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ЛИТЕРАТУРА
Bernaerts, Lars, Dirk De Geest, Luc Herman, and Bart Vervaeck. Stories
and Minds: Cognitive Approaches to Literary and Narrative, University of
Nebraska Press, 2013.
De Fina, Anna and Georgakopoulou Alexandra. Analyzing Narrative.
Discourse and Sociolinguistic Perspectives. Cembridge University Press,
2012.
Doležel, Lubomir. Heterokosmika, Fikcija i mogući svetovi. Prevela
Snežana Kalinić. Beograd: Službeni glasnik, 2008.
Cognitive Narratology
Summary
Cognitive narratology appeared in the 1980’s within the narrative turn
in humanities and the cognitive turn in various scientific disciplines, as part
of so-called «post-classical narratology» . Cognitive narratology investigates
how the narrative creates human experience and gives meaning to it, the basis
of the human universal yearning for narration and reception of stories, the
patterns participating in their processing/interpretation. While the classical
period narratology relied mostly on Saussurean linguistics, now the incentives
arrive from cognitive linguistics, cognitive psychology, neurology, evolution
theory, philosophy of the mind, quantum physics. The three key conceptual
paradigms are: frames and scripts, the scalar approach and elimination of
binary oppositions, and the story world. Frames are cognitive structures of
knowledge that represent the basis for conceptual images of the world, while
scripts or scenarios represent stereotypical sequences of events, some sort
of schematized action determined by the frame. The emphasised interest for
the literary character and the theory of immersion were directly inspired by
psychological investigations linked to the theory of mind, also known as «mind
reading». The abandoning of binary oppositions (story - discourse, narrative -
experiencing self, real - implicit author, fictional - fact-based), is most obviously
manifested in the transition from the term «narrative» to its characteristic -
«narrativity». In order to stress dynamism and processuality, Werner Wolf)
introduces scalar schemes when discussing description as a cognitive style,
i.e. when he views narrative frames not as stable morphological categories but
rather as cognitive meta-concepts that participate in the coding of different
text levels. The definition of narrative as a cognitive, transdisciplinary,
transhistorical, transgeneric and transmedial phenomenon leads to a
branching-out of cognitive narratology, and today we discern affective, natural,
unnatural and transmedial narratology. Cognitive narratology is usually
criticized because of essentialism and reductionism of the teleological thinking,
while its most important advantages are the interdisciplinary approach, the
empirical basis, as well as adapting to an integrative method when combined
with other literary theories or methods.
Key words: cognitive narratology, story world, frames, scenarios, scalar
approach, narrativity level, mind theory, immersion