Transformer Protection

TATA CONSULTING ENGINEERS SECTION: TITLE
TCE. M6-EL-PI-G- SHEET ( i ) OF (iii)

TF-6508 PROTECTION OF TRANSFORMERS
PROTECTION OF TRANSFORMERS
TATA CONSULTING ENGINEERS

73/1, ST. MARK’S ROAD
BANGALORE 560 001
FLOPPY NO : TCE.M6-EL-FP-DOC-005
FILE NAME : M6-6508.DOC
REV.NO RO R1 ISSUE
INITIALS SIGN INITIALS SIGN INITIALS SIGN INITIALS SIGN
PPD.BY PVD Sd/- DB Sd/-
CKD.BY CPS Sd/- SJH Sd/- R1
APP.BY DKB Sd/- UAK Sd/-
DATE 1982-10-30 1999-01-22
FORM NO. 020R2

SECTION:CONTENTS
TCE.M6-EL-PI-G-TF- SHEET (ii) OF (iii)
6508 PROTECTION OF TRANSFORMERS
CONTENTS
CLAUSE NO. DESCRIPTION SHEET NO.
1.0 SCOPE 1
2.0 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 1
3.0 DISCUSSIONS 18
TABLES
TABLE-1 PROTECTION OF TWO WINDING

TRANSFORMERS OF 500 TO 5000 KVA 2
RATING

TRANSFORMERS OF 5000 TO 10,000 KVA
RATING 6

TRANSFORMERS OF MORE THAN 10,000 KVA
RATING 10
TABLE-4 PROTECTION OF THREE WINDING

TRANSFORMERS 14
TABLE-5 PROTECTION OF AUTO TRANSFORMERS 16
TABLE-6 PROTECTION OF EARTHING TRANSFORMERS 18
APPENDIX
APPENDIX-1 TRANSFORMERS OF 500 KVA AND BELOW 24

PROVIDED WITH FUSES ON H.V. SIDE
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TCE.M6-EL-PI-G-TF- SHEET (iii) OF (iii)
REVISION STATUS SHEET
REV NO. DATE DESCRIPTION
R1 1998-12-15 DOC. GENERALLY REVISED
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TCE.M6-EL-PI-G-TF- SHEET 1 OF 24
1.0 SCOPE
This guide gives recommended protections for two winding or three

winding transformers, auto transformers and earthing transformers
which are controlled by circuit breakers and protected by relays.
Protection of transformers provided with fuses on HV side is
covered separately in Appendix-1.
2.0 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE
Transformers are classified into the following groups for the

purpose of defining their protection requirements (which are given
in the tables to follow)
2.1 Two winding transformers
(a) Transformers of rating 500 to 5000 kVA – Table-1
(b) Transformers of rating 5000 to 10000 kVA – Table-2
(c) Transformers of rating 10,000 kVA and above – Table-3
2.2 Three winding transformers of all ratings – Table-4.

Generally such transformers do not have ratings below 10,000 kVA
in practical applications.
2.3 Auto-transformers of all ratings – Table-5.

These are generally used as interconnecting transformers between
two system voltages such as 220 kV to 110 kV.
2.4 Earthing transformers of all ratings – Table-6

Ratings of earthing transformers are decided by desired ground
fault level of the system to which they are connected.
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TABLE – 1
PROTECTION OF TWO WINDING TRANSFORMERS OF

500 TO 5000 kVA RATING
SR. DESCRIPTION DEVICE DETAILS SETTING REMARKS

NO. NO. RANGE
1.1 Instantaneous ‘50’ Instantaneous Range 500 In case of low ratio CTs –
high set over over current to 2000% say 200/1A & less in a high
current relay should fault level system of say 40
protection for be provided on kA, (i.e. CT sec. side fault
phase faults on all three current ≥200 XIs) a separate
HV side (source phases, o/c protection CT core with
side) relay should higher ratio to be used for
have low ‘50’ to avoid CT saturation
transient over- Alternatively inst. over
reach of less current relays may be
than 5% and connected directly to the
high drop off main CT whose ratio is
to pick up ratio selected with due regard to
sensitivity to terminal faults.
Time delayed over current
relays may be connected to
sec. side of an aux. CT of
suitable ratio & knee point.
The pry of aux. CT will be in
services with the
instantaneous overcurrent
relays
1.2 Backup ‘51’ Relay should Range 50 Though very inverse time
overcurrent be provided on to 200% characteristic is preferred,
protection for all three for proper coordination,
phase faults on phases. Relay normal inverse curve may
HV side should have have to be used if the same
very inverse has been used on the LV
normal time side incomer.
characteristics In genral the characteristic
of the relays should be
selected to give fast &
selective tripp-ing through
proper gradation. As far as
possible use relays with
similar characteristic on both
sides of the transformers
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TABLE – 1 (cont’d)

NO. NO. RANGE
1.3 Ground fault ‘50N’ Applicable only for Range 20- Consider 3 phase fault
protection on delta connected 80% for on secondary terminals
HV side winding on HV effectively of transformer for
side earthed selection of stabilising
Instantaneous system. resistor
overcurrent relay 10-40% for
connected in system with
residual mode ground fault
should have current
series stabilising limited to
resistor to ensure rated
stability for current /
magnetising impedance
inrush currents earthed
and LV through system
fault currents. For
high impedance
earthed system
the relay shall be
with adjustable
time delay of 01. –
1 sec. and shall
be connected to
core balance C.T.
1.4 Backup ground ‘51N’ Applicable for star Range 20-
fault protection connected HV 80% for
on HV side winding. Normal effectively
inverse time earthed
characteristic relay system and
connected in 10-40% for
residual mode is system with
recommended ground fault
current
limited to
rated
current
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NO. NO. RANGE
1.5 Backup over ‘51’ Protection should 50-200% See discussions for
current be provided on all use of breaker series
protection on three phases. Very trips in place of these
LV side for inverse time relays in case of 415V
phase faults characteristics systems
recommended for
co-ordination with
relay protected out-
going feeders and
extremely inverse
time characteristics
to be used when
co-ordination with
fuse protected
feeders is required
1.6 Backup ground ‘51N’ Protection to be 20-80% See discussion for
fault protection connected to CT in Neutral CT 415V systems where
for LV systems the transformer ratio shall outgoing feeders are
with neutral neutral connection. be same as provided with fuses
directly earthed Normal inverse time that of and LV circuit breaker
characteristic relay phase CTs is provided with series
is recommended. trip device
This protection is
required even
where all the
outgoing feeders
are fuse protected.
1.7 Standby ground ‘515N’ Relay to be 10-40% Relay time setting
fault protection connected to CT ratio should be co-ordinated
for LV system neutral CT. Long same as with short time rating of
with neutral inverse time phase CTs grounding resistance
earthed through characteristic relay if Ig ≥ Irated
low resistances is recommended. In other
(Relay 51N above cases
may either be select CT
deleted or ratio based
connected to on ground
residual connection fault current
of phase CTs if Ig < value
IR Range 10
to 40%
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NO. NO. RANGE
1.8 Gas protection ‘63G’ Two stages buchholz For transformers
relay with one alarm protected by fuse, trip
stage and one stage without any
tripping stage. This is switching device
supplied along with cannot be used as
the transformer. tripping device is not
Each stage will available. Only alarm
actuate an auxiliary stage may be used.
relay with four pairs
of self reset contacts
(Alarm) or Hand
reset contacts (Trip)
1.9 Transformer oil ‘OTI’ Oil temperature These are optional
temperature trip indicators are usually items depending on
provided with two transfomer rating and
contacts, one for applications
alarm on “Oil
temperature high”
and other for trip on
“Oil temperature very
high”
1.10 Transformer WTI Winding temp.
winding indicators are - DO -
temperature trip provided with two
stages, one for alarm
on ‘winding temp.
high’ and the other
for trip on ‘winding
temperature very
high’
1.11 Oil pressure trip PRD Pressure relief This will be provided
device supplied with for transformers above
the transformer shall 2500 kVA.
be provided with
auxiliary relay with
four pairs of hand
reset contacts for
tripping
NOTE: 1. Items 1.8, 1.9 & 1.11 are not applicable for dry type transformers.
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TABLE – 2
PROTECTION OF TWO WINDING TRANSFORMERS OF

5000 TO 10,000 kVA RATING

NO. NO. RANGE
2.1 Differential ‘87T’ Relay should be Refer
protection connected on all three discussions
phases. Relay should regarding
incorporate harmonic
restraints for
(a) Adjustable magnetic inrush
percentage biasing currents.
for through fault
stability and tap
changing
conditions.
(b) Harmonic restraint /

zero current sensing
to provide stability
against magnetising
inrush currents.
(c) Auxiliary CTs on

both sides for ratio
matching and
compensation of
mismatch of line
CTs
2.2 Instantaneous ‘50’ Same as item 1.1 Range 500- Same as in 1.1
short circuit 2000%
protection for
phase faults on
HV side
2.3 Backup over 51 Same as item 1.2 Range 50- Same as in 1.1
current 200%
protection for
phase faults on
HV side
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NO. NO. RANGE
2.4 Earth fault 50N Applicable only for delta 20-80% for
protection on connected HV. effectively
HV side Protection same as item earthed
1.3 systems and
10-40% for
low resistance
earthed
system
2.5 Backup earth 51N Applicable only for star 20-80% for
fault protection connected HV side. effectively
on HV side Same as item 1.4 earthed
system and
10-40% for
system with
low resistance
earthing
2.6 Backup 51 Same as item 1.5 50-200%
overcurrent
protection on
LV side for
phase faults
2.7 Backup ground 51N Relay to be connected 20-80% for
fault protection to neutral CT. CT ratioeffectively
for LV side same as phase CTs earthed
when Ig ≥IR system and
10-40% for
system with
low resistance
earthing
2.8 Restricted earth ‘64’ CT ratio for phase and 10-40% Design
fault protection neutral CTs should be range, Stand. stabilising
of LV side same values of resistance value
when LV stabilising on the basis of 3
neutral is resistor are phase through
grounded 50 ohm for 5 fault. RCT
through low A CT and 200 should be kept
resistance ohm for 1 A low to limit value
CT of Vk &
stabilising
resistor.
Recommended
setting is 10%.
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NO. NO. RANGE
2.9 Standby earth ‘515N’ Relay connected to CT ratio same Relay time
fault protection neutral CT. Long as phase CTs setting should
for LV side inverse time if Ig ≥ IR. In be co-ordinated
when neutral is characteristic relay is other cases with short time
grounded recommended. (Relay select CT rating of
through low ‘51N’ in 2.8 above ratio based grounding
resistance should be connected to on designed resistance
residual connection of ground fault
phase CTs in this case) current value.
Range 10-
40%
2.10 Gas protection 63G Same as 1.8
2.11 Winding
temperature trip WTI Same as item 1.10
2.12 Transformer oil
temperature DTI Same as item 1.9
high
2.13 Oil pressure trip PRD Same as item 1.11
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TABLE – 3
PROTECTION OF TWO WINDING TRANSFORMERS OF RATING

MORE THAN 10,000 KVA

NO. NO. RANGE
3.1 Differential ‘87T’ Relay should be
protection connected on all three
phases. Relay shall
be high speed type
incorporating
(a) 2nd & 5th harmonic

restraint / zero
current sensing
for magnetising
inrush currents
(b) Adjustable
percentage bias
for through fault
stability
(c) Auxiliary CT on
both sides for
ratio matching
and
compensation for
line CT mismatch
(d) High set

instantaneous
unit in differential
circuit
3.2 Instantaneous ‘50’ Same as item 1.1 Range (i) This
short circuit 500- protection shall not
protection for 2000% provided for
phase faults on generator transfor-
HV side mers
(ii) Same as in 1.1
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NO. NO. RANGE
3.3 Backup ‘51’ Same as item 1.2 Range 50-
overcurrent 200%
protection for
phase faults on
HV side
3.4 Instantaneous ‘50N’ Applicable only when Range 20-
ground fault HV is delta connected 80% for
protection on HV Same as item 1.3 effectively
side earthed
system
and 10-
40% for
system
with
ground
fault
currents
limited to
rated
current/
impedance
earthed
systems
3.5 Backup ground 51N Applicable for star Range 20-
fault protection connected HV 80% for
on HV side winding effectively
Same as item 1.4 earthed
system
and 10-
40% for
systems
with limited
ground
fault
current
3.6 Backup phase ‘51’ Same as item 1.5 Range 50-
overcurrent 200%
protection for
phase faults on
LV side
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NO. NO. RANGE
3.7 Backup ‘51N’ Same as item 2.7 Range 20-
overcurrent 80% for
protection for effectively
ground fault on earthed
LV side system
and 10-
40% for
system
with low
resistance
earthing
3.8 Restricted earth ‘64’ Same as item 2.8 10-40%
fault protection range
of LV side when
LV neutral is
grounded
through low
resistance
3.9 Standby earth ‘51SN’ Same as item 2.9 Relay time setting to
fault protection be co-ordinated with
of LV side when short time rating of
LV neutral is resistor
grounded
through low
resistance
3.10 Gas protection 63G Same as 1.8
3.11 Winding WTI Same as item 1.10
temperature trip
3.12 Transformer oil DTI Same as item 1.9
temperature trip
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TABLE – 4
PROTECTION OF THREE WINDING TRANSFORMERS

NO. NO. RANGE
4.1 Differential 87T Relay should be
protection connected to all
three phases.
Relay shall have
bias from all the
three windings. If
tertiary is not
loaded and brought
out, then the bias
shall be taken from
HV & LV sides
only. Other
requirements same
as 3.1
4.2 Short circuit ‘50’ Same as item 1.1 Range 500-
protection with 2000%
instantaneous
o/c relays on HV
side (source
side)
4.3 Backup ‘51’ Same as item 1.2 Range 50-
overcurrent 200%
protection for
phase faults on
HV side
4.4 Instantaneous ‘50N’ Applicable only for Range 20-
ground fault delta connected 80% for
protection on HV HV winding effectively
side Same as item 1.3 earthed
system and
10-40% for
systems with
restricted
ground fault
current
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NO. NO. RANGE
4.5 Backup ground 51N Applicable for star Range 20-80%
fault protection connected HV for effectively
on HV side winding earthed system
Same as item 1.4 and 10-40% for
systems with
limited ground
fault current
4.6 Backup o/c ‘51’ Same as item 1.5 Range 50-200% Both LV windings
protection on LV shall have
side, for phase separate
faults protections
4.7 Backup o/c ‘51N’ Same as item 2.7 Range 20-80% or
protections for 10-40% - do -
ground fault on depending on
LV side available fault
current
4.8 Restricted E/F Same as item 2.8 10-40% range
protection of LV ‘64’ - do -
side when LV is
grounded
through a
resistance
4.9 Standby E/F
protection when ‘51SN’ Same as item 2.9 - do -
LV is grounded
through a
resistance
4.10 Gas protections 63G Two stage
Buchholz
protection is part of
transformer
Same as 1.8
4.11 Winding
4.12 Oil temperature
trip OTI Same as item 1.9
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TABLE – 5
PROTECTION OF AUTO-TRANSFORMERS

NO. NO. RANGE
5.1 Differential ‘87T’ Relay to be connected
protection on all three phases.
High speed, harmonic
restraint, percentage
bias differential relays
are to be used.
If tertiary winding is
brought out for
loading, additional
bias from this side
also to be provided
5.2 Restricted E/F Alt:1 7CT method – Single
protection ‘64’ See fig.1 phase
All CT ratios should instantaneo
be identical us current
operated Specify value
relay. of stabilising
Alt-2 9CT method – Range 20- resistor taking
See fig.2 80% RCT into
All CT ratios should account
be equal. One CT is Three phase
required on each instantaneo
phase at neutral end us current
of common winding. operated
This alternative also relay
covers phase faults Range 20-
inside transformers 80%
5.3 Backup overcurrent 67/51- Protection shall be 3 relays –
protection for phase 50 provided on all one per
faults (Directional) phases. phase.
on HV side Directionalisation is Range 50-
required as power 200% for
flow can be both inverse
ways. Additional high current
set instantaneous unit element and
can be provided to 500-2000%
clear internal faults for high set
unit
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NO. NO. RANGE
5.4 Backup o/c 67/51N Directionalisation is
protection for required as current Directional
ground faults flow can be in both o/c relay
(Directional) on HV directions. Range 20-
side Adopt potential 80%
polarisation
5.5 Backup o/c Directional
protection for phase 67/51- Similar to 5.3 above o/c relay - 3
faults on LV side 50 relays
(Directional) Range 50-
200% for
inverse time
o/c & 500-
2000% for
high set unit
5.6 Backup o/c Range 20-
protection for 67/51N Same as item 5.4 80%
ground faults
(Directional)
5.7 Overload relay (for To be connected to Definite
alarm) for HT 50/OL HT line CTs to time o/c
winding monitor HT winding relay.
current Range 50-
200%
Time 1-10
sec.
High DO/Pu
ratio
5.8 Overload relay (for To be connected to
alarm) for common 50/OL CTs at the neutral - do -
winding end of phase winding
5.9 Gas protection Two stage Buchholz
63G protection is part of
transformer
Same as 1.8
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NO. NO. RANGE
5.10 Winding
5.11 Oil temperature trip OTI Same as item 1.9
5.13 For very large
transformer (above
100 MVA) compre-
hensive numerical
protection in one
group &
conventional
protection in another
group shall be
provided
5.14 Over fluxing
protection (for grid
transformers)
5.15 In cases where
trans-formers are
continuously
operated at full load,
and in addition, are
likely to be
subjected to short
time overloads,
(which may raise the
winding temp. to
more than 100°C
temp. time
integrators should
be provided to
enable estimation of
degree of aging.
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TABLE – 6
PROTECTION OF EARTHING TRANSFORMERS

NO. NO. RANGE
6.1 Instantaneous ‘50’ Relay should be Instantaneous The CTs should
o/c protection provided on all three o/c relay be connected in
phases of the Range 20-80% Delta
earthing transformer
6.2 Gas protections ‘63G’ Two stage gas
protection is a part of
transformer.
Same as item 1.8
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3.0 DISCUSSIONS
3.1 Transformers below 500 kVA are generally used for distribution
systems and are usually protected by fuses. Hence this range of
power rating is not included in the recommendations. Appendix-1
gives such a typical system for general guidance. For particular
applications where H.V. circuit breakers are provided table I may
be followed. LV side of the transformers may have circuit breakers
or fuses. In case of fuses, LV backup overcurrent and ground fault
protections are not applicable.
3.2 Ground fault protections to be provided for the transformers depend

on the type of earthing of the systems to which the transformer is
connected and also the way in which transformer neutrals are
grounded. Following types of system earthing are possible.
(a) Effective earthing
(b) System neutral earthed through a resistance to limit the fault

current to a value equal to the rating of the transformer. In
some cases this limit may be further reduced to provide only
adequate current for ground fault relaying.
(c) System neutral earthed through resistance loaded distribution

transformer to limit ground fault current to very small values.
Earthing discussed in (c) above is usually adopted in power

station for unit and station transformer earthing. In this case
two types of relaying are possible.
(i) To provide ground fault alarm by a voltage relay

connected across the resistor of grounding transformer
secondary. No further discriminative ground fault relaying
is done on outgoing feeders.
(ii) To provide sensitive core balance CTs on the outgoing

feeders in addition to the voltage relay in (i) above and
ensure time discrimination on the voltage relay. This
scheme is adopted in TCE power station practice. The
ground fault current available depends on the total
capacitance in the connected system. Core balance CTs
are specified to give a primary sensitivity of 5 to 10 A. In
such systems the outgoing transformer feeders should be
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provided with core balance CTs and instantaneous over

current relays for ground fault protection in place of
‘50N’ and ‘51N’ relays. A small time delay of 50 – 100
min is desirable.
3.3 Most of the indigenous make differential relays do not incorporate

ratio matching taps in the relay. Hence separate auxiliary CTs
should be provided wherever adopted relays do not have this built-
in facility. Even with built-in ratio matching feature in therelay
auxiliar CTs are required for vector correction.
3.4 Protections recommended in tables 1 to 4 are on the basis that the

source is connected to HV side of transformer only. Most of the
applications fall under this category and hence the generalisation.
If particular applications have additional source on the LV side also
then backup over current protection for phase faults on the LV side
should be made directional over current protection. Additional
directional ground fault protection should be added and connected
to residual connections of the phase CTs.
3.5 When two transformers are operated in parallel, and they are not
provided with differential protection, directional over current phase
and ground fault relaying mentioned in 3.4 should be provided for
selective isolation of faulty transformer (internal fault).
3.6 Transformers of smaller rating usually have percentage impedance

value of about 5%. The current for secondary three phase fault in
this case will be 20 times rated current. The instantaneous phase
over current relay on HV side should be set atleast 1.5 times this
value. Since the maximum setting is 2000%, CT ratio will have to
be increased to reach this setting. Phase over current elements
have 50-200% range thus permitting the raised CT ratio.
3.7 A common high speed, hand reset trip relay should be used for
simultaneous tripping of both HV and LV breakers whenever the
protections operate.
3.8 Buchholz trip should be routed through a shunt connected auxiliary

relay with hand reset contacts. The auxiliary relays shall provide
necessary flag indication.
3.9 Winding temperature, alarm and trip, oil temperature alarm & trip
normally form part of transformer and are covered here for the sake
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of completeness. These trips also should be routed through

auxiliary relays to obtain flag indication / remote indication.
3.10 In case of transformers feeding to 415 V auxiliary supply system,
the LV side may be provided with time delayed electromagnetic
releases for short circuit protection and thermal overload relays in
place of CT connected time over current protections. In such
systems where secondary neutral is directly grounded, no separate
ground fault relaying is envisaged. Under the presumption that the
phase connected releases will operate for ground faults also, since
fault current is not limited by neutral resistances. Even with all fuse
protected O/G feeders it is desirable to have E/F relay 51N.
(a) For transformers with solidly earthed neutral residually

connected earth fault relay shall be provided.
(b) For transformers with resistance earthed neutral to restrict

earth fault current to about rated current of the transformer,
residually connected earth fault relay or earth fault relay
connected to transformer neutral CT or core balance CT shall
be provided.
(c) For transformers with resistance earthed neutral to restrict

earth fault current to a very low value (5 A or 10 A).
Earth fault relay connected directly across the NGR or across

the loading resistor on the secondary of the earthing
transformer shall be providwed . Relay may be wired only for
alarm, but in cases where transformer feeder extensive
cabling, each outgoing feeder should be protected additionally
by an earth fault relay connected to a core balance CT. In this
case the earth fault relay of each feeder is wired to trip the
feeder.
All the earth fault relays should be either inverse time or

definite time relays and where connected to trip are to be
graded with earth fault relays or fuses provided for the
outgoing feeders.
(d) For Delta connected transformers either an instantaneous

residually connected earth fault relay with a suitable
stabilising resistor or a time delayed earth fault relay shall be
provided. This relay need not be graded with earth fault relays
or fuses on the outgoing feeders but should have adequate
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time delay to prevent its operation during magnetising inrush

current.
3.7 (a) Differential & restricted earth fault protection for star connected
windings can be combined for transformer upto 63 MVA or 132
kV. If earthing transformers are provided these can be included
in the REF scheme. Earthing transformer can also be covered
by the differential protection.
(b) Differential & restricted earth fault protection should be

separately provided for transformer of rating greater than 63
MVA or for all 220 kV / 400 kV transformers. REF protection
uses bushing CTs while differential protection uses transformer
yard CTs. Double wound transformer should have REF
protection for both the windings.
(c) Large auto transformer should be provided with REF protection

using nine (9) CTs.
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Transformer Protection

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TATA CONSULTING ENGINEERS SECTION: TITLE

TCE. M6-EL-PI-G- SHEET ( i ) OF (iii)

TATA CONSULTING ENGINEERS

INITIALS SIGN INITIALS SIGN INITIALS SIGN INITIALS SIGN

PPD.BY PVD Sd/- DB Sd/-

CKD.BY CPS Sd/- SJH Sd/- R1

APP.BY DKB Sd/- UAK Sd/-

DATE 1982-10-30 1999-01-22

FORM NO. 020R2

CLAUSE NO. DESCRIPTION SHEET NO.

2.0 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 1

TABLE-1 PROTECTION OF TWO WINDING

TABLE-2 PROTECTION OF TWO WINDING

TABLE-3 PROTECTION OF TWO WINDING

TABLE-4 PROTECTION OF THREE WINDING

TABLE-5 PROTECTION OF AUTO TRANSFORMERS 16

TABLE-6 PROTECTION OF EARTHING TRANSFORMERS 18

APPENDIX-1 TRANSFORMERS OF 500 KVA AND BELOW 24

FORM NO. 120 R1

REVISION STATUS SHEET

REV NO. DATE DESCRIPTION

R1 1998-12-15 DOC. GENERALLY REVISED

FORM NO. 120 R1

This guide gives recommended protections for two winding or three

2.0 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE

Transformers are classified into the following groups for the

2.1 Two winding transformers

(a) Transformers of rating 500 to 5000 kVA – Table-1

(b) Transformers of rating 5000 to 10000 kVA – Table-2

(c) Transformers of rating 10,000 kVA and above – Table-3

2.2 Three winding transformers of all ratings – Table-4.

2.3 Auto-transformers of all ratings – Table-5.

2.4 Earthing transformers of all ratings – Table-6

FORM NO. 120 R1

PROTECTION OF TWO WINDING TRANSFORMERS OF

SR. DESCRIPTION DEVICE DETAILS SETTING REMARKS

FORM NO. 120 R1

SR. DESCRIPTION DEVICE DETAILS SETTING REMARKS

FORM NO. 120 R1

SR. DESCRIPTION DEVICE DETAILS SETTING REMARKS

FORM NO. 120 R1

FORM NO. 120 R1

PROTECTION OF TWO WINDING TRANSFORMERS OF

SR. DESCRIPTION DEVICE DETAILS SETTING REMARKS

(b) Harmonic restraint /

(c) Auxiliary CTs on

FORM NO. 120 R1

SR. DESCRIPTION DEVICE DETAILS SETTING REMARKS

FORM NO. 120 R1

SR. DESCRIPTION DEVICE DETAILS SETTING REMARKS

FORM NO. 120 R1

PROTECTION OF TWO WINDING TRANSFORMERS OF RATING

SR. DESCRIPTION DEVICE DETAILS SETTING REMARKS

(a) 2nd & 5th harmonic

(d) High set

FORM NO. 120 R1

FORM NO. 120 R1

FORM NO. 120 R1

PROTECTION OF THREE WINDING TRANSFORMERS

SR. DESCRIPTION DEVICE DETAILS SETTING REMARKS

FORM NO. 120 R1

SR. DESCRIPTION DEVICE DETAILS SETTING REMARKS

FORM NO. 120 R1