Acquisition- The development of a learned response

Associative Learning- The formation of associations or connections among stimuli

and behaviors
Aversion Therapy- An application of counterconditioning in which a conditioned
stimulus formerly paired with a pleasurable unconditioned stimulus is paired with an
unpleasant unconditioned stimulus
Classical Conditioning- A type of learning in which associations are formed between
two stimuli that occur sequentially in time
Conditioned Reinforcer- A reinforcer that gains value from being associated with
other things that are valued; also known as a secondary reinforcer
Conditioned Response- A response learned through classical conditioning
Conditioned Stimulus- An environmental event whose significance is learned through
classical conditioning
Discrimination- A learned ability to distinguish between stimuli
Extinction- The reduction of a learned response
Fixed Interval Schedule- A schedule of reinforcement in which the first response
following a specified interval is reinforced
Fixed Ratio Schedule- A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement
occurs following a set number of behaviors
Generalization- The tendency to respond to stimuli that are similar to an original
conditioned stimulus
Habituation- A simple form of learning in which reactions to repeated stimuli that
are unchanging and harmless decrease
Higher Order Conditioning- Learning in which stimuli associated with a conditioned
stimulus also elicit conditioned responses
Imitation- Copying behavior that is unlikely to occur naturally and spontaneously
Inhibition-A feature of classical conditioning in which a conditioned stimulus predicts
the nonoccurrence of an unconditioned stimulus
Latent Inhibition- The slower learning that occurs when a conditioned stimulus (CS)
is already familiar compared to when the CS is unfamiliar
Latent Learning- Learning that occurs in the absence of reinforcement
Method of Successive Approximations- A method for increasing the frequency of
behaviors that never or rarely occur
Negative Punishment- A method for reducing behavior by removing something
desirable whenever the target behavior occurs
Negative Reinforcement- A method for increasing behaviors that allow an organism
to escape or avoid an unpleasant consequence
Observational Learning- Learning that occurs when one organism watches the
actions of another organism
Operant Conditioning- A type of learning in which associations are formed between
behaviors and their outcomes
Partial Reinforcement Effect in Extinction- The more rapid extinction observed
following continuous reinforcement compared to that following partial
reinforcement
Partial Reinforcement- The reinforcement of a desired behavior on some
occasions but not others
Reflex- An inevitable, involuntary response to stimuli
Sensitization- An increased reaction to many stimuli following exposure to one
strong stimulus
Spontaneous Recovery- During extinction training, the reappearance of conditioned
responses after periods of rest
Token Economy- An application of operant conditioning in which tokens that can be
exchanged for other reinforcers are used to increase the frequency of
desirable behaviors
Unconditioned Response- A response to an unconditioned stimulus that requires no
previous experience
Unconditioned Stimulus- A stimulus that elicits a response without prior experience
Variable Interval Schedule- A schedule of reinforcement in which the first
response following a varying period is reinforced
Variable Ratio Schedule- A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement
occurs following some variable number of behaviors