SATRIC Dr. Chandima Gomes chandima.gomes@gmail.

com

wl=Kl wisrsh
wdpd©H pkaosu f.dauia
ìs%;dkH jr<;a fN!;sl úoHd{, jr<;a bx‰fkare yd fcHIaG l:sldpdrAh
fld<U úYaj úoHd,h

wl=Kq mqrdKh

Ìkhlska oe,aù "ksú ksú oe,aú úhelS hk iajNdj OrAuhdf.a wdf,dal ieKfl<sh wms wl=K
kñka yªkajuq' wdf,dalfha ksudj yd werfUk uyd msmsreu wms wl=Kl .s.sreu hkqfjka yªkajuq '
jir oyia .kkl isg ñksid wl=Kq m%jdyh uyd n,.;= N+;dra:hla f,i ie,l=fÉh'

w;S;fha .%Slfhda úYajdi l, mrsos ishqia foúhd" fâñgra kï

fojÕkg w;jr l, neúka Bishia kï lS%Ü foaYfha jeisfhl= wl=Kq
m%ydrhla u.ska úkdY lf,ah' fõo .%ka: j, mejfik mrsos bkaø
foúhka i;=rka úYd, .kkla oukh lsrSu i|yd wl=K keu;s
wdhqOh fhdod .;af;ah' W;=re hqfrdamShka w;r wl=Kg wêm;s
f;darAa foúhd b;d Wiia ;;ajfha ,d ie,;=Ks' n%yiam;skaØ oskh fuu
f;darA foúhd fjkqfjka kï lrk ,o nj fndfyda b;sydi{hska f.a
u;hhs' ;ju;a f,dalfha isák iuyr ck fldgia w;r wl=K
foaj;ajfha ,d ie,flkq olakg ,efí' úfYaIfhkau khscSrShdfõ
fhdrend f.da;%slhska w;r fuu u;h b;d ;oska mj;S' Iexf.da kñka
Tjqka y÷kajk fuu wl=Kq foúhd mõldrhskag b;d ;oska tfrys jk
nj Tjqkaf.a u;hhs' wl=Kla jeoS ñh .sh mqoa.,hl=f.a uqˆ mjq,u
;u iudcfhka fkrmd oeóug ;rï Tjqka Iexf.da foúhdg .e;sj
isáhs' fï ;rï ;o weoySula fkd;snqko kef.kysr hqfrdamSh rgj,
rE 1 ishqia foúhd wl=Kla Ydka; t,shd f,io, ,;ska weursldkqjka w;r ika;shd.= f,io wl=K
w; we;sj ;ju;a msÿï ,nhs'

,xldjdiSka wl=K foaj;ajfha ,d ie,l+ njg idlaIs fkd;snqk;a ta yd iïnkaO ckm%jdo rdYshla
mj;S' fï w;rska hg;a úcs; iufha furg urd oeuQ úYd, we;=ka ixLHdjl >d;lhd jQ frdcrAaia
keu;s Å%;dkH cd;slhd ms<sn|j we;s ckm%jdoh fndfyda fihska m%p,s;h' fuu mqoa.,hd wl+Kq
myrla jeoS ñh f.dia we;s w;r Tyqf.a foayh ñysoka l, ia:dkhg ks;r wl=Kq josk nj i|yka
fÉ'

wl=Kl úoHd;aul miqìu

wl=Kl l:dj fndfyda úg werfUkafka l=ñhqf,da ksïnia keu;s oejeka; j<dl=ˆ ;=< h' oyj,a
ld,fha mj;sk oeä WIaK;ajh fya;=fjka c,dY yd uqyqo wdY%s;j we;sjk ixjyk Odrd fya;=fjka
fuu j<dl=ˆ f.dv kef.a' tu j<dl=ˆ we;=,; mj;sk le<ô,s iys; jd;djrKh tys úoHq;a
wdfrdamk ckkhla we;s lrhs'

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SATRIC Dr. Chandima Gomes chandima.gomes@gmail.com

fuysoS Ok wdfrdamk j<dl=f,a by<u ;,hg;a

RK wdfrdamk my, ;,hg;a fnoS fjka fõ'
óg wu;rj j<dl=f,a my<u fmfofia l=vd
RK wdfrdamk miqïÅhla o we;s fõ (rE 2)'
fufia j<dl=ˆ ;=< wdfrdamk fnfok
hdka;%Kh ms<sn|j ;ju;a úoHd{hka ;=<
ksjeros jegySula fkdue;' fuf,i wdfrdamk
fnoS l%shdldrS ;;ajhg meñfKk l=ñhqf,da
ksïnia j<dl=,la 15km muK Wilska hq;=
w;r j<dfõ my<u ia:rh fmd<fõ isg lsf,da
ógrA lSmhla by<ska msysghs' funÿ l=ñhqf,da
ksïnia j<dl=,l lemS fmfkk ,laIKhla kï
by,ska l=ˆf.ûhl ysil wdldrfhka jk Ok
wdfrdams; fldgihs' fï wdldrfhka j<dl=,
rE 2 wdfrdamk fnoS we;s l=ñhqf,da ksïnia j<dl=,la ilia jkafka by< wyfia we;s oeä iq<Õ
ksidh'
rEm igyk 3aa fmkajd we;s mrsos iuyr wjia:d hgf;a RK wdfrdams; flakaøh;a Ok miqïìh;a
w;r úoHq;a wdfrdamk yqjudrejla we;s fõ' fuysoS we;sjk wdfrdamk m%jdy pek,h ^fu;eka isg
pek,h kñka y÷kajuq'& iuyr wjia:dj, j<dl=f,ka my<g .uka lsrSu wrUhs' fuu pek,h
ógrA 50la muK os.e;s mshjrj,a jYfhka fmd<j foig meñfKk neúka mshjr kshuq myr
(Stepped leader stroke) kñka y÷kajuq' fuys idudkH m%fõ.h 105m/s muK fõ' fuu wdfrdamk
pek,h fmd<j foig RK wdfrdamk /f.k tk w;r ta wjg úYd, RK úoHq;a fÌa;%hla we;s
lrhs' tneúka tu pek,h fmd<jg ógrA 100 la muK by<ska mj;sk úg fmd<fõ wjg we;s Wi
jia;+ka f.ka Ok wdfrdamk m%jdy tu RK wdfrdams; pek,h fj; weoS hhs' fïjd ms<s;=re
kshuqjka (answering leaders) hkqfjka y÷kajuq' ñka tla ms<s;=re kshuqfjla wfklajdg l,ska
my,g meñKs RK wdfrdams; pek,h uqK .efia' túg tu ms<s;=re kshuqjd fhduq lrjQ jia;=j
yryd úYd, Odrdjla fmd<jg .,d ths' fuf,i Odrdj .e,Su isÿjkafka wdfrdams; pek,h yryd
fmd<fõ úNjh j<dl=, lrd .uka lsrSu fya;=fjks' fuu isÿùu m%;s myr (return stroke) hkqfjka
y÷kajuq' m%:u m%;smyr fmd<j lrd 30 kA muK Wmrsu Odrdjla /f.k meñfKa' fuh 200 kA
muK jQ wjia:do ñKqï jdrA;dj, mj;S'

rE 3 2
SATRIC Dr. Chandima Gomes chandima.gomes@gmail.com

m%:u kshuq myr u.ska fmd<fõ úNjh j<dl=, lrd f.k hk ksid
j<dl=f,a wE; ia:dk j, mj;sk RK wdfrdamk tl;+kao iEoS we;s
pek,fha by< fldgig úirAckh úh yelsh' túg kej;;a
wdfrdamk m%jdyh;a b;d fõ.fhka fmd<j lrd weoS ths' fuh tl
t,af,au ^mshjr f,i fkdj& my<g meñfKk neúka yS kshuq myr
(dart leader stroke) hkqfjka y÷kajuq (rE 4). óg ms<s;=re f,i
;j;a m%;s m%ydrhla j<dl=, lrd .uka lrhs' tla wl=Kl fujeks
yS kshuq-m%;s m%yr lsysmhla we;sfõ' fuf,i we;sjk m%;s m%yr, miq
m%;s m%yr (subsequent return stroke) hkqfjka wms y÷kajuq' miq
m%;s m%yrhloS .,k Wmrsu Odrdj idudkHfhka 15 kA fõ'

rE 4

fuf,i wl=Kla iïmQrAK ùu i|yd .;jk ld,h ;;amr Nd.hla muK fõ' wl=K myr ;=,oS
fmd<jg .,d tk wdfrdamk m%udKh l+f,daï 5 - 20 w;r fõ' wl=K we;sjk wjia:dfõ oS oeä
iq<Õla mej;=k fyd;a wfrdams; pek,fha ia:dkh fjkia ùu ksid m%:u m%ydrh tla jia;=jlg o
miq myrj,a fjk;a jia;+kag o jeoSug mqˆjk' fujeks wl=Kq nyq ,Ì wl=Kq m%ydr (multi strike
point lightning) f,i yeoskafõ' ia:dk lSmhlska ,Õd jk ms<s;=re kshuqjka lsysm fofkla tljr
mshjr kshuq pek,h yd iïnkaO ùfukao nyq ,Ì wl=Kq m%ydr we;s úh yels h' iuyr úg
mshjr kshuq pek,h fmd<j wdikakfha oS YdLd lSmhlg fnoS úúO ia:dk j,ska fmd<j yd iïnkaO
fõ' funÿ nyq ,Ì wl=Kla ".Efrdmamq wl=Kla" (fork lightning) f,i yÿkajkq ,nhs'
wdfrdams; pek,h yryd .,d tk úYd, Odrdj ta wjg we;s jd;h b;d by< WIaK;ajhlg m;a
lrhs' fuu WIaK;ajh 40 ,000K jeks w.hls' fuu ÌKslj we;sjk wêl WIaK;ajh fya;=fjka
wjg jd;h b;d fõ.j;a m%idrKhlg Ndckh fõ' tys m%;sM,h f,i m%n, lïmk ;rx.hla
we;sjk w;r fuu lïmk ;rx.h wE;g weoS hk úg Yío ;rx.hla njg m;aù f.rùu f,i wms
yÿkajk ìhlre kdoh njg m;a fõ' idudkHfhka wms f.rùu Y%jKh lrkafka wl=fKka ksl=;a jk
wdf,dalh oel iaj,am fõ,djlg miqjhs' óg fya;=j wdf,dalfha fõ.h (3.0x108m/s) yd Yíofha
fõ.h (340m/s) w;r we;s úYd, fjkihs' fï wkqj wl=Kl wdf,dalh oelSu yd f.rùu weiSu
w;r ld, wka;rh 3ka fnoSfuka wl=K jeÿk ia:dkhg we;s ÿr wdikak jYfhka lsf,da ógrA j,ska
,nd.; yel'
by;ska úia;r flrefka j<dl=f, Aisg fmd<jg RK wdfrdak /f.k tk wl=Kq ms<sn|j h' fuh
RK ìï myrla hkqfjka y÷kajuq' óg wu;rj j<dl=f,a by< fldgfia isg Ok wdfrdamk /f.k
fmd<jg meñfKk wl=Kqo ;sfí' fïjd Ok ìï wl=Kq f,i yeoskafõ' ^rE 5& Ok ìï wl=KloS .,d
tk Odrdj RK ìï wl=Kl Odrdjg jvd lSm .=Khlska jeäh' Y%S ,xldj jeks .%sIau l,dmSh rgj,
ìï wl=Kq ixLHdfjka 5] la muK Ok ìï wl=Kq fõ'

ìï m%ydrhkag wu;rj j<dl=,laa ;=< we;sjk wdfrdamk yqjudre, j<dl=ˆ folla w;r we;sjk
wdfrdamk yqjudre yd j<dl=,l isg jdhqf.da,hg we;sjk wdfrdamk úirAck wfkl=;a wl=Kq jrA.hs'
fïjd fmdÿfõ j,d wl=Kq hkqfjka y÷kajuq' ,xldj jeks rgl j<d wl=Kq m%udKh uqˆ wl=Kq
m%udKfhka 60] g jvd jeäh' fuf,i ìï wl=Kq j,g jvd j<d wl=Kq jeä ùug m%Odk fya;=j úh

3
SATRIC Dr. Chandima Gomes chandima.gomes@gmail.com

yelafla >rAu l,dmSh rgj, j<dl=ˆ j, my< uÜgu (cloud base) b;d by,ska mej;Suhs' j<d
wl=Kq ms<sn|j fuf;la fndfyda lreKq wOHhkh lr ke;' ^tysoS .,k Odrdj wdfrdamk yd
Odrdj .,k iajNdjh jeks lreKq&'

rE5" rE 6
b
a

rE 6 j<d wl=Kq a j<dl=,laa ;=< we;sjk wl=Kq. b j<dl=ˆ folla

w;r we;sjk wl=Kq. c j<dl=,l isg jdhqf.da,hg we;sjk wl=Kq
rE 5 a RK ìï wl=K
yd b Ok ìï wl=K

by; i|yka wl=Kq jrA. j,g wu;rj .sks l÷ msmsrSfï oS we;sjk ,djd yd ÿï m%jdy u.ska o b;d
orAYkSh wl=Kq m%ydrhka úysfoa' je,s l=Kdgq j,ska o kHIaGsl wú msmsrùfï oS we;sjk ìïu,a
wdldr OQ,s j<dfjka o wl=Kq we;sfõ' óg wu;rj úYd, l=ñhqf,daksïnia j<dl=ˆ j, Wv uÜgfuka
werö by< wyfia whk f.da,h olajd úysfok wl=Kq .Kfha ,d ie,flk ixisoaê lSmhla flfryso
uE;loS úoHd{hka f.a wjOdkh fhduq úh' m%:ufhkau fï ixisoaëka ms<sn|j jdrA;d ,enqfka .=jka
kshuqjkaf.ks' w÷re wyfia úYd, l=ñhqf,daksïnia j<dl=ˆj,g by,ska jrAKj;a wdf,dal Odrd
kslafuk nj Tjqka jdrA;d lr ;sfí' fï ms<sn|j wOHhkh l, úoHd{hskag fmkS .sfha fuu
ixisoaëka fmd<j lrd meñfKk Ok ìï wl=Kq yd lsÜgq iïnkaOhla we;s njhs' b;d úYd,
m%foaYhla mqrd me;sr hñka wvq fõ.hlska by< wyi lrd wefok rla; osjH m: (red sprites) yd
ks,a jrAKfhka hq;=j b;d fõ.fhka whk f.da,h lrd wefok kS, fÌm (blue jets) fuu whk
f.da, wl=Kq (ionospheric lightning) w;r uQ,sl fõ'

wl=Kq wdrÌKfha miqìu

ngysr úoHdj ;=,ska wl=Kq wdrÌKh ms<sn|j m%:u wOHhkhka ms<sn|j i|yka jkafka 1700 ueo
Nd.fhaoS h' hqfrdamfha yd weursldfõ tlsfklg iajdëkj fï ms<sn|j idlÉPd yd úurAYk
flreKq w;r fuys oS fnkacñka m%Ekala,Ska f.a ku uQ,sl fõ' 1752 oS fmkais,afõkshdfõ ish ksji
wi, Tyq l, irex.,a mrSÌKh b;d ckm%sh úoHd;aul .fõYKhla úh' ukaodrï iys; wyia
l=ila mj;soaoS irex.,hla wyia .; l, marEkala,Ska irex.,h yd iïnkaO kQf,a w. fl<jrska

4
SATRIC Dr. Chandima Gomes chandima.gomes@gmail.com

fmd<j yd iïnkaO f,day h;=rlg mq,sÕ= mksk nj fmkaùh' fï wkqj j<dl=,la wdfrdams; nj o
tys my< fldgfia RK wdfrdamk mj;sk nj o Tyq wkdjrKh lf<a h' wl==Kla hkq wdfrdamk
m%jdyhla nj ikd: lsrSug fuu lreKq m%fhdackj;a úh' marEkala,Ska ;jÿrg;a mrSÌKh úia;r
lrñka wl=Kq iys; ld,.=Khla hgf;a fmd<fõ we;s jia;+ka u; j<dl=f,a we;s wdfrdamkh n,mdk
whqre úia;r lf<ah' fmd<fõ isg wä lSmhla by,g mrsjdrl øjHhla ;nd tu mrsjdrlh u; wâ
30-40 muK Wi f,day l+rla ;nkak' f,day l+frA by, fl<jr b;d W,aj mej;sh hq;= h'
wdfrdams; j,dl=,la fuu ia:dkhg by,ska .uka lrk úg N+.; l, ikakdhlhla /f.k tu
f,day l+frA my< fl,jrg ,Õd jkak' f,day l+r;a ikakdhlh;a w;r mq,sÕ= msgfjkq oelsh yels
h' marEkala,Ska fuu mrSÌKh lsrSu i|yd Wia l÷.eghla u; msysá uqrl=áhla fhdod .ekSug
fhdackd lf<a h' f,day l+r uqrl=áfha jy,fhka bj;g wefok
mrsos ilid .; yels nj Tyq rEmigyklska úia;r lf<a h' fuu
mrSÌKfha ìhlre iajNdjh ms<sn|j marEkala,Skag jegySula
;snqfka ke;'

rE 7 fnkacñka m%Ekala,Ska

jir 1752 oS m%xY cd;sl f;dauia ä w,sndâ keu;s úoHd{hd by; marEkala,Ska úia;r l,
mrSÌKhg yqre wegjqula wdOdrfhka f,day l+frA isg .sks mqmqr mkskq ksrSÌKh lf<a h' fï
ms<sn|j jeäÿrg;a wOHhkfha fhÿkq iaùvka cd;sl cS'ví,sõ' rsÉudka keu;s úoHd{hd 1753 oS
reishdfõ Ydka; mSgrAianrA.a k.rfhaoS wjdikdjka; f,i wl=Kq m%ydrhg ,laù ñh .sfhah' Tyq
mrSÌKh i|yd Ndú;d l, f,day l+r úoHq;kh ùfuka fkdkej;S wl=K;a wdlrAYkh lrf.k
;snqKs' rsÉudkaf.a fuu wjdikdjka; urKh úoHdj fjkqfjka fndfyda f;dr;==re imhd ÿks' fuu
jljdkqfõoS f,dj mqrd wl=Kq ms<sn|j fhÿkq .fõYk yd ta ms<sn|j jQ Wkkaÿj miqj l%ufhka uelS
.sh w;r kej;;a wl=Kq yd wl=Kq j<dl=ˆ ms<sn|j mrSÌK yd idlÉPd u;=jQfha 1920 oS muKh'
óg fkdfn,a iïudk ,dNS iS'à'wdrA ú,aika uQ,sl;ajh ÿkafkah' wl=Kq wdrÌKfha uQ,sl ixl,amh
ìys jQfha fnkacñka marEkala,Ska fj;sks' Tyqf.a woyi wkqj ;shqKq ;=vq iys; f,day l+rla ksjfia
jy,h u; iúlr th f,day lïìhla u.ska N+.; lsrSfuka wl=Kq wdrÌKh ,eìh yels njh'
uq,oS Tyq lreKq oelajQ wdldrh wkqj j<dl=, u.ska fmd<fõ we;sjk wêl úoHq;a fÌ;% ;Sj%;djh
ksid f,day ;=vq u.ska úoHq;a úirAckhla we;slrhs' fuu úoHq;a úirAck wdfrdamkh j<dl=, lrd
.uka lr tys we;s úreoaO wdfrdamk WodiSk lrhs' fuu u;h jeros nj miqj Tyq igyka lr
we;' fuysoS wm olsk wmQrAj isÿùu kï marEkala,Skaf.a f.dvke.s,s wdrÌK l%uh fhdackd ù wo
jk úg jir 250 la .;ù we;;a ;ju;a kQ;k úoHdj marEkala,Skaf.a woyiska Tíng fkdf.dia
;sîuhs' fï woyiska bosrshg hdug iE¥ ;dÌKhkao m%YaKdrA: j, /£ we;' fï ms<sn|j wms
miqjg idlÉPd lruq'

5
SATRIC Dr. Chandima Gomes chandima.gomes@gmail.com

wl=Klska ydks isÿjk whqre

wl=Klska isÿjk ydks wm%udKh' fï w;rska isÿjk ñksia cSú; ydksh ñ< l< fkdyelsh' óg
wu;rj isÿjk foam< yd iFj ydksho b;d wêlh' w;S;fhaoS wl=Kq j,ska isÿ jQ n,j;au foam<
ydksh ksjdi .sks .ekSuhs' tjlg ksjdi ;ekSu i|yd fndfyda úg oej Ndú; jQ w;r fuh wl=Kla
jeoSfuka .skakla we;súh yels bvlv jeû lf<a h' fï w;rska jekSisfha Ydka; udrAla foõ ueÿr
yd fn%is;dis Ydka; kdirs foõ ueÿrg isÿ jQ iïmQrAK úkdYh;a frdaufha fldf,daishï
f.dvke.s,a,g isÿ jQ wrAO úkdYh;a uQ,sl fõ' óg wu;rj 16-17 ishjia ;=,oS 500 lg jvd
fk!ld m%udKhla wl=Kq jeoSfuka uqyqÿ n;a ù we;s njo jdrA;d fõ'

wl=Kq wdrÌKh ms<sn|j kQ;k iudcfha wei fhduq jQfha 1963 oS fndhska.a 707 .=jka hdkhla
wl=Kla jeoS wk;=rlg Ndckh ùu;a iuÕhs' wk;=rej 1969 oS i| n,d .uka lrùug ie,iqï
lr ;snQ wNHjldY hdkh;a .=jka .;l, jydu wl=Kq m%ydrhlg Ndckh ùu wl=Kq wdrÌKh
flfrA fndfyda fofkl=f.a wjOdkh fhduq lrjQfha h' bf,lafgd%ksl wdïmkak fldïmshqgrA
;dÌKh iy úÿ,sh Ndú;h jHdma; ùu;a iuÕu wl=Kq wdrÌKfha wjYH;djh ldrAhd,
lrAudka; Yd,d wdosfhys isg idudkH .Dyhka olajdu me;sreKs'
wl=Klska f.dvke.s,s iy úoHq;a wxf.damdx. j,g ydks isÿúh yels wdldr 3 ls'

bka m%:u wdldrh kï f.dvke.s,a,l isg hjk ms<s;=re kshuq pek,h my,g meñfKk mshjr
kshuq pek,h yuqùuhs' túg iïmQrAK wl=Kq Odrdju f.dvke.s,a, yryd .,d hhs' fuh Rcq
wl=Kq myrla (Direct Lightning Strike) hkqfjka yeoskafõ' óg wu;rj wi, .ilg fyda fjk;a
f.dvke.s,a,lg jeÿk wl=Klska Odrd fldgila fyda uqˆ Odrdju Tnf.a f.dvke.s,a,g weoS taug
mqˆjk' fuh me;s wl=Kq myrla (Side Lightning Flash) hkqfjka yeoskafõ' fuf,i Rcq fyda me;s
wl=Kq myrlska .,d tk úYd, Odrdj f.dvke.s,a, lsysm wdldrhlska úkdY lr ouhs' wl=Kq
udrA.fha we;sjk b;d by< WIaK;ajh fya;=fjka yd wl=Kq Odrdfjka úkdY jk ksjfia úÿ,s
/yeka ,qyqmrsm: ùfuka .sks .ekSï yg .kS' óg wu;rj ksjfia úÿ,s /yeka mrsm: yd ÿrl:k
/yeka mrsm: yd iïnkaO ishˆu WmlrK iïmQrAKfhkau úkdY fõ' f.dvke.s,a, ;=, isákakka
ì;a;sj, isg meñfKk me;s wl=Kq myrj,a j,skao .skafkka iy ÿfukao cSú; ydks yd YrSr
wk;=re j,g ,laúh yels h' fuf,i f.dvke.s,a,lg wl=Kla we;=ˆ jQ úg ishˆu ydks b;d iqˆ
ld,hl oS we;sjk neúka we;sjQ .skakla me;srhdu je,elaùu yer fjk;a lsisu wdrÌK l%uhla
Wmfhda.S lr .ekSug wjldY fkd,efí'

wl=Kq ydks isÿúh yels fojk wdldrh kï fiajd /yeka ;=,ska wl=Kq Odrdj f.dvke.s,a,g we;=ˆ
ùuhs' úÿ,s ÿrl:k yd flan,a rEmjdyskS jeks fiajd /f.k tk /yeka moaO;s újD; wjldYfha
lsf,da ógrA .kkdjla wE;g úysfoa' fuu /yeka moaO;shlg wl=Kla jeoSfï wjldYh
f.dvke.s,a,lg wl=Kla jeoSug jvd fndfyda jeûh' fl,skau /yeklg wl=Kla jeoSug wu;rj
/yekg wdikakfha we;s jia;=jlg wl=Kla jeÿk úgo tys úYd, úoHq;a úNjhla fm%arKh fõ'
fï ljr wdldrfhka fyda /yekg ,efnk úoHq;a wdfrdamkh wjg we;s f.dvke.s,s ;=,g weoS hhs'
fuu úYd, Odrdj u.ska fiajd /yekg iúlr we;s ishˆ˜ WmlrK ^hka;% iQ;% .Dy WmlrK
fldïmshqgr rEmjdysKS melaia hka;% yd wfkl=;a úÿ,s Wmdx. & úkdY lr ouhs' fuu wjia:dj,oS
wod, WmlrKh l%shd úrys; lr ;snqk;a th fiajd /yekg iïnkaO lr ^fmakq .; lr& ;snqfka
kï úkdYh isÿùug we;s bvlv fndyda jeûh' fujeks wjia:djl ÿrl:khla Ndú;d lrk wfhl=
wk;=rg m;a ùug bv we;'

6
SATRIC Dr. Chandima Gomes chandima.gomes@gmail.com

wl=Kq Odrdjla .e,SfïoS th m%n, úoHq;a pqïnl lsrK úfudapkhla we;s lrhs' f.dvke.s,a,la
wdikakfha wl=Kla m;s; jQ úg tu.ska úfudapkh jk fuu úoHq;a pqïNl lsrK loïn
f.dvke.s,a, ;=,go we;=ˆ fõ' fuu lsrK ixfõoS bf,lafg%dksl moaO;s iys; fldïmshqgr hqOuh
WmlrK ffjoH WmlrK wdosh yryd .uka l, úg tajd úkdY ùug mqˆjk' fuysoS WmlrKh
fiajd moaO;shg iïnkaO lr fkd;snqk;a úkdYh isÿùug bvlv we;' flfia kuq;a fuu
wdldrfhka idudkH .Dy WmlrK iy hkaf;%damlrK j, ydks isÿùug we;s bvlv b;d wvqh'

a b c

rE 8 a Rcq wl=Kq myr b me;s wl=Kq myr c fiajd /yeka ;=,ska wl=Kq Odrdj we;=ˆ ùu

wl=Kq wdrÌKfhaoS by; i|yka l, mrsos f.dvke.s,a,la ;=,g l%u lSmhlska wl=Kl wys;lr
m%;sM, meñKSu je,elaúh hq;=h' fï wkqj wl=Kq wdrÌKh l%u 3 lg fnod ;sfí' tkï
f.dvke.s,s wdrÌKh (structure protection) irAck wdrÌKh (surge protection) iy úoHq;a
pqïNl .e,mqu (electromagnetic compatibility)

f.dvke.s
f.dvke.s,s wdrÌKh

f.dvke.s,a,la iy tys we;s foam, fukau cSú;o Rcq yd me;s wl=Kq myrlska wdrÌd lr .ekSu
fï hgf;a isÿfõ' cd;Hka;r uÜgfï we;s ishˆ˜ m%ñ;Ska tlÕjk f.dvke.s,s wdrÌK ixl,amh
kï my,g weoS tk mshjr kshuq myr f.dvke.s,af,a wmg wjYH ia:dkhlg wdlrAYkh lrf.k
m%fõYïldrSj wl=Kq Odrdj N+.; lsrSuhs' fï wkqj wl=Kq wdrÌK moaO;shla lrkqfha f.dvke.s,a,
lrd weoS tk wl=Kla bj;g oeóu fkdj th jvd fydoska .%yKh lr .ekSuhs' fï i|yd
f.dvke.s,af,a jy,h u; iú l, ;shqKq f,day l+re lSmhla fyda f,day má lïì cd,hla fyda fï
foflys tl;=jla wyia úikaêh (Air Termination) f,i fhdod .efka' wl=K yd uq,skau iïnkaO
jkafka fuu wyia úikaê moaO;shhs' fuu moaO;sh yd iïnkaO jk f,day lïì $má moaO;shla
jyf,a isg ìï uÜgu lrd meñfKa' fuh my< ikakdhl moaO;sh (Down Conductor System)
hkqfjka y÷kajuq' fuu moaO;sfha ldrAh kï wyia úikaêh yd iïnkaO jQ wl=fKa Odrdj fnoS
hdulg Ndckh lr /f.k tauhs' óg wu;rj me;s wl=Kq myrla .%yKh lr .ekSuo my<
ikakdhl moaO;sfha ldrAh Ndrhls' ìï uÜgfïoS fuu moaO;sh uekúka N+.; lrk ,o f,day l+re
yd f,day M,l moaO;shla iu. iïnkaO fõ' f.dvke.s,s wdrÌK.;au wx.h jk moaO;shl jeo
N+.; moaO;sh (Earthing System) wl=Kq Odrdj N+ñh ;=,g uekúka we;=ˆ lrhs'

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SATRIC Dr. Chandima Gomes chandima.gomes@gmail.com

fuu N+.; moaO;sfha m%;sfrdaOh ´ï 10 g jvd wvqúh hq;= nj iïu;hhs' wyia úikaê moaO;sh
;sìh hq;= l+re .kk iy lïì$má cd,hl udk fukau i,lkq ,nk f.dvke.s,a,l ;sìh hq;= wju
my, ikakdhl m%udKho fhdod .kq ,nk m%ñ;sh wkqj ilia úh hq;=h' Y%S ,xldfõ fï i|yd
;ju;a m%ñ;shla ms<sfh, lr fkdue;s neúka ms<s.;a cd;Hdka;r m%ñ;shla wkqj wl=Kq wdrÌKh
l, hq;= nj oeûfia wjOdrKh lruq' fï i f.dvke.s,af,a msg; ì;a;s yd iïnkaO ishˆu f,day
fldgia wyia úikaêhg fyda ikakdhl moaO;shg iïnkaO l, hq'=;= njhs' f,dayuh cfk,a mshka yd
Wˆjyq f,day w;aje,a wekafgkd l=ˆKq yd f,day j;=r gexls fï .Khg wh;a fõ' fuu f,day
fldgia iy Wmdx. wl=Kq wdrÌK moaO;shg iïnkaO lrk f,day má$ lïì cd,h ne÷ï moaO;sh
kï fõ'

idudkHfhka wyia úikaê yd my, ikakdhl moaO;s j,g ;U ms;a;, fyda we,qñkshï fhdod .efka'
N+.; moaO;sh i|yd fndfyda úg ;U fhdod .efkk w;r we,qñkshï lsisfia;a fhda.H fkdfõ'
fuu ishˆ˜ moaO;Ska wvq;rñka udi 6 g jrlaj;a mrSÌd lsrSu fhda.H fõ'

f.dvke.s,a,lg wl=Kq wdrÌKh ,ndoSfïoS th fldmuK iQÌuj l, hq;=o hkak wdrÌK uÜgu
(Level of Protection) u.ska fokq ,efí' fuu wdrÌK uÜgu .Kkh lsrSfïoS lreKq lSmhla
i,ld nef,a' f.dvke.s,a, msysá m%foaYfha wl=Kq >K;ajh ^jirlg jrA. lsf,daógrhl m%foaYhlg
jeosh yels wl=Kq m%udKfha idudkH w.h&, f.dvke.s,f,a Wi, f.dvke.s,f,a iajNdjh ñka lreKq
lSmhls' WodyrKhla f,i Y%S ,xldfõ lˆ;r osia;%slalfha msysá f.dvke.s,a,lg yïnkaf;dg
osia;%slalfha we;s f.dvke.s,a,lg jvd by< wdrÌK uÜgula ,nd osh hq;=h' tfiau idudkH
jHdmdrsl ia:dkhlg jvd jeû wdrÌK uÜgula r;s[a[d lïy,lg ,ndosh hq;=hs' wdrÌK
uÜgul jeû jk úg wl=Kq wdrÌK moaO;sh i|yd jeh jk uqo,o jeûfõ' tneúka hï
f.dvke.s,a,la i|yd ksjeros wjodkï úYaf,aIKhla (risk analysis) lsrSu w;sYhskau jeo.;a fõ'

wyia õikaê jrA.

f.dvke.s,s wdrÌKfhaoS f,day l+re moaO;shla ^ fuh marEkala,Ska l+re moaO;sh f,i yeoskafõ'&
fhdod .kafka kï tysoS ie,lsh hq;= uQ,sl lreKla we;' tkï f,day l+rlska wdrÌKh jk Wmrsu
jy, m%foaYh tu f,day l+frA os.g iudk wrhlska hq;a jD;hla njhs' (rE 9a)

fuh iEu cd;Hdka;r m%ñ;shlu mdfya oelafjk lreKls' fuysoS hï f.dvke.s,a,lg fhosh hq;=
l+re .kk iy wod, my, ikakdhl m%udKh úYd, neúka wdrÌK moaO;sfha úhou wêlh'

óg ms<shula jYfhka uE;loS fmr oyre úfudapl Wml%uh (Early Streamer Emission devices)
kñka ;dÌKhla ìys úh' marEkala,Skaf.a fidhd .ekSï j,ska miqj ^jir 225 g;a miq& wl=Kq
wdrÌK moaO;s j, isÿjQ m%:u jeû oshqKq lsrSu fuhhs' fuu ;dÌKhg wkqj l+frA hï ia:dkhl
iú l, Wmdx.hla u.ska b;d fõ.fhka ms<s;=re kshuqfjla mshjr kshuq pek,h n,d .uka lrjhs'
fï ksid idudkH f,day l+rlg mshjr kshuq pek,fha fÌ;% ;Sj%;djh oekS tu.ska iajhx oyrejla
(Self Streamer) cks; ù th ms<s;=re kshuqfjl= f,i mshjr kshuq pek,h fj; weoS hdug jvd
b;d flá ld,hloS kj ;dÌKh fh¥ f,day l+r tu ldrAh iïmQrAK lrhs' fï wkqj fmr oyre
úfudapl l+rl iM, Wi (effective height) tys fN!;sl Wig (physical height) jvd fndfyda jeâ
nj fuu l+re ksYamdolhkaf.a woyihs' (rE 9b) fuys m%;sM,hla f,i fmr oyre úfudapl l+rla

8
SATRIC Dr. Chandima Gomes chandima.gomes@gmail.com

fh¥ f.dvke.s,a,lg tla l+rla tla my, ikakdhlhla iy tla N+.; ikakdhlhla u.ska wdrÌK
moaO;sh iïmQrAK l< yels nj ksYamdolhka i|yka lrhs' fuysoS ms<s;=re kshuqjd blauka lsrSug
fhdok Wml%uh ksYamdolhka fy<s lr ke;' tfy;a uq,au hq.fhaoS fï i|yd úlsrKYS,S iuia:dksl
Ndú;d l, w;r miqj th wldrAhÌu yd wka;rdhlr l%uhla f,i i,lkq ,enQfhka tu l+re
f.dvke.s,s j,ska bj;a lr .kakd ,oS' miqj yÿkajd ÿka fmr oyre úfudapl Wml%u i|yd
bf,lafg%daksl foda,l, mSfida bf,laá%la WmlrK, bf,lafg%dav mr;r fY%aKs wdosh fhdod .kakd nj
Wml,amkh l, yel'

fuu fmr oyre úfudapl moaO;sj,

a b
rE 9 a marEkala,Ska l+re moaO;sh
b fmr oyre úfudapl moaO;sh
l%shdldrs;ajh ms<sn|j fkdfhl=;a m%Yak
u;= jQ w;r f,dj mqrd úoHd{hska fndfyda
fofkl= fuu Wml%uh m%ñ;s.; lrkjdg
oeûfia úfrdaOh oelaùh' fuys m%;sM,h
f,i iEu cd;Hdka;r m%ñ;shlskau mdfya
fuu ;dÌKh m%;slafIam úh' tfy;a m%xY
m%ñ;sh muKla fuh ms<s.;a w;r bka
wk;=re ol=Kq hqfrdamSh rgj,a lsysmhla
;u m%ñ;s ;=,g fmr oyre úfudapl
;dÌKh we;=,;a lrk ,oS' fuh tu
ksYamdolhka ,enQ úYd, ch.%yKhla úh'

Y%S ,xldfõ isák wl=Kq wdrÌK moaO;s wf,ú lrkakkaf.ka 75] lau fmr oyre úfudapl moaO;s
Wmfhda.S lr .kS' fï wkqj ,xldfõ f.dvke.s,s úYd, m%udKhla fuu ;dÌKh u; wl=Kq
wdrÌKh ,nd .kS' tneúka m%xY m%ñ;sh fuu ;dÌKh ms<s.;a;;a fuys we;s hï wvqmdvq fmkajd
oSu wmf.a hq;=luls'

Y%S ,xldfõ wf,ú jk iEu fmr oyre úfudapl moaO;shlau blauka ms<s;=re kshuq iemhSula lrk
njg mrSÌKd.dr iy;sl imhhs' tneúka fï ms<sn|j wms ixjdo fkdlruq' tfy;a fuu m%xY
m%ñ;sh wkqj tla wyia úikaêhla$my, ikakdhlhla$N+.; l+rla fhdod .ekSfïoS fjk;a .egˆ
u;=úh yels nj wms wjOdrKh lruq'

ñka m,uq lreK kï tla udrA.hlska wl=Kq Odrdj fmd<jg .uka lsrSfï oS f.dvkef.k wêl
úNjhhs' fï wkqj wl=Kq Odrdj ikakdhl moaO;sh yryd .uka lroaoS tys by< fldgig
wdikakj f.dvkef.k wêl úNjh fya;=fjka f.dvke.s,af,a wkdrÌs; fldgia j, me;s wl=Kq
myr j,a jeosh yel' úfYaIfhkau Wi f.dvke.s,s iïnkaOfhka fuh ;oska n,mdhs' rE 10a

wfkla lreK kï hïlsis wdldrhlska wyia úikaêhg iïnkaO fkdjk mshjr kshuq pek,hla
.%yKh lr .ekSug Wml%uhla fkdue;s ùuhs' rE 10b marEkala,Ska moaO;s l%ufhaoS my, ikakdhl
moaO;sh yd ne÷ï moaO;sh (Bonding System) u.ska fun÷ wl=Kla fndfyda úg .%yKh lr .kakd
neúka f.dvke.s,af,a wkdrÌs; fldgila yd wl=K iïnkaO ùug we;s bvlv wvqh' tfy;a fmr
oyre úfudapk l%ufhaoS fun÷ wdjrKhla fkd,efí'

9
SATRIC Dr. Chandima Gomes chandima.gomes@gmail.com

a b

rE 10 fmr oyre úfudapl Wml%ufhaoS

u;=úh yels .egˆ

oekg fj<| fmdf,a we;s wfkla wyia úikaê ;dÌKh kï wl=Kq úlrAIlhhs' (Lightning
Repeller) ' fuu ;dÌKh wkqj mshjr kshuq pek,h fmd<jg wdikak jk úg fuu wyia úikaê
WmlrKh u.ska úYd, wdfrdamk m%udKhla wjg wjldYhg ksl=;a lrhs' fuu wdfrdamk j<dj
u.ska f.dvke.s,a, wdjrKh (Screen) lrk neúka wl=K fjk;a ;eklg úlrAYkh fõ' ;j;a
wdldrhlska fuu ixisoaêh úia;r lrk ksYamdolhd we;sjk wdfrdamk j<dj u.ska mshjr kshuq
pek,fha we;s m%;súreoaO wdfrdamk WodiSk lrk nj mjihs' fuu meyeos,s lsrSu fï jk úg ms<s.;a
wl=Kq wdrÌK ixl,amhg m%;s úreoaO fõ' fï ksid f,dj lsisÿ m%ñ;shlska fuu l%uh ms<s wrf.k
ke;' fuu l%uh ksjeros kï kHIaÀl n,d.dr úÿ,s n,d.dr bkaOk .nvd wdoshg fuh b;d iqÿiq
wl=Kq wdrÌK l%uhla fõ' Y%S ,xldfõo wl=Kq úlrAIk wyia úikaê fj<| fmdf,a we;'

irAck wdrÌKh

fuysoS isÿ flfrkqfha fiajd /yeka yryd meñfKk wl=Kq Odrd iy úNj iamkao f.dvke.s,a, fyda
WmlrK ;=,g hdu je,elaùuhs' jrA;udkfha Rcq yd me;s wl=Kq j,g jvd úYd, foam, ydkshla
isÿjkafka fujeks wl=Kq irAck u.sks'

irAck wdrÌKfhaoS úÿ,s ÿrl:k yd o;a; /yeka moaO;s i|yd fjk fjku wdrÌl Wmdx.
fhosh hq;=hs' fuysoS fhdod .kakd uQ,sl isoaOdka;h kï wl=Kq irAck Odrdj irAck wdrÌK
Wmdx.h yryd N+.; lsrSuhs' fuu irAck wdrÌK WmlrK idudkH wjia:dj,oS fiajd /yefka
.,d hk Odrdjkag lsisÿ ndOdjla fkdlrhs' tfy;a wl=Kq irAckhla meñfKk úg WmlrKh
l%shd;aul ù fiajd /yek;a N+.; udrA.h;a w;r ¨yqj;a mrsm:hla we;s lrhs' tneúka wl=Kq
irAck Odrdj f.dvke.s,a, fyda WmlrKhg we;=ˆ fkdù ksremøs;j N+.; fõ (rE 11)' wl=Kq
irAckh blau .sh miq WmlrKh kej;;a fmr ;;ajhg meñfKa' túg th fiajd /yek yd l=uk
wdldrfhkaj;a wka;rAl%shdjla isÿ lrkafka ke;'

10
SATRIC Dr. Chandima Gomes chandima.gomes@gmail.com

idudkHfhka irAck wdrÌK Wmdx. fiajd /yek

f.dvke.s,a,g msúfik ia:dkfha iúlrkq ,efí' óg
wu;rj jákd bf,lafg%dksl WmlrK iy hka;% iQ;%
wi, wu;r irAck wdrÌK Wmdx. iúlrkq ,efí'
fuysoS fmr i|yka l, mrsos tla tla fiajd moaO;shg
wod,j kshudldrfha irAck wdrÌK moaO;s fhdod
.; hq;=h' fï jk úg Y%S ,xldj ;=, olakg ,efnk
ishˆ˜ irAck wdrÌK WmlrK ^b;d iSñ;
m%udKhla yer& msgráka wdkhkh lrkq ,nhs'
fuu.ska úYd, uqo,a m%udKhla wm ráka bj;g weoS
hhs' rE 11

N+.; moaO;sh

FldmuK jákd f.dvke.s,s yd irAck wdrÌK moaO;s fhÿj;a N+.; moaO;sh kshudldrfhka
fkdue;s kï wl=Kq wdrÌK moaO;sfhka wjYH m%;sM, fkd,efí' úfYaIfhkau f.dvke.s,s
wdrÌKfhaoS wl=Kq wdrÌK moaO;shla fkdue;s ùug jvd ÿrAj, N+.; moaO;shla iys;j wl=Kq
wdrÌK moaO;shla ;sîu Nhdklh' fï ksid wl=Kq wdrÌK moaO;s imhkakka fukau tu moaO;s
,nd .kakkao N+.; moaO;sh flfrA úfYaI wjOdkhla fhduq l, hq;=h' cd;Hdka;r m%ñ;Skag wkqj
f.dvke.s,a,l we;s úúO N+.; lsrSï ^úÿ,s N+.;h ÿrl:k N+.;h wl=Kq wdrÌK N+.;h wdoS&
tlsfkl iïnkaO l, hq;=h' Y%S ,xldfõ fuh isÿ fkdflfrk w;r tjeks iïnkaOhla flfrA w¯,
fiajd imhkakka ;rfha úfrdaOh mdk wjia:do oelsh yel' fï ksid N+.; lsrSï iïnkaOfhka úÿ,s
ÿrl:k wl=Kq wdrÌK wdoS fiajd iemhqïlrejka w;r l:sldj;la we;slr hï tlÕ;djhlg
meñKsh hq;=h'

wl=Klska ñksia cSú;hg isÿjk wk;=re

wl=Kla yd iïnkaOj mqoa.,fhl=g isÿqúh yels wk;=re úúOdldrh' fï wk;=re isÿqúh yels
wdldrh;a tajd j,lajd .; yels l%u;a wms i,ld n,uq'

iDcq wl=Kq myrla jeoSu

mshjr kshuq pek,hla my<g meñfKk úg th yuqùug hjk m%:u ms<s;=re kshuqjd ;ud fj;ska
kslauqfKa kï tu mqoa.,hd iDcq wl=Kq myrlg ,lafõ' tneúka wl=Kq iys; ld,.=K ;;ajhla
mj;sk úg ;ud isák jgmsgdfõ we;s Wiu jia;=j ;ud ùfuka j<lskak' fï wkqj wl=Kq iys;
ld,.=Khl oS my; oelafjk l%shdj, fhoSfuka j<lskak' msÜgkshl" uqyqÿ fjrf<a" md¿ mdrl"
jy,hla u; fyda fjk;a újD; N+ñhl isàu" lª ke.Su" újD; fndaÜgqjl keÕS
keÕS .x.djl fyda
id.rfha .uka lsrSu" mdr fomi we;s úÿ,s yd ÿrl:k /yeka w¿;a jeähd lsrSu" fodUlr yd
újD; fidamdkj, keÕS by< ia:dkj, jev lsrSu" l=Uqre flàu iy j.d ìïj, fmdfydr biSu'

11
SATRIC Dr. Chandima Gomes chandima.gomes@gmail.com

me;s wl=Kq myrla jeoSu

wjg we;s f.dvke.s,a,la" .ila" fldû lKqjla wdoS jia;=jlg josk wl=Klska .,k Odrdj fyda bka
fldgila me;s myrla f,i Tnf.a isrer ;=<g msúish yel' tneúka úfYaIfhkau wl=Kq iys;
ld,.=K ;;aj hgf;a úYd, .ia hg isàu b;d wk;=reodhlh' oekg f,dalfha jeûu m%udKhla
wl=kq wk;=re isÿjkafka fuf,i .ia hg /|S isàfuks' b;d oeûj wl=Kq mj;sk wjia:djl Tn
wl=Kq wkdrCIs; ksjila ;=< isáhs kï ì;a;s yd úÿ,s /yekaj, isg wju jYfhka 2 m ;rï fyda
wE;aj isàu kqjKg yqre h'

fiajd udrA.hlska meñafKk wl=Kq Odrdjlg ,laùu

wl=Kq iys; ld,.=Khl oS Tng ÿrl:kh" úÿ,s moaO;sh fuka u c,k, moaO;sh yryd o wl=Kq
n,mEula we;súh yel' fï ksid ;on, f,i wl=Kq josk wjia:djl ÿrl:kh Ndú; lsrSu" úÿ,s
moaO;sh w¿;ajeûhd lsrSu fyda c,k, moaO;shla u.ska kEu ^úfYaIfhka u ksjfia jy,h u; /|jQ
c, wiqrKhlska meñfKk c,h& wk;=reodhl h' fuys oS ÿrl:kh Ndú; fkdlr isàug Tnf.a
úfYaI wjOdkh fhduq lrkak' ukaoh;a f,dalfha fï jkúg ksji ;=< oS jeûu wk;=re ixLHdjla
wl=Kq wdY%s;j isÿj we;af;a ÿrl:k Ndú;d lsrSfuks' cx.u ÿrl:k Ndú;d lsrSsu wk;=reodhl
ke;'

we,a,qï úNjh ^Touch

^ potential&&

Tn .ila" f.dvke.s,a,l fldgila fyda fldû.ila w,a,df.k isá;e hs is;kak' fuu jia;=jg
wl=Kla jeÿk úg th lrd .uka lrk úYd, Odrdj ksid tys wêl úNj wka;rhla f.dv kef.a'
tneúka Tn .i w,a,df.k isák ia:dkh yd fmd<j iu. iïnkaO Tnf.a mdoh w;r úNj
wka;rhla we;s fõ' fuys m%;sM,hla f,i Tnf.a YrSrh yryd ;rul Odrdjla .,d hhs' fuu
.,dhdu YrSrfha jeo.;a bJø%shhka yryd isÿjqjfyd;a b;d oreKq m%;sM, f.k fokq we;'

mshjr úNjh ^Step

^ potential&&

wi,lg wl=Kla jeÿkq úg tu ia:dkfhka bj;g úNj wkql%uKhla we;s fõ' hï moa.,hl= fï
úNj wkql%uKhg wrShj ish mdo ;ndf.k we;s úg ^tla ll=,la wl=Kq jeÿkq ia:dkhg wi,ska o
wfkl ÿrska o we;s úg& Tyqf.a YrSrh yryd úNj wkql%uKhla we;s fõ' túg isrer yryd .,k
Odrdj wk;=reodhl ùug mq¿jk' úfYaIfhka u .jhka" ó yrl=ka wdoS i;=kaf.a fmr yd miq fomd
o w;r jeû ÿrla we;s neúka Tjqka mshjr úNjhg Ndckh ù ñh hdu iq,n h' ñka je<lS isàu
i|yd cd;Hka;r m%ñ;Ska ksrAfoaY lrk mrsos" oeû wl=Kq iys; ld,.=Khl oS ll=,a fol lsÜgqfjka
;nd f.k weK ;shd" folka oE;ska jid oKysia u; uqyqK fydjd .kak (rE 12). lsis úfgl ìu
ksoshdfuka j<lskak'

fm%ars; úNjh ^Induced

^ Potential&&

fuh l,d;=rlska wk;=re isÿjk wdldrhls' wi, .ilg wl=Kla josk wjia:djl wkdrCIs; f,day
mshiaila iys; ^glrx jeks& f.dvke.s,a,l Tn isá;e hs l,amkd lrkak' mshjr kshuq myr;a
iu. fuu f.dvke.s,af,a jyf,ka o ms<s;re kshuqfjka weoS hhs' fï iu.u jy,fha hg me;af;a
úYd, iDK wdfrdamkhla fm%arKh jk w;r tu.ska tys isák mqoa.,hd u; wdfrdamK úirAckhla

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SATRIC Dr. Chandima Gomes chandima.gomes@gmail.com

we;súh yel' tu mqoa.,hd Woe,a,la" fmdrjla jeks f,dayuh fldgila iys; WmlrKhla Wrysi
u; ;ndf.k isáfha kï úirAckhla ùug we;s bvlv jeû h'

rE 12 cd;Hka;r m%ñ;Ska ksrAfoaYh. oeû wl=Kq iys; ld,.=Khl oS ll=,a fol lsÜgqfjka ;nd f.k
weK ;shd" folka oE;ska jid oKysia u; uqyqK fydjd .kak. lsis úfgl ìu ksoshdfuka j<lskak'

wl=Kq Odrdjla Tng YdrSrsl ydks isÿ lrk wdldr lsysmhla we;' fï .ek hï wjfndaOhla
,nd.ekSu Tng m%fhdackj;a ùh yel'

yDoa wlrKsh ^Ventricular

^ Fibrillation&&

yDoh jia;=fjka reêrh fmdïm lrkafka b;d l%uj;aj tys we;s >k ì;a;s ixfldapkh ùfuks'
YrSrh mqrd reêrh ixirKh jkafka fuys oS fhfok mSvkh u.sks' wl=Kq Odrdjla YrSrh yryd
.,d .sh úg fuu l%uj;a ixfldapkh fud<fha md,kfhka neyer ù" tla tla lka;=j fjk fjk u
ixfldapkh ùug mgka .kS' fuu wl%uj;a l%shdj,sfha m%;sM,h jkafka reêr ixirKhg wjYH
mSvkh fkd,eî hduhs' fuu ;;ajh úkdû 4-5 g jvd mej;sh fyd;a frda.shd urKhg m;a fõ'

Yajikh kej;Su ^Respiratory

^ Arrest&&

wl=Kq Odrdj fud<fha my< fldgfia we;s Yajik flaJøh yryd .uka l<fyd;a fuu fldgi yd
iïnkaO iakdhq moaO;sh wlrAukH úh yel' fuu ;;ajh u; frda.shdg yqiau .ekSu wmyiq fyda
iïmQrAKfhkau fkdyels ;;ajhla we;sjk w;r úkdû lsysmhl oS h:d ;;ajhg m;a fkdjqfka kï
urKh isÿ fõ'

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SATRIC Dr. Chandima Gomes chandima.gomes@gmail.com

ms<siaiqï

wl=KQ Odrdj .e,Sfï oS CIKslj we;sjk úYd, WIaK;aj jeûùu fkdfhl=;a wdldrfha ms<siaiqï
;=jd, j,g frda.shd Ndckh lrhs' fuys oS wl=Kq Odrdj YrSrfhka msg; udrA.hla Tiafia .uka
l<fyd;a frda.shd ifï ms<siaiqïj,g muKla ,la fõ' tfy;a Odrdj YrSrfha wNHka;r fldgia
yryd .uka l<fyd;a ;;ajh nerEreï úh yel' óg wu;r j wl+K ksid wjg we;sjk .skafkka
o frda.shdg ;jÿrg;a msA<siaiqï we;súh yel' Tn wl=Kq myrlg Ndckh jQ miq my; oelafjk
frda. ,CIK we;akï th YrSr wNHka;rfha we;s ms<siaiqï ms<sn| j wkdjrKh lrhs' tjeks
;;ajhka ;=< jydu ffjoHjrhl= yuqjkak' YrSrfha udxY fmaYsj, rsoSu yd ysrsjeàu" YrSrh ;=<ska
weÿïlkjd jeks n,j;a rsoSï we;sùu" Y%jKh wmyiq ùu ^fuh f.rùu b;d wdikakfha we;sùfï
m%;sM,hla o úh yel&" YrSrfha iunr;djh ke;s ùu" fmkSu ÿrAj, ùu" iakdhq wdndO'

oaú;Sl wdndO

wl=Kq Odrdj weÕ ;=<g msúiSu;a iu.u we;sjk udxY fmaYSkaf.a CIKsl ixfldapkh fya;=fjka
mqoa.,hd fndafyda úg md,khlska f;drj weof.k jefÜ' fuys m%;sM,hla f,i ;e,Sï" iSrSï fukau
ysialn, yd wia:s mqmqrd hdulg o Ndckh úh yel' wl=Kq jeÿkq mqoa.,fhl=g m%:udOdr oSfï oS yd
Tyqj p,kh lsrSfï oS fï ms<sn|j o l,amkdldrS úh hq;= h'

udkisl n,mEï

wl=Kla jeoSfï oS we;sjk b;d oSma;su;a wdf,dalh" ìysiqKq f.rùu yË" b;d oeä YdrSrsl fõokdj"
;ud wjg we;sjk wk;=re" urK yd úkdYh frda.shd udkisl jYfhka oeû lïmkhlg m;a lrhs'
fï ksid wl=Kq myrlg f.dÿre jQfjla ásl l,la hk;=re iajdNdúl yeisrSfï rgdfjka fjkia ùug
fyda ks;r isysfkka ìh ùug mq¿jk'

wl=Kq myrlg f.dÿrejQfjl=f.a YrSrfha lsisÿ wdfrdamkhla r|d fkdmj;S' tneúka wjg isák
whf.a hq;=lu jydu bosrsm;a ù m%:udOdr ,nd oSuhs' kshudldrfhka m%:udOdr ,efnkafka kï wl=Kq
jeoSfuka isÿjk urK ishhg wkQjlau j<ld ,ekSug mq¿jk' frda.shd Yajikh fkdlrhs kï
lD;su Yajikh osh hq;= w;r yDo iamkaOkh fkdjefÜ kï yDo iïndykh ,nd osh hq;= h' fï
m%:udOdr l%u iqÿiq mrsos ,nd oSu i|yd mdi,a isiqka oekqj;a lsrSu b;d jeo.;a fõ' wl=Kq jeÿkq
frda.Ska lsysmfofkl= tljr isàhs kï jeûu wudrejla we;s mqoa.,hd fj; m%:ufhka wjOdkh
fhduq l< hq;= h' fuys oS "ñh.sh" wdldrfhka mqoa.,fhl= isà kï Tyq flfrA oeû wjOdkhla fhduq
lrkak' fuh idudkH m%:udOdr iïu;hg fjkia h' wl=Kla jeoS Yajik moaO;sh yd iakdhq
moaO;sh wlrAukH jk wfhla CIKhlska "ñh.sh" wdldrhg m;ajk kuq;a Tjqkaf.ka jeû fofkl=
kshñ; m%:udOdr u.ska iïmQrAK h:d ;;ajhg mla l< yel'

idudkHfhka mqoa.,hl= úoHq;lrKhùu ^electrocution& rnrA fifrmamq fyda fjkhï mrsjdrl

mdjyka jrA.hla me,| isàfuka" j,lajd .; yel' tfy;a wl=Kq myrlska fírSu i|yd fujeks
mrsjdrl mdjyka fyda ma,diaála jeys lnd wdosfhka lsisÿ wdrCIKhla fkd,efÄ Ä' tfiau wl=Kq
m%ydrhg ,lajk mqoa.,hdf.a YrSrh ;=<ska b;d flá ld,hla ;=< oS Odrdj .,d ksudjk neúka
Tyqf.a YrSrh ;=< lsisÿ wdfrdamkhla fkd/f|a' tneúka wl=Kla jeÿkq mqoa,.fhl=g m%:udOdr oSfï
oS Tyq iamrAY lsrSu i|yd Tn lsisfia;a ìhúh fkdhq;= w;r rnrA fifrmamq jeks wdjrKhla me<|
isàfï lsisÿ wjYH;djhla ke;'

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SATRIC Dr. Chandima Gomes chandima.gomes@gmail.com

wl=Kq yd iïnkaO fjk;a lreKq

f.da, wl=Kq

jeysnr ld,.=Khla mj;sk úg wyfia isg .sks fnda, my;a jk njg jdrA;djla ,eî we;' fïjd ,d
ly isg ;o r;= jrAKh olajd úúO meyehkaf.ka hqla; nj o l=vd rglcq weghl isg úYd,
mdmkaÿjla olajd m%udKhkaf.ka hqla; jk nj o ñksiqka oel we;' fïjd wo fmdÿfõ f.da, wl=Kq
hkqfjka ye|skafõ' f.da, wl=Kl .;s.=K ms<sn| jdrA;d úúOdldr fõ' fïjd ñksfil= weúosk
fõ.fhka fmdf<dj u; fmd,d mksñka .uka lrk nj;a úÿ,s yd ÿrl:k /yeka yryd fõ.fhka
.uka lrk nj;a jdrA;d fõ' fndfyda f.da, wl=Kq c,h fj; wdlrAYkh jk nj o jid we;s ùÿre
cfk,a ;=<ska .uka lrk nj o jdrA;dj,ska fmkS hhs' f.da, wl=Kla yd .egqkq úg b;d oreKq
m%;sM, f.k fok nj iEu jdrA;djlskau mdfya ikd: fõ' fuys oS urKh isÿjQ wjia:d fndfydauhla
o b;d oeû ms<siaiqï ;=jd, isÿjQ wjia:d o we;' tla reishdkq ldka;djlf.a mdo yryd f.da,
wl=Kla weoShdfuka wk;=rej wehf.a fomd wÕ=re njg m;a ù we;s w;r fuys oS wehg ms<siaiSu
ms<sn|j ye.Sula oekS ke;' idudkHfhka f,dalfha fndfyda rgj, f.da, wl=Kq oelSu b;d úr,
ixisoaêhls' tfy;a Y%S ,xldfõ miq.sh jljdkqj ;=< widudkH wdldrfhka úYd, f.da, wl=K
wk;=re m%udKhla jdrA;d fõ' fuu isoaëkaf.a i;H;dj ms<sn|j fuf;la .fõIKhla isÿlr
fkdue;' f.da, wl=Kq ms<sn| jdrA;d fldmuK ;snqk;a tajdfha úoHd;aul miqìu ms<sn|j meyeos,s
ú.%yhla lsrSug fuf;la úoHd{hka iu;a ù ke;' bosrsm;a lr we;s u;jdo w;r f.da, wl=Kq
hkq ;Sj_r úoHq;a pqïNl fCI;%hla ;=< idJøkh jQ ma,diaud ;r,hla nj jvd;au ms<s.ekSulg
Ndckh ù we;'

tla wl=Klska lsysm fofkl= ñh hdu

óg jir lsysmhlg fmr ol=Kq wm%sldkq rgl mdmkaÿ lKavdhula ;rÕh wdrïN lsrSug b;d
wdikakj ;sìh oS wl=Kq m%ydrhlg ,laúh' fuys oS b;d wjdikdjka; f,i lKvdhfïa l%Svlhka
tfldf,dia fokdu ñh .sfhah' óg jir lsysmhlg fmr Y%S ,xldfõ o mia fofkl= tlu wl=Kq
myrlska ñh .sfhah' fuf,i tla wl=Kq myrlg fndfyda fofkl= ,laùu me;s myrj,a ksid isÿ
fõ' Y%S ,xldfõ isoaêfha oS .ilg jeÿKq wl=Klska me;s myrj,a lsysmhla mekSfuka wk;=r isÿ ù
we;' fï wkqj wl=Kq iys; ld,.=Khla hgf;a Tng ksjiska msg; t<suyfka /|Sug isÿjqfka kï
wi, isák whg wE;a ù isák f,i ^wju jYfhka wä 6 la j;a& Wmfoia fokak'

f;; weªï we|f.k isák úg wl=Kla jeoSu

Tn f;; weªula we| isák úg wl=Kq myrlg f.dÿre jqjfyd;a úYd, ydkshla isÿ fkdù fírSug
bv we;' óg fya;=j f;; weªïj, m%;sfradaOh wvq ùuhs' túg wl=Kq Odrdj YrSr wNHka;rfhka
.uka fkdfldg YrSrh msg;ska .uka lsrSug we;s bvlv jeû h' r;%x ud,hla me<| isák
mqoa.,hka wl=Kq myrj,ska wdrCIdfj;e hs u;hla iuyr rgj, we;af;a o fï moku u; hehs
is;sh yel'

15
SATRIC Dr. Chandima Gomes chandima.gomes@gmail.com

,xldfõ jeûmqr wl=Kq josk m%foaY ;sfí o ?

yqol,d lª.eghla u; ;sfnk .ïudkhlg jeûmqr wl=Kq jeoSu iajdNdúlh' tfy;a úfYaIs;
N+f.da,Sh fya;= idOl fkdue;sj wl=Kq >k;ajh b;d wêal jk m%foaY ,xldfõ we;' fm!oa.,slj
,efnk f;dr;=re yd ,xldfõ m%Odk wdh;k lsysmhl jdrAIsl wl=Kq wk;=re jdrA;d wkqj my;
oelafjk m%foaY wl=Kq wêl l,dm f,i yªkdf.k we;' nq<;aisxy," háhkaf;dg" wúiaidfõ,a,"
fydrK" bx.sßh" mdÿlal" u;=.u" l¿;r" wl=/iai" w;=re.sßh" ìh.u" ksÜgUqj" ó.uqj" lgqkdhl,
fld<U fï w;rska m%Odk fõ' fuu m%foaYj, wl=Kq jeûúug fya;=jk idOl ms<sn|j fï jk úg
.fõIKh flfrñka mj;sk w;r h:d ld,fha oS ta ms<sn|j jeûÿr f;dr;=re ,nd.; yels jkq
we;'

ÿrl:k" rEmjdyskS yd .=jka úÿ,s l=¿Kq ksid wl=Kq jeûfõ o?

o

miq.sh jir lsysmh ;=< Y%S ,xldfõ m%foaY rdYshl fiajd l=¿Kq f.dvk.kq ,eîh' fï iu.u
wl=Kq yd iïnkaOj wjg m%foaYjdiSkaf.ka meñKs,s rdYshla ,efnkakg úh' ñka tla meñKs,a,la
kï l=¿Kq msysgjQjdg miq m%foaYfha ksjdi yd cSú;j,g jk wl=Kq ydksh jeû jQ nj h' wfkla
meñKs,a, kï l=¿Kg wl=Kq wdrCIK WmlrK iúl,dg miq m%foaYfha wl=Kq wk;=re ixLHdj jeû
jQ nj h' idudkH úoHd;aul ms,s.ekSu kï l=¿Kla u.ska wl=Kla Wmeoaoúu ^triggering a lightning&
i|yd tys Wi wju jYfhka ógr 150 j;a úh hq;= h' l=¿fKa Wi óg jvd wXœkï tu.ska fmd<jg
meñfKk wl=Kq .Kfka m%udKh jeäùula isÿ fkdfõ' ,eî we;s f;dr;=re wkqj brkús, weursldkq
yË iïfm%aIK l=¿K jeks lsysmhla yerekq fldg ,xldfõ msysgqjd we;s iïfm%aIK l=¿Kq ógr 150
iSudjg jvd wvqfõ' tneúka l=¿K u.ska wl=Kq m%udKh jeäfj;e hs lsj yels wjia:d ,xldj ;=<
we;af;a w,am m%udKhls' B,. lreK kï l=¿Kg wl=Kq wdrCIKh fh¥ úg wl=Kq wk;=re
jeûùuhs' wjg m%foaYfha f.dvke.s,sj,g jvd l=¿Kl Wi jeû neúka l=¿Kg wl=Kq wdrCIK
moaO;shla fh¥ úg wjg m%foaYhg jeosh yels wl=Kla jqj o l=¿K fj;g weo .kS' fï wkqj l=¿K
wjg ksjdij,g wdrCIKhla ,nd foa' tfy;a .eg¿j we;af;a l=¿Kg iemhQ wl=Kq wdrCIl
moaO;sfha N+.; lsrSu iïnkaOfhks' wl=Kq wdrCIK moaO;sfha N+.; iïnkaOh i;=gqodhl fkdue;s
kï wdrCIK moaO;sh wdlrAIKh lr.kakd wl=Kq Odrdj ksremoaøs;j N+.; ùu kshudldrfhka isÿ
fkdfõ' túsg Odrdj fmd<j u;=msáka fndfyda ÿrlg .,d hhs' fuh mshjr úNjfha me;srShdula
f,i o ú.%y l< yel' fï fya;=fjka wi, ksjdij, úÿ,s .Dy NdKav yd bf,lafg%dksl WmlrK
úkdY ù hd yel' ;j o t<suyf,a isák whl= mshjr úNjhg f.dÿreùfuka wk;=re isÿúh yel'
óg wu;rj l=¿K yryd .,d hk wl=Kq Odrdj u.ska wdikakfha we;s úÿ,s /yeka u; fm%arKh
jk úYd, úoHq;a úNjh ua.skao WmlrK úkdY ùug bvlv we;

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