mvaviY ¸‡Yi D‡jøL bv K‡i Dc‡gq c‡ì m‡½ Dcgv‡bi †h mgvm nq Zv‡K DcwgZ Kg©aviq mgvm e‡j|
w
†hgb: wmsncyiæl- cyiæl wms‡ni b¨vq|

 Ô‡gŠgvwQÕÑ †Kvb mgvm ? Kg©aviq mgvm

w
Z_¨ †hvM: ‡gŠ msMÖnKvix gvwQ = †gŠgvwQ (ga¨c`‡jvcx Kg©aviq mgvm)|

 ‡KvbwU iƒcK mgvm bq ?  evûjZv
w
Z_¨ †hvM: evû jZvi b¨vq = evûjZv (DcwgZ Kg©aviq)|

 Ô`yB Ges beŸBÕ = weivbeŸBÕ †Kvb ai‡bi mgv‡mi D`vniY?  wbZ¨ mgvm
Z_¨ †hvM: ‡h mgv‡m mgm¨gvb c`¸‡jv wbZ¨ mgvme× _v‡K, e¨vmev‡Kï ìKvi nq bv, Zv‡K wbZ¨ mgvm e‡j|
†hgb: Ab¨MÖvg = MÖvgvšÍi, `yB Ges beŸB= weivbeŸB|
 Ô‡MuvdÑ†LRy‡i †Kvb mgvm ?  ga¨c`‡jvcx eûeªxwn
Z_¨ †hvM: ‡Muv‡d †LRyi c‡o _vK‡jI Lvq bv †h = †MuvdÑ‡LRy‡o (Ajm †jvK)|
 ‡KvbwU Zrcyiæl mgvm ?  gayygvLv
 ‡KvbwU wØ¸ mgvm?  mßvn
 ‡KvbwU wbZ¨ mgv‡mi mg¯Íc`?  MÖvgvšÍi
 ÔmsL¨vevPK k‡ãi mv‡_ we‡kl¨ c‡ì ‡h mgvm nq, Zv‡K Kx mgvm e‡j?  wØ¸
 ÔbevbœÕ kãwU †Kvb cÖwµqvq MwVZ?  mgvm
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 ‡KvbwU AjyK Zrcyiæl mgv‡mi D`vniY ?  K‡j QuvUv
 ÔcÂb`Õ Ñ †Kvb mgvm ?  wØ¸
 Ônvfv‡ZÕ †Kvb mgvm ?  Ae¨qxfve
 ÔwmsnvmbÕ kãwU †Kvb mgvm?  ga¨c`‡jvcx Kg©avivq

Z_¨ †hvM: ‡h mgv‡m mgvme× c`wUi †h iƒc Zv‡Z e¨vmev‡Kï g‡a¨ e¨vL¨vg~jK c`¸wj _v‡K bv Zv‡K ga¨c`‡jvcx
Kg©aviq mgvm e‡j| wmsnvmb = wmsn wPwýZ †h Avmb| cÖxwZ †fvR - cÖxwZ Dcj‡ÿ †fvR|
 ÔmZx_©Õ mgvme× c‡ì e¨vmevK¨  mgvb Zx_© hvi
 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mgv_©K Ø›Ø mgv‡mi `„óvšÍ bq?  ‡jb‡`b
 mgvm fvlv‡K  mswÿß K‡i/ ms‡ÿc K‡i
in
 m¤úwË †Kvb mgv‡mi D`vniY ?  Ø›Ø
 eûeªxwni `„óvšÍ  ‡e‡nW
o.
 ÔPz‡j-KuvUvÕ †hŠwMK c`wU †Kvb mgv‡m wb®úbœ?  AjyK Zrcyiæl
 Ô‡èZvi ab †K hvq wdiv‡q j‡qÕ-G ev‡K¨ Ô‡èZviÕ c`wU -  KZ©vq lôx


ÔwbtmnvqÕ - kãwU †Kvb mgvm?
mgvm MwVZ kã
n 

eûeªxwn
bicy½i
ap
 ga¨c`‡jvcx Kg©avivq mgv‡mi `„óvšÍ-  nvwmgvLv gyL-nvwmgyL
 cÖZ¨ÿ e¯‘i mv‡_ c‡ivÿ †Kvb e¯‘i Zzjbv Ki‡j cÖZ¨ÿ e¯‘wU‡K ejv nq?  Dc‡gq
w
 ‡h mgv‡mi c~e©c` msL¨vevPK Ges mg¯Í c‡ì Øviv mgvnvi †evSvq Zv‡K e‡j?  wØ¸ mgvm
 kZvwã †Kvb mgvm ?  wØ¸ mgvm
.s
 jvVvjvwV †Kvb mgvm ?  e¨wZnvi eûeªxwn mgvm

 ‡h mgv‡mi e¨vmevK¨ nq bv wKsev Zv Ki‡Z †M‡j Ab¨ c‡ì mvnvh¨  wbZ¨ mgvm
w
wb‡Z nq Zv‡K wK e‡j ?
ePb
w
cÖkœ DËi
w
 ePb A_© wK?  msL¨vi aviYv

 wb‡Pi †KvbwU eûePbÁvcK kã bq ?  dj
 wb‡Pi †Kvb kã eûePbÁvcK ?  ejvKv
 ÔmKj QvÎivB h_vmg‡q Dcw¯’Z n‡q‡Q|Õ-- evK¨wU‡Z wK ai‡Yi fzj Av‡Q ?  ePb
 wb‡Pi †KvbwU eûePb evPK kã bq?  dzj
 wb‡Pi †KvbwU GKePb Gi `„óvšÍ bq?  e‡ov e‡ov MvQ
 wb‡Pi †KvbwU eûePb wb‡`©kK kã bq?  Rb
 wb‡Pi †KvbwU GKePb evPK wb‡`©kK?  Uv
 wb‡Pi †KvbwU eûePb evPK kã?  iPbvewj
 wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡Z eû eP‡bi AccÖ‡qvM N‡U‡Q?  mKj cwÐ‡Ziv AnsKvix nb bv
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 mv‡ne k‡ãi eûePb †KvbwU?  mv‡nevb
 mKj wbe©vPK‡K mgwóMZfv‡e ejv nq?  wbe©vPK gÛjx
 †Kvb wØiæ³ kã `ywU eû ePb ms‡KZ K‡i?  cvKv cvKv Avg
c` cÖKiY
wefw³hy³ kã‡K c` e‡j| c` cÖavbZ 2 cÖKvi: bvg c` I wµqv c`|
 (we‡kl¨ c`) ev‡K¨ wµqvc` wfbœ me c`B †hgbÑ (we‡kl¨, we‡klY, me©bvg Ae¨q) bvgc`|
 RvwZevPK we‡kl¨: gvbyl, Miæ, cvwL, ce©Z, b`x BZ¨vw`|
 e¯‘evPK we‡kl¨: LvZv, Kjg, _vjv, ewU BZ¨vw`|
in
 mgwóevPK we‡kl¨: mfv, RbZv, mwgwZ, wgwQj BZ¨vw`|
 fveevPK we‡kl¨: ‡fvRb, kqb, `k©b BZ¨vw`|
o.
 ¸bevPK we‡kl¨ : ‡mŠif, ¯^v¯’¨, †hŠeb, ZviæY¨ BZ¨vw`|
cÖkœ DËi
n
 ÔkZ waK! Rb¥f~wg iÿv‡nZz †K W‡i gwi‡Z?ÕÑGLv‡b ÔwaKÕ n‡jv; Ae¨q we‡klY
ap
 Ôwbkx_ iv‡Z evR‡Q euvwkÕ GLv‡b wbkx_ †Kvb c` ?  we‡klY
Z_¨ †hvM: †h c` Øviv Ab¨ c‡ì †`vl ¸Y, cwigvY, Ae¯’v, msL¨v BZ¨vw` †evSvq Zv‡K we‡klY c` e‡j| Òwbkx_ iv‡Z
evR‡Q euvwk|Ó ev‡K¨ Òwbkx_Ó kãwU Øviv ivZ Gi Ae¯’v‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| ZvB GwU we‡klY c`|
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 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mskq evPK Ae¨‡qi `„óvšÍ  bZzev
 mvay I PwjZ ixwZi cv_©K¨ m~wPZ nq/ mvayfvlv †_‡K PwjZ evsjvq wjL‡Z †Kvb c`hyM‡ji cwieZ©b N‡U
.s
 wµqvc` I me©bv‡g
 mvB‡ib ‡e‡R DVj| ‡e‡R DVj Kx ai‡bi wµqvc` ?  ‡hŠwMK

w
 cÖ_g cixÿv-GLv‡b cÖ_g kãwU Kx ai‡bi we‡klY ?  µgevPK

w
 wb‡Pi †KvbwU me©bvg ?  evjK

 A`¨, Av`¨vwc, bZzev-G¸‡jv Kx ?  Ae¨q
w
 bxj AvKv‡k mv`v †gN †f‡m †eovq- GLv‡b bxj †Kvb c`?  we‡klY
 ÒG †h Avgv‡ì †Pbv †jvKÓÑ ev‡K¨ Ô‡PbvÕ †Kvb c` ?  wµqv
 wb‡Pi †KvbwU wµqv c` ?  LvIqv
 ‡KvbwU we‡klY ?  mZZv
 ‡Kvb wKQzi bvg‡K e‡j  we‡kl¨
 evsjv fvlvq c` Kq cÖKvi ?  cuvP cÖKvi
 ÔjvRÕ ‡Kvb ai‡bi kã ?  we‡kl¨
 Ôcy‡Y¨ gwZ †nvKÕ ev‡K¨ c~Y¨ †Kvb cìƒ‡c eëüZ n‡q‡Q ? we‡kl¨
 ÔPvZzh©Õ k‡ãi we‡klY †KvbwU ?  PZzi
 ‡Kvb evsjv c‡ì mv‡_ mwÜ nq bv ?  Ae¨q
www.swapno.in
Z_¨ †hvM: Ae¨q: me©`v AcwiewZ©Z †_‡K KL‡bv KL‡bv ev‡Kï †kvfv e„w× K‡i| KL‡bv GKvwaK c‡ì ms‡hvM ev
ev‡Kï ms‡hvM I we‡qvM NUvq|
 Ô‡Q‡j †Zv bq †hb bbxi cyZzjÕ Ñ GLv‡b Ô‡hbÕ  Ae¨q
 ÔAYyÕ k‡ãi we‡klY †KvbwU ?  AvbweK
 wb‡Pi †Kvb kãwU we‡kl¨ ?  HK¨
 ‡KvbwU me©bvg c` ?  Zuviv
Z_¨ †hvM: we‡k‡lï cwie‡Z© me©bvg e‡m| †hgb: Zviv, Zvi, †m, wZwb|
 Òg‡š¿i mvab wKsev kixi cvZbÓ-GLv‡b ÔwKsevÕ Ae¨qwU †Kvb Ae¨q ?  we‡qvRK Ae¨q
 fvlvq me©bv‡gi eënv‡ii D‡Ïk¨ wK ?  we‡k‡lï cybive„wË `~i Kiv
 Ônvwm w`‡q NiwU‡K fwi‡q ivL‡Zv †m|Õ- evK¨wU‡Z Ôw`‡qÕ n‡jv:  Ae¨q
 ÔGZÿY Mv‡Qi Qvqvq emv gvbylwU †Kv_vq †Mj?Õ - ev‡Kï ÔGZÿY Mv‡Qi Qvqvq emvÕ AskwU  we‡klY ¯’vbxq
in
 Ô`k©bÕ we‡kl¨ c‡ì we‡klY-  `vk©wbK
o.
 ÔZzwg GZÿY Kx K‡iQ?Õ GB ev‡K¨ ÒKxÓ †Kvb c`?  me©bvg
 Ôe¨vNvZÕ - Gi we‡klY  e¨vnZ
 ÔAvKv‡k ïay bxj Avi bxjÕ-GB ev‡K¨ ÔAviÕ n‡”Q n  Ae¨q
ap
 Ô‡hgb Kg© †Zgb djÕ -evK¨wU wK?  mv‡cÿ me©bvg
 ‡hŠwMK we‡kl‡Yi D`vniY hy³ †QvU evK¨  cwÛZ R‡bvwPZ Dw³
 RvwZevPK we‡k‡lï `„óvšÍ-  b`x
w
 avZzi ci †Kvb cÖZ¨q hy³ K‡i fveevPK we‡kl¨ eySvq ?  AvB

 jvR †Kvb ai‡bi kã?  we‡kl¨
.s
 my›ì gv‡ÎiB GKUv AvKl©Y kw³ Av‡Q, GB ev‡K¨ my›ì kãwU †Kvb c`?  we‡kl¨
 wZbwU eQi GLv‡b ÔwZbwUÕ †Kvb c` ?  we‡klY
w
 ‡KvbwU we‡klY ev‡Kï kã?  Rxeb

 ÔB”QvÕ we‡k‡lï we‡klY wK?  Hw”QK
w
 ‡h c‡` ev‡Kï wµqv c`wUi ¸b, cÖK…wZ, ZxeªZv BZ¨vw` cÖK…wZMZ Ae¯’v †evSvq, Zv‡K e‡j ?  wµqv we‡klY
w
 ÔG gvwU †mvbvi evovÕ GLv‡b †mvbv †Kvb A‡_© eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q?  we‡kl‡Yi AwZkvqb
 ÔmÜ¨vÕ kãwUi we‡klYwU wb‡`©k Kiæb  mvÜ¨
 Zzwg GZÿY Kx K‡iQ? G ev‡K¨ Kx †Kvb c`?  me©bvg
 Ôgwigwi: wK my›ì cÖfv‡Zi iæcÕ ev‡K¨ gwigwi †Kvb †kÖYxi Ae¨q ?  Abš^qx Ae¨q
 Zzwg bv e‡jwQ‡j AvMvgxKvj Avm‡e? GLv‡b bv Gi eënvi wK A‡_©?  nüv evPK
 wfÿzKUv †h †cQ‡b †j‡MB i‡q‡Q, Kx wec`! GB ev‡Kï Kx Gi A_©  weiw³
 KL‡bv KL‡bv ev‡K¨ Dn¨ _vK‡Z cv‡i-  wµqvc`
 Ôevev evwo †bBÕ G ev‡K¨ †bB †Kvb c` ?  wµqv
 hv wKQz nvivq wMbœx e‡jb, †Kóv †eUvB †Pvi- GLv‡b nvivq †Kvb avZz?  cÖ‡hvR¨ avZz
 fvlvq me©bv‡gi eënv‡ii D‡Ïk¨ wK?  we‡k‡lï cybive„wË `yi Kiv
www.swapno.in
cÖK…wZ I cÖZ¨q
cÖkœ DËi
 ÔevK¨ÕÑGi cÖK…wZ-cÖZ¨q †KvbwU?  eP& + h

 Ôgva¨wgKÕ Gi cÖK…wZ cÖZ¨q †KvbwU ?  ga¨g + wòK
 ÔkÖeYÕ kãwUi cÖK…wZ I cÖZ¨q †KvbwU ?  kÖæ + Ab
 wµqvc‡ì g~j Ask‡K wK e‡j ?  avZz
 ÔMvqKÕ kãwUi mwVK cÖK…wZ cÖZ¨q †KvbwU?  ‰M + YK
 Ôgyw³Õ kãwUi mwVK cÖK…wZ cÖZ¨q †KvbwU?  gyP& + w³
 Ôm„wóÕ Gi cÖK…wZ cÖZ¨qÑ  m„R& + wZ
in
 ÔgvbeÕ k‡ãi cÖK…wZ I cÖZ¨q †KvbwU?  gby + ò
 avZy ev k‡ãi †k‡l cÖZ¨q †hvM Kivi D‡Ïk¨ Kx ?  bZzb kã MVb
o.
 ÔgwngvÕ k‡ãi cÖK…wZ I cÖZ¨q †KvbwU?  gnr + Bgb
 ÔbqbÕ kãwUi mwVK cÖZ¨q wbY©q Ñ  bx + Ab
 n
wb‡Pi †Kvb k‡ã cÖZ¨q ÔDcRxweKvÕ A‡_© eëüZ n‡q‡Q ? ‡g‡Qv
ap
 ÔDrKl©ZvÕ wK Kvi‡b Aï×?  cÖZ¨q RwbZ
 A_©nxbfv‡e cÖZ¨q hy³ kã †KvbwU ?  ‡jRy‡o

 cÖZ¨qMZfv‡e ï× †KvbwU?  DrK…óZv
w
 wb‡Pi †KvbwU K…r cÖZ¨‡qi D`vniY?  bvP + Ab

 avZz ev k‡ãi †k‡l cÖZ¨q hy³ Kivi D‡Ïk¨ Kx?  bZyb kã MVb
.s
 Ôdzj`vwbÕ k‡ãi Ô`vwbÕ-i fvwlK cwiPq -  kã cÖZ¨q
 cÖZ¨qvšÍ kã  cÖZ¨vkv
w
 Ôewa©òzÕ k‡ãi cÖK…wZ-cÖZ¨q  e„a& + Bòz

w
 h-cÖZ¨q‡hv‡M MwVZ kã †KvbwU ?  `vwi`ª¨
 wefw³nxb bvg kã‡K wK e‡j ?  cÖvwZcw`K

w
 Ô‡g‡QvÕ k‡ãi cÖK…wZ cÖZ¨q wK ?  gvQ+ Dqv-I
KviK I wefw³
cÖkœ DËi
 ÔAvgiv ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiKÕÑ GB ev‡K¨ evsjv‡`‡ki c`wU †Kvb Kvi‡K †Kvb wefw³ ? AwaKi‡Y lôx
 ÔAvgvi Mv‡bi gvjv Avwg Kie Kv‡i `vbÕÑ ev‡K¨ wb¤œ‡iL kãwU †Kvb Kvi‡K ‡Kvb wefw³?
 KiY Kvi‡K k~b¨ wefw³
 ÔwZ‡j ˆZj nqÕÑ G ev‡K¨ †Kvb Kvi‡K †Kvb wefw³ we`¨gvb?  Acv`vb Kvi‡K Z…Zxqv wefw³
www.swapno.in
 ÔAvR‡K †Zvgvq †`L‡Z Gjvg RMr Av‡jv b~iRvnvb|Õ- ÔAvR‡KÕ kãwUi KviK I wefw³ †KvbwU ?
 AwaKi‡Y 2qv
 Ô‡hLv‡b ev‡Ni fq †mLv‡b mÜ¨v nq|Õ evK¨wU‡Z Ôev‡NiÕ kãwUi KviK I wefw³ †KvbwU ?
 Acv`vb Kvi‡K 6ôx
Z_¨ †hvM: hv †_‡K fq Drcbœ nq Zv Acv`vb KviK|

 ÔKvb‡b Kzmyg Kwj mKwj dzwUjÕ-GB ev‡K¨ ÔKvb‡bÕ  AwaKi‡Y 7gx
 Ô`‡k wg‡j Kwi KvRÕ ev‡K¨ Ô`‡kÕ †Kvb Kvi‡K †Kvb wefw³ ? KZ…©Kvi‡K 7gx
Z_¨ †hvM: evK¨w¯’Z †h we‡kl¨ ev me©bvg c` wµqv m¤úbœ K‡i Zv‡K wµqvi KZ©v ev KZ…K
© viK ejv nq|
 ‡ejv †h c‡o G‡jv Rj‡K Pj| †Kvb Kvi‡K †Kvb wefw³?  wbwgËv‡_© 4_©x
†
 Ôcovq Avgvi gb e‡m bvÕ GLv‡b ÔcovqÕ †Kvb Kvi‡K †Kvb wefw³? AwaKiY Kvi‡K 7gx wefw³
in
Z_¨ †hvM: wµqv m¤úv`‡bi Kvj (mgq) Ges Avavi (¯’vb) †K AwaKiY KviK e‡j| AwaKiY KviK wZb cÖKviÑ
o.
KvjvwaKiY, AvavivwaKiY Ges fvevwaKiY|
 Ôdz‡j dz‡j Ni f‡i‡QÕ Ñ †Kvb Kvi‡K †Kvb wefw³?  Ki‡Y 7gx
n
Z_¨ †hvM: KZ©v hvi mvnv‡h¨ Kg© m¤úv`b K‡i Zv‡K KiY KviK e‡j| ÔKiYÕ kãwUi A_©Ñ hš¿, mnvqK ev Dcvq|
ev‡K¨ wK‡m, Kvi mvnv‡h¨ Øviv cÖ‡kœi DË‡i KiY KviK cvIqv hvq|
ap
 ÔAvwg wK WivB mwL wfLvwi ivN‡eÕÑ GLv‡b ÔivN‡eÕ  Acv`v‡b 7gx
Z_¨ †hvM: hv †_‡K wKQz wePz¨Z, M„nxZ, RvZ, weiZ, Avi¤¢, `~ixf~Z I iwÿZ nq Ges hv †`‡L †KD fxZ nq Zv‡K
w
Acv`vb KviK e‡j|

 ÔAvgvi Mv‡bi gvjv Avwg Kie Kv‡i `vb|Õ ÔKv‡iÕ †Kvb Kvi‡K ‡Kvb wefw³ ?  K‡g© mßgx
.s
 ÔUvKvq UvKv Av‡bÕ G ev‡K¨ ÔUvKvqÕ c`wU †Kvb Kvi‡K †Kvb wefw³ ? Acv`v‡b 7gx
 ÒKjmwU Kvbvq Kvbvq c~Y©Ó †Kvb Kvi‡K †Kvb wefw³ ?  fvevwaKi‡Y mßgx
w
 Ôcv‡c weiZ _v‡KvÕÑ‡Kvb Kvi‡K †Kvb wefw³?  Acv`vb Kvi‡K mßgx wefw³
 ÔWv³vi WvKÕ ---- †Kvb Kvi‡K †Kvb wefw³?  Kg©Kvi‡K k~b¨ wefw³
w
 KZ©v hv Øviv wµqv m¤úv`b K‡ib, Zv‡K e‡j-  KiY KviK

Z_¨ †hvM: KZ©v hv Øviv wµqv m¤úv`b K‡ib Zv‡K KiY KviK e‡j| †hgb: Avwg Kjg w`‡q wjwL|
w
 ÔKvb‡b Kzmyg Kwj mKwj dzwUjÕÑGB ev‡K¨ ÔKvb‡bÕ †Kvb KviK I wefw³ ?  AwaKi‡Y mßgx
 Ôe¸ovi wPwbcvZv `B my¯^v`y|Õ- evK¨wU‡Z ÔwPwbcvZvÕ †Kvb& KviK ? KiY
 mv`v †g‡N e„w× nq bv- GLv‡b †g‡N †Kvb KviK ?  Acv`vb
 wec‡` †gv‡i iÿv Ki- wec‡` †Kvb KviK ?  Acv`vb
 ÔivRvi `yqv‡i nvwZ euvavÕ `yqv‡i kãwU †Kvb KviK?  AwaKiY
 ÔAvKv‡k ‡Zv Avwg ivwL bvB †gvi Dwoevi BwZnvmÕ Ñ GB ev‡K¨ ÔAvKv‡kÕ kãwU †Kvb Kvi‡K †Kvb wefw³i
D`vniY?  AwaKiY Kvi‡K mßgx wefw³
www.swapno.in
evP¨
 ev‡Kï wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖKvk fw½‡K ejv nq ÔevP¨Õ| evP¨ cÖavbZ wZb cÖKvi: KZ©…evP¨, Kg©evP¨ I fveevP¨|
 †h ev‡K¨ KZ©vi A_© cÖvavb¨ iwÿZ nq Ges wµqvc` KZ©vi Abymvix nq, ZvB KZ…©evP¨| †hgb: mvwebv Mvb Mvq,
Avwg fvZ LvB|
 ‡h ev‡K¨ K‡g©i mv‡_ wµqvi m¤^Ü cÖavbfv‡e cÖKvwkZ nq Zv‡K Kg©evP¨ e‡j| ‡hgb my‡jgvb KZ…©K wgki wewRZ
nq, iÿx KZ…K © †PviwU a„Z n‡q‡Q|
 †h ev‡P¨ Kg© _v‡K bv Ges ev‡K¨ wµqvi A_©B we‡klfv‡e e¨³ nq Zv‡K fveevP¨ e‡j| †hgbÑ Avgvi hvIqv n‡e
bv, Avgvi LvIqv n‡e bv|
 †h c‡` Kg©c`B KZ…©Z¡¯’vbxq n‡q evK¨ MVb K‡i Zv‡K Kg©KZ…©evP¨ e‡j| †hgb: euvwk ev‡R, Mvox P‡j, dzj †dv‡U
in
BZ¨vw`
cÖkœ DËi
o.
 Ôevevi kixi Lvivc, †kvIqv nqwb|Õ - †Kvb evP¨ ?  fveevP¨
 ev‡Kï wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖKvk fw½‡K e‡j -  evP¨
 euvwk ev‡R H gayi jM‡b- GwU †Kvb ev‡Pï D`vniY ? n  Kg©-KZ…©evP¨
ap
evMaviv I cÖev`/cÖePb
w
mvaviY A‡_©i evB‡i hv wewkó A_¨ cÖKvk K‡i _v‡K Zv‡K evMaviv ev evM¦wewa e‡j| evMaviv ev evM¦wewa †Kvb kã ev
kãM‡”Qi we‡kl A_© cÖKvk K‡i| Bs‡iwR‡Z G‡ì‡K idiom e‡j|
.s
 A‡cvMÛ- (AKg©b¨/ AcÖvß eq¯‹)

 Aói¤¢v - (KvuPKjv/ dvuwK)
w
 AMZ¨v ga~m`b- (Ab‡b¨vcvq n‡q)

w
 Avgov MvwQ Kiv - (Ah_v cÖksmv Kiv)

 B›`ªcZb - (weL¨vZ e¨w³i g„Zz¨)
w
 GK jngvq - (GK gyn~Z©)

 Kjwg Kv‡ßb - (`wi`ª wKš‘ wejvmx)
 Pvcvb D‡Zvi - (cvi¯úwiK m‡›`n)
 ReoRs - (G‡jv‡g‡jv)
 Sv‡oes‡k - (memy×)
 ZqbvZ Kiv - (w¯’i Kiv)
 Uzc fzR½ - (†bkvq we‡fvo)
 aov-P~ov - (mvR †cvkvK)
 bvovey‡b - (g~L©)
 d‡Zv beve - (m¤^jnx‡bi eo‡jvwK fve)
www.swapno.in
 Kg‡bi Miæ - (‡h Aí cwikÖ‡g †ekx KvR K‡i)
 ‡gŠZvZ Pov‡bv - (†bkvKiv)
 g¨vI aiv - (`vwqZ¡ †bIqv)
 k¥kvb-‰eivM¨ - (mvgwqK êivM¨)
 m‡eab bxjgwb - GKgvÎ m¤ú`
 nvwZi Mjvq N›Uv - (eq¯‹ e‡ii evwjKv ea~)
 nvwc‡Z¨k - (e¨vKzj Kvgbv)|
cÖkœ DËi
 Ôa‡g©i lvoÕ evMavivwUi A_©  h‡_”Qvix
 ‡Kvb evMavivwUi A_© wfbœ ?  Av`vq-KvuPKjvq
in
Z_¨ †hvM: ÔAv`vq KuvPKjvqÕ A_© †Nvi kÎæZv| evwK evMaviv¸‡jvi (gwbKvÂb †hvM, †mvbvq †mvnvMv, Avg`y‡a †gkv)
A_© PgrKvi wgj|
o.
 Ôey‡ov kvwj‡Ki Nv‡o †ivuÕ cÖePbwU †evSvq-  ey‡ovi fxgiwZ
 Ôcv_‡i cuvP wKjÕ evMavivwUi A_©-  my‡Li mgq
 Ôweov‡ji AvovB cvÕ evMavivwUi A_© wK ? n  ‡envqvcbv
ap
 ÔDobPÐxÕ ej‡Z †evSvq ?  AwgZe¨qx
 ÔAvlv‡p MíÕ ej‡Z †evSvq-  AvR¸we Kvwnwb
 Ôj²xi eihvÎxÕ evMavivwUi A_©-  mymg‡qi eÜz
w
 ‡Kvb evMavivwUi A_© wfbœ ?  Qv-‡cvlv

Z_¨ †hvM: Qv-‡cvlv A_© AZ¨šÍ Mixe| Ab¨vb¨¸‡jvi(cÂZ¡ cÖvwß, AM¯Í¨ hvÎv, A°v cvIqv) A_© gviv hvIqv|
.s
 ‡KvbwU cÖev` ? Ôa‡g©i Kj evZv‡m b‡oÕ- A_© mZ¨ cÖKvk n‡eB

w
 wb‡Pi †KvbwUi A_© ÔPzwi KivÕi m‡½ mswkøó bq ?  e`vb¨Zv

Z_¨ †hvM: ÔPzwi KivÕi m‡½ mswkøó (Pÿz`vb, nvZUvb, Kz¤¢xjK)| e`vb¨Zv A_© D`viZv|
w
 ÔAbvPvi-AcKg© †kl ch©šÍ †Mvcb _v‡K bvÕ- GB K_vwU wb‡Pi †Kvb cÖev`-cÖePb aviY K‡i Av‡Q ?
 a‡g©i Kj evZv‡m b‡o|
w
 ÔAšÍi wUcybxÕ ej‡Z wK †evSvq ?  ‡Mvcb e¨v_v

 ÔDjyLvMovÕ evMavivwU Øviv wK A_© cÖKvk Kiv nq ?  ¸iæZ¡nxb †jvK
 ÔKvb KvUvÕ evMavivwUi mwVK A_© †KvbwU ?  ‡envqv
 Ô‡Mvovq Mj`Õ evMavivwUi mwVK A_© †KvbwU ?  ïiæ‡Z fzj
 Ô‡Pv‡Li evwjÕ Gi A_© wK ?  kÎæ
 ÔKvcy‡o eveyÕ evMavivi A_© ?  evwn¨K mvR
 Ô‡avc`yi¯ÍÕ evMavivwUi A_©  cwicvwU
 Ô‡KZv `yi¯ÍÕ- evMavivi A_©  cwicvwU
 ‡mŠfv‡Mï welq K_vwU‡K †Kvb evMaviv w`‡q eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q ?  GKv`‡k e„n¯úwZ
 Òhvi g~j¨ †bBÓ Zv‡K evMaviv w`‡q cÖKvk Ki‡j †KvbwU nq ?  Xv‡Ki evqv
www.swapno.in
 ÒZvgvi welÓ evMavivi A_© †KvbwU ?  A‡_©i Kzcf
Ö ve
 evMavivi A_© wbY©q Kiæb: ÔL‡qi LuvÕ|  PvUzKvi
 ÔnvZ-fvwiÕ evMavivi A_© wK ?  K„cY
 Ôki‡Zi wkwkiÕ evMavivwUi A_© wK ?  ÿY¯’vqx
 ÒwbivbeŸB‡qi av°vÓ evMavivwUi A_© Kx ?  mÂ‡qi cÖe„wË
 ÔA°v cvIqvÕ evMavivwUi mwVK A_© †KvbwU ?  giv

 ÔNi _vK‡Z eveyB †fRvÕÑ evMavivi A_© wK ?  my‡hvM †_‡KI Kó
 wbi_©K Ace¨q cÖKvk K‡i †KvbwU ?  gkv gvi‡Z Kvgvb `vMv
 evMaviv wbY©q Kiæb : ÔQuy‡Pvi †KËbÕ|  Aweivg Kjn
in
 evMavivi A_© wbY©q Kiæb : ÔavgvaivÕ  PvUzKvwiZv
 ‡KvbwU cÖePb?  cy‡iv‡bv Pvj fv‡Z ev‡o
o.
 Ôce©‡Zi gywlK cÖmeÕ cÖePbwUi A_© Kx?  wecyj D‡`¨v‡M Zz”Q AR©b
 cUj †Zvjv  gviv hvIqv
 e¨v‡Oi mw`©
n  Am¤¢e NUbv
ap
 ‡MuvdÑ†LRy‡i  wbZvšÍ Ajm
 ÔivRNUKÕ evMavivwU eëüZ nq †Kvb A‡_©?  PgrKvi wgj
 evMavivi A_© wbY©q Kiæb: Ôbbxi cyZzjÕ ?  kÖg wegyL
w
Z_¨ †hvM: bbxi cyZzj = kªgwegyL; wPwbi cyZzj = kªgKvZz‡i; L‡qi Luv = PvUzKvi|
 ÔNwUivgÕ evMavivwUi mwVK A_© †KvbwU ?  Ac`v_©
.s
 ÔwPwbi ej`Õ evMavivwUi mwVK A_© wK ?  wbõj cwikÖg
 Ôawi gvQ bv QzuB cvwbÕ evMavivwUi mwVK A_© wK ?

w
 †KŠk‡j Kv‡h©v×vi
 evMavivi A_© wbY©q Kiæbt ÔXv‡Ki KvwVÕ|  †gvmv‡ne

w
 ÔKjyi ej`Õ evMavivwUi A_© Kx?  Kjyi ej`-civaxb/GKUvbv LvUzwb|
 ‡lvjKjv A_© ?  m¤ú~Y©

w
 Ôgv‡Qi gvÕ evMavivwUi A_© wK ?  wbôzi

 ÔKvb cvZjvÕ A_© Kx ?  wek^vmcÖeY
 Ô‡VuvUKvUvÕ ej‡Z †evSvq  ¯úófvlx
 ÔAa©P›`ªÕ Gi A_© wK ?  Mjv av°v
 ‡Kvb cÖePbwU ÔnZfvM¨Õ A‡_© eëüZ nq ?  AvU Kcv‡j
 ÔMv‡q dzu w`‡q †eov‡bvÕ-evMavivwUi A_© Kx ?  ‡Kvb `vwqZ¡ MÖnY bv Kiv

 Ômvÿx †MvcvjÕ-Gi A_© wK ?  wbw®Œq `k©K
 ÔGKv`‡k e„n¯úwZÕ ej‡Z Kx eySvq ?  ‡mŠfv‡Mï welq
 Ô`nig gnigÕÑ Gi wecixZ evMaviv ‡KvbwU ?  AwnbKzj
www.swapno.in
 ÔL‡qi LuvÕ- evMavivwUi A_© ?  ‡Zvlvg`Kvix
 Ôf~lwÛi KvKÕ K_vwUi A_© wK ?  `xN©vqye¨w³
 Ô‡PvL _vK‡Z KvbvÕ cÖev`wUi A_©  ‡`‡LI bv †`Lv
 ÔZv‡mi NiÕ A_© wK?  ÿY¯’vqx
 Ô‡Mvei M‡YkÕ evMavivwUi A_© Kx ?  wb‡iU g~L©
 ÔPv‡ì nvUÕ evMavivwUi A_© †KvbwU ?  Avb‡›ì cÖvPzh©
 ÔQKov bKovÕÑ evMavivwUi A_© Kx?  m¯Ív ì
Z_¨ †hvM:  wQwbwgwb †Ljv- bó Kiv  Agvem¨vi Puv`- `yj©f e¯‘  ¸‡o evwj-Avkvq ˆbivk¨
 Ô`yj©f e¯‘Õ evMavivwUi A_© Kx ?  Agvem¨vi Puv`
 ÔKsm gvgvÕ evMavivwUi A_© wK ?  wbg©g AvZ¥xq
in
Z_¨ †hvM: wbg©g AvZ¥xq - Ksm gvgv; AwcÖq e¨w³ - †Pv‡Li evwj; AwgZe¨qx - DobPÐx; AKvjc° - BuP‡o cvKv|
 Ôa‡g©i lvoÕ- evMavivwUi A_© wK ?  AKg©Y¨
o.
Z_¨ †hvM:  ‰K gv‡Qi cÖvY - k³ cÖvY,  eK avwg©K - fÛ mvay,  L‡qi Lvu - ‡Zvlv‡gv`Kvix/PvUzKvi,  Vz‡Uv
RMbœv_- AKg©Y¨|
 ÔXv‡Ki KvwVÓ-evMavivi A_©
 wb‡Pi †KvbwU Ômymg‡qi eÜzÕ A‡_©i cÖKvkK?
n  ‡Zvlvgy‡`
 em‡šÍi †KvwKj
ap
 kKzwb gvgvi A_© Kx ?  KzPµx †jvK
 ÔfvbygwZi †LjÕ cÖePbwU †evSvq  ‡fjwKevwR
w
 ‡KvbwU cÖev`?  KuvPv euv‡k Nyb

 Ôhvi †Kvb g~j¨ †bBÕ GB A_© cÖKvk K‡i ?  Xv‡Ki evqv
.s
 ÔevRv‡i KvUvÕ cÖev‡ì A_© wK?  wewµ nIqv
 ÔEb el©vq `y‡bv kxZÕ cÖePbwU †h A_© cÖKvk K‡i  ‡h eQi Kg e„wó nq †m eQ‡i kxZ c‡o †ewk
w
 ÔwLPzwo cvKv‡bvÕ cÖePbwUi A_©  wek„•Ljv m„wó Kiv
 ÔS‡ov KvKÕ K_vwUi A_©  `y`©kvMÖ¯Í e¨w³

w
 Ô‡g‡Ni QvqvÕ cÖePbwUi A_©  Aïf jÿY
 ÔAíR‡ji gvQÕ cÖePbwUi gv‡b  wbZvšÍB †evKv

w
 ÔAÜ‡K `c©Y †`Lv‡bvÕ cÖeP‡bi A_©  wb‡e©va‡K Ávb `vb
 ÔAwZ †g‡N Abve„wóÕ cÖePbwUi A_©  ‡g‡Ni Avo¤î n‡jB e„wó nq bv
 Ôwbi_©K Ace¨qÕ cÖKvk K‡i †KvbwU ?  gkv gvi‡Z Kvgvb `vMv‡bv
 ÔXvK XvK ¸o ¸oÕ evMavivi A_©  ‡Mvcb ivLvi cÖqvm
 ÔgvQivOvi Kj¼Õ evMavivwUi A_© Kx ?  A‡bK Acivaxi g‡a¨ †Kej GKRb‡K †`vlx mve¨¯Í Kiv
 ÔKjv †`Lv‡bvÕ evMavivi A_©  duvwK †Ìqv

 ÔnvZ PvjvIÕ GB evMavivwUi A_© Kx ?  ZvovZvwo Ki
 ‘Fair weather friends’ GB Bs‡iwR cÖeP‡bi KvQvKvwQ evsjv cÖePb †KvbwU ? `y‡ai gvwQ
www.swapno.in
evK¨ ms‡KvPb/GK K_vq cÖKvk
msÁv: ev‡K¨ cÖKvwkZ e³e¨ welq‡K KL‡bv msKzwPZ K‡i cÖKvk Kiv hvq, Avevi KL‡bv cÖmvwiZ K‡i cÖKvk Kiv
nq| ev‡Kï A_©‡K AcwiewZ©Z †i‡L msKzwPZfv‡e cÖKvk Kiv‡K ejv nq evK¨ ms‡KvPb|
evK¨ ms‡KvP‡bi KvR: G‡ÿ‡Î AwaKvsk mg‡qB ev‡Kï GKvwaK c`‡K GKc‡` cwiYZ Kiv nq, wKsev evK¨
msnwZi ga¨¯’Zvq ev‡Kï ms‡ÿc ev msnwZ mvab Kiv nq|
 cuwPk eQi c~Y© nIqvi Drme - iRZ RqšÍx|

 cÂvk eQi c~Y© nIqvi Drme - myeY© RqšÍx|
 c‡Ùi b¨vq Awÿ ev †PvL hvi- cyšÍixKvÿ|
 wb›`v Kivi B”Qv - Ry¸áv|
in
 ig‡bi B”Qv - weismv|
o.
 D`K cv‡bi B”Qv - D`b¨v|
 ÿgv Kivi B”Qv - wPÿwglv|
 nvwZi kveK - Kif|
 ‡h bvixi ¯^vgx I cyÎ g„Z - Aexiv|
n
ap
 nwi‡Yi Pg© - AwRb|
 ‡h bvixi we‡q nq bv - Ab~pv|
w
 ivÎxKvjxb hy× - †mŠwßK|

 A‡bï A‡cÿv Ki‡Z nq bv hv‡K - Ab‡cÿ|
.s
 ‡h w`b wZb wZw_i wgjb N‡U - G¨n¯úk©|

 Kv‡Pi ˆZwi evwo- wkkgnj|
w
 AKg©b¨ Mevw` cï ivLvi ¯’vb - wcRiv‡cvj|

w
 ‡h †ivM wbb©q Ki‡Z nvZwo‡q K¬všÍ- nvZz‡o|

 hv wb‡Ri Øviv AwR©Z - †¯^vcvwR©Z|
w
 AšÍ‡i Rj Av‡Q Ggb †h b`x - AšÍ:mwjjv|

 gvwU‡Z MovMwo w`‡”Q Ggb - Dcve„Ë|
 AeÁvq bvK DPz K‡ib whwb - DbœvwmK|
cÖkœ DËi
 GK K_vq cÖKvk Kiæb :Ô†h ‡ewk K_v e‡jÕ  evPvj

 Ôbó nIqvi ¯^fve hviÕ GK K_vq n‡e  bk¦i
 ‡P‡U LvIqv hvq hv -  ‡jn¨
 ÔK„ZNœÕ k‡ãi A_© wK ?  ‡h DcKvixi AcKvi K‡i
 GK K_vq cÖKvk Ki - ÔKg K_v e‡j †hÕ  wgZfvlx
 Ôhvi cÖK…Z eY© aiv hvq bvÓÑGK K_vq cÖKvk Kiæb|  eY©‡Pviv
www.swapno.in
 GK K_vq cÖKvk KiæbÑ Ô‡h bvixi nvwm my›ìÕ|  myw¯§Zv
 GK K_vq cÖKvk Kiæb: Ô‡h bvixi wnsmv †bBÕ|  Ab~m~qv
 Ôw``„ÿvÕ K_vwUi A_© Kx ?  `k©b Kivi B”Qv
 GK K_vq cÖKvk Kiæb : Ôhv mn‡R DËxY© nIqv hvq bvÕ|  `y¯Íi
 wcZvi g„Zzï ci Rb¥ n‡q‡Q †h mšÍv‡bi, evK¨wUi ms‡KvPb Ki‡j n‡e  gi‡YvËi-RvZK
 Rvbvi B”Qv-  wRÁvmv
 K‡g© K¬vwšÍ †bB GB evK¨vs‡ki mswÿß iƒc Kx ?  AK¬všÍ Kg©x
 ‡KvbwU nvwZi WvK ?  e„snwZ/ e„swnZ
 hv ¯’vqx bq-  A¯’vqx
 Ôhv wPi¯’vqx bqÕÑ Gi GK K_vq cÖKvk †KvbwU ?  bkî
in
Z_¨ ‡hvM: bkî - hv wPi¯’vqx bq; A¯’vqx - hv ¯’vqx bq; ÿY¯’vqx - ÿYKvj e¨vwcqv ¯’vqx|
 ‡h cyiæ‡li `vwo‡Muvd MRvqwb Zv‡K wK e‡j ?  ARvZk¥kÖæ
o.
 ‡h DcKvixi DcKvi K‡i, Zv‡K GK K_vq e‡j ?  K…ZÁ
 Ôw`b I ivwÎi mwÜÿYÕ- evK¨ ms‡KvP‡b ejv hvq:  ‡Mva~wj
n
Z_¨ ‡hvM: m~h©v¯Í Kvj/ hLb Miæi cvj a~wj DovBqv M„‡n †d‡i  ‡Mva~wj|
ap
 mgy`ª n‡Z wngvjq ch©šÍ evK¨vs‡ki Ask wnmv‡e †KvbwU mwVK ? Avmgy`ªwngvPj
 ÔU¼viÕ k‡ãi m¤úªmvwiZ evK¨ †KvbwU ?  aby‡Ki wQjvi kã

w
 whwb we`¨v jvf Kwiqv‡Qb|  K…Zwe`¨v

Z_¨ †hvM: we`¨v Av‡Q hvi- weØvb|
.s
 ‡µ¼vi wK ?  ivRnuv‡mi WvK

 AKv‡j hv‡K RvMiY Kiv nq Zv‡K GK K_vq wK e‡j ?  AKvj‡evab
w
 ÔÁvbcvcxÕ- e‡j  mÁv‡b Ab¨vq K‡i †h

 nbb Kivi B”Qv -GK K_vq wK n‡e?  wRNvsmv
w
 hvi †Kvb wKQz †_‡KB fq †bB -GK K_vq cÖKvk wK?  AKz‡Zvfq
w
Z_¨ †hvM:  fq †bB Ggb - wbf©xK|

 GK K_vq cÖKvk Kiæb- kÎæ †K `gb K‡i †h-  Awi›`g
Z_¨ †hvM:  kÎæNœ - kÎæ‡K ea K‡i †h|  ARvZkÎæ -GLbI kÎæ Rb¥vqwb hvi|
 Ôjvf Kivi B”QvÕ GK K_vq-  wjáv
Z_¨ †hvM: †fvRb Kivi B”Qv - eyfy¶v|
 AvKvk I c„w_exi AšÍivj‡K GK K_vq e‡j:  µ›`mx
 GK K_vq cÖKvk Kiæb- Ô‡`Levi B”QvÕ ?  w``„ÿv
 Ôe„snwZÕ nj t  nw¯Íi WvK
 `vb MÖnY Kiv DwPr bq hvi †_‡K Ñ GK K_vq e‡j ?  AcÖwZM„n¨
 †h ¯^vgxi ¯¿x cÖev‡m _v‡K Zv‡K Kx e‡j ?  †cÖvwlZcZœxK
 GK K_vq cÖKvk Kiæb- Ô†h bvixi nvwm my›ìÕ|  mywPw¯§Zv
www.swapno.in
 GK K_vq cÖKvk Kiæbt Ôhvi `yB nvZ mgvb P‡jÕ|  me¨mvPx
 hv mn‡R AwZµg Kiv hvq bv-G evKvs‡kï mswÿß iƒc?  `yiwZµg¨
 evK¨ ms‡KvPb : nvwZi evm¯’vb  MRM„n

 evK¨ ms‡KvPb wK ?  GKwU gvÎ k‡ã fve‡K cÖKvk Kiv
 ‡h DcKvixi AcKvi K‡i-GK K_vq wK n‡e ?  K…ZNœ
Z_¨ †hvM: K…ZNœ- DcKvixi AcKvi K‡i †h|  K…ZÁ-DcKvixi DcKvi ¯^xKvi K‡i †h|
 AK…ZÁ-DcKvixi DcKvi ¯^xKvi K‡i bv †h|  NvZK-nZ¨vKvix|
 Ôwek^R‡bi wnZKiÕ GKK_vq Kx e‡j ?  wek^Rbxb
in
 Ôhv c~‡e© wQj GLb †bBÕÑGi GK K_vq cÖKvk †KvbwU ?  f~Zc~e©
o.
 GK K_vq cÖKvk Kiæb: Ôhv R‡j P‡iÕ-  RjPi
 GK K_vq cÖKvk KiæbÑÔcvIqvi B”QvÕ  Cáv
Z_¨ †hvM:  wRMxlvÑ Rq Kiv B”Qv&;  eyfzÿvÑ †fvRb Kivi B”Qv;  wjávÑ jvf Kivi B”Qv;
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 ÔmK‡ji Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨Õ Ñ GK K_vq Kx n‡e?  me©Rbxb
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 ÔwK Ki‡Z n‡e †f‡e cvq bvÕ- GB Ae¯’v‡K Kx e‡j ?  wKsKZ©e¨weg~p
Z_¨ †hvM:: myfvwlZ: cÖeP‡bi AvaywbK cÖwZkã n‡”Q: myfvlY/myfvwlZ|
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 Ôÿgvi †hvM¨Õ Gi evK¨ ms‡KvPb †KvbwU ?  ÿgvn©
Z_¨ †hvM: ÿgvi †hvM¨ - ÿgvn©| ÿgvi A‡hvM¨ - ÿgvh©|

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 dj cvK‡j g‡i hvq Ggb MvQ-  Ilwa
Z_¨ †hvM: Ilwa- dj cvK‡j g‡i hvq Ggb MvQ|  eb¯úwZ- †h Mv‡Qi dzj nq bv wKš‘ dj nq|
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 ciMvQv- †h MvQ Ab¨ Mv‡Qi Dci Rb¥vq|  AvMvQv- †h MvQ †Kv‡bv Kv‡R jv‡M bv|
 ‡KvbwU A‡k¦i WvK-  ‡n«lv

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Z_¨ †hvM: †n«lv- A‡k¦i WvK|  †µ¼vi- ivRnuv‡mi WvK|  e„snwZ- nvwZi WvK|  ey°b- KzKz‡ii WvK|
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 GK K_vq cÖKvk Kiæb: Ôhv `xwß cv‡”QÕ|  ‡``xc¨gvb
 Ôhv jvwd‡q P‡jÕ Ñ GK K_vq e‡j  cøeM
 Ôwhwb A‡bK †`‡L‡QbÕ GK K_vq e‡j :  f~‡qv`k©x
 GK K_vq cÖKvk Kiæb Ñ Ôhv ejv nqwbÕ ?  Aby³
 Ôhv AvNvZ cvqwbÕ GK K_vq ejv hv‡e Ñ  AbvnZ
 ‡h e¨q Ki‡Z KzÉv‡eva K‡iÑGK K_vq cÖKvk Ki‡j n‡e  e¨qKzÉ

 ÔU¼viÕ ej‡Z †evSvq  aby‡Ki aŸwb
 GK K_vq cÖKvk Kiæb : Ôgg©‡K cxov †`q hvÕ|  gg©šÍ`
 lvU eQi c~Y© nIqvi Drme‡K GKK_vq e‡j :  nxiK RqšÍx
 ey‡K fi w`‡q P‡j †h cÖvYx  DiM
 evK¨ ms‡KvPb Kiæb : Ôg„wËKv w`‡q ˆZwiÕ|  g„b¥q
 GK K_vq cÖKvk Kiæb: m¤§y‡L AMÖmi n‡q Af¨_©bv|  cÖZz¨`Mgb
www.swapno.in
 BnKv‡j hv mvgvb¨ bq -  A‡jvKmvgvb¨
 b~cy‡ii aŸwb †KvbwU ?  wb°b
Q›` cÖKiY
 c`mg~n‡K †hfv‡e mvRv‡j wbqwgZ MwZ‡eM mÂvwiZ n‡q evK¨ kÖæwZgayi nq Ges mn‡R wP‡Ë i‡mi mÂvi K‡i
Zv‡KB Q›` ejv nq| Q›` A_© ÔMwZ ‡mŠ›`h©Õ, mvwn‡Z¨ Gi A_© ÔfvlvMZ aŸwb-‡mŠ›`h©Õ|
 Q›` wZb cÖKvi| h_v:Ñ ¯îe„Ë, gvÎve„Ë I Aÿie„Ë Q›`|
 ¯îe„Ë Q›`: †h Q‡›` hyM¥aŸwb (A_©vr gy³vÿi I e×vÿi) memgq GKgvÎv MYbv Kiv nq Ges cÖ‡Z¨K c‡e©i cÖ_g
k‡ãi Avw`‡Z k¦vmvNvZ c‡o Zv‡K ¯îe„Ë Q›` e‡j| cÖwZwU PiY mvaviYZ PviwU c‡e© wef³ Ges cÖwZ c‡e©i gvÎv
msL¨v Pvi|
in
 gvÎve„Ë Q›`: †h Q‡›` e×vÿi meÎB `yB gvÎv wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq Zv‡K gvÎve„Ë Q›` e‡j|
 Aÿie„Ë Q›`: †h Q‡›ì c‡e© k‡ãi Avw` I gaëZ©x hyM¥ aŸwb‡K GKgvÎv Ges k‡ãi †k‡l ev c~Y© k‡ã hyM¥
o.
aŸwb‡K `yBgvÎv MYbv Kiv nq Zv‡K Aÿie„Ë Q›` e‡j|
 AwgÎvÿi Q‡›` AšÍ wgj †bB| AwgÎvÿi Q‡›ì cÖavb ‰ewkó¨B n‡”Q cÖevngbZv, wgjnxbZv Ges hwZcv‡Zi
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¯^vaxbZv| gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë evsjv Kv‡e¨ AwgÎvÿi Q‡›ì cÖeZ©b K‡ib|
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 gy³K Q‡›ì cÖeZ©b K‡ib iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi| GB Q‡›` cÖwZ csw³i Aÿi msL¨v Amgvb|
 GKwU gvÎ Abyf~wZ ev ALÐ fve Kíbv wb‡q we‡kl Q‡›`vixwZ‡Z iwPZ †PŠÏ ev AvVv‡iv gvÎv wewkó †PŠÏ csw³i
KweZv‡K m‡bU ev PZy`©kc`x KweZv e‡j| evsjv Kve¨ mvwn‡Z¨ gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë cÖ_g m‡bU iPbv K‡ib|
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 m‡b‡Ui `ywU Ask _v‡K| cÖ_g AvU PiY‡K AóK e‡j, †kl Qq PiY‡K lUK e‡j|
 Blank verse A_© AwgÎvÿi, †gNbvèa Kve¨ G Q‡›` iwPZ|
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cÖkœ DËi
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 Ôe„wó c‡o Uvcyi Uzcyi b‡` G‡jv evbÕ- †Kvb Q‡›` iwPZ ?  ¯îe„Ë|
 m‡b‡Ui KwU Ask ?  `ywU
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Z_¨ †hvM: m‡b‡Ui `ywU Ask| h_v: 1) AóK, I 2) lUK

 Ôcv‡ÄixÕ KweZvwU †Kvb Q‡›` iwPZ ?  gvÎve„Ë
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 Kei KweZvwU †Kvb Q‡›` iwPZ ?  gvÎve„Ë Q‡›`
cÎ wjLb
c‡Îi msÁv: cÎ kãwUi AvwfavwbK A_© wPý ev ¯§viK| wKšÍy †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î ÔcÎÕ kãwU wPwV A‡_© eënvi
Kwi| A_©vr g‡bi †Kv‡bv fve, e³e¨ we‡kl wbq‡g wj‡L A‡bï Kv‡Q cÖKvk Kiv‡K ÔcÎÕ e‡j|
c‡Îi cÖKvi‡f`: welqe¯Íy I Avw½K wePv‡i cÎ `y cÖKvi| h_vÑ
K. e¨w³MZ cÎ: eÜzÑevÜe, AvZ¥xqÑ ¯^R‡bi Kv‡Q †jLv wPwV e¨w³MZ cÎ| GLv‡b Av‡eM-D”Q¡vm _vK‡Z cv‡i|
†Kbbv, A‡bK K_v gy‡L ejv hvq bv, Z‡e c‡Î ejv hvq|
L. mvgvwRK, eënvwiK ev êlwqK cÎ: AwdmÑAv`vj‡Z, e¨vsKÑwegv wewfbœ miKvwi, †emiKvwi cÖwZôvb, `vIqvZ,
gvbcÎ, Awfb›`b cÎ, ¯§viKcÎ‡K ÔmvgvwRK, eënvwiK ev êlwqK cÎÕ e‡j| GB cÎ‡K Avevi Qq fv‡M fvM
www.swapno.in
Kiv hvq| h_v: 1. Av‡e`bcÎ; 2. msev`c‡Î cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ cÎ; 3. gvbcÎ ev Awfb›`b cÎ; 4. evwYwR¨K cÎ; 5
wbgš¿Y cÎ ev `vIqvZ cÎ ev Avgš¿Y cÎ Ges 6. ¯§viKwjwc ev Awf‡hvM cÎ|
cÎ †jLvi wbqgvewj:
cÎ wjL‡Z n‡j mywbw`©ó wKQz wbqg AbymiY Ki‡Z nq| wb‡¤œ wbqg¸‡jv Zz‡j aiv n‡jv:
1.c‡Îi e³e¨ my¯úó n‡Z n‡e|
2. cÎ mij I welqwfwËK fvlvq wjL‡Z n‡e|
3. fvlv n‡e cÖvÄj Ges ewjô|
4. cÎ n‡e mswÿß Ges ¯^qsm¤ú~Y©|
5. c‡Îi cÖKvkfw½ n‡e AvKl©Yxq|
6. meai‡bi evûj¨ eR©b Ki‡Z n‡e|
in
7. fvlvi ï×Zv eRvq ivL‡Z n‡e|
8. Ah_v cvwÐZ¨ eR©b Ki‡Z n‡e|
o.
9. GKB K_vi cybive„wË Kiv hv‡e bv|
10. Dc¯’vcbvi fvlv n‡e PwjZ I mnR-mij|
11. evbv‡bi e¨vcv‡i n‡Z n‡e mZK©| n
c‡Îi KvVv‡gv: K. cÎMf© ev AšÍf©vM Ges L. wk‡ivbvg ev ewn©fvM|
ap
K. cÎMf© ev AšÍf©vM: cÎMf©‡K cuvPwU As‡k fvM Kiv hvq| h_v: 1. g½‡jv”PviY; 2. cÎ †jL‡Ki wVKvbv I cÎ
†jLvi ZvwiL; 3. m¤¢vlY; 4. g~j cÎvsk Ges 5. we`vq Ávcb evYx I †jL‡Ki bvg|
cÖkœ DËi
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 cy‡Îi wbKU gvZvi c‡Îi m‡¤^vab †KvbwU n‡e ?  ‡¯œnvm¤ú`

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Z_¨ †hvM: cvK Rbv‡ely - gvZvi wbKU cy‡Îi c‡Îi m‡¤^vab|  kÖ×v¯ú` - kÖ‡×q e¨w³‡ì m‡¤^va‡b eënvi nq|
 ‡¯œnm¤ú` - eq‡m †QvU‡ì m‡¤^va‡b eënvi Kiv nq|
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 wel‡qi ¯úó D‡jøL _vK‡Z n‡e †h c‡Î  evwYwR¨K c‡Î

 bvix‡K m‡¤^va‡bi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ nq ?  kÖ×v¯ú`vmy
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 ¯¿xevPK m¤¢vl‡Y †k‡l e‡m Ñ  Gky

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Z_¨ †hvM: Kj¨vbx‡qly (‡Kvj&j¨vwb‡qï)|
fve-m¤úªmviY
wPšÍvkxj Kwe-mvwnwZ¨K‡ì †Kv‡bv Dw³i g‡a¨ A_ev Avgv‡ì fvlvq eëüZ cÖev`-cÖeP‡bi g‡a¨ msnZ Bw½Zgq
Mfxi cÖ”Qbœ fve _v‡K| G msnZ Bw½Zgq Mfxi cÖ”Qbœ A_©c~Y© Ges fveNb evK¨‡K me©Rb‡eva¨ fvlvq wek`
Dc¯’vcbvi bvgB Ôfve-m¤úªmviYÕ|
Ab¨ K_vq ejv hvq, g~j e³e¨‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq Dcgvwì mvnv‡h¨ mK‡ji Kv‡Q mnRfv‡e m¤úªmvwiZ Kiv‡K Ôfve
m¤úªmviYÕ ejv nq|
www.swapno.in
fve-m¤úªmvi‡Y cÖ`Ë As‡k Avgiv cvB: 1. Aj¼…Z fvlv; 2. GKwU M~pfve ev kãv_©; 3. wKQz Dcgv; 4. †QvU †QvU
kÖæwZ gayi evK¨ ev cO&w³gvjv; 5. GKwU e¨ÄbvMZ A_©|
fvem¤úªmviY Kivi wbqgvewj:
1. K‡qK evi cÖ`Ë fvewU co‡Z n‡e Ges g~j fve D`NvUb Ki‡Z n‡e|
2. g~j fv‡ei mv‡_ m½wZ †i‡L Ab¨ GKwU Aby‡”Q‡` mnR-mij fvlvq g~j fvewU‡K we‡kølY Ki‡Z n‡e|
3. fve-m¤úªmvi‡Y mnR-mij fvlv eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e|
4. h_vm¤¢e Dcgv I cÖvmw½K D`vniY w`‡Z n‡e|
5. fve-m¤úªmvi‡Yi mgq GKwU fve‡K GKwU Aby‡”Q‡` cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡e| †m Kvi‡b GKvwaK Aby‡”Q‡Ì n‡Z cv‡i|
6. m¤úªmvwiZfv‡e cybive„wË eR©b Ki‡Z n‡e|
7. fve-m¤úªmviY‡K ü`qMÖvnx Ki‡Z n‡e|
8. m‡e©vcwi KvRwU †h‡nZz fv‡ei we¯Ívi ZvB Kwe ev †jL‡Ki bvg D‡jøK Kivi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| GgbwK cÖ`Ë
in
KweZv ev M‡`ï kã ev kã¸”Q ûeû eënvi KivI AbywPZ|
cÖkœ DËi ‡h cix¶vq G‡m‡Q
o.
 Ô‰kevj `xwN‡i e‡j D”P K‡i wki, wj‡L †iL, GK †duvUv w`‡jg wkwkiÕ- GB AskUzKzi g~j cÖwZcv`¨ wK ?
 AK…ZÁZv
 fve m¤úªmvi‡Y †KvbwU bv NUvB fvj ?
n
 cyYive„wË
ap
mvivsk ev mvigg©
mvivsk ev mvigg© Kv‡K e‡j: ‡Kv‡bv iPbvi g~j e³e¨ mnR fvlvq mswÿß A_P ¯úó K‡i †jLv‡K ÔmvivskÕ e‡j|
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mvivsk‡K Avevi Ômvigg©Õ ev gg©v_©Õ ev gg©K_vÕ ev ÔmswÿßmviÕ ev ÔmviK_vÕ ev Ôg~jK_vÕ ejv n‡q _v‡K| mvivs‡k
fve‡K ms‡ÿc Ki‡Z nq| KweÑmvwnwZ¨KM‡Yi iPbvq, Dcgv, Aj¼vi, hyw³ `„óvšÍ BZ¨vw` _v‡K| G mKj ev`
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w`‡q mij AvKv‡i cÖKvk KivB Ômvivsk wjLbÕ ev mvigg© wjLbÕ|

mvivsk ev mvigg© †jLvi wbqgvewj:
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1. ‡h wbe‡Üi ev KweZvs‡ki mvivsk ev mvigg© wjL‡Z n‡e †mwU fvjfv‡e c‡o Zvi g~j fvewU mwVKfv‡e eyS‡Z
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n‡e|
2. D×…Z As‡ki g~jfveUzKz Aí K_vq cÖKvk KivB mvivsk †jLvi g~j D‡Ïk¨|
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3. mvivsk ev mvigg© †jLvi mgq Dcgv, `„óvšÍ Aj¼vi ev AevšÍi Ask G‡Kev‡iB ev` w`‡Z n‡e|
4. †h‡Kv‡bv wel‡qi cybive„wË †iva Ki‡Z n‡e|
5. g~j welqUvi mv‡_ m¤úK© ‡i‡L mnR-mij K‡i wb‡Ri fvlvq wjL‡Z n‡e|
6. mvivsk g~j As‡ki Kgc‡ÿ wZb fv‡Mi GK fvM nIqv DwPZ| Z‡e Lye `xN© A_ev Lye mswÿßmvi n‡e bv|
7. welqe¯Íy avivevwnKfv‡e mvwR‡q wjL‡Z n‡e|
8. mvayixwZ ev PwjZixwZi †h †Kv‡bv GKwU ixwZ‡Z wjL‡Z n‡e|
9. cÖZ¨ÿ Dw³ _vK‡j Zvi fvewU gvÎ MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|
10. mvigg© ev mvivs‡k †Kv‡bv Aj¼vi ev D×…wZ †Ìqv hv‡e bv|
cÖkœ DËi
 mvivsk iPbvq †KvbwU _vK‡e bv ?  cÖkœ‡evaK wPý
www.swapno.in
Abyev`
GK fvlv †_‡K Ab¨ fvlvq i~cvšÍi KivB Abyev`| Z‡e GK fvlvi k‡ãi ¯’‡j Ab¨ fvlvi kã ewm‡q w`‡jB
Abyev` nq bv| my›ì I h_v_© Abyev` Ki‡Z n‡j ‡m fvlvi MwZgqZv, MVbixwZ, c`web¨vm I êwk‡óï e¨vcv‡i
we‡kl Ávb _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| Abyev` g~jZ `yB cÖKvi| h_vÑ 1. AvÿwiK Abyev` I 2. fvevbyev`|
1. AvÿwiK Abyev`: g~j fvlvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU k‡ãi cÖwZkã eënvi K‡i †h Abyev` Kiv nq, Zv‡K ÔAvÿwiK Abyev`Õ
e‡j| †hgb: “It has been raining cats and dogs” evK¨wU‡K hw` Ôweovj KzKzi e„wó n‡”QÕÑ Gfv‡e Abyev`
Kiv nq, Z‡e Zv n‡e ÔAvÿwiK Abyev`Õ|
2. fvevbyev`: g~j fvlvi fve h_vh_ †i‡L Aci fvlvi cÖ‡qvRbxq k‡ã †h Abyev` Kiv nq, Zv‡K Ôfvevbyev`Õ e‡j|
It has been raining cats and dogs’ evK¨wU‡K hw` Ôweovj KzKzi e„wó n‡”QÕ Gi cwie‡Z© fv‡ei w`K m½wZ
in
†i‡L Ôgyljav‡i e„wó n‡”QÕÑ Gfv‡e Abyev` Kiv nq, Z‡e GwU n‡e fvevbyev`|
Abyev` †Kvb ai‡bi n‡j my›ì I h_v_© n‡e Zv wbf©i K‡i Abyev‡ì wel‡qi Dci| Z‡e Abyev` hv‡Z †gŠwjK,
mnR, mij I cÖvÄj fvlvq nq †mw`‡K jÿ¨ ivL‡Z n‡e| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ Abyev` Af¨v‡mi welq| wbqwgZ Abyev`
o.
Kivi Af¨vm Ki‡j Abyev` my›ì I h_v_© n‡e|
Abyev` Kivi wbqg
1. Abyev‡ì welqwU evievi co‡Z n‡e|
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2. Abyev` Kivi mgq ev‡Kï fv‡ei cÖwZ jÿ¨ ivL‡Z n‡e|
3. kã a‡i Abyev` bv K‡i evK¨ a‡i Abyev` Ki‡Z n‡e|
4. There, it, this, is, am, are BZ¨vw` k‡ãi Abyev` evsjvq †Ìqvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB|
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5. fvlvi †mŠ›`h© I im AÿzYœ †i‡L Abyev` Ki‡Z n‡e|

6. g~j As‡ki cÖZ¨ÿ ev c‡ivÿ Dw³ Abyev‡ì †ejvq †mÑiKg Dw³‡Z _vK‡e|
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7. g~j wµqvi †h Kvj _vK‡e Abyev‡Ì Kvj †m iKg _vK‡e|

cÖkœ DËi
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 Abyev` KZ cÖKvi?  2 cÖKvi

 Abyev‡ì cvi`wk©Zv wK‡mi Dci wbf©ikxj?  Af¨v‡mi Dci
w
 ‘Nothing succeeds like success’ Gi e½vbyev` n‡jv  R‡jB Rj euv‡a

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 Patience has its reward- G ev‡Kï h_v_© Abyev`  mey‡i †gIqv d‡j
evsjv fvlv I wjwc

 evsjv fvlvi Avw`¯Í‡ii w¯’wZKvj W. gyn¤§` kwn`yjøvi g‡Z  mßg †_‡K Øv`k kZvãx|
 evsjv wjwci MVb Kvh© ïiæ nq-  ‡mb Avg‡j|
 evsjv wjwci MVb Kvh© †kl nq-  cvVvb Avg‡j|
 evsjv Aÿ‡ii bKkv cÖ_g ˆZix K‡ib-  Pvj©m DBjwKÝ|
 Pvj©m DBjwKÝ Gi wb‡`©‡k †K evsjv Aÿi †Lv`vB K‡ib ?  cÂvbb Kg©Kvi|
www.swapno.in
cÖkœ DËi
 cÖvK…Z fvlv¸‡jvi †kl ¯Í‡ii bvg Kx ?  Acåsk
 mvay fvlvi KZ wLª÷v‡ãi w`‡K Rb¥ n‡q‡Q ?  1800
 evsjv †jvKmvwn‡Zï cÖvPxbZg m„wó wK wK ?  cÖePb, Qov I auvav
 W.gynv¤§` knx`yjøvni evsjv mvwn‡Zï BwZnvm MÖ‡š’i bvg  evsjv mvwn‡Zï K_v
 W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn iwPZ MÖš’-  ev½vjv fvlvi BwZe„Ë

 Ôevsjv fvlvi BwZe„ËÕ iPbv K‡i‡Qb  gynv¤§` knx`yjøvn
 evsjv fvlvi c~e©eZ©x ¯Í‡ii bvg Kx ?  cÖvK…Z
 W. mybxwZ Kzgvi P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi g‡Z evsjvfvlvi Avw`¯Í‡ii w¯’wZKvj-  `kg †_‡K PZz©`k kZvãx
 evsjvi Avw` AwaevmxMY †Kvb fvlvfvlx wQj ?  Aw÷K
in
 evsjv fvlvi eqm KZ ?  1000 eQi|
[‡bvU: 1978 mv‡j 1g evsjv QvcvLvbv cÖwZwôZ nq| ]
o.
evsjv mvwn‡Zï hyM I wefvM
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cÖkœ DËi
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 Kwe fviZP›`ª‡K Ôivq¸bvKiÕ Dcvwa w`‡qwQ‡jb †K ?  ivRv K„òP›`ª
 Ph©vc‡ì mev©waK cìPwqZv †Kvb Kwe?/ ÔPh©vc‡`Õ Kvi c` me‡P‡q †ewk?  Kvýcv
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Z_¨ †hvM: Ph©vc‡` me©vwaK c` iPwqZv Kvýcv| wZwb 13wU c` iPbv K‡ib| Zvi iwPZ c`¸‡jv n‡”Q- 7, 9, 10, 11,
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12, 13, 18, 19, 36, 40, 42, 45 GQvov 24 bs c`wU Zvi iwPZ Z‡e 24 bs c`wU cvIqv hvqwb|
 ‡Kvb kvmbvg‡j Phv©c` iwPZ n‡qwQ‡jv ?  cvj Avg‡j
w
 ewÎk wmsnvmb Gi iPwqZv †K ?  g„Zz¨Äq we`¨vj¼vi

 Kvi msM„nxZ MxwZKv m¤úv`bv K‡i Wt `x‡bk P›`ª †mb ‰ggbwmsn MxwZKv bv‡g cÖKvk K‡ib?  P›`ªKzgvi †`
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 eoi wcixwZ evwji euva! ÿ‡b nv‡Z `wo,ÿ‡bK Pvu` - PiY `ywU Kvi iPbv?  fviZP›`ª
w
 ÔPh©vc`Õ †Kvb Q‡›` ‡jLv ?  gvÎve„Ë

Z_¨ †hvM: evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖvPxbZg wb`k©b Ph©vc`| Gi g~j bvg Ph©vPh©wewbðq| GwU †eŠ× mnwRqv‡ì mvab m½xZ|
GwU gvÎve„Ë Q‡›` iwPZ| Gi c`¸‡jv mvÜ¨ fvlvq iwPZ|
 evsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Zï cÖvPxb wb`k©b †KvbwU ?  Ph©vc`
 evsjv fvlvi Avw` wb`k©b ÔPh©vc`Õ †Kv_vq cvIqv hvq ?  ‡bcvj ivR ìevi MÖš’vMvi
 evsjv fvlvi cÖ_g Kve¨ msKjb †K Avwe¯‹vi K‡ib †K ?  nicÖmv` kv¯¿x
 evsjv fvlvi Avw` wb`k©b Ph©vc` Avwe¯‹…Z nq KZ mv‡j ?  1907 mv‡j
 evsjv mvwn‡Zï Avw` Kwe †K ?  jyBcv
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ga¨hyM I evsjv mvwnZ¨
 AÜKvi hyM wn‡m‡e aiv nq?  ZzwK© kvmb Avgj‡K AÜKvi hyM wn‡m‡e aiv nq|
cÖkœ DËi
 ÔeªReywjÕ ej‡Z wK †evSvq?  GKiKg K…wÎg Kwefvlv
 evsjv Gi ˆgw_jx fvlvi mgš^‡q †h fvlvi m„wó n‡q‡Q Zvi bvg wK ?  eªReywj
 evsjv fvlvi ga¨hyM  1201 †_‡K 1800 wLª÷vã
Z_¨ †hvM: evsjv mvwnZ¨‡K cÖavbZ 3wU hy‡M fvM Kiv nq-
1) cÖvPxb hyM (650 - 1200) wLª÷vã; 2) ga¨ hyM (1201 - 1800) Lª÷vã; I 3) AvaywbK hyM (1800 †_‡K eZ©gvb)
 PÐx`vm †Kvb hy‡Mi Kwe?  ga¨ hyM
in
 evsjv mvwn‡Zï c„ô‡cvlKZvi Rb¨ weL¨vZ kvmK †K?  AvjvDwÏb †nv‡mb kvn&
o.
 Biv‡bi Kwe nvwd‡Ri ms‡M cÎvjvc n‡qwQj evsjvi †Kvb  wMqvm DwÏb AvRg kvn
myjZv‡bi ?
 ga¨hy‡Mi evsjv mvwn‡Zï †Kvb ag©cÖPvi‡Ki cÖfve Acwimxg ?  ˆPZb¨ †è
n
ap
 k~b¨cyivb Kve¨ Kvi iPbv ?  ivgvB cwÛZ
 K…wËevm‡K evsjvq ivgvqb Abyev‡ì Aby‡iva Rvbvb †K ?  RvjvjywÏb gyn¤§` kvn
 ‡Kvb Kwe †nv‡mb kv‡ni c„ô‡cvlKZvq Kve¨ iPbv K‡ib ?  gvjvai emy
w
 K…òbMi ivR mfvi mvwnwZ¨K wQ‡jb †K ?  fviZP›`ª ivq ¸bvKi

 
.s
ga¨hy‡M evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ †Kvb ag© cÖPvi‡Ki cÖfve Acwimxg ? ˆPZb¨‡è

 ÔAvBb-B-AvKewiÕ MÖ‡š’i iPwqZv †K?  Aveyj dRj
w
 ga¨hy‡Mi cÖ_g Kve¨ MÖš’ †KvbwU ?  kÖxK…ò KxZ©b

 ‰eòe c`vejxi Avw` iPwqZv †K ?  we`¨vcwZ
w
w
kÖxK…ò KxZ©b
 evsjv fvlvi iwPZ †Kvb †jL‡Ki cÖ_g GKK MÖš’ †KvbwU ?  kÖxK…ò KxZ©b|
 cÖvK‰PZb¨ hy‡Mi e¨vwßKvj  1201 Ñ 1500 wL÷ªvã
 ÔkªxK…òKxZ©bÕ Kv‡eï cÖavb wZbwU PwiÎ  K…ò , ivav, I eovB
 G Kve¨wU emšÍiÄb iv‡qi m¤úv`bvq 1916 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq  e½xq mvwnZ¨ cvil` †_‡K
cÖkœ DËi
 ga¨hy‡Mi evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g wb`k©b †KvbwU ?  kÖxK…òKxZ©b
 wb¤œwjwLZ †Kvb MÖš’wU bvU¨MxwZ Kve¨ ?  kÖxK…òKxZ©b
 me©Rb ¯^xK…Z I LuvwU evsjv fvlvi iwPZ cÖ_g Kve¨ MÖš’ †KvbwU ?  kÖxK…ò KxZ©b|
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 c` ev c`vejx ej‡Z Kx eySvq ?  †eŠ× a‡g©i M~p wel‡qi we‡kl m„wó|
 c`vejxi cÖ_g Kwe †K ?  we`¨vcwZ|

 êòe c`vejxi AÿKvwj Kwe †K ?  we`¨vcwZ|
 we`¨vcwZ †Kv_vKvi Kwe wQ‡jb ?  wgw_jvi|
 kÖxK…òKxZ©b Gi iPwqZv ?  eoy PÐx`vm
 kÖxK…òKxZ©b Kv‡eï eovB ‡h ai‡bi PwiÎ ?  ivav K…‡òi †cÖ‡gi `~Zx
 ÔkÖxK…òKxZ©bÕ Kve¨wU Avwe®‹vi K‡ib ?  emšÍiÄb ivq
 ‰PZb¨ Rxebx Kv‡eï †kÖô Kwe ?  K…ò`vm KweivR
 ÔkÖxK…òKxZ©b Kve¨ÕÑLvwb Avwe®‹„Z nq ?  †MvqvjN‡i
in
 ga¨hy‡Mi cÖ_g Kve¨ ?  kÖxK…òKxZ©b
o.
g½j Kve¨
 g½jKv‡eï DcRxe¨ wK?
n  ag©welqK AvL¨vb| †è‡èxi ¸YMvb
ap
g½jKv‡eï DcRxe¨|
 g½jKve¨ cÖavbZ KZ cÖKvi I wK wK?  g½j Kve¨ cÖavbZt `yÕcÖKvi| h_v: (K)
w
†cŠivwYK g½jKve¨ I (L) †jŠwKK g½jKve¨|

 D‡jøL¨‡hvM¨ †cŠivwYK g½jKve¨ wK wK?  Abœ`vg½j, Kgjvg½j, `~M©vg½j|
.s
 D‡jøL‡hvM¨ ‡jŠwKK g½jKve¨ wK wK?  gbmv g½j, PÛxg½j, Kvwjg½j,

†MŠixg½j(we`¨vmy›ìx), mvi`vg½j cÖf„wZ|
w
 me©v‡cÿv cªvPxbZg g½jKve¨ aviv ‡KvbwU?  gbmvg½j

 PÐxg½j Kv‡eï iPbvKvj KZ mgq ch©šÍ we¯Í„Z?  †lvok †_‡K AvVvi kZK ch©šÍ|
w
 PÐxg½j Kve¨ avivi me©‡kªó Kwe †K?  Kwe KweK¼b gyKz›` ivg PµeZ©x|
 Kwe gyKz›` ivg †Kv_vq Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib?  ea©gvb †Rjvi `vgyb¨v MÖv‡g|
w
cÖkœ DËi
 ÔAbœ`vg½jÕ Kve¨ †Kvb hy‡Mi Kve¨ ?  ga¨hyM
Z_¨ †hvM: fviZP‡›`ªi †kÖô KxwZ© ÒAbœ`v g½jÓ Kve¨ (1752- 53) iPbv| fviZP›`ª beØx‡ci ivRv K…òP‡›`ªi mfvKwe
wQ‡jb| KweZ¡kw³‡Z gy» n‡q ivRv K…òP›`ª Zv‡K Òivq¸YvKiÓ Dcvwa †`q| Abœ`vg½j Kve¨ cÖ_g gyw`ªZ
K‡ib- M½vwK‡kvi fÆvPvh©, (1816 L„óv‡ã)|
 ÔAbœ`vg½jÕ Kv‡eï iPwqZv †K ?  fviZP›`ª
 ÒAvgvi mšÍvb †hb _v‡K `y‡a fv‡ZÓ Ñ †Kvb Kwei iPbv  fviZP›`ª ivq ¸YvKi
Z_¨ †hvM: fviZP›`ª ivq ¸YvKi ga¨hy‡Mi evsjv mvwn‡Zï †kÖôKwe| Zuvi †kÖô KxwZ© ÔAbœ`vg½jÕ Kve¨| fviZP›`ª
iwPZ GKwU weL¨vZ MÖš’ ÔmZ¨ cx‡ii cuvPvwjÕ|
 ÔAvgvi mšÍvb †hb _v‡K `y‡a fv‡ZÕ Dw³wU †Kvb Kv‡eï AšÍM©Z  Abœ`vg½j Kv‡eï
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 evsjv mvwn‡Zï ga¨hy‡M gymwjg Kwe‡ì D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ae`vb  ‡ivgvw›UK cÖY‡qvcvL¨vb
 ÔPvu` mI`vMiÕ evsjv †Kvb Kveävivi PwiÎ ?  gbmvg½j
 g½j hy‡Mi me©‡kl Kwei bvg Kx ?  fviZ P›`ª ivq¸YvKi
 ga¨hy‡Mi evsjv mvwn‡Zï †kÖô Kwe †K ?  fviZ P›`ª ivq¸YvKi
 ‡Kvb ‡èxi Kvwnbx wb‡q Ôgbmvg½jÕ Kve¨ iwPZ ?  gbmv †èx
 gyKz›ìvg PµeZ©x †Kvb avivi Kwe wQj ?  PÐxg½j
 ÔKwe K¼bÕ Kvi Dcvwa  gyKz›ìvg PµeZ©x
 g½j Kv‡eï Kwe bb ?  `vï ivq

 ÔPÐxg•Nj Õ Kv‡eï †kÖô Kwe?  gyKz›` PµeZ©x
 Ôg½j Kv‡e¨Õi iPwqZv bb ?  eo– PÐx`vm
in
 Ôgbmvg½jÕ Kv‡eï GKRb cÖavb iPwqZv n‡jb ?  weRq ¸ß w
 gbmvg½‡ji Avw` Kwe ?  Kvbv nwi`Ë
o.
 mvi`vg½j g½jKve¨ bq, GwU ?  AvaywbK hy‡Mi Kve¨
 Kg½jhy‡Mi †kl Kwei bvg ?
 g½jKve¨ iPbvi g~‡j DwjøwLZ KviY ?
n 

fviZP›`ª ivq¸YvKi
¯^‡cœ †èx KZ©„K Av‡`k jvf
ap
 Ôgbmvg½jÕ Kv‡eï PwiÎ ?  ‡eûjv-jwL›ì
 ÔAvgvi mšÍvb †hb _v‡K `y‡a-fv‡ZÕ PiYwU ?  Abœ`vg½j Kv‡eï
w
 PÐxg½j avivi cÖavb Kwe ?  gyKz›ìvg PµeZ©x

.s
 ÔAvgvi mšÍvb †hb _v‡K `y‡a-fv‡ZÕ cÖv_©bvwU ?  Ck¦ix cvUbxi

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w
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iPwqZv e¨vKiY MÖš’

 bKy‡jk¦i we`¨vf~lY  fvlv‡iva ev½vjv e¨vKiY

 W. gynv¤§` knx`yjøvn  ev½vjv e¨vKiY

 RM`xk P›`ª †Nvl  AvaywbK evsjv e¨vKiY

 KvRx `xb gyn¤§` I myKzgvi †mb  Awfbe e¨vKiY

 gybxi †PŠayix, Beªvnxg Lwjj I †gvdv¾j nvq`vi

 ‡K me©cÖ_g evsjv UvBc mn‡hv‡M evsjv e¨vKiY gy`ªY K‡ib?  Gb we n¨vj‡nW

 ivRv ivg‡gvnb iwPZ evsjv e¨vKi‡Yi bvg Kx?  †MŠoxq e¨vKiY

 cvwbwb †K wQ‡jb?  ‰eqvKiwYK

evsjv e¨vKi‡Yi Av‡jvP¨ welq

evsjv e¨vKi‡Yi Av‡jvP¨ welqt

 ‡Kvb fvlvq mvwn‡Z¨i Mv¤¢xh© I AvwfRvZ¨ cÖKvk cvq ?  mvay fvlvq

 ÔjçÕ cÖ`vb KwijÕÑ Gi PwjZ iƒc †KvbwU ?  jvd w`j

 Ôcvi nBqvÕ Gi PjwZ iƒc †KvbwU ?  ‡cwi‡q

 bvU‡Ki msjv‡ci Dc‡hvMx fvlvi †Kvb ixwZ ?  PwjZ

 ÔA`¨Õ kãwU †Kvb fvlvixwZi D`vniY ?  mvay

Z_¨ †hvM: A`¨ Gi PwjZ iƒc- AvR|

Ij›`vR B¯‹vcb, †UKKv, Zziæc, iæBZb, niZb

ZzwK© PvKi, PvKz, †Zvc, `v‡ivMv, eveywP©, KuvwP

gvqvbgvi(evg©v) dzw½, jyw½

Rvg©vb wKÛvi Mvi‡Ub

 Ô‡gvjv‡qgÕ kãwU †Kvb fvlv †_‡K G‡m‡Q ?  Aviwe

 Ô‡KivbxÕ kãwU †Kvb fvlv †_‡K G‡m‡Q ?  cZz©wMR

†jv‡Ki gy‡L k„•Ljvnxbfv‡e †f‡½ D”PvwiZ nq, †m¸‡jv‡K Aa©-Zrmg kã e‡j|

 Ôgk¸jÕ †Kvb fvlvi kã ?  Aviwe

 Ô‡MivgÕ †Kvb RvZxq kã ?  Aa©Zrmg

 LuvwU evsjv k‡ã wb‡Pi †KvbwU hy³ nq bv ? l

 wb‡Pi †KvbwU GKwU †hvMiƒp kã ?  c½R

 Ô‡MivgÕ †Kvb RvZxq kã ?  Aa©Zrmg

Z_¨ †hvM: ï× wecixZv_©K kã‡Rvo: DÌvb-cZb, DËi-`wÿY, kÎæ-wgÎ| AvKvk-cvZvj n‡e|

 AšÍi½-Gi wecixZv_©K kã †KvbwU ?  ewni½

 ÔeÜyiÕ k‡ãi wecixZ kã †KvbwU ?  gm„Y

 ÔBnKvjÕ Gi wecixZ kã †KvbwU ?  ciKvj

 ÔAvKvkÕ Gi wecixZ kã †KvbwU ?  cvZvj

 ÔMijÕ k‡ãi wecixZ kã wK ?  Ag„Z

 ÔNvUwZÕ Gi wecixZ kã wK ?  evowZ

 Ôbw›`Z-wbw›`ZÕ wK‡mi D`vniY ?  wecixZ kã

 ÒgyL¨Ó Gi wecixZ kã †KvbwU ?  ‡MŠY

 ÔPcjÕ Gi wecixZ kã †KvbwU?  ivkfvix

 J×Z¨ Gi wecixZv_©K kã  webq

 ÔAe©vPxbÕ Gi wecixZ kã †KvbwU ?  cÖvPxb

 FRy k‡ãi wecixZ kã †KvbwU ? n  euvKv/ ew¼g

 Ôwe‡RZvÕ Gi wecixZ kã †KvbwU ?  wewRZ

 ÔZ¡ivÕ - Gi wecixZ kã  wej¤^

 wecixZ kã wjLyb: Av‡jv, AšÍi, GKvj, Nb, a„Z|

 ÔAvwef©veÕ Gi wecixZ kã †KvbwU ?  wZ‡ivfve

 ÔÿxqgvYÕ- Gi wecixZ kã ?  ea©gvb

 Hk¦h© Gi wecixZ kã ?  wbt¯^

 R½g k‡ãi wecixZ kã †KvbwU ?  ¯’vei

 ÔLeiÕ Gi wecixZ kã †KvbwU ?  wRÁvmv

 Ô‡WvevÕ k‡ãi wecixZ A_©  fvmv

 ‡XD : Zi½, Ewg©, exwP; weZi½, K‡jøvj, wn‡jøvj, gnvZi½,Zi½gvjv, g‡nvwg©|

Z_¨ †hvM: fvby k‡ãi A_© m~h©|

 ÔD`xPxÕ k‡ãi A_© DËi w`K

 Ôm~h©Õ k‡ãi cÖwZkã ‡KvbwU ? Avw`Z¨  Ôb„cwZÕ k‡ãi A_© wK ?  ivRv

 ÔcÖKl©Õ k‡ãi mgv_©K kã ?  DrKl©  Ôwbwb©‡glÕ kãwUi A_© Kx ?  AcjK

 Ôme©fzKÕ k‡ãi mgv_©K kã ? Av¸b  ÔAwb›`¨Õ kãwUi A_© Kx?  wbLyuZ

 AK©-k‡ãi mgv_©K kã n‡”Q ?  cÖfvKi  g~pZv k‡ãi A_© Kx ?  AbwfÁZv

 Ô†cjeÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? †Kvgj

 ÒAwbjÓ k‡ãi A_© †KvbwU ?  evZvm  evqmÕ k‡ãi A_©  KvK

 ÔwMwi wbt¯ªverÕ k‡ãi A_© ?  b`x  ÔKv`w¤^bxÕ A_© Kx?  ‡gNgvjv

 Ôg„Mv¼Õ kãwUi A_© n‡jv  P›`ª  ÔwefveixÕ k‡ãi A_©  ivZ

 ÒA‡cvMÛÓ k‡ãi A_©-  AcÖvßeq¯‹