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Universidad de Granada - Estabilidad de Presas de Gravedad - VOLVER A DESCARGAR (Se Borraron Hojas) PDF
Universidad de Granada - Estabilidad de Presas de Gravedad - VOLVER A DESCARGAR (Se Borraron Hojas) PDF
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lOMoARcPSD|3263164
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lOMoARcPSD|3263164
m
100
0'05
N ⋅ tg ϕ c ⋅ A
T≤ + .
k1 k2
1 1
P1 = ⋅ n ⋅ H 2 ⋅ γ H = ⋅ 0'05 ⋅ 100 2 ⋅ 2'4 = 600 _ T .
2 2
1 1
P2 = ⋅ m ⋅ H 2 ⋅ γ H = ⋅ m ⋅ 100 2 ⋅ 2'4 = 12000 m _ T .
2 2
1 1
S = ⋅ (n + m) ⋅ H ⋅ θ ⋅ h ⋅ γ a = (0'05 + m ) ⋅ 100 ⋅ 0'7 ⋅ 100 = (3500 ⋅ m + 175) _ T .
2 2
1 1
E H = ⋅ h 2 ⋅ γ a = ⋅ 100 2 = 5.000 _ T .
2 2
1 1
EV = ⋅ n ⋅ h 2 ⋅ γ a = ⋅ 0'05 ⋅ 100 2 = 250 _ T .
2 2
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lOMoARcPSD|3263164
Además A = H ⋅ (n + m) = 100 ⋅ m + 5
N ⋅ tg ϕ c ⋅ A
T≤ + .
k1 k2
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lOMoARcPSD|3263164
m
100
1 1
P= ⋅ γ h ⋅ m ⋅ H 2 = ⋅ 2,3 ⋅ m ⋅ 100 2 = 11.500m. _ T
2 2
1 1
E H = ⋅ h 2 ⋅ γ a = ⋅ 100 2 ⋅ 1 = 5.000 _ T
2 2
1 1
S = ⋅ m ⋅ H ⋅ h ⋅ θ ⋅ γ a = ⋅ m ⋅ 100 2 ⋅ 0,6 ⋅ 1 = 3.000m _ T
2 2
N ⋅ tg ϕ c ⋅ A
T≤ + .
k1 k2
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lOMoARcPSD|3263164
100
n 0.6
1 1
P1 = ⋅ γ h ⋅ H 2 ⋅ m = ⋅ 2,4 ⋅ 100 2 ⋅ 0,6 = 7.200 _ T
2 2
1 1
P2 = ⋅ γ h ⋅ H 2 ⋅ n = ⋅ 2,4 ⋅ 100 2 ⋅ n = 12.000n _ T
2 2
1 1
EV = ⋅ γ a ⋅ h 2 ⋅ n = ⋅ 1 ⋅ 100 2 ⋅ n = 5.000 ⋅ n _ T
2 2
1 1
EH = ⋅ γ a ⋅ h 2 = ⋅ 100 2 = 5.000 _ T
2 2
1 1
S = ⋅ γ a ⋅ θ ⋅ h ⋅ (n + m ) ⋅ H = ⋅ 0,6 ⋅ (n + 0,6) ⋅ 100 2 = 3.000 ⋅ (n + 0,6) _ T
2 2
N = P1 + P2 + EV − S = 5.400 + 14.000 ⋅ n.
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lOMoARcPSD|3263164
N ⋅ tg ϕ c ⋅ A
T≤ + .
k1 k2
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lOMoARcPSD|3263164
H m
1
T = EH = ⋅γ a ⋅ H 2.
2
1 1
S = − ⋅ γ a ⋅ θ ⋅ H 2 ⋅ m. ⇒N= ⋅ H 2 ⋅ m ⋅ (γ h − θ ⋅ γ a ).
2 2
1
P = ⋅γ h ⋅ m ⋅ H 2.
2
N ⋅ tg ϕ c ⋅ A
T≤ + .
k1 k2
k1 ⎛ c ⋅ A ⎞ 1
⋅ ⎜⎜ E H − ⎟⎟ ≤ ⋅ H 2 ⋅ m ⋅ (γ h − θ ⋅ γ a ).
tg ϕ ⎝ k 2 ⎠ 2
2 ⋅ k1 ⎛ 1 c ⋅ A ⎞
m≥ ⋅ ⎜⎜ ⋅ H 2 ⋅ γ a − ⎟.
H ⋅ tg ϕ ⋅ (γ h − θ ⋅ γ a ) ⎝ 2
2
k 2 ⎟⎠
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lOMoARcPSD|3263164
k1 ⋅ γ a
m≥ .
tg ϕ ⋅ (γ h − θ ⋅ γ a )
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lOMoARcPSD|3263164
Calcular cuanto hay que reducir la subpresión “θ” para que la presa de la
figura tenga un coeficiente de estabilidad al vuelco mayor o igual a 2.
0'75
100
5°
a = 70,65m
a b c e
= = b = 117,30 m d
senA senB senC a
c = 100m
d = a ⋅ sen5 = 6,16m
Las proyecciones del lado a serían:
e = a ⋅ cos 5 = 70,38m
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lOMoARcPSD|3263164
2 2
dP = e = 70,38 = 46,92m
3 3
EH E H = 0,5 ⋅ γ W ⋅ c 2 = 5.000Tn
c
dE H = − d = 33,3 − 6,16 = 27,17 m
3
2
dS = a = 47,10m
3
Momentos estabilizadores
∑M Est = P ⋅ dP = 396.286Tn ⋅ m
Momentos desestabilizadores
Coeficiente Seguridad CS =
∑M Est
≥2
∑M Des
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lOMoARcPSD|3263164
Calcular cuanto debe valer “x” en la presa de la figura, para que sea
estable al deslizamiento en condiciones normales, (suponemos Presa de
categoría A).
DATOS: γ H = 2,4Tn / m 3 ; θ = 0,5 ; c = 2kg / cm2 ; tgϕ = 0,8
Peso Propio
1
P1 = γ H ⋅ m ⋅ H 2 = 0,5 ⋅ 2,4 ⋅ 0,7 ⋅ 100 2 = 8.400Tn
2
1
P2 = γ H ⋅ n ⋅ x 2 = 0,5 ⋅ 2,4 ⋅ 0,5 ⋅ x 2 = 0,6 x 2Tn
2
1 6
P3 = γ H ⋅ (3 + 3 + ) ⋅ 6 = 105Tn
2 m
Subpresión
1
S = γ W ⋅ ( H + h)(mH + nx ) ⋅ θ = 0,5 ⋅ 1 ⋅ 110 ⋅ (70 + 0,5 x) = (1.925 + 13,75 x)Tn
2
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lOMoARcPSD|3263164
1
E H 1 = γ W ⋅ H 2 = 0.5 ⋅ 1 ⋅ 100 2 = 5.000Tn
2
1
EV 1 = γ W ⋅ ( H + H − x)nx = 0,5 ⋅ 1 ⋅ (200 − x)0,5 x = (50 x − 0,25 x 2 )Tn
2
1
E H 2 = γ W ⋅ h 2 = 0,5 ⋅ 1 ⋅ 10 2 = 50Tn
2
1
EV 2 = γ W ⋅ mh 2 = 0,5 ⋅ 1 ⋅ 0,7 ⋅ 10 2 = 35Tn
2
T = EH1 − EH 2 = 4.950Tn
N ⋅ tgϕ c ⋅ A N ⋅ tgϕ 20 ⋅ b
T≤ + = +
K1 K2 1,5 5
(0,35x 2 + 36,25x + 6.615) ⋅ 0,8 20(0,5 x + 70)
4.950 ≤ +
1,5 5
x = 39,73 _m
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lOMoARcPSD|3263164
Peso Propio
1
P1 = γ H ⋅ m ⋅ H 2 = 0,5 ⋅ 2,4 ⋅ 0,9 ⋅ 80 2 = 6.912Tn
2
1 6
P2 = γ H ⋅ (6 x + 6 ⋅ ) = (14,4 x + 48)Tn
2 0,9
Subpresión
1
S = γ W ⋅ ( H + x) ⋅ θ ⋅ 0,9 H = 0,5 ⋅ 1 ⋅ (80 + x) ⋅ 0,5 ⋅ 0,9 ⋅ 80 = (1.440 + 18 x)Tn
2
1
E H = γ W ⋅ ( H + x) 2 = 0,5 ⋅ 1 ⋅ (80 + x) 2 = (3.200 + 0,5 x 2 + 80 x)Tn
2
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lOMoARcPSD|3263164
N = P1 + P2 − S
T = EH
N ⋅ tgϕ N ⋅ tgϕ
T≤ =
K1 1,5
(6.912 + 14,4 x + 48 − 1.440 − 18 x) ⋅ 0,95
0,5 x 2 + 80 x + 3.200 ≤
1,5
0,789 x 2 + 126,31x + 5.052,63 ≤ 5.520 − 3,6 x
x = 3,52m
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lOMoARcPSD|3263164
La presa de la figura, con el paso del tiempo, tiene los drenes ineficaces.
¿Cuál será la altura máxima de llenado para que quede garantizada la
estabilidad al deslizamiento?
DATOS: γ H = 2,4Tn / m 3 ; c = 3kg / cm 2 ; tgϕ = 0,75
Peso Propio
1 6
P1 = ( 6 ⋅ + 3 ⋅ 6)γ H = 115,2 _ Tn
2 0,6
1
P2 = (m + n)γ H ⋅ H 2 = 8.400 _ Tn
2
Subpresión
1 1
S = γ W ⋅ (h + 10)(m + n) H = (h + 10) ⋅ 0'7 ⋅ 100 = 35h + 350 _ Tn
2 2
Empujes del Agua
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lOMoARcPSD|3263164
1
E H 1 = γ W ⋅ h 2 = 0,5 ⋅ h 2 _ Tn
2
1
EV 1 = γ W ⋅ nh 2 = 0,05h 2 _ Tn
2
1
E H 2 = γ W ⋅ 10 2 = 50 _ Tn
2
1
EV 2 = γ W ⋅ m ⋅ 10 2 = 30 _ Tn
2
Por lo tanto el valor de la normal será:
T = EH 1 − EH 2 = (0,5h 2 − 50) _ Tn
Aplicamos la condición de estabilidad al deslizamiento en condiciones
normales, (suponemos Presa de categoría A) y despejamos:
N ⋅ tgϕ c ⋅ A N ⋅ tgϕ 30 ⋅ b
T≤ + = +
K1 K2 1,5 5
2 (0,05h 2 − 35h + 8.195,2) ⋅ 0,75 30 ⋅ 70
0,5h − 50 ≤ +
1,5 5
h = 81,36 _ m
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lOMoARcPSD|3263164
Determinar el valor de los taludes “m”, aguas arriba y aguas abajo, para
garantizar la estabilidad al deslizamiento en condiciones normales,
(suponemos Presa de categoría A).
DATOS: γ H = 2,4Tn / m 3 ; θ = 0,5 ; c = 3kg / cm 2 ; tgϕ = 0,75
Peso Propio
1
P1 = γ H ⋅ 602 (m + 0.2) = 864(1 + 5m) _ Tn
2
1
P2 = γ H ⋅ 40(12 + 60m + 12 + 140m) = 384(3 + 25m) _ Tn
2
Subpresión
1
S = γ W ⋅ 100(12 + 140m) ⋅ θ = 0.5 ⋅ 1 ⋅ 100 ⋅ (12 + 140m)0.5 = 50(6 + 70m) _ Tn
2
1
EV 1 = γ W ⋅ 12 ⋅ 60 = 360 _ Tn
2
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lOMoARcPSD|3263164
100 + 60
EV 2 = γ W ⋅ 40m = 3200m _ Tn
2
1
E H = 1002 = 5000 _ Tn
2
Por lo tanto el valor de la normal será:
N = P1 + P2 + EV 1 + EV 2 − S
T = EH
N ⋅ tgϕ c ⋅ A N ⋅ tgϕ 30 ⋅ b
T≤ + = +
K1 K2 1.5 5
(864 (1 + 5m) + 384 (3 + 25m) + 360 + 3200 m − 50(6 + 70m)) ⋅ 0.75 30(12 + 140 m)
5000 ≤ +
1.5 5
m ≥ 0.508
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lOMoARcPSD|3263164
0'6
80
0'2
10%
b
y aplicando el teorema de los senos hallamos los
c
lados del mismo:
a b c a = 60'7 _ m
= =
senA senB senC c = 81'58 _ m e
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lOMoARcPSD|3263164
c⋅e
Por lo que el peso de la presa será P= ⋅ γ H = 5678.95 _ Tn
2
1
EH = ⋅ γ a ⋅ h 2 = 0.5 ⋅ 802 = 3200 _ Tn
2
1
EV = ⋅ γ a ⋅ h 2 ⋅ n = 640Tn
2
EVT = EV ⋅ sen5.71 = 64Tn ; EVN = EV ⋅ cos 5.71 = 637Tn
1
S = ⋅ γ a ⋅ θ ⋅ h ⋅ a = 0'5 ⋅ 1 ⋅ 0'5 ⋅ 80 ⋅ 60'7 = 1213.2 _ Tn
2
N ⋅ tgϕ c ⋅ S N ⋅ tgϕ 30 ⋅ a
T≤ + = +
K1 K2 1.5 5
T = E HT − EVT − PT ; N = E HN + EVN + PN − S
Sustituyendo y resolviendo:
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lOMoARcPSD|3263164
Peso Propio
1
P1 = γ H ⋅ (m + n) ⋅ H 2 = 0.5 ⋅ 2.35 ⋅ (0.05 + n) ⋅ 87 2 = (444.7 + 8893.6n)Tn
2
Subpresión
1
S = γ W ⋅ H ⋅ h ⋅ (m + n) ⋅ θ = 0.5 ⋅ 1 ⋅ 87 ⋅ 80(0.05 + n) ⋅ 0.5 = (87 + 1740n)Tn
2
1
EH = γ W ⋅ h 2 = 0.5h 2Tn
2
1
EV = γ W ⋅ mh 2 = 0.5 ⋅ 1 ⋅ 0.05h 2 = 0.025h 2Tn
2
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T = EH = 0.5h2Tn
N ⋅ tgϕ
T≤ ⇒ 0 ≤ N ⋅ tgϕ − KT
K1
K ⋅ 0.5h 2 − 0.025h 2 − 357.7
n≥
7153.6
n ≥ 0.599
n ≥ 0.531
n ≥ 0.458
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lOMoARcPSD|3263164
La presa de la figura tiene, con el paso del tiempo, los drenes ineficaces.
Determinar la máxima altura de llenado “h” para garantizar la estabilidad
al deslizamiento.
DATOS: γ H = 2.4Tn / m 3 ; c = 4kg / cm2 ; tgϕ = 0.7
Peso Propio
1
P1 = γ H ⋅ m ⋅ H 2 = 0.5 ⋅ 2.4 ⋅ 0.7 ⋅ 80 2 = 5376Tn
2
1 6
P2 = ( 6 ⋅ + 3 ⋅ 6)γ H = 104.9Tn
2 0.7
10 + 4
P3 = 6γ H = 100.8Tn
2
Subpresión
1
S = γ W ⋅ h(mH + 6) = 31hTn
2
- 40 -
lOMoARcPSD|3263164
1
EH = γ W ⋅ h 2 = 0.5h 2Tn
2
h − 10 + h − 4
EV = γ W ⋅ 6 = (6h − 42)Tn
2
N = P1 + P2 + P3 + EV − S = 5581.7 + 6h − 42 − 31h
T = EH = 0.5h2
N ⋅ tgϕ c ⋅ A N ⋅ 0.7 40 ⋅ b
T≤ + = +
K1 K2 1 .5 5
(5581.7 + 6h − 42 − 31h ) ⋅ 0.7 40(6 + 56)
0.5h 2 ≤ +
1.5 5
h = 67.7 m
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lOMoARcPSD|3263164
80
n m=n+0'2
Peso Propio
1
P1 = γ H ⋅ n ⋅ H 2 = 7680n _ Tn
2
1
P2 = γ H ⋅ m ⋅ H 2 = (7680n + 1536) _ Tn
2
Subpresión
1
S = γ W ⋅ H (80n + 80(n + 0.2)) ⋅ θ = (3200n + 320) _ Tn
2
Empujes del Agua
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lOMoARcPSD|3263164
1
E H = γ W ⋅ h 2 = 3200 _ Tn
2
1
EV = γ W ⋅ nh 2 = 3200 n _ Tn
2
Por lo tanto el valor de la normal será:
N = P1 + P2 + EV − S
T = EH
N ⋅ tgϕ c ⋅ A N ⋅ 0.7 20 ⋅ b
T≤ + = +
K1 K2 1 .5 5
(7680n + 7680n + 1536 + 3200n − 3200n − 320 ) ⋅ 0.7 20(160 n + 16)
3200 ≤ +
1. 5 5
n ≥ 0.33
m ≥ 0.53
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lOMoARcPSD|3263164
1 2 1
P= ⋅γ h ⋅ m ⋅ h2 ⋅m⋅h + ⋅ γ h ⋅ m2 ⋅ h3
2 3 3
1 1 1
EH = ⋅γ a ⋅ h2 ⋅h − ⋅ γ a ⋅ h3
2 3 6
1 2 1
S= ⋅γ a ⋅ h2 ⋅ m ⋅m⋅h − ⋅ γ a ⋅ m2 ⋅ h3
2 3 3
1 γ a ⋅ h3
Resultante ⋅ (γ h − γ a ) ⋅ m ⋅ h −
2 3
3 6
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lOMoARcPSD|3263164
1 γ ⋅ h3
⋅ (γ h − γ a ) ⋅ m 2 ⋅ h 3 − a ≥ 0.
3 6
2 ⋅ m 2⋅γ h − 2 ⋅ γ a m 2 ≥ γ a .
γa
m≥ .
2 ⋅ (γ h − γ a )
1 1 1
P= ⋅γ h ⋅ m ⋅ h2 ⋅m⋅h + ⋅ γ h ⋅ m2 ⋅ h3
2 3 6
1 1 1
EH = ⋅γ a ⋅ h2 ⋅h − ⋅ γ a ⋅ h3
2 3 6
- 45 -
lOMoARcPSD|3263164
1
EV = ⋅ γ a ⋅ h 2 ⋅ m 2 ⋅ m ⋅ h 1
+ ⋅ γ a ⋅ m2 ⋅ h3
2 3 3
1 2 1
S= ⋅γ a ⋅ h2 ⋅ m ⋅m⋅h − ⋅ γ a ⋅ m2 ⋅ h3
2 3 3
1
Resultante
6
( )
⋅ γ h ⋅ m2 − γ a ⋅ h3
1 γa
Imponemos que
6
( )
⋅ γ h ⋅ m2 − γ a ⋅ h3 ≥ 0 ⇒ m ≥
γh
.
Vamos a considerar valores de γa= 1 t/m3 y γh= 2,4 t/m3, con lo cual nos queda
para cada caso lo siguiente:
TIPO A m ≥ 0,598
TIPO B m ≥ 0,646
Con esto vemos que el talud que tenemos que poner en el perfil TIPO B
es superior al que tenemos que poner con el perfil TIPO A.
- 46 -
lOMoARcPSD|3263164
Peso Propio
1 1
P1 = γ H ⋅ 0.05 ⋅ H 2 = 2.4 ⋅ 0.05 ⋅ 1002 = 600Tn
2 2
1
P2 = γ H ⋅ n ⋅ H 2 = 12000n _ Tn
2
Subpresión
- 47 -
lOMoARcPSD|3263164
1
E H = γ W ⋅ h 2 = 5000Tn
2
1
EV = γ W ⋅ 0.05 ⋅ h 2 = 250Tn
2
Por lo tanto el valor de la normal será:
T = E H = 5000
N ⋅ tgϕ c ⋅ A
T≤ +
K1 K2
(600 + 12000n − 250δ − 5000δ ⋅ n ) ⋅ 0.9 30(100 n + 5)
5000 ≤ +
1 .5 5
Para:
δ=0 → n =0.59
δ=0.3 → n =0.67
δ=1 → n =0.99
El valor más adecuado sería para δ=0.3 y n =0.67, ya que la suma de taludes
sería de 0.72 próximo al 0.8 que es el más habitual.
- 48 -