Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Cebu, Philippines
In Partial Fulfillment
BY:
QUIÑANOLA, LOVELIEN A.
FUENTES, BIANCA ISABELLA A.
TORRES, TROY LLOYD G.
DAVIS, VILL IRGILO T.
ANOG, IAN MARK D.
MORENO, MARC STEVE L.
2023
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
The Municipality of Dumanjug is one of the towns in Cebu Province located 78.5
kilometers south from Cebu City bearing an approximate land area over 8,000 hectares with
57,823 population, where 4.66% of it represents the population of barangay Liong as determined
by the 2020 Census ( PhilAtlas,2020). Liong, one of the barangay in the Municipality of
Dumanjug 600 meters from the market, has four educational structures near the main road (two
primary, one secondary, one tertiary) thus, making the area more populated.
According to Bill Bryson, “Roads get wider, busier and low friendly to pedestrians, since
all of the development based around cars, and seems to be designed for the benefits of the
automobile and not for the benefit of the human being.” Likewise to the said municipality, the
widened road which was constructed year 2021, amidst pandemic and was finished year 2022 is
not in favor for the pedestrians’ safety given that it takes time to cross the road. It contributes
and necessary. Hence, similar to vehicle, the pedestrians require measures to ensure their safety
and mobility, where possible, their enjoyment of walking should be enhanced and their conflicts
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Regarding this matter, pedestrians’ safety and a proposal for skywalk as a solution in
preventing possible accidents involving pedestrians in the Municipality of Dumanjug has not
been studied and acquainted. Thus, the purpose of this study is to propose a skywalk structure on
highway at Liong near Dumanjug Central Elementary School. The structure will be 20 meters in
length, 2.5 meters in width, and 9 meters in elevation. Additionally, lights on the skywalk will be
powered by solar energy, eliminating the need for electricity. This will significantly benefit the
residents, particularly students, senior citizens, and regular pedestrians from neighboring
municipalities, allowing them to move in an enclosed skywalk facility while being protected
Furthermore, the researchers aim to address the main problem regarding the pedestrian’s
security as well as to keep order between them and vehicle users, and to hope for a sustainable
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I.2 Conceptual Background
The proposed skywalk will be used for the residents as well as to the neighbors of the
1.2.3 Lights
1.2.4 Stairs
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I.3 Figure 1.0 Conceptual Framework
START
INFORMATION-GATHERING
PLANS AND
SPECIFICATIONS
DESIGNS
LOCATION STRUCTURAL DESIGN
STANDARDS
ARCHITECTURAL
DESIGN
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I.3.1 Information-Gathering
This is the process of collecting information from the residents of barangay Liong that
This process is where the researchers visited the area where the proposed skywalk will be
constructed and asked questions through survey questionnaires to the students, and ordinary
The researchers’ plan and identification of preventing accidents that the pedestrians
might encounter involves the design standards and location of the proposed project.
The researchers designed the structural considering the principle and proper standards,
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I.4 Statement of the Problem
People cross the main road for many reasons; to go to a neighbor’s house, to run errands,
for school, or to get to work. In this study, the researchers focus on the possible accidents that
might befall to the pedestrians. Pedestrian accidents occur in a variety of ways. These refer to
those who suddenly appears from behind a vehicle or from other sight obstruction as well as to
those who run without verifying if there is no car approaching nearby. However, to expand, there
are also special problems present in the area. This specifically include; Children under the age of
15 have the highest injury rate, given that some of the them have impulsive behaviour causing
their parents to worry. The elderly on the other hand, have the highest fatality rate due to the
lower probability of their recovery from injuries, likewise to those with physical difficulty
conditions.
Furthermore, special pedestrian safety problems arise during the hours of dusk and
darkness, also heavy rain when it is most difficult for drivers to see pedestrians. The influence of
alcohol or intoxication also impairs the behaviour of the pedestrians to the extent that they may
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I.5 Significance of the Study
structure since it is evident that there are more pedestrians on the road than motor vehicles. It is
important that they perceive the facility to be safe and secure where they can walk free from
conflict with motor vehicle, as well as the minimal threat. Accidents will be prevented since
skywalk provides vertical separation for pedestrian and vehicular movements. Parents will be at
ease knowing that there is a secure walkway for their children, likewise the ordinary pedestrians
who have trouble in crossings. This will promote walking as enjoyable journey without the need
The realization of this proposal will not just aid the pedestrians, but also vehicular drivers
passing in the area since they will be able to focus on reaching their destinations and need not to
worry about causing harm to pedestrians. Moreover, the propose skywalk will not only provide
security from vehicles but also protect them from extremities of weather. Thus, this study will be
significantly conducive to the upcoming civil engineers with the provided ideas and evident
information pointing the integral for man’s demand, much more in making changes for the
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I.6 Sope and Limitation of the Study
This study propose a construction of skywalk that will ensure the safety of the local residents and
students like primary, secondary and tertiary. This skywalk will help the citizen and students to
easily cross the road. Skywalk will give them convenience whenever they are alone when
crossing the lane, there will be an assurance that they are safe even though no one is assisting
them when crossing. Also when there is unnecessary change of weather like sudden rain,
skywalk helps them to not get wet from the rain or to not get too much exposure in sunlight
The limitation of this study is that it cannot guarantee the safety of the citizens or students when
using staircase in skywalk. Still, the citizens need to be aware and always watch the stairs
especially senior citizens. Also the unexpected accidents that they possibly encounter while
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I.7 Definition of Terms
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CHAPTER II
Physical ability and attitudes for the environment and safety of the road are both influenced by a
pedestrian's age.Different people experience the age-related inadequacies at different ages, and
different people perceive their own deficiencies in different ways. The very young and old tend
to have less mobility, are the most susceptible to injury (and the most likely to be harmed), and
as a modeshare, youth (5–24 years old) and the elderly (75+ years old) spend a greater
proportion of their time walking compared to other age groups (Household travel survey, 2015-
17, MoT). In terms of the factors that are crucial for determining the path that pedestrians take,
there are clear disparities between older and younger people. As an illustration, a greater
percentage of senior pedestrians view the presence of a pavement on their path to be the most
important factor.
Walking may not come as naturally to seniors as it does to youngsters. Decisions and actions are
delayed as a result of the decline in kinetic movability, vision, and hearing. Information cannot
be quickly absorbed. Moreover, elderly folks fatigue more quickly than younger people (see
Limbourg 1999). In general, as people age, their agility declines and their reaction times
lengthen. Unsurprisingly, elderly pedestrians find it difficult to cross highways, and older and
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Comfort is just as important as safety for older pedestrians,. How comfortable one feels depends
on their environment, their circumstances, and themselves. In order for a pedestrian to feel
comfortable using the crossing, certain conditions must be met. Such includes the condition of
sidewalks and road surfaces, cleanliness (de Araujo and de Camargo Braga, 2008), waiting
times, the amount of space available while waiting to cross, the number of pedestrians at the
crossing, whether the street is one-way or two-way, and the condition of the road surface (de
Moreover, the participation of younger children as pedestrians is largely adult driven – trips to
school, recreation and accompanying daily activities such as shopping, are the largest reasons
children spend time on as pedestrians. Younger pedestrians appear to have a greater demand for
a direct route and the absence of roadblocks that could slow them down. However,children also
use footpaths and road areas as places of play. They are both vulnerable and high-risk
pedestrians and have limited capacity to understand the complexity of the traffic
environment(Gunnarsson, 2001).
On the contrary, as the researchers studied this matter, the majority of literature on pedestrians is
from the perspective of urban planning or group studies. Studies virtually solely concentrate on
pedestrian-friendly urban areas. It is still important and challenging to get more people moving
in both urban and rural regions, and there is also a need to better understand how diverse
environmental factors in urban and rural locations may encourage walking (Berry, Coffee,
Nolan, Dollman and Sugiyama, 2017). Long distances and rural streets may not be ideal for
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walking, but it is a problem that needs to be taken into account. There has been significant
evidence in the research indicating persons who live in rural/remote and metropolitan settings
In addition,there is a need for planners to be conscious that pedestrians are not a homogenous
population but rather distinct individuals with varied needs and desires, and for the literature to
take into account increased pedestrian diversity. In general, pedestrians are categorized based on
their skills, although literature treats different pedestrian groups inconsistently (see the part
below this one), and variation within the groups is not effectively taken into consideration. If
diversity is not properly taken into account, equality becomes an issue. Equity needs to be taken
into account not only between different modes of transportation but also within the pedestrian
mode. Equity in transportation seeks fairness in mobility and accessibility to meet the needs of
According to Kamyar Kashani, creating a pedestrian-oriented environment does not entail not
using or avoiding vehicles; rather, it entails planning the streets and figuring out how to offer
amenities and services in a way that unavoidably promotes social and physical mobility in day-
to-day activities. Thus, due to the fact that pedestrians require an obstacle-free pavement or
walkway because they need convenience, studies show that a pedestrian bridge or skywalk is
considered to be the efficient solution for pedestrian problems. Skywalk actually removes the
pedestrian from the road surface and creates more interconnected roads where vehicles and
pedestrians do not interfere. It contributes to pedestrian mobility, allowing most trips to be made
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in less time and in more comfort, especially in bad weather, since pedestrians are separated from
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