https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?

R=20160006507 2020-04-07T13:05:22+00:00Z

UNSTEADY ASSESSMENTS AND IMPROVEMENTS FOR

THE NATIONAL TRANSONIC FACILITY

Greg Jones, Ph.D.

Configuration Aerodynamics Branch

2nd Joint Conference of the STAI and National Transonic Facility

SATA NASA Langley Research Center Slide 1 of 21
June 7 - 11, 2015
 OUTLINE

• OBJECTIVES
AERIAL VIEW OF NTF

• OVERVIEW OF NTF STARBUKS AND

FIDO EFFORTS

• NTF CENTERLINE PIPE TEST

• NTF RAKE TEST

• NTF COMMON RESEARCH MODEL TEST

• CONCLUDING REMARKS

2nd Joint Conference of the STAI and National Transonic Facility

SATA NASA Langley Research Center Slide 2 of 21
June 7 - 11, 2015
 WIND TUNNEL IMPROVEMENTS OBJECTIVES
FOCUS ON NTF

General Wind Tunnel Requirements

No. 1 Accuracy and Validation

(Repeatability/Data Quality)
– Results that can be trusted

No. 2 Productivity
– Complete required testing in a timely manner

No. 3 Reliability
– Keeps working without interruption

NTF – Recent Efforts

• Subsonic Transonic Applied
Refinements By Using Key
Strategies (STARBUKS)
• Facility Improvements and Data
Optimization (FIDO)

2nd Joint Conference of the STAI and National Transonic Facility

SATA NASA Langley Research Center Slide 3 of 21
June 7 - 11, 2015
 STARBUKS SUMMARY

Accuracy & Validation

 Data Acquisition System (Test SLATE)
 Mach Measurement System  Check
Std
Check Standard
Model
 Facility Automation System Test 214
 Cooling Coil Trailing Edge Fairings
 Fixed Fairing Extension  Common Research
 Alt. Probes Location (RTD on Cooling Coil) Model

 Test Section Visibility

 Balance Calibrations
 Completed

Productivity
 Cryogenic Active Damper
 Balance Limit Alarm (BLAMS) Upgrade
 Inlet Guide Vane (IGV) ΔT Mitigation  Flow
 Continuous Pitch Calibration
Test 217

CRM Data Flow

Reliability Quality
 High Pressure Air Reducing Station  Test 218
 Drive Coupling
 IGV Hydraulic Pipe Repair
See Paryz AIAA 2014-1481
2nd Joint Conference of the STAI and National Transonic Facility
SATA NASA Langley Research Center Slide 4 of 21
June 7 - 11, 2015
 FIDO IMPROVEMENTS ROADMAP

Accuracy & Validation

 Tunnel configuration selection  Check
Std
 Free stream Turbulence (Rake – TBD) Test 219
 Mach stability ±0.0005 
 Conditional sampling (off-line)
 Validate RTD array on cooling coil

 Completed
Productivity
 Mach control methodology
 2nd throat actuation
 Conditional sampling (on-line, real-time)
 Increase access housing heating
Calibration
 Optimized nitrogen injection
Extension
 Continuous sweep Test 220
Turbulence
Survey Rake
Test 216B
Reliability
 Liquid nitrogen pump health monitoring CRM
Test 221
 Minimize nitrogen system hammering

2nd Joint Conference of the STAI and National Transonic Facility

SATA NASA Langley Research Center Slide 5 of 21
June 7 - 11, 2015
 NTF UNSTEADY CHARACTERISTICS THAT CAN
INFLUENCE MACH STABILITY AND DATA QUALITY
OBJECTIVES
• CHARACTERIZE EMPTY TUNNEL PRESSURE FLUCTUATIONS

• CHARACTERIZE WALL UNSTEADY PRESSURE INTERACTIONS WITH A

MODEL INSTALLED (COMMON RESEARCH MODEL)

• DETERMINE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE SECOND THROAT AND

VORTEX GENERATORS

2nd Joint Conference of the STAI and National Transonic Facility

SATA NASA Langley Research Center Slide 6 of 21
June 7 - 11, 2015
 CENTERLINE PIPE TEST

CENTERLINE PIPE DATA TO BE USED FOR TUNNEL CALIBRATION

1.2
CALIBRATION
LIMITS MACH
1.0 1.00
GUY WIRE 0.90
SUPPORTS 0.8 0.80
0.70
MACH
0.6 0.60
0.50
0.4 0.40
0.30
CENTER LINE PIPE 0.2 0.20
PIPE TO CONE
TRANSITION
0.0
-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
X (FEET)

2nd Joint Conference of the STAI and National Transonic Facility

SATA NASA Langley Research Center Slide 7 of 21
June 7 - 11, 2015
 VORTEX GENERATORS

VORTEX GENERATORS ADDED TO MANAGE HIGH SPEED DIFFUSER SEPARATION

VGS LOCATED AT STATION 36’

VG SIZE AND SHAPE ARE NOT OPTIMIZED

2nd Joint Conference of the STAI and National Transonic Facility

SATA NASA Langley Research Center Slide 8 of 21
June 7 - 11, 2015
 BENEFITS OF VGS
EMPTY TUNNEL
VGS BENEFIT LOW FREQUENCY
STABILITY ABOVE MACH ~ 0.7

BENEFIT OF VGs
on Low Frequency < 10 Hz

2nd Joint Conference of the STAI and National Transonic Facility

SATA NASA Langley Research Center Slide 9 of 21
June 7 - 11, 2015
 BENEFITS OF VGS (SPECTRA)
EMPTY TUNNEL
VGS SHOW BENEFIT FOR EMPTY TUNNEL
(STABILIZES LOW FREQUENCY AND REDUCES BROADBAND)

1.0E-07 1.0E-07
MACH MACH
0.20 0.20
1.0E-08 0.40 1.0E-08 0.40
(p'/qSTATION 33)2, (Hz-1)

(p'/qSTATION 33)2, (Hz-1)

0.60 0.60
0.80 0.80
1.0E-09 l=0.63' 1.0E-09
1.00 1.00

l=0.63'
Guy
1.0E-10 1.0E-10 Wire
Shedding

1.0E-11 1.0E-11

1.0E-12 1.0E-12
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
fL/USTATION 33 (L=1 foot) fL/USTATION 33 (L=1 foot)

BASELINE w/ VGs

2nd Joint Conference of the STAI and National Transonic Facility

SATA NASA Langley Research Center Slide 10 of 21
June 7 - 11, 2015
 TEST SECTION MOVABLES (2nd THROAT)

• Improve Mach stability goals

– Target ±0.0005 Mach number for transonic
conditions
– Determine the influence of Mach stability on
performance repeatability (e.g., Cd~0.0001)
• 2nd Throat development
– Develop a remote positioning system
• Develop a motorized 2nd throat with a
robust instrumentation package to
determine wall position
• Develop a remote wedge system for
the fixed faring to minimize support
system induced dynamics
• Planned to be operational in Summer 2015
• Requires calibration extension Chan AIAA 2015-0622 and Jones AIAA 2015-1557
2nd Joint Conference of the STAI and National Transonic Facility
SATA NASA Langley Research Center Slide 11 of 21
June 7 - 11, 2015
 2nd THROAT W/ CENTERLINE PIPE CONFIGURATION

1.2
SECOND
VGs THROAT
ENGAGED
1.0 NO VGs

0.8
CENTERLINE PIPE-CONE RE-ENTRY SECOND MOVABLE
PIPE TRANSITION FLAPS THROAT WALL
MACH

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0
-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
X (FEET)
2nd Joint Conference of the STAI and National Transonic Facility
SATA NASA Langley Research Center Slide 12 of 21
June 7 - 11, 2015
 RAKE TEST
1.2
RAKE DATA TO BE USED FOR EVALUATING BASELINE
1.0
FLOW UNIFORMITY
0.8

MACH
0.6

MACH
0.4 0.88
0.85
0.79
0.2
0.70

0.0
-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
1.2 X (FEET)

NTF 7’ RAKE SECOND THROAT

1.0 CHOKED CONFIG
0.8

MACH
0.6

MACH
0.4 0.88
0.85
0.79
0.2
0.70

0.0
-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
X (FEET)

2nd Joint Conference of the STAI and National Transonic Facility

SATA NASA Langley Research Center Slide 13 of 21
June 7 - 11, 2015
 RAKE TEST SECTION UNIFORMITY
M = 0.85, Re/ft = 49.4x106, To = -251°F, Po = 44 psia
SECOND THROAT CHOKED CONFIGURATION
1.00
WALL13FS
0.90 WALL13CL RAKE DATA SHOWS UNIFORM
RAKEPS17 FLOW AT STATION 13
0.80
RAKEPT14
0.70 RAKEPT17

0.60
p'/q (%)

0.50

0.40

0.30

0.20

0.10

0.00
-180 -150 -120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 180
Roll Angle (Deg)
2nd Joint Conference of the STAI and National Transonic Facility
SATA NASA Langley Research Center Slide 14 of 21
June 7 - 11, 2015
 COMPARISON OF
CHOKED AND UNCHOKED CONDITIONS
RAKE p’17 Static DATA STATION 13’
M = 0.85, To = 120°F, Po = 30 psia, q = 9.5 psi, Roll angle=0°
2.5E-07
2ND THROAT
CONFIGURATION
2.0E-07
UNCHOKED
CHOKED
p'/q, (Hz-1)

1.5E-07

COMPOSITE SPECTRA
1.0E-07 170 Hz
DASHED: Df = 1HZ
SOLID: Df = 10HZ

5.0E-08

0.0E+00
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
fL/U (L=1 foot)
2nd Joint Conference of the STAI and National Transonic Facility
SATA NASA Langley Research Center Slide 15 of 21
June 7 - 11, 2015
 COMMON RESEARCH MODEL TEST
1.2

FAR SIDEWALL (9)

1 NEAR SIDEWALL (19)

0.8
Second
BASELINE

MACH
Throat

0.6

0.4

0.2
a= -0.020
0
-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
X (FEET)
1.2

FAR SIDEWALL (9)

1 NEAR SIDEWALL (19)

0.8
SECOND THROAT Shock
Second
Throat

MACH
0.6 CHOKED CONFIG
Boundary
Layer
0.4

0.2 Model
Wake

a= 0.207
0
-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
X (FEET)

2nd Joint Conference of the STAI and National Transonic Facility

SATA NASA Langley Research Center Slide 16 of 21
June 7 - 11, 2015
 INFLUENCE OF COMMON RESEARCH MODEL

1.0E-05
MODEL
MODEL CONFIGURATION INTERACTIONS
1.0E-06 O
CRM AOA = 0.2
1ST HARMONIC
EMPTY TUNNEL (RAKE)
1.0E-07
(p'/q)2 , Hz-1

COMPOSITE SPECTRA
DASHED: Df = 1HZ
1.0E-08
SOLID: Df = 10HZ

1.0E-09

SECOND THROAT CONFIGURATION

1.0E-10 CHOKED

1.0E-11
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
fL/U (L=1 foot)
2nd Joint Conference of the STAI and National Transonic Facility
SATA NASA Langley Research Center Slide 17 of 21
June 7 - 11, 2015
 VGS INEFFECTIVE WITH
COMMON RESEARCH MODEL
Mach = 0.85, ReC = 10.0x106, q = 12 psi, To = -50°F, Po = 38 psi
1.0E-05
MODEL
VORTEX GENERATOR INTERACTIONS
CONFIGURATION
1.0E-06
ALL VGs 1ST HARMONIC
NO VGs
1.0E-07
(p'/q)2 ,Hz-1

1.0E-08

1.0E-09
SECOND THROAT CONFIGURATION
CHOKED
1.0E-10

1.0E-11
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
fL/U (L=1.0 foot)
2nd Joint Conference of the STAI and National Transonic Facility
SATA NASA Langley Research Center Slide 18 of 21
June 7 - 11, 2015
 NTF TEST 218 – CRM
CONDITIONAL SAMPLING METHODOLOGY AND EFFECT
Measured drag force varies
directly with measured Mach
number variation
Mach variation increases at high
AoA, probably due to separation
(plot shows 3 repeat runs)

Conditional sampling only accepts

and averages frames within a given
Mach tolerance – given the correlation
between Mach and drag, repeatability
is improved

Drag Repeatability, Raw Data CS Applied, Mach Tolerance +/- 0.0005

2nd Joint Conference of the STAI and National Transonic Facility

SATA NASA Langley Research Center Slide 19 of 21
June 7 - 11, 2015
 SUMMARY

• STARBUKS effort finished testing 27 September

– Check Standard Model (CSM), Common Research Model (CRM),
Centerline Pipe Calibration (CPC) and Flow Uniformity tests (Rake)
have been completed

• FIDO effort continues

– Desired data quality levels were achieved within series using
computational and/or physical means
• Preliminary Mach number variability to less than ±0.0005
• Preliminary CD repeatability to less than ±0.0001 at cruise conditions

• Physical Means include VGs and 2nd Throat

– VGs were very effective in stabilizing low frequency characteristics
associated with the high speed diffuser for empty tunnel
configurations
– VGs were NOT effective for the CRM transonic configuration
– Choked second throat stabilized low frequency wind tunnel
characteristics improving Mach number stability
2nd Joint Conference of the STAI and National Transonic Facility
SATA NASA Langley Research Center Slide 20 of 21
June 7 - 11, 2015
 QUESTIONS?

RESEARCH TEAM
Eric Walker, Ph.D.
Greg Jones, Ph.D.
David Chan
S. Balakrishna , Ph.D.
Joshua DeMoss, Ph.D.
Scott Goodliff
Matthew Bailey
Roman Paryz

AIAA 2015-1557 JONES, ET.AL.

AIAA 2015-0622 CHAN, ET.AL.
AIAA 2014-1481 Paryz
2nd Joint Conference of the STAI and National Transonic Facility
SATA NASA Langley Research Center Slide 21 of 21
June 7 - 11, 2015
 BACKUP SLIDES

2nd Joint Conference of the STAI and National Transonic Facility

SATA NASA Langley Research Center Slide 22 of 21
June 7 - 11, 2015
 FIDO PROJECTS AND TESTS

• 5 Major Projects • 5 Experimental Entries

– Test Section Movables (2nd – Test 219 Check standard
Throat) [Pathfinder]
 Tunnel configuration selection  Mach control methodology
 Mach control methodology  Continuous sweep
 2nd throat actuation optimization
– Conditional Sampling – Test 216A&B Flow survey rake
 Off-line [Complete]  Validate RTD array
 On-line real-time  Verify turbulence reduction
– Increasing Access Housing from STARBUKS [Deferred due
Heating to budget]
– Proportional Liquid Nitrogen – Test 220 Calibration extension
(LN2) Injection  Mach control methodology
 Optimized nitrogen injection – Test 221 CRM validation
 Minimize nitrogen system  Validation of combined system
hammering upgrades
– LN2 Pump Health Monitoring

2nd Joint Conference of the STAI and National Transonic Facility

SATA NASA Langley Research Center Slide 23 of 21
June 7 - 11, 2015
 CONDITIONAL SAMPLING

• Improve data quality

– Reject data samples that do
not meet requirements

• Off-line: available CD±0.0001 Conditional Sample Conditional Sample

Avg 1st 2 Sec
1st 2 Sec 1st Valid 2 Sec (of 12)
– Performance penalty due to
longer data samples required
– Need ~2 seconds of valid
data
– May need to acquire 10-12
sec

• On-line: in development
– Stop acquiring data when
samples meet specified
criteria
– Alleviates most of
M±0.0005
performance penalty

2nd Joint Conference of the STAI and National Transonic Facility

SATA NASA Langley Research Center Slide 24 of 21
June 7 - 11, 2015
 CORRELATION TO THE SPEED OF SOUND

MACH = 0.85, REC = VARY, STATION 13 FAR WALL, CHOKED CONFIGURATION

1.0E-04
a (ft/sec) To (°F)
1105 122
1.0E-05 941 -50
MODEL 665 -250
INTERACTIONS
(p'/q)2 ,Hz-1

1.0E-06
1ST HARMONIC
1.0E-07

1.0E-08

1.0E-09
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00
fL/a (L=1.0 foot)
2nd Joint Conference of the STAI and National Transonic Facility
SATA NASA Langley Research Center Slide 25 of 21
June 7 - 11, 2015
 CORRELATION WITH FREE STREAM VELOCITY

MODEL INTERACTIONS ARE NOT CORRELATED WITH MACH NUMBER

1.0E-04 1.0E-04
MACH To (°F) a(ft/s) MACH To(°F) U(ft/s)
MODEL 0.70 -250 678 0.70 -250 474
MODEL
1.0E-05 INTERACTIONS 0.85 -250 665 1.0E-05 INTERACTIONS 0.85 -250 565
1ST HARMONIC
1ST HARMONIC

(p'/q)2 ,Hz-1
(p'/q)2 ,Hz-1

1.0E-06 1.0E-06

1.0E-07 1.0E-07

1.0E-08 1.0E-08

1.0E-09 1.0E-09
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
fL/a (L=1.0 foot) fL/U (L=1 foot)

Station 13 Far Test Section Wall

2nd Joint Conference of the STAI and National Transonic Facility

SATA NASA Langley Research Center Slide 26 of 21
June 7 - 11, 2015