METHODS AND STRUCTURE OF THE CEBU CORDOVA LINK EXPRESSWAY

A Technical Report Presented

to the Faculty of the University of

Cebu-Main Campus

And prof.Gianne Rensen V. Antonio

By

Quino, Diovenzun G.

Dalaguit, joven D.

Santos, Kerr Patrick

Pondoyo, Christian Klent

October 15, 2018

Introduction

Decades of research and studies have been done to achieve what we have now. The modern

methods in Construction and Structures that surpassed ordinary minds beliefs in general

construction or civil engineering works. This study is primarily base on the upcoming

construction of the Cebu Cordova Link Expressway or known as the CCLEX. The objective

is to understand what methods in bridge construction and to know more about the structure

itself.

The Cebu Cordova Link Express in one ambitious project by Cebu City Local Government

Unit (LGU), Municipality of Cordova LGU and Metro Pacific Toll Way Development
(MPTDC) last April 2016. This was conceptualized to increase the tourism, economic

growth, economic development and trade in the whole Visayas Region most especially to the

island of Cebu and Mactan.

In designing this iconic structure Designers came up with 8.25-kilometer (km) length and 27

meters (m) in width for the Toll Bridge that is a 2 lane road in both directions that can

accommodate an estimated 40,000 vehicles per day. The Bridge is also held by a 400 meter

(m) cable, supported by two high carbon Steel 145 meter of height and a 60-meter navigation

clearance for sea vehicles.

The question is, is the CCLEX can improve and reduce traffic congestion in Metro Cebu?

How can the project assure the public that this kind of structure is rigid when it comes to

structural design? What are some modern methods of bridge construction and structural

design (material use) that define the overall capability of the CCLEX?

Methods

TThe Philippines as a deep history of bridge construction and to this day some of the bridges

are still used. A long time ago before the Philippines was colonized by the Spaniards, early

natives used boats to cross bodies, not until the Spanish Colonization when bridges were

introduced to the native. As the Colonizers the Spaniards want people to have safe access

from town to town, they constructed roads and bridges for easy access for travelers and

wagons during that time.

The building of roads and bridges, Caminos y Puentes, in the country because there were no

available engineers that time, the Spanish Friars was assigned to supervise the projects.
These friars were neither trained engineers nor builders but with a basic understanding of

construction as their reference they used the books brought in from Mexico or Europe, the

construction of lasting bridges started.

Though replace by Engineers from Spain, the Inspección General de Obras Publicas or the

General Board of Public Works was created by Royal Decree in 1866, the construction of

these bridges, some of the bridges still standing to this day and has proven that old building

principles and techniques are a stepping stone modern technology.

Though during the latter part of Spanish colonization, and with the arrival of the Americans

in 1898, technology did come in with the construction of four significant bridges in the

country.

One Historic bridge well known to be an iconic structure in its time, The Puente de España,

before the Jones Bridge this bridge existed across the Pasig River. Constructed in 1875 to

replace the older Puente Grande, the structure had six spans of pavements and two central

arches made of iron. Capable of accommodating the public and vehicular traffic, at that time

consisting of horse or carabao pulling carts and carriages, the Puente de España lasted until

its subsequent replacement during the 1930’s with Juan Arellano’s Neo-Classical

masterpiece, Jones Bridge.

The most modern bridge in history and stands the longest suspension bridge in the country is

the San Juanico Bridge. This structure was built in on 1969 and finished in 1972 in the time

of President Ferdinand Marcos. The San Juanico Bridge has a span of 2164 meter or 7100

feet, it has a unique design in two parts, the “L” shape span represents the island of Leyte and
 the “S” shape span which represent the island of Samar. This Structure is also made up of

high Carbon steel measured to be 192 meters.

The CCLEX could surpass the existing record of the San Juanico Bridge. The CCLEX length

is estimated to be 8250m, factors to consider in actual construction and length may increase

or lessen.

2.1 INSTRUMENT

In an examination venture information gathering is imperative. Knowing why what, how and

when is essential in some random point in the specialized composition. There is an instrument

for social event information for an exploration venture. This technique infers communication

between the specialist, network and the included person(s) of the subject led.

Get-together research information following this approach regularly infers getting ready

circumstance, assignment, and exercises that connect with the member to cooperate around a

particular subject. The inquiry and target of the subject will decide if the point is to acquire

absolutely cooperation information or information that will advise us about the communication

conduct of the members with respect to the theme.

The information gathering strategies, for the most part, allude to verbal information

accumulation or oral information gathering. This information is accumulated by either video or

sound accounts so they can be investigations after the meeting. This is the most widely

recognized type of instrument in information gathering.

The survey can be utilized in information gathering in the meantime, can turn out to be a piece of

more broad meetings. As in meetings and other comparable techniques, the kind of inquiries we

incorporate into polls should make the members feel good.

They ought to likewise be presented in a non-meddlesome manner so members don't get the

inclination we are making a decision about their way of life, convictions about various dialects or

etymological conduct. Given those inquiries regarding demeanor towards dialects and the

manner in which individuals distinguish themselves

Semantically are normally very delicate issues, it is prudent to present them by implication or

incorporate them in more broad discussions.

Taking Photos or picture utilizing a Camera is additionally an instrument, this errand takes a

picture that starts off a story or an unmistakable account. With regards to picking the pictures,

the analyst needs to consider whether the picture would rouse individuals to state something.

On the off chance that one can't discover anything fascinating or engaging discussion in the

photo, it is exceptionally far-fetched that it will be powerful to inspire information from research

members. Other sorts of the instrument are the most essential in any type of information

gathering. The Pen and scratch pad. In a circumstance where a video and a sound account isn't

accessible.

The number of respondents in the examination of the techniques and structures of Cebu-Cordova

interface roads (CCLEX)

  2 administrator

  2 supervisor

  2 development secretary
  2 workman

  1 utility

  4 overwhelming hardware driver

  2 trucking assistant

  4 bricklayer

  1 steel man

There will be 20 respondents altogether out of the assessed 500 labor of the development of the

Cebu-Cordova interface turnpike (CCLEX)

The determination of respondents is finished by likelihood examining, by taking the qualified

person(s) from a bigger populace under the likelihood testing is stratified inspecting which

implies by gathering or strata the bigger populace by their site area, expected the set of

responsibilities and rank.

The specialists likewise select the respondents to be understanding, know-how with respect to

the venture and the reason why the task came to exist.

Observation checklist

1. What is the method of concrete pouring used in the project

 Manual method by using one bagger mixer

 Heavy equipment method by using transit mixer

2. What is the method of material transfer be done by

 Tower crane

 Manual labor

3. What is the steel material used is

 Medium carbon steel

 High carbon steel

4. What is the bridge section be done by

 Pre-casting the bridge section then connect it section by section

 By from and scaffolds

5. Are the foundation of the CCLEX be done by

 Pile driving foundation

 Typical foundation footing

6. What type of back filling material used

 Limestone

 Duryte

7. What are the size of reinforcement bar use in CCLEX

 32mm

 Costume size
 8. What size of gravel used in CCLEX

 3/4inche

 1 inch

9. Is the method use in the construction of CCLEX be done by

 Pre-casting

 Normal construction(standard)

10. Will asphalt be use in the overlaying of the concrete road be

 Two layer of asphalt

 One layer of asphalt

SURVEY QUESTIONER

1. Does the material used on CCLEX efficient enough?

( ) Yes ( ) No

2. Does the CCLEX designed to improve the traffic?

( ) Yes ( ) No

3. Does the company supplying this project has good reputation?

( ) Yes ( ) No

4. Does the CCLEX project is one of the “ build-build project” by Pres. Duterte?

( ) Yes ( ) No
5. Does the heavy equipment vehicle enough to access CCLEX?

( ) Yes ( ) No

6. Does the project contractors enough to finish the CCLEX on the expected year ?

( ) Yes ( ) No

7. Does the CCLEX has allowable load that can least long?

( ) Yes ( ) No

8. Does the system on constructing the project eligible?

( ) Yes ( ) No

9. Does the project harmful to the environment?

( ) Yes ( ) No

10. Does the structure withstand calamities?

( ) Yes ( ) No

Summary of Results

QUESTION Number of Respondent to Number of Respondent to

Yes No
1.) Does the material used 20 0
on CCLEX efficient
enough?
2.) Does the CCLEX 18 2
designed to improve
 traffic?
3.) Does the Company 18 2
Supplying this project
have good reputation?
4.) Does CCLEX projects 20 0
is one of the “Build-
Build-Build” by Pres.
Duterte
5.) Does the Heavy 17 3
Equipment Vehicles
enough to access
CCLEX?
6.) Does the project 17 3
constructors enough to
finish the CCLEX on
the expected year?
7.) Does the CCLEX 20 0
have allowable loads
that can last longer?
8.) Does the system on 20 0
constructing the
Project eligible?
9.) Does the project 2 18
harmful to the
environment?
10.) Can the 19 1
Structure withstand
Calamities?

Result and Discussion

The Respondents answers to the question are based on their knowledge about the CCLEX

project and their Job description during the duration of the project. The Respondents are

composed of Administrative and Rank and File employees.

QUESTION Number of Respondent to Number of Respondent to

Yes No
1.) Does the material used 20 0
on CCLEX efficient
 enough?

Results of the first question in the survey are that 20 out of 20 of the respondent

answered yes and no respondent answer no. The respondents are fully aware that the materials

used in the project are efficient and computed to the standard base on the Natural Structural Code

of the Philippines (NSCP).

A study titled Materials Efficiency of Building Construction by Antti Ruuska and Tarja

Hakkinen from the VTT Technical Research Center of Finland, Tekniikantie distributed on 1

July 2014 states that Construction and utilization of structures in the EU would impact 42% of

conclusive vitality utilization, around 35% of our ozone-depleting substance outflows and over

half of all extricated materials. It could likewise set aside to 30% of water utilization.

Now a day’s construction materials are evolving and manufacturers produce a much efficient

product for safety and environment-friendly than in the 1800’s to 1900’s. The materials used in

the project are expected to be efficient because of its location and type of structure.

QUESTION Number of Respondent to Number of Respondent to

Yes No
2.) Does the CCLEX 18 2
designed to improve
traffic?

18 out of the 20 respondents answered yes and 2 out of the 20 answered no. The results

show that the increase in traffic in Main Land Cebu to Mactan island and vice versa is extremely

increasing. We interview the 2 respondent who answered no, their reason is the increase in the

number of Vehicles in Cebu and when the CCLEX will be fully operational it will draw in more
people in the Island.

Battling Congestion in Manila, a thesis written by Yves Boquet a United Nations Researcher

on Transport and Communication Bulletin for Asia and the Pacific published in 2013. His study

was based on the data given by the University of the Philippines and Government agency

involved in the research. His conclusion in solving congestion of traffic is lessened private

transport, improving public transport policies and the construction of alternative routes.

The Construction of the Cebu Cordova Express Link will definitely improve traffic coming in

and out of the mainland Cebu and decongesting the number of vehicles entering and exiting the

first and second bridges. The CCLEX is designed mainly to give motorist alternative routes and

to decongest the two existing bridges.

QUESTION Number of Respondent to Number of Respondent to

Yes No
3.) Does the Company 18 2
Supplying this project
have good reputation?

In the findings of the survey question, 18 out of 20 respondents responded yes and only

2 responded no. Their response was based on their experience with the suppliers in Cebu but for

the only reason, the 2 respondents gave an unsatisfactory response because of delayed of

delivery and supply and demand issue but base on the results 18 are confident and satisfied of the

supplier.

A Study on Materials Procurement and Management for Small Companies researched by

Amitabha Bandyopadhyay, John DiMilia, and Suny Farmingdale published in 2002. Their

research is mainly how companies identify good reputed suppliers and the process of procuring

the materials needed for the company. Their conclusion is that companies should have policies
that will determine what the standard of suppliers they want to venture on partnering with and

the steps needed for procuring materials from the suppliers. (peer.asee.org)

The Supply and Demand in the construction industry are always on a rise and fall in prices.

Some supplier has only a few supplies of the materials and the demand is high. That is why

Construction Companies have more than one Suppliers for the materials for the project. Larger

companies have policies that will ensure that the Supplier has a positive reputation.

QUESTION Number of Respondent to Number of Respondent to

Yes No
4.) Does CCLEX projects 20 0
is one of the “Build-
Build-Build” by Pres.
Duterte

In the results of the 4th question of the survey, all respondents agree that the CCLEX is

part of the Build-Build-Build program of the current administration. In an interview with the

Project Manager, his insight of this project (referring to the CCLEX) will boost the economic

growth in the region and will provide more jobs.

An article by Aljun Cainghog published last 2018, the article is about the official description

of the project which includes the length, dimensions, and cost of the project. He also adds that

the project is one of the government’s build-build-build program that will boost the countries

economy and tourist.

The CCLEX will help the Region of Cebu economically and will draw in investors from

different sectors to invest in the region. The said project will also bring a lot of benefit to the

people of Cebu.

QUESTION Number of Respondent to Number of Respondent to

 Yes No
5.) Does the Heavy 17 3
Equipment Vehicles
enough to access
CCLEX?

Due to the existing narrow road going to the CCLEX project site, 17 out of the 20

respondents answered yes that Heavy Equipment Vehicles can access CCLEX but 3 out of the 20

respondent answered no. The Project Manager explained that equipment can access the CCLEX

project site, Dump truck and Trailer Units can enter through the main road but Cranes and other

large Heavy Equipment shall be transported via sea.

Nagavinothini, Mithilesh thesis entitled A Critical Study on Latest Heavy Equipment and Latest

Technologies Used in Road Works and the Types of Equipment and Its Effectiveness for Indian

Roads Equipment Recommendation for Indian Roads -A Critical Study publish last 2016. In his

study that heavy equipment has helped the construction industry with manpower and lessen the

duration of the project.

In the construction industry, heavy equipment is used to lessen manpower and make work on

the site much easier. Equipment used in the project have been strategized on how to be

transported for the benefit of the project.

QUESTION Number of Respondent to Number of Respondent to

Yes No
6.) Does the project 17 3
constructors enough to
finish the CCLEX on
the expected year?

The CCLEX is expected to finish in the year 2020. 17 out of 20 are confident that the

project will be finished on the expected year. That’s around 85% of the whole population

working in the Project. The Project Engineer explained that they estimated that working 8-12
hours a day will lessen or hit the year the project will be finished.

Omar Shehata publishes on 2013 a research about Cost Estimate for Building Projects in Gaza

Strip using Artificial Neural Network. Part of his study is estimating man-hours and the duration

of any project. Calculating man hours depends on the scope of work will determine the project

duration and estimation of the flow of the project. There are steps in calculating projection base

on methods of estimating the cost and man-hours.

Part of the program in the course of Civil Engineering, one subject, in particular, will let you

learn how to do estimations. There are steps in estimating from materials to manpower then

followed by project duration and so on. As Civil Engineers, it is expected that you know how to

compute the estimation of the project.

QUESTION Number of Respondent to Number of Respondent to

Yes No
7.) Does the CCLEX 20 0
have allowable loads
that can last longer?

The National Building Code of the Philippines and the National Structural Code of the

Philippines is used for the specifications needed in designing the CCLEX after the design it has

to be approved from the Department of Public Works and Highways before undergoing to bid.

All loads are giving a factor of safety so that a much larger load is applied it can still withstand

the force load.

Jóhannesson Helgi Jóhannes research on Design of a 170 m span bridge over the fjord

Thorskafjordur in Iceland set an example on how a build should be designed and how the loads

are distributed throughout the bridge without the bridge ever collapsing. Considering the safety,

serviceability, economy, and aesthetics.

In Structural Design in Civil Engineering Program. Computing and knowing the specification
is curial in designing any structure. There is Speciation of loads in different types of structure. In

Bridge design, the loads applied are larger than building computed to be twice or thrice.

QUESTION Number of Respondent to Number of Respondent to

Yes No
8.) Does the system on 20 0
constructing the
Project eligible?

20 out of 20 respondent responded to yes. The system in constructing the project is based

on the specification under the National Structural Code of the Philippines and has been model

from the American

Structural Code. The Constructor believe that the system in constructing the project is eligible.

Jamal Elkaissi publish on 2014 a research about Slide-in Bridge Construction there are a lot of

factors to consider and throughout decades of research, the system we have now in present are

much reliable. Jamal believes that there are a lot of factors to consider in constructing a project.

For what time of concrete to be used and what time of reinforcement bar diameter and other the

loads applied.

Nowadays pre-casting in bridge constructing is common. It is much faster and safer than the

manual method. Pre-casting is much higher in load resistance and it is designed to withstand

greater wind loads and earthquake loads. In the opinion of the researchers that the system on

constructing the CCLEX is eligible.

QUESTION Number of Respondent to Number of Respondent to

Yes No
9.) Does the project 2 18
harmful to the
environment?
 The respondent is confident and reassuring that the project is not harmful to the

environment. They have calculated and surveyed the project site long before designing planning

was implemented. In modern construction, the environment is being considered. As the result of

the question, 18 out for the 20 respondent agree that the project is not harmful to the

environment.

A research by Traci Rider in titled Education, Environment Attitude and the Design

Profession. There are a group of people who protect the environment in any shape and size of the

factors that harm it. In her research there are also standards to protect the environment due to

construction, one insight of the research is the factor of professionalism and awareness of the

environment in designs.

Taking care of the environment is also part of Engineering. Studying and researching ways is

preserving the environment and applying to the design will lessen the global problem regarding

the environment.

QUESTION Number of Respondent to Number of Respondent to

Yes No
10.) Can the 19 1
Structure withstand
Calamities?

The results are 19 out of 20 believes that the Structure can withstand calamities. As

explained The results are 19 out of 20 believes that the Structure can withstand calamities. As

explained by the respondent who answered yes, the factor of calamities has been included in the

computation in designing the CCLEX. Earthquake and strong wind load are considered. Base on

the structural code the strongest wind ever hit the Philippines is around 255 km per hour and the

strongest earthquake is around 7.2. The structural code has increased the factor of safety to give
the structure the maximum strength need to counter the strongest earthquake and wind as

possible

A research by Elsa Chen in titled Multi-hazard Design of Mid-To-High Rise Structures,

published last 2012. In her research, proper planning during the designing stage will decrease the

chances of damages or collapse of the structure. Decades of research and application has proven

that standards given by Building Codes have to be implemented to counter the forces due to

calamities.

As the researchers, our opinion in this question is that it is a must in any construction that

standard given by the Building Code must be followed and strictly implemented for the safety of

the community using the structure. It is certain that calamities can happen anytime and the

decades of research has prevented further harm to the community.

Conclusion

The Cebu-Cordova Link Expressway is a project to look forward to in the

year 2022. The CCLEX is one of the examples of modern-day construction, the

bridge is constructed using a method called pre-casting. Pre-casting is a method

that sections of the structure in design and constructed by manufacturers then

delivered to the site for assembly. The Structure is designed based on the standards

taken from the National Structural Code of the Philippines, the code is strictly

followed for the safety and security of the community. The standards have been

concluded from decades of research and data gathering from different types of
structures and failures. In this modern time, the environment and calamities are

included in designing structures especially the CCLEX.

Reference

1.) RUUSKA, ANTTI and HAKKINEN, TAEJA. (2014).

Materials Efficiency of Building Construction: Tekniikantie

2.) BOQUET, YVES. (2013).

Transport and Communication Bulletin for Asia and the Pacific. Manila

3.) BANDYOPADHYAY, AMITABHA, DIMILIA, JOHN, and FARMINGDALE, SUNY.

(2014).

Materials Procurement and Management for Small Companies: New York

4.) CAINGHOG, ALJUN. (2018).

CCLEX Construction Officially Starts: Cebu City

5.) NAGAVINOTHINI, MITHILESH. (2016).

A Critical Study On Latest Heavy Equipment And Latest Technologies Used In Road

Works And The Types Of Equipment And Its Effectiveness for Indian Roads Equipment

Recommendation for Indian Roads -A Critical Study: Chennai

6.) SHEHATTO, OMAR. (2013).

Cost Estimate for Building Projects in Gaza Strip using Artificial Neural Network: Gaza

7.) JóHANNESSON, HELGI JóHANNES. (2010)

 Design of a 170 m span bridge over the fjord Thorskafjordur in Iceland: Lunds Tekniska

Högskola

8.) ELKAISSI, JAMAL. (2014).

Slide-in Bridge Construction: Illinois

9.) RIDER, TRACI. (2005).

Environment Attitude and the Design Profession: New York

10.) CHEN, ELSA Y. (2012).

Multi-hazard Design Of Mid-To-High Rise Structures: Illinois