A PROPOSAL FOR CONSTRUCTION OF 20 METER LINEAR SKYWALK AT

LIONG, DUMANJUG, CEBU

A Thesis Presented to the

Faculty of the College of Engineering

Cebu Technological University Dumanjug Extension Campus

Liong, Dumanjug, Cebu

Cebu, Philippines

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirement for the Degree of

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

BY:

QUIÑANOLA, LOVELIEN A.
FUENTES, BIANCA ISABELLA A.
TORRES, TROY LLOYD G.
DAVIS, VILL IRGILO T.
ANOG, IAN MARK D.
MORENO, MARC STEVE L.

2023
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

I-1. Rationale of the Study

The Municipality of Dumanjug is one of the towns in Cebu Province located 78.5

kilometers south from Cebu City bearing an approximate land area over 8,000 hectares with

57,823 population, where 4.66% of it represents the population of barangay Liong as determined

by the 2020 Census ( PhilAtlas,2020). Liong, one of the barangay in the Municipality of

Dumanjug 600 meters from the market, has four educational structures near the main road (two

primary, one secondary, one tertiary) thus, making the area more populated.

According to Bill Bryson, “Roads get wider, busier and low friendly to pedestrians, since

all of the development based around cars, and seems to be designed for the benefits of the

automobile and not for the benefit of the human being.” Likewise to the said municipality, the

widened road which was constructed year 2021, amidst pandemic and was finished year 2022 is

not in favor for the pedestrians’ safety given that it takes time to cross the road. It contributes

inconvenience and increase possibility of involvement in an accident since crossing is inevitable

and necessary. Hence, similar to vehicle, the pedestrians require measures to ensure their safety

and mobility, where possible, their enjoyment of walking should be enhanced and their conflicts

with vehicles be minimized.

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 Regarding this matter, pedestrians’ safety and a proposal for skywalk as a solution in

preventing possible accidents involving pedestrians in the Municipality of Dumanjug has not

been studied and acquainted. Thus, the purpose of this study is to propose a skywalk structure on

highway at Liong near Dumanjug Central Elementary School. The structure will be 20 meters in

length, 2.5 meters in width, and 9 meters in elevation. Additionally, lights on the skywalk will be

powered by solar energy, eliminating the need for electricity. This will significantly benefit the

residents, particularly students, senior citizens, and regular pedestrians from neighboring

municipalities, allowing them to move in an enclosed skywalk facility while being protected

from adverse weather and vehicles.

Furthermore, the researchers aim to address the main problem regarding the pedestrian’s

security as well as to keep order between them and vehicle users, and to hope for a sustainable

way of providing safety to the citizens of Dumanjug.

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I.2 Conceptual Background

The proposed skywalk will be used for the residents as well as to the neighbors of the

existing site. It will specifically have the following;

1.2.1 Roofing Style

1.2.2 Design of slab

1.2.3 Lights

1.2.4 Stairs

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I.3 Figure 1.0 Conceptual Framework

START

INFORMATION-GATHERING

PEDESTRIANS SURVEY AND INTERVIEW

PLANS AND
SPECIFICATIONS

DESIGNS
LOCATION STRUCTURAL DESIGN
STANDARDS

ARCHITECTURAL
DESIGN

PROPOSED A 20-m LINEAR SKYWALK AT LIONG, DUMANJUG, CEBU

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I.3.1 Information-Gathering

This is the process of collecting information from the residents of barangay Liong that

involves their individual opinion about crossing the main road.

I.3.2 Survey and Interview

This process is where the researchers visited the area where the proposed skywalk will be

constructed and asked questions through survey questionnaires to the students, and ordinary

residents who are necessary to cross the main road.

I.3.3 Plans and Specifications

The researchers’ plan and identification of preventing accidents that the pedestrians

might encounter involves the design standards and location of the proposed project.

I1.3.4 Structural Design

The researchers decided to design a structural in accordance to the updated National

Standard Code of the Philippines (NSCP).

I.3.5 Architectural Design

The researchers designed the structural considering the principle and proper standards,

and aesthetics of the structure.

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I.4 Statement of the Problem

People cross the main road for many reasons; to go to a neighbor’s house, to run errands,

for school, or to get to work. In this study, the researchers focus on the possible accidents that

might befall to the pedestrians. Pedestrian accidents occur in a variety of ways. These refer to

those who suddenly appears from behind a vehicle or from other sight obstruction as well as to

those who run without verifying if there is no car approaching nearby. However, to expand, there

are also special problems present in the area. This specifically include; Children under the age of

15 have the highest injury rate, given that some of the them have impulsive behaviour causing

their parents to worry. The elderly on the other hand, have the highest fatality rate due to the

lower probability of their recovery from injuries, likewise to those with physical difficulty

conditions.

Furthermore, special pedestrian safety problems arise during the hours of dusk and

darkness, also heavy rain when it is most difficult for drivers to see pedestrians. The influence of

alcohol or intoxication also impairs the behaviour of the pedestrians to the extent that they may

be a primary cause of accidents.

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I.5 Significance of the Study

The study aims on resolving the aforementioned problems by proposing a skywalk

structure since it is evident that there are more pedestrians on the road than motor vehicles. It is

important that they perceive the facility to be safe and secure where they can walk free from

conflict with motor vehicle, as well as the minimal threat. Accidents will be prevented since

skywalk provides vertical separation for pedestrian and vehicular movements. Parents will be at

ease knowing that there is a secure walkway for their children, likewise the ordinary pedestrians

who have trouble in crossings. This will promote walking as enjoyable journey without the need

to check if there is a vehicle approaching nearby.

The realization of this proposal will not just aid the pedestrians, but also vehicular drivers

passing in the area since they will be able to focus on reaching their destinations and need not to

worry about causing harm to pedestrians. Moreover, the propose skywalk will not only provide

security from vehicles but also protect them from extremities of weather. Thus, this study will be

significantly conducive to the upcoming civil engineers with the provided ideas and evident

information pointing the integral for man’s demand, much more in making changes for the

benefit of the community.

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I.6 Sope and Limitation of the Study

This study propose a construction of skywalk that will ensure the safety of the local residents and

students like primary, secondary and tertiary. This skywalk will help the citizen and students to

easily cross the road. Skywalk will give them convenience whenever they are alone when

crossing the lane, there will be an assurance that they are safe even though no one is assisting

them when crossing. Also when there is unnecessary change of weather like sudden rain,

skywalk helps them to not get wet from the rain or to not get too much exposure in sunlight

going to school and going home.

The limitation of this study is that it cannot guarantee the safety of the citizens or students when

using staircase in skywalk. Still, the citizens need to be aware and always watch the stairs

especially senior citizens. Also the unexpected accidents that they possibly encounter while

crossing in the skywalk.

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I.7 Definition of Terms

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 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

II.1 Review of Related Literature

Physical ability and attitudes for the environment and safety of the road are both influenced by a

pedestrian's age.Different people experience the age-related inadequacies at different ages, and

different people perceive their own deficiencies in different ways. The very young and old tend

to have less mobility, are the most susceptible to injury (and the most likely to be harmed), and

as a modeshare, youth (5–24 years old) and the elderly (75+ years old) spend a greater

proportion of their time walking compared to other age groups (Household travel survey, 2015-

17, MoT). In terms of the factors that are crucial for determining the path that pedestrians take,

there are clear disparities between older and younger people. As an illustration, a greater

percentage of senior pedestrians view the presence of a pavement on their path to be the most

important factor.

Walking may not come as naturally to seniors as it does to youngsters. Decisions and actions are

delayed as a result of the decline in kinetic movability, vision, and hearing. Information cannot

be quickly absorbed. Moreover, elderly folks fatigue more quickly than younger people (see

Limbourg 1999). In general, as people age, their agility declines and their reaction times

lengthen. Unsurprisingly, elderly pedestrians find it difficult to cross highways, and older and

disabled pedestrians gain from measures that slow down vehicles.

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Comfort is just as important as safety for older pedestrians,. How comfortable one feels depends

on their environment, their circumstances, and themselves. In order for a pedestrian to feel

comfortable using the crossing, certain conditions must be met. Such includes the condition of

sidewalks and road surfaces, cleanliness (de Araujo and de Camargo Braga, 2008), waiting

times, the amount of space available while waiting to cross, the number of pedestrians at the

crossing, whether the street is one-way or two-way, and the condition of the road surface (de

Araujo & de Camargo Braga, 2008).

Moreover, the participation of younger children as pedestrians is largely adult driven – trips to

school, recreation and accompanying daily activities such as shopping, are the largest reasons

children spend time on as pedestrians. Younger pedestrians appear to have a greater demand for

a direct route and the absence of roadblocks that could slow them down. However,children also

use footpaths and road areas as places of play. They are both vulnerable and high-risk

pedestrians and have limited capacity to understand the complexity of the traffic

environment(Gunnarsson, 2001).

On the contrary, as the researchers studied this matter, the majority of literature on pedestrians is

from the perspective of urban planning or group studies. Studies virtually solely concentrate on

pedestrian-friendly urban areas. It is still important and challenging to get more people moving

in both urban and rural regions, and there is also a need to better understand how diverse

environmental factors in urban and rural locations may encourage walking (Berry, Coffee,

Nolan, Dollman and Sugiyama, 2017). Long distances and rural streets may not be ideal for

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walking, but it is a problem that needs to be taken into account. There has been significant

evidence in the research indicating persons who live in rural/remote and metropolitan settings

participate in physical activity differently.

In addition,there is a need for planners to be conscious that pedestrians are not a homogenous

population but rather distinct individuals with varied needs and desires, and for the literature to

take into account increased pedestrian diversity. In general, pedestrians are categorized based on

their skills, although literature treats different pedestrian groups inconsistently (see the part

below this one), and variation within the groups is not effectively taken into consideration. If

diversity is not properly taken into account, equality becomes an issue. Equity needs to be taken

into account not only between different modes of transportation but also within the pedestrian

mode. Equity in transportation seeks fairness in mobility and accessibility to meet the needs of

all community members.

According to Kamyar Kashani, creating a pedestrian-oriented environment does not entail not

using or avoiding vehicles; rather, it entails planning the streets and figuring out how to offer

amenities and services in a way that unavoidably promotes social and physical mobility in day-

to-day activities. Thus, due to the fact that pedestrians require an obstacle-free pavement or

walkway because they need convenience, studies show that a pedestrian bridge or skywalk is

considered to be the efficient solution for pedestrian problems. Skywalk actually removes the

pedestrian from the road surface and creates more interconnected roads where vehicles and

pedestrians do not interfere. It contributes to pedestrian mobility, allowing most trips to be made

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in less time and in more comfort, especially in bad weather, since pedestrians are separated from

vehicles, improved pedestrian safety is accommodated.

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