evsjv fvlv I mvwnZ¨ wm‡jevm

µ.bs. wefvM welqe¯‘ gvb

cÖvPxb hyM, ga¨hyM 5
01. evsjv mvwnZ¨
AvaywbK hyM 15
cÖ‡qvM-AccÖ‡qvM, evbvb I evK¨ ïw×, cwifvlv, mgv_©K I wecixZ kã, aŸwb I eY©, kã,
02. evsjv fvlv 15
c`, evK¨, cÖZ¨q, mwÜ, mgvm
†gvU 35

wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU coyb Ges mswkøó cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b (1-5)

wbR‡K wPb‡j gvby‡li g‡b Avcbv-Avcwb GZ eo GKUv †Rvi Av‡m †h, †m Avcb mZ¨ Qvov Avi KvD‡K Kzwb©k K‡i bv– A_©vr †KD
Zv‡K fq †`wL‡q c`vbZ ivL‡Z cv‡i bv| GB †h, wbR‡K †Pbv, Avcbvi mZ¨‡K Avcbvi ¸iæ, c_cÖ`k©K KvÐvwi e‡j Rvbv, GUv `¤¢
bq, AnsKvi bq| GUv AvZ¥v‡K †Pbvi mnR ¯^xKv‡ivw³| Avi hw` GUv‡K ‡KD fzj K‡i AnsKvi e‡j g‡b K‡ib, Zey GUv g‡›`i
fv‡jv – A_©vr wg_¨v web‡qi †P‡q AwaK fv‡jv|

1. Aby‡”Q‡` D‡jøwLZ ÔAnsKviÕ kãwU MwVZ n‡q‡Q †h wbq‡g–––

K. DcmM© L. mgvm
M. mwÜ N. c`-cwieZ©b DËi: M
2. Ô‡Pbv >wPbvÕ †Kvb cÖKv‡ii aŸwb cwieZ©b?
K. m¤úªKl© L. wecÖKl©
M. ¯^im½wZ N. e¨ÄbweK…wZ DËi: M
3. ÔAvcbv-AvcwbÕ †Kvb cÖKvi me©bvg?
K. e¨wZnvwiK L. mvKj¨evPK
M. cyiælevPK N. AvZ¥evPK DËi: K
4. ÔKzwb©kÕ †Kvb fvlvi kã?
K. Aviwe L. ZzwK©
M. dviwm N. D`~© DËi: L
5. Aby‡”Q‡` †gvU weivgwPý KZwU Av‡Q?
K. 11wU L. 12wU
M. 13wU N. 14wU DËi: N

evsjv fvlvi D™¢e m¤ú‡K© fvlvwe`‡`i gšÍe¨

fvlvwe` gšÍe¨
W. mybxwZKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq evsjv fvlvi D™¢e gvMax cÖvK…Z fvlv †_‡K|
W. mybxwZKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vqmn AwaKvsk evsjv fvlv D™¢‡ei mgq wLªóxq `kg kZvãx‡Z|
W. mybxwZKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq evsjv fvlvi Avw`¯Í‡ii w¯’wZKvj `kg †_‡K PZz`©k kZvãx|
W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn evsjv fvlvi D™¢e †MŠox cÖvK…Z fvlv (gvMax cÖvK…‡Zi cÖvP¨Zi iƒc) †_‡K|
W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn evsjv fvlv D™¢‡ei mgq wLª÷xq mßg kZvãx‡Z|
W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn evsjv fvlvi Avw`¯Í‡ii w¯’wZKvj mßg-Øv`k kZvãx

e¨vKi‡Yi Av‡jvP¨ welq

Av‡jvP¨ welq Av‡jvwPZ welq
aŸwbZË¡ aŸwbi D”PviY cÖYvjx, D”Pvi‡Yi ¯’vb, aŸwbi cÖZxK ev e‡Y©i web¨vm, hy³ e¨Äb, aŸwbms‡hvM, ev mwÜ, aŸwbi
cwieZ©b I †jvc, YZ¡ I lZ¡ weavb
kãZË¡ ev iƒcZË¡ kã, k‡ãi DrcwË, k‡ãi MVb, c`, c‡`i cÖKvi‡f`, c`vwkÖZ wb‡`©kK, DcmM©, AbymM©, wØiæw³, cÖK…wZ I
cÖZ¨q, wµqvg~j I avZz iƒc, wµqvi Kvj, wµqvi fve, cyiæl, ePb, KviK , wefw³, mgvm
evK¨ZË¡ ev c`µg evK¨ cÖKib, evK¨ ms‡KvPb/GK K_vq cÖKvk, hwZ ev †Q` wPý, evMaviv, c`web¨vm, cÖev`-cÖePb, evP¨, Dw³
A_©ZË¡ k‡ãi A_© wePvi (mgv_©K, wecixZv_©K kã), ev‡K¨i A_©wePvi, A‡_©i wewfbœ cÖKvi‡f`; gyL¨v_©, †MŠYv_©,
wecixZv_©, cvwifvwlK kã
Page 1 of 80
evsjv e¨vKiY welqK MÖš’

e¨vKiY MÖš’ MÖš’Kvi w¯’iwPÎ

A Grammar of the Bengali DBwjqvg †Kwi
Language (1801)

evsjv e¨vKiY (1852) k¨vgPiY miKvi

e¨vKiY †KŠgy`x (1853) Ck^iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi

ev½vjv e¨vKiY W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn

e¨vKiY gÄyix W. gyn¤§` Gbvgyj nK

AvaywbK evsjv e¨vKiY RM`xkP›`ª ‡Nvl

fvlv cÖKvk evsjv e¨vKiY W. mybxwZKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq

evsjv fvlvi e¨vKiY gybxi †PŠayix, Beªvnxg Lwjj I †gvdv¾j

nvq`vi †PŠayix

cÖwgZ evsjvfvlvi e¨vKiY (evsjv GKv‡Wwg iwdKzj Bmjvg I cweÎ miKvi

cÖYxZ)

aŸwbweÁvb I evsjvaŸwbZË¡ gynv¤§` Ave`yj nvB

Page 2 of 80
 cÖwgZ evsjv fvlvi e¨vKiY W. iwdKzj Bmjvg

evOjv fvlvi e¨vKiY W. myKzgvi †mb

e¨ÄaŸwb
D”Pvi‡Yi ¯’vb‡f‡` e¨ÄbaŸwbi wefvM;
D”PviY ¯’vb D”PviY ¯’vb Abyhvqx bvg e¨ÄbaŸwbi eY©mg~n
wRnŸvg~j KÚ¨ ev wRnŸvg~jxq eY© KLMNO
AMÖZvjy Zvje¨ eY© PQRSTkhq
cðvr `šÍg~j g~a©b¨ ev cðvr `šÍg~jxq eY© UVWXYliop
AMÖ `šÍg~j `šÍ¨ eY© Z_`abjm
Iô¨ Iô¨ eY© cdgefg

A‡Nvl ‡Nvl
D”PviY ¯’vb AícÖvY gnvcÖvY AícÖvY gnvcÖvY bvwmK¨
KÚ¨ K L M N O
Zvjy P Q R S T
g~a©v U V W p Y
`šÍ¨ Z _ ` a b
Iô¨ c d e f g
k, l, m
weMZ wewmGm cÖkœ
1. ‘The Origin and Development of Bengali Language MÖš’wU iPbv K‡i‡Qb––– [33Zg wewmGm]
K. W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn L. W. mybxwZKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq
M. nicÖmv` kv¯¿x N. m¨vi RR© wMÖqvimb DËi: L
2. evsjv K_¨ fvlvi Avw` MÖš’ †KvbwU? [29Zg wewmGm]
K. cÖfz whïi evYx L. K…cvi kv‡¯¿i A_©‡f`
M. dyjgwY I KiæYvi weeiY N. wgkbvwi Rxeb DËi: L
3. ‡KvbwU gynv¤§` Gbvgyj n‡Ki iPbv? [25Zg wewmGm]
K. fvlvi BwZe„Ë L. AvaywbK fvlvZË¡
M. gbxlv-gÄylv N. evsjv‡`‡ki AvÂwjK fvlvi Awfavb
DËi: M
4. Ôev½vjv fvlvi BwZe„Ë Õ Kvi iPbv? [24Zg wewmGm]
K. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn L. gyn¤§` Ave`yj nvB
M. gybxi †PŠayix N. †gvdv¾j †nv‡mb †PŠayix DËi: K
5. W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvni evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i BwZnvm MÖ‡š’i bvg–– [26Zg wewmGm]
K. e½fvlv I mvwnZ¨ L. evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i K_v
M. ev½vjv mvwn‡Z¨i BwZnvm N. evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i BwZe„Ë DËi: L
6. evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i cÖ_g BwZnvm MÖš’ †K iPbv K‡ib? [25Zg wewmGm]
K. myKzgvi †mb L. `x‡bkP›`ª †mb
M. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn N. AwmZKzgvi e‡›`¨vcva¨vq DËi: L
7. evsjv GKv‡Wwgi ÔAvÂwjK AwfavbÕ m¤úv`bv ‡K K‡ib? [24Zg wewmGm (evwZj)]
K. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn L. gyn¤§` Gbvgyj nK
M. gyn¤§` gbmyi DwÏb N. gyn¤§` Ave`yj nvB DËi: K
8. Ôevsjv GKv‡Wwg mswÿß evsjv AwfavbÕ- Gi m¤úv`K †K? [22Zg wewmGm]
K. gyn¤§` Avãyj nvB L. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn
Page 3 of 80
M. gyn¤§` Gbvgyj nK N. Avng` kixd DËi: N
9. evsjv fvlvq cÖ_g e¨vKiY iPbv K‡ib †K? [29Zg wewmGm]
K. Aÿq `Ë L. gvk©g¨vb
M. eªvwm n¨vj‡nW N. ivRv ivg‡gvnb DËi: N
10. ivRv ivg‡gvnb iwPZ evsjv e¨vKi‡Yi bvg wK? [27Zg wewmGm]
K. gvMaxq e¨vKiY L. †MŠoxq e¨vKiY
M. gvZ…fvlv e¨vKiY N. fvlv I e¨vKiY DËi: L
cÖ‡qvM-AccÖ‡qvM
wbqg AccÖ‡qvM cÖ‡qvM
 mvaviY cÖZ¨‡qi AccÖ‡qvM Avek¨Kxq Avek¨K
 ÔZvÕ Ges ÔZ¡Õ cÖZ¨‡qi AccÖ‡qvM DrKl©Zv DrKl©,DrK…óZv
 DrKl©evPK Zi, Zg cÖZ¨‡qi AccÖ‡qvM MwiôZi Mwiô
 mgvmRwbZ Aïw× Anwb©wk Anwb©k
 mwÜRwbZ Aïw× Dc‡iv³ Dchy©³
 evûj¨RwbZ Aïw× Aί’v‡b AÎ
 we‡klY wØZ¡RwbZ Aïw× AvKywjZ AvKzj
 ‡bwZevPK ev Lvivc A_© cÖ`vb Ki‡j `-Gi mv‡_ D-Kvi nq| `~b©xwZ `yb©xwZ
 e¨eavb A_© eySv‡j `-Gi mv‡_ E-Kvi nq| `yi`k©b `~i`k©b
 ‡hme cÖ‡kœi Reve Ôn¨vuÕ ev ÔbvÕ Øviv †`Iqv hvq , †m‡ÿ‡Î ÔwKÕ ‡m Kx Avgv‡K †P‡b? ‡m wK Avgv‡K †P‡b?
e¨eüZ nq|
 ‡hme cÖ‡kœi Revi Ôn¨vuÕ ev ÔbvÕ Øviv †`Iqv hvq bv, †m‡ÿ‡Î ÔKxÕ ‡Zvgvi bvg wK? ‡Zvgvi bvg Kx?
e¨eüZ nq|
 ‡hme k‡ãi †k‡l Ô¯’Õ Av‡Q,AwaKvsk †ÿ‡Î †m kã †_‡K Ô¯’Õ ev` AšÍ¯Í AšÍ¯’
†`Iqvi ciI kãwU A_©‡evaK _v‡K|
 ‡hme k‡ãi †k‡l Ô¯ÍÕ Av‡Q, AwaKvsk †ÿ‡Î †m kã †_‡K Ô¯ÍÕ ev` A¯’ A¯Í
w`‡j A_©‡evaK _v‡K bv|
 ‡h kã‡K fvO‡j wØZxq k‡ãi cÖ_‡g A-Kvi cvIqv hvq †mme k‡ã we+AMÖ = weMÖ we+AMÖ = e¨MÖ
ïay Ôe¨Õ n‡e|
 ‡h kã‡K fvO‡j w`¦Zxq k‡ãi cÖ_‡g A-Kvi cvIqv hvq †mme k‡ã we+AvKzj = e¨Kzj we+AvKzj = e¨vKzj
ïay Ôe¨vÕ nq|
 ‡Kej cwiavb Kiv A‡_© ÔcivÕ e¨eüZ nq| Avwg kvU© c‡owQ| Avwg kvU© c‡iwQ|
 evwK me †ÿ‡Î cov Ôn‡eÕ| Avwg Dcb¨vm cwi| Avwg Dcb¨vm cwo|
 me f~Z evbvb E-Kvi w`‡q nq| A½xfzZ A½xf~Z
 GK gvÎ A™¢zZ evbv‡b D-Kvi nq| A™¢~Z A™¢zZ
 ‡Kej RxweKv k‡ãi evbv‡b e-G n«¯^ B-Kvi ÔweÕ nq| RxexKv RxweKv
 evKx me Rxex-‡Z C-Kvi nq| AvBbRxwe AvBbRxex
 kã `y‡Uv Ôgš¿xÕ k‡ãi †k‡l †hvM n‡j Ôgš¿xÕ evbvb Avi ÔCÕ Kvi gš¿xcwil` gwš¿cwil`
_v‡K bv|
weMZ mv‡ji wewmGm cÖkœ
1. ‡KvbwU‡Z AccÖ‡qvM N‡U‡Q?
K. Revew`wn L. wg_w¯Œqv
M. GKwÎZ N. ‡MŠiweZ DËi: M
2. Òcyi®‹vi- weZiYx Abyôv‡bi cwi‡ek GZ Acwi®‹viÓ!- evK¨wUi wb¤œ‡iLv c‡` l/m e¨envi-
K. cÖ_gwU Aï×, wØZxqwU ï× L. cÖ_gwU ï×, wØZxqwU Aï×
M. `y‡UvB Aï× N. `y‡UvB ï× DËi: M
3. ‡Kvb evK¨wU ï×?
K. Zvnvi Rxeb mskqc~b© L. Zvnvi Rxeb mskqgq
M. Zvnvi Rxeb mskqvc~Y© N. Zvnvi Rxeb mskqfiv DËi: M
4. ï× evK¨wU wPwýZ Kiæb-
K. we`¨vb e¨w³MY `wi‡`ªi wkKvi nb
L. we`¨vb e¨w³MY `vwi`ªZvi wkKvi nb
M. weØvb e¨w³MY `vwi‡`ª¨i wkKvi nb
Page 4 of 80
N. we`¨vb e¨w³MY `wi`ªZvi ¯^xKvi nb DËi: M
5. ‡KvbwU ï× evK¨?
K. GKUv †Mvcbxq K_v ewj L. GKwU †Mvcb K_v ewj
M. GKwU †MvcY K_v ewj N. GKwU ¸ß K_v ewj DËi: K
6. ï× evK¨ †KvbwU?
K. `ye©jZvekZ Abvw_bx e‡m coj
L. `ye©jZvekZt Abvw_bx e‡m coj
M. `ye©jZvekZ Abv_v e‡m coj
N. `ye©jkZ Abv_v e‡m coj DËi: M
evbvb ïw×
wbqg Aï× ï×
e¯‘evPK kã I cÖvwYevPK A-Zrmg k‡ãi †k‡l B-Kvi n‡e| evox,cvLx evwo,cvwL

‡`k,RvwZ I fvlvi bvg wjL‡Z me©`v B-Kvi n‡e| Rvg©vbx,evOvjx,Bs‡iRx Rvg©vwb, evOvwj, Bs‡iwR

-Bbx, -C, Cqmx, -bx, -eZx, -gZx,-gqx AšÍ¨ cÖZ¨qhy³ ¯¿xevPK k‡ãi †k‡l bvwi,Rbwb bvix,Rbbx
me©`v C-Kvi n‡e|

we‡`wk k‡ãi evbvb evsjvq †jLvi mgq ÔlÕ I ÔYÕ n‡q ÔmÕ I ÔbÕ n‡e| ‡ókb ‡÷kb

evbv‡b †h e‡Y©i Dci †id _vK‡e, †mB e‡Y© wØZ¡ n‡e bv| Kvh©¨vjq Kvh©vjq

we¯§m~PK Ae¨q (†hgb: evt/wQt/Dt BZ¨vw`) e¨ZxZ evsjv †Kv‡bv k‡ãi †k‡l Kvh©Zt Kvh©Z
wemM© _vK‡e bv|

‡Kv‡bv k‡ãi †k‡l hw` C-Kvi _v‡K, †mB k‡ãi m‡½ mfv, Zv, bx BZ¨vw` hy³ gwš¿mfv,m½xbx gš¿xmfv,mw½bx
n‡q hw` bZyb kã MVb K‡i Z‡e c~e©eZ©x k‡ãi C-Kvi beMwVZ k‡ã mvaviYZ
B-Kv‡i cwiYZ nq|

k‡ãi DaŸ©Kgv I nm&wPý h_vh_ eR©b Kiv n‡e| nÕj nj

A™¢zZ-Gi fzZ e¨ZxZ Avi me f~Z-G ÔD-KviÕ ( ~ ) n‡e| Awff~Z AwffzZ
mw܇Z cÖ_g c‡`i †g‡l g& _vK‡j K e‡M©i c~‡e© g& ¯’v‡b s †jLv n‡e| Ang&Kvi AnsgKvi
we‡klYevPK ÔAvwjÕ cÖZ¨qhy³ k‡ã B-Kvi (w) n‡e| iƒcvjx iƒcvwj
‡hme Zrmg k‡ã B, C ev E, E Dfq ï× ‡mme k‡ãi †Kej B ev D Ges Zvi wKse`šÍx wKse`wšÍ
KviwPÎ w y e¨envi n‡e|

eY© wKQy RwUj k‡ãi evbvb

A AK¯§vr, AMœ¨vrkq, AMœy¨rcvZ, AwPšÍ¨, AZ¨waK, Aa¨vZ¥, Awb›`¨, Ab~aŸ©, AšÍtmË¡v, AšÍRv¦© jv, A‡šÍ¨wówµqv, AcvO‡³q,
AgZ©¨, Acivnè, Aj•N¨, Ak^_
Av AvKv•ÿv, Av`ª©, Avwe®‹vi, AvwýK, Avbylw½K
D D‰”Pt¯^‡i, D”Q¡vm, D¾¡j, D˨³, Dw™¢¾, Dchy©³, Dcjwä, EaŸ©
G,H GZØviv, GZ`e¨ZxZ, HKvZ¥¨, H‡›`ªRvwjK, Hkxkw³, HlxK
I,J IôvKi, IRw¯^Zv,IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e,J¾¡j¨, J×Z¨, JY©bvf
K KZ…,© KZ©„K, KΩx, Kvw•ÿZ, K…”Q«, K…wËevm, K¡wPr, µ’i, K¼Y
ÿ ÿzä, ÿzwbœe„wË, wÿwZk, †ÿcYv¯¿, ÿzavwbe„wË, M‡Ük^ix
M Mvn©¯’¨, MÖx®§, M„wnYx, MYbv, M‡Ðwc‡Ð, M‡Ük^ix
N N~Y©vqgvb, NUbvewj, N›Uv, NwbôZv, N„ZvûwZ, Nªv‡Yw›`ªq
R R‡jv”Q¡vm, RvR¦j¨gvb, Rxevk¥, R¦i, R¦jR¦j, R¦jv, R¦vjv, R¦vjvwb, †R¨ô,‰R¨ô, †R¨vr¯œv, †R¨vwZ, †R¨vwZlx, †R¨vwZ®‹|
U,V UBU¤^yi, UxKvwUàbx, Uvbv‡cv‡ob, Uvbv‡nuPov, VvÆvZvgvkv, VvKzi cyRv|
Z ZrÿYvr, ZË¡, ZË¡veavb, Z`e¨ZxZ, ZvwË¡K, Zxÿè, Z~òxÐve, Z¡K, Z¡iY, Z¡ivwš^Z, Z¨³|
` `qv`ª©, `vwi`ª¨,`yivKv•ÿv, `ywb©ixÿ¨, †`ŠivZ¥¨, Ø›`¦, †Øl, ˆØZ, ب_©, `~¨Zµxov|

Page 5 of 80
 a aŸb¨Z¥K, aŸsm, aŸwb|
b bT_©K, wbK¡Y, wbØ©›Ø, wbwØ©a, ˆbS©Z, b¨¯Í, by¨â b~¨bZg, wbkxw_bx|
c cK¡, cO&w³, c², civ•gyL, cwi¯ªveY, cvk^©, cÖwZØw›ØZv, cÖZz¨l, cÖvZtK…Z¨, cÖvZå©Rb|
e eÿ¨gvY, e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, eܨv, e‡qv‡R¨ô, ewnwiw›`ªq,evZ¨vweaŸ¯Í, evj¥xwK, weؾb, wefxwlKv, wef~wZf~lY, ˆewPΨ, ˆe`»¨
ˆewkó¨, e¨³, e¨w³¯^vZš¿¨, e¨MÖ, e¨½, e¨Äbv, e¨wZµg, e¨wZ‡i‡K, e¨wZe¨¯’, e¨ZxZ, e¨ZxZ, e¨Z¨q, e¨w_Z, e¨c‡`k|
f ‡fŠMwjK, åvZ…Z¡, åvZz®úyÎ, åvšÍ, åvg¨gvY|
g gaym~`b, mb¯ÍË¡, gZ©¨, gvnvZ¥¨, gyûg©yû, gyg~l©y,gyn~Z©, g‡nŠla, g„Yvwjbx, g„wËKv, w¤ªqgvY|
h h‡_vchy³, h`¨wc, hktcÖv_©x, h²v, hk¯^x, hv”Tv, hv_v_©¨, h~cKvô, †hvMiƒp,‡hŠe‡bvËxY©|
i ‡iŠ`ª, iæw·Yx, iæwPweMwn©Z, iƒcY, †iŠ`ªK‡iv¾¡j, †iŠie, †iŠc¨, †iŠkb|
j j²Y, j²x, jN~KiY, jy‡ßv×vi, †jv‡gv`&Mg|
k kvk^Z, wki‡ñ`, wkl¨, k^ïi, k^kÖƒ(kvïwo), k^vc`, k¥kvb, k¥kÖƒ (`vwo), kÖפú‡`ly, kÖxgZx, †k¨b, †kø®§v, wkitcxov,
ïkÖƒlv|
l lovbb, lvY¥vZzi, lvY¥vwmK|
m msea©bv, mËv, mË¡, m‡Ë¡I, mܨv, mbœ¨vm, mbœ¨vmx m‡¤§jb, mi¯^Zx, mvwË¡K, mvšÍ¡bv, wm›`yi, m~², †mŠnv`©¨, ¯^Ztù~Z©, ¯^Z¡,
¯^v‡”Q›`¨, ¯^vZš¿¨, ¯^vqËkvmb, ¯^v¯’¨, ¯§iY|
n nxb¤§b¨Zv, n«¯^, n«vm, ürwcÐ, †nuvPU, n«¯x^ f~Z, †n«lv, n«`|
KwZcq k‡ãi D”PviY
kã D”PviY kã D”PviY
Awÿ IK&wL Kÿ ‡KvK&‡Lv
AvZ© Avi&‡Zv Lei L‡evi&
BZ¯ÍZ BZm&Z‡Zv MMb M‡Mvb&
Clr BkZ& NUbv N‡Uvbv
Drm DZ&‡kv Pcj P‡cvj&
EaŸ© Di&‡av Qjbv Q‡jvbv
Fwl wiwk RbK R‡bvK&
GKZv G‡KvZv cY¨ ‡cvb&‡bv
HK¨ IB&K‡& Kv dwUK ‡dvwUK&
IRb I‡Rvb ebdzj e‡bvdzj
J`vh© ID&`vi&‡Rv f³ fK&‡Zv
weMZ mv‡ji wewmGm cÖkœ
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Page 6 of 80
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Page 7 of 80
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Page 8 of 80
Generation cÖRb¥ Joint ‡hŠ_
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Page 9 of 80
 Qualification ‡hvM¨Zv Tender `icÎ
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Page 10 of 80
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Ck Ck^i, cÖfz, ¯^vgx, cvjK, iÿK, gwbe|
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Dc‡fvM Dc‡mev, myL‡fvM, m‡¤¢vM, †fvM|
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Eb nxb, `ye©j, b~¨b, Kg|
Ewg© Zi½, †XD, exwP, K‡jøvj, jni, wn‡jøvj|
F× cyó, mg„×, DbœZ, gm„×kvjx, Fw×gvb|
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Fÿ mßwl©gÐj, bÿÎ, FÿgÐj|
FRy ‡mvRv, Aeµ, mnR, mij, AKcU|
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Page 11 of 80
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KviY †nZz, D‡Ïk¨, Rb¨, wbwgwË, cÖ‡qvRb|
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KvRj Kvwjgv, gvwjb¨, fzmv, myg©v, AÄb, K¾j|
wKkjq KwPcvZv, becjøe|
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LvuwU weï×, Avmj, AK…wÎg, wb‡f©Rvj, †fRvjnxb, mZ¨, cÖK…Z, mvi, AweK…Z, h_v_©|
Li avivjv, cÖLi, kvwbZ, wbwkZ, iæp, KK©k, Zxeª, cÖej, DMÖ, Zxÿè|
Lei evZ©v, msev`, ZË¡, ZË¡veavb, m‡›`k, mgvPvi, mÜvb|
‡Lvjmv gy», cwi®‹…Z, ¯úó, wek`, †Lvjv, k~b¨, Db¥y³|
Lvivc Kz, weKj, e`, g›`, wbK…ó, `yó, bó|
LoM Awm, Zievwi, Z‡jvhvi K…cvY|
Le© ‡eu‡U, †QvU, mn¯ª‡KvwU msL¨v, n«¯|^
M½v myiaŸbx, fvMxi_x, Rvýex, RýKb¨v|
M„n Ni,avg, Avevm, Avjq, wbjq, wb‡KZb, feb, m`b, evwo, evwU, wbevm, AvMvi, Kÿ, evm¯’vb, AvkÖq|
MwZ Mgb, Pjb, hvÎv, Mg¨Zv, mÂjb, Dcvq|
Miæ ‡Mv, †aby, Mvfx, cqwg¦bx, †Mviæ|
‡Mvuqvi AwkwÿZ, KvÐÁvbnxb, AmgmvnwmK, D×…Z, nUKvix|
M~p wbf…Z, Av”Qvw`Z AvbycÖ‡ek, `y‡e©va, `nb, ¸ß, AcÖKvwkZ|
M‡Yk webvqK, MRvbb, MRcwZ, KvwZ©‡Ki åvZv, wke-cve©Zxi cyÎ|
Nb cÖej, Mfxi, †gvUv, RgvU|
‡NvPv ‡jvc cvIqv, †gvPb, bó nIqv, †kl Kiv, weMZ nIqv|
NvZ AvNvZ, †Kvc, nZ¨v, Nv, ÿZ, †PvU, cÖnvi|
N„Yv AkÖ×v, j¾v‡eva, Am¤§vb, Acgvb, weivM, AeÁv, †Nbœv|
‡Nvov Ak^, †NvUK, Zzi½, evRx, ZziM, Zzi½g|
PÂj Aw¯’i, Pcj, e¨vKzj, wePwjZ, QUd‡U|
PZzi eyw×gvb, PvjvK, wbcyY, Kzkj, a~Z©, VM|
P›`ª Pvu`, kkai, wbkvKi, myavKi, Kzgy`bv_, kxZvsï, Kjvf„r, Kjvai, g„Mv¼, kkx, wbkvbv_, wØRivR, wbkvKvšÍ,
wbkvcwZ, B›`y, P›`ªgv, wngKi, Kjvwbwa, myavwbw_, ewngvsï, myavsï, mxZvsï,‡mvg, kkv¼, weay, wngvsï|
Pÿz AvuwL, †PvL, Awÿ, `k©b, CÿY, `„wó, `„K, †bÎ, bqb|
Pcj PÂj, Zij, Abew¯’Z, ÿY¯’vqx, cÖMjf|
PiY AvPiY, Abyôvb, ågY, wePiY, c`, cv|
P~ov kxl©, gyKzU, SzuwU, f’lY, ce©ZwkLi, wUwK, †kÖô, cÖavb|
wPý ‡iLv, `vM, Qvc, m‡¼Z, Bkviv, AwfÁvb, wb`k©b|
Pviæ my›`i, my`k©b, myKzgvi, jwjZ, g‡bvig|
wPÎ Qwe, Av‡jL¨, Avðh©, PgrKvi, wewPÎ, bKkv, cÖwZg~wZ©|
ˆPZb¨ ‡PZbv, Abyf~wZ, mvov, msÁv, Rxeb, cÖvY, ûuk, RvMiY, Ávb|
Page 12 of 80
Qvov Z¨vM Kiv, ev` †`qv, hvÎv ïiæ Kiv, Ly‡j hvIqv, cÖ¯’vb Kiv, ewR©Z, e¨ZxZ|
Qbœ cÖ”Qbœ, Qbœ Qvov,AvkÖqnxb,QbœgwZ, †gvnMÖ¯Í, Av”Qvw`Z|
Qj Qjbv, cÖZviYv, e¨c‡`k, Dcjÿ|
Qwe Av‡jL¨,`xwß, †kvfv, KvwšÍ, cÖwZg~wZ©|
Qvi Zz”Q, g›`, bMY¨, Aag|
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Rj cvwb, cvbxq, evwi, mwjj, cqt, A¤^y, bxi, D`K, Rxeb, Ac, A¤¢, †Zvq, AY©|
Rb¥ DrcwË, RxebKvj, †`nvwkÖZ, AvMgb|
RwUj KwVb, k³, iƒp, `y‡e©va¨, †Mvj‡g‡j, Rov‡bv, Amij|
‡RVv evPvj, dvwRj, AKvjcK¡, ev‡ci eo fvB|
Rjvkq R‡ji Avavi, Rjvavi, m‡ivei, cy®‹wibx, cyKzi|
SÅvU nv½vgv, †jVv, AkvwšÍ, d¨vmv`, wecwË|
SvuR AvuP, cÖLi, weKxY©, Zvc, DËvc, ù~wj½, `y¨wZ|
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Svov weivgnxb, DRvo Kiv, GKUvbv, wb‡ÿc Kiv|
S¼vi kã, exYv, AbyiYb, ¸Äb, MR©b, ZR©b|
U¨v· Ki, LvRbv, gvmyj, evRvi †Uvj|
Uvb Avmw³, AvKl©Y, ggZv|
Uvbv we¯Í…Z Kiv, j¤^v Kiv, cvb Kiv|
‡Uvc ‡gvnbxq e¯‘, Lv`¨ we‡kl, †jvf, DuPz bKkv|
‡Uvjv cwjø, cvov, Aví gvby‡li evm¯’vb|
wVK h_v_©, mZ¨, DËg, fv‡jv, b¨vh¨, wbf©yj|
Vvni Dcjwä, g‡bv‡hvM, wbixÿv, `„wó|
WMv AMÖfvM, AvMv, m¤§yLfvM, kxl©|
WvKmvB‡U wm×n¯Í, me¨mvPx, mKj ¸‡Y we‡kwlZ, weL¨vZ|
‡XD Zi½, Ewg©, exwP, weZi½, K‡jøvj, wn‡jøvj, gnvZi½, Zi½gvjv, g‡nvwg©|
XvKbv Av”Qv`b, AveiY, Ave„Z Kiv|
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ZU Zxi, K~j, cvo, avi, wKbviv, cywjb, ˆmKZ, Pov|
ZË¡ ZrwelqK Ávb, weÁvb, g~j welq, Ae¯’v, ¯^iƒc, h_v_©, cvigvw_©K Ávb, k„•LwjZ Ávb|
Zbqv Kb¨v, †g‡q, `ywnZv, AvZ¥Rv|
Z…òv wccvmv, †Zóv, wcqvm, Rjcv‡bi B”Qv, †fvM Kivi B”Qv|
Zcb m~h©, iwe, fvby, cÖfvKi, w`bcwZ|
ZK© weZK©, hyw³, ev`vbyev`, †nZz, Abygvb|
_wjqv Szwo, _‡j, Avavi, †eviv|
_B _B VvuB, K‚j, AvkÖq|
‡`eZv myi, †`e, wÎ`k, Agi, ARi, VvKzi, Ck^i|
w`b w`ev, w`em, w`bgvb, Aý, Ant, Anb, evmi|
`vm f…Z¨, PvKi, µxZ`vm, AbyMZ, Aaxb, †Mvjvg, †eZbfz³, cwiPvjK, †eZb‡fvMx|
‡`vKvb wecbx, AvcY, cY¨M„n, cY¨wewPÎv, cY¨kvjv|
`xb `wi`ª, KvZi, nxb, AfveMÖ¯Í, Afvehy³, Mwie|
‡`n Mv, MvÎ, A½, Kvq, Kvqv, K‡jei, Zby, kixi|
`vb Ac©Y, `qv, weZiY, DrmM©, m¤úª`vb|
`i` ggZv, Uvb, mg‡e`bv, e¨Zv, †e`bv|
`„p KwVb, gReyZ, k³, cÖ¯Íi eÜb, gywó, AUj, AwePwjZ|
ab A_©, ˆefe, wefe, wef‚wZ, m¤ú`, m¤úwË, wbwa, Hk^h©, weË, UvKvKwo|
axi gš’i, g„`y, APÂj,kvšÍ, b¤ª, we‡ePK, w¯’i, M¤¢xi, ˆah©kxj, w¯’ieyw×|
aej mv`v, †k^Z, wmZ, ïK¬, ïå, ïåZv|
aviv cÖevn, evwi, ¯ªve, wbS©i, AkÖæ, cÖ¯ªeY, Sibv, k„•Ljv, wbqgixwZ, aib, iKg|
bvix igYx, ¯¿x‡jvK, igv, Aejv, gwnjv, A½bv, ewbZv, Kvwgbx, fvwgbx, jjbv, KvšÍv, mxgwšÍbx, cZœx|
bi cyiæl, gvbyl, gvbe, gbyl¨, Rb, †jvK, gi`, g`©|
Page 13 of 80
b`x ‡¯ªvZtw¯^bx, ZwUbx, Ziw½Yx, cÖevwnbx, ˆkewjbx, K‡jøvwjbx, MvO|
wbqvg wewa, Kvbyb, wb‡`©k,e¨e¯’v, m~Î, avivc×wZ, k„•Ljv|
wb`ªv Nyg, wekÖvg, iv‡Zi Aemv`, mywß|
bvk ‡kl, f®§, ÿq, aŸsm, webvk|
big ‡Kvgj, g„`y, kvšÍ, fvecÖeY, `qv, †¯œn, AbyK‚j|
wbMÖn `Ð, kvmb, k„•Ljv, `gb, Kó, wb‡iva|
cyÎ ‡Q‡j, Zbq, b›`b, myZ, `yjvj, AvZ¥R, A½R|
cv_i cÖ¯Íi, cvlvY, wkjv, Ak¥, Dcj, gwY|
cÙ c¼R, m‡ivR, miwmR, Kgj, bwjb, Drcj, kZ`j, Kzejq, Zvgim, Aiwe›`, m‡ivei, B›`xei, †KvKb`, Kzgy`,
cy®‹i, ivRxe|
c„w_ex aiv, aiwY, awiÎx, gnx, †gw`bx, wÿwZ, Aewb, emyÜiv, emygZx, c„Z¡x, `ywbqv, emyav, f‚, f‚gÐj, RMr, gZ©¨,eªþvÐ,
wek^, fzeb, AwLj, f‚‡jvK, De©x, gi‡jvK, msmvi|
ce©Z cvnvo, APj, wMwi, f~ai, ˆkj, Aw`ª, YM, k„½, wkLix, gnxai, k„½ai, gnxaª, f‚f…r|
cvwL cÿx, wenM, wen½, wen½g, kKzš,Í wØR, cZÎx, †LPi, LM|
cvc cvZK, Kjyl, `y®‹…wZ, `ywiZ, Aag©, `y®‹g©, `yw®Œqv|
cyY¨ ag©, myK…wZ, †kÖq, mrKvh©, ag©vbyôvb|
wcZv evc, AveŸv, evev, RbK, Rb¥`vZv, RwbZv, RbwbqZv|
cy®ú dyj, Kzmyg, cªm~b, i½b|
dzj cy®ú, Kvbb, cÖm~b,Kzmyg, i½b|
wedj djnxb, Am¤ú~Y©, Amg_©, APj, Asknxb|
duvK k~b¨, Lvwj, AeKvk, Aemi, Abve„Z, Ask, e¨eavb, AšÍi|
we`y¨r weRwj, Zwor, ÿYcÖfv, †mŠ`vwgbx, Pcjv, PÂjv, AwPi cÖfv, k¯úv|
e¯¿ Kvco, emb, A¤^i, †cvkvK, cwi”Q`, †ek, cwi‡aq, Av”Qv`b|
eb AiY¨, R½j, Kvbb, wewcb, KzÄ, KvÐvi, AUwe, Dceb, ebvbx, Mnb|
eÜz wgÎ, evÜe, mLv, myür, wn‰Zlx, ¯^Rb, wcÖqRb, cÖYqx|
evZvm evqy, evZ, Awbj, ceb, nvIqv, mgxeY, mgxi, giær, gviæZ, cÖfvÄb, MÜen, MÜevn|
e„ÿ cv`c, MvQ, Ziæ, weUcx, `ªæg, gnxiæn, kvLx, wkLix|
ågi gaywjU, gaywjn, gay‡jn, gay‡jnx, gayc, gayKi, Awj, f…½, wkjxgyL, gayeªn,‡fvgiv, †gŠgvwQ, gayf„r, gaygwÿKv|
gq~i ‡KKv, †KKx, wkLx, wkLÐx, Kjvcx, en©x|
gvZv gv, Av¤§v, Rbbx, cÖm~wZ, Mf©avwibx, Rb¥`vÎx, RbwqÎx, RwbKv, RwbÎx|
fvh©v ¯¿x, cZœx, mnawgbx, Aa©vw½bx, `vi, ewYZv, ea~, eD, Rvqv, M„wnbx, `viv|
gyKzj Kwj, KwjKv, Kzuwo, †KviK|
g„Zz¨ giY, bvk, webvk, wbab, AšÍ, B‡šÍKvj, wbcvZ, ci‡jvKMgb, ¯^M©jvf, †`nZ¨vM, cÂZ¡cªvwß, †jvKvšÍbMgb,
Bnjxjv, mseiY, wPiwe`vq, †kl wbtk¦vm Z¨vM|
‡gN Nb, evwi`, Rj`, Rxg~Z, A¤^y`, †Zvq`, c‡qvai, cR©b¨, bxi`, c‡qv`|
gwZ B”Qv, cÖe„wË, e„w×, gb, Ávb, AwfcÖvq|
hy× mgi, iY, msMÖvg, jovB, weMÖn, Ø›Ø, wRnv`|
hk KxwZ©, L¨vwZ, cÖw_Zhk, h‡kvgwÐZ, h‡kvMv_v|
‡hvM¨ Dchy³, mg_©, h_v‡hvvM¨, ejevb, kw³kvjx, mÿg, mvg_©¨|
ie kã, aŸwb, AvIqvR, ¸Re, bv`, ¯^i, wbbv`, Avive, Avie|
ivZ wbwk, wbkv, iRwb, hvwgbx, ke©ix, wefveix, wbkxw_bx, ÿY`v, wÎhvgv, ivwÎ|
ivRv ivR¨cvj, `Ðai, `Ðcvj, `ÐcvjK, b„cwZ, b‡ik, f‚c, f‚cwZ, bicwZ, f‚cvj, gnxcvj, gnxc, gnxcvZ, gnxk|
kÎæ Awi, ˆeix, wicy, AwgÎ, cÖwZcÿ, wecÿ, `ykgb, we‡Ølx|
wkÿY Aa¨qb, wkÿv, Aa¨vcb, Dc‡`k, wkÿYxq|
wkó kvšÍ, mykxj, f`ª, bxwZevb, wkwÿZ|
lÐ lvuo, e„l, Flf, ewjô, kw³kvjx|
loim KUz, wZ³, K‡Vvi, jeY, A¤ø, gayi GB QqwU im‡K eySvq loim ej‡Z|
mc© Awn, DiM, fzRM, fzR½g, bvM, dbx, dbvai, Avkxwel, welai, mvc|
mgy`ª mvMi, wmÜz, evwiwa, Rjwa, AY©e, cvivevi, iZœvKi, Rjwbwa, bxjv¤^y, A¤^ywa, m‡ivwa, cv_vi, evixk, D`wa,
c‡qvwbwa|
¯^M© myi‡jvK, †`e‡jvK, `y¨‡jvK, wÎw`e, wÎ`kvjq, †`evevm, †e‡nkZ, AgiveZx, myicyi, myicyix, B›`ª‡jvK,
†`ef~wg, w`e¨‡jvK, †`ecyix, RvbœvZ|
Page 14 of 80
 ¯^Y© ‡mvbv, KbK, KvÂb, wniY¨, myeY©, †ng, wniY|
m~h© w`evKvi, cÖfvKi, fv¯‹i, iwe, Zcb, mweZv, AK©, AvdZvi, w`‡bk, w`bgwY, w`bbv_, wKiYgvjx, Asïgvjx,
Avw`Z¨, gvZ©Ð, wgwni, wefvemy, m~i, wgÎ, w`bcwZ, gq~Lgvjx, fvby, Aiæb, m~i, wgÎ, wefvKi|
my›`i g‡bvig, g‡bvni, †kvfb, my‡kvfb, my`„k¨, Pviæ, igYxq, ig¨, †kvfvhy³, Kgbxq, KvwšÍgvb, jveY¨gq, KvwšÍgZx,
KvwšÍhy³, †mŠ›`h©kvjx, my`k©b, jwjZ, my`k©, mykvšÍ, myPviæ, bqbiÄb, †kvfvgq|
mshg wbqg, wbqš¿Y, wbMÖn, `gb, †iva, wb‡iva, eªZ|
wmsn ‡Kkix, g„MivR, g„‡M›`ª, nwi, nh©ÿ|
¯¿x cZœx, ea~, `vi, Rvqv, M„wnYx, Aav©w½bx, ewYZv, fvh©v, †eŠ, Aa©v½x|
mg~n MY, wbPq, Pq, e„›`, mgy`q, eM©,gvjv, ivwR, mKj, cUj, cyÄ, wbKi, ivwk, mg¯Í, `j, †kÖwY, cvj|
nvwZ MR, `šÍx, wØc, n¯Íx, e„sMj, bk, eviY, KzÄi|
n¯Í nvZ, Ki, evû, fzR, cvwY|
nZ bvwkZ, g„Z, bó, †MŠie, †PZb, e„w×, fvM¨|
nxb bxP, Aag, AebZ, Ae¯’v, AwZkq, webxZ, ÿxY, `y`©kvcbœ, wb›`bxq|
wecixZv_©K kã
g~j kã wecixZv_©K kã g~j kã wecixZv_©K g~j kã wecixZv
kã kã
Aí ‡ewk/ AÜKvi Av‡jv Ac©Y MÖnY
AwaK
AMÖ cðvr Ae©vPxb cÖvPxb AwZKvq ÿy`ªKvq
AšÍi evwni AYy e„nr AcPq mÂq
AMÖR AbyR Aag DËg A¤ø gayi
AÁ weÁ Aciva wbiciva AgiveZx biK
APj mPj AagY© DËgY© A_©x cÖZ¨_©x
Av‡jv AÜKvi AebwZ DbœwZ Akb Abkb
AwZKvq ÿy`ªKvq Amxg mmxg Abvwej Avwej
Ajm cwikÖgx AjxK mZ¨/ev¯Íe Avwefv©e wZ‡ivfve
Aag DËg AebZ DbœZ Avwef~Z© wZ‡ivwnZ
A_© Ab_© Abyi³ wei³ Avw`ó wbwl×
AbyMÖn wbMÖn Af¨vm Abf¨vm AvKzÂb cÖmviY
AwZe„wó Abve„wó AÁvb Ávb Ave„Z Abve„Z
Avg`vwb ißvwb DcwPKxl©v AcwPKxl©v Kvcyiæl exicyiæl
AvMgb wbM©gb Db¥xjb wbgxjb ‡Kvgj KwVb
Avek¨K Abvek¨K Db¥yL wegyL K…k ¯’zj
Avw¯ÍK bvw¯ÍK DbœxZ AebwgZ K„ò ïå
Avw` AšÍ D`¨g weivg ‡KŠZznjx wbt¯ú„n
Avw`g AwšÍg Dcw¯’Z Abycw¯’Z Kzjxb AšÍ¨R
Avjm¨ kÖg DZiv‡bv Zjv‡bv Kíbv ev¯Íe
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AvuwV kvum DØ„Ë NvUwZ KvR wekÖvg
Av¯’v Abv¯’v DwÌZ cwZZ Kvh©Ki AKvh©Ki
Avnvi Abvnvi DËivqY `wÿYvqb Kz‡giæ my‡giæ
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Avn~Z Abvn~Z D×Z webxZ Kzu‡o KzwV
Av`ª© Abv`ª© Eli De©i K…wÎg ¯^vfvweK
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BZi f`ª EaŸ©Zb Aa¯Íb ÿwqòz ewa©òz
Bó Awbó En¨ ¯úó wÿß kvšÍ
Bn‡jvK ci‡jvK FRy eµ LyuZ wbLyuZ
Page 15 of 80
B”QzK Awb”QzK GKZv wew”QbœZv LÐ ALÐ
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Cl©v cÖxwZ GKvj ‡mKvj Lwi` weµq
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Clr AwaK Gw`K Iw`K Mij Ag„Z
Ckvb ˆbF©Z HwnK cviwÎK ‡MŠY gyL¨
C`„k Zv`„k HK¨ we‡f` MÖvg¨ kû‡i
D`q AšÍ Hw”QK Avewk¨K ‡MŠie jvNe
DwPZ AbywPZ Hk^h© `vwi`ª¨ Mwiô jwNô
DPvUb cÖkvšÍ HwZnvwmK A‰bwZnvwmK MÖnY eR©b
Dò kxZj HKgZ¨ gZ‡f` ¸Y ‡`vl
DrKl© AcKl© I¯Ív` mvM‡i` ‡Mvcb cÖKvk
DÌvb cZb J`vh© Kvc©Y¨ M„nx mbœ¨vmx
D×Z webxZ J×Z¨ webq ¸ß eª³
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DËvc ‰kZ¨ J¾¡j¨ ¤øvwbgv MªvgxY bvMwiK
D³ Aby³ KwVb ‡Kvgj MÖvn¨ AMÖvn¨
Drmvn wbiærmvn Kwo ‡Kvgj NygšÍ RvMÖZ
DRvi ficyi Kwbô ‡R¨ô NvUwZ evowZ
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D¾¡j Aby¾¡j K„ZÁ AK…ZÁ ‡Nvjv dm©v
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D‡jøL Aby‡jøL KzrwmZ my›`i Pz¨Z APz¨Z
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Qjbv mZZv `yišÍ kvšÍ cÖ”Qbœ e¨³
‡QvKiv ey‡ov ‡`vlx wb‡`©vlx cyó ÿxY
QUd‡U kvšÍ `xN© n«¯^ cÖvPxb be¨, bexb
Rq civRq `yj©f myjf cÖvP¨ cvðvZ¨
Rb¥ g„Zz¨ `iw` ‡e`iw` cÖkv^ m wbtk¦vm
RvMiY wb`ªv `„p wkw_j cÖksmv wb›`v
R½g ¯’vei ‰ØZ A‰ØZ cÖkvšÍ AkvšÍ
RbvKxY© Rbweij wØav wbwØ©av cÖevmx ¯^‡`wk
‡R¨ôv Kwbôv `yw`©b myw`b cÖvPx cÖZxPx
RvMÖZ myß `yR©b myRb cyi¯‹vi wZi¯‹vi
Ávbx g~L© `yM©g myMg cyY¨evb cyY¨nxb
wR›`v gy`©v `yišÍ kvšÍ cwi‡kvwaZ Acwi
‡kvwaZ
ÁvZmv‡i AÁvZmv‡i `„k¨ A`„k¨ c~e©eZx© cieZ©x
‡R¨vr¯œv Agvem¨v `ytkxj mykxj cÖdzjø ¤øvb
RxweZ g„Z w`K wew`K cÖK…ó wbK…ó
Rvj Avmj `vm cÖfz cUz AcUz
R‡j ¯’‡j abevb abnxb cov IVv
Page 16 of 80
RwigvbvÔ eKwkk aiv giv cK¡ AcK¡
Svby A`ÿ/ aŸsm m„wó djevb wbõjv
AcUz
Szbv KvuPv awbK wbt¯^ djšÍ wbõjv
SUcU Av‡¯Í abvZ¥K FYvZ¥K dm„v gqjv
SwUwZ wej¤^ a„Z gy³ dvuKv wb‡iU
UvUKv evwm a~Z© ‡evKv ev`x weev`x
VvÛv Mig wbgMœ D`vmxb eb¨ M„ncvwjZ
Wzev fvmv ‡bwZevPK BwZevPK eiLv¯Í envj
Zvc ‰kZ¨ wb`©q m`q ev` cÖwZev`
‡ZR wb‡¯ÍR be cyivZb ea~ ei
Zij KwVb wbg©j cw¼j we¯Í…Z mswÿß
Ziæb e„× wb‡la wewa webxZ `ywe©bxZ
Zxÿè ‡fvZv wbw`ªZ RvMÖZ e³v ‡kªvZv
wZi¯‹vi cyi¯‹vi bvw¯ÍK Avw¯ÍK evPvj ¯^ífvlx
wZ³ gayi wbiZ weiZ e¨_© mv_©K
Z¨vR¨ MÖvn¨ wbðqZv AwbðqZv e¨³ myß
Zxeª jNy wbj©¾ mj¾ wejw¤^Z `ªæZ
Z¡wiZ kø_ wb‡`©kK Awb‡`©kK wecbœ wbivc`
Z`xq g`xh wbivkÖq mvkÖq weRb mRb
Zzó iæó wbi‡cÿ mv‡cÿ evûj¨ ¯^íZv
Zb¥q gb¥q wbivKvi mvKvi eÜzi gm„Y
Zß kxZj wb›`v cÖksmv wei³ Abyi³
‡ZwR g›`v wb‡Pó m‡Pó eÜb gy³
Z¯‹i mvay wbK…ó DrK…ó fxiæ wbfx©K
f’Z fwel¨r kÎæ wgÎ mwVK ‡ewVK
‡fRvj LvuwU ‰kZ¨ DËvc mÂq AcPq
fq mvnm ‡kvK nl© mÁvb AÁvb
f`ª BZi ïf Aïf m”Qj Am”Qj
fvOv Mov k~b¨ c~Y© m”PwiÎ `yðwiÎ
fvmv Wyev wkó Awkó m‡PZb A‡PZb
‡fvM A‡f` wke Awke mshy³ wehy³
f‚-¯^vgx f~wgnxb k^vm cÖkv^ m msMZ AmsMZ
f‚wgKv Dcmsnvi ‡kvfb A‡kvfb ms‡ÿc we¯ÍvweZ
gayi wZ³ ïwP AïwP ms‡KvPb cÖmviY
wgÎ kÎæ kwn` MvwR m‡nv`i ‰egv‡Îq
wgjb wein kvmK kvwmZ mskq cÖZ¨q
g„`y Zxeª kvjxb Akvjxb ‡mŠg¨ DMÖ
gh©v`v Agh©v`v kvwqZ DwÌZ mvšÍ AbšÍ
‡gŠwjK ‡hŠwMK kV mvay msKzwPZ cÖmvwiZ
gnr bxP kÖxhy³ kÖxnxb mv_©K e¨_©
gnvRb LvZK lvuo MvB niY c~iY
gnvZ¥v bxPvZ¥v/ myMg `yM©g ni`g K`vwPr
`yivZ¥v
gvb¨ Agvb¨ wm³ ï¼ n«vm e„w×
wgVv wZZv ¯’vei A¯’vei nl© welv`
wgjv Awgj ms‡ÿc we¯Íi ûuk ‡eûuk
‡gvUv miæ mim wbim nZ RxweZ
‡gvÿ eÜb mvay Z¯‹i nvwRi MinvwRi
hk Kj¼ ¯^Zš¿ ciZš¿ ü`¨Zv kÎæZv
hvwš¿K cÖvK…wZK mykxj `ytkxj wn‡mex ‡ewn‡mex
hZœ AhZœ ¯^gZ cigZ ü`¨ N„Y¨, KU‚
Page 17 of 80
 hy³ wehy³ w¯œ» iæÿ wnZ AwnZ
hyMj GKK ¯’jfvM RjfvM nvjKv fvix
‡hvRK we‡qvRK ‡mŠfvM¨evb fvM¨vnZ mZK© AmZK©
ie bxie ¯‘wZ wb›`v mwVK ‡ewVK
‡ivM bx‡ivM mylg Amg m`i A›`i
iæMY my¯’ mykÖx KzkÖx mZ¡i axi
iæ× gy³ myjf `yj©f mZx AmZx
igYxq KzrwmZ myß RvMZ ‡mŠg¨ DMÖ
iæó Zzó mvKvi wbivKvi mswkøó wewkøó
iwmK ‡eiwmK mmxg Amxg m¤úªmviY ms‡KvPb
iÿK fÿK mij KzwUj m`q wb`©q
jNy ¸iæ my`k©b Kz`k©b mZx AmZx
jvj Kv‡jv my›`i K…rwmZ mKg©K AKg©K
j²x Aj²x mvnwmKZv fxiæZv mswkøó wewkøó
jvRyK wbj©¾ mv_©K wbi_©K msnZ wef³
je ni mgvß Avi¤¢ wkó Awkó
wjáv weivM ‡jb ‡`b ‡jvfx wb‡jv©f
‡jŠwKK A‡jŠwKK kxNª wej¤^
aŸwb
 A‡Nvl I †Nvl Ges AícÖvY I gnvcÖvY aŸwb|
A‡Nvl ‡Nvl
D”PviY ¯’vb
AícÖvY gnvcÖvY AícÖvY gnvcÖvY bvwmK¨
KÚ¨ K L M N O
Zvje¨ P Q R S T
g~a©b¨ U V W X Y
`šÍ¨ Z _ ` a b
Iô¨ c d e f g
DPvPviY ¯’vb Abyhvqx e¨ÄbaŸwbi wefvM
e¨ÄbeY©mg~n D”PviY ¯’vb D”PviY Abyhvqx bvg
K, L, M, N, O wRnŸvg~j KÚ¨ ev wRnŸvg~jxq eY©
P, Q, R, S, T, k, h, q AMÖZvjy Zvje¨ eY©
U, V, W, X, Y, l, i, o, p cðvr `šÍg~j g~a©b¨ ev `šÍg~jxq eY©
Z, _, `, a, b, j, m AMÖ `šÍg~j `šÍ¨ eY©
c, d, e, f, g Iô¨ Iô¨ eY©
aŸwbi cwieZ©b
bvg msÁv D`vniY
Avw` ¯^ivMg D”Pvi‡YiK myweavi Rb¨ ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y k‡ãi Avw`‡Z ¯^iaŸwbi ¯¿x  B¯¿x,¯‹zj  B¯‹zj
AvMgb NU‡j Zv‡K ejv nq Avw` ¯^ivMg
ga¨ ¯^ivMg, ¯^fw³ mgq mgq D”Pvi‡Yi myweavi Rb¨ mshy³ e¨ÄbaŸwbi AvMgb N‡U| e¨ÄbaŸwbi MÖvg  †Mivg, wdj¥ 
ev gvSLv‡b ¯^iaŸwbi AvMgb N‡U| ¯^iaŸwbi Giƒc ¯^ivMg‡K ejv nq ga¨ wdwjg
wecÖKl© ¯^ivMg|
AšÍ¨¯^ivMg ‡Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mgq k‡ãi †k‡l AwZwiw³ ¯^iaŸwb Av‡m| Giƒc ¯^ivMg‡K ejv w`k& w`kv, †cvLZ  †cv³
nq AšÍ¨¯^ivMg|
mgxfeb kãga¨¯’ `ywU wfbœ aŸwb G‡K Ac‡ii cÖfv‡e Aíwe¯Íi mgZv jvf K‡i| G cvuPRb  cvu¾b
welqwU‡K ejv nq mgxfeb|
welgxfeb hLb `ywU Awfbœ ev GKB ˆewkó¨m¤úbœ aŸwbi g‡a¨ GKwU e`‡j hvq, ZLb kixi  kixj
Zv‡K welgxfeb e‡j|
aŸwbi k‡ãi g‡a¨ `ywU e¨Â‡bi ci¯úi ¯’vb cwieZ©b NU‡j Zv‡K aŸwb wech©q ev evK&m  evmK&
wech©q aŸwb wech©vm e‡j|
AwcwbwnwZ c‡ii B-Kvi Av‡M D”PvwiZ n‡j wKsev hy³ e¨Äb aŸwbi Av‡M B-Kvi ev Kvi Kvj  KvBj
D”PvwiZ n‡j Zv‡K AwcwbwnwZ e‡j|
AwfkÖæwZ wech©¯Í ¯^iaŸwb c~e©eZ©x ¯^iaŸwbi mv‡_ wg‡j †M‡j Ges Z`bymv‡i cieZ©x ewjqv  eBj¨v  e‡j
Page 18 of 80
 ¯^iaŸwbi cwieZ©b NU‡j Zv‡K e‡j AwfkÖæwZ|
m¤úªKl© ev `ªæZ D”Pvi‡Yi Rb¨ k‡ãi Avw`, AšÍ¨ev ga¨eZ©x †Kv‡bv ¯^iaŸwbi †jvc‡K ejv emwZ  em&wZ
¯^i‡jvc nq m¤úªKl©|
m¦im½wZ GKwU ¯^iaŸwbi cÖfv‡e k‡ãi Aci ¯^‡ii cwieZ©b NU‡j Zv‡K ejv nq ‡`wk  w`wk
¯^im½wZ|
e¨Äb‡jvc G cÖwµqvq kãga¨¯’ e¨ÄbaŸwb †jvc cvq| cÖvK…Z fvlvq G cÖwµqvwU †ek eo `v`v  evo`v
mwµq wQj|
e¨ÄbweK…wZ k‡ãi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv e¨Äb cwiewZ©Z n‡q bZzb e¨ÄbaŸwb‡Z cwiYZ KevU  KcvU
nq| G‡K ejv nh e¨Äb weK…wZ|
AmgxKiY GKB ¯^‡ii cybive„wËi `~i Kivi Rb¨ gvSLv‡b hLb ¯^iaŸwb hy³ nq, ZLb ac+ac  acvac
Zv‡K ejv nq AmgxKiY|
kã
kã ms½v I wbqg D`vniY
†gŠwjK kã †h kã‡K we‡kølY Kiv hvq bv Ges ¯^qsm¤úbœ A_© cÖKv‡k mÿg Zv‡K †gŠwjK nvZ, dzj, eB, gyL, †Mvjvg
kã e‡j| fvB, †evb BZ¨vw`&
mvwaZ kã †gŠwjK kã ev avZz cÖK…wZi m‡½ DcmM© ev cÖZ¨q †hvM wKsev mgvmwb®úbœ n‡q civRq, PjšÍ, bxjcÙ|
†hme kã MwVZ nq, Zv‡`i ejv nq mvwaZ kã|
†hŠwMK kã †h kã cÖK…wZ I cÖZ¨q †hv‡M MwVZ nq Ges cÖK…wZ I cÖZ¨q we‡kølY Ki‡j †h ˆM + AK = MvqK
mKj k‡ãi A_© cvIqv hvq, Zv‡`i †hŠwMK kã e‡j| K… + Ze¨ = KZ©e¨
evey + Avbv = eveyqvbv
iƒp ev iƒwp kã ‡h mKj cÖZ¨q wb®úbœ ev DcmM©hy³ kã cÖK…wZ I cÖZ¨qMZ A_© cÖKvk bv K‡i n¯Íx,evuwk|
Rbmgv‡R cÖPwjZ c„_K A_© †evSvq Zv‡`i‡K ejv nq |
†hvMiƒp kã mgvm wb®úbœ †h mKj kã c~Yf © v‡e mgm¨gvb c`mg~‡ni A‡_©i AbyMvgx bv n‡q m‡ivR, WvKvZ, Rjwa,
†Kv‡bv wbw`©ó A_© cÖKvk K‡i, †m¸‡jv‡K †hvMiƒp kã e‡j| gnvhvÎv|
Zrmg ev ms¯‹…Z kã ‡hme kã ms¯‹…Z fvlv †_‡K †Kv‡bv iƒc cwieZ©b QvovB mivmwi evsjvq M„nxZ P›`ª, m~h©, ag©, bÿÎ|
n‡q‡Q, †mme kã‡K Zrmg kã e‡j|
Aa-Zrmg kã ‡hme kã ms¯‹…Z fvlv †_‡K wKQzUv weK…Z n‡q evsjv fvlvq M„nxZ I e¨eüZ ‡QivÏ, wMwbœ,‡evóg|
n‡q‡Q, †mme kã‡K Aa©Zrmg kã e‡j|
Z™¢e kã ‡hme ms¯‹…Z kã hyM-hyMvšÍi a‡i weeZ©‡bi c‡_ cÖvK…Z Acås‡ki ga¨ w`‡q nvZ, Pvgvi, Kvb, cv, gv|
cwiewZ©Z n‡q evsjv fvlvq M„nxZ n‡q‡Q I e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q, †mme kã‡K Z™¢e
kã e‡j|
‡`wk kã evsjv‡`‡ki Avw` Rb‡Mvôxi fvlvi †h kvwãK Dcv`vb GL‡bv evsjv fvlvq ‡LKwkqvj, †XuwK, Pvwo,
e¨eüZ nq, †m¸‡jv‡K †`wk kã e‡j| RjcvB, evZv|
we‡`wk kã wewfbœ we‡`wk fvlv †_‡K †hme kã evsjv fvlvq cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q Ges weK…Z AvBb,dwiqv`x,ev`kvn,
wKsev AweK…Zfv‡e e¨eüZ n‡”Q †mme kã‡K we‡`wk kã e‡j| evnv`yi, Rwg`vi,
evsjv fvlvq e¨eüZ wgkÖ kã
AvBbRxexÑ dviwm+Zrmg wLª÷vãÑ Bs‡iwR+Zrmg
‡eUvBgÑ dviwm+Bs‡iwR Wv³viLvbvÑ Bs‡iwR+evsjv
ivRvev`kvÑ Zrmg+dviwm c‡KUgviÑ Bs‡iwR+evsjv
nvUevRviÑ evsjv+dviwm KvwjKjgÑ evsjv+Aviwe
‡nWcwÐZÑ Bs‡iwR+Zrmg †PŠnwÏÑ dviwm+Aviwe
kvKmewRÑ Zrmg+dviwm ZvRgnjÑ dviwm+Aviwe
evK¨
evK¨ wbqg D`vniY
mij evK¨ †h ev‡K¨ GKwU gvÎ D‡Ïk¨ (KZ©v) I GKwU gvÎ we‡aq _v‡K,Zv‡K w`cv eB c‡o| iv‡mj wµ‡KU †L‡j|
mij evK¨ e‡j|
RwUj ev wgkÖ GKwU c~Y© ev‡K¨ hw` GKwU cÖavb LÐevK¨ I GK ev GKvwaK AcÖavb hviv gvZ…fvlvi g~j¨ †`q bv, Zviv
evK¨ LÐevK¨ ci¯úi m¤úK©hy³ _v‡K, Z‡e Zv‡K RwUj evK¨ e‡j| gv‡qi g~j¨ w`‡Z Rv‡b bv|
‡hŠwMK evK¨ `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK evK¨ hLb I, Ges, Avi, wKšÍy, Z_vwc BZ¨vw` †m Mwie wKš‘ mr| Zzwg Ges Avwg
Ae¨‡qi mvnv‡h¨ hy³ _v‡K, ZLb Zv‡K †hŠwMK evK¨ e‡j| XvKv hve|
¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖK…wZ I cÖZ¨q
cÖ`Ë kã cÖK…wZ I cÖZ¨q cÖZ¨‡qi bvg

Page 19 of 80
 AMÖ AM + i K…r cÖZ¨q
AšÍ¨ AšÍ + h Zw×Z cÖZ¨q
AvKvwk AvKvk + B Zw×Z cªZ¨q
Avmb Avm + Ab K…r cÖZ¨q
AvevwmK Avevm& + BK Zw×Z cÖZ¨q
AvZ¥xq AvZ¥b& + Cq Zw×Z cÖZ¨q
B›`ªwRZ B›`ª + wR + wØc K…r cÖZ¨q
Ck^i Ck& + ei K…r cÖZ¨q
Dw³ eP& + w³ K…r cÖZ¨q
GKnviv GK + nviv Zw×Z cÖZ¨q
Gu‡Uj AvVv + †jv = AvuVv‡jv  Gu‡Uj Zw×Z cÖZ¨q
Iobv Do + bv K…r cÖZ¨q
KZ©e¨ K… + Ze¨ K…r cÖZ¨q
Kvbœv Kvu` + bv K…r cÖZ¨q
L¨vwZ L¨v + wZ K…r cÖZ¨q
MÖvgxY MÖvg + AšÍ Zw×Z cÖZ¨q
NygšÍ Nyg + AšÍ K…r cÖZ¨q
PiY Pi + Ab K…r cÖZ¨q
wPiæbx wPi& + Dwb = wPibx wPiæbx K…r cÖZ¨q
RxešÍ Rxe& + AšÍ K…r cÖZ¨q
SjK Sj& + AK K…r cÖZ¨q
wWOv wRwO + Av Zw×Z cÖZ¨q
WzešÍ Wze& + AšÍ K…r cÖZ¨q
Zij Z… + Aj K…r cÖZ¨q
`k©b `„k + Ab K…r cÖZ¨q
`k©bxq `„k& + Avwi K…r cÖZ¨q
‡`vjbv `yj& + Abv = `yjbv  †`vjbv K…r cÖZ¨q
bqb bx + AbU& = bx + Ab(‡b + Ab¨) K…r cÖZ¨q
e³v eP + Z…P K…r cÖZ¨q
evuwk evuk + B Zw×Z cªZ¨q
‡fRvj ‡fR& + Avj K…r cÖZ¨q
gy³ gyP& + ³ K…r cÖZ¨q
‡hŠeb hyeb& + A Zw×Z cÖZ¨q
ˆkke wkï + ò Zw×Z cÖZ¨q
mvcy‡o mvc + Dwoqv =mvcywoqv + mvcy‡o Zw×Z cÖZ¨q
wm³ wmP& + ³ = wmK + Z K…r cÖZ¨q
mwÜ
¯^imwÜ
AMÖvwaKvi = Ab¨vb¨ = Ab¨ + Ab¨ Dch©y³ = Dcwi + D³
AMÖ + AwaKvi
AZxw›`ªq = AwZ + Bw›`ªq Acivci = Aci + Aci D”Pvkv = D”P + Avkv
AZ¨waK = AwZ + AwaK A‡cÿv = Ac + Bÿv DËgY© = DËg + FY
AZxZ = AwZ + BZ Acivý = Aci +Aý Dchy©cwi +Dcwi + Dcwi
AZz¨”P = AwZ + D”P Ab~w`Z = Aby + Dw`Z Ggwb = Ggb + B
AZ¨vPvi = AwZ + AvPvi AvÁvaxb =AvÁv + Aaxb G‡Kvb = GK + Eb
AZ¨šÍ = AwZ + AšÍ Avgvq = Avgv + G Afy¨`q = Awf + D`q
Afxáv = Awf + Cáv KivNvZ = Ki + AvNvZ AZ¨vðh© = AwZ + Avðh©
Av`¨šÍ = Avw` + AšÍ K_vg„Z = K_v + Ag„Z AZxó = AwZ + Bó
Avkvb›` =Avkv + Avb›` KU‚w³ = KzU + Dw³ AZxe = AwZ + Be
Page 20 of 80
 A‡a©K = Aa© + GK A‡bK = Ab + GK A‡š^lY = Aby + GlY
BZ‡iZi = BZi + BZi Kykvmb = Kzk + Avmb KvuPKjv = KvuP + Kjv
M‡Yk = MY + Ck DˇgŠla = DËg + Jla Ck^‡i”Qv = Ck^i + B”Qv
M‡R›`ª = MR + B›`ª MZ¨šÍi = MwZ + AšÍi MvqK = ˆM + AK
wMix›`ª = wMwi + B›`ª M‡½vwg© = M½v + Ewg© Mevÿ = †Mv + Aÿ
wMixk = wMwi + Ck MÖvgvÂj = MÖvg + AÂj M‡elYv = †Mv + GlYv
Nwoqvj = Nwo + Bqvj ‡Nvovi = ‡Nvov + Gi Pqb = †P + Ab
PveyK = ‡PŠ + DK wP‡ËŠ`vh© = wPË + J`vh© PivPi = Pi + Pi
wPivPwiZ =wPi + AvPwiZ QvÎvevm = QvÎ + Avevm Rjvkq = Rj + Avkªq
RjvZsK =Rj + AvZsK Xv‡Kk^ix = XvKv + Ck^ix Z…òvZ© = Z…òv + FZ
Z_vwc = Z_v + Awc wZ‡jK = wZj + GK `kvY© = `k + FY
`y‡M©vrme = `yM©v + Drme ‡`‡e›`ª = †`e + B›`ª `qv`ª© = `qv + Av`ª©
‡`‡ek = †`e + Ck a‰bk^h© = ab + Hk^h© bevbœ = be + Abœ
b‡ik = bi + Ck b‡evpv = be + Epv b‡i›`ª = bi + B›`ª
bx‡jvrcj =bxj + Drcj bvqK = ˆb + AK b‡ivËg = bi + DËg
ci‡gk = cig + Bk cÖvYvšÍ = cÖvY + AšÍ cixÿ = cwi + Cÿv
wccvmvZ© = wccvmv + FZ ceb = †cv + Ab cÖ‡Z¨K = cÖwZ + GK
cÖ‡kœvËi = cÖkœ + DËi cÖZ¨vkv = cªwZ + Avkv wcÎvjq = wcZ… + Avjq
cÖZxÿv = cÖwZ + Cÿv cÖZ¨n = cÖwZ + An c×wZ = c` + nwZ
cÖZz¨Ëi = cÖwZ + DËi ceb = †cv + Ab cweÎ = †cv + BÎ
wfÿvbœ = wfÿv + Abœ f‡ek = fe + Ck fqvZ© = fq + FZ
fq = fx + A ‡gNvjq = †gN + Avjq åvÎvjq = åvZ… + Avjq
gnvN© = gnv + AN© gkvwi = gkv + Avwi g‡nvjøvm = gnv + Djøvm
gvÎvwZwi³ =gvÎv + AwZwi³ gš^šÍi = gby + AšÍi gvÎvÁv = gvZ… + AvÁv
gnveY© = gnv + AeY© g‰ZK¨ = gZ + HK¨ g‡n›`ª = gnv + B›`ª
g‡nvcKvi =gnv + DcKvi h_v_© = h_v + A_© h‡_ó = h_v + Bó
ivRwl© = ivRv +Fwl iex›`ª = iwe + B›`ª i‡gk = igv + Ck
iv‡a›`y = ivav + B›`y jN~wg© = jNy + Ewg© jeY = †jv + Ab
jÿxk^i = j²x + Ck^i ï‡f”Qv = ïf + B”Qv kveK = †kv + AK
kxZvZ© = kxZ + FZ kZv¼ = kZ + A¼ kÖeY = kÖæ + Ab
‡kvKvZ© = †kvK + FZ kvi‡`vrme =kvi` + Drme lôvsk = lô + Ask
¯^vwaKv = ¯^ + AwaKvi mܨvewa = mܨ + Aewa mva~w³ = mvay + Dw³
mvbybvwmK = m + AbybvwmK m~‡hv©`q = m~h© + D`q my³ = my + D³v
wmsnvmb = wmsn + Avmb myax›`ª = myax + B›`ª ¯^”Q = my + A”Q
‡¯^”Qv = ¯^ + B”Qv m`vb›` = m`v + Avb›` mßwl© = mß + Fwl
¯^vMZ = my + AvMZ wngv½ = wng + A½ wngv¼ = wng + A¼
wn‡Zvc‡`k = wnZ + Dc‡`k wn‰Zlx = wnZ + Hlx nZ¨vciva = nZ¨v + Aciva
wnZvwnZ = wnZ + AwnZ n¯ÍvšÍi = n¯Í + AšÍi ÿ‡YK = ÿY + GK
ÿzavZ© = ÿzav + FZ cweÎ = †cv + BÎ cÖvYvšÍ = cÖvY + AšÍ
e¨ÄbmwÜ
ARšÍ = AP& + AšÍv Aby‡”Q` = Aby + †Q` AnsKvi = Ang + Kvi
AweÜb = AAc + BÜb AewšÍ = Ac& + AwšÍ Ac‡”Q` = Ac + †Q`
Av”Qv`b = Av + Qv`b Am`ycvq =Amr + Dcvq Av”Qbœ = Av + Qbœ
Avbœv + Avi + bv D”Qj = Dr + Qj DÇqb = Dr + Wqb
D”Q¡vm = Dr + k^vm D×vi = Dr + nvi D`&NvUb = Dr + NvUb
D‡jøL = Dr + †jL DwjøwLZ = Dr + wjwLZ DrmM© = D`& + mM©
D”PviY = Dr + PviY DrK…ó =Dr + K…l + Z D‡”Q` = Dr + †Q`
DÇxb = Dr + Wxb D‡`¨vM = Dr + †hvM Dbœqb = Dr + bqb
Djøvm = Dr + jvm D”Q…•Lj =Dr + k„•Lj DbœwZ = D`& + bwZ
D¾¡j = D`& + R¦j D¾xeb = D`& + Rxeb D×Z = Dr + nZ
D×…Z = Dr + FZ FM‡e` = FK& + †e` KvuPKjv = KvuPv + Kjv
Page 21 of 80
 KzÀwUKv = Kzr +SwUKv wKwÂr = wKg + wPr Kó = Kl& + Z
K…wó = K…l + wZ K…`šÍ = K…r + AšÍ wKse`wšÍ = wKg& + e`wšÍ
K_v”Q‡j = K_v + Q‡j wKsev = wKg& + ev wKbœi = wKg& + bi
Kvbœv = Kvu` + bv wKš‘ = wKg& + Zz MšÍe¨ = Mg& + Ze¨
wPb¥q = wPr + gq Pjw”PÎ = Pjr + wPÎ Pj”Qw³ = Pjr + kw³
RMbœv_ = RMr + bv_ RMw`›`ª = RMr + B›`ª wRNvsmv = wRNvb + mv
RM`xk^i = RMr + Ck^i RMØÜz = RMr + eÜz ZrKvj = Z` + Kvj
Z`ªæc = Zr + iƒc Zb¥q = Zr + gq Zrmg = Zr + mg
Zrdj = Z`& + dj Z™¢e = Z`& + fe Z`šÍ = Zr + AšÍ
Z`ewa = Z`& + Aewa Z”Qwe = Z`& + Qwe Zrci = Zr + AšÍ
Z¾b¨ = Z`& + Rb¨ w`MšÍ = w`K& + AšÍ w`MwbY©q = w`K& + wbY©q
`„wó = `„l + wZ wYRšÍ = wYP + AšÍ wbôv = wbl + _v
wbK…ó = wbK…l + Z cwi”Qvqv = cwi + Qvqv cwi‡”Q` = cwi + †Q`
wcÖqse`v = wcÖqg& + e`v c×wZ = c`& + nwZ wec”Qvqvv = wec` + Qvqv
we‡”Q` = we + ‡Q` wew”Qbœ = we + wQbœ e„wó = e„l + wZ
ei = eig + P emyÜiv = emyb + aiv wec¾bK =wec` + RbK
evM`Ëv = evK& + `Ëv ev•gq = evK& + gq evM‡jvc = evK& + †jvc
ey× = eya + Z evMvo¤^i =evK& + Avo¤^i we`y¨jøZv = we`y¨r + jZv
e„ÿ”Qvqv = e„ÿ + Qvqv evMxk = evK& + Ck gyL”Qwe = gyL + Qwe
gxgvsmv = wggvb& + mv hÁ = hR + b hve¾xeb = hver + Rxeb
ivÁx = ivR& + bx kvšÍ = kg& + Z kirKvj = ki` + Kvj
ki”P›`ª = kir + P›`ª loFZz = lU& + FZz lô = ll& + _
lovbb = lU& + Avbb ‡lvok = lU& + `k lohš¿ = lU& + hš¿
myešÍ = myc + AšÍ m¾b = mr + Rb msev` = mg& + ev`
mbœ¨vmx = mg& + b¨vmx m¤§vb = mg& + gvb wmsn = wmb + n
m½xZ = mg& + MxZ mÜvb = mg& + avb m„wó = m„l + wZ
msweavb = mg& + weavb m`yc‡`k =mr + Dc‡`k msL¨v = mg& + Lv
msmvi = mg& + mvi m¤ú~Y© = mg& + c~Y© msNvZ = mg& + NvZ
mseiY = mg& + eiY ms¯‹vi = mg& + Kvi m¤ªvU = mg& + ivU
ms¯‹…Z = mg& + K…Z mw”PšÍv = mr + wPšÍv mÜvb = mg& + avb
msea©bv = mg& + ea©bv ¯^qseiv = ¯^qg& + eiv ms‡hvM = mg& + †hvM
msm` = mg& + m` wnsmv = wnb& + mv ürwcÐ = ü` + wcÐ
nrKí = ü` + Kí ÿzrwccvmv = ÿza + wccvmv
wemM© mwÜ
AšÍa©vb = AšÍt + avb AZGe = AZt + Ge AšÍ¯’ = AšÍt + ¯’
Aa¯Íb = Aat + ¯Íb A‡avgyL = Aat + gyL Anin = Ant + An
AšÍj©xb = AšÍt + jxb Avwe®‹vi =Avwet + Kvi Avkxe©v` = Avkxt + ev`
Avkxe©Pb = Avkxt + ePb BZ¯ÍZ = BZt + ZZ PZzf©yR = PZzt + fzR
PZz®ú` = PZzt + c` PZz‡®‹vY =PZzt + ‡KvY Pÿz‡ivM = Pÿzt + †ivM
‡R¨vwZg©q = †R¨vwZt + gq ‡R¨vwZc©yÄ = ‡ZR¯‹i = ‡ZRt + Ki
†R¨vwZt + cyÄ
Z‡ZvwaK = ZZt + AwaK Z‡cveb = Zct + eb wØivMgb = wØt + AvMgb
`yiƒn = `yt + En `ywðšÍv = `yt + wPšÍv `y®úÖvc¨ = `yt + cÖvc¨
`y‡jv©f = `y t + †jvf `yivZ¥v = `yt + AvZ¥v `y‡h©vM = `yt + †hvM
`y¯’ = `yt + _ `yb©xwZ = `yt + bxwZ abyó¼vi = abyt + U¼vi
wbivKvi = wbt + AvKvi wbðq = wbt + Pq wb‡¯ÍR = wbt + †ZR
wbS©i = wbt + Si wbôzi = wbt + Vyi bxim = wbt + im
cybivMZ = cybt + AvMZ cybivq = cybt + Avq cybð = cybt + P
cy‡ivwnZ = cyit + wnZ cÖvZivk =cÖvZ + Avk cÖv`yfv©e = cÖv`yt + fve
cyi®‹vi = cyit + Kvi cwi®‹vi = cwit + Kvi ewn®‹vi = ewnt + Kvi
ewn®‹…Z = ewnt + K…Z ewnM©gb =ewnt + Mgb ewnM©Z = ewnt + MZ
åvZz®úyÎ = åvZzt + cyÎ g‡bvig = gbt + ig g‡bv‡hvM = gbt + †hvM
Page 22 of 80
 h‡k”Qv = hkt + B”Qv h‡kvwfjvl =hk t + Awfjvl h‡kvjvf = hkt + jvf
m‡ivei = mit + ei m‡ivR = mit + R
wbcvZ‡b wmÜ mwÜ
Ab¨vb¨ = Ab¨ + Ab¨ A‡ÿŠwnYx =Aÿ + Ewnbx KzjUv = Kzj + AUv
Mevÿ = †Mv + Aÿ M‡e›`ª = †Mv + B›`ª M‡ek^i = †Mv + Ck^i
†cÖŠp = cÖ + Ep gvZ©Ð = gvZ© + AÐ we‡¤^vô = we¤^ + Iô
i‡³vô = i³ + Iô kvi½ = kvi + A½ ï‡×vab = ï× + I`b
mxgvšÍ = mxgb& + AZ ˆ¯^i = ¯^ + Ci Avðh© = Av + Ph©
GKv`k = GK& + `k ‡Mv®ú` = †Mv + c` Z¯‹i = Zr + Ki
`y¨‡jvK = w`e& + †jvK ci¯úi = ci& + ci cZÄwj = cZr + AÄwj
eb¯úwZ = eb& + cwZ e„n¯úwZ =e„nr + cwZ gbxlv = gbm& + Clv
‡lvok = lU& + `k cwi®‹vi = cwi + Kvi cwi®‹…Z = cwi + K…Z
ms¯‹…wZ = mg + K…wZ DÌvb = Dr + ¯’vb DÌvcb = Dr + ¯’vcb
Anin = Ant + An Anwb©k = Ant + wbk Av¯ú` = Avt + c`
cÖvZtKvj = cÖvZt + Kvj evP¯úwZ =evPt + cwZ fv¯‹i = fvt + Ki
gbtKó = gbt + Kó wkitcxov =wkit + cxov nwið›`ª = nwit + P›`ª

mgvm
mg¯Íc` mgvme× ev mgvm wb®úbœ c`wUi bvg mg¯Íc`|
mgm¨gvb c` ‡h †h c‡` mgvm nq, Zv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨K‡K mgm¨gvb c` e‡j|
c~e©c` mgvmhy³ c‡`i cÖ_g Ask‡K c~e©c` e‡j|
cic` mgvmhy³ c‡`i cieZ©x Ask‡K ejv nq e¨vmevK¨|
mgvmevK¨ ev weMÖnevK¨ mg¯Í c`‡K fvO‡j ‡h evK¨vsk cvIqv hvq Zv‡K ejv nq e¨vmevK¨|
ev e¨vmevK¨
mgv‡mi cÖKvi‡f`: mgvm cÖavbZ Qq cÖKvi|
Ø›Ø mgvm Kg©aviq mgvm Zrcyiæl mgvm
eûeªxwn mgvm wظ mgvm Ae¨qxfve mgvm
Ø›Ø mgv‡mi †kÖwbwefvM:
mgv‡mi bvg msÁv D`vniY
mvaviY Ø›Ø mvaviYZ `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK c‡`i wgjb n‡j, Zv‡K ejv nq mvaviY Ø›Ø| gv I evev = gv-evev
wgjbv_©K Ø›Ø hLb A‡_©i w`K †_‡K ci¯úi wgjb eySvq, ZLb `ywU c‡`i wgjb n‡j fvB I †evb = fvB-‡evb
Zv‡K e‡j wgjbv_©K Ø›Ø|
we‡ivav_© Ø›Ø A‡_©i w`K †_‡K †h Ø›Ø ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ we‡iva ev ˆecixZ¨ eySvq, Zv‡K mv`v I Kv‡jv = mv`v-Kv‡jv
ejv nq we‡ivav_©K Ø›Ø|
mgv_©K Ø›Ø mg A_©c~Y© `ywU c‡`i wgjb n‡j Zv‡K ejv nq mgv_©K Ø›Ø| nvU I evRvi = nvU- evRvi
eûc`x Ø›Ø eûc` wg‡j †h Ø›Ø mgvm nq Zv‡K ejv nq eûc`x Ø›Ø mgvm| ‡m, Zzwg I Avwg = Avgiv
BZ¨vw` A‡_© Ø›Ø g~j c‡`i m‡½ BZ¨vw`evPK weK…Zc` wgwjZ n‡j Zv‡K e‡j BZ¨vw`evPK Kvco I †Pvco = Kvco‡Pvco
Ø›`¦ mgvm|
AjyK Ø›Ø ‡h mgv‡m c~e©c‡`i wefw³ †jvc nq bv, Zv‡K ejv nq AjyK Ø›Ø mgvm| `y‡a I fv‡Z = `y‡afv‡Z
GK‡kl Ø›Ø ‡h mgvm Ab¨vb¨ c‡`i wejywß NwU‡q cÖ_g c`wUi m‡½ †kl c`wUi Rvqv I cwZ = `¤úwZ
mvgÄm¨ iwPZ nq, Zv‡K e‡j GK‡kl Ø›Ø|

Kg©aviq mgvm t
mgv‡mi bvg msÁv D`vniY
ga¨c`‡jvcx †h Kg©aviq mgv‡m e¨vmev‡K¨i gac‡`i †jvc nq, Zv‡K ga¨c`‡jvcx cj wgwkÖZ Abœ= cjvbœ
Kg©aviq Kg©aviq mgvm e‡j|
Dcgvb Kg©aviq ‡h Kg©aviq mgv‡m mvaviY Kg©evPK c‡`i m‡½ DcgvbevPK c‡`i kk‡Ki g‡Zv e¨¯Í= kke¨¯Í
mgvm wgjb nq, Zv‡K Dcgvb Kg©aviq mgvm e‡j| wgwki b¨vq Kv‡jv= wgkKv‡jv
DcwgZ mvaviY ¸‡Yi D‡jøL e¨ZxZ Dc‡g‡qi m‡½ Dcgvb c‡`i ‡h mgvm Kzvgvix dz‡ji b¨vq= dzjKzgvix
Kg©aviq nq, Zv‡K DcwgZ Kg©aviq mgvm e‡j|
iƒcK Kg©aviq DcwgZ I Dcgvb A‡f` Kíbvg~jK mgvm‡K ejv nq iƒcK Kg©aviq| AvuwwL iƒwc cvwL= AvuwLcvwL
welv` iƒc wmÜz= welv`wmÜz

Page 23 of 80
Zrcyiæl mgvm t
mgv‡mi bvg msÁv D`vniY
wØZxqv Zrcyiæl mgvm c~e©c‡` wØZxqv wefw³ †jvc †c‡q †h mgvm nq, Zv‡K ejv nq mvnvh¨‡K cÖvß
wØZxq Zrcyiæl mgvm| =mvnvh¨cªvß
Z…Zxqv Zrcyiæl mgvm c~ve©c‡`i Z…Zxqv wefw³ †jvc †c‡q †h Zrcyiæl mgvm nq, gb Øviv Mov = gbMov
Zv‡K Z…Zxqv Zrcyiæl mgvm e‡j|
PZz_©x Zrcyiæm mgvm c~e©c‡`i PZz_©x weew³ †jvc †c‡q †h Zrcyiæl mgvm nq, Zv‡K ‡`e‡K `Ë = †`e`Ë
PZz_©x Zrcyiæl mgvm e‡j|
cÂgx Zrcyiæl mgvm c~e©c‡` cÂgx wefw³ †jv‡ci d‡j †h mgvm nq, Zv‡K cÂgx ¯‹zj †_‡K cvjv‡bv
Zrcyiæl mgvm e‡j| = ¯‹zj‡cvjv‡bv
lôx Zrcyiæl mgvm c~e©c‡` lôx wefw³ †jvc ‡c‡q †h mgvm nq, Zv‡K lôx wcZvi Zzj¨ = wcZ…Zzj¨
Zrcyiæl mgvm e‡j|
mßgx Zrcyiæm mgvm c~e©c‡` mßgx wefw³ †jv‡ci d‡j †h mgvm nq, Zv‡K mßgx Mv‡Q cvKv = MvQcvKv
Zrcyiæl mgvm e‡j|
bT Zrcyiæl mgvm bT Ae¨q (bv, †bB, bvB, bq) c~‡e© e‡m †h Zrcyiæl mgvm nq, b Av`i = Abv`i
Zv‡K bT ejv nq|
Dcc` Zrcyiæl mgvm ‡h c‡`i cieZ©x wµqvg~‡ji m‡½ K…r cÖZ¨q hy³ nq, ‡m c`‡K Rj †`q †h = Rj`
Dcc` e‡j| K…`šÍ c‡`i mv‡_ Dcc‡`i †h mgvm nq, Zv‡K
Dcc` e‡j|
AjyK Zrcyiæl mgvm ‡h Zrcyiæl mgv‡m c~e©c‡`i wefw³i †jvc nq bv, Zv‡K ejv Mv‡q cov = Mv‡qcov
nq AjyK Zrcyiæl mgvm|
eûeªxwn mgvm t
mgv‡mi bvg msÁv D`vniY
mgvbvwaKiY eûeªxwn we‡klY I we‡k‡l¨i g‡a¨ †h mgvm nq, Zv‡K mgvbvwaKiY bxj KÚ hvi = bxjKÚ
eûveªxwn mgvm e‡j|
e¨waKiY eûeªxwn †h eûeªxwn mgv‡m mgm¨gvb c‡`i `ywUB we‡kl¨ c` nq, Zv‡K exYv cvwb‡Z hvi
e¨vwaKiY eûeªxwn mgvm e‡j| = exYvcvwb
ma¨c`‡jvcx eûeªxwn eûeªxwn mgv‡mi e¨vL¨vi Rb¨ evK¨vs‡ki †Kv‡bv Ask hw` mg¯Í weov‡ji †Pv‡Li b¨vq †PvL †h bvixi
c‡` †jvc cvq, Zv‡K ejv nq ga¨c`‡jvcx eûeªxwn mgvm| = weovj‡PvLx
e¨wZnvi eûeªxwn GKB iæc `ywU we‡kl¨c` GK m‡½ e‡m ci¯úi GKB RvZxq Kv‡b Kv‡b †h K_v
KvR Ki‡j †h mgvm nq Zv‡K ejv nq e¨wZnvi eûeªxwn mgvm| = KvbvKvwb
AjyK eûeªxwn ‡h eûeªxwn mgv‡m mg¯Í c‡` mgm¨gvb c`¸‡jv wefw³ †jvc gv_vq cvMwo hvi
cvq bv, Zv‡K AjyK eûeªxwn mgvm e‡j| = gv_vqcvMwo
bT eûeªxwn bT A_©vr bv- evPK Ae¨q c~e© c‡` e‡m †h eûeªxwn mgvm nq, bv (bq) Rvbv hv
Zv‡K ejv nq bT eûeªxwn mgvm| = bvRvbv
cÖZ¨qvšÍ eûeªxwn ‡h eûeªxwn mgv‡mi mg¯Í c‡` Av, G, I BZ¨vw` cÖZ¨q hy³ nq, ‡`v (`yw`‡K) Uvb hvi = †`vUvbv
Zv‡K ejv nq cÖZ¨qvšÍ eûeªxwn mgvm|
wظ ev msL¨vevPK c~e©c‡` msL¨vevPK kã †jv‡c †h mgvm nq, Zv‡K e‡j wظ ev `k Avbb hvi
eûeªxwn msL¨vevPK eûeªxwn mgvm| = `kvbb
 wظ mgvm t †h mgv‡m c~e©c`wU msL¨vevPK we‡klY n‡q mgvnvi ev mgwó eySvq Ges cic‡`i A_© cÖavbiƒ‡c cÖZxqgvb nq, Zv‡K wظ
mgvm e‡j| †hgbÑ wÎ (wZb) c‡`i mgvnvi =wÎc`x
Ae¨qxfve mgvm t
mgv‡mi bvg msÁv D`vniY
AjyK mgvm ‡h mgv‡m cKL‡bv c~ve©c‡` wefw³ †jvc nq bv| AjyK mgvm hy‡× w¯’i _v‡K †h = hywawôi
†Kv‡bv ¯^Zš¿ mgvm bq, †h †Kv‡bv †kÖwYi mgvm AjyK n‡Z cv‡i|
cÖvw` mgvm cÖ, cÖwZ, Aby cÖf…wZ Ae¨‡qi m‡½ hw` K…rcÖZ¨q mvwaZ we‡k‡l¨i cÖ (cÖK…ó) †h ePb = cÖePb
mgvm nq, Z‡e Zv‡K e‡j cÖvw` mgvm|
wbZ¨ mgvm ‡h mgv‡m mgm¨gvb c`¸‡jv wbZ¨ mgvme× _v‡K, e¨vmev‡K¨i Ab¨ MÖvg = MÖvgvšÍi
`iKvi nq bv, Zv‡K wbZ¨ mgvm e‡j|
mycmycv mgvm wefw³hy³ mv‡_ Zrmg kã hy³ n‡q †h mgvm nq Ges mg¯Í c‡` c~‡e© `„ó = `„„óc~‡e©
Zrmg k‡ãi c~‡e© c`wUi wbcvZ n‡j Zv‡K mycmycv mgvm e‡j|
e¨vmevK¨ g‡b ivLvi †KŠkj |

Page 24 of 80
 Ø›Ø mgvm I, Ges, Avi _vK‡j
Kg©aviq mgvm ‡hB-‡mB, hv-G, whwb-wZwb, ‡h-‡m _vK‡j
Zrcyiæl mgvm wefw³ †jvc †c‡j
eûeªxwn mgvm hvi, hv‡Z _vK‡j
wظ mgvm mgvnvi _vK‡j
Ae¨qxfve mgvm ‰bKU¨/mgx‡c, wKsev, Afve, ch©šÍ, mv`„k¨, ÿz`ªZv, †hvM¨Zv, AwZµg, cðvr, AwZµvšÍ _vK‡j|

eY©vbyµ‡g ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQy mgvm

cÖ`Ë kã e¨vmevK¨ mgv‡mi bvg cÖ`Ë kã e¨vmevK¨ mgv‡mi bvg
Amva¨ bq mva¨ bT Zrcyiæl AKvj b Kvj bT Zrcyiæl
Abv`i b Av`i bT Zrcyiæl Ae¨q b e¨q bT Zrcyiæl
Aag© b ag© bT Zrcyiæl AbwaK bq AwaK bT Zrcyiæl
AmyL b myL bT Zrcyiæl AbvPvi b AvPvi bT Zrcyiæl
Abve„wó b e„wó bT Zrcyiæl AÁvb bvB Ávb hvi bT eûeªxwn
AbyÿY ÿ‡Y ÿ‡Y Ae¨qxfve AK…ZÁ b K…ZÁ bT Zrcyiæl
AwnbKyj Awn I bKzj we‡ivav_©K Ø›Ø Avíeyw× Aí eyw× hvi eûeªxwn
AvBb-Av`vjZ AvBb I Av`vjZ mvg_©K Ø›Ø AvKô Kô ch©šÍ Ae¨qxfve
AvRb¥ Rb¥ ch©šÍ Ae¨qxfve Avcv`g¯ÍK cv n‡Z gv_v ch©šÍ Ae¨qxfve
AvRxeb Rxeb ch©šÍ Ae¨qxfve AvMvQv bq MvQv bT Zrcyiæl
Avkxwel Avkx‡Z wel hvi e¨waKiY eûeªxwn Dckni kn‡ii m`„k Ae¨qxfve
DcKÚ K‡Úi mgx‡c Ae¨qxfve DcØxc Øx‡ci m`„k Ae¨qxfve
DcK_v K_vi m`„k Ae¨qxfve D‡ovRvnvR D‡o †h RvnvR Kg©aviq
FYgy³ FY n‡Z gy³ cÂgx Zrcyiæl FwlZzj¨ Fwli Zzj¨ lôx Zrcyiæl
GKN‡i GK N‡i _v‡K †h cÖZ¨qvšÍ eûeªxwn Kvcyiæl Kz †h cyiæl Kg©aviq
KvuPKjv KvuPv †h Kjv Kg©aviq Kwe‡kÖô Kwe‡`i †kÖô lôx Zrcyiæl
Kwe¸iæ Kwe‡`i ¸iæÔ lôx Zrcyiæl Kg©KZ©v K‡g©i KZ©v lôx Zrcyiæl
KvRjKv‡jv KvR‡ji b¨vq Kv‡jv Dcgvb Kg©aviq ‡KvwKjKÚx ‡KvwK‡ji gZ KÚ hvi eûeªxwn
KvMRKjg KvMR I Kjg Ø›Ø KvbvKvwb Kv‡b Kv‡b †h K_v e¨wZnvi eûeªxwn
KiKgj Ki Kg‡ji b¨vq DcwgZ Kg©aviq LeievZ©v Lei I evZ©v Ø›Ø
‡LPi L (AvKvk)-†Z P‡i †h Dcc` Zrcyiæl ¸iæwkl¨ ¸iæ I wkl¨ Ø›Ø mgvm
M„nvšÍi Ab¨ M„n wbZ¨ mgvm Miwgj wg‡ji Afve Ae¨qxfve
Mv‡qnjy` Mv‡q njy` †`qv nq †h AjyK eûeªxwn MYZš¿ M‡Yi Zš¿ lôx Zrcyiæl
Abyôv‡b
MRg~L¨ M‡Ri b¨vq g~L¨ Dcgvb Kg©aviq N‡ievB‡i N‡i I evB‡i Aj~K Ø›Ø
‡NvovMvwo ‡Nvovi Mvwo lôx Zrcyiæl NiQvov Ni †Q‡o‡Q †h Dcc` Zrcyiæl
PvjKzgov Pv‡j a‡i †h Kzgov ga¨c`‡jvcx PvevMvb Pv‡qi evMvb lôx Zrcyiæl
Kg©aviq
PzjvPzwj Pz‡j Pz‡j a‡i †h hy× e¨wZnvi eûeªxwn PvinvwZ Pvi nvZ cwigvY hvi msL¨vevPK
eûeªxwn
Pvu`gyL gyL Pvu‡`i b¨vq DcwgZ Kg©aviq QvÎe„›` Qv‡Îi e„›` lôx Zrcyiæl
QvqvZiæ Qvqvc`vb K‡i †h Ziæ ga¨c`‡jvcx RgvLiP Rgv I LiP wecixZv_©K Ø›Ø
Kg©aviq
‡Rjgy³ ‡Rj n‡Z gy³ cÂgx Zrcyiæl Rbc_ RbM‡Yi c_ lôx Zrcyiæl
Rxebexgv Rxe‡bi exgv lôx Zrcyiæl UvKv-cqmv UvKv I cqmv Ø›Ø
†Vjv‡Vwj ‡Vjv †Vwj K‡i †h Ø›Ø e¨wZnvi eûeªxwn WvKgvïj Wv‡Ki Rb¨ gvïj PZz_©x Zrcyiæl
wÎKvj wÎ(wZb) Kv‡ji mgvnvi wظ ‡Zcvqv wZb cvqv hvi msL¨vevPK
eûeªxwn
‡`kvšÍi Ab¨ †`k wbZ¨ avgvaiv avgv a‡i †h Dcc` Zrcyiæl
bxjKÚ bxj KÚ hvi mgvbvwaKiY b`xgvZ„K b`x gvZv (gvZ…) hvi eûeªxwn
eûeªxwn
c‡KUgvi c‡KU gv‡i †h Dcc` Zrcyyiæl cjvbœ cj (gvsm) wgwkÖZ ga¨c`‡jvcx
Abœ Kg©aviq
Page 25 of 80
 cÖfvZ cÖ cÖvw` mgvm ‡cv÷-Awdm ‡cv‡÷i wbwgË Awdm PZz_©x Zrcyiæl
(cÖK…ó iƒc) fvZ
(Av‡jvwKZ)
dzjevMvb dz‡ji evMvb lôx Zrcyiæl dzjKzgvix Kzgvix dy‡ji b¨vq DcwgZ
Kg©aviq
Kbevm e‡b evm mßgx Zrcyiæl eRªKÚ e‡Rªi b¨vq KÚ hvi eûeªxwn
ebPi e‡b P‡i †h eûeªxwn e`‡gRvRx e` †gRvR hvi eûeªxwn
feb`x fe iƒc b`x iƒcK Kg©aviq ‡fvRbwejvmx ‡fvR‡b wejvmx mßgx Zrcyiæl
gyLP›`ª gyL P‡›`ªi b¨vq DcwgZ Kg©aviq gbMov gb w`‡q Mov Z…Zxqv Zrcyiæl
gnvbex gnvb †h b`x Kg©aviq gbgvwS gb iƒc gvwS iƒcK Kg©aviq
gnvZ¥v gnvb †h Rb Kg©aviq gv‡qwS‡q gv‡q I wS‡q AjyK Ø›Ø
‡gŠjfx whwb †gŠjfx wZwbB mv‡ne Kg©aviq hyMvšÍi hy‡Mi AšÍi lôx Zrcyiæl
mv‡ne
h_vkw³ kw³‡K AwZµvšÍ bv K‡i Ae¨qxfve h_vixwZ ixwZ‡K AwZµvšÍ bv Ae¨qxfve
K‡i
i³Kgj i³ †h Kgj Kg©aviq ivRKzgviv ivRvi Kzgvi lôx Zrcyiæl
ivRnsm ns‡mi ivRv lôx Zrcyiæl ivRwl© whwb ivRv wZwbB Fwl Kg©aviq
‡jLvcov ‡jLv I cov Ø›Ø jVvjvwV jvwV‡Z jvwV‡Z †h hy× e¨wZnvi eûeªxwn
kZvØx kZ A‡ãi mgvnvi w`¦¸ kvšÍwkó ‡h kvšÍ †mB wkó Kg©aviq
loFZz Qq FZzi mgvnvi wظ ‡mZvi ‡m (wZb) Zvi Av‡Q msL¨vevPK
(‡h h‡š¿i) eûeªxwn
mZx_© mgvb Zx_© hvi mûeªxwn mš¿xK ¯¿xi mv‡_ eZ©gvb eûeªxwn
nw¯Íg~L© nw¯Í b¨vq g~L© Dcgvb Kg©aviq nv-Ni N‡ii Afve Ae¨qxfve
nvmvnvwm nvm‡Z nvm‡Z †h KvR e¨wZnvi eûeªxwn nvZNwo nv‡Zi Nwo lôx Zrcyiæl
nvZcvLv nv‡Z PvwjZ cvLv eûeªxwn nvZvnvwZ nv‡Z nv‡Z †h jovB e¨wZnvi eûeªxwn
evsjv fvlvi D™¢e m¤ú‡K© fvlvwe`‡`i gšÍe¨-
fvlvwe` gšÍe¨v
W. mybxwZKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq evsjv fvlvi D™¢e gvMax cÖvK…Z fvlv †_‡K|
W. mybxwZKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vqmn AwaKvsk evsjv fvlv D™¢‡ei mgq wLª÷vq `kg kZvØx‡Z|
W. mybxwZKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq evsjv fvlvi Aw`¯Í‡ii w¯’wZKvj `kg †_‡K PZz`©k kZvØx|
W. myn¤§` knx`yjøvn& evsjv fvlvi D™¢e †MŠox cÖvK…Z fvlv ( gvMax cÖvK…‡Zi cÖvP¨Zi iƒc) †_‡K|
W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn& evsjv fvlvi D™¢‡ei mgq wLª÷xq mßg kZvãx|
W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn& evsjv fvlvi Avw`¯Í‡ii w¯’wZKvj mßg-Øv`k kZvãx|

cÖvPxb fviZxq wPÎwjwc

fviZxq wjwc

eªvþx wjwc L‡ivôx wjwc

cwðgv wjwc ga¨ fviZxq wjwc c~e©x wjwc

evsjv wjwc I eY©gvjv

evsjv Awfavb m¤úwK©Z MÖš’vejx-
MÖš’ m¤úv`bv
Vocabulario em Indiomae Bengala e Portuguez g‡bvGj `¨-Avm&my¤úmvuI
cÖ_g evsjv w_mivm I mgv_©K kã Awfavb A‡kvK gy‡Lvcva¨vq
Vocabulary (evsjv-Bs‡iwR kã‡Kvl) di÷vi

Page 26 of 80
 kãgÄix (evOvjv Awfavb) Ck^iP›`ª gy‡Lvcva¨vq
evsjv evlvi Awfavb(1815 wLª.) DBwjqvg †Kwi
e½xq kã‡Kvl nwiPiY e‡›`¨vcva¨vq
evOvjv fvlvi Awfavb Áv‡b›`ª‡gvnb `vm
evsjv‡`‡ki AvÂwjK fvlvi Awfavb W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn&
evsjv GKv‡Wwg e¨envwiK evsjv Awfavb W±i gyn¤§` Gbvgyj nK
evsjv GKv‡Wwg mswÿZ evsjv Awfavb Avng` kixd
evsjv GKv‡Wwg Bs‡iwR-evsjv Awfavb wRjøyi ingvb wmwÏKv
evsjv GKv‡Wwg cÖwgZ evsjv Awfavb Rvwgj †PŠayix
evsjv GKv‡Wwg mgKvjxb evsjv fvlvi Awfavb Avey DmnvK
evsjv GKv‡Wwg HwZnvwmK Awfavb gbRyiæi ingvb
W. gyn¤§n knx`yjøvn&i mvwnZ¨Kg© MÖš’-
M‡elYvg~jK iPbv evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i K_v ( 1g LÐ 1953, 2q LÐ 1965)
fvlvZË¡ fvlv I mvwnZ¨ (1958), evsjv fvlvi BwZe„Ë (1965)
cÖeÜ MÖš’ BKevj (1945), Avgv‡`i mgm¨v (1949), evsjv Av`e wK ZvwiL (1957),Essays on Islam,
(1945), Traditional Culture in East Pakistan (1965)
MíMÖš’ iKgvwi (1931)
wkï‡Zvl MÖš’ ‡kl bexi mÜv‡b, †QvU‡`i imyjøvn (1962), †mKv‡ji iƒcK_v (1965)
Abyev` MÖš’ `xIqv‡b nvwdR (1938), AwgqkZK (1940), iæevBqvZ-B-Igi L¨vqvb (1942), evYx wkK&Iqvn I
RIqve-B-wkK&Iqvn (1942), gnvbex (1940), we`¨vcwZ kZK (1950), gnvei kixd (1962), Agi
Kve¨ (1963)
msKjb I m¤úv`bv cÙveZx (1950), cÖvPxb ag©MÖš’ †kl bex (1952), Mí msKjb (1953), `yB L‡Ð cÖKvwkZ AvÂwjK
fvlvi Awfavb
m¤úvw`Z cÎcwÎKv AvOzi (wkï cwÎKv, 1920), w` wcm (1923), e½f~wgK (1937), ZKexi (1947)
evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i BwZnvmwelqK MÖš’-
iPwqZv MÖš’
W. `x‡bkP›`ª †mb e½fvlv I mvwnZ¨ (1896) [evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i cÖ_g BwZnvm MÖš’]
W. myKzgvi †mb ev½vjv mvwn‡Z¨i K_v (1939), ev½vjv mvwn‡Z¨i BwZnvm (1940), fvlvi BwZe„Ë
bvwRiæj Bmjvg evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i bZzb BwZnvm (1950) [gymjgvb iwPZ cÖ_g evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i BwZnvm]
†gvnv¤§` mywdqvb
W. gynv¤§` knx`yjøvn& evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i K_v (1g LÐ 1953, 2q LÐ 1965) fvlv I mvwnZ¨ (cÖeÜ), evsjv fvlvi BwZe„Ë
‡Mvcvj nvj`vi evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i BwZK_v
W. IqvwKj Avn‡g` evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i cyive„Ë

evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i BwZnvmwelqK MÖš’-

MÖ‡š’i bvg iPwqZv iPbvi fvlv
Vocabulario em Idioma Bengalla’e Portuguez g‡bvGj `¨v Avmmy¤úmvuI cZz©wMR
Dividido em duas partes
A Grammar of the Bengali Language b¨v_wb‡qj eªvwm n¨vj‡nW Bs‡iwR I evsjv
A Grammar of the Bengali Language DBwjqvg †Kwi Bs‡iwR
Bengali Grammar in English Language ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq Bs‡iwR
‡MŠoxq e¨vKiY ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq evsjv
Introduction to the Bengali Language ‡ifv‡iÛ WweøD B‡qUm Bs‡iwR
The Bengali Language k¨vgvPiY miKvi g~j fvlv Bs‡iwR Ab~w`Z-evsjv
e¨vKiY †KŠgy`x Ck^P›`ª we`¨vmvMi evsjvv
fvlv‡iva ev½vjv e¨vKiY bKz‡jk^i we`¨vf‚lY evsjv
ev½vjv e¨vKiY W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn evsjv
AvaywbK evsjv e¨vKiY RM`xk P›`ª †Nvl evsjv
Awfbe e¨vKiY KvRx `xb gyn¤§` I myKzgvi †mb evsjv
cÖwgZ evsjv fvlvi e¨vKiY evsjv GKv‡Wwg evsjv
evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i BwZnvmwelqK MÖš’-
‡gŠwjK As‡ki bvg Av‡jvP¨ welq
Page 27 of 80
 aŸwbZË¡ aŸwb, aŸwbi ¯^iƒc we‡kølY, Y-Z¡ I l-Z¡ weavb, mwÜ
kãZË¡ ev iƒcZË¡ kã, kãiƒc, wØiæ³ kã ev kã‰ØZ, wj½, ePb, c`vwkªZ wb‡`©kK, mgvm, DcmM© I AbymM©, KviK,
avZz, c` cÖKiY, AbyÁv|
evK¨ZË¡ ev c`µg ev‡K¨v MVb cÖYvjx, ev‡K¨i g‡a¨ k‡ãi ¯’vb ev µg, ev‡K¨ c` ms¯’vc‡bi µg, evP¨ I evP¨ cwieZ©b,
weivg ev hwZ wPý, evMaviv|
A_©ZË¡ ev evM_© weÁvb k‡ãi A_©wePvi, ev‡K¨i A_©wePvi, A‡_©i wewfbœ cÖKvi‡f` BZ¨vw`|
mvay I PwjZ ixwZ
evsjv fvlv

‰jwLK ‡gŠwLK

mvay PwjZ PwjZ ev K_¨ Dcfvlv (AvÂwjK)

mvay I PwjZ ixwZi wµqv I me©bvg c‡`i cv_©K¨

wµqv me©bvg kã (we‡kl¨ I we‡klY)
mvay PwjZ mvay PwjZ mvay PwjZ
AvwmI G‡mv Avgvw`M‡K Avgv‡`i‡K MvQzqv ‡M‡Qv
AvwmqvwQj G‡mwQj Bnv‡K G‡K M„n Ni
Kwijvg Kijvg Dnv‡K I‡K cv_ywiqv cv_y‡i
Kwi‡ZwQj KiwQj Zvnvi Zvi e¨vNª evN
hvB‡Z‡Q hv‡”Q hvnv‡`i hv‡`i g¯ÍK gv_v
Y-Z¡ weavb I l-Z¡ weavb
Y-Z¡ weavb
wbqg D`vniY
1. U-eM©xq aŸwbi Av‡M `šÍ¨ b n‡j, me mgq Zv g~a©b¨ ÔYÕ nq| eÈb, jyÉ, NÈv BZ¨vw`|
2. F, i, l-Gi c‡i g~a©b¨ ÔYÕ nq| FY, N„Yv, eY©, weòz, Z…Y, myeY©v BZ¨vw`|
3. F, i, l-Gi c‡i ¯^iaŸwb, q, e, n, s Ges K-eM©xq I c-eM©xq aŸwb K…cY, nwiY, Ac©Y, jÿY, ivgvqY, eªvþY BZ¨vw`|
_vK‡j cieZ©x b g~a©b¨ ÔYÕ nq|
4. cÖ, c~e© Ges Aci k‡ãi c‡i Anè k‡ãi b g~a©b¨ ÔYÕ nq| c~e©vnè, Acivnè BZ¨vw`| Z‡e ga¨vý,mvqvý k‡ã ÔbÕ
nq bv|
5. ci, bvi, ivq cÖf„wZ k‡ãi c‡iv Aqb kã _vK‡j Aqb k‡ãi `šÍ¨ b civqY, bvivqY, ivgvqY, DËiqvY,Pv›`ªvqY BZ¨vw`|
g~a©b¨ ÔYÕ nq|
‡hme †ÿ‡Î Y cÖ‡hvR¨ bq-
wbqg D`vniY
1.LvuwU evsjv ev †`wk, we‡`wk I Z™¢e k‡ã cyi‡bv, VvKzib, KziAvb, Rvg©vb, †Uªb

2.mgvme× c‡`i Dfq c‡`i A‡_©i cÖvavb¨ _vK‡j †mLv‡b Y-Z¡ weavb wÎbqb, me©bvg, `yb©xwZ, `yb©vg, nwibvg, evwiwbwa
Kvh©Ki nq bv|

3.Z eM©xq e‡Y©i mv‡_ g~a©b¨ ÔYÕ nq bv| AšÍ, KvšÍ, MÖš’, Avb›`, AÜ, eÜb|
4.F, i, l-Gi c‡i K eM©, c eM©, q, i, n Aby¯v^ i Qvov Ab¨ eY© _vK‡j bZ©b, KZ©b, `k©b, cÖv_©bv, iPbv|
†mLv‡b Y-Z¡ weavb Kvh©Ki bq|

l-Z¡ weavb
wbqg D`vniY

Page 28 of 80
 1. A, Av wfbœ Ab¨ †Kv‡bv ¯^iaŸwb Ges K I i-Gi c‡i ÔlÕ cÖZ¨‡qi fwel¨r, wRMxlv, gyg~l©y, Pÿz®§vb, welq, wem, mylgv,
ÔmÕ _vK‡j Zv g~a©b¨ ÔlÕ nq| Kj¨vYx‡qly (cyswj‡½) BZ¨vw`|

2. B-KvivšÍ Ges D-KvivšÍ Dcm‡M©i ci KZK¸‡jv avZz‡Z g~a©b¨ ÔlÕ Abyôvb, Awf‡lK, Abyl½, cÖwZ‡laK BZ¨vw`|
nq|
3. F-Kvi I i-Kvi ci g~a©b¨ ÔlÕ nq| e„l, Fwl, K…lK, el©v, DrKl©, e„wó, `„wó BZ¨vw`|

U I V-Gi m‡½ hy³ n‡j `šÍ¨-m bv n‡q ÔlÕ nq| Kó, Kvô, Iô, ¯úó BZ¨vw`|

mgvme× n‡q `ywU c` GKc‡` cwiYZ n‡j Ges cÖ_g c‡`i †k‡l B, D, hywawôi, ‡Mvôx, åvZz®úyÎ BZ¨vw`|
F _vK‡j g~a©b¨ ÔlÕ-G cwiYZ nq|

‡hme †ÿ‡Î l cÖ‡hvR¨ bq-

wbqg D`vniY
1. LvuwU evsjv I we‡`wk k‡ã g~a©b¨ ÔlÕ nq bv| wRwbm, wgmi, †÷kb, gv÷vi, †mvbv, fvmv‡bv
2. ms¯‹„Z ÔmvrÕ cÖZ¨‡q g~a©b¨ ÔlÕ nq bv| a~wjmvr, f‚wgmvr
wj½: cyiæl I ¯¿xevPK kã
wj½

cyswj½ ¯¿xwj½ Dfqwj½ K¬xewj½

 cyiælevPK kã I ¯¿xevPK kã wPbvi wbqg-

wbqg cyiælevPK ¯¿xevPK
cyiælevPK k‡ãi †k‡l ÔAvÕ cÖZ¨q †hvM K‡i ¯¿xevPK kã MwVZ nq| g‡bvni g‡bvniv
cyiælevPK k‡ãi †k‡l ÔCÕ cÖZ¨q †hvM K‡i ¯¿xevPK kã MwVZ nq| AfvMv AfvMx
cyiælevPK k‡ãi †k‡l ÔbxÕ cÖZ¨q †hvM K‡i ¯¿xevPK kã MwVZ nq| Mqjv Mqjvbx
cyiælevPK k‡ãi †k‡l ÔAvbxÕ cÖZ¨q †hvM K‡i ¯¿xevPK kã MwVZ nq| B›`ª B›`ªvbx
VvKzi VvKzivbx
cyiælevPK k‡ãi †k‡l ÔBbxÕ cÖZ¨q †hvM K‡i ¯¿xevPK kã MwVZ nq| Aa©v½ Aa©vw½bx
bvM bvwMbx
cyiælevPK k‡ãi †k‡l ÔAKÕ ¯’v‡b ÔBKvÕ cÖZ¨q †hvM K‡i ¯¿xevPK kã MwVZ Aa¨vcK Aa¨vwcKv
nq| ‡meK ‡mweKv
cyiælevPK k‡ãi `y‡Uv ev wZbwU ¯¿xevPK kã nq | fvB ‡evb,fvex
cyiælevPK k‡ãi †k‡l ÔevbÕ, ÔgvbÕ, ÔCqvbÕ- _vK‡j eZx, gZx, Cqmx †hvM ¸Yevb ¸YeZx
¯¿xevPK kã nq| eyw×gvb eyw×gZx
gnxqvb gnxqmx
cyiælevPK k‡ãi †k‡l ÔZvÕ-Gi ¯’‡j ÔÎxÕ †hvM K‡i ¯¿xevPK kã nq| KZ©v KΩx
avZv avÎx
wfbœ kã e¨envi K‡i ¯¿xevPK kã nq| Gu‡o eKbv
cwZ Rvqv
¯¿xevPK k‡ã ÿy`ªv_© cÖKvk bvUK bvwUKv
¯¿xevPK k‡ãi e„nr A_© cÖKvk AiY¨ AiY¨vbx
eb ebvbx
wng wngvbx
DcmM© I AbymM©
LvuwU evsjv DcmM© -
DcmM© A_©‡`¨vZKZv D`vniY
A wbw›`Z A‡_© AKvR,Awgj
Afve A‡_© AwPb,ARvbv
Page 29 of 80
 µgvMZ A‡_© A‡Svi, A‡Sv‡i
ANv ‡evKv A‡_© ANvPix, ANvivg
AR wbZvšÍ (g›`) ARg~L©, ARcvovMuv
Abv Afve A‡_© Abv`i
Qvov A‡_© AbvPvi
Aïf A‡_© Abvgy‡Lv
Av Afve A‡_© AvKvuov
ev‡R, wbK…ó A‡_© AvMvQv
Avo eµ A‡_© Avo‡PvL
Avav, cÖvq A‡_© AvocvMjv
wewkó A‡_© Avo‡Kvjv
Avb bv A‡_© Avb‡Kviv
wewÿß A‡_© AvbPvb
Ave A¯úóZv A‡_© AveQvqv
BwZ G ev Gi A‡_© BwZc~‡e©
cyi‡bv A‡_© BwZK_v
Db (Ebv) Kg A‡_© DbcvuRy‡i
K`& wbw›`Z A‡_© K`h©
Kz KzrwmZ A‡_© KzK_v, KzAf¨vm
wb ‡bB A‡_© wbjvR
cvwZ ÿz`ª A‡_© cvwZ‡bZv
we ‡bB ev wb›`bxq A‡_© wedj, wec`
fi c~Y©Zv †evSv‡Z fi`ycyi, fi‡cU
ivg eo ev DrK…ó ivg`v
m mwnZ A‡_© mwVK, mK‡j
mv DrK…ó A‡_© mv‡Rvqvb
my DËg A‡_© mybvg, mybxwZ
nv Afve A‡_© nvfv‡Z, nvN‡i
Zrmg ev ms¯‹…Z DcmM©
DcmM© A_©‡`¨vZKZv D`vniY
cÖ cÖK…ó/mg¨K A‡_© cÖfve
DrKl© A‡_© cÖK…ó
L¨vwZ A‡_© cÖwm×
AvwaK¨ A‡_© cÖMvp
MwZ/wµqv A‡_© cÖ‡ek
aviv-ci¯úiv A‡_© cÖkvLv
civ AwZkh¨ A‡_© civKvô¨
wecixZ A‡_© civRq
Ac wecixZ A‡_© Acgvb
wbK…ó A‡_© Acms¯‹…wZ
weK…Z A‡_© Acg„Zz¨
mg& mg¨K iƒ‡c A‡_© m¤ú~Y©
m¤§y‡L A‡_© mgvMZ
wb wb‡la A‡_© wbe„wË
wbðq A‡_© wbeviY
AvwZkh¨ A‡_© wb`vN
Afve A‡_© wb®‹jyl
Ae nxbZv A‡_© AeÁv
mg¨Kfv‡e A‡_© Ae‡iva
wb‡¤œ A‡_© AeZiY
AíZv A‡_© Ae‡kl
Aby cðvr A‡_© Aby‡kvPbv

Page 30 of 80
 mv`„k¨ A‡_© Abyev`
‡cŠbtcyb A‡_© AbyÿY
wbi Afve A‡_© wbie
wbðq A‡_© wbav©iY
evwni A‡_© wbM©Z
`yi g›` A‡_© `yfv© M¨
Kómva¨ A‡_© `yj©f
we we‡kl iƒ‡c A‡_© wea„Z
Afve A‡_© wewb`ª
MwZ A‡_© wePiY
wecixZ A‡_© weKl©Y
AcÖK…Z¯’ A‡_© weKvi
my DËg A‡_© myKÚ
mnR A‡_© myMg
AvwZkh¨ A‡_© myPZzi
Dr EaŸ©gywLZv A‡_© D`¨vg
AvwZkh¨ A‡_© D‡”Q`
cÖ¯‘wZ A‡_© Drcv`b
AcKl© A‡_© Dr‡KvP
Awa AvwacZ¨ A‡_© AwaKvi
Dcwi A‡_© Awa‡ivnY
e¨vwß A‡_© AwaKvi
cwi we‡kl iƒc A‡_© cwicK¡
‡kl A‡_© cwi‡kl
mg¨K iƒ‡c A‡_© cixÿv
PZzw`©K A‡_© cwiågY
cÖwZ m`„k A‡_© cÖwZg~wZ©
we‡iva A‡_© cÖwZev`
‡cŠbtcyb A‡_© cÖwZw`b
Abyiƒc KvR A‡_© cÖwZNvZ
Dc mvgxc¨ A‡_© DcK‚j
m`„k A‡_© DcØxc
ÿz`ª A‡_© DcMÖn
g›` A‡_© Dc‡`eZv
m¤§yL A‡_© Dcbqb
Awf mg¨K A‡_© Awfe¨w³
Mgb A‡_© Awfhvb
m¤§yL ev w`K A‡_© AwfgyL
AwZ AvwZkh¨ AwZKvq
AwZµg AwZgvbe
AwaK/AwZwi³ AwZeyw×
Av ch©šÍ AvKÉ
Clr Avi³
wecixZ Av`vb
Awc e¨vKi‡Yi A‡_© AwcwbwnwZ
AviI A‡_© AwcP
we‡`wk DcmM©-
DcmM© A_©‡`¨vZKZv D`vniY
Kvi& KvR KviLvbv, Kvievi
`i& ga¨¯’ `iKvuPv,`i`vjvb
wbg& A‡a©K wbgivwR, wbgLyb
e& mwnZ ev cwie‡Z© ebvg, eKjg
ei& Dc‡i ev evB‡i eiev`
Page 31 of 80
 ‡e bv A‡_© ‡eAv`e
wd cÖ‡Z¨K wd-mb, wd-eQi
e`& g›` e`‡gRvR
bv bv bvPvi, bvivR
Aviwe DcmM©-
DcmM© A_©‡`¨vZKZv D`vniY
Avg& mvaviY Avg`ievi
Lvm we‡kl Lvmgnj
jv bv jvIqvwik
ev‡R wewea ev‡R LiP, ev‡R K_v
Mi& Afve MinvwRi, Miwgj
L‡qi fvj L‡qi Lvu
Bs‡iwR DcmM©-
DcmM© A_©‡`¨vZKZv D`vniY
me,me&, mve (sub) Aaxb A‡_© mve-‡iwR÷ªvi, mve-KwgwU|
‡nW (head) cÖavb A‡_© ‡nW-gv÷vi, †nW-Awdm, †nW-‡gŠjfx|
dzj (full) cy‡iv A‡_© dzj evey, dzj wUwKU, dzj †gvRv|
nvd (half) Aa© A‡_© nvd †gvRv, nvd AvLovB, nvd wUwKU|
DcmM© I Abym‡M©i cv_©K¨t
Aviwe DcmM©-
DcmM© AbymM©
DcmM© kã I avZzi c~‡e© e‡m| AbymM© k‡ãi c‡i e‡m|
DcmM© wefw³iƒ‡c e¨eüZ n‡Z cv‡i bv| AbymM© KL‡bv KL‡bv wefw³iƒ‡c e¨eüZ nq|
DcmM© ¯^vaxb c` wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡Z AbymM© KL‡bv KL‡bv ¯^vaxb c‡` wn‡m‡e
cv‡i bv| e¨eüZ nq|
DcmM© k‡ãi A‡_©i cwieZ©b NUvq| AbymM© k‡ãi A‡_©i †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b NUvq
bv|
DcmM© Ae¨qm~PK kãvsk| AbymM© Ae¨q RvZxq kã|
Dcm‡M©i cÖKvi‡f` Av‡Q| Abym‡M©i †Kv‡bv cÖKvi‡f` ‡bB|
KviK I wefw³
evsjv Kvi‡K e¨eüZ wefw³ wPýt-
wefw³ GKePb eûePb
cÖ_gv 0, A, G, (q), †Z, G‡Z iv, Giv, ¸wj (¸‡jv), MY|
wØZxqv 0, A, †K, †i, (G‡i), G, q, †Z w`‡M, w`M‡K, w`‡M‡i, †`i|
Z…Zxqv 0, A, G, †Z, Øviv, w`qv (w`‡q), KZ©„K w`‡Mi w`‡qv, †`i w`qv, w`M‡K Øviv, w`M KZ©„K, ¸wji Øviv, ¸wji
Øviv, ¸wj‡K w`‡q, ¸‡jv, w`‡q*, †`i †P‡q|
PZz_©x wØZxqvi g‡Zv wØZxqvi g‡Zv|
cÂgx G (‡q,q), nB‡Z, †_‡K*, ‡P‡q*, n‡Z* w`M nB‡Z, ‡`i nB‡Z, w`‡Mi †P‡q, ¸wj nB‡Z, ¸wji †P‡q, †`i
n‡Z, †`i †_‡K*, †`i †P‡q*|
lôx i, Gi w`‡Mi*, †`i, ¸wji, M‡Yi, ¸‡jvi|
mßgx G, (q), q, †Z, G‡Z w`‡M, w`‡M‡Z, ¸wj‡Z, M‡Y, ¸wji g‡a¨, ¸‡jv‡Z, ¸‡jvi g‡a¨|
 KviK wbY©‡qi mnR c×wZt-
cÖkœ KviK
wµqv‡K †K/Kviv w`‡q cÖ‡kœi Dˇi KZ©„KviK
wµqv‡K wK/Kv‡K w`‡q cÖkiœ Dˇi Kg©KviK
wµqv‡K Kx‡m/Kx‡mi mvnv‡h¨/ Kx‡mi Øviv/Kx Dcv‡q w`‡q cÖ‡kœi Dˇi KiY KviK
wµqv‡K Kv‡K/Kvi Rb¨ w`‡q (hw` ¯^Z¡ Z¨vM K‡i `vb †evSvq) cÖ‡kœi Dˇi m¤úª`vb KviK
wµqv‡K †Kv_v †_‡K/Kx n‡Z/ Kx‡mi n‡Z w`‡q cÖ‡kœi Dˇi Acv`vb KviK
A_ev, fq-Wi-fxwZ-ksKv cÖKvk †c‡j
wµqv‡K †Kv_vq/wK‡mi/KLb w`‡q cÖ‡kœi Dˇi A_©vr ¯’vb-Kvj-cvÎ-mgq welq †evSv‡j AwaKiY KviK
wKQz ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KviKt-
evK¨ KviK I evK¨ KviK I wefw³
Page 32 of 80
 wefw³
A_© Ab_© NUvq KZ©vq k~b¨ A‡_© Ab_© N‡U Ki‡Y 7gx
Abœnx‡b Abœ `vI m¤úª`v‡b 7gx AÜR‡b †`n Av‡jv, g„Znx‡b †`n cÖvY m¤úª`v‡b 7gx
Aíwe`¨v fqsKix K‡g© k~b¨ An¼vi cZ‡bi g~j K‡g© ev Ki‡Y k~b¨
Avgvi hvIqv nqwb KZ©vq 6ôx AvKv‡k Pvu` D‡V‡Q AwaKi‡Y 7gx
Avgvi ‡mvbvi av‡b Ki‡Y 7gx AvR Avgvi hvIqv n‡e bv KZ©vq 6ôx
wMqv‡Q fwi
Avlvp gv‡m bvgj Xj K‡g© k~b¨ Avlv‡p ev`j bv‡g AwaKi‡Y 7gx
Avgvi n‡Z G KvR n‡e KZ©vq 7gx Avwg wK WivB mLx wfLvix ivN‡e Acv`v‡b 7gx
bv mvab
Ggb my‡Li giY K‡g© k~b¨ GKw`b hve AwaKiY
KqR‡b g‡i
G eQi fv‡jv dmj AwaKi‡Y k~b¨ G myZvq Kvco nq bv Ki‡Y 7gx
n‡q‡Q
G mšÍvb n‡Z `ytL `~i KZ©vq k~b¨ Kvb‡b n‡Z `ytL `~i n‡e bv KZ©vq k~b¨
n‡e bv
Kv‡Pi wRwbm mn‡R Ki‡Y 6ôx ‡KvwKj Wv‡K KZ©vq k~b¨
fv‡O
‡Kb ewÂZ ne †fvR‡b Acv`v‡b 7gx KZ av‡b KZ Pvj Zv Avwg Rvwb Acv`v‡b 7gx
Kcv‡ji ‡jLv LÐv‡e AwaKi‡Y 6ôx Kvwji `vM `vI Ki‡Y 6ôx
†K
Kj‡gi †LvuPv w`I bv Ki‡Y 7gx Kwe¸iæMxZvÄwj wj‡L‡Qb KZ©vq k~b¨, K‡g© k~b¨
Miæ‡Z `ya †`q KZ©vq 7gx Mvwo †÷kb Qvoj Acv`v‡b k~b¨
Mv‡Q KvuVvj †Mvu‡d †Zj AwaKi‡Y 7gx Muv‡q gv‡b bv Avcwb †gvoj KZ©vq 7gx
¸iæR‡b Ki bwZ m¤úª`v‡b 7gx M„nnx‡b M„n w`‡j Avwg _vwKN‡i m¤úª`v‡b 7gx
Miæ‡Z Nvm Lvq KZ©vq 7gx Miæ‡ZMiæ‡Z jovB Ki‡Q KZ©vq 7gx
Nv‡U †bŠKv evuav Av‡Q AwaKi‡Y 7gx ‡Nvovq Pwoqv g›` nvuwUqv Pwjj AwaKi‡Y 7gx
ågi G‡jv ¸b¸wb‡q AwaKi‡Y 7gx ‡Nvovq Mvwo Uv‡b KZ©vq 7gx
‡Pv‡i bv ï‡b a‡g©i KZ©vq 7gx ‡Pvi cvjv‡j eyw× ev‡o KZ©vq k~b¨
Kvwnbx
‡Pviv Kvievwi `gb K‡g© k~b¨ PÛx`vm Kq ïb cwiPq KZ©vq
Ki‡e †K
QvM‡j wK bv Lvq KZ©vq 7gx ‡Q‡jiv ej †L‡j Ki‡Y k~b¨
Qv‡` cvwb c‡o Acv`v‡b 7gx Rj‡K P‡j wbwgËv‡_© PZz_©x
RM‡Z KxwZ©gvb nI Ki‡Y 7gx wRÁvwme R‡b R‡b K‡g© 7gx
mvabvq
Rj c‡o cvZv b‡o K‡g© k~b¨ UvKvq UvKv nq Acv`v‡bi 7gx
UvKvq ev‡Ni `ya †g‡j Ki‡Y 7gx UvKvq wK bv nq Ki‡Y 6ôx
Wv³vi WvK K‡g© k~b¨ Wv³vi‡K WvK K‡g© 2qv
wZwb ïµev‡i Avm‡eb AwaKi‡Y 7gx ‡Zvgv‡K evwo ‡h‡Z n‡e KZ©vq 2qv
‡Zvgv Øviv G KvR n‡e KZ©vq Z…Zxqv wZwb evwo †bB AwaKi‡Y k~b¨
bv mvab
Zvnvi †PvL w`‡q cvwb Acv`v‡b k~b¨ `ytLx‡K `qv Ki m¤úª`v‡b PZz_©x
c‡o
`x‡b `qv Ki m¤úª`v‡b `wi`ª‡K ab `vI m¤úª`v‡b PZz_©x
PZz_©x
‡`‡ki †mev Ki m¤úª`v‡b lôx `‡k wgwj Kwi KvR KZ©vq 7gx
a‡g©i Kj evZv‡m b‡o Ki‡Y 7gx ‡avcv‡K Kvco `vI K‡g© wØZxqv
b`x‡Z gvQ aiv mnR AwaKi‡Y 7gx wb‡Ri †Póvq iZ nI Ki‡Y 7gx
bq
‡bŠKv Av‡Q Nv‡U evuav AwaKi‡Y 7gx b`x‡Z gvQ Av‡Q AwaKi‡Y 7gx
wZ‡j ˆZj nq Acv`v‡b 7gx wZ‡j ˆZj Av‡Q AwaKi‡Y 7gx

Page 33 of 80
 cvBj‡U †jLv fv‡jv nq Ki‡Y 7gx cvM‡j wKbv e‡j KZ©vq 7gx
cvwL me K‡i ie ivwZ KZ©vq 7gx cixÿv Avwm‡j †Pv‡L Rj S‡i Acv`v‡b 7gx
†cvnvBj
cvZvq cvZvq c‡o AwaKi‡Y dz‡j dy‡j mvwR‡q‡Q Ni Ki‡Y 7gx
wbwki wkwki 7gx, K‡g© k~b¨
e‡b¨ev e‡b my›`i AwaKi‡Y 7gx eo nI wb‡Ri †Póvq Ki‡Y 7gx
wkïiv gvZ…‡µv‡o
evev‡K eÇ fq cvB Acv`v‡b wec‡` Avwg †hb bv Kwi fq AwaKi‡Y 7gx
wØZxqv
el©vKv‡j mv‡ci fq AwaKi‡Y 7gx evuwk ev‡R KZ©vq k~b¨
Av‡Q
‡g‡N e„wó nq Acv`v‡b 7gx wfLvix‡K mvnvh¨ Ki m¤úª`v‡b 4_©x
nv‡Z bv ‡g‡i fv‡Z Ki‡Y 7gx nv‡Zi ˆZwe wRwbm Ki‡Y 6ôx
gvie
nv‡j †hgb †Zgb gB‡q Ki‡Y 7gx ‡jv‡f cvc, cv‡c g„Zz¨ Acv`v‡b 7gx, Ki‡Y 7gx
Zzdvb
‡jvnvi ‰Zwi LvuPv Ki‡Y k~b¨ wkKvwi KZ…©K evN wbnZ n‡jv K‡g© k~b¨
cyiæl
bvg msÁv D`vniY
DËg cyiæl e³v wb‡RB DËg cyiæl| Avwg, Avgiv
ga¨g cyiæl DwÏó e¨w³ ev ‡kÖvZv‡KB ejv nh ga¨g cyiæl| Zzwg, †Zvgiv BZ¨vw`|
bvg cyiæl Abycw¯’Z hvi m¤ú‡K© wKQz ejv nq, Zv‡KB bvg cyiæl ‡m, wZwb, G¸‡jv BZ¨vw`|
e‡j|
GKB k‡ãi wewfbœv‡_© cÖ‡qvM
g~jkã A_© cÖ‡qvM
cvKv cwicK¡, AwfÁ,¯’vwqZ¡,B‡Ui ˆZwi,mv`v cvKv Avg †L‡Z fvwi gRv|
KvuPv Awm×,AcwicK¡,A`ÿ,Aí eqm, A¯’vqx,gvwUi ˆZwi KvuPv eq‡m we‡q K‡i‡Qv †Zv g‡i‡Qv
nvZ Pzwii Af¨vm,cÖfve_vKv,`ªæZ Kiv,nvZ MYbv DbœwZ Ki‡Z n‡j em‡K nvZ Ki‡ZB n‡e|
gv_v me©bvk Kiv,eyw×,m‡e©mev© AwZ Av`i w`‡q †Zv †Q‡jUvi gv_v †L‡q‡Qv|
†Zvjv cÖnvi Kiv,cÖkqÖ †`qv,Pvcv‡bv,msMÖn Mv‡Qi dzj Mv‡QB †kvfb; evMvb †_‡K dzj †Zvjv †Zvgvi
ZvB DwPZ nqwb|
Mv g‡bv‡hvM †`qv,kw³ cÖ`k©b,kvwšÍ cvIqv kxZj evZv‡m Avgvi Mv Rywo‡q †Mj|
LvIqv bó Kiv, Nyl †`qv eo mv‡ne UvKv bv †L‡q †Kv‡bv KvR K‡ib bv|
gviv cÖnvi Kiv, wbnZ,Pzwi Kiv c‡KU gvi‡Z wM‡q †Q‡jwU aiv co‡jv|
bvK AeÁv,ÿwZ Kiv,eva¨ Kiv AvRKvj †g‡qiv †Q‡j‡`i bv‡K `wo w`‡q Nyivq|
DVv Avg`vwb nIqv,g‡b jvMv,MRv‡bv wKQz‡ZB †Zvgvi gb DV‡Q bv|
 GKK_vq cÖKvk ev evK¨ ms‡KvPb
‡ewk K_v GKK_v ‡ewk K_v GKK_v
A‡MÖ †h Mgb K‡i AMÖMvgx Aby msµvšÍ hv AYyexÿY
AwZ K‡ó hv wbeviY Kiv hvq `ywb©evi AwZ `xN© bq bvwZ`xN©
AZxZ abkvjx e¨w³ abKz‡ei AwaK Dw³ AZz¨w³
AwaK eqm hvi e‡qve„× AbyKiY Kivi B”Qv AbywPKxl©v
AbymÜvb Kivi B”Qv AbymwÜrmv AcKvi Kivi B”Qv AcwPKxl©v
AcNv‡Z g„Zz¨ Acg„Zz¨ Aek¨B hv n‡e Aek¨Ävex
Awÿi A‡MvPi c‡ivÿ Awÿi m¤§y‡L cÖZ¨ÿ
Aÿxi mgw‡c mgÿ A‡MÖ Rb¥ hvi AMÖR
Ab¨ Kvj KvjvšÍi Ab¨ Kv‡iv cÖwZ Avm³ nq bv †h bvix Abb¨v
Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Kg© †bB hvi Abb¨Kg©v Ab¨ MwZ bv _vKvq AMZ¨v
Ab¨ M„n M„nvšÍi Ab¨ w`‡K gb †bB hvi Abb¨gbv
Ab¨ hyM hyMvšÍi A‡š^lY Kivi B”Qv A‡š^lv
Aí K_v e‡j †h wgZfvlx A‡a©K ivRx wbgivRx
Aíÿ‡Yi Rb¨ ÿwYK AKv‡j †h †c‡K †M‡Q AKvjcK¡
Page 34 of 80
Abvqv‡m jvf Kiv hvq Ggb Abvqvmjf¨ Ab¨ fvlvq iƒcvšÍi Abyev`
A‡k^ Øviv wm³ A‡¯¿vcPvi Amg mvnm hvi AmgmvnwmK
An¼vi K‡i †h An¼vix Av`e Kvq`v Rv‡b bv †h ‡eqv`e
Av`‡ii †hvM¨ †h Av`iYxq Avb‡›`i m‡½ eZ©gvb mvb›`
Aveÿ R‡j ‡b‡g ¯œvb AeMvnb Avg„Zz¨ hy× K‡i †h mskßK
Avivabvi †hvM¨ whwb Aviv‡ivM¨ Avjm¨ †bB hvi wbijm
Avov‡j †_‡K A‡b¨i K_v †kvbv AvwocvZv Avnevb Kiv n‡q‡Q hv‡K Avn~Z
AvKv‡ki g‡Zv iO AvKvkx AvKv‡k Mgb K‡i hv wenM, wen½
Avcbv‡K †h nZ¨v K‡i AvZ¥NvZx Avmgv‡bi g‡Zv iO Avmgvbx
AvKvk I c„w_ex µ›`mx AvMg‡bi †Kv‡bv wZw_ †bB hvi AwZw_
Av¸‡bi dzjwK ùzwj½ AvKv‡k †eovq †h ‡LPi
Avwg‡li Afve wbivwgl AvRb¥ kµ RvZkµ
AvU cÖni civi g‡Zv AvU‡cŠ‡i AvU gv‡m Rb¥ hvi AvUv‡k
BwZc~‡e© `wÐZ e¨w³ `vMx BwZnvm iPbv K‡ib whwb HwZnvwmK
Bive‡Z RvZ HwZnvwmK Bn‡jv‡Ki cieZ©x ‡jvK ci‡jvK
Ck^‡i hvi wek^vm †bB bvw¯ÍK Ck^‡i hvi wek^vm Av‡Q Avw¯ÍK
Clr i³eY© cxZvf DwPZ bq hv AbywPZ
DcKvi Kivi B”Qv DcwPKxl©v DcKvixi AcKvi K‡i †h K…ZNœ
DcKvi ¯^xKvi K‡i bv †h AK…ZÁ DbœZ bq hv AbybœZ
Dfq nvZ hvi mgvb P‡j me¨mvPx De©i bq hv Eli
D‡jøL Kiv nq bv hv En¨ EaŸ© gy‡L mvuZvi wPrmvuZvi
EaŸ© evû hvi D`&¦vû FYMÖ¯Í Ae¯’v FwYZv
FY †kv‡a Amg_© †h ‡`Dwjqv FY ‡`q †h DËgY©
GKZvb wewkó ¯^i HKZvb GK Rb¥ †_‡K Ab¨ Rb¥ Rb¥Rb¥všÍi
GBgvÎ †h ¯œvb K‡i‡Q m‡`¨v¯œvZ GKUz‡ZB †h µzä nq e`ivMx
GKw`‡K ‡Mvu hvi GK¸u‡q GKB mg‡q eZ©gvb mgmvgwqK
GKB Kv‡j eZ©gvb mgKvjxb GKB m‡½ hyMcr
GKB gv‡qi cyÎ m‡nv`q GKB Kv‡j eZ©gvb mgKvjxb
G‡m‡Qb whwb A_P AcwiwPZ AvMš‘K GLb f‡¯§ cwiYZ n‡q‡Q f¯§xf‚Z
GLb e‡k G‡m‡Q ekxf‚Z H‡K¨i Afve A‰bK¨
Hk^‡h©i AwaKvix whwb Hk^h©evb HwZnvwmK Kv‡ji c~e©eZx© cÖ‰MwZnvwmK
IRb cwigvcK Zzjv`Ð Jla ms‡hv‡M iwÿZ g„Z‡`n gwg
Jlwa †_‡K RvZ Jla KL‡bv g„Zz¨ nq bv hvi Agi
K_vq cUz evMxk K_vq K_vq †h Kvu‡` wQPKuv`y‡b
K_v ‡h Kj‡Z cv‡i bv Aejv K_vq hv cÖKvk Kiv hvq bv Awbe©Pbxq
Kb¨vi cyÎ ‡`ŠwnÎ KY© ch©šÍ AvKY©
KÉ ch©šÍ KiYxq Ki w`‡Z nq bv †h Rwgi wb®‹i
‡Kv_vI DuPz †Kv_vI wbPz eÜzi Kó mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i †h Kómwnòz
Kv‡Pi ˆZwi Ni wkkgnj wKQz †bB hvi wbt¯^
Kz¤¢ K‡i †h Kz¤¢Kvi KzrwmZ AvKvi hvi K`vKvi
‡Kv‡bv wKQz †_‡KB †h fxZ bq AKy‡Zvfq ‡Kv‡bv wKQz cvivi B”Qv wjáv
‡Kv‡bv wKQzi Pviw`‡K AveZ©b cÖ`wÿY ÿY¯’vqx cÖfv hvi ÿYcÖfv
ÿq cÖvß n‡”Q hv ÿxqgvb ÿgv cvIqvi †hvM¨ ÿgvn©
KvZi bv n‡q AKvZ‡i ‡KvwK‡ji WvK Kzvû
K‡g© AwZkq Kg©V K‡g© hvi K¬vwšÍ †bB AK¬všÍKg©x
µgkB ewa©Z n‡”Q hv µgea©gvb wK Ki‡Z n‡e Zv †h eyS‡Z cv‡i bv wKsKZ©e¨weg~p
‡KD Rvb‡Z bv cv‡i GB iƒc fv‡e AÁvZmv‡i Lye kxZ bq Lye MigI bq bvwZkx‡Zvò
‡Lqv cvi K‡i †h cvUbx LvIqvi B”Qv ÿzav
L¨vwZ Av‡Q hvi L¨vwZgvb M‡Ri gy‡Li gZ gyL hvi MRvbb
Mvw` cïi cvj ev_vb Mfxi Ávb cÖÁv
Mgb Ki‡Z cv‡i †h R½g Mgb K‡i bv †h bM

Page 35 of 80
¸iæi fve Mwigv ‡MvP‡i bq hv A‡MvP‡i
‡Mvc‡b Ae¯’vb AÁvZevm ‡Mvc‡b msev` msMÖnKvix ¸ßPi
‡Mvqvjvi †g‡q ‡Mvcx ‡MŠi‡ei m‡½ eZ©gvb m‡MŠie
‡Mvjv‡ci g‡Zv iO hvi ‡Mvjvcx Mfxi ivwÎ wbkx_
NUbv weeiY `vb cÖwZ‡e`b N‡ii Afve hvi nv-Ni
Nvg S‡i co‡Q Ggb Mj`Ng© Nygv‡”Q Ggb NygšÍ
N„Yvi †hvM¨ N„Y¨, N„Yvn© PU K‡i †gRvR Lvivc K‡ib whwb e`‡gRvRx
PZz`©kc`x KweZv m‡bU PZzw`©‡K cÖPvi m¤úªPvi
Pvi cv wewkó ‡PŠcvqv Pvgovi KvR e„wË hvi Pg©Kvi
Pz‡l †L‡Z nq Ggb ‡Pvl¨ Qq gvm AšÍi lvY¥vwmK
Qj K‡i Kvbœv gvqvKvbœv wQbœ e¯¿ ‡Q`¨
Qvqvv cÖavb Ziæ QvqvZiæ Rbeûj ¯’vb RbvKxY©
RUv Av‡Q hvi RUvai R‡j R‡b¥ hvi RjR
R‡j P‡i †h RjPi Rb¥ †_‡K AÜ Rb¥vÜ
Rvqv I cwZ `¤úwZ Rvbv DwPZ ÁvZe¨
RxweZ †_‡KI g„‡Zi g‡Zv Rxeb¥„Z Rvb‡Zv B”QzK wRÁvmy
Rvbevi B”Qv wRÁvmv Rb¥ †bB hvi AR
Rj cv‡bi Rb¨ †`q A_© Rjcvwb Sb Sb kã S¼vi/SbrKvi
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Page 36 of 80
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Page 37 of 80
 hvi †evj †bB Aejv hvi †Pv‡Li cjK c‡o bv AcjK
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Page 38 of 80
evMaviv A_© evMaviv A_©
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Page 39 of 80
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cÖev`-cÖePb
cÖev`-cÖePb A_©
AwZ `‡c© nZ j¼v An¼vi cZ‡bi g~j
Page 40 of 80
AwZ †jv‡e ZvuwZ bó
Aí we`¨v fq¼ix
AwZ Pvj‡Ki Mjvq `wo
AwZ fw³ †Pv‡ii jÿY
AwaK mbœ¨vmx‡Z MuvRb bó
Afv‡e ¯^fve bó
Avjv‡ji N‡ii `yjvj
Avcwb evuP‡j ev‡ci bvg
Avm‡j gylj †bB †XuwK N‡i Pvu‡`vqv
B”Qv _vK‡j Dcvq nq
D‡`vi wcwÐ ey‡avi Nv‡o
GKgv‡N kxZ hvq bv
GK nv‡Z Zvwj ev‡R bv
‡Kv_v hvI †Mvcvj m‡½ hv‡e Kcvj
KviI †cŠl gvm KviI me©bvk
Kv‡Ri †ejvq KvwR KvR dziv‡j cvwR
KB‡qvi †Z‡j KB fvRv
KvUv Nv‡q by‡bi wQUv
Kvbv †Q‡ji bvg cÙ‡jvPb
Kzj ivwL bv k¨vg ivwL
Lvj †K‡U Kywgi Avbv
‡Mu‡qv †hvMx wfL cvq bv
Mv‡Q bv DV‡ZB GK Kvuw`
Mvu‡h gv‡b bv Avcwb †gvZoj
Mv‡Q Zz‡j gB Kvov
Mwi‡ei †Nvov †ivM
MvB‡Z MvB‡Z Mv‡qb, evRv‡Z evRv‡Z ev‡qb
NwU †Wv‡e bv bv‡g ZvjcyKzi
‡Nvov wWwO‡q Nvm LvIqv
N‡ii †L‡q e‡bi †gvl Zvov‡bv
N‡ii j²x cv‡q †Vjv
PKPK Ki‡jB †mvbv nq bv
‡Pbv evgy‡bi ‰c‡Z jv‡M bv
‡Pv‡i bv †kv‡b a‡g©i Kvwnbx
‡Pv‡i †Pv‡i gvmZz‡Zv fvB
‡Pv‡L mwilvi dzj †`Lv
Pvj bv Py‡jv †XuwK bv Kz‡jv
PvPv Avcb cÖvY evuPv
QvB †dj‡Z fvOv Kz‡jv
Qzu‡Pv †g‡i nvZ MÜ Kiv
‡Q‡o †` gv, †Ku‡` evuwP
‡Q‡ji nv‡Zi †gvqv
Rb¥, g„Zz¨, we‡q-wZb weavZv wb‡q
wS‡K †g‡i eD‡K †kLv‡bv
‡Svc ey‡S †Kvc gviv
‡Vjvi bvg evevwR
Xvj †bB, Z‡jvqvi †bB, wbwaiv m`©vi
‡Zjv gv_vq †Zj †`qv
`yóz Miæi †P‡q k~b¨ †Mvqvj fv‡jv
`ya Kjv w`‡q mvc †cvlv
aiv‡K mivÁvb Kiv
avb fvb‡Z wk‡ei MxZ
‡ewk †jvf Ki‡j Avm‡jB bó n‡q hvq
Aí we`¨vi †kvPbxq cwiYwZ
‡ewk PvjvK mn‡RB wec‡` c‡o
Amr gZje jyKv‡bvi †KŠkj wn‡m‡e fw³i AvwZkh¨
AwZwi³ †jv‡Ki Lei`vwi‡Z KvR cÐ
Afv‡ei Ke‡j c‡o ms †jvKI Amr n‡q hvq
abxi AwZ Av`‡ii †Q‡j
wb‡Ri ¯^v_© †`Lv
Dchy³ e¨e¯’v Aej¤^‡bi Afve
Kv‡R eªZx n‡j GKUv bv GKUv Dcvq †ei n‡eB
G‡Ki Aciva ev `vq A‡b¨i Nv‡o Pvcv‡bv
wec` GKevi †K‡U †M‡jI evievi †h KvU‡e Ggb bq
`yB cÿ bv n‡j SMov nq bv
A`„ó wPim½x
GKB NUbvq GKR‡bi hLb wec` Ab¨R‡bi Avb›`
my‡hvM mÜvbx
A‡b¨i Dci w`‡q ¯^v_ D×vi
GK K‡ói Dci Av‡iK Kó
hvi †h ¸Y †bB, Zvi Dci †mB ¸Y Av‡ivc Kiv
Dfq msKU
wb‡Ri †`v‡l wec` †W‡K Avbv
wb‡Ri †`‡ki †jv‡Ki Kv‡Q Av`i _v‡K bv
KvR ïiæ Ki‡Z bv Ki‡ZB dj jv‡fi Avkv
¯^‡NvwlZ †bZv
mvnvh¨`v‡bi Avkv w`‡q mvnvh¨ bv Kiv
Aÿ‡gi AwZwi³ cÖZ¨vkv
Af¨vm I Aa¨emv‡qi d‡j `ÿZv Av‡m
‡QvU eo bvg MÖnY
‡hLv‡b KvR †mLvb †Póv bv K‡i Ab¨ RvqMvq †Póv Kiv
webv cwikÖwg‡K AcÖ‡qvRbxq Kv‡R e¨¯Í nIqv
Kvg¨e¯‘‡K Abv`i Kiv
evB‡ii PUK`vwi‡Z Avmj cwiPq dz‡U I‡V bv
cwiwPZ e¨w³‡K bZzb K‡i cwiPq Kwi‡q †`qvi `iKvi c‡o bv|
Amvay †jvK‡K Dc‡`k `vb e„_v
Am¾‡bi m‡½ Am¾‡biB fve M‡o I‡V
AcÖZ¨vwkZ wec` Abyfe Kiv
wbZvšÍ wbt¯^
wbR wbR ¯^v_© wPšÍv
mvgvb¨ KvR Ki‡Z Ae‡njvi cv‡Îi †LvuR Kiv
Zz”Q Kv‡R nvZ w`‡q `yb©vg cvIqv
AevwÃZ SÅvU †_‡K †invB cvIqvi AvKzjZv
duvwK w`‡q mn‡R KivqË Kiv hvq Ggb wRwbm
‡h e¨vcv‡i gvby‡li nvZ †bB
Bkvivq wZi¯‹vi
Ae¯’v ey‡S my‡hvM MÖnY Kiv
eva¨ n‡q bwZ ¯^xKvi Kiv
ÿgZv bv _vK‡j KZ©„Z¡ Ki‡Z hvIqv e„_v
hvi A‡bK Av‡Q Zv‡KB AviI †`qvi cÖe„wË
weNœ m„wóKvix †jvK Kv‡Ri n‡jI Zvi nvZ †_‡K †invB cvIqv g½jRbK
mh‡Zœ kÎæ‡K cÖwZ cvjb Kiv
Zz”QÁvb Kiv
AcÖvmw½K K_v
Page 41 of 80
 bP‡Z bv Rvb‡j D‡Vvb evuKv
wb‡Ri bvK †K‡U c‡ii hvÎv f½
c‡ii a‡b †cvÏvwi
cyiv‡bv Pvj fv‡Z ev‡o
‡c‡U †L‡j wc‡V mq
weov‡ji fv‡M¨ wk‡K †Quov
webv †g‡N eRªvNvZ
wel †bB Zvi Kz‡jvcbv P°i
evb‡ii Mjvq gy‡³vi gvjv
webv †g‡N eRªcvZ
‡evSvi Ici kv‡Ki AvuwU
gkv gvi‡Z Kvgvb `vMv
hvi we‡q Zvi †LvuR †bB, cvovcowki Nyg †bB
hZ M‡R© ZZ e‡l© bv
hv‡i †`L‡Z bvwi, Zvi Pjb evuKv
‡hLv‡b ev‡Ni fq, †mLv‡b mܨv nq
‡hgb ey‡bv Ij †Zgb evNv †ZuZzj
kvK w`‡q gvQ XvKvv
wkKvwi †eov‡ji †Mvud †`L‡j †Pbv hvq
‡mvRv Av½y‡j wN I‡V bv
¯^‡M© `vmZ¡ A‡cÿv bi‡K ivRZ¡ fv‡jv
nvwZ Kv`vq co‡j PvgwP‡KI jvw_ gv‡i
nv‡Zi j²x cv‡q †Vjv
nv‡ZiI hv‡e cv‡ZiI hv‡e
nvq‡i Avgov, †Kej AvuwU Avi Pgov
evP¨ I evP¨ cwieZ©b
KZ©„evP¨
iæ‡ej Qwe AvuK‡Q
Avj Avwgb eB co‡Q
wZwb hv‡eb bv
Zzwwg †Kvb K¬v‡m co?
Kg©evP¨
weØvb mK‡ji Øviv m¤§wbZ nb
iæ‡ej KZ©„K Qwe AvuKv n‡”Q
AÿgZv XvKvi Rb¨ ev‡R ARynvZ
wb‡Ri ÿwZ K‡iI A‡b¨i me©bv‡ki †Póv
A‡b¨i A_© B”Qvg‡Zv LiP K‡i eo‡jvwK †`Lv‡bv
eû`kx© weÁ †jv‡Ki ¸Y A‡bK
jv‡fi m¤¢vebv _vK‡j Kó mn¨ Kiv hvq
webv †Póv‡ZB evwÃZ wRwbm jvf Kiv
AvKw¯§K wec`
ÿgZvnx‡bi †gŠwLK Avùvjb
A‡hvM¨i my›`i e¯‘ jvf
AvKw¯§K wec‡`i D`q
¸iæfv‡ii Ici nvjKv evowZ IRb
mvgvb¨ e¨vcv‡i e„nr Av‡qvRb
G‡Ki Rb¨ A‡b¨i `ywðZv
gy‡L hZ, Kv‡R ZZ bq
AwcÖq e¨w³i LyuZ AbymÜvb
wec‡`i Avk¼v-¯’‡j wec` †b‡g Avmv
`y‡ói †hvM¨ cÖwZØ›Øx
Zz”Q KviY †`wL‡q Aciva †Mvc‡bi †Póv
fvefw½ †`‡LB Kv‡Ri †jvK †Pbv hvq
RwUj KvR m¤úv`‡b K~U‡KŠk‡ji cÖ‡qvRb nq
¯^vaxbZvB AMÖMY¨
wec‡` co‡j kw³kvjx †jvK‡KI Zz”Q †jv‡Ki MÄbv mB‡Z nq
eyw× †`v‡l †mŠfv‡M¨i my‡hvM bó Kiv
GK‚j IK‚j `yK‚jB nviv‡bv
AšÍtmvik~b¨
Kg©evP¨
iæ‡ej KZ…©K Qwe AvuKv n‡”Q|
Avj Avwgb Øviv eB cwVZ n‡”Q|
Zvi hvIqv n‡e bv|
‡Zvgvi †Kvb K¬v‡m cov nq?
KZ©„evP¨
weØvb‡K mK‡jB m¤§vb K‡i|
iæ‡ej Qwe AvuK‡j|

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

µ.bs. cÖkœ DËi

01. GB †mB ÔMÕwPwýZ ¯’vb †hLv‡b evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i 1g wb`©kb cvIqv hvq; bvg †mwUi-
02. eBwUi wZeŸwZ fvlvi Abyev`K wQ‡jb †K?
Page 42 of 80
 03. ÔKÕ wPwýZ ¯’v‡b cÖvß eBwUi Avwe®‹viK †K?
04. `„k¨c‡U euvKzov †Rjvi †Kv_vq ga¨hy‡Mi Avw` wb`k©b cvIqv hvq?
05. Ôe½Õ k‡ãi e¨envi cÖ_g †Kvb eB‡q cvIqv hvq?
evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i hyMwefvM
hyM mgq wb`k©b
cÖvPxb hyM 650-1200 Ph©vc`
1201-1350 hyMmwÜ ev AÜKvi hyM
kÖxK…òKxZ©b
g½jKve¨
Abyev` mvwnZ¨
ga¨hyM AvivKvb ivRmfvq mvwnZ¨
1201-1800
bv_ mvwnZ¨
gwm©qv mvwnZ¨
‰eòe mvwnZ¨
Kweqvj I kv‡qi
‡jvKmvwnZ¨
AvaywbK hyM 1801-1860 cÖ_g ch©vq
1861-eZ©gvb wØZxq ch©vq
cÖvPxb hyM I Ph©vc`
welq/cÖk.œ .. Z_¨/DËi `„k¨cU
650-1200 [knx`yjøvn], 950-
evsjv mwn‡Z¨i cÖvPxb hy‡Mi mgq mxgv
1200 [mybxwZ Kzgvi]

evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i Avw` wb`©kb Ph©vc`

Avðh©Ph©vPq ev Ph©vðh©wewbðq ev
Ph©vc` Avi Kx bv‡g cwiwPZ? Ph©¨vPh©¨wewbðq ev Ph©vMxwZ‡Kvl ev
Ph©vMxwZ|
1907 mv‡j †bcv‡ji ivR
MÖš’vMvi i‡qj jvB‡eªwi †_‡K
nicÖmv` kv¯¿x KZ mv‡j, †Kv_v †_‡K Ph©vc` Avwe®‹vi K‡ib?
Ph©vc` Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|

gnvg‡nvcva¨vq| 1898 mv‡j

nicÖmv` kv¯¿xi Dcvax Kx wQj?
wZwb G Dcvwa cvb|
XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq|
nicÖmv` kv¯¿x †Kvb wek¦we`¨vj‡qi evsjv wefv‡Mi cÖ_g wefvMxq cÖavb wQ‡jb?
Ph©vc` †Kvb kvmb Avg‡j iwPZ? cvj I †mb kvmb Avg‡j|

†eŠ× mnwRqv a‡g©i mvabZË¡|

Ph©vc‡`i cÖwZcv`¨ welq Kx?

50wU ev gZvšÍ‡i 51wU

Ph©vc‡` †gvU KZwU c` wQj?

mv‡o †QPwjøkwU|
KZwU c` D×vi Kiv m¤¢e n‡qwQj?

Ph©vc‡` KZRb Kwei c` cvIqv ‡M‡Q? 23 Rb Kwei|

Page 43 of 80
 welq/cÖk.œ .. Z_¨/DËi `„k¨cU
Ph©vc‡` KZRb Kwe c` iPbv K‡i‡Qb e‡j cÖgvY Av‡Q?
24 Rb|

Kvýcv 13wU c` iPbv K‡ib|

Ph©vc‡`i me‡P‡q †ewk c` iPbv K‡ib †K?
wKš‘ cvIqv ‡M‡Q 12wU|
fzmyKzcv †gvU KqwU c` iPbv K‡ib? 8wU [Zuvi wjwLZ 23 bs c‡`i
A‡a©K cvIqv hvq]|
jyBcv| [GB gZvgZ e¨³
K‡i‡Qb nicÖmv` kv¯¿x, Zuvi
Ph©vc` Z_v evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i Avw` Kwe ev cÖ_g Kwe †K?
m‡½ A‡bK cwÐZ GKgZ n‡j
I W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn GKgZ
n‡Z cv‡ib wb|]
Ph©vc‡`i Kwe I c` msL¨v
Kwe c` msL¨v †Kvb¸‡jv
 Kvücv 13wU 7,9,10,11,12,13, 18,19,24 [cvIqv hvqwb],36,40,42,45
 fzmyKzcv 8wU 6,21,23,27,30,41,43,49
 mincv 4wU 22,32,38,39
 Kz°zixcv 3wU 2,20,48
 kvwšÍcv 2wU 15, 26
 keicv 2wU 28, 50
 jyBcv 2wU 1 I 29
 Avh©‡`ecv 1wU 31
 K¼Ycv 1wU 44
 Kj¤^jv¤^icv, 1wU 8
 ¸Ðixcv, 1wU 4
 PvwUjøcv 1wU 5
 ‡WÐYcv 1wU 33
 ‡Wv¤^xcv 1wU 14
 ZviKcv 1wU 37
 `vwiKcv 1wU 34
 weiæcv 1wU 3
 exbvcv 1wU 17
 gnxaicv 1wU 16
 fv‡`cv 1wU 35
 Rqb›`xcv 1wU 46
 ag©cv 1wU 47
 Zš¿xcv 1wU 25 [cvIqv hvqwb]
 jvox‡Wv¤^xcv †Kvb c` cvIqv hvqwb

AÜKvi hyM
welq/cÖk.œ .. Z_¨/DËi `„k¨cU
evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i †h hy‡M evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i †Kvb wb`k©b †g‡j bv
AÜKvi hyM Kx?
Zv‡K AÜKvi hyM e‡j|

AÜKvi hy‡Mi mgqmxgv KZ? 1201 wLª÷vã †_‡K 1350 wLª÷vã ch©šÍ †gvU †`ok eQi|

ivgvB cwЇZi Ôk~b¨c~ivYÕ Ges njvq~a wg‡kªi Ô†mK

AÜKvi hy‡Mi †Kvb mvwnwZ¨K wb`k©b
ï‡fv`qvÕ|

Page 44 of 80
 welq/cÖk.œ .. Z_¨/DËi `„k¨cU
evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ AÜKvi hy‡Mi Rb¨ †Kvb
BLwZqvi DÏxb gyn¤§` eLwZqvi LjwR|
kvmK‡K `vqx Kiv nq?

†Kvb †Kvb M‡elK AÜKvi hy‡Mi Aw¯ÍZ¡ W. `x‡bkP›`ª †mb, W. Gbvgyj nK, W. myKzgvi †mb, W. h`ybv_
†g‡b wb‡Z Pvb bv? miKvi cÖgyL AÜKvi hy‡Mi Aw¯ÍZ¡ ¯^xKvi K‡ib bv|

wewmGm weMZ cÖkœ

01. Ph©vc‡`i †Kvb ag© g‡Zi K_v Av‡Q? [40Zg wewmGm wcÖwj.]
K. wLª÷ag© L. c¨vMwbRg
M. ‰Rbag© N.‡eŠ×ag© DËi: N
02. DwjøwLZ‡`i g‡a¨ †K cÖvPxb hy‡Mi Kwe bb? [40Zg wewmGm wcÖwj.]
K. Kvýcv` L. jyBcv`
M. kvwšÍcv` N.igYxcv`  DËi: N
03. ÔmܨvfvlvÕ †Kvb mvwnZ¨K‡g©i m‡½ hy³? [38Zg wewmGm wcÖwj.]
K. Ph©vc` L. c`vewj
M. g½jKve¨ N. ‡ivgvÝKve¨ DËi: K
04. ÔPh©vPh©wewbðqÕGi A_© Kx? [37Zg wewmGm wcÖwj.]
K. †KvbwU Ph©vMvb, Avi †KvbwU bq
L. †KvbwU AvPiYxq, Avi †KvbwU bq 
M. †KvbwU PivP‡ii, Avi †KvbwU bq
N. †KvbwU AvPv‡h©i, Avi †KvbwU bq DËi: L
05. W. gynv¤§` knx`yjøvn m¤úvw`Z Ph©vc` welqK MÖ‡š’i bvg wK?
[37Zg wewmGm wcÖwj.]
K. Buddhist Mystic songs  L. Ph©vMxwZKv
M. Ph©vMxwZ‡Kvl
N. nvRvi eQ‡ii cyivY evsjv fvlvq †eŠ×Mvb I †`vnv DËi: N
06. me‡P‡q †ewk Ph©vc` cvIqv †M‡Q †Kvb Kwei? [37Zg wewmGm wcÖwj.]
K. jyBcv L. fzmyKzcv
M. keicv N. Kvýcv DËi: N
07. evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i cÖvPxb hy‡Mi wb`k©b †KvbwU? [35Zg wewmGm wcÖwj.]
K. wbićbi iægv L. ¸wcP‡›`ªi mbœ¨vm
M. †`vnv‡Kvl  N. gqbvgwZi Mvb DËi: M
08. me‡P‡q †ewk Ph©vc` cvIqv †M‡Q †Kvb Kwei? [35Zg wewmGm wcÖwj.]
K. jyBcv L. fzmyKzcv
M. keicv N. Kvýcv  DËi: N
09. evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ AÜKvi hyM ej‡Z [34Zg wewmGm wcÖwj.]
K. 11991250 ch©šÍ L. 12011350 ch©šÍ 
M. 12501350 ch©šÍ N. 12501450 ch©šÍ DËi: L
10. ÔPh©vc`Õ KZ mv‡j Avwe®‹„Z nq? [34Zg wewmGm wcÖwj.]
K. 1800 L. 1857
M. 1907 N. 1909 DËi: M
11. evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i cVb-cvV‡bi myweavi Rb¨ evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i BwZnvm‡K wZbwU hy‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i cÖvPxb hyM|
[34Zg wewmGm wcÖwj.]
K. 450650 L. 650850
M. 6501200  N. 6501250 DËi: M
12. Ph©vc` †Kvb Q‡›` †jLv? [33Zg wewmGm wcÖwj.]
K. Aÿie„Ë L. gvÎve„Ë 
M. ¯^ie„Ë N. AwgÎvÿi Q›` DËi: L
13. Ôk~Y¨cyivYÕ iPbv K‡i‡QbÑ [32Zg wewmGm wcÖwj.]

Page 45 of 80
K. ivgvB cwÐZ  L. kªxKi b›`x
M. weRq ¸ß N. †jvPb `vm DËi: K
14. evsjv fvlvi Avw` wb`k©b Ph©vc` Avwe®‹„Z nq KZ mv‡j? [30Zg wewmGm wcÖwj.]
K 2007 L. 1907 
M. 1909 N. 1916 DËi: L
15. evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i Avw` Kwe †K? [29Zg wewmGm wcÖwj.]
K. Kvýcv L. †PÐbcv
M. jyBcv N. f‚myKzcv DËi: M
16. Ph©vc` Avwe®‹…Z nq †Kv_v †_‡K? [28Zg wewmGm wcÖwj.]
K. euvKzovi GK M„n‡¯’i †Mvqvj Ni †_‡K
L. AvivKvb ivRMÖš’vMvi †_‡K
M. †bcv‡ji ivR MÖš’kvjv †_‡K N. my`~i Pxb †`‡k †_‡K DËi: M
17. evsjv fvlvi cÖ_g Kve¨ msKjb ÔPh©vc`Õ Gi Avwe®‹viKÑ [17Zg wewmGm wcÖwj.]
K. W±i gynv¤§` knx`yjøvn& L. W±i mybxwZKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq
M. nicÖmv` kv¯¿x N. W±i myKzgvi †mb DËi: M

D‡jøL‡hvM¨ g½jKve¨ iPwqZv I cÖavb PwiÎ

Kve¨ KweMb cÖavb PwiÎ
gbmvg½j Kvbvnwi`Ë, bvvivqY‡`e, weRq¸ß, wecÖ`vm, wcwcjvB, wØR Pvu` mI`vMvi, †eûjv, jwL›`i, gbmv
eskx`vm, †KZKv`vm †ÿgvb›`
PÐxg½j gvwbK`Ë, wØR gvae, gyKz›`ivg PµeZ©x, w`¦Rivg †`e, gy³ivg dzjøiv, Kvj‡KZz, abcwZ, fvo–`Ë, gyivix kxj
†mb
Abœ`vg½j fviZP›`ª ivq¸YvKi Ck^ix cvUbx, nxivgvwjbx
ag©g½j gq~i fÆ, Avw`iƒcivg, †Ljvivg PµeZx©, k¨vg cwÐZ, Nbivg jvD‡mb, nwið›`ª
PµeZ©x, biwmsn emy
‰PZb¨‡`‡ei D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Rxebx MÖš’
iwPqZv MÖ‡š’i bvg
e„›`veb `vm kªx‰PZb¨fvMeZ
‡jvPb `vm ‰PZb¨ g½j
K…ò`vm KweivR ‰PZb¨PwiZvg„Z
gyivwi¸ß kÖx kÖx K…ò ˆPZb¨ PwiZvg„Zg
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Abyev` mvwnZ¨
Abyev`‡Ki bvg Ab~w`Z MÖš’ g~jMÖš’ g~j iPwqZv
K…wËevm ISv ivgvqY ivgvqY evj¥xwK
Kvkxivg `vm gnvfviZ gnvfviZ e¨vm‡`e/‡e`e¨vm
gvjvai emy fvMeZ fvMeZ cyivY e¨vm‡`e/‡e`e¨vm
biwmsn `vm I b‡ivËg `vm nsm`~Z nsm`~Z iƒc‡Mv¯^vgx
mvwewi` Lvb we`¨vmy›`i †PŠicÂvwkKv, wejnY, eiiæwP
we`¨vmy›`ig
‡`ŠjZ DwRi evnivg Lvb jvqjx-gRby jvqjv Iqv gRbyb wbRvgx
kvn gyn¤§` mMxi, Ave`yj nvwKg, BDmyd-Ry‡jLv BDmyd Iqv RyjqLv Rvgx
dwKi Mixeyjøvn
AvjvIj cÙveZx c`ygver gvwjK gynv¤§` Rvqmx
AvjvIj nß cqKi ndZ cqKi wbRvgx
bIqvwRm Lvb, ¸‡j eKvIjx ZvRyjg~jK ¸j-B eKv¸jx B¾Zzjøvn
gyn¤§` gyKxg
Ave`yj nvwKg b~ibvgv
Ave`yj Kwig
gxi gyn¤§` kdx
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ gymwjg mvwnwZ¨K I Zv‡`i mvwnZ¨Kg©
Kvj Kwe Kve¨
c‡b‡iv kZK kvn gyn¤§` mMxi BDmyd-Ry‡jLv

Page 46 of 80
 ‡lv‡jv kZK ‡`ŠjZ DwRi evnivg Lvb jvBjx-gRby
‡lv‡jv kZK gyn¤§` Kexi gaygvjZx
‡lv‡jv kZK AvjvIj cÙveZx, nß cqKi
m‡Z‡iv kZK bIqvwRm Lvb ¸‡j eKvIjx
AvVv‡iv kZK gyn¤§` gyKxg g„MveZx
AvVv‡iv kZK ‡kL mv`x M`vgwjøKv
gqgbwmsn A‡ji K‡qKwU cvjv I iƒcK_vi bvg
cvjv/iƒcK_vi bvg iPwqZv
gûqv wØR KvbvB
gjyqv P›`ªveZx (Abygvb)
P›`ªveZx I RqP›`ª bqvbPvu` †Nvl
Kgjv wØR Ckvb
`my¨ †Kbvivg P›`ªeZx
‡`Iqvbv gw`bv gbmyi eqvZx
ivgvqY P›`ªveZx
we`¨vmy›`i Kwe K¼
iƒceZx, KvRj †iLv, †`Iqvb fvebv AÁvZ
K¼ I jxjv `‡gv`i, iNymyZ, bqvbPvu` †Nvl, kÖxbv_ †ewbqv
evsjv M‡`¨i Awe¯§iYxi e¨w³Z¡ I Zv‡`i mvwnZ¨Kg©
bvg mvwnZ¨Kg©
g‡bvGj `¨ Avmmy¤úmvuI K…cvi kv‡¯¿i A_©‡f`
DBwjqvg †Kwi(1761-1834) K‡_vcK_b (1801) I BwZnvmgvjv (1812)
ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq(1772-1833) ‡e`všÍ Mªš’(1815) †e`všÍ mvi (1815)
Ck^P›`ª we`¨vmvMi (18820-1891) †eZvj cwÂweskwZ (1847), we`¨vmvMi PwiZ (1892)
KvjxcÖmbœ wmsn (1840-1870)
c¨vixPvu` wgÎ (1812-1883) û‡Zvg c¨vuPvi bKkv(1862)
Ck^P›`ª ¸ß (1812-1859) ivgcÖmv` †mb KZ…©K KvjxKxZ©b (1833), Kweei fviZP›`ª
ivq¸YvK‡ii Rxebe„ËvšÍ (1833), cÖ‡eva cÖfvKi (1883)
AÿqKzgvi `Ë (1820-1886) fveZel©xq DcvmK m¤úª`vq (1g LÐ 1870, 2q LÐ 1883)
ivgivg emy (1757-1813) ivRvcÖZvcvw`Z¨ PwiÎ (1801) I wjwcgvjv (1802)
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cwÎKv, mvgwqKx I m¤úv`K
bvg cÖ_g cÖKvk m¤úv`K
‡e½j †M‡RU 1780 ‡Rgm AMv÷vm wnwK
w`M`&kb© 1818 Rb K¬vK© gvk©g¨vb
mgvPvi `c©Y 1818 Rb K¬vK© gvk©g¨vb
ev½vj †M‡RU 1818 M½vwK‡kvi fÆvPvh©
eªvþY †mewa 1821 ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq
m¤^v` †KŠgy`x 1821 ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq I
fevYxPiY e‡›`¨vcva¨vq
mgvPv Pw›`ªKv 1822 fevbx e‡›`¨vcva¨vq
msev` iZœvejx 1825 Ck^P›`ª ¸ß
e½`~Z 1829 bxjgwY nvj`vi
msev` cÖfvKi 1831 Ck^iP›`ª ¸ß
mgvPvi mfviv‡R›`ª 1831 ‡kL Avjxgyjøvn
ZË¡evwabx 1843 AÿqKzgvi `Ë
iscyi evZ©ven 1847 ¸iæPiY ivq
me©ïfKvix cwÎKv 1850 Ck^Pb`ª we`¨vmvMi
cvlÐ cxob 1846 Ck^iP›`ª ¸ß
GWz‡Kkb †M‡RU 1846 i½jvj e‡›`¨vcva¨vq
msev` mvayiÄb 1847 Ck^iP›`ª ¸ß
gvwmK cwÎKv 1854 c¨vixPv` wgÎ I ivavbv_ wkK`vi
c~wY©gv 1859 wenvixjvj PµeZ©x
Page 47 of 80
 XvKv cÖKvk 1861 K…òP›`ª gRyg`vi
e½`k©b 1872 ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq
fviZx 1877 w؇R›`ªbv_ VvKzi
mvwnZ¨ 1890 m‡ikP›`ª mgvRcwZ
nv‡dR 1897 ‡kL Ave`yi iwng
evmbv 1908 ‡kL dRjj Kwig
meyRcÎ 1914 cÖg_ †PŠayix
mIMvZ 1918 ‡gvnv¤§` bvwmiDÏxb
‡gvm‡jg fviZ 1920 ‡gvRv‡¤§j nK
‰`wbK †meK 1921 ‡gvnv¤§` AvKig Lvu
a~g‡KZz 1922 KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg
K‡jøvj 1923 `x‡bk iÄb `vm
gymwjg RMr 1923 Lvb gvnv¤§` gCbyÏxb
mvßvwnK gymwjg RMr 1925 Aveyj Kvjvg kvgmyÏxb
jv½j 1925 KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg
cÖMwZ 1926 ‡cÖ‡g›`ª wgÎ
wkLv (cÖ_g eQi) 1927 Aveyj û‡mb
wkLv ( 2q I 3q eQi) 1927 KvRx †gvZvnvi †nv‡mb
cwiPq 1931 myax›`ªbv_ `Ë
c~ev©kv 1932 mÄq fÆvPvh©
‰`wbK AvRv` 1935 ‡gvnv¤§` AvKig Lvu
‰`wbK behyM 1941 KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg
KweZv 1935 eyׇ`e emy
‡eMg 1949 b~iRvnvb †eMg
mgKvj 1957 wmKv›`vi Avey Rvdi
‡Rnv` 1962 Aveyj Kvjvg kvgmyÏxb
evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i Jcb¨vwmK I Dcb¨vm
Jcb¨vwmK Dcb¨vm
c¨vixPvu` wgÎ Avjv‡ji N‡ii `yjvj (1858)
A‰ØZ gjøeg©Y wZZvm GKwU b`xi bvg (1956)
ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq KcvjKzÐjv (1866), wele„ÿ (1873), K…òKv‡šÍi DBj (1878), Avb›`gV (1882)
AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv` ‡ZBk b¤^i ˆZjwPÎ (1960)
Avey BmnvK m~h©-`xNj evox (1955)
Avey Rvdi kvgmyÏxb cÙv †gNbv hgybv (1974)
Av‡bvqvi cvkv ivB‡dj †ivwU AvIivZ (1974)
KvjxcÖmbœ wmsn û‡Zvg c¨vuPvi bKkv (1862)
KvRx Bg`v`yj nK Ave`yjøvn (1933)
KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg evuab-nviv(1927), g„Zz¨ÿzav (1930) I Kz‡nwjKv (1931)
RmxgD`&`xb ‡evevKvwnbx (19664)
Rxebvb›` `vk gvj¨evb (1973), mZx_© (1974)
Rwni ivqnvb nvRvi eQi a‡i (1371), Av‡iK dvêyb (1375), eid Mjv b`x (1376)
bwRei ingvb Av‡bvqviv (1914)
eyׇ`e emy mvov (1930), wZw_‡Wvi (1949), wbR©b ¯^vÿi (1951)
gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq Rbbx (1935), w`evivwÎi Kve¨ (1935), cÙvb`xi gvwS (1936), cyZzjbv‡Pi BwZK_v (1936)
gxi gkvid †nv‡mb welv`-wmÜz (1885-1891)
‡gvnv¤§ †gvRv‡¤§j nK ‡Rvniv (1926)
iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi ‡Pv‡Li evwj (1903), †Mviv (1910), N‡i-evwn‡i (1916), PZzi½ (1916), Pvi Aa¨vq (1934),
†k‡li KweZv (1929)
†iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ cÙivM (1924)
†nv‡mb
kirP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq ‰eKz‡Éi DBj (1916), cjøxmgvR (1916), †`e`vm (1917), Rvnvbœvg nB‡Z we`vq (1971) `yB ‰mwbK
(1973)
Page 48 of 80
 kvgmyi ingvb A‡±vcvm (1983), A™¢zZ Avuavi GK (1985)
m‡Z¨b †mb Awfkß bMix (1967)
‡mq` kvgmyj nK GK gwnjvi Qwe (1959), mxgvbv Qvwo‡q (1964)
nvmvb AvwRRyj nK e„Ëvqb (1991), wkDwj (2006),Av¸bcvwL (2006)
ûgvq~b Avn‡g` bw›`Z bi‡K (1976), †RvQbv I Rbbxi Mí (2005)
ûgvqyb AvRv` cvK mvi Rwgb mv` ev` (2004)
ûgvq~b Kwei b`x I bvix (1945)
Pjw”PÎ wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q Ggb D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Dcb¨vm
Dcb¨v‡mi bvg Dcb¨v‡mi iPwqZv
bw›`Z bi‡K, k•Lbxj KvivMvi, Av¸‡bi cikgwb,k¨vgj Qvqv ûgvq~b Avn‡g`
mv‡is †eŠ, mskßK knx`yjøv Kvqmvi
m~h©-`xNj evox Avey BmnvK
nvRvi eQi a‡i Rwni ivqnvb
‡cvKvgvK‡oi NiemwZ, nvOi b`x †MÖ‡bW ‡mwjbv †nv‡mb
cÙvb`xi gvwS gvwbK e‡›`vcva¨vq
wZZvm GKwU b`xi bvg A‰ØZ gjøeg©Y
‡Mviv, †Pv‡Li evwj, †bŠKvWzwe iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi
evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i D‡jøL‡hvM¨ bvUK I bvU¨Kvi
bvU¨Kvi bvUK
ZvivPiY wkK`vi f`ªvRyb©
‡hv‡M›`ªP›`ª ¸ß KxZ©wejvm
ivgbvivqY ZK©iZœ KzjxbKzjme©¯^, †eYxmsnvi, iZœvejx
gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë kwg©ôv, cÙveZx, bexb Zcw¯^bx, Kg‡j Kvwgbx
`xbeÜz wgÎ mxZvi ebevm, cÖdzjø, wmivR‡ÏŠjv, Awfgby¨ea
gxi gkviid †nv‡mb emšÍKzgvix, Rgx`vi, AkÖægZ©x
w؇R›`ªjvj ivq ZvivevC, b~iRvnvb, †gevicZb, mvRnvb
iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi Zv‡mi †`k, i³Kie, WvKNi, cÖvqwðË, Kv‡ji
hvÎv,wemR©b
KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg Av‡jqv, gaygvjv, wSwjwgwj, cyZz‡ji we‡q
gb¥_ ivq mvweÎx, Pvu`m`vMi, mxZv
RmxgD`&`xb ‡e‡`i †g‡q, gaygvjv, cÙvcvi
b~iæj †gv‡gb myo½, ewncxi, Zi½f½
gybxi †PŠayix i³v³ cÖvšÍi, Kei, cjvkx KvivZ I Ab¨vb¨
ivwRqv Lvb AveZ©
Kj¨vY wgÎ wÎiZœ, GKwU RvwZ GKwU BwZnvm, Rjøv‡`i `ievi|
KvjxcÖmbœ wmsn beevey, mvweÎx mZ¨evb
weRb fÆvPvh© bevbœ, †MvÎvšÍi, Ae‡iva|

D‡jøL‡hvM¨ evsjv cÖeÜKvi I cÖeÜ

cÖeÜKvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cÖeÜ
iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi mf¨Zvi msKU, mvwn‡Z¨i ¯^iƒc, cÂf‚Z, KvjvšÍi
KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg ivRe›`xi Revbe›`x
kirP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq bvixi g~j¨, Ziæ‡Yi we‡`ªvn, ¯^‡`k I mwnZ¨
‰mq` Avjx Avnmvb KweZvi K_v
Rxebvb›` `vk KweZvi K_v
‡eMg †iv‡Kqv gywZPzi, Ae‡ivaevwmbx
eyׇ`e emy nVvr Av‡jvi SjKvwb, Kv‡ji cyZzj
gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq ‡jL‡Ki K_v
AvLZviæ¾vgvb Bwjqvm ms¯‹…wZi fvOv †mZz
gybxi †PŠayix gxi gvbm
c¨vixPvu` wgÎ The Zamindar and Royats
Avj gvngy` Kwei AvZ¥wek^vm, w`bhvcb, bvix wbMÖn
Page 49 of 80
 W. bxwjgv Beªvwng kir cÖwZfv, evOvjxgvbm I evsjv mwnZ¨
gyng¥` Gbvgyj nK gbxlv gÄylv, gymwjg ev½vjv mvwnZ¨
e`iæÏxb Igi ms¯‹„wZi msKU, mvs¯‹…wZK mv¤úª`vwqKZv
cÖg_ †PŠayix exie‡ji nvjLvZv, †Zj byb jKwo, ivq‡Zi K_v,
bvbv K_v
Wv. jyrdi ingvb gnr Rxeb, gvbe Rxeb, DbœZ Rxeb
RM`xkP›`ª emy Ae¨³
KvRx †gvZvnvi †nv‡mb mÂqb, †mB c_ jÿ¨ K‡i
W. ûgvqyb AvRv` wbweo bxwjgv, gvZvj ZiYx, Avavi I Av‡aq|
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ ig¨iPbv
iPwqZv ig¨iPbv
fevbxPiY e‡›`¨vcva¨vq beeveywejvm, bewewe wejvm, KwjKvZv Kgjvjq
‰mq` gyRZev Avjx cÂZš¿, gq~iKÚx
ewOKgP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq KgjvKv‡šÍi `ßi, gywPivg ¸‡oi RxebPwiZ,†jvKinm¨
kIKZ Imgvb wbR¯^ msev``vZv ‡cÖwiZ
KvRx `xb †gvnv¤§` ‡MvjP‡›`ªi AvZ¥K_v
b~iæj †gv‡gb eûiƒc, bimy›`i, wns wUs QU (cÖ_g LÐ, 2q LÐ)
nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb `wÿ‡Yi Rvbvjv
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ ågYKvwnwb
iPwqZv ågbKvwnwb
mÄxeP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq cvjv‡gŠ
RmxgD``xb P‡j gymvwdi, †h †`‡k gvbyl evo, nj‡` cixi †`k
gyn¤§` Avãyj nvB wejv‡Z mv‡o mvZ kÕw`b
knx`yjøv Kvqmvi ‡ckvqvi †_‡K ZvmL›`
Beªvnxg Lvu B¯Ív¤^yj hvÎxi cÎ, bqvRM‡Zi c‡_
Abœ`vk¼i ivq c‡_ cÖev‡m
W. gyn¤§` Gbvg nK eyj‡Mwiqv ågY
‰mq` gyRZev Avjx ‡`‡k-we‡`‡k
Rûiæj nK mvZ-muvZvi (Av‡gwiKv ågYKvwnwb)
Av.b.g eRjyi ikx` wØZxq c„w_ex‡Z, c_ †eu‡a w`j
iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi ivwkqvi wPwV, Rvcvb hvÎx
mywdqv Kvgvj ‡mvwf‡q‡Zi w`b¸wj
wbg©‡j›`y ¸Y fjMvi Zx‡i
mvbvDj nK e›`i †_‡K e›`i

D‡jøL‡hvM¨ evsjv Kwe I Kve¨MÖš’

Kwe
Abœ`vk¼i ivq (1904-2002)
AÿqKzgvi eovj (1861-1919)
Awgq PµeZ©x (1901-1986)
Aveyj nvmvb (1947-1975)
Avnmvb nvexe (1917-1985)
Avey Rvdi Ievq`yjøvn
(1934-2001)
BmgvBj †nv‡mb wmivRx
(1880-1931)
Ck^iP›`ª ¸ß (1812-1859)
Kvwgbx ivq (1864-1933)
K…òP›`ª gRyg`vi (1834-1907)
KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg (1899-1976)
†Mvwe›`P›`ª `vm (1855-1918)
†Mvjvg †gv¯Ídv (1897-1964)
Kve¨MÖš’
ivLx (1932)
cÖ`xc (1886)
gvwUi †`qvj (1942)
ivRv hvq ivRv Av‡m (1972)
ivw·kl (1947), mviv `ycyi (1968)
Avwg wKOe`šÍxi K_ ejwQ (1981)
Abj cÖevn (1900), †¯úbweRq Kve¨ (1914)
cÖ‡eva cÖfvKi (1889)
Av‡jv I Qvqv (1889)
m™¢vekZK (1861)
AwMœexYv (1922), mvg¨ev`x (1925), we‡li evuwk (1924)
‡cÖg I dzj (1887), g‡Mi gyjyK (1892), P›`b (1896)
i³ivM(1924), eyjeywj¯Ívb (1949)
Page 50 of 80
 RmxD`&`xb(1903-1976) bKkxKvu_vi gvV (1929), ivLvjx (1927)
Rxebvb›` `vk (1899-1964) ebjZv †mb (1942), iƒcmx evsjv 91957)
diiæL Avng` (1918-1974) mvZ mvM‡ii gvwS (1944)
wenvixjvj PµeZ©x mvi`vg½j (1879) mv‡ai Avmb (1899) e½my›`ix (1870)
(1835-1894)
weòz †` (1909-1982) De©kx I Av‡Uwg (1933)
e‡›` Avjx wgqv (1906-1979) AbyivM (1932), gqbvgwZi Pi (1932)
eyׇ`e emy (1908-1974) e›`xi e›`bv (1930) K¼veZx (1937)
iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi (1861-1941) gvbmx (1890), †mvbvi Zix (1894), MxZvÄwj (1910), ejvKv(1916)
gvvgmyi ivngvb (1929-2006) cÖ_g Mvb wØZxq g„Zz¨i Av‡M (1960)
¯^Y©Kzgvix †`ex (1855-1932) KweZv I Mvb (1895), Mv_v (1927)
myax›`ªbv_ `Ë (1901-1960) Zš^x (1930), A‡K©÷ªv (1935)
myKvšÍ fÆvPvh© (1926-1947) QvocÎ (1947), c~e©vfvm (1950)
mywdqv Kvgvj (1911-1999) mvu‡Si gvqv (1938), AxfhvwÎK (1969)
nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb wegyL cÖvšÍi (1963),AvZ© kãvejx (1968)
(1932-1983)
KweZv
Kwe KweZv
AÿqKzgvi eovj Glv, gvbe-e›`bv
Awgq PµeZ©x evsjv‡`k
Ave`yj Kvw`i RqhvÎv
Avey †nbv †gv¯Ídv Kvgvj Avcb †hŠeb ‰eix, †h‡nZz Rb¥vÜ
Avey Rvdi Ievq`yjøvn Avwg wKZse`šÍxi K_v ejwQ, †Kvb GK gv‡K
Aveyj †nv‡mb Mvu‡qi WvK, cvwL n‡q hvq cÖvY
Avj gvngy` ‡mvbvwj Kvweb, wZZvm, †jvK-‡jvKvšÍi
Avnmvb nvexe Avwg †Kvb AMš‘K bB, c~e©vkvq Av‡jv
‡Mvjvg †gv¯Ídv Aiæ‡Yi Awfhvb, Rxeb wewbgq
Rxebvb›` `vk ebjZv †mb, Avevi Avme wd‡i
`vD` nvq`vi Rb¥B Avgvi AvRb¥ cvc
wbg©‡j›`y ¸Y bv †cÖwgK bv wecøex, ûwjqv
diiæL Avn‡g` mvZ mvM‡ii gvwS, cv‡Äwi
weòz †` De©kx I Av‡U©wgm, we¯§iYx, cjvqb, ivw·kl
gnv‡`e mvnv dzj KB ïay A‡¯¿i Djøvm, wPwV w`I
‡gvnv¤§` gwbiæ¾vgvb knx` ¯§i‡Y, Drm †_‡K †div
hZx›`ª‡gvnb evMPx KvRjv w`w`, AÜea~
iæ`ª gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn evZv‡m jv‡ki MÜ
kvgmyi ivngvb ¯^vaxbZv Zzwg, GKwU d‡UvMÖvd
mgi †mb MÖnY
wmKv›`vi Avey Rvdi GKz‡k †deªæqvwi, evsjv fvlv, evsjv Qv‡ov
myax›`ªbv_ `Ë A‡K©÷ªv, ˆngšÍx, kvk^Zx
myKvšÍ fÆvPvh© AvVv‡iv eQi eqm, kvk^Zx
m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `Ë gvbyl RvwZ, DËg I Aag, cvéxi Mvb
nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb Agi GKy‡k, Avgvi Avcb cZvKv
ûgvqyb Kwei ‡gNbvi Xj
‡ngP›`ª e‡›`¨vcva¨vq Rxebm½xZ, A‡kvKZiæ
evsjv gnvKve¨
iPwqZv gnvKve¨
gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë ‡gNbv`ea Kve¨ (1861)
†ngP›`ª e‡›`¨vcva¨vq e„Îmsnvi (1g LÐ 1875, 2q LÐ 1877)
bexbP›`ª †mb ‰ieZK (1887), Kziæ‡ÿÎ (1893), cÖfvm (1896)
Kvq‡Kvev` gnvk¥kvb (1905)
nvwg` Avjx Kv‡mgea Kve¨ (1914)
Page 51 of 80
 †hvox›`ªbv_ emy c„_¡xivR (1915), wkevRx (1921)
weL¨vZ gnvKve¨
iPwqZv gnvKve¨
evj¥xwK ivgvqY
e¨vm‡`e/ †e`e¨vm gnvfviZ
wgëb c¨vivWvBm j÷
‡nvgvi BwjqvW, IwWwm
†di‡`Šmx kvnbvgv
fvwR©j BwbW
fvlv Av‡›`vjb wfwËK MÖš’ I Pjw”PÎ
bvg cÖK„wZ iPwqZv/wbg©vZv
GKz‡ki Mí cÖ_g †QvUMí Rwni ivqnvb
Av‡iK dvêyb cÖ_g Dcb¨vm Rwni ivqnvb
Rxeb †_‡K †bqv Pjw”PÎ Rwni ivqnvb
Let there be Light Pjw”PÎ Rwni ivqnvb
Kei cÖ_g bvUK gybxi †PŠayix
Kuv`‡Z Avwmwb, duvwmi `vwe wb‡q G‡mwQ cÖ_g KweZv gvneye-Dj Avjg †PŠayix
GKz‡k †deªæqvwi cÖ_g msKjb MÖš’ nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb
AvZ©bv` Dcb¨vm kIKZ Imgvb
wbišÍi N›UvaŸwb Dcb¨vm ‡mwjbv †nv‡mb
gyw³hy×wfwËK bvUK
iPwqZv bvUK
‰mq` kvgmyj nK cv‡qi AvIqvR cvIqv hvq
Ave`yjøvn Avj gvgyb Avqbvq eÜzi gyL
ggZvRD``xb Avn‡g` Kx Pvn k•LwPj, eY©‡Pviv
AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv` bi‡K jvj †Mvjvc
bxwjgv Beªvnxg ‡h Ai‡Y¨ Av‡jv †bB
wRqv nvq`vi c¼Rwefvm
‡gvnv¤§` Gnmvbyjøvn wKsïK †h giæ‡Z
mvB` Avng` cÖwZw`b GKw`b
i‡Yk `vk¸ß †dix Avm‡Q
gyw³hy×wfwËK Dcb¨vm
iPwqZv Dcb¨vm
Av‡bvqvi cvkv ivB‡dj †ivwU AvIivZ
‰mq` kvgmyj nK wbwl× †jvevb, bxj `skb, GK hye‡Ki Qvqvc_, Îvwn
kIKZ Imgvb RjvsMx, Rvnvbœvg nB‡Z we`vq, `yB ˆmwbK, †bK‡o AiY¨
ûygvq~b Avn‡g` Av¸‡bi cikgwY, k¨vgj Qvqv, †RvQbv I Rbbxi Mí
Avj gvngy` Dcgnv‡`k
Avey Rvdi kvgmyÏxb ‡`qvj
‡mwjbv †nv‡mb nvOi b`x †MÖ‡bW, hy×
kIKZ Avjx hvÎv
ikx` nvq`vi LuvPvq, AÜ K_vgvjv
kvgmyi ivngvb A™¢zZ Auvavi GK
ikx` Kixg Avgvi hZ Møvwb
AvgRv` †nv‡mb A‡ejvq Amgq
Bg`v`yj nK wgjb Kv‡jv †Nvov, †NivI, gnvhy×
nviæb nvexe wcÖq‡hv×v wcÖqRb
gyw³hy×wfwËK KweZv
Kwe KweZv
A¨v‡jb wMbmevM© ‡m‡Þ¤^i Ab h‡kvi †ivW
gyw³hy×wfwËK Mí
iPwqZv Mí
Page 52 of 80
 kIKZ Imgvb Rb¥ hw` Ze e‡½
gyw³hy×wfwËK cÖeÜ
iPwqZv cÖeÜ
‡gRi †gvnv¤§` Ave`yj Rwjj A search for Identity
‡gRi †Rbv‡ij myLIqvšÍ wms The Liberation of Bangladesh
W. bxwjgv Beªvnxg Avwg exiv½bv ejwQ
‡mwjbv †nv‡mb GKvˇii XvKv
gyw³hy×wfwËK ¯§„wZK_v
iPwqZv ¯§„wZK_v
Gg Avi AvLZvi gyKzj Avwg weRq †`‡LwQ
Rvnvbviv Bgvg GKvˇii w`b¸wj
mywdqv Kvgvj GKvˇii Wv‡qwi
gyw³hy×wfwËK m¤úvw`Z MÖš’
iPwqZv MÖš’
nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb gyw³hy‡×i BwZnvm: `wjjcÎ (15 L‡Ð)
gyw³hy×wfwËK Pjw”PÎ
cwiPvjK Pjw”PÎ
Rwni ivqnvb Stop Genocide
Pvlx bRiæj Bmjvg Iiv 11 Rb, nvOi b`x †MÖ‡bW
bvwmiDwÏb BDmyd GKvˇii hxï
Lvb AvZvDi ingvb Avevi †Zviv gvbyl n
gyw³hy×wfwËK ¯§„wZK_v
iPwqZv ¯§„wZK_v
AcüZ evsjv‡`k ‡gvnv¤§` Avwbmyi ingvb
Aeiæ× bq gvm AvZvDi ingvb Lvb
AiwÿZ ¯^vaxbZvB civaxbZv ‡gRi Gg.G. Rwjj
Avgvi wKQz K_v ‡kL gywReyi ingvb
Avgiv evsjv‡`kx bv ev½vjx Avãyj Mvddvi †PŠayix
evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³i msMÖvg G.Avi. gwjøK
BwZnvm K_v e‡j ‰mq` byi Avn‡g`
ü`‡q evsjv‡`k cvbœv Kvqmvi
Gev‡ii msMÖvg ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg MvRxDj nK
gyw³hy‡×i bqgvm Gm Gg G f~Bqv
GKzk eQi c‡i N‡i †div ‰mq` †gv`v‡”Qi Avjx
GKvˇii K_vgvjv ‡eMg byiRvnvb
ey‡Ki †fZi Av¸b Rvnvbviv Bgvg
GKvˇii wbkvb, †divix m~h© iv‡eqv LvZzb
cÖwZ‡iv‡ai cÖ_g cÖni ‡gRi iwdKzj Bmjvg
jÿ cÖv‡Yi wewbg‡q ‡gRi iwdKzj Bmjvg
‡kL gywRe I ¯^vaxbZv msMÖvg ‡gRi iwdKzj Bmjvg
hvwcZ Rxeb ‡mwjbv †nv‡mb
GKvˇii hxï kvnwiqvi Kwei
GKvˇii iYv½b kvgmyj û`v †PŠayix
GKvˇii AwMœKb¨v Zzlvi Avãyjøvn
GKvˇii MYnZ¨v ewki Avj †njvj
GKvˇii wPwV (cÎ msKjb) msKj‡b MÖvgxY‡dvb I cÖ_gAv‡jv
‡divix Wv‡qix AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv`
‡Rj †_‡K †jLv m‡Z¨b †mb
‡RvQbv I Rbbxi Mí, wbe©vmb, 1971 ûgvqyb Avn‡g`
`v †iBc Ae evsjv‡`k A¨vš’wb gvmKv‡ibnvm
wjMvwm Ae eøvW (evsjv‡`k i‡³i FY) A¨vš’wb gvmKv‡ibnvm
`ve`vn gvngy`yjøvn
Page 53 of 80
 evsjv‡`k I e½eÜz †gvbv‡qg miKvi
evsjv‡`k Avgvi evsjv‡`k iv‡g›`ª gRyg`vi
eKzj cy‡ii ¯^vaxbZv ggZvRD``xb Avn‡g`
hy× R‡qi Mí iex›`ª †Mvc
`¨ ‡Uw÷gwb Ae wm·wU (GKvˇii msKjb) cÖKvkK A·dvg
hy‡M hy‡M evsjv‡`k ‡Zvdv‡qj Avn‡g`
hy× R‡qi Mí wecÖ`vk eo–qv
G †Mv‡ìb GR Zvnwgbv Avbvg
Rbbx mvnwmbx-1971 Avwbmyj nK
MYnZ¨v I MYKei †gv¯Ídv †nv‡mBb
cvwK¯Ívwb †Rbv‡i‡ji gb W. gybZvwmi gvgyb
GKvˇii ¯§„wZgq w`b¸wj Aa¨vwcKv †nvm‡b Aviv AvRv`

Kve¨ I Kv‡e¨i cÖavb PwiÎ

Kwe Kve¨ Kv‡e¨i cÖK…wZ cÖavb PwiÎ
eo– PÐx`vm kÖxK…òKxZ©b cuvPvjx Kve¨ eovB, ivav, K…ò
gyKz›`ivg PµeZx© PÛxgÛj g½jKve¨ dzjøiv, fvo–`Ë, gyivix
kxj
‡`ŠjZ KvRx mZxgqbv I ‡ivgvw›UK Kve¨ gqbvgwZ, ivRv †jvi,
†jviP›`ªvbx P›`ªvbx
fviZP›`ª Abœ`vg½j g½jKve¨ Ck^ix cvUbx,
nxivgvwjbx,
we`¨v I my›`i
AvjvIj cÙveZx ‡ivgvw›UK cÙveZx, iZœ‡mb
Kve¨
bvivqY †` cÙcyivY g½jKve¨ Puv` mI`vMi, gbmv,
jwL›`i
gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë ‡gNbv`ea Kve¨ gnvKve¨ ‡gNbv`, exievû,
wPÎv½`v,
iveY, mxZv, j²Y, ivg,
wefxlY|
bvUK I bvU‡Ki cÖavb PwiÎ
bvU¨Kvi bvUK PwiÎ
Ck^iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi kKzšj Í v kKzšjÍ v
`xbeÜz wgÎ bxj`c©Y ‡Zvivc, bexb gvae, Av`yix
gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë K…òKzgvix K…òKzgvix, fxg wms, wejvmeZx, Zcw¯^bx
APjvqZb cÂK
WvKNi Agj, myav, gvae `Ë, VvKzi`v
i³Keix bw›`bx, iÄb
M„‡n cÖ‡ek hZxb, gwY
wPÎv½`v (Kve¨bvU¨) wPÎv½`v, AR©yb
iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi we`vq Awfkvc (Kve¨bvU¨) ‡`ehvbx, KP
mZx (Kve¨bvU¨) AvgvevC
wemR©b (Kve¨bvU¨) AcY©v, Rqwmsn, iNycwZ, †Mvwe›` gvwYK¨
gvwjbx (Kve¨bvU¨) †ÿvgsKi, gvwjbx
gybxi †PŠayix i³v³ cÖvšÍi ‡Rvniv, Rwibv, wniY evjv, Beªvnxg Kvw`©
KvjxcÖmbœ wmsn û‡Zvg cu¨vPvi bKkv (cÖnmb) `byevey
Ag„Zjvj emy weevn weåvU (cÖnmb) b›`bvj, Kvi digvi|
Dcb¨vm
Jcb¨vwmK Dcb¨vm
c¨vixPuv` wgÎ Avjv‡ji N‡ii `yjvj
‡Pv‡Li evwj
Page 54 of 80
 ‡Mviv
‡k‡li KweZv
iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi PZzi½
N‡i-evB‡i
‡hvMv‡hvM
`yB †evb
gvjÂ
`y‡M©kbw›`bx
P›`ª‡kLi
ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq iRbx
wele„ÿ
K…òKv‡šÍi DBj
cwiYxZv
cjøx mgvR
‡`bv-cvIbv
kirP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq `Ëv
kÖxKvšÍ
PwiÎnxb
M„n`vn
‡k‡li cwiPq
Kwe
ivBKgj
Zvivk¼i e‡›`¨vcva¨vq avÎx‡`eZv
nvmywj euv‡Ki DcK_v
ejvBPuv` gy‡Lvcva¨vq Rvg
K¨vbfvmvi
‡gvRv‡¤§j nK ‡Rvniv
bwRei ingvb Av‡bvqviv
KvRx Bg`v`yj nK Ave`yjøvn
gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq cÙvb`xi gvwS
RivmÜ ‡jŠnKcvU
wegj Ki wÎc`x
Mí
MíKvi Mí
QzwU
KveywjIqvjv
‡LvKveveyi cÖZ¨veZ©b
‡cv÷gv÷vi
mgvwß
bóbxo
kvw¯Í
cqjv b¤^i
j¨ve‡iUwi
‰ngšÍx
iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi ga¨ewZ©bx
nvj`vi †Mvôx
GKivwÎ
bv-gÄyi
AwZw_
RxweZ I g„Z
‡gN I †iŠ`ª
‡evógx
Page 55 of 80
 AcwiwPZv
w`w`
Avc`
cÖfvZKzgvi gy‡Lvcva¨vq dz‡ji g~j¨
‰kjRvb›` gy‡Lvcva¨vq aŸsm c‡_i hvÎx
AiÿYxqv
iv‡gi mygwZ
‡gRw`w`
kirP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq AfvMxi ¯^M©
g‡nk
cwÐZ gkvB
Zvivk¼i e‡›`¨vcva¨vq ZvwiYx gvwS
gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq cÖv‰MwZnvwmK
KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg cvk-‡dj
wkDwjgvjv
eyׇ`e emy Avgiv wZbR‡b
my‡eva ‡Nvl RZzM„n
kvgmy``xb Aveyj Kvjvg c_ Rvbv †bB
‰mq` IqvjxDjøvn bqbPviv
nvmvb AvwRRyj nK AvZ¥Rv I GKwU Keix MvQ
iPbv
iPbvi bvg ‡jL‡Ki bvg
Akwb ms‡KZ wef~wZf~lY e‡›`¨vcva¨vq
AwMœ-exYv KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg
Ae¨³ RM`xkP›`ª emy
Avb›`gV ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq
AviY¨K wef~wZf~lY e‡›`¨vcva¨vq
AvKvj myKvšÍ fÆvPvh©
Avgvi ‡Q‡j‡ejv eyׇ`e emy
Av¸‡bi cikgwY, k¨vgj Qvqv ûgvq~b Avn‡g`
BQvgZx wef~wZf~lY e‡›`¨vcva¨vq
Dcgnv‡`k Avj gvngy`
GK gy‡Vv Awgq PµeZx©
GKvˇii w`b¸wj Rvnvbviv Bgvg
GKz‡k †deªæqvwi nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb
Kuv‡`v b`x Kuv‡`v ˆmq` IqvjxDjøvn
Kwe Zvivk¼i e‡›`¨vcva¨vq
KY©dzjx AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv`
Kwo I †Kvgj iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi
K¼veZx eyׇ`e emy
K…òKzgvix gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë
Kei gybxi †PŠayix
ÿzwaZ cvlvY, K¼vj, wbkx‡_, gwbnvi, RxweZ I g„Z, ¸ßab iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi
‡Mviv iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi
N‡i-evB‡i iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi
Puv‡`i Agvem¨v ‰mq` IqvjxDjøvn
wP‡j‡KvVvi wmcvB AvLZviæ¾vgvb Bwjqvm
‡Pv‡Li ewj iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi
QzwU, ˆngšÍx, w`w`, †cv÷ gv÷vi, Kg©dj,KveywjIqvjv, e¨eavb, †`bv-cvIbv, cYiÿv, †gNI †iŠ`ª iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi
Rjv½x kIKZ Imgvb
‡h †`‡k gvbyl eo, P‡j gymvwdi RmxgD`&`xb
‡`ehvb wef~wZf~lY e‡›`¨vcva¨vq
Page 56 of 80
 ‡`e`vm kirP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq
`wÿ‡Yi Rvbvjv nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb
‡`vjb Puvcv KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg
bxj`c©Y `xbeÜz wgÎ
bi‡K jvj †Mvjvc AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv`
bUxi c~Rv, k¨vgv, wPÎv½`v iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi
wbišÍi N›UvaŸwb ‡mwjbv †nv‡mb
wbwl× ‡jvevb ‰mq` kvgmyj nK
c‡_i cuvPvjx wef~wZf~lY e‡›`¨vcva¨vq
cÙvb`xi gvwS gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq
cv‡qi AvIqvR cvIqv hvq ‰mq` kvgmyj nK
cÖdzjø wMwikP›`ª †Nvl
c‡_ I cÖev‡m Abœ`vk¼i ivq
‡cÖg †hLv‡b me©¯^ ‰mq` Avjx Avnmvb
welv` wmÜz gxi gkviid †nv‡mb
‡eŠ VvKzivbxi nvU iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi
wele„ÿ ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq
e›`x wkwei †_‡K kvgmyi ivngvb
we‡li euvkx KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg
ebjZv †mb Rxebvb›` `vk
exiv½bv gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë
‰eKz‡Úi LvZv, †kliÿv, wPiKzgvi mfv iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi
ewncxi, myo½, Zi½f½ ‰mq` IqvjxDjøvn
g„Zz¨ÿzav KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg
gnvk¥kvb Kvq‡Kvev`
‡gNbvea Kve¨ gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë
‡gevicZb, mvRvnvb, b~iRvnvb w؇R›`ªjvj ivq
i³Keix iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi
ivLvjx RmxgD`&`xb
ivw·kl Avnmvb nvexe
ivRv, WvKNi, i³Keix iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi
jvjmvjy ‰mq` IqvjxDjøvn
‡jvKinm¨, KgjvKv‡šÍi `ßi ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq
‡k‡li KweZv iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi
kÖxKvšÍ kirP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq
wkDwjgvjv KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg
mskßK knx`yjøv Kvqmvi
m~h©`xNj evox Avey BmnvK
mvZ mvM‡ii gvwS diiæL Avng`
mvi`vg½j wenvixjvj PµeZx©
wmÜz-wn‡›`vj KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg
nvRvi eQi a‡i Rwni ivqnvb
Let there be Light Rwni ivqnvb

evsjv Mvbmg~n
Mvb K_v myi
Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi
evsjvi gvwU evsjvi Rj iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi
I Avgvi †`‡ki gvwU iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi
AvwR evsjv‡`‡ki ü`q n‡Z iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi
mv_©K Rbg Avgvi iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi
`yM©g wMwi KvšÍvi KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg
Page 57 of 80
 Avwg hy‡M hy‡M AvwmqvwQ KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg AwRZ ivq
GB wkKj civ Qj KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg
gv‡Mv fvebv †Kb ‡MŠixcÖmbœ gRyg`vi ‡ngšÍ gy‡Lvcva¨vq
evsjvi wn›`y evsjvi †eŠ× ‡MŠixcÖmbœ gRyg`vi mgi `vm
i‡³i cÖwZ‡kva i‡³ †be Avgiv Av‡cj gvngy` Av‡cj gvngy`
Zxi nviv GB †XD‡qi mvMi ‡Mvwe›` nvj`vi Av‡cj gvngy`
‡bv½i †Zvj †Zvj mgq bqxg Mni mgi `vm
‡mvbv †mvbv †mvbv †jv‡K e‡j Ave`yj jwZd Ave`yj jwZd
Avgiv c~‡e© cwð‡g knx`yjøv Kvqmvi AvjZvd gvngy`
RbZvi msMÖvg Pj‡eB wmKvb`vi Avey Rvdi ‡kL jyrdi ingvb
i³ wkgyj Zß cjvk AÁvZ ‡kL jyrdi ingvb
gv‡Mv †Zvgvi †mvbv gvwbK ivnvZ Lvb my‡L›`y PµeZx©
RbZvi gyL¸wj ivnvZ Lvb my‡L›`y PµeZx©
cZvKv Avgvi gv‡qi gy‡Li gZ KvRx †ivRx gBbyj Bmjvg Lvb
I‡i welg `Bivi †XD mvab ¸n mvab ¸n
weRq wbkvb Do‡Q IB knx`yj Bmjvg my‡Rq k¨vg
Av¸b wbfvBe †K †i m‡Z¨b †mb ‡kL jyrdi ingvb
j½i Qvwoqv bvI‡qi †` ‡ngv½ wek^vm ‡ngv½ wek^vm
I Avgvi evsjv gv †Zvi Aveyj Igivn †gvt dLiæwÏb AvjvDwÏb Avjx
wePvicwZ †Zvgvi wePvi Ki‡e mwjj †PŠayix mwjj †PŠayix
Pvlv‡`i gy‡U‡`i gRy‡ii Avjx gnwmb †iLv i_x›`ªbv_ ivq
I‡i gvwS †bŠKv †Q‡o †` knx` mv‡ei ‡kL jyrdi ingvb
cÖwZw`b †Zvgvq †`wL m~h©iv‡M gwbiæ¾vgvb gwbi ‡`ey fÆvPvh©¨
Iiv Avgv‡`i Mvb MvB‡Z †`q bv bvwRg wnKgZ Kgj miKvi
Rq evsjv evsjvi Rq MvRx gvRnviæj Av‡bvqvi Av‡bvqvi cvi‡fR
Av‡M Kx my›`i w`b KvUvBZvg kvn Ave`yj Kwig kvn Ave`yj Kwig
‡Kg‡b fzwje Avwg euvwP bv Zv‡i Qvov kvn Ave`yj Kwig kvn Ave`yj Kwig
Mvwo P‡j bv, P‡j bv, P‡j bv †i kvn Ave`yj Kwig kvn Ave`yj Kwig
e‡Ü gvqv jvMvB‡Q wcwiwZ wkLvB‡Q kvn Ave`yj Kwig kvn Ave`yj Kwig
Avwm e‡j †Mj eÜz AvBj bv kvn Ave`yj Kwig kvn Ave`yj Kwig
emšÍ evZv‡m mB †Mv emšÍ evZv‡m kvn Ave`yj Kwig kvn Ave`yj Kwig
Avgvi eÜzqv wen‡b †Mv m‡q bv civ‡b †Mv kvn Ave`yj Kwig kvn Ave`yj Kwig
G‡Kjv N‡i _vK‡Z cvwi bv
AvBjv bv AvBjv bv‡i eÜz kvn Ave`yj Kwig kvn Ave`yj Kwig
i‡Oi `ywbqv †Zv‡i Pvq bv kvn Ave`yj Kwig kvn Ave`yj Kwig
Dcvwa I QÙbvg
cÖK…Z bvg Dcvwa QÙbvg
AbšÍ eo– - eo– PÐx`vm
Abyiƒcv †`ex - Abycgv †`ex
Abœ`vksKi ivq - jxjvgq ivq
Awn`yi †iRv giwg Kwe nvmb ivRv
AwPšÍ¨Kzgvi †mb¸ß - bxnvwiKv †`ex
Avey bCg †gvnv¤§` knx`yjøvn - knx`yjøv Kvqmvi
Aveyj dRj - kg‡mi Dj AvRv`
Aveyj †nv‡mb wgqv - Aveyj nvmvb
Ave`yj gvbœvb ˆmq` - A‡kvK ˆmq`
Avãyj Kwig mvwnZ¨wekvi` -
Avãyj Kvw`i Qv›`wmK Kwe -
AvjvIj Kwe¸iæ, gnvKwe -
Ck^iP›`ª ¸ß hyMmwÜÿ‡Yi Kwe -
Ck^iP›`ª kg©v we`¨vmvMi, M‡`¨i RbK Km¨wPr Dchy³ fvB‡cv
KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg we‡`ªvnx Kwe Knjb wgkÖ, iƒcKvi, ebeyjeyj, a~g‡KZz
Page 58 of 80
 KvjxcÖmbœ wmsn - û‡Zvg †cuPv
RmxgD`&`xb cjøxKwe RgxiDÏxb †gvjøv
Rxebvb›` `vk iƒcmx evsjvi Kwe, wZwgi nb‡bi Kwe -
Rvnvbviv Bgvg knx` Rbbx -
W. gwbiæ¾vgvb - nvqvr gvgy`
W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn fvlvweÁvbx -
cÖg_ †PŠayix - exiej
diiæL Avng` gymwjg †i‡bmuvi Kwe -
wenvixjvj PµeZx© ‡fv‡ii cvwL -
ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq mvwnZ¨m¤ªvU KgjvKvšÍ
ejvBPuv` gy‡Lvcva¨vq - ebdzj
weòz †` gvK©mev`x Kwe -
‡eMg †iv‡Kqv gymwjg bvixRvMi‡Yi AMÖ`~Z -
fviZP›`ª ivq¸YvKi -
gyKz›`ivg PµeZx© KweK¼Y -
gxi gkviid †nv‡mb - MvRx wgqv; D`vmxb cw_K
gaym~`b `Ë gvB‡Kj G †bwUf
hZx›`ªbv_ evMwP `ytLev‡`i Kwe -
iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi wek^Kwe fvbywmsn
kvgmyi ivngvb bvMwiK Kwe
kirP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq Aciv‡Rq K_vwkíx Awbjv †`ex
mywdqv Kvgvj ‡kÖô gwnjv Kwe, Rbbx mvnwmKv
‰mq` gyRZev Avjx wcÖq`kx©; Igi ˆLqvg; gymvwdi; mZ¨cxi
m‡Z¨v›`ªbv_ `Ë Q‡›`i hv`yKi
mg‡ik emy KvjK~U
mybxj M‡½vcva¨vq - bxj‡jvwnZ, mbvZb cvVK
myKvšÍ fÆvPvh© wK‡kvi Kwe -
myfvl gy‡Lvcva¨vq c`vwZ‡Ki Kwe -
nwibv_ gRyg`vi - KvOvj nwibv_
Kwe-mvwnwZ¨K‡`i Rb¥ I g„Zz¨
bvg Rb¥¯’vb Rb¥ g„Zz¨
kvn gyn¤§` mMxi PÆMÖvg 14 kZK 15 kZK
(AvbygvwbK) (AvbygvwbK)
‡`ŠjZ DwRi d‡Znvev`, PÆMÖvg ‡lvok kZvãx -
evnivg Lvb
AvjvIj ‡Rveiv, PÆMÖvg; 1607 1680
gZvšÍ‡i
d‡Zqvev`,
dwi`cyi
Ck^iP›`ª ‡gw`bxcyi, 1820 1891
we`¨vmvMi KjKvZv
gvB‡Kj gaym~`b mvMi`uvwo, h‡kvi 1824 1873
`Ë
`xbeÜz wgÎ ‡PŠ‡evwoqv MÖvg, 1830 1873
b`xqv
wenvixjvj wbgZjv, KjKvZv 1835 1894
PµeZx©
ew¼gP›`ª KuvVvjcvov, 1838 1894
P‡Ævcva¨vq cwðge½
gxi gkviid jvwnbxcvov, 1847 1911
‡nv‡mb Kzwóqv
Kvq‡Kvev` beveMÄ, XvKv 1857 1951
Page 59 of 80
iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi KjKvZv 7 †g 1861; 25 7 AvM÷ 1941;
ˆekvL 1268 22 kÖveY 1348
w؇R›`ªjvj ivq K…òbMi, b`xqv 1863 1913
kirP›`ª ‡`evb›`cyi, ûMwj 1876 1938
P‡Ævcva¨vq
‡eMg †iv‡Kqv cvqive›`, iscyi 1880 1932
W. gyn¤§` PweŸk ciMbv, 1885 1969
knx`yjøvn cwðge½
wef~wZf~lY gyivwicyi, PweŸk 1894 1950
e‡›`¨vcva¨vq ciMbv
‡Mvjvg †gv¯Ídv g‡bvnicyi MÖvg, 1897 1964
ˆkjKzcv,
wSbvB`n
Zvivk¼i jvfcyi MÖvg, 1898 1971
e‡›`¨vcva¨vq exif~g
KvRx bRiæj Pziæwjqv, cwðge½ 24 †g 1899; 11 29 AvM÷
Bmjvg ‰R¨ô 1306 1976; 12 fv`ª
1383
Rxebvb›` `vk ewikvj (Avw` 1899 1954
wbevm MvIcvov,
weµgcyi)
Awgq PµeZx© kÖxivgcyi, 1901 1987
cwðge½
RmxgD`&`xb Zv¤^yjLvbv, 1903 1976
dwi`cyi
Aveyj dRj mvZKvwbqv, 1903 1983
PÆMÖvg
gvwbK `ygKv, wenvi 1908 1956
e‡›`¨vcva¨vq
eyׇ`e emy Kzwgjøv 1908 1974
weòz †` KjKvZv 1909 1982
mywdqv Kvgvj kv‡q¯Ívev`, 1911 1999
ewikvj
Avnmvb nvexe k¼icvkv MÖvg, 1917 1985
wc‡ivRcyi
diiæL Avng` gvSAvBj MÖvg, 1918 1974
h‡kvi
‰mq` ‡lvjkni, PÆMÖvg 1922 1971
IqvjxDjøvn
gybxi †PŠayix gvwbKMÄ, ‰cZ…K 1925 1971
wbevm †bvqvLvjx
myKvšÍ fÆvPvh© KvjxNvU, KjKvZv 1926 1947
knx`yjøv Kvqmvi gRycyi, †dbx 1927 1971
kvgmyi ivngbv gvûZUzwj, XvKv 1929 2006
Rwni ivqnvb gRycyi, †dbx 1935 1972 (wb‡LuvR
30 Rvby. 1972)
Avj gvngy` ‡gŠovBj, 1936 -
eªvþYevwoqv
AvLZviæ¾vgvb ‡MvwUqv, MvBevÜv 1943 1997
Bwjqvm
ûgvqyb AvRv` ivwoLvj, 1947 2004
weµgcyi, gywÝMÄ
ûgvq~b Avn‡g` KzZzecyi, 1948 2012
Page 60 of 80
 †b·Kvbv
iæ`ª gyn¤§` ewikvj 1956 1991
knx`yjøvn
iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi (1861-1941)
Rb¥ 7 †g 1861 (25 ˆekvL 1268) KjKvZvi †Rvovmuv‡Kvi VvKzi cwiev‡i| †Rvovmuv‡Kvi VvKzi cwiev‡ii Avmj
c`we wQj ÔKzkixÕ| cvwievwiKfv‡e Zviv Rwg`vi wQ‡jb|
wcZv-gvZv gnwl© †`‡e›`ªbv_ VvKzi Ges mvi`v †`ex|
wcZvgn-wcZvgnx wcÖÝ ØivKvbv_ VvKzi I w`M¤^ix †`ex|
Rb¥µg wZwb evev-gvi PZz`©kZg mšÍvb Ges Aóg cyÎ| iex›`ªbv‡_iv c‡b‡iv fvB‡evb wQ‡jb|
wkÿvi nv‡ZLwo wewfbœ wkÿK‡`i ZË¡veav‡b ¯^M„‡n cÖv_wgK wkÿvi nv‡ZLwo|
¯‹zjmg~n Iwi‡q›Uvj †mwgbvwi, bg©vj ¯‹zj, †e½j GKv‡Wgx ¯‹zj Ges †m›U †Rwfqvm© ¯‹zj|
ag© iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii wcZvgn cxivwj eªvþY es‡ki n‡jI Zvi cyÎ A_©vr iex›`ªbv‡_i wcZv †`‡e›`ªbv_ VvKzi ivRv
ivg‡gvnb ivq cÖewZ©Z eªvþa‡g© `xÿv MÖnY K‡ib| iex›`ªbv_I G aviv AbymiY K‡ib
we‡jZhvÎv 1878 mv‡j †gRfvB m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii m‡½ Bsj¨vÛ Mgb|
Bs‡iwR mvwnZ¨ 1878 mv‡j jÛ‡bi BDwbfvwm©wU K‡j‡Ri Aa¨vcK †nbwi gvwj©i Kv‡Q gvm wZ‡bK Bs‡iwR mvwnZ¨ Aa¨qb
Aa¨qb K‡ib|
¯^‡`k cÖZ¨veZ©b ‡`o eQi ci wcZvi wb‡`©‡k wkÿv Am¤úbœ †i‡L ¯^‡`‡k wd‡i Av‡mb (1880)|
cybivq we‡jZ hvÎv wØZxqevi Bsj¨vÛ hvÎv K‡ib e¨vwi÷vwi covi D‡Ï‡k¨ (1881)| wKš‘ wkÿv mgvß K‡ibwb|
weevn Lyjbvi `wÿYwWwn MÖv‡gi †g‡q feZvwiYx †`exi mv‡_ 1883 mv‡ji 9 wW‡m¤^i weevn e܇b Ave× nb| c‡i
k^ïievwo‡Z feZvwiYxi bvg e`‡j ivLv nq g„Yvwjbx †`ex|
QÙbvg iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi bqwU QÙbvg e¨envi K‡i‡Qb| G¸‡jv n‡jv: fvbywmsn VvKzi; AKcUP›`ª fv¯‹i; AvbœvKvjx
cvKovkx; w`Kk~b¨ fÆvPvh©; bexb wK‡kvi kg©b; lôxPiY †`ekg©v; evbxwe‡bv` we`¨vwe‡bv`; kÖxgwZ Kwbôv;
kÖxgwZ ga¨gv|
‰PwbK bvg iex›`ªbv‡_i ˆPwbK bvg ÔPz †Zb ZvbÕ|
eªvþ mgv‡Ri `vwqZ¡ 1884 mvj †_‡K Avw` eªvþ mgv‡Ri `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡ib|
gvwmK evjK-Gi 1885 mv‡j m‡Z¨›`ªbv‡_i ¯¿x Ávb`vbw›`bx †`exi m¤úv`bvq ÔgvwmK evjKÕ cwÎKvq wbqwgZ †jLv‡jwL
wbqwgZ †jLK K‡ib|
e½xq mvwnZ¨ 1894 mv‡j e½xq mvwnZ¨ cwil` cÖwZwôZ n‡j bexbP›`ª †m‡bi m‡½ wZwbI mn-mfvcwZ g‡bvbxZ nb|
cwil`
fviZx cwÎKv wZwb GK eQ‡ii Rb¨ fviZx cwÎKv m¤úv`bv K‡ib|
m¤úv`bv
Kzwóqvi wkjvB`‡n 1898 mv‡j Kwe KjKvZvi ˆcZ…K feb †Q‡o mcwiev‡i Kzwóqvi wkjvB`‡n P‡j Av‡mb|
¯^v¯’¨welqK Dw³ mgMÖ kixi‡K ewÂZ K‡i †Kej gy‡L i³ Rg‡j Zv‡K ¯^v¯’¨ ejv hvq bv|
kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡b 1901 ‡_‡K exif~g †Rjvi †evjcyi MÖv‡gi cÖvšÍ‡`‡k ÔkvwšÍwb‡KZbÕ G cvKvcvwKfv‡e emevm ïiæ K‡ib|
emevm
wek^fviZx 1901 mv‡j †evjcy‡ii kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡b eªþPh©vkÖg bvgK we`¨vcxV cÖwZôv K‡ib, hv 1921 mv‡j Ôwek^fviZxÕ
wek^we`¨vjq wek^we`¨vj‡q cwiYZ nq|
e½f‡½i we‡ivwaZv 1905 mv‡j e½f‡½i †cÖwÿ‡Z iex›`ªbv_ Ôevsjvi gvwU evsjvi RjÕ MvbwU iPbv K‡ib|
msea©bv 1912 mv‡j Zvi cÂvk el©c~wZ Dcj‡ÿ e½xq mvwnZ¨ cwil‡`i D‡`¨v‡M Kwe‡K 1912 mv‡ji 28 Rvbyqvwi
msea©bv cÖ`vb Kiv nq|
ÿz`ªFY I MÖvg iex›`ªbv_ cÖ_g ev½vwj, whwb cÖ_g MÖvgxY ÿz`ªFY I MÖvg Dbœqb cÖKí cÖwZôv K‡ib| wZwb cyÎ i_x›`ªbv_
Dbœqb cÖKí VvKzi‡K Av‡gwiKvi Avievbxq Bwjqvb wek^we`¨vj‡q cvVvb K…wl I cïcvjb we`¨vq cÖwkÿY I D”P wkÿv MÖnY
Ki‡Z|
MxZvÄwj Abyev` I 1912 mv‡ji †g gv‡m cyÎ I cyÎeaymn Bsj¨vÛ Mgb| cw_g‡a¨ Rvnv‡R ÔMxZvÄwjÕ Kve¨ I Ab¨vb¨ Kve¨
Bsj¨vÛ Mgb †_‡K wKQz KweZv Bs‡iwR‡Z Abyev` K‡i ÔSong Offerings’ bv‡g MÖš’ cÖKvk, hvi f~wgKv †j‡Lb Bs‡iR
Kwe WB Yeats|
†bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi jvf 1913 mv‡j iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi ÔSong Offerings’ MÖ‡š’i Rb¨ †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi cvb| wZwb ïay †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi
cvIqv cÖ_g fviZxq bq, Gkxq wn‡m‡eI wZwbB G cyi¯‹vi cvIqv cÖ_g e¨w³Z¡| Bs‡iwR MxwZvÄwj‡Z †gvU
157wU KweZv I Mvb i‡q‡Q|
iex›`ªbv‡_i M`¨ 1914 mv‡ji †g gv‡m cÖg_ †PŠayix m¤úvw`Z ÔgvwmK meyRcÎÕ cÖKv‡ki ci †_‡K iex›`ªbv‡_i M`¨ iPbv‰kjx
iPbvi wfbœ †gvo wfbœ †gvo †bq|
bvBUûo Dcvwa 1915 mv‡j ZrKvjxb fviZ miKvi Zv‡K Ôm¨viÕ ev ÔbvBUûoÕ Dcvwa cÖ`vb K‡ib| 1919 mv‡j

Page 61 of 80
 Z¨vM RvwjqvbIqvjvev‡Mi nZ¨vKv‡Ði cÖwZev‡` ÔbvBUûoÕ Dcvwa Z¨vM K‡ib|
wek^fviZx cwil` wek^fviZx cwil` MVb I msweavb cÖYq‡bi e¨e¯’v Kivi gva¨‡g 1921 Gi 23 wW‡m¤^i AvbyôvwbKfv‡e
cÖwZôvb‡K me©mvavi‡bi nv‡Z Zz‡j †`b|
AvBb÷vBb I 1930 mv‡j Rvg©vwb‡Z AvBb÷vB‡bi mv‡_ mvÿvZ nq| mvÿv‡Z wZwb gvbyl, `k©b I weÁvb wb‡q Av‡jvPbv
iex›`ªbv_ K‡ib|
RvZxq m½x‡Zi iex›`ªbv_ we‡k^i GKgvÎ e¨w³Z¡, whwb `ywU †`‡ki RvZxq m½x‡Zi iPwqZv| evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq m½xZ ÔAvgvi
iPwqZv †mvbvi evsjvÕ (myiKvi iex›`ªbv_ ¯^qs) Ges fvi‡Zi RvZxq m½xZ ÔRbMYgb AwabvqK Rq †n,
fviZevM¨weavZvÕ|
ivwL Drme wn›`y-gymjgvb wgj‡bi Rb¨ wZwb ivwL Drm‡ei cÖPjb K‡ib|
c`vejx iPbv fvbywmsn VvKz‡ii c`vejx eªReywj fvlvq iwPZ|
‡kÖô evOvwji wewewmi evsjv wefvM cwiPvwjZ Rwi‡c (2004) me©Kv‡ji †kÖô evOvwji ZvwjKvq iex›`ªbv‡_i ¯’vb wØZxq
ZvwjKvq ¯’vb
Bwiwm‡cjv‡mi 1937 Gi 10 †m‡Þ¤^i Bwiwm‡cjvm (Erysipelas) e¨vK‡Uwiqvi Avµg‡Y nVvr AÁvb n‡q c‡ob|
AvµgY
Acv‡ikb 1941 mv‡ji 30 RyjvB ZrKvjxb †kÖô Wv³vi‡`i Dcw¯’wZ‡Z cuwPk wgwb‡Ui GKwU †QvU Acv‡ikb Kiv nq,
hvi bvg ÔmycÖv wcDweK wm‡÷v÷wgÕ|
g„Zz¨ 7 AvM÷ 1941 (22 kÖveY 1348) †Rvovmuv‡Kvi evwo‡Z iex›`ªbv_ †kl wbtkvm Z¨vM K‡ib|
m¤úvw`Z cwÎKv
cwÎKvi bvg mvj cwÎKvi bvg mvj
mvab 1894 fviZx 1898
e½`k©b 1901 fvÐvi 1905
ZË¡‡evabx 1911
‡`kågY
‡`kågY mvj ‡`kågY mvj
Rvcvb I hy³ivóª 1916 KvbvWv 1929
Pxb I †ciæ 1924 ivwkqv I Rvg©vwb 1930
BD‡ivc 1926 Bivb I BivK 1932
`wÿY c~e© Gwkqv 1927 wmsnj (kÖxjsKv) 1934
W±‡iU wWwMÖ jvf
cÖwZôvb mvj cÖwZôvb mvj
KjKvZv wek^we`¨vjq 1913 XvKv wek^we`¨vjq 1936
Kvkx wek^we`¨vjq 1935 A·‡dvW© wek^we`¨vjq 1940
iex›`ªbv_ KZ…©K wewfbœ e¨w³Z¡‡K DrmMx©K…Z MÖš’
bvg MÖš’ cÖKvkKvj aib
KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg emšÍ 1923 MxwZbvU¨
Av‡R©w›Ubvi Kwe wf‡±vwiqv IKv‡¤úv c~iex 1925 Kve¨MÖš’
weÁvbx RM`xkP›`ª emy ‡Lqv 1906 Kve¨MÖš’
myax›`ªbv_ `Ë AvKvk cÖ`xc 1939 Kve¨MÖš’
kirP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq Kv‡ji hvÎv 1932 bvUK
‡bZvwR myfvlP›`ª emy Zv‡mi †`k 1933 bvUK
‡R¨ô fwMœ †mŠ`vwgbx †`ex ‡eŠVvKzivbxi 1883 Dcb¨vm
nvU
wewkó e¨w³ KZ…©K iex›`ªbv_‡K f~wlZ Dcvwa
Dcvwa f~wlZ K‡ib Dcvwa f~wlZ K‡ib
¸iæ‡`e gnvZ¥ MvÜx wek^Kwe eªvþevÜe Dcva¨vq
Kwe¸iæ wÿwZ‡gvnb †mb fvi‡Zi gnvKwe Pxbv Kwe wP-wm-wjRb
wewkó e¨w³ m¤ú‡K© iex›`ªbv‡_i gšÍe¨/Dw³
Dw³ hvi D‡Ï‡k¨
ÔG‡bwQ‡j mv‡_ K‡i g„Zz¨nxb cÖvY wPËiÄb `vm
gi‡Y ZvB Zzwg K‡i †M‡j `vb|Õ
Avwg gy» n‡qwQ †Zvgvi KweZv ï‡b| Zzwg †h wek^ weL¨vZ KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg
Kwe n‡e Zv‡K †Kvb m‡›`n †bBÕ
Page 62 of 80
 ÔAvgv‡`i mvwnZ¨ RMr Pvq Avcbvi Abkb f½ †nvKÕ
Ôfvlvi cÖv½‡b Ze, Avwg Kwe †Zvgvwi AwZw_Õ Ck^iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi
iex›`ªbv‡_i D‡jøL‡hvM¨ e³…Zv I e³…Zvi wk‡ivbvg
e³…Zvi ¯’vb mvj e³…Zvi wk‡ivbvg
XvKv wek^we`¨vjq 10 †deªæqvwi The Meaning of Art
1926
XvKv wek^we`¨vjq 13 †deªæqvwi The Rule of the Giant
1926
fviZxq `k©b m‡¤§j‡b 1926 The Philosophy of our
People
A·‡dv‡W© g¨vb‡P÷vi 19 †g 1930 The Religious of Man
K‡jR
KvbvWvq 1929 The Philosophy of Leisure
iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii Kve¨MÖš’
Dcvwa f~wlZ K‡ib Dcvwa f~wlZ K‡ib
KweKvwnbx 1878 c~iex 1925
ebdzj 1880 ebevYx 1927
cÖfvZ m½xZ 1882 wPÎwewPÎ 1929
mܨvm½xZ 1882 gûqv 1929
Qwe I Mvb 1883 wewPwÎZv 1931
Kwo I †Kvgj 1886 cwi‡kl 1932
gvbmx 1890 cybð 1932
we`vq Awfkvc 1893 cÖnwmbx 1934
‡mvbvi Zix 1894 exw_Kv 1935
wPÎv 1896 ‡kl mßK 1935
Kvwnbx 1899 cÎcyU 1936
KwYKv 1899 LvcQvov 1936
ÿwYKv 1900 k¨vgjx 1936
Kíbv 1900 Qovi Qwe 1937
‰b‡e`¨ 1901 AvKvk cÖ`xc 1938
¯§iY 1902 cÖvwšÍK 1938
DrmM© 1903 ‡mRuywZ 1938
wkï 1903 beRvZK 1940
‡Lqv 1906 ‡ivMkh¨vq 1940
mvgwqKcÎ 1907 mvbvB 1940
mgmvgwqKcÎ 1907 Av‡ivM¨ 1941
MxZvÄwj 1910 Qov 1941
MxZvwj 1914 Mímí 1941
MxwZgvj¨ 1914 ‡kl †jLv 1941
ejvKv 1916 Rb¥w`‡b 1941
cjvZKv 1918 ùzwj½ 1945
wkï †fvjvbv_ 1922 ‰PZvjx 1997
‡jLb 1923 K_v 1999
iex›`ªbv_ iwPZ cÖeÜ
bvg cÖKvwkZ nq
mgvR 1908
ag© 1909
fviZel© 1906
mvwnZ¨ 1907
mvwn‡Z¨i c‡_ 1936
mvwn‡Z¨i ¯^iƒc 1938
cÖvPxb mvwnZ¨ 1907
Page 63 of 80
 AvaywbK mvwnZ¨ 1907
‡jvKmvwnZ¨ 1907
kãZË¡ 1909
evsjv fvlv cwiPq 1938
Q›` 1936
wkÿv 1908
gvby‡li ag© 1933
wek^cwiPq 1937
Rxeb¯§„wZ 1912
‡Q‡j‡ejv 1940
AvZ¥cwiPq 1943
cÂf~‡Zi Wv‡qwi 1897
KvjvšÍi 1937
mf¨Zvi msKU 1941
wewea cÖm½ 1883
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ †QvUMí I PwiÎ
wfLvwibx, QzwU, KveywjIqvjv, †LvKveveyi cÖZ¨veZ©b, †cv÷gv÷vi, †gN I †iŠ`ª, †eógx, bóªbxo, kvw¯Í, cqjv b¤^i, j¨ve‡iUwi,
ga¨eZ©bx, nvj`vi †Mvôx, GKivwÎ, AcwiwPZv, w`w`, ˆngšÍx, mgvwß, bv-gÄyi, AwZw_, Avc`, RxweZ I g„Z
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ KweZv I Kve¨MÖš’
KweZvi bvg Kve¨MÖš’ KweZvi bvg Kve¨MÖš’
mey‡Ri Awfhvb ejvKv wiæ‡Ïk hvÎv ‡mvbviZix
1400 mvj wPÎv kvRvnvb ejvKv
b¨vq`Ð ‰b‡e`¨ e„ÿ e›`bv ebevYx
Avlvp ÿwYKv ‡Zvgvi m„wói c_ ‡kl †jLv
wbS©‡ii ¯^cœf½ cÖfvZ msMxZ e„wó c‡o Uvcyi-Uzcyi Kwo I †Kvgj
‡mvbvi Zix ‡mvbvi Zix `yB cvwL ‡mvbvi Zix
`yB weNv Rwg wPÎv wPÎv wPÎv
DrmM© ‰PZvwj ‡Lqv ‰PZvwj
cwiPq ‰PZvwj e½gvZv ‰PZvwj
KzUv

KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg (1899-1976)

Rb¥ 24 †g 1899 wLª÷vã (11 ‰R¨ô 1306 e½vã)
Rb¥¯’vb cwðg evsjvi ea©gvb †Rjvi Avmvb‡mvj gnKzgvi Pziæwjqv MÖv‡g|
bvg KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg| WvK bvg `yLy wgqv|
wcZvgn KvRx Avwgb Djøvn
wcZv KvRx dwKi Avng`| bRiæ‡ji wcZv wQ‡jb gmwR‡`i Bgvg Ges gvRv‡ii Lv‡`g| wZwb 1908 mv‡j g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib
gvZv Rv‡n`v LvZzb KvRx (KvRx dwKi Avng‡`i wØZxq ¯¿x)|
fvB‡evb wZb fvB I `yB †evb
bRiæ‡ji cÖvwZôvwbK wkÿv
mvj wkÿv cÖwZôvb DËxY© †kÖwY
1909 MÖv‡gi g³e wb¤œ gva¨wgK cixÿvq
1910 ivYxM‡Äi wmqvi‡mvj ivR ¯‹zj| Gici gv_iæb D”P Bs‡iwR ¯‹z‡j, hv cieZx©‡Z bexb P›`ª lô †kÖwY
Bbw÷wUDkb bv‡g cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i|
1914 gqgbwmsn †Rjvi wÎkv‡ji `wiivgcyi ¯‹z‡j| mßg †kÖwY
1915- ivYxM‡Äi wmqvi‡mvj ivR ¯‹z‡j Aóg-`kg †kÖwY
1917
wewfbœ Kg©‡ÿ‡Î †hvM`vb
mvj ¯’vb/cÖwZôvb
1908-1909 g³‡e wkÿKZv| GKB mv‡_ nvRx cv‡jvqv‡bi Ke‡ii †meK Ges gmwR‡`i gyqvw¾b (Avhvb`vZv)|
1909-1910 ‡j‡UvMv‡bi `‡j †hvM`vb| ZvrÿwYKfv‡e KweZv I Mvb iPbvi †KŠkj bRiæj †j‡Uv ev KweMv‡bi `‡j iß
K‡ib|
Page 64 of 80
 1911-1914 GKRb wLª÷vb †ijI‡q Mv‡W©i Lvbmvgv Ges me‡k‡l Avmvb‡mv‡ji Pv-iæwUi †`vKv‡b iæwU evbv‡bvi KvR †bb|
1917-1920 1917 mv‡ji †klw`‡K wZwb †mbvevwnbx‡Z †hvM †`b| 1920 mv‡ji gvP©-GwcÖj ch©šÍ cÖvq AvovB eQi bRiæ‡ji
mvgwiK Rxe‡bi cwiwa| GB mg‡q wZwb ˆmwbK †_‡K e¨v‡Uwjqb †KvqvU©vi gv÷vi nvwej`vi ch©šÍ n‡qwQ‡jb|
weevn I mšÍvb
cÖ_g 1921 mv‡j Kzwgjøvq ˆmq`v LvZzb Ii‡d bvwM©m †eM‡gi m‡½| Kwe Zvi m‡½ KL‡bv GK‡Î evm K‡ibwb| we‡qi
weevn AvMZ m¤úbœ nIqvi c‡i Kvwe‡b bRiæ‡ji NiRvgvB _vKvi kZ© wb‡q we‡iva euv‡a| bRiæj NiRvgvB _vK‡Z A¯^xKvi
K‡ib Ges evmi m¤úbœ nevi Av‡MB bvwM©m‡K †i‡L Kzwgjøv kn‡i weiRv my›`ixi evwo‡Z P‡j hvb|
wØZxq 1924 mv‡ji 24 GwcÖj Kzwgjøvi wMwievjv †`exi Kb¨v AvkvjZv †mb¸ßv (WvK bvg `ywj; weevn‡Ëvi bvg cÖgxjv)- Gi
weevn m‡½ KjKvZvq weevne܇b Ave× nb wg‡mm gvmygv ingv‡bi ZË¡veav‡b| cÖgxjv 1939 mv‡j cÿvNvZMÖ¯Í nb Ges
1962 mv‡j g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib|
mšÍvb 1926 mv‡j Zvi cÖ_g mšÍvb eyjeyj Rb¥ jvf K‡ib| gvÎ 4 eQi eq‡m 1930 mv‡j emšÍ †iv‡M gviv hvb| Ab¨ `yB
cvÎx KvRx me¨mvPx I KvRx Awbiæ×
QÙbvg Knjb wgkÖ, kÖx Kuv‡a evwo ejivg, mviw_, kÖx co–qv cv‡o, iƒcKvi, kÖgmy›`i, ebeyjeyj, cvB‡qvwbqvi|
m¤úvw`Z ‰`wbK behyM (1920; hyM¥ m¤úv`K), a~g‡KZz (1922), jv½j (1925)|
cwÎKv
Kvivevm cÖjqwkLv MÖš’wU iPbvi Rb¨ Kwei Qq gv‡mi Kviv`Û nq| a~g‡KZz 26 †m‡Þ¤^i 1922 msL¨vq bRiæ‡ji ivR‰bwZK
KweZv ÔAvb›`gqxi AvMg‡bÕ cÖKvk n‡j 8 b‡f¤^i cwÎKvi H msL¨v wbwl× Kiv nq Ges KweZv iPbvi Rb¨ weªwUk
miKvi KZ…K 1 eQi Kviv`‡Ð `wÐZ nb|
ivRe›`xi 1923 mv‡j bRiæj AvZ¥cÿ mg_©b K‡i wPd g¨vwR‡÷ª‡Ui Av`vj‡Z †h wjwLZ Revbew›` cÖ`vb K‡ib evsjv mvwn‡Z¨
Revbe›`x Zv ÔivRe›`xi Revbe›`xÕ bv‡g mvwn‡Z¨i gh©v`v †c‡q Avm‡Q|
iex›`ªbv_ bRiæj hLb Avwjgcyi †m›Uªvj †R‡j ew›` ZLb iex›`ªbv_ Zvi ÔemšÍÕ MxwZbvU¨ bRiæj‡K DrmM© K‡ib (22 Rvbyqvwi
KZ…K© 1923)| G‡Z DjøwmZ Kwe bRiæj †RjLvbvq e‡m †j‡Lb ÔAvR m„wó my‡Li Djøv‡mÕ KweZv|
bRiæj‡K
DrmM©
bRiæj KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg Zvi †kÖô Kve¨m„wó ÔmwÂZvÕ wek^Kwe iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi‡K DrmM© K‡ib| Zvi cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ
KZ…K© Kve¨MÖš’ ÔAwMœexYvÕ weªwUkwe‡ivax evOvwj evix›`ªKzgvi †Nvl‡K DrmM© K‡ib| ÔeuvabnvivÕ Dcb¨vm KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg
DrmM© DrmM© K‡iwQ‡jb mvsevw`K I mvwnwZ¨K bwjbxKvšÍ miKvi‡K|
iYm½x‡Zi wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki iYm½x‡Zi iPwqZv| GwU 1928 mv‡j XvKv gymwjg mvwnZ¨ mgv‡Ri gyLcÎ ÔwkLvÕ Gi wØZxq evwl©K
iPwqZv msL¨vq ÔbZz‡b MvbÕ wk‡ivbv‡g cÖKvwkZ| GwU Zuvi mܨv Kv‡e¨i AšÍM©Z| c‡i Gi bvg nq ÔPj& Pj& Pj&Õ|
bRiæ‡ji bRiæ‡ji †gvU wbwl× MÖš’ 5wU| MÖš’¸‡jv n‡”Q: we‡li euvkx, fvOvi Mvb, cÖjq, wkLv, P›`ªwe›`y, hyMevYx|
wbwl× MÖš’
Amy¯’ nb 1942 mv‡ji 10 A‡±vei wZwb ÔwcKm wWwRRÕ bvgK gw¯Í‡¯‹i e¨vwa‡Z AvµvšÍ nb| wKQzKvj ci ˆPZb¨ I evKkw³
†jvc cvIqvq Zvi mvwnZ¨mvabvi cwimgvwß N‡U|
evsjv‡`‡k 1972 mv‡ji 24 †g fviZ miKv‡ii AbygwZµ‡g KweK fviZ †_‡K evsjv‡`‡k ¯’vqxfv‡e Avbv nq Ges RvZxq Kwei
AvMgb gh©v`v †`qv nq|
bvMwiKZ¡ 1976 mv‡ji 18 †deªæqvwi Zv‡K bvMwiKZ¡ cÖ`vb Kiv nq|
cÖ`b
wewewmi wewewmi evsjv wefvM KZ…©K RwicK…Z (2004) me©Kv‡ji me©‡kÖô evOvwji ZvwjKvq bRiæ‡ji ¯’vb Z…Zxq|
Rwic
g„Zz¨ 1976 mv‡ji 29 AvM÷ (12 fv`ª, 1383 e½vã) XvKvq g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib| XvKv wek^we`¨vj‡qi †K›`ªxq gmwR` cÖv½‡Y
Zv‡K mgvwnZ Kiv nq|
bRiæjcÖvß c`Kmg~n
c`‡Ki bvg mvj cÖ`vbKvix KZ„©cÿ
RMËvwiYx ¯^Yc © `K 1945 KjKvZv wek^we`¨vjq
cÙf~lY 1960 fviZ miKvi
wW-wjU c`K 1969 iex›`ª-fviZx wek^we`¨vjq
wW-wjU c`K 1974 XvKv wek^we`¨vjq
GKz‡k c`K 1976 evsjv‡`k miKvi
bRiæj iPbvejx
iPbvi †kÖwY msL¨v iPbvi †kÖwY msL¨v
KweZvMÖš’ 22wU bvUK 4wU
Kve¨vbyev` 3wU wK‡kvi bvwUKv 2wU

Page 65 of 80
 wK‡kvi Kve¨ 2wU cÖeÜ MÖš’ 5wU
Dcb¨vm 3wU m½xZ MÖš’ 14wU
MíMÖš’ 3wU
cÖ_g iPbv I cÖ_g wbwl× MÖš’
bvg mvj cÖK…wZ
e¨v_vi `vb 1922 cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ MÖš’ I MíMÖš’
evD‡Ð‡ji AvZ¥Kvwnbx 1919 cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ iPbv I cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ
Mí| 1326 e½v‡ã ÔmIMvZÕ
cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ nq
gyw³ 1919 cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ KweZv
AwMœexYv 1922 cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ Kve¨MÖš’
euvab-nviv 1927 cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ Dcb¨vm Dcb¨vm
ZzKg© wnjvi ‡NvgUv †Lvjv 1919 cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ cÖeÜ
hyMevYx 1922 cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ cÖeÜMÖš’
wSwjwgwj 1927 cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ bvUK
wSwjwgwj (wZbwU bvUK GK‡Î) 1930 cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ bvU¨MÖš’
we‡li euvkx 1924 cÖ_g wbwl× MÖš’
bRiæj iwPZ Kve¨MÖš’
bvg cÖKvkKvj cÖK…wZ I wewea Z_¨
AwMœexYv 1922 we‡`ªvnxcÖavb Kve¨| GB Kv‡e¨i Ab¨Zg I RbwcÖq KweZv we‡`ªvnx|
we‡li euvkx 1924 we‡`ªvnxcÖavb Kve¨| cÖ_g wbwl× MÖš’
fvOvi Mvb 1924 we‡`ªvnxcÖavb Kve¨|
mvg¨ev`x 1925 we‡`ªvnxcÖavb Kve¨| Ôjv½jÕ cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ nq|
me©nviv 1926 we‡`ªvnxcÖavb Kve¨&
dwY-gbmv 1927 we‡`ªvnxcÖavb Kve¨
wRwÄi 1928 we‡`ªvnxcÖavb Kve¨
mܨv 1929 we‡`ªvnxcÖavb Kve¨
cÖjq wkLv 1930 we‡`ªvnxcÖavb Kve¨| GB MÖ‡š’i Rb¨ Qq gvm Kviv †fvM K‡ib|
‡`vjb Puvcv 1923 ‡cÖgcÖavb Kve¨| bRiæ‡ji ¯¿xi WvK bvg `ywj| wZwb Av`i K‡i Ô‡`vjbÕ WvK‡Zb| †`vjb ev
AvkvjZvi bv‡g Ô‡`vjb-PuvcvÕ MÖ‡š’i bvgKiY|
QvqvbU 1924 ‡cÖgcÖavb Kve¨|
cy‡ei nvIqv 1925 ‡cÖgcÖavb Kve¨|
wmÜzwn‡›`vj 1927 ‡cÖgcÖavb Kve¨|
PµevK 1929 ‡cÖgcÖavb Kve¨|
mwÂZv 1928 iex›`ªbv_‡K DrmM© K‡ib
giæ-fv¯‹i 1957 nhiZ gyn¤§` (m) Gi RxebxwfwËK
wPËbvgv 1925 ‡`keÜz wPËiÄb `v‡ki RxebxwfwËK
wS‡Odzj 1926 wkï‡Zvl Kve¨
mvZfvB wkï‡Zvl Kve¨
P¤úv
So 1960 Rxebxg~jK Kve¨
bZzb Puv` 1945 Rxebxg~jK Kve¨
bvg cÖKvkKvj cÖK…wZ I wewea Z_¨
bRiæ‡ji 3wU Dcb¨vm
bvg I cÖKvk cÖKvwkZ cwÎKv
euvabnviv (1927) 1921 mv‡j †gvm‡jg fviZ cwÎKvq avivevwnKfv‡e cÖKvwkZ nq
g„Zz¨ÿzav (1930) AMÖnvqY 1334-dvêyb 1336 e½v‡ã ÔmIMvZÕ cwÎKvq avivevwnKfv‡e cÖKvwkZ nq|
Kz‡nwjKv (1931) 1334 e½v‡ãi Avlvp gv‡m KjKvZv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ ÔgvwmK bI‡ivRÕ cwÎKvq cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq|
Zvi wKQzw`b ci bI‡iR eÜ n‡j ÔmIMvZÕ cwÎKvq avivevwnKfv‡e cÖKvwkZ nq|
bRiæ‡ji 3wU MíMÖš’
1. e¨v_¨vi `vb (1922)
2. wi‡³i †e`b (1925)
Page 66 of 80
3. wkDwjgvjv (1931)
bRiæ‡ji bvU¨MÖš’
bvg cÖKvkKvj I wewea Z_¨
wSwjwgwj 3wU †QvU bvU‡Ki MÖš’ ÔwSwjwgwjÕ 1337 e½vã (1930) AMÖnvq‡Y MÖš’vKv‡i cÖKvwkZ nq| wSwjwgwj,
†mZzeÜb, wkíx bv‡gi wZbwU ‡QvU bvUK GB MÖš’fz³
Av‡jqv 1931 mv‡j MÖš’vKv‡i cÖKvwkZ nq|
gaygvjv 1959 mv‡j MÖš’vKv‡i cÖKvwkZ nq|
cyZz‡ji we‡q bRiæ‡ji GKwU bvU¨MÖš’
bRiæ‡ji Pjw”PÎ
bvg wewea Z_¨
bRiæj KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg‡K wb‡q KvbvWvq Pjw”PÎ wbg©vY Kiv nq| Pjw”PÎwUi bvg wQj
ÔbRiæjÕ| cwiPvjK wQ‡jb wdwjc ¯úv‡ij|
a~cQvqv 1931 mv‡j bRiæj cwiPvwjZ Pjw”PÎ| wZwb wQ‡jb cÖ_g evOvwj gymjgvb Pjw”PÎKvi|
aªæe 1934 mv‡j ÔaªæeÕ Pjw”PÎ gyw³ cvq| wZwb cwiPvjK, m½xZ cwiPvjK, MxwZKvi, myiKvi,
KÚwkíx wQ‡jb| wZwb GB Pjw”P‡Î bvi‡`i f~wgKvq Awfbq K‡ib|
cvZvjcyix, MÖ‡ni †di, †Mviv, GB mKj Pjw”P‡Î bRiæj myiKvi, MxwZKvi I m½xZ cwiPvjK wn‡m‡e RwoZ wQ‡jb|
bw›`bx, †PŠi½x
we`¨vcwZ (evsjv I wnw›`), mvcy‡o GB Pjw”Pθ‡jvi Kvwnwb, MxZ I myi iPbv K‡ib|
LywK I KvV‡eivwj Ges wjPz †Pvi bRiæ‡ji GB `ywU KweZv wb‡q Pjw”PÎ wbwg©Z nq|
Ab¨vb¨ mvwnZ¨Kg©
cÖeÜ hyMevYx (1922), iæ`ªg½j (1923), ivRe›`xi Revbe›`x (1923), `yw`©‡bi hvÎx (1926), a~g‡KZz
(1957)|
Mvb I ¯^iwjwci eB eyjeyj (1928), †Pv‡Li PvZK(1929), P›`ªwe›`y (1930), bRiæj MxwZKv (1930), bRiæj ¯^iwjwc
(1931), myi-gyKzi (1934), ¸jevwMPv (1933), myimvKx (1931), myiwjwc (1934)|
Kve¨vbyev` iæevBqvZ-B-nvwdR (1930), iæevBqvZ-B-Igi ‰Lqvg, Kv‡e¨ Avgcviv|

wewmGm weMZ cÖkœ

1. ÔRxeb¯§„wZÕ Kvi iPbv? [40Zg wewmGm]
K. Ck^iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi L. iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi
M. wef~wZf~lY e‡›`¨vcva¨vq N. †iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ †nv‡mb DËi: L
2. Ôwe‡`ªvnxÕ KweZvwU †Kvb m‡b cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq? [40Zg wewmGm]
K. 1923 m‡b L. 1921 m‡b (19)
M. 1919 m‡b N. 1918 m‡b DËi: N
3. ‡KvbwU iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii Kve¨MÖš’? [38Zg wewmGm]
K. †kl‡jLv L. †klcÖkœ
M. †klK_v N. †klw`b DËi: K
4. ÔAvwg G K_v, G e¨_v, myLe¨vKzjZv Kvnvi PiYZ‡j w`e wbQwbÕ- iex›`ªbv‡_i G Mv‡b ÔwbQwbÕ Kx A‡_© e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q?
[37Zg wewmGm]
K. Ac‡bv`b A‡_© L. c~Rv A‡_©
M. wejv‡bv A‡_© N. Dcnvi A‡_© DËi: L
5. KvRx bRiæj Bmjv‡gi ÔAwMœ-exYvÕ Kv‡e¨i cÖ_g KweZv †KvbwU?
[38Zg wewmGm]
K. AvMgbx L. †Kvievbx
M. cÖj‡qvjøvm N. we‡`ªvnx DËi: M
6. KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg Zuvi ÔKvjvcvnvoÕ- †K ¯§iY K‡i‡Qb †Kb?
[37Zg wewmGm]
K. eªvþY¨ hy‡M be gymwjg wQ‡jb e‡j
L. Bmjv‡gi ¸YKxZ©b K‡iwQ‡jb e‡j
M. cÖvPxb evsjvi we‡`ªvnx wQ‡jb e‡j
N. cÖPwjZ ag© I ms¯‹vi-we‡Ølx wQ‡jb ej DËi: N
c¨vixPuv` wgÎ mvwnZ¨Kg©
Dcb¨vm Avjv‡ji N‡ii `yjvj (1858)
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ MÖš’ g` LvIqv eo `vq RvZ _vKvi wK Dcvq (1859), ivgviwÄKv (1860), MxZv¼zi (1861), hrwKwÂr (1865),
Page 67 of 80
 A‡f`x (1871), Ava¨vwZ¥Kv (1880), †WwfW †nqv‡ii RxebPwiZ (1878), evgv‡ZvwlYx (1881)|
cÖeÜ The Zamindar and Royats.
Ck^iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi mvwnZ¨Kg©
Abyev`MÖš’ ‡eZvjcÂweskwZ (1847), kKzšÍjv (1854), mxZvi ebevm (1860), åvwšÍwejvm (1869)
†gŠwjK MÖš’ cÖfveZx m¤¢vlY (AvbygvwbK 1863), we`¨vmvMi PwiZ (1891), weaev weevn cÖPwjZ nIqv DwPZ wKbv
GZwØlqK cÖ¯Íve (1g cÖ¯Íve 1855, 2q cÖ¯Íve 1855), eûweevn iwnZ nIqv DwPZ wKbv GZwØlqK
wePvi (1g LÐ 1871, 2q LÐ 1873)|
we`ªæc‡KŠZzK AwZ Aí nBj (1873), iZœcixÿv (1886), Avevi AwZ Aí nBj (1873) eªRwejvm (1884)
(Km¨wPZ Dchy³ fvB‡cvm¨ QÙbv‡g wjwLZ)|
wkï‡Zvlg~jK cvV¨ eB eY©cwiPq (1855), †ev‡av`q (1851), K_vgvjv (1856), AvL¨vbgÄix (1863)|
gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë mvwnZ¨Kg©
gnvKve¨ ‡gNbvea Kve¨ (1861)|
bvUK kwg©ôv (1859), cÙveZx (1860), K…òKzgvix (1861), ‡n±i ea (1871), gvqvKvbb (1874)
Kve¨MÖš’ The Captive Ladie (1849), wZ‡jvËgvm¤¢e (1860), eªRv½bv (1861), exiv½bv (1862), PZz`©kc`x
KweZvejx (1866)
cÖnmb eyo mvwj‡Ki Nv‡o †iuv (1860), G‡KB wK e‡j mf¨Zv (1860)|
`xbeÜz wgÎ mvwnZ¨Kg©
Kve¨MÖš’ myiaybx Kve¨ (1g fvM 1871) I 2q fvM 1876), Øv`k KweZv (1872)|
cÖnmb maevi GKv`kx (1866), we‡q cvMjv ey‡ov (1866)|
bvUK bxj`c©Y (1860), bexb Zcw¯^bx (1863), jxjveZx (1867), RvgvB evwiK (1872), Kg‡j Kvwgbx (1873)|
Mí hgvj‡q RxešÍ gvbyl I †cvov g‡nk^i|
ew¼gP›`ª iwPZ Dcb¨vm m¤úwK©Z Z_¨vejx
Dcb¨vm cÖK…wZ/aib/wewea cÖavb PwiÎ
`y‡M©kbw›`bx (1865) evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i cÖ_g mv_©K Dcb¨vm wegjv, Av‡qkv, RMrwmsn, wZ‡jvËgv
Rajmohon’s Wife ew¼gP‡›`ªi cÖ_g Dcb¨vm hv Bs‡iwR fvlvq iwPZ -
(1862)
g„Yvwjbx (1869) ·qv`k kZvãxi cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q gymjgvb KZ…K © e½‡`k ‡ngP›`ª, g„Yvwjbx, cïcwZ, g‡bvigv
weR‡q Kvwnwb| HwZnvwmK cUf~wg‡Z iwPZ
KcvjKzÐjv (1866) evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i cÖ_g ‡ivgvw›UK Dcb¨vm KcvjKzÐjv, beKzgvi, gwZwewe
hyMjv½yixq (1874) cÖvPxb cUf~wgKvq GKwU †cÖgKvwnwb wbf©i Dcb¨vm wniY¥qx, Agjv, ab`vm, cyi›`i
ivRwmsn (1882) ew¼‡gi †kÖô HwZnvwmK Dcb¨vm| GwU bvwqKvcÖavb ‡Rey‡bœmv
Dcb¨vm
P›`ª‡kLi (1875) BwZnvmvkÖqx NUbvi m‡½ Mvn©¯’¨ Rxeb Kvwnwbi wgkÖY P›`ª‡kLi, cÖZvc ˆkewjbx
‡`ex †PŠayivYx (1884) evsjvi mgvR I cvwievwiK cUf~wgKvq Mvn©¯’¨ Kvwnwb wbf©i cÖdzjø, eªþVvKzivYx, mvMi, eª‡Rk^i
Dcb¨vm
Avb›` gV (1882) wQqvˇii gš^šÍ‡ii cUf~wgKvq mbœ¨vmx we‡`ªv‡ni Qvqv fevb›`, Kj¨vYx g‡n›`ª wmsn, eªþPvix
Aej¤^‡b iwPZ| GB Dcb¨vm †jL‡Ki †`k‡cÖg dz‡U
D‡V‡Q|
K…òKv‡šÍi DBj me©‡kÖô Dcb¨vm wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ| mvgvwRK Dcb¨vm| ‡ivwnYx, ågi, †Mvwe›`jvj
(1878)
ivavivYx (1875) mgvR I Mvn©¯’¨agx© Dcb¨vm ivavivYx, emšÍKzgvix, KvgvL¨v evey, iw·bx
Kzgvi
iRbx (1877) evsjv fvlvq cÖ_g gb¯ÍË¡ we‡kølYg~jK mvgvwRK MÖš’ iRbx, kPx›`ª
wele„ÿ (1873) evj¨weaevi cÖwZ abvX¨ f~¯^vgxi `ywb©evi AvK©lY I Kz›`bw›`bx, b‡M›`ªbv_, m~h©gyLx
AvZ¥mgc©Y
mxZvivg (1887) ew¼gP‡›`ªi me©‡kl Dcb¨vm mxZvivg
gxi gkviid †nv‡mb mvwnZ¨Kg©
mvwnZ¨Kg©
Dcb¨vm iZœeZx (1869), welv`-wmÜz (gnig ce© 1885; D×vi ce© 1887; GwR``a ce© 1891)
AvZ¥Rxebxg~jK D`vmxb cw_‡Ki g‡bi K_v (1890), MvRx wgqvui emZvbx (1899)
Dcb¨vm
bvUK emšÍKzgvix (1873), Rgx`vi `c©Y (1873), †eûjv MxZvwfbq (1889), Uvjv Awfbq (1897)|
Page 68 of 80
 cÖeÜ †MvRxeb (1889)| G iPbvi `v‡q Zuv‡K gvgjvq Rwo‡q co‡Z nq|
cÖnmb Gi Dcvq wK? (1875), G wK? (1899), fvB fvB GB‡Zv PvB, duvm KvMR|
AvZ¥Rxebx Avgvi Rxebx (1910), wewe Kzjmyg (1910)|
Kve¨ †MvivB weªR A_ev †MŠix †mZz (1873), wewe †Lv‡`Rvi weevn (1905), nhiZ Ig‡ii ag©Rxeb jvf
(1905), nhiZ †ejv‡ji Rxebx (1905), nhiZ Avgxi nvghvi ag©Rxeb jvf (1905), gw`bvi †MŠie
(1960), †gvm‡jg exiZ¡ (1907), evRxgvr (1908)|
c`¨vbyev` C‡`i †LvZev (1909), Dc‡`k (1915)
Ab¨vb¨ †gŠjy` kixqv (1903;) ag©MÖš’), gymjgv‡bi ev½vjv wkÿv (cÖ_g, wØZxq)
w؇R›`ªjvj ivq Gi mvwnZ¨Kg©
HwZnvwmK bvUK ZvivevC (1903), cÖZvcwmsn (1906), `yM©v`vm (1906), b~iRvnvb (1908), †gevi cZb (1908),
mvRvnvb (1909), P›`ª¸ß (1911), wmsnj weRq (1916)
mvgvwRK bvUK cicv‡i (1912), e½bvix (1916)
bKkv I cÖnmb GK N‡i (1889), Kwé AeZvi (1895)
Kve¨bvU¨ cvlvYx (1900)
cÖ_g †PŠayix Gi mvwnZ¨Kg©
Kve¨MÖš’ m‡bU cÂvkr (1913), c`PviY (1919)
MíMÖš’ Pvi Bqvwi K_v (1916), AvûwZ (1919)
cÖeÜ MÖš’ ‡Zj-byb-jKwo (1906), exie‡ji nvjLvZv (1916), bvbvK_v (1919), Avgv‡`i wkÿv (1920)
‰mq` BmgvBj †nv‡mb wmivRx Gi mvwnZ¨Kg©
gnvKve¨ ‡¯úbweRq Kve¨ (1914)
Kve¨ AbjcÖevn (1900), D”Q¡vm (1907), D‡Øvab (1907), msMxZ mRxebx (1916), evqbw›`bx (1918)

Dcb¨vm ZvivevC (1918), ivqbw›`bx (1918), b~i DwÏb (1923) wd‡ivRv †eMg (1923)

cÖeÜ ¯^RvZx †cÖg (1909), Av`e Kvq`v wkÿv (1914), mywPšÍv (1916), gnvbMix Kv‡Wv©fv, ZzKx© bvix Rxeb (
1913)
m¤úvw`Z cwÎKv gvwmK b~i (1919), mvßvwnK myjZvb (1923)

wef‚wZf‚lY e‡›`¨vcva¨vq Gi mvwnZ¨Kg©

Dcb¨vm c‡_i cvuPvjx (1929), AcivwRZ (1931), `„wó cÖ`xc (1935), AviY¨K (1938), Av`k© wn›`y †nv‡Uj
(1940), AbyeZ©b (1942), †`ehvb (1944), BQvgZx (1949), Akwb ms‡KZ (1959)
‡QvUMí msMÖn ‡gNgvjøvi (1931), †gŠixdyj (1932), hvÎve`j (1938)
AvZ¥Rxebxg~jK iPbv Z…Yv¼i (1943)
‡Mvjvg †gv¯Ídv Gi mvwnZ¨Kg©
Kve¨MÖš’ i³ivM (1924), †Lvk‡ivR (1929), Kve¨Kvwnbx (1932), mvnviv (1936), nv¯œv‡nbv (1938), eyjeywj¯Ívb
(1949), Zvivbv-B cvwK¯Ívb (1956), ewb Av`g (1958), MxwZ mÂqb (1968)

M`¨MÖš’ wek^bex (1942; ivmyjyjøvn (m.) Gi Rxebxg~jK MÖš’), Bmjvg I ‡Rnv` (1947), Bmjvg I KwgDwbRg
(1946), Avgvi wPšÍvaviv(1952)

Aveyj gbmyi Avng` (1898-1979)

Dcb¨vm mZ¨ wg_¨v (1953), Rxebÿzav (1955), Av‡e nvqvZ(1968)
MíMÖš’ Avqbv (1935), dzW Kbdv‡iÝ (1944), Avmgvbx (1964)
ivRbxwZwelqK MÖš’ Avgvi †`Lv ivRbxwZi cÂvk eQi (1969), †k‡i evsjvv †_‡K e½eÜz (1972)
¯§„wZK_v AvZ¥K_v (1978)
wkïmvwnZ¨ ‡QvU‡`i Kvmvmyj Avw¤^qv (1949), Mwjf‡ii mdibvgv (1959)
Rxebvb›` `vk
 Kve¨MÖš’ SivcvjK (1928), a~mi cvÐzwjwc (1936)
 Dcb¨vm gvj¨evb (1973), mZx_© (1974)
 cÖeÜ MÖš’ KweZvi K_v (1956)
 Mí msKjb Rxebvb›` `v‡ki Mí ( 1972)
RmxgD`&`xb (1903-1976)
Page 69 of 80
 Kve¨MÖš’ ivLvjx (1927), bKkx Kuv_vi gvV (1929), evjyPi (1930), avb‡LZ (1933), †mvRb evw`qvi NvU
(1936), nvmyKv‡›` (1963), iƒceZx (1946), gvwUi Kvbœv (1958), mwKbv (1959), myPqbx (LÐ KweZvi
msKjb, 1961), gv †h Rbbx Kv‡›` (1963), njy` eiYx (1966), R‡j †jLb (1969), fqven †mB
w`b¸‡jv‡Z (1972), gv‡Mv R¦vjv‡q ivwLm Av‡jv (1976), Kvd‡bi wgwQj (1988)

Dcb¨vm ‡evKvwnbx (1968)

MíMÖš’ ev½vjxi nvwmi Mí (1g LÐ-1960, 2q LÐ-1968)
M`¨MÖš’ hvu‡`i †`‡LwQ (¯§„wZK_v 1952), VvKzvi evwoi AvwObvq (¯§„wZK_v,1961)

wkï‡Zvl MÖš’ nvmy (1938), GK cqmvi evukx (1967), Wvwjg Kzgvi (1951)
ågbKvwnbx P‡j gymvwdi (1952), nj‡` cixi †`k (1967), †h †`‡k gvbyl eo (1968)

AvZ¥Rxebx Rxeb K_v (1968)

bvUK cÙvcvo (1950), gaygvjv (1958), ‡e‡`i †g‡q (1951), cjøxea~ (1956), MÖv‡gi gvqv (1959)

‰mq` gyRZev Avjx (1904-1974)

ågYKvwnbx ‡`‡k we‡`‡k (1949)
Dcb¨vm Awek^vm¨ (1954), kebg (1960)
ig¨iPbv/cÖeÜ cÂZš¿ (1952), gq~iKÚx (1952)
‡QvUMí PvPv-Kvwnbx (1952), Uzwb †gg (1963)
eyׇ`e emy (1908-1974)
Kve¨MÖš’ gg©evYx (1925), e›`xi e›`bv (1930), K¼veZx (1937), `gqšÍx (1943), †h Avuavi Av‡jvi AwaK (1958)
Dcb¨vm mvov (1930), mvb›`v (1933), jvj‡gN (1934), cwiµgv (1938), wbR©b ¯^vÿi (1951)
MíMÖš’ Awfbq, Awfbq bq (1930), †iLvwPÎ (1931), nvIqv e`j (1943)
cÖeÜ MÖš’ nVvr Av‡jvi SjKvwb (1935), Kv‡ji cyZzj (1946), mvwnZ¨ PP©v (1954)
ågY Kvwnbx me †c‡qwQi †`‡k (1941), Rvcvwb Rvb©vj (1962), †`kvšÍi (1966)
¯§„wZK_v Avgvi †Q‡j‡ejv (1973), Avgvi †hŠeb (1976)
Abyev` MÖš’ Kvwj`v‡mi †gN`~Z, †ev`‡jqvi: Zvi KweZv, †nìvwj‡bi KweZv, ivB‡bi gvwiqv wij‡Ki KweZv|
‡eMg mywdqv Kvgvj
Kve¨MÖš’ mvu‡Si gvqv (1938), gb I Rxeb (1957), D`vË c„w_ex (1964), AwfhvwÎK (1969), †gvi hv`y‡`i mgvwa c‡i
(1972), gvqv KvRj (1951)

Mí ‡Kqvi KvuUv (1937)

ågYKvwnbx ‡mvwf‡q‡Zi w`b¸wj (1968)
wkï‡Zvl MÖš’ BZj weZj (1965), bIj wK‡kv‡ii `iev‡i (1982)
AvZ¥Rxebx GKv‡j Avgv‡`i Kvj (1988)|
¯§„wZK_v GKvˇii Wv‡qwi (1989)|
kIKZ Imgvb (1917-1998)
cÖeÜ ms¯‹…wZi PovB DrivB (1985), gymwjg gvb‡mi iƒcvšÍi (1986). fve fvlv fvebv (1974)
Mí wcuRiv‡cvj (1951), cÖ¯Íi djK (1964), Dcjÿ (1965)
Dcb¨vm Rbbx (1958), µxZ`v‡mi nvwm (1962), †PŠimwÜ (1968) mgvMg (1967), `yB ‰mwbK (1973)
bvUK Avgjvi gvgjv (1949), Z¯‹i I j¯‹i (1963)
ig¨iPbv wbR¯^ msev``vZv †cÖwiZ|
cyi®‹vi evsjv GKv‡Wwg cyi¯‹vi (1962), Av`gRx mvwnZ¨ cyi¯‹vi (1966), GKz‡k c`K (1983)
‰mq` IqvjxDjøvn&
Dcb¨vm jvjmvjy (1948), Pvu‡`i Agvem¨v (1964), Kvu‡`v b`x Kvu‡`v (1968)
‡QvUMí bqbPviv (1951), `yB Zix I Ab¨vb¨ Mí (1965), Mí-mgMÖ (1972)
bvUK myo½ (1964), Zi½f½ (1964), ewncxi (1960), DRv‡b g„Zz¨ (1966)
gybxi †PŠayix
bvUK i³v³ cÖvšÍi (1962), wPwV (1966), Kei (1966)

Page 70 of 80
 Abyev` ‡KD wKQz ej‡Z cv‡i bv (1967), iƒcvi †KŠUv (1969), gyLviv igYx ekxKiY (1970)

cÖeÜ MÖš’ WªvB‡Wb I wW. Gj. ivq (1963) gxi gvbm (1965)
myKvšÍ fÆvPvh© (1926-1947)
Kve¨MÖš’ QvocÎ (1947), Nyg †bB (1950), c~e©vfvm (1950), Awfhb (1953), niZvj (1962) I MxwZ¸”Q (1965)
msKjb AvKvj (1943)
KweZv QvocÎ, ivbvi, AvVv‡iv eQi eqm (QvocÎ), ¯§viK, D‡`¨vM, ZviæY¨, `yg©i (c~e©vfvm)
AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv`
‡QvUMí ‡R‡M AvQ (1950), avbKb¨v (1951), g„Mbvwf (1953), AÜKvi wmuwo (1958), DRvb Zi‡½ (1962), RxebRwgb
(1988)
Dcb¨vm ‡ZBk b¤^i ˆZjwPÎ (1960), KY©dzjx (1962), ÿzav I Avkv (1964)
KweZv gvbwPÎ (1961), †jwjnv cvÐzwjwc (1975)
bvUK gvqvex cÖni (1963), wbtkã hvÎv (1972), msev` †klvskv (1975)
cÖeÜ wkíxi mvabv (1958), mvwn‡Z¨i AvMš‘K FZz (1974) †divix Wv‡qix (1978)
Rwni ivqnvb (1935-1972)
cwiPvwjZ Qwe ‡mvbvi KvRj (1962), Kvu‡Pi †`qvj (1963), evnvbv (1965), †eûjv (1966), Av‡bvqviv (1967), m½g
(1970), Rxeb †_‡K †bqv (1970)
Dcb¨vm nvRvi eQi a‡i (1964), Av‡iK dvêyb (1968), eid Mjv b`x (1969), †kl we‡K‡ji †g‡q (1960), Avi
KZ w`b (1970), K‡qKwU g„Zz¨ (1975), Z…òv (1955)
MíMÖš’ m~h©MÖnY (1955)
‡mwjg Avj `xb (1949-2008)
bvUK Nyg †bB (1970), mc© welqK Mí I Ab¨vb¨ bvUK (1973), RwÛm I wewea †ejyb (1975), cyÎ, Ryjvb (1982),
gybZvZmxi d¨v›Uvmx (1985), evmb (1985), kKzšjÍ v, KxËb‡Lvjv (1986), PvKv (1991), GKwU gvigv iƒcK_v
(1995)
M‡elYv MÖš’ ga¨hy‡Mi evOjv bvU¨ ( 1997)
cyi¯‹vi GKz‡k c`K, evsjv GKv‡Wwg cyi¯‹vi, RvZxi Pjw”PÎ cyi¯‹vi, K_K mvwnZ¨ cyi¯‹vi, †Ubvwmbvm cyi¯‹vi, bv›`xcU
c`K|
‡gvnv¤§` †gvRv‡¤§j nK
Kve¨MÖš’ KzmygvÄwj (1881), Ac~e© `k©b (1885), nRiZ gnv¤§` (1903), RvZxq †dvqviv (1912), Bmjvg msMxZ (1923)
M`¨MÖš’ gnwl©-gbmyi (1896), †di‡`Šmx-PwiÎ (1898), Zvcm-Kvwnbx (2q ms 1904), LvRv gqwbDÏxb wPkZx (1918)
Abyev` MÖš’ ÔkvnbvgvÕ (1909)
Dcb¨vm ‡Rvniv (1917), `ivdLvb MvRx (1919), iw½jvevC (Am¤ú~Y© I AcÖKvwkZ)|

Gm. Iqv‡R` Avjx (1890-1951)

Dcb¨vm MÖvbvWvi †kl exi (1940), HwZnvwmK Dcb¨vm|
Mí-MÖš’ ¸j-`v¯Ív (1927), gvï‡Ki `ievi (1930)ev`kvnx Mí (1944)
cÖeÜ Rxe‡bi wkí (1941), cÖvP¨ I cÖZxP¨(1943), fwel¨‡Zi evOvwj (1943)

ågYKvwnbx cwðg fviZ (1948), †gvUi‡hv‡M ivuwPi mdi (1949)

KvRx Ave`yj I`y` (1894-1970)
Dcb¨vm b`xe‡ÿ (1918), AvRv`|
MíMÖš’ gxi cwievi (1918)|
cÖeÜMÖš’ kvk^Z e½ (1951), Kwe¸iæ iex›`ªbv_ (cÖ_g LÐ 1962, 2q LÐ 1969), bRiæj cÖwZfv (1949), iex›`ªKve¨cvV,
mgvR I mvwnZ¨, AvRKvi K_v|
nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb
cÖeÜ AvaywbK Kwe I KweZv (*1965), g~j¨‡ev‡ai R‡b¨ (1970), mvwnZ¨ cÖm½ (1973), Av‡jvwKZ MnŸi (1977)
Kve¨ wegyL cÖvšÍi (1963), AvZ© kãvejx (1968), AwšÍg k‡ii g‡Zv (1968), hLb D`¨Z m½xb (1972)
MíMÖš’ Av‡iv `yÕwU g„Zz¨ (1970), nvmvb nvwdRyi ingv‡bi AcÖKvwkZ Mí (g„Zz¨i ci cÖKvwkZ)
ågYKvwnbx mxgvšÍ wkwei|
kIKZ Avjx (1936-2018)
Dcb¨vm wc½j AvKvk (1963), hvÎv (1976), cÖ‡`v‡l cÖvK…ZRb (1984), A‡cÿv (1985),`wÿYvq‡bi w`b (1985), m¤^j
(1986), Iqvwik (1989), `wjj (2002), Qwei Ic‡i Qvc (2002)|
Page 71 of 80
 MíMÖš’ Db¥~j evmbv (1968), †jwjnvb ¯^v` (1978), ïb †n jwL›`i (1988)
wkïmvwnZ¨ UzbKz bv‡g nvwZ (1979), bxj cvnv‡oi Mvb (1979), wfZ‡i Mo‡e wZb g~wZ© (1994)
‡mwjbv †nv‡mb
Dcb¨vm R‡jv”Q¡vm (1972), nv½i b`x †MÖ‡bW (1976), gMœ ˆPZ‡b¨ wkm (1979), hvwcZ Rxeb (1981), bxj gq~‡ii †hŠeb
(1983), †cvKvgvK‡oi NiemwZ (1986), MvqÎx mܨv (1g 1994, 2q 1995, 3q 1996)
MíMÖš’ Drm †_‡K wbi¯Íi (1969), RjeZx †g‡Ni evZvm (1975), †Lvj KiZvj (1982), gvbylwU (1993), gwZRv‡bi
†g‡qiv (1995Ñ, gyw³hy‡×i Mí (2000)
cÖeÜ MÖš’ ¯^‡`‡k cievmx (1985), GKvˇi XvKv (1990), wbf©q K‡iv †n (1998)
wkïmvwnZ¨ mvMi (1991), KvKZvo–qv (1996), eY©gvjvi Mí (1997), AvKvkcix (2000), †gq‡ii Mvwo (2003)
W. gyn¤§` Rvdi BKevj
wK‡kvi Dcb¨vm nvZ KvUv iweb (1986), `xcy bv¤^vi Uz (1984), `yóz †Q‡ji `j (1968), Avgvi eÜz iv‡k` (1994), wU ‡i‡·i
mÜv‡b (1994), Rviæj †PŠayixi gvwbK †Rvo (1995), ivRy I Av¸bvwji f‚Z (19996)
Dcb¨vm AvKvk evwo‡q `vI (1987), weeY© Zylvi (1993)
‡QvUMí GKRb `ye©j gvbyl (1992), †Q‡jgvbylx (1993), byiæj I Zvi †bvU eB (1996)
‡fŠwZK MÖš’ wcPvwkbx, †cÖZ
ågYKvwnbx Av‡gwiKv (1997)
weÁvbwelqK ‡`Lv Av‡jv bv †`Lv iƒc (1996), weÁv‡bi GKk gRvi †Ljv (1994)
msKjb mv‡qÝ wdKkb mgMÖ (1994)
m¤úv`bv wek eQi ci (1991), iZb (2008), AbyiY †MvjK (2008), AÜKv‡ii Mªš’ (2008)
cyi¯‹vi evsjv GKv‡Wwg cyi¯‹vi (2006), wm‡jU bvU¨g cyi¯‹vi (2005), XvKv wek^we`¨vjq A¨vjvgbvB G‡mvwm‡qkb
cyi¯‹vi (2005)

wewmGm weMZ cÖkœ

7. `xbeÜz wg‡Îi Ôbxj`c©YÕ bvUKwU Bs‡iwR‡Z Abyev` K‡ib †K?
[40Zg wewmGm]
K. c¨vixPuv` wgÎ L. gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë
M. cÖg_ †PŠayix N. w؇R›`ªjvj ivq DËi: L
8. evsjv AvaywbK Dcb¨vm- Gi cÖeZ©K wQ‡jb? [40Zg wewmGm]
K. iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi L. c¨vixPuv` wgÎ
M. Ck^iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi N. ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq DËi: N
9. RmxgD`&`x‡bi iPbv †KvbwU? [40Zg wewmGm]
K. hv‡`i †`‡LwQ L. c‡_ cÖev‡m
M. Kvj wbiewa N. fwel¨‡Zi evOvjx DËi: K
10. ÔAva¨vwZ¥KvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †jLK †K? [30Zg wewmGm]
K. c¨vixPuv` wgÎ L. ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq
M. `v‡gv`i e‡›`¨vcva¨vq N. kirP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq DËi: K
11. ‡KvbwU we`¨vmvM‡ii AvZ¥Rxebxg~jK †jLv? [38Zg wewmGm]
K. AvZ¥PwiZ L. AvZ¥K_v
M. AvZ¥wRÁvmv N. Avgvi K_v DËi: K
12. `xbeÜz wg‡Îi Ôbxj-`c©YÕ bvUK cÖ_g †Kv_v †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq?
[38Zg wewmGm]
K. KjKvZv L. XvKv
M. jÛb N. gywk©`vev` DËi: L
13. ‡iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ †nv‡m‡bi ÕgwZP~iÕ †Kvb ai‡bi iPbv? [38Zg wewmGm]
K. cÖeÜ L. Dcb¨vm
M. bvUK N. AvZ¥Rxebx DËi: K
14. gybxi †PŠayixi ÕgyLiv igYx ekxKiYÕ GKwU- [38Zg wewmGm]
K. Dcb¨vm L. ‡QvUMí
M. cÖeÜ N. Abyev` bvUK DËi: N
15. Kwe Kvq‡Kvev` iwPZ Ôgnvk¥kvbÕ Kv‡e¨i HwZnvwmK cUf~wg wQj-
[37Zg wewmGm]
K. cjvkxi hy× L. Z…Zxq cvwbc‡_i hy×
M. 1857 mv‡ji wmcvnx we‡`ªvn N. wQqvˇii gš^šÍi DËi: L
Page 72 of 80
16. ÔexiejÕ QÙbv‡g †K wjL‡Zb? [33Zg, 14Zg wewmGm]
K. iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi L. gybxi †PŠayix
M. mg‡ik emy N. cÖg_ †PŠayix DËi: N
17. ÔZzwg Avm‡e e‡j ‡n ¯^vaxbZvÕ- Kvi KweZv? [34Zg wewmGm]
K. kIKZ Imgvb L. wmKv›`vi Avey Rvdi
M. mywdqv Kvgvj N. kvgmyi ivngvb DËi: N
18. wb‡Pi †KvbwU kirP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi QÙbvg? [30Zg wewmGm]
K. exiej L. wfgiæj
M. Awbjv‡`ex N. hvhvei DËi: M
19. gxi gkviid †nv‡m‡bi bvUK †KvbwU? [28Zg wewmGm]
K. bwUi c~Rv L. †eûjv MxZvwfbq
M. bexb Zcw¯^bx N. K…òKzgvix DËi: L
fvlv Av‡›`vjb wfwËK MÖš’ I Pjw”PÎ
bvg cÖK„wZ iPwqZv/wbg©vZv
GKz‡ki Mí cÖ_g †QvUMí Rwni ivqnvb
Av‡iK dvêyb cÖ_g Dcb¨vm Rwni ivqnvb
Rxeb †_‡K †bqv Pjw”PÎ Rwni ivqnvb
Let there be Light Pjw”PÎ Rwni ivqnvb
Kei cÖ_g bvUK gybxi †PŠayix
Kuv`‡Z Avwmwb, duvwmi `vwe wb‡q G‡mwQ cÖ_g KweZv gvneye-Dj Avjg †PŠayix
GKz‡k †deªæqvwi cÖ_g msKjb MÖš’ nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb
AvZ©bv` Dcb¨vm kIKZ Imgvb
wbišÍi N›UvaŸwb Dcb¨vm ‡mwjbv †nv‡mb
gyw³hy×wfwËK bvUK
iPwqZv bvUK
‰mq` kvgmyj nK cv‡qi AvIqvR cvIqv hvq
Ave`yjøvn Avj gvgyb Avqbvq eÜzi gyL
ggZvRD``xb Avn‡g` Kx Pvn k•LwPj, eY©‡Pviv
AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv` bi‡K jvj †Mvjvc
bxwjgv Beªvnxg ‡h Ai‡Y¨ Av‡jv †bB
wRqv nvq`vi c¼Rwefvm
‡gvnv¤§` Gnmvbyjøvn wKsïK †h giæ‡Z
mvB` Avng` cÖwZw`b GKw`b
i‡Yk `vk¸ß †dix Avm‡Q
gyw³hy×wfwËK Dcb¨vm
iPwqZv Dcb¨vm
Av‡bvqvi cvkv ivB‡dj †ivwU AvIivZ
‰mq` kvgmyj nK wbwl× †jvevb, bxj `skb, GK hye‡Ki Qvqvc_, Îvwn
kIKZ Imgvb RjvsMx, Rvnvbœvg nB‡Z we`vq, `yB ˆmwbK, †bK‡o AiY¨
ûygvq~b Avn‡g` Av¸‡bi cikgwY, k¨vgj Qvqv, †RvQbv I Rbbxi Mí
Avj gvngy` Dcgnv‡`k
Avey Rvdi kvgmyÏxb ‡`qvj
‡mwjbv †nv‡mb nvOi b`x †MÖ‡bW, hy×
kIKZ Avjx hvÎv
ikx` nvq`vi LuvPvq, AÜ K_vgvjv
kvgmyi ivngvb A™¢zZ Auvavi GK
ikx` Kixg Avgvi hZ Møvwb
AvgRv` †nv‡mb A‡ejvq Amgq
Bg`v`yj nK wgjb Kv‡jv †Nvov, †NivI, gnvhy×
nviæb nvexe wcÖq‡hv×v wcÖqRb
gyw³hy×wfwËK KweZv
Kwe KweZv

Page 73 of 80
 A¨v‡jb wMbmevM© ‡m‡Þ¤^i Ab h‡kvi †ivW
gyw³hy×wfwËK Mí
iPwqZv Mí
kIKZ Imgvb Rb¥ hw` Ze e‡½
gyw³hy×wfwËK cÖeÜ
iPwqZv cÖeÜ
‡gRi †gvnv¤§` Ave`yj Rwjj A search for Identity
‡gRi †Rbv‡ij myLIqvšÍ wms The Liberation of Bangladesh
W. bxwjgv Beªvnxg Avwg exiv½bv ejwQ
‡mwjbv †nv‡mb GKvˇii XvKv
gyw³hy×wfwËK ¯§„wZK_v
iPwqZv ¯§„wZK_v
Gg Avi AvLZvi gyKzj Avwg weRq †`‡LwQ
Rvnvbviv Bgvg GKvˇii w`b¸wj
mywdqv Kvgvj GKvˇii Wv‡qwi
gyw³hy×wfwËK m¤úvw`Z MÖš’
iPwqZv MÖš’
nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb gyw³hy‡×i BwZnvm: `wjjcÎ (15 L‡Ð)
gyw³hy×wfwËK Pjw”PÎ
cwiPvjK Pjw”PÎ
Rwni ivqnvb Stop Genocide
Pvlx bRiæj Bmjvg Iiv 11 Rb, nvOi b`x †MÖ‡bW
bvwmiDwÏb BDmyd GKvˇii hxï
Lvb AvZvDi ingvb Avevi †Zviv gvbyl n
gyw³hy×wfwËK ¯§„wZK_v
iPwqZv ¯§„wZK_v
AcüZ evsjv‡`k ‡gvnv¤§` Avwbmyi ingvb
Aeiæ× bq gvm AvZvDi ingvb Lvb
AiwÿZ ¯^vaxbZvB civaxbZv ‡gRi Gg.G. Rwjj
Avgvi wKQz K_v ‡kL gywReyi ingvb
Avgiv evsjv‡`kx bv ev½vjx Avãyj Mvddvi †PŠayix
evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³i msMÖvg G.Avi. gwjøK
BwZnvm K_v e‡j ‰mq` byi Avn‡g`
ü`‡q evsjv‡`k cvbœv Kvqmvi
Gev‡ii msMÖvg ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg MvRxDj nK
gyw³hy‡×i bqgvm Gm Gg G f~Bqv
GKzk eQi c‡i N‡i †div ‰mq` †gv`v‡”Qi Avjx
GKvˇii K_vgvjv ‡eMg byiRvnvb
ey‡Ki †fZi Av¸b Rvnvbviv Bgvg
GKvˇii wbkvb, †divix m~h© iv‡eqv LvZzb
cÖwZ‡iv‡ai cÖ_g cÖni ‡gRi iwdKzj Bmjvg
jÿ cÖv‡Yi wewbg‡q ‡gRi iwdKzj Bmjvg
‡kL gywRe I ¯^vaxbZv msMÖvg ‡gRi iwdKzj Bmjvg
hvwcZ Rxeb ‡mwjbv †nv‡mb
GKvˇii hxï kvnwiqvi Kwei
GKvˇii iYv½b kvgmyj û`v †PŠayix
GKvˇii AwMœKb¨v Zzlvi Avãyjøvn
GKvˇii MYnZ¨v ewki Avj †njvj
GKvˇii wPwV (cÎ msKjb) msKj‡b MÖvgxY‡dvb I cÖ_g
Av‡jv
‡divix Wv‡qix AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv`
‡Rj †_‡K †jLv m‡Z¨b †mb
Page 74 of 80
 ‡RvQbv I Rbbxi Mí, wbe©vmb, 1971 ûgvqyb Avn‡g`
`v †iBc Ae evsjv‡`k A¨vš’wb gvmKv‡ibnvm
wjMvwm Ae eøvW (evsjv‡`k i‡³i FY) A¨vš’wb gvmKv‡ibnvm
`ve`vn gvngy`yjøvn
evsjv‡`k I e½eÜz †gvbv‡qg miKvi
evsjv‡`k Avgvi evsjv‡`k iv‡g›`ª gRyg`vi
eKzj cy‡ii ¯^vaxbZv ggZvRD``xb Avn‡g`
hy× R‡qi Mí iex›`ª †Mvc
`¨ ‡Uw÷gwb Ae wm·wU (GKvˇii msKjb) cÖKvkK A·dvg
hy‡M hy‡M evsjv‡`k ‡Zvdv‡qj Avn‡g`
hy× R‡qi Mí wecÖ`vk eo–qv
G †Mv‡ìb GR Zvnwgbv Avbvg
Rbbx mvnwmbx-1971 Avwbmyj nK
MYnZ¨v I MYKei †gv¯Ídv †nv‡mBb
cvwK¯Ívwb †Rbv‡i‡ji gb W. gybZvwmi gvgyb
GKvˇii ¯§„wZgq w`b¸wj Aa¨vwcKv †nvm‡b Aviv AvRv`
evsjv Mvbmg~n
Mvb K_v myi
Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi
evsjvi gvwU evsjvi Rj iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi
I Avgvi †`‡ki gvwU iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi
AvwR evsjv‡`‡ki ü`q n‡Z iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi
mv_©K Rbg Avgvi iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi
`yM©g wMwi KvšÍvi KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg
Avwg hy‡M hy‡M AvwmqvwQ KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg AwRZ ivq
GB wkKj civ Qj KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg
gv‡Mv fvebv †Kb ‡MŠixcÖmbœ gRyg`vi ‡ngšÍ gy‡Lvcva¨vq
evsjvi wn›`y evsjvi †eŠ× ‡MŠixcÖmbœ gRyg`vi mgi `vm
i‡³i cÖwZ‡kva i‡³ †be Avgiv Av‡cj gvngy` Av‡cj gvngy`
Zxi nviv GB †XD‡qi mvMi ‡Mvwe›` nvj`vi Av‡cj gvngy`
‡bv½i †Zvj †Zvj mgq bqxg Mni mgi `vm
‡mvbv †mvbv †mvbv †jv‡K e‡j Ave`yj jwZd Ave`yj jwZd
Avgiv c~‡e© cwð‡g knx`yjøv Kvqmvi AvjZvd gvngy`
RbZvi msMÖvg Pj‡eB wmKvb`vi Avey Rvdi ‡kL jyrdi ingvb
i³ wkgyj Zß cjvk AÁvZ ‡kL jyrdi ingvb
gv‡Mv †Zvgvi †mvbv gvwbK ivnvZ Lvb my‡L›`y PµeZx©
RbZvi gyL¸wj ivnvZ Lvb my‡L›`y PµeZx©
cZvKv Avgvi gv‡qi gy‡Li gZ KvRx †ivRx gBbyj Bmjvg Lvb
I‡i welg `Bivi †XD mvab ¸n mvab ¸n
weRq wbkvb Do‡Q IB knx`yj Bmjvg my‡Rq k¨vg
Av¸b wbfvBe †K †i m‡Z¨b †mb ‡kL jyrdi ingvb
j½i Qvwoqv bvI‡qi †` ‡ngv½ wek^vm ‡ngv½ wek^vm
I Avgvi evsjv gv †Zvi Aveyj Igivn †gvt dLiæwÏb AvjvDwÏb Avjx
wePvicwZ †Zvgvi wePvi Ki‡e mwjj †PŠayix mwjj †PŠayix
Pvlv‡`i gy‡U‡`i gRy‡ii Avjx gnwmb †iLv i_x›`ªbv_ ivq
I‡i gvwS †bŠKv †Q‡o †` knx` mv‡ei ‡kL jyrdi ingvb
cÖwZw`b †Zvgvq †`wL m~h©iv‡M gwbiæ¾vgvb gwbi ‡`ey fÆvPvh©¨
Iiv Avgv‡`i Mvb MvB‡Z †`q bv bvwRg wnKgZ Kgj miKvi
Rq evsjv evsjvi Rq MvRx gvRnviæj Av‡bvqvi Av‡bvqvi cvi‡fR
Av‡M Kx my›`i w`b KvUvBZvg kvn Ave`yj Kwig kvn Ave`yj Kwig
‡Kg‡b fzwje Avwg euvwP bv Zv‡i Qvov kvn Ave`yj Kwig kvn Ave`yj Kwig
Mvwo P‡j bv, P‡j bv, P‡j bv †i kvn Ave`yj Kwig kvn Ave`yj Kwig
Page 75 of 80
 e‡Ü gvqv jvMvB‡Q wcwiwZ wkLvB‡Q kvn Ave`yj Kwig kvn Ave`yj Kwig
Avwm e‡j †Mj eÜz AvBj bv kvn Ave`yj Kwig kvn Ave`yj Kwig
emšÍ evZv‡m mB †Mv emšÍ evZv‡m kvn Ave`yj Kwig kvn Ave`yj Kwig
Avgvi eÜzqv wen‡b †Mv m‡q bv civ‡b †Mv G‡Kjv N‡i _vK‡Z cvwi bv kvn Ave`yj Kwig kvn Ave`yj Kwig
AvBjv bv AvBjv bv‡i eÜz kvn Ave`yj Kwig kvn Ave`yj Kwig
i‡Oi `ywbqv †Zv‡i Pvq bv kvn Ave`yj Kwig kvn Ave`yj Kwig
Kwe-mvwnwZ¨K‡`i Rb¥ I g„Zz¨
bvg Rb¥¯’vb Rb¥ g„Zz¨
kvn gyn¤§` mMxi PÆMÖvg 14 kZK (AvbygvwbK) 15 kZK
(AvbygvwbK)
‡`ŠjZ DwRi evnivg Lvb d‡Znvev`, PÆMÖvg ‡lvok kZvãx -
AvjvIj ‡Rveiv, PÆMÖvg; gZvšÍ‡i d‡Zqvev`, dwi`cyi 1607 1680
Ck^iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi ‡gw`bxcyi, KjKvZv 1820 1891
gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë mvMi`uvwo, h‡kvi 1824 1873
`xbeÜz wgÎ ‡PŠ‡evwoqv MÖvg, b`xqv 1830 1873
wenvixjvj PµeZx© wbgZjv, KjKvZv 1835 1894
ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq KuvVvjcvov, cwðge½ 1838 1894
gxi gkviid ‡nv‡mb jvwnbxcvov, Kzwóqv 1847 1911
Kvq‡Kvev` beveMÄ, XvKv 1857 1951
iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi KjKvZv 7 †g 1861; 25 ˆekvL 1268 7 AvM÷ 1941;
22 kÖveY 1348
w؇R›`ªjvj ivq K…òbMi, b`xqv 1863 1913
kirP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq ‡`evb›`cyi, ûMwj 1876 1938
‡eMg †iv‡Kqv cvqive›`, iscyi 1880 1932
W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn PweŸk ciMbv, cwðge½ 1885 1969
wef~wZf~lY e‡›`¨vcva¨vq gyivwicyi, PweŸk ciMbv 1894 1950
‡Mvjvg †gv¯Ídv g‡bvnicyi MÖvg, ˆkjKzcv, wSbvB`n 1897 1964
Zvivk¼i e‡›`¨vcva¨vq jvfcyi MÖvg, exif~g 1898 1971
KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg Pziæwjqv, cwðge½ 24 †g 1899; 11 ‰R¨ô 1306 29 AvM÷
1976; 12 fv`ª
1383
Rxebvb›` `vk ewikvj (Avw` wbevm MvIcvov, weµgcyi) 1899 1954
Awgq PµeZx© kÖxivgcyi, cwðge½ 1901 1987
RmxgD`&`xb Zv¤^yjLvbv, dwi`cyi 1903 1976
Aveyj dRj mvZKvwbqv, PÆMÖvg 1903 1983
gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq `ygKv, wenvi 1908 1956
eyׇ`e emy Kzwgjøv 1908 1974
weòz †` KjKvZv 1909 1982
mywdqv Kvgvj kv‡q¯Ívev`, ewikvj 1911 1999
Avnmvb nvexe k¼icvkv MÖvg, wc‡ivRcyi 1917 1985
diiæL Avng` gvSAvBj MÖvg, h‡kvi 1918 1974
‰mq` IqvjxDjøvn ‡lvjkni, PÆMÖvg 1922 1971
gybxi †PŠayix gvwbKMÄ, ‰cZ…K wbevm †bvqvLvjx 1925 1971
myKvšÍ fÆvPvh© KvjxNvU, KjKvZv 1926 1947
knx`yjøv Kvqmvi gRycyi, †dbx 1927 1971
kvgmyi ivngbv gvûZUzwj, XvKv 1929 2006
Rwni ivqnvb gRycyi, †dbx 1935 1972 (wb‡LuvR
30 Rvby.
1972)
Avj gvngy` ‡gŠovBj, eªvþYevwoqv 1936 -
AvLZviæ¾vgvb Bwjqvm ‡MvwUqv, MvBevÜv 1943 1997
ûgvqyb AvRv` ivwoLvj, weµgcyi, gywÝMÄ 1947 2004
Page 76 of 80
 ûgvq~b Avn‡g` KzZzecyi, †b·Kvbv 1948 2012
iæ`ª gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn ewikvj 1956 1991

wewmGm weMZ cÖkœ

1. gyw³hy×wfwËK Dcb¨vm †KvbwU? [40Zg wewmGm]
K. GKwU Kv‡jv †g‡qi K_v L. †ZBk b¤^i ˆZjwPÎ
M. AvqbvgwZi cvjv N. BQvgZx DËi: K
2. gyw³hy‡×i cUf~wg‡Z iwPZ Kve¨MÖš’ †KvbwU? [38Zg wewmGm]
K. †bK‡o AiY¨ L. e›`x wkwei
M. wbwl× †jvevb N. wcÖq‡hv×v wcÖqZg DËi: L
3. gyw³hy×welqK bvUK- [36Zg wewmGm]
K. myePb wbe©vm‡b L. i³v³ cÖvšÍi
M. b~ij`x‡bi mviv Rxeb N. cv‡qi AvIqvR cvIqv hvq DËi: N
4. ÔgvwUi gqbvr Pjw”P‡Îi wbg©vZv †K? [35Zg wewmGm]
K. AvjgMxi Kwei L. ûgvq~b Avn‡g`
M. Zv‡iK gvmy` N. †kL wbqvgZ Avjx DËi: M
5. wb‡¤œv³ †Kvb Dcb¨v‡m evsjv‡`‡k gyw³hy‡×vËi mg‡qi wPÎ Aw¼Z n‡q‡Q?
[35Zg wewmGm]
K. †`‡ek iv‡qi ÔwZ¯Ívcv‡oi e„ËvšÍ
L. mybxj M‡½vcva¨v‡qi Ôc~e©-cwðgÕ
M. kx‡l©›` gy‡Lvcva¨v‡qi ÔhvI cvwLÕ
N. AwfwRr †m‡bi ÔiûPЇji nvoÕ DËi: L
6. gyw³hy×wfwËK Dcb¨vm †KvbwU? [34Zg wewmGm]
K. µxZ`v‡mi nvwm L. gvwU Avi AkÖæ
M. nvOi b`x †MÖ‡bW N. mv‡is eD DËi: M
7. fvlv Av‡›`vjbwfwËK bvUK †KvbwU? [34Zg wewmGm]
K. Kei L. cv‡qi AvIqvR cvIqv hvq
M. RwÛm I wewea †ejyb N. Iiv K`g Avjx DËi: K
8. evsjv‡`‡ki fvlv Av‡›`vjbwfwËK Dcb¨vm †KvbwU? [28Zg wewmGm]
K.AwMœmvÿx L. wP‡j‡KvVvi †mcvB
M. Av‡iK dvêyb N. A‡bK m~‡h©i Avkv DËi: M

9. ÔGKz‡k †deªæqvwiÕ cÖ_g msKj‡bi m¤úv`K †K? [20Zg wewmGm]

K. kIKZ Imgvb L. Rwni ivqnvb
M. Avãyj MwY nvRvix N. nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb DËi: N
10. 1952 mv‡ji 21 †deªæqvwii cUf~wg‡Z iwPZ ÔKeiÕ bvU‡Ki iPwqZv †K?
[18Zg wewmGm]
K. Kwei †PŠayix L. gybxi †PŠayix
M. ‰mq` kvgmyj nK N. gybZvmxi gvgyb DËi: L
11. gyw³hy×wbf©i iPbv †KvbwU? [32Zg wewmGm]
K. GBme w`bivwÎ L. b~ij`x‡bi mviv Rxeb
M. GKvˇii w`b¸wj N. mrgvby‡li †Lvu‡R DËi: M
12. ÔGKvˇii wPwVÕ- †Kvb RvZxq iPbv? [29Zg wewmGm]
K. gyw³hy‡×i weeiY L. gyw³hy×wfwËK Dcb¨vm
M.gyw³Ihvׇ`i cÎ msKjb N. wfbœagx© Wv‡qwi DËi: M
13. ÔivB‡dj †ivwU AvIivZÕ Dcb¨vm iPwqZv †K? [24Zg wewmGm]
K. nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb L. Rwni ivqnvb
M. knx`yjøvn Kvqmvi N. Av‡bvqvi cvkv DËi: N
14. ‡KvbwU gyw³hy×wfwËK Dcb¨vm? [20Zg wewmGm]
K. wP‡j‡KvVvi †mcvB L. Av¸‡bi cikgwY
M. GKvˇii w`b¸wj N. cv‡qi AvIqvR cvIqv hvq DËi: L
15. Ô`¨ wjev‡ikb Ae evsjv‡`kÕ MÖ‡š’i iPwqZv- [19Zg wewmGm]
K. iwdKzj Bmjvg L. ikx` Kwig

Page 77 of 80
M. †gRi †Rbv‡ij myKIqvšÍ wms N. K‡Y©j wmwÏK gvwjK DËi: M

evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ bvix

Zvmwjgv Kwei:
cÖw_Zhkv mvwnwZ¨K wn‡m‡e evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ bvix‡`i Ae`vb we‡kl ¯’vb `Lj K‡i Av‡Q| ‡gvUvgywU AvVv‡iv kZ‡Ki ga¨fvM n‡Z evsjv
mvwn‡Z¨ bvix‡`i Avwef©ve j¶¨ Kiv hvq| mvwn‡Z¨i wZbwU hy‡Mi g‡a¨ AvaywbK hy‡Mi gvSvgvwS mgq ‡_‡KB Avgiv mvwn‡Z¨ bvix‡`i
c`PviYv j¶¨ K‡i _vwK| ¸Yx gwnqmx wKQy bvix mvwnwZ¨K Zv‡`i m…wói ga¨ w`‡q Agi n‡q Av‡Qb| Ggwb wKQy c«wZfvai bvix
mvwnwZ¨K n‡jb........
bIqve dqRy‡bœmv
wÎcyiv ‡Rjvi cwðg MvuI‡q 1858 mv‡j wZwb Rb¥M«nY K‡ib| Zvi AmyLx `v¤úZ¨ Rxe‡bi Aemvb N‡U weevnwe‡”Q‡`i gva¨‡g| G mgq
wZwb mvwnZ¨ mvabvq cwic~Y© AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib| Zvi Agi mvwnZ¨KxwZ© ÒiƒcRvjvjÓ c«KvwkZ nq 1876 mv‡ji 10 ‡de&i“qvwi| GwU
Zvi AvZ¥Rxebxg~jK GKgvÎ Dcb¨vm|
¯^Y©Kygvix ‡`ex
evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ c«_g D‡jøL‡hvM¨ bvix mvwnwZ¨K wn‡m‡e ¯^YK
© ygvix ‡`ex cwiwPZ| 1855 mv‡j wZwb ‡Rvovmvu‡Kv VvKyi cwiev‡i Rb¥M«nY
K‡ib| iex›`«bv_ VvKy‡ii ‡P‡q wZwb cvuP eQ‡ii eo wQ‡jb| 1876 mv‡j Zvi c«_g Dcb¨vm Ò`xcwbe©vYÓ c«KvwkZ nq| evsjv mvwn‡Z¨
wZwb c«_g Jcb¨vwm‡Ki gh©v`v jvf K‡ib| wZwb bvUK, KweZv, Mvb I weÁvb welqK c«eÜ iPbv K‡i L¨vwZ AR©b K‡ib|
‡eMg ‡iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ ‡nv‡mb
iscyi ‡Rjvi cvqive›` M«v‡g 1880 mv‡j Rb¥M«nY K‡ib GB c«wZfvevb ‡jwLKv| i¶Ykxj cwiev‡i Rb¥M«nY K‡iI wb‡Ri `…p B”Qv I
gy³gbv ¯^vgx mvLvIqvZ ‡nv‡m‡bi mn‡hvwMZvq wZwb Zvi c«wZfv weKv‡ki my‡hvM cvb| evsjv, Bs‡iwR, D`©y fvlvq wZwb `¶Zv AR©b
K‡ib| ‡eMg ‡iv‡Kqvi mvwn‡Z¨ Zvi ev¯—e Rxe‡bi c«wZdjb ‡hgb N‡U‡Q ‡Zgwb mg mvgwqK hy‡Mi wPÎI dy‡U D‡V‡Q|Ó
Ae‡ivaevwmbx, gwZP~i, cÙivM, myjZvbvi ¯^cœ Zvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ M«š’|
kvgmyb bvnvi gvngy`
‡bvqvLvjx ‡Rjvi GK mg&åvš— gymwjg cwiev‡i 1908 mv‡j Rb¥M«nY K‡ib wZwb| wZwb AZ¨š— ‡gavex QvÎx wQ‡jb| evsjv‡`‡ki gymwjg
‡g‡q‡`i g‡a¨ wZwbB c«_g M«vRy‡qU| ‡Qv‡Uv ‡ejv‡ZB Zvi mvwnZ¨ c«wZfvi weKvk N‡U| W. gynv¤§` knx`yjøvn m¤úvw`Z ZrKvjxb
wK‡kvi cÎ ÒAvO&¸iÓ G Zvi ‡jLv KweZv c«KvwkZ nq| ‡iv‡Kqv Rxebx, ‡eMg gnj, wkïi wk¶v, Avgvi ‡`Lv Zyi¯‹, bRi“j‡K
‡hgb ‡`‡LwQ BZ¨vw` Zvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ iPbv|
‡eMg mywdqv Kvgvj
¯‹yj K‡j‡R Aa¨qb bv K‡i ‡Kej ¯^vgxi ms¯ú‡k© fvlv I mvwnZ¨ PP©vq L¨vwZ whwb AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb wZwbB ‡eMg mywdqv Kvgvj 1911 mv‡j
wZwb ewikv‡j Rb¥M«nY K‡ib| mvwnZ¨ PP©vi mv‡_ mv‡_ wZwb mvwnZ¨ iPbvI ïi“ K‡i ‡`b| 1926 mv‡j Zvi c«_g KweZv Òevmš—xÓ
ZrKvjxb c«fvekvjx mvgwqKx mIMv‡Z c«KvwkZ nq| G Qvov wZwb Mí, ågY Kvwnbx, c«eÜ I ¯§…wZK_vI iPbv K‡ib|
gvngy`v LvZyb wmwÏKv
my¯’ mvs¯‹…wZK cwiev‡i Rb¥M«nY Kiv GKRb ¸Yx ‡jwLKv n‡jb gvngy`v LvZyb wmÏxKv| 1906 mv‡j wZwb cvebv ‡Rjvq Rb¥M«nY K‡ib|
‰kk‡eB Zvi Kve¨ c«wZfvi weKvk N‡U| wØZxq ‡k«Yx‡Z cov Kv‡j wZwb c«_g KweZv ‡j‡Lb| gvÎ bq eQi eq‡m ÒAvj BmjvgÓ
cwÎKvq Zvi c«_g KweZv c«KvwkZ nq| Zvi c«_g Kve¨M«š’ n‡jv ÒcmvwiYxÓ 1938 mv‡j KjKvZv ‡_‡K c«KvwkZ nq|
KymygKygvix `vk
ÒAvgv‡`i ‡`‡k n‡e ‡mB ‡Q‡j K‡e
K_vq bv eo n‡q Kv‡R eo n‡e|Ó
c¼wZi mv‡_ hvi bvg Rwo‡q Av‡Q wZwb n‡jb Av‡iKRb L¨vwZgvb Kwe KymygKygvix `vk| 1875 mv‡j ewikv‡j wZwb Rb¥M«nY K‡ib|
iƒcmx evsjvi Kwe Rxebvb›` `v‡mi gvZv KymygKygvix `vk GK mgvRKg©xI wQ‡jb| Zvi KvjRqx G KweZv cvV¨eB‡q cov‡bv nq|
‡mwjbv ‡nv‡mb
1947 mv‡j ivRkvnx kn‡i Rb¥M«nY K‡ib ‡mwjbv ‡nv‡mb| GKB mv‡_ wZwb K_v mvwnwZ¨K, M‡elK Ges c«ewÜK| mvwn‡Z¨i wewPÎ avivq
Zvi kw³kvjx c`PviYv Avgiv ‡`L‡Z ‡c‡jI g~jZ wZwb Jcb¨vwmK wn‡m‡eB ‡ewk cwiwPZ| ‡cvKvgvK‡oi NiemwZ, nvOi b`x
‡M«‡bW, wbiš—i N›UvaŸwb, KvuUvZv‡ii c«RvcwZ, hvwcZ Rxeb Zvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Dcb¨vm|
bxwjgv Be«vwng
1921 mv‡j Lyjbv ‡Rjvq Rb¥M«nY K‡ib bxwjgv Be«vwng| ‡`k, ‡`‡ki gvbyl, ¯^vaxbZv BZ¨vw` welq¸‡jv PgrKvifv‡e dywU‡q Zy‡j‡Qb wZwb
Zvi ‡jLwb‡Z| ÒAvwg exi½bv ejwQÓ Zvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ c«eÜ| wek kZ‡Ki ‡g‡q, GK c_ `yB evuK, ‡Kqv eb mÂvwiYx Zvi Dcb¨vm|
`y‡q `y‡q Pvi nq, ‡h Ai‡Y¨ Av‡jv ‡bB Zvi iwPZ bvUK| Zvi GKgvÎ AvZ¥Rxebxg~jK ‡jLv n‡jv Òwe›`y wemM©Ó|
G QvovI evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ Av‡iv A‡bK c«wZfvevb bvix mvwnwZ¨K i‡q‡Qb hviv Zv‡`i ¶yiavi ‡jLbxi gva¨‡g K…wZ‡Z¡i ¯^v¶i ‡i‡L ‡M‡Qb|
‡Kej evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ bq wek¦mvwn‡Z¨I bvix‡`i me©Rbwew`Z| bvixev`x AvR‡Ki mgv‡R bvixi h_vh_ g~j¨vqb n‡j G c«wZfvi weKvk
Ae¨vnZ _vK‡Z cv‡i| RvZxq Kwe KvRx bRi“‡ji fvlvq.....
ÒÁv‡bi j¶&gx, Mv‡bi j¶&gx, kl¨-j¶x bvix
mylg-j¶&gx bvixIB wdwi‡Q iƒ‡c iƒ‡c mÂvix|Ó
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ evsjv cÖeÜKvi I cÖeÜ
cÖeÜKvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cÖeÜ
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 ‡eMg †iv‡Kqv gywZPzi, Ae‡ivaevwmbx
W. bxwjgv Beªvwng kir cÖwZfv, evOvjxgvbm I evsjv mwnZ¨
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ ågYKvwnwb
iPwqZv ågbKvwnwb
mywdqv Kvgvj ‡mvwf‡q‡Zi w`b¸wj
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ evsjv Kwe I Kve¨MÖš’
Kwe Kve¨MÖš’
Kvwgbx ivq (1864-1933) Av‡jv I Qvqv (1889)
¯^Y©Kzgvix †`ex (1855-1932) KweZv I Mvb (1895), Mv_v (1927)
mywdqv Kvgvj (1911-1999) mvu‡Si gvqv (1938), AxfhvwÎK (1969)
‡eMg mywdqv Kvgvj
Kve¨MÖš’ mvu‡Si gvqv (1938), gb I Rxeb (1957), D`vË c„w_ex (1964), AwfhvwÎK (1969), †gvi hv`y‡`i mgvwa c‡i
(1972), gvqv KvRj (1951)
Mí ‡Kqvi KvuUv (1937)
ågYKvwnbx ‡mvwf‡q‡Zi w`b¸wj (1968)
wkï‡Zvl MÖš’ BZj weZj (1965), bIj wK‡kv‡ii `iev‡i (1982)
AvZ¥Rxebx GKv‡j Avgv‡`i Kvj (1988)|
¯§„wZK_v GKvˇii Wv‡qwi (1989)|
‡mwjbv †nv‡mb
Dcb¨vm R‡jv”Q¡vm (1972), nv½i b`x †MÖ‡bW (1976), gMœ ˆPZ‡b¨ wkm (1979), hvwcZ Rxeb (1981), bxj gq~‡ii †hŠeb
(1983), †cvKvgvK‡oi NiemwZ (1986), MvqÎx mܨv (1g 1994, 2q 1995, 3q 1996)
MíMÖš’ Drm †_‡K wbi¯Íi (1969), RjeZx †g‡Ni evZvm (1975), †Lvj KiZvj (1982), gvbylwU (1993), gwZRv‡bi
†g‡qiv (1995Ñ, gyw³hy‡×i Mí (2000)
cÖeÜ MÖš’ ¯^‡`‡k cievmx (1985), GKvˇi XvKv (1990), wbf©q K‡iv †n (1998)
wkïmvwnZ¨ mvMi (1991), KvKZvo–qv (1996), eY©gvjvi Mí (1997), AvKvkcix (2000), †gq‡ii Mvwo (2003)

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