Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1
INTRODUCTION
Hand soap is a common thing found at home, it helps us keep our hands clean after
activities, before eating and after eating. It helps remove dirt, bacteria, and other harmful germs
that are in our hands and helps keep us sick free. Dishwashing liquid is also a common item in
households, for it is an important and helpful aid in dishwashing making our plates, utensils, and
glasses clean and free from harmful bacteria that we might end up mixing in our food and eating,
causing us to get sick. However, dishwashing liquid is not actually advised in using to clean your
hands. It contains far more powerful cleaning agents that can effectively remove any junk and
clean the dishes but it is also too powerful for our hands. If we constantly use dishwashing liquid
in our hands we may end up with rough hands. Handsoap however is useful in clening our hands
but it is not powerful enough to truly remove junk, food and stains in our dishes, utensils, glasses
and pots for handsoaps are made to clean the hands, meaning that they contain a much more gentle
cleaning agent. This is why your soap for washing the dishes is different from your soap for
cleaning your hands.
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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The significance of this study is to create a soap that can be suitable for both our hands and
our cooking materials. As read on the introduction, dishwashing liquid is not an appropriate soap
for our hands for it may clean our hands it also slowly makes our hands rough to the touch.
Dishwashing liquid contains a stronger cleaning agent than what our hands need and because of
the more powerful cleaning agent that it contains, it creates a reaction on our hands and it ends up
losing it smoothness. However, handsoap is not really suitable for washing the dishes because it
contains only a mild and gentle cleaning agent that can kill the germs in what we are using it on
but when used in items such as a pot or a plate it cannot fully remove the stains in it. Because of
these circumstances, we decided to make a soap that works greatly in cleaning your cooking
materials but does not harm your hands, it is can also be used to clean your hands, and you don’t
need to have two different soaps in your kitchen, as our product in this research study.
3
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Our goal is to combine dishwashing liquid and handsoap as our product, the following are our
questions in mind:
1) Will we be able to combine a dishwashing liquid and a handsoap?
2) Will our combined dishwashing liquid and handsoap still be effective in both of its uses?
3) Will our product be useful to others?
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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
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SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS
The scope of this study is to be able to combine a dishwashing liquid and a handsoap to create
a soap that is not only appropriate to the hands but is also effective in cleaning and removing the
excess food stuck our kitchen materials such as our pots and pans, plates, glasses, mugs, cups,
spoons, forks, knives, and more. While the delimitation of our study is that our soap is advisable
to only be used in hand or body cleaning and kitchen utensils cleaning, and not for laundry
purposes.
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DEFINITION OF TERMS
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Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
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RELATED LITERATURE
Dishwashing liquid may contain bleach, enzymes, or rinsing aids. Some dishwashing
detergents may be homemade, using ingredients such as borax, essential oil, eucalyptus oil and
grated bar soap, among others. Dishwashing detergents can be formulated to work under different
circumstances. In some cases suitably formulated they can be used with cold water or sea water,
although they will not generally work as well as those intended for, and used with, hot water.
Dishwashing liquid is used primarily for removing food from used dishes and tableware. Heavy
soil is generally scraped from dishes before using. Detergent formula can vary based on use hand
or automatic.
Dishwashing liquid commonly contains water as the main ingredient, while the main active
ingredients are detergents. Detergents are used, rather than soaps, because they do not react with
any minerals in the water to form soap scum. There are other thickening and stabilizing agents.
Other ingredients may include surfactants, hydrotrope, salts, preservatives, fragrances, and dyes.
Surfactants remove grease and stuck food particles. They may also provide foam. Some
dishwashing products contain phosphates. Phosphate makes dishes cleaner but can also cause
harmful algal bloom as the wastewater goes back to the natural environment. Because of this, it is
banned as a component in many places.
Earliest evidence of the existence of soap is as early as 2800 B.C. They were found during the
excavation of ancient Babylon. Based in the Ebers Papyrus, the combining of animal and vegetable
oils with alkaline salts is used to form a soap to prevent the ancient Egyptians from skin diseases
and for washing. The Ebers Papyrus is a medical document from about 1500 B.C.
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As time went by, the Israelites received detailed laws governing cleanliness from Moses. Moses
related the cleanliness to health and religious purification.
The early Greeks doesn’t use soap for bathing but Greeks bathed for aesthetic reasons. Instead of
using soap for their bodies, they used blocks of clay, sand, pumice and ashes, then rub themselves
with oil, and they scraped off the oil and dirt using the metal instrument that known as a strigil.
Despite of this, they also used oil with ashes and their clothes were washed without soap.
According to an ancient Roman legend, soap got its name from Mount Sapo. Mount Sapo is where
animals were sacrificed. A women found out that this kind of clay mixture that was made from
melted animal fat, or tallow, and wood ashes down into the clay soil along the Triber River can
made their wash cleaner with much less effort.
During the mid-1800s, the advancement of technology was started and the invention of the Belgian
Chemist, Ernest Solvay of the ammonia process, which also used common table salt, or sodium
chloride, to make soda ash. Solvay's process further reduced the cost of obtaining this alkali, and
increased the quality and quantity of the soda ash that is available for manufacturing soap. An
alkali is a soluble salt of an alkali metal like sodium or potassium. Originally, the alkali is used in
soap making were obtained from the ashes of plants, but they now a days they are now made
commercially.
Based in scientific discoveries and the improvement of power to operate some factories, soap
making is one of the America’s fastest-growing industries back in 1850. As time went by, the use
of soap has changed from being a luxury item to an everyday necessity. With this, the improvement
of the milder soaps for bathing and soaps for washing machines that were available to consumers.
Back in seventh century in Europe, Soap making was an established craft. Soap maker used
vegetable and animals oil with ashes of plants for the fragrance of the soap. In this century the
soap became available in different used. Example for shaving, shampooing, bathing and as well as
laundering.
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During 12th century the center of soap manufacturing was Italy, Spain and France because they
are a lot and ready supply of raw materials such as oil from olive trees which is used in
manufacturing a soap. During 12th century the English began to start a soap business. The English
business became successful and it was good because of the business were successful, in 1962 King
James I granted a monopoly for the soap maker for about $100,00 every year. In 19th century the
soap was heavily taxed because it’s a luxury item in several countries. But when the high tax was
removed, soap became available to ordinary people and the cleanliness standards were improved.
The ingredients of soap manufacturing stayed essentially the same until 1916, because of WWI
they’ve experienced shortage of fats which is used for making soap. The first synthetic detergent
was developed in Germany which is the solution in their problem. Synthetic detergents are the
non-soap washing and cleaning products that are synthesized.
In the early 1930’s the household detergent production began in the United States. The first
detergents were used for hand dishwashing and fine fabric laundering. The development of
detergents for all-purpose laundry uses came in 1946. The ingredients that used in the first built
detergent was a surfactant/builder combination and it was introduced in the U.S. Surfactant means
a basic cleaning ingredient in manufacturing detergent product’s. While the builder helps the
surfactant to be more effective and efficiently. Phosphate compounds used as builders which is
can used to improve the performance.
In 2010, the United States FDA raised health concerns over triclosan, an antibacterial substance
used in some dish liquids. Elsewhere, triclosan has been found to create problems at wastewater
treatment plants, whereby it can "sabotage some sludge-processing microbes and promote drug
resistance in others." The United States FDA has found that triclosan provides no health benefits
over soap and water. As of 2014, at least one state within the United States has banned triclosan
in dishwashing liquids. Many dishwashing liquids contain perfume which can cause irritant or
allergic contact dermatitis.Washing soda is used for dishwashing, and may be used in areas with
hard water. It was used for dishwashing before detergents were invented in Germany during world
war I. liquid detergent used for dishwashing was first manufactured in the middle of 20th century.
Dishwashing detergent producers started production in the United States in the 1930-1940s.
Teepol, the first such in Europe, commenced product in 1942.
In 2005, dishwashing detergent retail sales totaled nearly USD$10 billion worldwide.
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RELATED STUDIES
Students from Glendale School have conducted a research on making a dishwashing liquid
with orange peels in an attempt to create a dishwashing liquid that is both organic and promotes
the people to be aware of the uses of materials through recycling. Through experimenting and
repeated trials they have come up with the conclusion: “The first two trials did not yield the coveted
result. The smell of the orange has not come out of their final result. Instead, the scent of the soap
was dominant. Furthermore, it cannot clean plus it leaves inadequate smell on the dish. It lacks the
foaming agent which is important in making soap-related products. Inaccurate measurement was
the main factor that contributed to the lack of success of the first two sets of experiment.
The actual effective product was yielded from the third trial of experimentation. It has the scent of
the orange fruit. In addition, it cleans well and it leaves no undesirable smell. Accurate
measurement has affected the overall quality of the yielded product.
However, the researchers tried to make an organic dishwashing liquid with fewer chemicals that
is why using a foaming agent was only put into possible options.
After the research has done, the researchers found out that the use of chemical shouldn’t be set
aside for they are important in making soap products. They can be used as an added cleaning agent
and a foaming agent as well.”
Students from Brest University conducted a study on the exposure of people to dishwashing
liquid. The students conducted a test to find out if there is a difference in effect on being exposed
and constantly having contact with dishwashing liquid. Tests revealed that overall no difference
between the sexes and the type of residential household on dishwashing was present on this
population. Amount of washed items and duration was significantly correlated, which could seem
logical but remarkable considering the lack of correlation between other parameters. Dermal
exposure coincides with deterministic published data. In the case of inhalation exposure no
published data are available. Higher inhalation exposure value may show that dermal exposure is
diminished by high dilution of dishwashing liquid in water.
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Researchers of the Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Agro technology and Food
Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands had conducted a research on the
effects of antibacterial dishwashing liquid on foodborne pathogens. The researchers conducted the
test with different sponges in the laboratory. The study shows that the antibacterial dishwashing
liquid was shown to be effective in reduction of pathogens only in the suspension test. In the used
sponges to which application of the product is recommended, the numbers of E. coli, Salmonella
Enteritidis, and B. cereus and total aerobic counts were hardly influenced. The presence of food
residues strongly reduces the product’s efficacy. This finding indicates that to determine the
efficacy of an antibacterial product and other similar products, practical conditions must be
considered in the test.
Studies by moore et al. hand dishwashing liquids are one of the most important groups of
household chemicals. In physicochemical terms, they are aqueous solutions of surface-active
agents and various additives including fragrances, preservatives, antioxidants, sequestrants, ph
regulators, colorants, opacifiers as well as substances giving formulations a pearly appearance.
The key factors determining the quality of HDL include the type and concentrations of basic
surfactants used in the formulation. The most common are anionic surfactants from the groups of
alkyl sulfates and alkyl ether sulfates.
Studies on the safety of product use published up to the present place a special emphasis on the
assessment of negative effects on the skin of the hands induced by model surfactants has been
determined that surfactants interacting with the stratum corneum can cause tissue swelling, wash
away water-soluble small molecular components of the stratum corneum, and inactive enzymes.
Based on scientific studies in the area, it has been suggested that the main factor contributing to
the negative effect of surfactants on the skin of the hands in the presence of free surfactants
monomers in the washing bath. Such molecules are able to interact relatively easily with proteins
found in the skin, causing undesirable skin irritations. The most frequent effect is a decrease in the
skins barrier function leading to excessive drying. As a result, the skin becomes rough, liable to
cracking or becomes inflamed.
Studies conducted to date have mainly focused on model surfactant systems. However, the
majority of developed and marketed formulations represent mixtures of about a dozen different
compounds. An especially important role in such formulations is played by hydrophobic
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substances, most commonly in the form of fragrances or plant extracts. Substances of this type
undergo intramicellar solubilization, leading to an increase in the size of aggregates formed in this
way. The present study is an attempt to determine how the presence of hydrophobic ingredients in
hand dishwashing liquid affects user safety.
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Chapter 3
METHODOLGY OF THE STUDY
15
Introduction
Sometimes, many people use dishwashing liquid soap for their hands, because many people
do not have enough money to buy a soap for their hands. However, dishwashing hand soap contains
chemical that can be dangerous to hands. So we create a product that can be used to hands and to
their dishes.
Topic
As students performing researches, we were curious if dishwashing liquid hand soap will be
effective for their hands. To begin our study, we thought of the common problems at kitchen. One
of the problems is every time people used dishwashing liquid they feel that their hands are dry.
We also prepared questions to be answered by our respondents who will try our product. These
questions will helps us understand clearly the result of our product. In this way, we can enhance
our product depending on the observation and suggestions of the respondents.
A. RESEARCH DESIGN
This study entitled ‘the comparison between 2-in-1 homemade dishwashing hand soap and an
ordinary dishwashing liquid and its effectiveness”. Is a descriptive research design that attempts
to get each and every opinion of our personal respondents and netizens about the “2-in-1 liquid
dishwashing hand soap”.
B. SOURCES OF DATA
Our sources of data are the opinions of our personal respondents and netizens.
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C. DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE
We will be using questionnaires and survey our personal respondents to get their opinion about
our product.
Procedures
How to create this product:
1. Prepare all the ingredients and materials needed.
2. Add grated castile soap bar or any soap bar to boiling water in casserole and stir until
dissolved.
3. Pour washing soda into large glass bowl then stir in 50 milliliter boiling water. Continue
stirring until washing soda is completely dissolved.
4. Add the liquid castile soap and vegetable glycerin to the washing soda then mix.
5. Let mixture cool, then add green apple scent and castile soap bar to the large glass bowl.
6. Transfer to repurposed soap dispenser and use it as a 2-in1 dishwashing liquid hand soap.
D. STATISTICAL TREATMENT
We will use pie graphs in our data because it is easier to see everybody’s opinion in one graph.
It will show the opinions of the personal respondents about the questions.
E. RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
The questionnaire, the dishwashing liquid hand soap and its description will be the major
instrument in this study. The questionnaire was designed to obtain opinions of our personal
respondents about the 2-in-1 dishwashing liquid hand soap.
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UPSOUTH EDUCATION FOUNDATION INC
THESIS 10 – EINSTEIN
PERSONAL RESPONDENT
BACKGROUND: The 2-in 1 homemade liquid dishwashing hand soap and its effectiveness.
OBJECTIVE: To know the opinions of the respondents about the “2-in-1 homemade liquid
dishwashing hand soap.
Name:_______________________________________________ Date:__________________
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UPSOUTH EDUCATION FOUNDATION INC
THESIS 10 – EINSTEIN
NETIZEN
BACKGROUND: The 2-in 1 homemade liquid dishwashing hand soap and its effectiveness.
OBJECTIVE: To know the opinions of the respondents about the “2-in-1 homemade liquid
dishwashing hand soap.
Name:_______________________________________________ Date:__________________
Feedback:__________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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Chapter 4
ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION OF DATA
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PERSONAL RESPONDENTS:
Figure 1
Yes
No
Undecided
100%
Figure 1 shows that 100% of the respondents answered yes, 0% answered no, and 0%
answered undecided.
Table 1
Table 1 shows that 15 of the respondents answered yes, 0 answered no, and 0 answered
undecided.
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Figure 2
33%
Yes
No
Undecided
67%
Figure 2 shows that 0% of the respondents answered yes, 67% answered no, and 33%
answered undecided.
Table 2
Table 2 shows that 0 of the respondents answered yes, 10 answered no, and 5 answered
undecided.
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Figure 3
Yes
27% No
60% Undecided
Figure 2 shows that 0% of the respondents answered yes, 67% answered no, and 33%
answered undecided.
Table 3
Table 3 shows that 9 of the respondents answered yes, 4 answered no, and 2 answered
undecided.
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Figure 4
Yes
33% No
Undecided
60%
Figure 4 shows that 33% of the respondents answered yes, 60% answered no, and 7%
answered undecided.
Table 4
Table 4 shows that 5 of the respondents answered yes, 9 answered no, and 1 answered
undecided.
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Figure 5
40%
60% Yes
No
Undecided
0%
Figure 5 shows that 60% of the respondents answered yes, 0% answered no, and 40%
answered undecided.
Table 5
Table 5 shows that 9 of the respondents answered yes, 0 answered no, and 6 answered
undecided.
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Figure 6
Yes
No
Undecided
93%
Figure 2 shows that 0% of the respondents answered yes, 67% answered no, and 33%
answered undecided.
Table 6
Table 2 shows that 0 of the respondents answered yes, 10 answered no, and 5 answered
undecided.
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Figure 7
Yes
No
80% Undecided
Figure 7 shows that 7% of the respondents answered yes, 80% answered no, and 13%
answered undecided.
Table 7
Table 7 shows that 1 of the respondents answered yes, 12 answered no, and 2 answered
undecided.
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Figure 8
Yes
No
Undecided
93%
Figure 8 shows that 93% of the respondents answered yes, 0% answered no, and 7%
answered undecided.
Table 8
Table 8 shows that 14 of the respondents answered yes, 0 answered no, and 1 answered
undecided.
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Figure 9
13%
Yes
No
Undecided
80%
Figure 9 shows that 80% of the respondents answered yes, 13% answered no, and 7%
answered undecided.
Table 9
Table 9 shows that 12 of the respondents answered yes, 2 answered no, and 1 answered
undecided.
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Figure 10
20%
Yes
No
Undecided
73%
Figure 10 shows that 73% of the respondents answered yes, 20% answered no, and 7%
answered undecided.
Table 10
Table 10 shows that 11 of the respondents answered yes, 3 answered no, and 1 answered
undecided.
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NETIZENS:
Figure 1
Yes
No
Undecided
93%
Figure 1 shows that 93% of the respondents answered yes, 7% answered no, and 0%
answered undecided.
Table 1
Table 1 shows that 14 of the respondents answered yes, 1 answered no, and 0 answered
undecided.
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Figure 2
34%
Yes
No
Undecided
53%
Table 2
Table 2 shows that 5 of the respondents answered yes, 8 answered no, and 2 answered
undecided.
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Figure 3
Yes
47%
53% No
Undecided
Figure 3 shows that 53% of the respondents answered yes, 47% answered no, and 0%
answered undecided.
Table 3
Table 3 shows that 08of the respondents answered yes, 7 answered no, and 0 answered
undecided.
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Figure 4
Yes
No
Undecided
93%
Figure 4 shows that 93% of the respondents answered yes, 7% answered no, and 0%
answered undecided.
Table 4
Table 4 shows that 14 of the respondents answered yes, 1 answered no, and 0 answered
undecided.
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Figure 5
Yes
No
Undecided
87%
Figure 5 shows that 6% of the respondents answered yes, 87% answered no, and 7%
answered undecided.
Table 5
Table 5 shows that 1 of the respondents answered yes, 13 answered no, and 1 answered
undecided.
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\
Chapter 5
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION
36
Summary
We researchers have conducted this study with the desire to create a product with the purpose
of two other products. We wish to create a product that can be used as a dishwashing liquid that is
effective in cleaning dishes and a hand soap that gently cleans our hands and rids them of bacteria
and germs.
The cross-sectional survey technique was used in the study and the questionnaire served as the
instrument used to collect data. Most of the respondents are residents of our area, while the rest
are students however, half of the total respondents were asked to answer the research instrument
online.
Our product was thought of to produce a dishwashing liquid and a hand soap that is combined
together and can be made at home. This may reduce the amount of soap that people buy and may
even be able to experiment and create their own personalized soap.
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Conclusion
We researches conclude that our product, the Homemade Liquid Dishwashing Hand Soap, is a
much more convenient product than having two different types of soap. Needing to buy more than
one cleaning product that is essential in your kitchen sink might provide to be more of an expense
then what you would think.
Some household have more than one bottle of dishwashing liquid visible in near their kitchen sink,
having lots of those bottles of soap could provide to be a risk to others when they don’t pay
attention to what they’re doing. With our product, we can reduce the amount of plastic waste that
we produce from our homes, by combining the effects of a dishwashing liquid and a hand soap
into one bottle, we can lessen the plastic bottles at home by one, and when applied universally, it
can be a big help in our environment.
Our product is approved by our respondents to be an effective alternative to having a separate
dishwashing liquid and hand soap.
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Recommendation
We researchers recommend:
To who reads this research and attempts to create our product to experiment and try other
possible scents and add-ons to create a more personalized soap that matches with their
preference of smell.
This study and our product to households, for it can be beneficial to them when it comes
to the amount of chemicals in visibility of everyone in the house. It can be helpful for those
who are lazy or in a rush to be safely assured that the soap their using is compatible and
will not harm them gradually.
This product to supermarkets, because people will have the ability to see it and be able to
compare and know the advantages of using our product than having separate soaps for
dishwashing and hand washing.
Our product to catering services, because it can be helpful in lessening the expenses of their
services and still provide with clean and safe food.
Our study to students who are also interested in looking for alternative soaps and finding
possible combined soap formulas.
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Bibliography
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dUn0tDGhrIU&feature=share
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W2qJb8Dhtwg&feature=share
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dishwashing_liquid
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