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Ta6 JI rf ic a 5
nHonycKaeMbie np « npoeKtHpoBaHHH BepirwhajTbHWfe nporHou
FipOJieTHlilY CTpOeHHH
cRiasi BC\nnTinna iiporuoa
ropojiGKjax H
MsTcpnaji npOjieT - MaKciiMaJitHbift npo -
JK eJre H &uo -
^ ^
aBTC OpOJlt '
ffInfAh MO( TOB
aETonopojK -
KUX WJCTOIJ
HOfO CTpOeHHH rn6 B npe ejiax pQHtllbtX MO' na flonorax I ,
^ CTO B IJ , III H IV
na flLiporax
V KareropHu
KaTeropMfi
-
*ij
l 1 1
JJCejieaoGfiTOH H FTpo -fiexa 800 / 4 U0 / 300
ctajib
] 1 ?
KOHCOJTH 250 250 l 200
1 I 1
flepeco npojteta l l
400 180 180
3,nec & l
fK
— pacneTHbifl npoieT ;
3,1HH a KOHCOJ1 H.
HonycKaeMaa BC.I Minna npomfia ucpupeaiiL'x npoienibix cTpo
. eTHt1x Mocrax yBeinuiBaeTCfl
emifi n npoienibix CTpoemift B 03Honpo1 . -
Ha 20 % .
IlponiO no3BecHbix npoietHbix CTpoennii onpepeuieTCH OTHOCHTeib
HO HX KOHIIOB .
-
B CHCTe.Max, rfle B npc eiax opnoro npoieia BO3MOBCHM nporn 6bi
^
pa 3Hbix 3 H 3 KOB npH pasimtrbix 3arpy >KCHniix BToro npoieTa noiBinK -
HOH BpeMetiHofi BepTHKaibHoii Harpy3 Koii, pacieTHbiii npom 6 BBIHIIC -
jiaeTCH K 3K cyMMa MaKciiMaibHbix op3imaT IHHHH nporiiQa pa3Hbix 3iia
KOB, oTBenaiom,a5i 03HO My noioaceHino HarpyaKii.
-
I B aBTOXQpOXiHWX H ropQflCKHX
MOCTax flonycKaeMbie BemmtHbi
npornoos Repeal HMWX npoieTHUX
CTpoemiH up 11 nponycKe xoieCHOH
H ryceHiriHoii narpy 3Kn yBe/ui
tiiiBaioTcfl na 20 % .
-
n p i[ M c i a « n e . IlpornCu
CKEQ 3 HBIX FipOJieTHblX CTpOeHHIf *
TI 3) GBbIItfa [OIilHe
_L t ijq JKCJICSO -
600
OeTOHHEJX H MeTa JII ' ieCK X
^ ^ ^ KOH -
cTpy *tmifi n -L / jyia ziepeBSTHHbix ,
O'J'J
/[ onycjfaiaTc oOecne e^
^KOHcTpyKium
npoHirocTir
rrpij
^
c yieiGM
uji
SKeCTKOCTH y 3J] QB «
10
53. B JIC(VIC3 Ioa0 pG>X I I J X
' '
MOC - B aBTOAOpOHCHLIX H TopOACKHX
Tax Ha KOHUe KOHCOHH pacneT- wocrax 3Mn;:HTy /i3i iipomOoB KOH -
HhiH yroJi nepejiona ynpyron JIII - ua CBO0OflHOH KOHCO /IH He AOJTCKHfcr
HHH OT HOpMaTHBHOH naiBHIKHO'i npeBbimarb 4 CM .
BpeMeHHoft BepiK KaJibHoii Harpys -
KJI JI OT HOpMaTHBHOll nOCTOHHHOH
Harpy3 KH npH yneie cTpoirroxb -
tioro no TieMa He Aon>Keu rtpeBbt
^ -
maTb AonycKaeMofi npii npoeKTH -
poBaHiiif BenHHiinw 0,006 .
54. B ganoHHbix pa 3pe3Hi>ix B npoJicTHHX CTpoeHHax aBio -
Mera.a.iHHecKnx nponenibix cTpoe- flopo >KHbix , ropOAOKHX H neine
xo aux MOCTOB pacaeTHuS nepuoA
-
HHHX lKGae3HOaopt»KHbIX MOCTOB
pacneTHun ncpirox CRcoopiDix ro -
^
CBOSOAHLIX uepTiiKa.ibHBrx KoneOa -
- - -
pH 30 HTajifaHHX Ko.'ieoaHHii , onpe
ji,e.'iHeMhn"r cornacHo npiutosceMio
4 , AOAJKeH CbiTh ne fence 0 ,011 CCK
TepBane 0, 3
—
HHH He AO TJKeH HaXO;lHTbCa 3 IIH
0, 7 ce /c , a nepnoA
ropif 30HTa.ribHbrx KoneOaimfi He
II He Sojiee 1 ,5 CSK { l nponer AonaceH coBnaaaTt c nepnoAOM
B .If ) . BepTHKa IbHblX KOJleSaHHH HHH
^
6bITb KpaTHblM e MV . .
55.Oca ica ocHOBaHiifl onop, BbiqiicnenHbie OT nopMaTiiBHofl no
^ -
CTOHmiofi Harpy 3 KH coraacHO yKa 3anuHM paapena VUI , u ropii30K
TajibHbie cMemenHH Bepxa onop nan uaojib, TSK
B HaupaBJieHHHx
-H
nonepeK OCH MOCTH , BHHH OUCH H bi e or AononHHTeJibHbix coneTaHiiii Hop-
MSTHBHblX Harpy30 K , He AOAHCHLI flOCTIiraTb BeJIHHHH , llpll KOTOpbIX
MOTJIH 6M BO3 HHKHyTb 3aTpyflHeHHH HopMaabHoii SKcruiyaramm . 3TH
BE.TaxsiHb! ycTaiiaBJiHBaiOTca B KaiKAQM oTAonbHOM cjiynae B 3anvicH -
MOCTEI OT KOHCRPYKLINH nponerHbix CTpoemiH ( BKJUOHaa oiropHbre nac
TII ii Hiapniipbi ) , OT pa 3 Mepos 3a 3opoe B HX conpaHiemiHX , etpopMa -
-
nHOHHbix uiBax , pejibeoBOM nyra II noK pbiTiiii cpoe3H( efi nacTii, OT yc
' ^ -
,/IOBHH cnnpq >Kemra MOOTS C no xoflaMH H c yneroM oSecneneHiia noA
MocioBoro raOapina . ^ -
ZI.1S MOCTOB BHelHHC GTHXHMCCKH HeO:ipe,il.(VI IIM hi X CHCTeM OCcl.'I K H
H CMemeHHH onop ;ioj:xXrihi Obirb orpaHinienbi Taione B 3 aBiiCHMOCTH
OT peayabiaxoB pac eTa KONCIPYKQ,BH no nepRowy H TpeibeMy npeA nb
^
HbiM COCTOHHIISM c Vbe'roM B.TIIHHKH oca,pox a cMemeHHii .
^ -
Bo Bcex c/iynanx onycKaeMMe npii npoeKTHposaHHii npeAe/ibnbie
^
Be/iiiHHHbi (u r.if ) He AonxtHbi , KHK npaBiiAO , npeBbimaib:
nonHas paBHoMepHan OCAAXA onopbi 1,5 ; VT
paaiiocTi , noJiHbix paanoMepiibix ocaAOK OMexcHbiX onop
ropK 30 H7 anbHoe cMemeHiie Bepxa onopbi 0, 5 / — V .
— 0,75|,rf ;
—
rpe / AJiirHa MeHbuiero npiiMhiKatomero K onope npojieTa , Bbipa -
jKeHHaa B MeTpax ii npHHiiMaeMan ne ueHee 25 M .
.
56 PenbCOBoiiy nyiii n noKpMTiuo npoe3>t:eu nacxH Ha nponeTHbtx
CTpoeniiHx npiiAaercn crpoiiiejibHbiH noABew, oOecnenHBafomirn nnaB
noe ABn >KeHiie noesAOB, aBTOAro6ii.'ie& n np. npn MiiHiiMa 'ibHbix yrnax . -
nepenoxia npoi:[) ii;in penbcosoro nytii MB noicpbiTiia npoesxveii HSCTH
20
fiaA KOHueBHMH H npoMeBiVTo^ HHMH onopaMH Mocra H B mapHHpax np «
JUOOoM UOAOHteHHH HOpMaTHBKOH nOABHJKUOH BpeMCHHOfi BepTHKS b
HOB narpysKH.
^ -
57» CipoHiejibnufl noyteM pejtbCQBOMy nyra H noKpuraio npoe3iKeft
.
nacTH npii aercfl 3a caeT n iHTbi npoe3acen Hacra , HSMeneHini TOJI
^ -
IHHHM fiaxiacTHoro CJIOH , paSoaea BHCOTH MOCTOBUX OpycaeB c yqeroM
.
npo< jin i3 iioBepxtiocTH OaaoK, a TaKJKe 3a cneT DPOHTCJIBHOPO 'bexia noa.
npOJICTHblX CTpOBHHB .
D p « M e i a mi e . B npojieTHWx cTpoeflmix , npornS KOTOPMX OT
HOPMATHBHBIX flOCTOflmrOH Harpy3 KH H BpCMeHHOHL BCpTHKaJIbHoft HflrpV3 KH
OT nojiBH ?Knoro cocxaBa ne npeamnaeT 1 ,5 CM ami , i B e s H m i H i a npojieTa ,
a T 3 K 3KG B AepGfin HITLIX uporonax /[.onycKaeTCSi He npe ycMaTpusaTb crpoH -
TejiLHOro
^ noAi Ma ,
^
58. CTpoHTCJibHwe no beMM AO/OKHM HasHanarbca c yqeTOM fljia
. ^
npo TCTHbix CTpoeiiHft : EHeibiHe pacnopnbix H3MencHHJi TCMnepaTypH ;
SeTOHHHX H JKejieaofieToiiHUX npo/ieroM (Scwiee 50 M , a TSKJKG npeABa -
pHTejIbHO HanpflyKCHHbtX
IIpHJKeHHH .
ycaAKii H nojiayqecra fieroHa , noTepb Ha -
np BM e fl a n H e. yK83 aHHbie (JiaKTopu /IOJISKHIII yiiBTbiBaThca Tato
jse .
npH pa3 MeaieHnii aeiJiopMauHOHHKX mBOB n onpe.ae ieiiHH HX BCJiimHHbi .
'
.
59 TtmoBbiM CajioHHbiM paspe3HHM npojieTHbiM cTpoeHHHM npn -
Aaercfl Taxofi CTPOHT&I bHbifi noAte.M no njiaBHOH KPMBOH {napaOojie,
Ay re Kpyra ), HTOOM nocJI e yqeia Ae opMaunfi OT nopMaraBHOti nocTOJin -
no naparn.ie, ^ ^
HOH narpy3Kn cTpeyia KptfBoii crpoHTe ibHoro noAtewa , onepnenHoft
COOTBCTCTBOBAJIA Be/iMHUHe ynpyroro npornOa npoJieT*
Horo CTpOemiH OT riOJIOBHHbl HOpMaTHBIIOH nOABHJKHOH BpCMeHHOH
BepTHKajibHOH Harpy3 Kn , a npH oqepTaHHH no Ayre Kpyra coctaB
ji5Uia 6 u 80% 3TOH BejniqnHbi .
-
60. KocbiM H ApyrHM OKcueiii ijaaiio HarpvxcaeMbiM npojreTHbiM
'
CTpoeHHHM AOJi>KHa npHAaBaxtcn Tanaa >KecTKOCTb H cooTBeTCTBywmee

npeBbiinenne CTpoHTeabHoro noA e a OAHOH paibcoson WITH OTHOCH
^^ -
TeAbHo Apyrofi , aTO OH nepeKocbi nyra noA noe3AawH He npeBocxo -
AH AonycTHMLix .
. 60 TpyObi noA HacbinHMH , He HMeroiune CBafiHbix

A0 Hbi yKJiaAbifiaTbca co CTpoHTe ibHbiM noAteMOM
yHA MeHTOB ,
.
qaHbix rpvHTax M 1- /, ( H npn rjimnicTbix rpyHTax (TAB H
H npn nee
BblCOTa
Vso^
^
-
5J
nacbinn) . Ha caaObix rpyHTax cTponreabiibiH noAteMipyC nasnanaeTcn
B COOTBeiCTBKH C paeHtrTOM (.ftKHpaeMHX OC3A0 K OT B03AeHCTBH51 Beca
rpyHTa Hacwnti npiiMeHineiibHO K yKasamraM pasAe a VIII , ^
n p H M e M a ii H e. Bo .iiAemariiie sacioii BO K ( OCOCCHHO B iiaiax. b -
Htiil nepHOfl 3 KcnjiyaTau. HR ) oTMeTKa aotsa ^
BxoflHoro oro .
'ioBKa npn ecex
yc.ioBHnx flOjiiKHa 6 tiTb Bwrne OTMSTKH aoTKa cpe Hero 3B 6 Ha Tpv 6 u.
^
0. BEPXHEE CTPOEHHE HyTH HA X( EJIfi3 H 0A0P0A( HbIX MOCTAX
.
62 KoHCTpyKUHH nyra na Mocrax no npoiHocra H YCTOHIHBOCTH
.
AOJIJKHA oOecneHHBaTb Oesonacnoe H n iaBHoe ABHJKeHHe noe3AOB c HQH
6o;ib: UHMH KOHCTpVKUHOHHblMH CKOpOCTfiMH JIOKOMOTHBOB, a TclKXve
-
npoxoA KOAec noABHJKnoro cocTaBa na cjiynan exoaa HX c pe/iacoa .
a
63. n >'Tb
Ha rrpojieTHhix cTpoeHirax MOCTOB yKJiaAHBaercfl HS me6e -
HOHHOM da /viacre IIJIII ira AepeBfiHHbix nonepemmax ,
.
HblX MeTajI lIIHL'CKJIX IIpOJieTHblX CTpoeHHHX
Ha ocodo Kpyn
TaKiKe Ha MeiajuniHe
a --
CKHX nonepeniiHax ,
nyTb Ha GajjjiacTe AOJOKCH ynjiaAbrsaTbca Ha Bcex Majibix coopyjKC
HHHX , B TOM qiicjie, KaK npaBHjio , Ha AepeBHHHtix MocTax , Ha nyienpo
--
.
BO ax H na MocTax , pacnojiO/KeHHbix B npe/ie iax craimiiH , na KpiiBOH
^ -
MJIM yiuioHe cBbime 4 % 0, a raione na acex KaxieHHbix , OeTOHHtix ir >Kejie -
3o6eTOmibix coopyaveHHJix .
yraa Ky nyrii c neriocpeACTBeHHbiM npiiKperuieHiieM K /Kejieao -
SeTOHHofi^ mime paspewaeica npiiMeHHTL c cooJiiofleHHeM yKa3aHHH
n . 66.
64. IIInpiiHa da.ijTaCTHoro KopbiTa noBepxy Ao. i /Kiia dbiTb Ha oA*
'
HOnyTHbrx npoaerabix crpoeinuix He Menee 3 , 6 eoiH B KOHCTpyKmiH

He npeflycMOTpeiibi cneiyiajibHbie Mepw no oGeeneneHino SOKOBOII YCTOH -
HHBOCTII nym , a Taicace Mepbi ripomB ocbinaHHH BaJuiacra.
Ha AByxnyTiibix npo,ieTHbix cTpoeHMX mirpiiHa Garni acTHoro
Kopbira yBejiiiHiiBaeTCH na BOJiimirny paccTOHHiiH MexKAy OCHMII
cMe >KHHX nyren B COOTBETCTBHH C yKasamiUMH no npHMeHeHHio
rOCT 983S 59 . —
npif pacnojio>KeHiiH Mocra Ha KpiiBoft wupiiHa oamaoTKoro KopbiTa
yB&/nrii HEa CTCH B 33BIICHMOCTII OT pa nyca KpHBoii ir qirc na nyieii Ha
^ .
MOCTy B COOTBeTCTBHII C yilOMHH VXbiMH BblUie yKa3aHHJIMII .
KpoMe Toro , npii npsiMOJiHHeHHbix eeKiriinx GajuiacTHoro KopbiTa
ero
P
HiHpiiHa yBejnmuBaeTCH Ha BejuiqHHy cTpejibi KpiiBofl / 8R ’
^ R ——
r e l A '!3iHa
> ceKipm
paflHVC KpiEBOH.
npoaeTHoro cipoeHHa ;
npa 3TOM co cToponbi BHeuiHero r:yTH , yaO/KCHFioro c E03Bbimc -

HHOM Hapy >KHoro peabca, paccronHiie OT OCH nym A BiiyTpeHHeif
BepniKaAbiioii rpaHii nopMajibHoro Gopta GajuiacTHoro KopbiTa AOJIJKHO °
dbiTb He MeHee 2,05 M .
65. MiiHHMa .ibHaa TOJimHHa meoeHonnoro oajuiacTHoro CJIOH IIOA
ninajioft Ha Mociax ir nyienpoBOAax npiiHHMaeTcn , KBK npaBiuio, 25 CM
( HO He Menee 20 ex;) Ha BOAOpa3AMbHbix TOHKax , cniuaa OT HIUKHCII
HOCT&III mira,abi AO Bepxa 3amiiTnoro CTOH HSA H30 smieif
^ .
.
66 MocioBoe HQJIQTHO
XXEBIEAHOAOPONCHBIX MOCTOB HaiyieBvHT
npoeKTHponaTb B cooTBeTCTBim c TpeGoeaHnHMH HopManefi H TiinoBbix
npoeKTOB JIJIII AencTsyioineii HHCTpyKnHH no TenymeMy coAepHiamno
Htejie3 Ho;i,opoHvnoro nyTii ( nsAamin MamicTepcTBa nyreft cooGipeHHfl)
B Haem ycTponcTBa nyTii Ha Mociax.
67. KoHTppe.nbCbr ( MU KompyrojiKii) AO^HM yoaAbiBaTLCH na
MOCTSX H nyrenpoBOAax c e3Aoii nax Ha nonepenHHax , Tax II Ha Cabjiacre
npn AJiiine coopyrneHun Gnxee 25 M IIJIH npn pacnojiosceHHH ero Ha Kpir
BOH paAHycoM MeHee 1 000 M .
-
.
Kpowe Toro , KOHTppeabcbi AO TJKHM yKJiaAbiBaTbCfl Ha nyrax ,
npoxoAHrunx noA nyienpoBOAaMH, eCviii pacciostHiie OT OCH nyra go
CToeK nyTeopOBOAa MeHee 3 M .
22
.
68 MocTOBtie 6 pycbn ( Ha .
MocTax) o n >KHH COOTBCTCTBO -
— ^
cTajibHMX
BaTb TOOT 8486 57 II npeAycMaTpimaTbcH ceiennoM 200 y 240 M M
.
npii iropMa Ti, Hoii AAiwe 3 200 M M -
PaccTonniie B cBeTy Me>?;/;y MOCTOUUMH opycbHun onycKaeTca He
donee 150 n He Menee 100 M M . ^
.
60 BoAbimie if cpe Hiie MOCTM, a TSIOKC MOCTM, pacnoJio>KeHHMe
^
B npe ejiax eraHmiff , H nyrenpoBOAhi AO.TVKHM npoeKTHpoBarbca c 6o -
^
KoBbiMti pa 3fle./ibHbiMi! TpoTyapaMir , orpaaiaeHHbiMH nepHJiaMii .
70. Ha cTa.
ubHbix MOCTHX , Kor .ua
« TeMnepaTypHbiH npo Ter», onpe . -
. . ^ .
Ae iarori;nii Bc/maiiKy npo o ibiu >ix iiepeMemeHiiii KOHUOB nponeTHbix
CTpocHiffl OT Ko rie0aHnsr TeMnepaTypH n B03A.eHCTBHH noe3fl,Hofi Harpy3 -
, .
Kft , npeBocxo iiT 100 M JKWISKHH yK iau, biBaTbCH ypaBimTenbHbie npir
^ -
.
6opbi . OcTpjf Kif ypaBHHTe ibHbix npnoopoB pacnojiaraioTca nomepciHo
B oTHomeinnt HanpaBAeHnn EpeiiMymecTBCHHoro ABiDKeHHH , ecAH aa -
fieTbi fie nona aiox Ha ycTofi IIJIII CME>K H oe npoJieTHoe cTpooHiie c eaAoii
(
Ha dannacTe. ^
.
71 riepeA MOCTSMII odmen fljniHofi donee 500 M npii Ha ’iimKH aajis
Hifsi yKJiajtbiRatOTCJi cneuiiaabiibie ycrpoiicTBa pyie AR TO N:a T;IHEC KORO
- -
BKaTbiBaHHH Ha peibcbi KOJiec noABH ® IToro cocTaBa B cnyqae cxo,na .
.
72 riyTb Ha nop.xcyiax K HOCTOHHHHM xioeraM H nyTenpoBO aM.
^
He3aBiiciiMO OT po a dannacTa , npiiHHToro K yit na Ke Ha JIIIHHH , Aon -
- ^
^
JKeH npoeKTirpoBaTbCA Ha medeiioHHOM (HAH rpaBiu'iHOM) 6a;inacTe H 3
.
A 'inay 30 M y Majibix MOCTOB, He MeHee
B Kaamyio ciopoHy He Menee
100 M y cpe Hiix MOCTOB H He wenee 200 M y donbwiix MOCTOB.
. ^
73 Ha no/TXoaax K oeapa iaacTHb^; MOCTSM ACMDKHO OMTB npe.iycMOT -
peHo noAHoe 3aKpenneiwe ay OT yroHa na nocTaTOHHOM npoTJOKeHmi
B 3aBifCHMOCTH OT ripcc t/ia nyTH H HanpauAtHHH npeodnaAaiomero
rpy 3QBoro flBiijKeHKa . ^
JO - nOKPblTHE nP0 E3)KEfl HACTH HA ABTO OPO ( HbIX
H rOPOACKHX WOCTAX ^ ^
.
74 noKpbmte npoe3>Kefi nacTH MOCTOB HaanaaaeTCJi accjjanbTO -
deTOHHMM HJIII lieMeilTOOeTOHHUM, apMHpOBaflllbIM B cfiopHbIX M0CT3X
CeTKOH ,
Ha
flepeBHHHbix MocTax noKpbmie nasHaaaeTCH B
noro HacTiwa, no KoropoMy penaeTCH
? AepeBHH BHA
noBepxHocTHasi oopadoTKa c
-
npiiMeHOHiieM icpymioro necxa .
.
75 B ropoftcKiix MOOTSX Bepx pexbcoB TpaMaaiiHbix nyTeft , yiuia-
AbiBaeMbix Ha odmeM nonoTue , AOAJKeH pacnojiaraTbcii B ypOBHe OAHOM
c noKpbiTiieM .
.
76 KoHCTpyKmia ycTpansaeMbix B npoe3>Kefl qacm AC opMamiOH -
Hbix :rroB Ao /iiKHa adecnemtRaTh CP.onoyy nepeMemeHuit conparaeMbix
qacTOH ii ruiaBHbiii upoesA TpaacnopTa , a TaKixe npeAOxpaHeniie OT
^
npoHiiKaHHH BOAbi H OT 3aco[ieHiiH pacnoAOJKeHHbix HiiJKe qacTefi .
KoHCTpyKHHA OTKpbITbIX AeijlOpMapiIOHHblX HI BOB AOA>KHS OblTb,
KpoMe Toro , yAOOHoil AJIH ocMOTpa u OHUCTKH .TOTKOB.
23
U,eMeHTO6eroHHoe noKpbmie RQJUKRQ npepbiBaTbCfl IIIBOM BO BCEX
CJiyqanx , ac ajibTofieTOHHoe
cxefi iia ^ CBbiuie
—
npn nepeMemeHHH conparaeMbix na-
1 CM .
nP COHP OKEHHE MOCTOB C nO XOAAMH

^
77, KoHCTpyrmiia conpHJKeHnx MOCTB c Hacbmbio gojimm
^ o6ecne -
tiHBaTb njiasHbifi (6ca TOJIHKOB ) na MOCT,
3eM.TIJTHOe QOJIOTHO y fiOJIblHHX
?KeJie3 KO£OpO>KHblX MOCTOB nOJIJK . -
HO 6 biTb yuiHpeHO Ha 0 ,5 M na
npOTSDKeHHH 10 M OT 3a H £ H rpaHH
ycToeB , a ua nocneny *omnx 15 M
^ ,
nocreneHHo cseneno no HOpManb -

HOH LLIH piTHbl *
78, MaccHBHUe ycron MOCTOB nojixtHbi ycTpaHBaTbca jaKiix
J
( )opM
IT pa3MepoBT npn Koiopbix Hanexaio oCecne HBaercn HX HenonaTjm
^
BocTb KaK no nopHbix cTeH , noAdepJKHBaroiaHX Hacbinii nonxonoB.
-
^
B )KeJie3HO OpOJKHblX Mocrax
^
Ha acTH yCToeB , npiTMbiKaiomefl
^
K HacbrnH , nojiMbi fibirb npeny -
cMOTpeHbi KOHCTpyKiiHH JXJIH ynep- -
mamtH SajuiacrHoS npw3Mbi QT
OCbinaHHH .
79, npH conptfxreHmi JKejie3o6eTOHHbix, CeTOHHbix u KaMeHHbrx
KOHCTpyKixuii MOCTOB c HacbiriHMti noflxoAOB nanJieJKHt BbinojiHflTb
cnenyioiHjre ycJioBHjr :
а) nocjie ocagm Hacbmn H KOHyca npHMMKaiomafl K Hacbinu qaCTb
yCTOJl H7IH CB06O HQH KOHCOJIH ( B aBTOflOpO KHblX MOCTax) OJIJKHa
BXO KTb B KOHyC H 3
^ ^
(cqHT35T OT BepiUHHH KOHyca HaCbHlH ^
^
Ha ypoBne SpOBKH nojroTHa .no rpamr KOHCTpyKiriiH , conpnraeMOH c
Hacbmbio ) HC MeHee 0 ,75 M npn Bbicoie Hacbinano 6 M a He MeHee 1 fi M
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24
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H 30Aau,HH npn codAiOAeHHH ynaaa -
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86 M30AHpyioiHHH
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26
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5 M . ^
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CMorpoBbie xoflti H 3 HecropaeMbix MaTepiiaaoB.
27
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95 y xa:K oro KOHI a MOCTB , iiyrerpoEo a ^H TpydJbi npH BbrcoTe
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uia B ypoBHe Coe3Hoy ope>K:f o ro npoesxa aepex 50 M C KAXYUON ^ CTopoHbi
npoea a B maxAiarnoM nopa Ke.
^ ^
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Aopo>KiibiM MocTaw , nyrenpoBOflaM
orpas< ;
-
n Tp'yoXM naxxeXvHT ycraHaRxii
yciponcTBa .
BaTb xafom ire
98. npOTHBonoiKapHoe oGopyflOBaHne AOJDKHO ycrpan - Jia MocTax

BaTbCH fteHCTBViOmHMH HOpMaMH .
B COOTBGTCTBHU C
99. Bee MCTAXXHXECKHC MOCTOB , pacnojrox< eHHbre
KOHCTpyRUnn
fia paccToaiinn MeHee 5 M OT nacTeft KorrraKTHoft CGTH , naxojifluiHxcH
noa, HaripaxeeHneM , a Taroxe KOHCTpyKUHH KpenjieHHH HSOJIHTOPOB
KOKTSKTHOH CCIH Ha MexesooeTOHHbrxx GeTOHHHx H Ka.’viexHux KOHCT
cneuxa.
-
pyKHHJix
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3eM ncHna .
xon
>Knu owTb aaxcMxeHbi ycTponcTBOM ioHoro 3a -
.
100 Ha nyTenpoBoxax H nemexoxHbix Mocrax , npoeKTnpyeMbix
Hafl oneiirpH HUHpyeMbiMH nyrsiMH, npexycrua.TPHBAK)TCH npexoxpa
^ .
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-
Haxoxamnxca IIOX nanpaxceHneM .
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101 BoxbUiiie H cp line MOCTH XOJDKHBI rnueTb npncnoco6xenna
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XJia nponyexa Bcex OHHIXT CBH 3H , npexycMOTpeHHbix na HHHHOH xopo
re, H japyrsix npoBOXOX, pa 3pemeHiibix XJIH jranHoro coopy>fceHHH , a Ha
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KOHTaKTHOH cera . ^ ^
B HeoOxoXHMbix cjiynaax flOJUKHbi ycTpaHBaTbca ocBemeHne H
cy oBaa cHrHajiH3 anna.
^ripHcoexHHeiiHe KponmTeHHOB H no BecoR K ojieMeHTaM KoncTpyx -
UHH MocTa npn noMom, H XOMVTOR He âonycKaeiCH .
PacnoaoxiGHHe .NHHHII
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MOHTy H cofiepaiaHHid MOCTOB .
Ha ropoflcKHX MOCTax MaaTbi KOH -
TaKTHOS H OCBeTHTeJIbHOH CCTH npn
TpoTyapax miipHHofi 3 M H Gojiee
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pe an ,
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KpbiTHfl Ha paccToanHH iie MeHee 50 n OT nana /ia MOCTa . OTKpbrrne
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IS CTpoiiTejjbHLie HarpysKH , * , * . ,
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*CorjiacHO upiiMenaHHio 2 K n . 128.

30
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^ ^
H — Bbicora 3acbmKii , cwran OT Bepxa TpyObi £0 noAoinB&r
innaa MII flo Bepxa ,uopo >KHaro noKpbiTHH , B M \
p, — ,
K03$ nnuieHT npii BUM acMbrii cornacHo n 111
4 . .
122. HopMarHBHaa ropmonTaabniin noncpcnan Harpy3Ka OT pen-
TpoOeiiiHoii cHJihi ,3/1 H MOOTOB , pacno cjKeiinMx Ha KpiiBOH pa nycoM
R B M , npHHHMaercH B BUAC pasiiOMepno ^ pacnptfleJieHHOii Harpy3KH ^
C B m / M:
36
we ne3Hbix sopor
, npimo - aBTOftOpOHCHblX U ropOJICKHX
3KenHoii Ha B!>icoTe 2 M OT ro - MCCFOB na KpuBoii paftiiycoM 600 M
JIOJKK peJibca , ftjifi otfHOiO .
r yni u Mesee npajio KetiUoii B ypoB ^ -
no (JwpMyjiaM : ne Bepxa nceioTHa npoe3ft\eii
a ) ftr, s MeTajyiH’-iecKHX , îacTH s.iisi Ka>Kftoii UOJIOCH ftm~
(
Jie 3o6 GTOHHHX , ferOlIHHX H Ka - JKeHHS no (JiopMyjie

MeHHbIX MOCTOB 15 y. p
180 C
100 4- R i ’
R-
C= k
P
ne fioJiee 0 , 15 k ; HO ne ueiiee 0,15
HO l
6 ) /yin sepeBjiHiibix MOCTOB ripit A! <[ 250 ,u II HC MeHee
90
C k
R
. -!0
~ '
R
P
l
npji R tf 250 AU -
no He Cosee 0, 10 k , rse P uec V rn >KP.reHHoro a 8io»
—
'
Oie k paBiioMepno pacnpese ieH .

Hasi HopMaTHBHaa Bpe .MeH - j
- MOfJHJIH pac 4erHofi KO -
JlOHHbl B f? i ;
Han aeptHKalibHasi H a- I
rpv 3ica, cooTBeTcrByioni,asi !
VP cyM-vsa Becos
Jieft B paCHt-THoft
aBTOwoGn -
K Oft Oil -
.itiKiui B.iiHJiKHfl, 3arpy-
jKaewoii ropiiaoHTgJibHOft
He B tn\
! jyinaa Timlin B IHJHTHH ,
^
narpy 3Koii , n m/ M no OLU.ee Rjitim
ripn oH< eHHio 9.
HO He
npcwieia B M . *
^ i
123, HopMUTiiBHaa ropH3oHTaju>Han noiiepcmasi Harpy3na OT

ysapoB
noftBH /Ktioro coctasa >KeJie3iiMX aBTOMoSajibHofi Harpy3K «

al
Sopor c oftiioro nyrn npHHiiMaeT- npHHHMaercfl B Biifte nonepemtofi
cn B BKfte paynoMepHo paenpe
ftejieHHoft Harpy3 Kii S , npn.no
-- ropiioun ri .Tbiioii narpy 3Kii HHTCH
ciiBHocTbio 0, 4 m / M npH
-
Bepm -
weimofi B ypoBiie Bepxa TOJIOBKH KaabHoi'i Harpy3 KeH -3u II 0 ,2 mhi
peJitca , ii onpefleJiflercH B IH / M npii H - 10 , BeaaBHCHMo OT micyia
no (Jjopwyjie nOiioc ftBHHceHiiJi ;
5 = 0 , 06 K, 6) rycemiinofi HJTII wwiecHoft
Me K KUJTCC HopM3T HBHOH Bpe - narpy3 Kii npiiHiiMaeTCS a uiifte
Meimoft BepTmajibHon Ha- nonepeHHofl coc peftoTOxeinioi; CH*
jibi 5 m npn HK - S0 n 4 m npa
rpy3KH OT no BJOKMoro
cocraBa . ^ Hr - eo .
T op ]J30HTaî>na^ nonepe^Haa
RarpyBM OT y apoa uo BHiKHtax
^
KarpysoK c 4 HTaerJi:H up HJIOJKCH' ^
noil K Bfcpxy MaciTi HJIH
K COpTOBOMy K3MHIO (fiop iopy) .
^
.
124 HopMaTHBuafl ropHsoHTajihHafl npo
^ ojibHaji Harpy3ita OT Top-
MosteHHn min ciuiy Turn npiiHHMaeTCH
37
fyiJT JKeJieSHOJIOpOJKHblX MOCTOB
B uii/ie paBHOMepno pacnpyae/ieii
— -| ^ aBTOMOfilMbHUX II ropOflCKIIX
JTJI
MOCTOB C KaiK ofi nojiocbi Bt-oKe -
noil Harpy3KH ta , npiLioêHHOH HUH B ^
oflHOM HanpauaeHiiH ^ — B
na BMcore 2 M OT ro/iOBKii pejibca
.
II aeiicTByiomeii B moGyio CTopoHy
Bnzie cocpe oTonennoii
^ -
JioxveHHoff B ypoBHe Bcpxa noJior-
CHJIW , npir
B,HOJIE> nyni . Ha npoe3>Koft 4acrn M paBnoii O. O /5;

Bejiimnna yK a 3aHHo0
KH npuHMMaeTCJi paBiion 10 %
narpya -
. 0 ,6 P H 0 ,9P npn jyiiiiiax 3arpy
>Keii Hfi COOTRBTCTBtBITO /IP 25 M ,
-
- Coulee 25 ,;o 50 M II OoJtee 50 M ,
Beca riopMaTiiBiioi! BpeMeHiioii nep
Tinia.nbiioii narpy3Kii no npiuiojKe-
Mino 9. MOGIMTH B xoaoHHe ;
Harpy 3 Ka OT TopMOHreniifl nan I iipn MHOronojiocnoM pBioKeinni a
^ —
r e P Bee yi/uKO/iemioro asio-
CHJIM Tarn y 4 iiTbreaeTCH : B yny X - O HOM iirmnaiueHHn Harpysita OT

iiyrnBix Mocrax —
c oanoro nym , TopMOJKeHiia npiiHHMaeTca co Bcex ^
a n MOOTSX c Tpewa n oonee nyis - no/ioc.
MU — c ARyx nyrefl.
OT Bpc .MeiinoH no RioKnoii Harpy3 Kii , pacncuiO/KenHoii B ripe&ejiax
^
npimihi oOpymeHiifl , yKa 3 anHaa Harpyana He yaifTbiBaeTCH .
ropii30HTajiBHoe npoaojibiioe yciuine or TopMOJ*eiuifl IIJIII CHJIH Tarn
nepeAaeTca aepe3 HenoflBHJKHbie onopubie MH / TM OSJIOHHHX MOCTOB
IIJIII onopy pacnopribix MOCTOB , pacnpeadiaacb Me>K/iy HerioABH /KHMMii
onopriMMH aacTHMH iiopoBiiy , ropii30 HTaaunoe npoyo.ix 'iop yen.fine,
nepe aiomeeca vepea no/iBinKiibie oriopiibic aacrw , HesaBiiciiMO OT rtepe
^na HenojaiiJKHbie onopHbie uacTii , npiiHHMaeTca ycaoRHO:
-
âair
a) npir CKonb3Hiu.iix onopiibix uaciax u paanepe 50 — % noanoro
rrpo/tojibHoro yciiana ;
u ) NPH KaTKOBbix , Ba /iKOBux ii ceKtopHbix onopiibix 4 aciax
R pa 3Mepe 25% nojmoro npo ojlbHoro yciuma , HO lie Gojiee ciuibi
TpeHiia no n . 133; ^
—
B} cnyaae nodanoBKH Ma oiiope Byx pa3HonMeHHbix onopHbix aa-
^
CTeii ( ii ('i; i'.i: >KHoii ir Her:o,/ HH >KFoiri npofloabHoe yciurire, nepej; aioii;eecH
iia onopy , npiiHHMaeTca pamiNM cyMMe npo o/ibiibix yciuiiifi , nepe a
BaeMbix 4epe3 ottopHbieaacTiioooux O'C/KOHIX c p nopnii cpojieTQR. Yua ^ ^ --
aanHaa cyvnwa npiiHHMaeTca HC ooJiee, neM npo onbHoe ycn /ine, pas
Hoe liepe aBaewoMy c Go.ibiuera nan c o Horo H3 pasHbix ripojieTOB , ^ -
^
B cjiyaae eejin 6BI BTO upoaeTHoe cTpoeHne HH paccMaTpiiBaeMoii onope ^
dbiao ycTflBOBaeHo Ha nenop.BHXiHbix onopHbix H /ICTUX.
np B si mi e ,
e H a
XLouycK eTcsi He ytuiTfcnaaTt BepTUK Jittioe jT,an
^ ^ -
JieHUC H MOMellT OT HCpeHOCa Harpy -iKH OT TopMO eHlifl IIJIII CII I H T f l H i 113
T 04 KH ee
npi%rio eHitn B ypoBeHii;
^
^ -
a ) ueiiTpa o n o p i i b i x iacTeii npH pac'iete on op MOCTOB ;
G ) no ouiBbi peuibcoB non pao40Te VCTOOB;
B) oen^ pjrirtMfl paMbi — npn pac ê T e paMHwx KOHCTnyKUHii .
125, HopniaTKiuiasi Bpewetmaa eepTHKaabHaa Harpj 3KaTpoTyapoa
H ueuiexOAHbix MOCTOB npHHiiMaeTCfi B « /.ir:
r.rrn iieinexoanbix MOCTOB H yjn TpoTyapoB npo mx MOCTOB 400; -
JI,7 JI TporyapoB >KEJIESHO OPQ>KHBIX MOCTOB C ycipoiicTBOM nym
na Oa.T.nacTe 1 0UU . ^
36
Xlns cjiyatefinbix tporyapoB | HopMaTHUHaB Harpy3Ka Ha Tpo -
?KEJJE3iu
saHHbie
:
\ CPOXXJILJX
Harpy ?
MOCTOB
yyHTWBaioTCJi
yxa - ryapax ^
aBipflopo fiJux JJ ropoji
CKHX MOCTOB lie ymiTkiBaercfl oflHo
--
npH fleficTBHH TO.TbKO HOC TO 1 H Hh .X / BpeMeHHO C HOpMaTIIBHOH K0J16C -
narpy30 K H He yBUTbieaioTca B noii H ryceHHHHOH Harpy3KaMH
pacnerax ocTajibHtix MCMCHTOA HK-80 ii Hr -6U.
npojieThbix CTpoeHiift .
PacaeTHtrc cocpe/iOTcfleHHHe aBêHira , ymiTbiBaeMbie npn oTcyT
CTBIIH flpyrux uarpy30 K npiiHHMaiOTCH 6 KiuiorpaMMax:
(
^ *
а ) BepTiiKajibHoe MB Hacnuia TpoTyapoB 180;

.
б) BepTiiKaJibHoe ii rop ( i30 HTaj7 L iioe flan nopyHiiefi nepHJi
. . 130.
it 26 fl HHaimiHCCKMH KOBtJitjnmMem (1 + p.) narpy30 K OT no Biractio
ro cocTaaa a;e.ue3HbL\ ,iopor u or KOJJOHH aBTOMoGiuieii npiiHHMaercH ^ -
paBHbiM:
.
J iJjia upeMeuiiofi BepTiiKaabHOH narpysinr :
a ) flJIH BJieMCHTOB C'Trl.TbHLIX , B TOM HHCJle OOne/ JiHeHIILlX C JKCJIC30-
(SeTOHHOfl HJIIITOH , npo.ne'rabix crpoeHini H a JIB CTaJibHbix onop
JKeJie3Ho opoaaibix MOCTOB Bcex
^
ciicTeM He3aBiiciiMO OT pOM e3 -
aBTOflOpOJKHblX H TOpOflCKIIX MOC
TOB BCeX CHCTeM , Kpowe niiJlOHOB
-
flbl H rjiaBiibix (JiepM BHCBHHX MOCTOB,
18 15
1+P= I + 30 + A ’ 1 4- pt = 1 +
37,5 + A. ’
HO HO MeHee 1 , 20 npn pacaexe Ha nnaBHbix $epM II niuiOHOB BHCHHHX
npowocTb H He MeHee 1 , 10 ripu MOCTOB
pacqeTe na BbiHocjiiiBocTb;
50
1+p=1+
70 + A ’
6) MB JKejie3 o6eroHHbix fiajiOMbix npoBerabix crpoeHtiH H paMHWX
KOHCTpyidlHli ( B TOM HHCJie CKB03 HB1 X HliMpOHHblX C ipoeilHii ) , MB >KC,ie
3o6eT 0 HHbIX CKB03HBIX OIlOp H 3 BeHbeB Tpy6
-
na BceJie3 Hbix floporax npn MHIIH
MajibHoii TOJimiiHe SajuiacTa 0 , 25 M
- Ha aBTOMoSiuibiibix EI
ropoflCKiix
floporax npn orcyTCTBim 3acbinKii:
(CHHTaB OT iiocrejiH mnajibi )
npn A <; 5 .w 1 + p 1 ,3;
10
1 +p= 1 + 20 + A ’ >
II pH A ! 45 M 1 + p = 1 , 0 ;
npn 5 <+ 45 Ji!
HO He Menee 1, 15 rpn pacneie Ha 1 + p no HHTepnojiamiH .
npoHiiocTb H He Meiiee 1.10 npn
pacnere HH BbiHocMmocTb;
npn TOJimiiHe Sajuiacia dojiee
0 , 25 JH , HO MeHee 1 ,0 M 3HaHeHna
AHHaMIlHeCKHX K03(ficj:imPiebTOB
onpe no
Me:-K/^
ejiHioTca iiHrepnoJismiiH
iysuanemomii no uynKTuM
«6» H CB»;
39
B) ,1 TH JKeJie306 eTOHHH\', !l (?TOHHbIX H KBMeHHblX fipOHHHX npoAeT -
sihrx crpoeHHir co CIMOUTHBIM US CBO EHM :)eH ! iehi , gjia MacciiBHb/x
crp
onop ii rpyo
, ocnoBaimfi n ^ ^
ynjiaMeiiToii , a npii TCTIHJIKC GajiJiacTfl
^
c sacbinKofi ne MeHee 1,0 M y >KCJIEUH OAO POIKH bi X MOCTOB II Tpyfi II ne
MeHee 0 , 5 M y aBTo opoJKHux II ropoACKiix MOCTOB II TaKiKe TpyS
^^
jyisi 3jieMemoB , ncpe HCJieaiiBrx B IT. *5 V , -
1 +- ll 1,0;
r) X^ta apox n CBOAOB mieiime pacnopHbix aponiibix >KeJie3o6 eTOH -
Hiix upo eTHbix cipoeHiiii co CKBOSHOM Ha;;apoimoii KOHCTpyimneii :
^
j«e.ne3HOflopo>Kiibix MOCTOB
aBTOAOPO/KHbIX IE ropoaCKIIX MO-
15 0 ,4 ! CTOB
\ = \ - - v l + :
npii ’K 20 M 1 + P 1,2;
>^
J 0Q +- A
W f CTpe na apKii; . npn % 70 .ii 1 + p, = 1 ,0;
70 M
( (re nponeT ; npii 20 <' h
1 - h p no KHTepnojnimiii;
-
A) A aa AepeBHHntix KOHcTpyicunii:
>Keae3HOAOpO}KHbIX MOCTOB aBTOAopoatHbix ii ropoACKKX
AAfI cenCHHH SAeMCHTOB 1 -j- MOCTOB 1 - p. = 1 ,0 . 4
—
+ p 1, E;
AAJi conpjiiKeHHH l + p = l j 2.
2. HAH BpeMeanbix ropn 30HTaAbHLix HarpysoK ii AJin AaBJieiniH

rpynTa OT BpeweaHoit bepTuxaubHou narpyaK.ii
1 -1 p = 1,0.
B xp'ixc/icintrxx 3brine rjiopMyAax BLVIIIXIIHI A (B M ) upKiriiMaeicn:
а ) AAJI 3.1CM 6 HT0 B npoe2 >Kcii nacm , aneMeiiTOB , padoTaiouiiix TOAb
Ha MecTiiyio narpy 3 Ky , ii AAH BACMeiiToii onop
-
-
.Ko paBHOH AAMHe
r
3cirpyJKeffii / AHHIIH umamm
cooTBeTCTByioinero ycii nia ( nanpHiKeiinfl ),
onpeAeAHCMoii KaK cyMMa AAHH 3arpy>KaeMbix yoacTHOB;
flim >XEA en HOAO PO >KHBI X MOCTOB
BCAHHIIHa A ( B KOTOpyiO BKAfO <ia-
ercH TaxiKe Amnia HeaarpyiKaeMo
ro pa 3AeAH!Oiil,ero yqacTKa mioro
-
3Ha «a ) nfnimiMaeTcn He wei-iee 3 JI ,
a AAH pacneTa nAiiTbi daAAacrHoro
KopbiTa ( nonepex uyTn )
HO paBHOH IiyAJO.
—
ycAOB-
-
б) A IH ocHOBHbix 3ACMeHTQB rAaBHbix (JiepM (GaAOK , apoK , pan)
paBHOH AAHHe HpOAeTa HAH flAHHe 3arpyaceHHH AIIHHH HAHHHHH , ecAii
3'ra AAima GoAbUie BeAitimHbi npoAeTa .
—
n p H Me i a H ii n . 1 , OT IIOABJIIKHUX BpeMeuHtix Harpyion HK.-S0 n
Iir oG, a TIK ;-i;e GOABiiHtHbix HarpyaoK fl.'is Tporyapou u neiuexoAHtsx
MOCTOB npHiuuiaeTCS 1 -p ( t =.- 1 , 0.
. -
2 B corn cmfiHHhix MOcTax Harpy3KH npiiHHMaiOTCH co CBOHMH umiawH -
‘iecKHMii KOj'por. u.;iei; iaMii .
40
127. Koa neperpy 3KH
noABHHCHbix speMeHHwx narpy -
3OK ii ^^ HUHeHT
—
HX BO3AeftcTBiiii , npnaeAeHHbix B nr . 116 125 , npnHii .vKie'JOH .
1 ) npn ocHOBHbix coneTaHnax Harpy30K:
a) OT >Kejje3HO,aopoiKHoro nofl *
a) OT KOJIOHH aBTOMOfiHJief ]
BKiKHoro
n 1 , 50 US
coctaBa p.n H MOCTOB
1 , 10
6) OT
—
n 1, 4;
KOJiecHbix n rycemiwHbix
npn X
rAe X
0
—
50
AJiUHa
> 150,
3arpy eHHa JIH -
® Harpy3ox
HHB H, ]JIHHFJ « , ONPCAC .7noax n.
-5; CM « = 1 ,1;
126, 3a BbineTOM AJiiiHbi yiacTKOB ,
sarpystaeMbix i:opo>KKiiM noABnjK -
HbiM cocrasoM.
npoMejKyTOiHbie 3HaneHiis n
onpeAejiHHjTcn iiHTepnonnmiCH ;
Ann Tpvo ycnOEHO X = 0 ;
6) OT nopoiKHero noABH /Kiioro
cocTasa n = 1 ,0;
B) or uarpy 30 K Tporyapoa ( KQOMG CAyweGnbix ) H n&nexo&Hhix
MOCTOB ti = 1 , 4 ; AAH cny /KeSHbix Tporyapoo n riepmi n = 1 , 1 ;
2) npn flonojiHHTenbHbix coneTamiax Harpy 30K 0,8 tv,
3) npn OCOSHX coBeTaminx narpy30 K 0 , 7 n . — —
npnMeqa H H npn
onpe e.ieHBH pacneTHtix HarpyaoK OT .caune
e.
^ -
HHa rpyHTa OT BpeMeHHofi BepnntajibHOH HarpysKH ;K> ji > KHti iipMHHMaTbCff
pacvexH e y /vitJ EHyTpeHHero Tpetfus no yKasatniSM a , 115 *
^
4. nPOHHE BPEMEHHblE HArPy 3KH H B03flEflCTBHH
128. HopMaTHBHaa ropnaoBTajibnaa nonepeman BeTposafl narpv 3Ka

npHHiiMaerca cJieayiomeH iiHTeHciiBHocTii Ha pacneTayio BeipoByio
noaepxHOCTb:
а) npn HaniiniiH aa Mocry IIOABHJKHOS BepTHkanbHofi Harpy3 Kn:
Aflfl >KeAe3 Hbix Aopor —
Aopor
-
100 /M/JH 8 ; j A 113 aBTOMoQHJitHux H ropoAcitax
50 rca / jir; —
б) npu oTcyTCTBmi Ha MocTy noABH >KHofl BepTifKaAbHoli Harpy3-
KH 180 KS / M* ,
AAH AepeBHHHbiX aBTOAOpOJKHHX
H ropoACKiix MOCTOB 80 KS / M *\
50
B) npn ocoSbix coieiaHHEX Harpy30 K (B TOM nucjie npn MO H Taxes)
K i / M 55 .
—
Pacneraaa BeTpoBaa noBepxHOCTb:
1) AAH KOHCTpyKmifi coopyncemia npuHHMaeTcn no npoeKTHbiM KOH-
TypaM , T. e. no njiomaAii npoeKU,HH aacTefi coopyjKemrn na BepniKaAb-
Hyio nnocKocTb , nepneHAiiKyAflpnyio nanpaBAeinno seipa , co cne
AyromHMM K03{ )nniieHTaMu;
-
JxJ
2B 3aK . 124 41
fljis CKBOSHLix oajio'iHWx (fepw:
npn Asyx epMax $ 0 , 4; —
fljia
npH Tpex n
njiomajn CKBOBHLIX
fiojiee pepMax
(
aponHtix
—cjiepM0 5:
,
Meatfly ncuieaMii n jyia
CKB 03 HMX onojl 0 ,5:
AJIH njiomaflH apo^ Hbix $epM MOK/ IY HHJKHHM non COM H 3 aTHiKKofi
HJIH Me /Kfly BepXHIlM n051COM H IipOfo/ OM , a Taxme AJIH CKB03HbIX
Haftapo^Hbix CTpocHiifi 0 ,2 ;
flJIJI CnjIOUIHblX IlpOJleTHbJX CTpoeHIlfi , cnjlOIHHblX II AepeBHHHbIX.
onop , a TaKxce fljia aJieMemoB npoe3>f< eii HSCTH 1 ,0;
,y,ia nepiui 0 , 3-0 , 8;
2 ) AJIH xteneaHoflopoxcHoro i:cy - HUH KOJIOIJTI aBTOMoCimefi it
BHJKHoro cocraRa npumiMaeTCH B Apyrnx TpaHcnopTBbix e,aHHiiu, —
Biifle CEUIOIHHOH noaocu BbicoTofi ne ynutbiBaeTca .
3 M C UCHTpOM flaJVieHHH Ha Bbl-
coTe 2 M OT rojioBKii peJibca .
PacnpeAejieHiie BeTpoBoft narpy3 KH no flJiHHe npojieTa AonycKaeicn
npHHiiMarb paBHOMepHbiM.
n p ii M e q a a.
I . PacHCTuaa BeTpouas noBepxnocTb npoesateS
K H
*jacT!i npHHiiMaeTcsi paBHoit ee no.niioii fioicoBoij noBepxnocTH ,
2 . feeTpoaan Harpyaxa no nyinrty cCi » He ymiTbiBacTCJi cxxHOBpeMeHHO
c narpy 3 naMn .lenoBoft H OT iiaoajia cy.NOB .
3 . B BtTpoBux narpy 3 Kax yqrcH aipojmiaMHHecKHft KC>3| ( ) nuiieHT 1 , 4 ,
$
129. HopMaTHBHasf npoyo/ibHasi ropH30 HTa ,nbnaa BeTpoBaa Harpyxxa
.
na CKBO3HL I 0 npoueTiibie cxpoeHna npuHHMaeTCH B pa3Mepe 60 % noii -
Hoii HopMauiBiioH iionepenHoft BeTpoBoft Harpy3 KH , fleficTByioiiieH
Ha rjiaBHbie ( jjepMM.
OpOAO.ibHaH ropii30 HTajibHaH BeTpoBan Harpy3Ka na onopbi Bbirne
ypOBHH rpyHTa IIJIH Mencemi npumiMaeTCH TOH >KC HHTSHCIIBHOCTH -
Ha 1 Jit2 cooTBeTCTRyioiHen pacneTHou BeTpoBoft noBepXHOCTH , HTO H -
nonepe'iHaH aerpoBax Harpy3 KS .
ropii 30 HTajibHoe yciLine OT npoflOJibHofi BeTpoBoftHarpy3 KH , fleft -
CTByiomeii Ha npojieTiioe cTpoenne , npiiHHMaeicn nepe,n,aiomnMca
Ha onopbi TaKHM xte o5pa30 M , KaK n ropM 30 HTajibHoe npoflolibHoe ycn -
.
Jlne OT TOpMOHieHliH HJIH CII IBI THTH (CM . n . 124) .
n p ii M e i a a n e .
npOAO/ibHas BerpoBasi Harpy 3 Ka Ha cnjiouiHHe
npojTBTFfbre cTpocHita , npnF 3 :Ky:-o qacTt, ii fra nojBrfjKHOii cocras He yaHrtr
BaeTCfi .
-
130. HopMaTHBHafl
onopu
AeflOBan Harpy3Ka OT AaMOHHH Jihjia Ha
MOCTOB npHHHMaeTCH B BHfle ciiji , onpefle/ineMbix corjiacno npn
. -,
jio'/KeHino 12, B 3aBHCHMocin OT onepTaHHH onopbi B ii 'iane
yMOBHH JieAOxofla n pafioHa pacnojiojKeHna coopyateHHa.
131. HopMaTHBHafl Harpy3Ka OT HSBaaa cyflOB Ha onopbi MOCTOB
n npo
^ njie
npnfntMacTCfl no Tawi . 11 B 3annciiMocTH OT cyfloxqgHoro tfjiacca

BiiyTpeHHero Boflnoro nym ,
42
T a 5 JI !i u a U
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Mewee 300 .
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TeLabCTBe MapKii Geioira no nponnocTH Ha C /KSTHG s i s.TMioTCfl CeioHHbie
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p HOpMa bHbix ycnoBH 3X ( no TOCT 6901
3, npn ^
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KO HCTpyKI HH .
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^
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. -
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flo 40 MM H3
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KH BCT, 5 no TOCT 5781 61 H FOCT 380 60) ; —
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A- III
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pa 3ae. HOM IV , ^
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(MTenytomne BH M HanpsraeMofi apMaTvpn :
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no TOCT 734S— 55;
cTa,nbHaH Kpyrjrafl
^
6 ) KanaiKaH npoeojioKa cseraafl (Mapnir I IT II ) no TOCT 7372— 55;
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^ -
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r) crajibHbre
no TOCT 8480 57 ;
KaHaTbi n Tpocbi ;
—
p) npoBojroKa BbicoKonpoHHaa HH 3 KooTnymeHHa5? ;
48
e) npo iiJia H 3 HH 3KOJiernpoRaHHOH Map -
trrepJKHii
KJiacca A- IV ^
nepno
^mecKoro
TenoBCKofi rop qcKaTPHOH ciajui no TOCT 5781 — 61 H TOCT 5058 — 57:
AnaMerpoM AO 32 MM II KAacca A -1 I 1 ( rajibKO AAH ajie-
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i
H 35F C) Cjie yeT pyKOBOJJCTBOBaTbCJI COOTBeTCTByiOIUlIMIJ CJieUiiaJIbHbIMH

K X H f w e C K ffjffu ^ytiasenHSMB.
146. HeHaq-paraeMaa apiuaTypa AJIH >Ke.rc ?3o6eTOHiitJx KOHCTDVKunn
SOJiHcna B oTHoiueHHii Mexammeci-ciix xapaKTepiicTHK y OBjidBoparb
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а) npeAeJi TeKyaecTH flOJUKen obiTb He xtenee BejnmHH: MJI ivia noft
apMarypbi H3 cTajni Kjiacca A-1 (MapKH BCT. 3) — 2 400 KS!CM 2 , AJIH ^
ropHHeKaiaHoii apMaTypH nepnoflii'iecKoro npoijmjia H3 ciaJiH Kjiacca
A- II (MapKH BCT. 5) — 3 000 KS!CM \ -
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B) oTHOCHTejitHoe yHJimjeHiie npif pa 3pbiBe soJiojyjoTflHyxofi npo-
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159. PacnetHbie conpoTiiB/iemui Ha pacia /KeHne HeHanpHraeiwofi

apMaTypbi npH pacaerax Ha BbiHocjiHBocTb npit aMn.nRTyfleuHKJia Hanpa -
ateHHfi p
— 0 ncuraiHu npimimsjbca no ra6 ji , 23.
65
T 3 (5 JT H Ea 23
PacqeTHue conpoTHBjeHHfl pactsihiyTofi neHarrpflraeMofi apMafypu
Ha BHHocJiHBocTb & KejcM * npu p = 0
i BHA apMaiypbi t*
ropfl êKaTaKaii Kpyrvja * , nojiocoBafl npoKaT

BCT 3
EI 3 CTa llI MapKH
^ i 650
-
* 1 r * 1 1 1
* 1 I i 1
4 » i P
ropHMBKaTaflaJT nepHo imecKoro npotjiimjj cra wap -

. . ,^
if 3 in
KH BCT . 5 , . \ 7W
To }Ke H 3 CTaJlIf MapKH r
25 2C* 1 800
* B KOHCTpyKUHiax
* paccqartlBaeMbJx Ha BWHOC HBOCTL , npiiMe* ^
fiernrc crajin MapKH 35rC He flonycKaercu .
pacneimix conpoTjiBjieHim no Ta 6jr . 23 ornocnTCH K pa*

cTHnyToii apMaiypo 6 en csapHbTx CTBIKOB , a TSKJKG C KOHJ ^ KTHOU caapKoft
B CTMK MeTOAOM oTuraBoTCHHH * Meexo CTHKa # OJI >KHO dbiTb oCpaSoTano
npo MexaHHwecKOir 3amicTKofi santwiimo c nosepxHocTbio
ojibHofi
^
apMaTypbi 6e3 pefiep /Lra apMaTypbi co CBapHkiMii cibiKaivrir apyroro
,
THna pacêTHbie
conpoTUBjremiJi npiiiiUMaiOTea no yxaaaHTiJiM n * 16 L
160 + Pipit aMruiuxy &e mn& jia HanpHHvemtii sejumuubi pacneT
nbix conpoTiiajieHHH pacTHHyToft apMaTypbi B pacnerax na BbiHocjiH *
-
BoCTb He3aBHCiiMo OT MapKii cia iH jiQtt'AiHH npimiiMaibcfl noTafiji . 23,
^ *
c yMHcnKeHiieM iix Ha KoscjxjnmiieHTti y, no Tafi .’i . 24 , T. e. Ra
PacêTHbieconpoTHHJieHiia pacTJinyioii apMatypw Ha Pbinoc .rin -
BOCTE, C yqeTOM KOS .
^
HUHCHTOR fa no i z & Ji 24 ( B cooTBeTCTHyiuiniiX
cjiyqaHX Taione H C y.wno/KeHHeM na Kos t mnreHT no Tadji . 25) He
AOJDKHM npeBbimaTb pacneTHbix conpoTHB.'ieHinl apMarypbi Ha npoq * ^^ rac
HoCTb no Tafia . 15.
T a 6 .1 H u a 24
Kt>94' »mBeHT bi 7a »JIB onpe^Mtmisi

^ patmaoro tonptmiBJieHiija
'
Ha BbiHocaHBOCTb pacTnHyxoii apMaxypw npu p 0
P .. -1.0 0.5 — 0, 2 0,1 0,1 0, 2 0, 3 0,4 0, 5 0 ,6
Ta * .. 0, 6 0 , 75 0,9 0 , 95 1 , 05 1 ,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1 ,5
npoMeaiyTOHHbie 3HaneHHH Ta onpeflejunoTca no nHTepnojiswra .

161 . npu cuapKe cTepiKHefi pacTHnyToii HenanpflraeMon apMaxypbi
min npHsapne K HUM pyrnx cTepncHeft K OCHOBHHM pacnembiM co-
^
npoTHBJieHHHM apMaTypbi Ha BbrnocniiBocTb Ra > noMemeHHbiM B Tadji . 23,
a npu p ~/r 0 K BejniHHHaM ya Ra (non 160 j HOJITKHEJ BBOflUTben #0 . . -
noJiHHTejibHLie K09( jxf )nunenTbi yac cmuKenirn pacneTiioro conpoTiiB-
jicnna na BtJHOcjmBocTb. Koa nujicHru Yac ao.aacHbi npHHHfciaTbta
B 3aBiICHM0 CTH OT TIHia CBSpHOrO COe llHeHliH 110 TaOJI
56
^
25.
^ .
T a 6 .n u ua 25
K <>9 (f ) (fHlllueHTbI 7ac ftJHf
pfiSJUmBblX TH HOB C & apFfbIX
COeAMHtHllft apMaTypbl
Tttti ^ DitpJJOro cocunHCHEia

BCT , 3 BGT . 5 OF P
CeapKn Koi- tTa KTHHEM cnocoGoM ( 6cs 3a [ fiicTKlf )

-
H TTH BatJiibiM CIIGCOCOM Ha yAJiHHetjfibLx no.Jl -
- ^
h fla Kax
CnapKa Ha napnbix na -
0, 9 0, S 0 , 75
BaaiiMOCMeiu HHbix^ 0, 8 0,7 0 65
^
K aaicax
KoHTafmiafl Toiiei fian CEiapita iiepeitpemiinaio-
]
t
muxca ciepjKneH apwaiypbf H iipiiaapKa

Apynix urepMeft * U , 75 0, 6
* B STIIX cjiy îanx CB pita He onycKaeTcsi ,

^ ^
162, IlanpnraeMan apMaTvpa 113 Kpyrjrofl yiviepOAiiCTOft XOJIOAHO
'THHyTOH npOBOJIOKIf , BblCOKOnpO HOH HIlSKOOTnyilieFTIIofl npOBO.' VJKH
-
^
eeMHnponoJiomibix cTajibHbix npflfleii paccniiTbiBaeTcn Ha BBIHOC HBOCTH
If
npn ^ pan
0 ,85, npii 5TOM pac ^ OTFibieconpOTHB eHiiH npinniMaiOTCfl -
ribiiViii :
^
npn 0 ,85 ]> p > 0 , 80 0 , 55 R* ;
> >
npn 0 , 80 p 0 , 75 — 0 , 50 i?" ,
r e /?" nopMaTHBHoe conpoTKEjieHiie apMaiypbi ( npiuiOyKemie 3),
^ >
ripir p - 0 ,85 npoH 3 Bo HTCH packer mabKo na npoMiiocm
^
PacqeT na BbiHotuinBocTb apMaxypni Apyrnx MapoK ( B TOM niiejie H 3
KanaTOB II ciajin Tima 30 XT2Q npoH3BOAHTcn B cooTseTCTBim co cne
UiiajibHbiMrt lexHiiBOCKiiMii yKa3 aHiuiMii no npnMeiieHHiG 3T i i x CTaJieil ,
-
PACMETbl
G . OCHOBHblE nOJIO )KEHHfl
163 , KoHCTpyKUHii MOCTOB n TpyO 113 oobimioro IT npe BapHtejibHO
nanpa >KeHHoro }Kejit 3O 0 eTOHa paccninbiBaioioa no BceM TpeM npc ejib- ^
HbIM COCTOHHHflM . ^
PacneT no nepBOMv npeA^nbnoMy COCTOHHIIIO npoH 3 BoAiTTCfl :
na nponHOCTb ii ycioftmiBocib R craAnn sKcruiyaiamni , npn MOirrante
H TpaHcnopTiipoBaHHn ;
na BHHOCjmBoCTb noA AencTBiicM MHofoKpamo noBTopHtoinencn
BpoMeimon BepuiKaAbHon narpy 3 KH ( ATIH n< eAe3 HOAoponaibix MOCTOB ) ,
Pacnerbi no nepBOMy npeAOJibHOMy cocTonnmo ria nponHocTboxBa
TbieaiGT COSCTBCHHO packet Ha nponHOCTb ( ycxoiRiiBocTb ) , pacneT no
-
iviaBHhnvi HaiipHiKeriHSM II na CKaAbraaHne. PacneTbi npon 3 BoAflTCfl no
pacneTRHM COTipOTHBACHHHM , IipHBeAeHHblM B HaCTOflll eM pa3AeJie .
PacqeT no TpexbeiViy npeflejibHOMy COCTOHHIHO Ha TpemnnocTOfiKOCTb ^
np0 H 3B0AHTC5i :
57
AJifl KOHC'tpyKUHH MOCTOB ii rpyS U3 npe EapirrejrbHO HanpFraceHno-
.
ro >Ke ie30i3eToria Ha CTGHKocTb upoTim o 6 p 330 Bamifl nonepeUHUx n ^
UpO&QJlbRbLX TptrUUIH O COGTB £ TCTBy 10 HU IX CTaAHHX a jyiH KOHCTpyK -
*
Uiifl H3 oSbiquoro >K?jiedoCeTOHa Ha pacKpWTiie Tpemini .
n
M e a H B e * Pac eTOM Ha CTGHKocTb npoTiie o paaopaHHfl
p u ^ ^ ^
ttpo/ioJibHHX Tpem, HH ysumaaeTCfl cpeAHjifl rpamma oCpa3GBaHna iwtiKpo
TpeiUBH B CiKaiOM GeTtiHe . -
164 * Packer no nepsoMy npe Pacqe? KOHCTPYKIUTH aBTQ o-
ejibHOMy cocTQsiHiito TpyooSeTOip
*
pojKHbix MOCTOB no nepBoMy npe*

^
^Hbix onopHbix yacTefi
sjieMeuroB, e^ bHOMy C0CT051 HKI0 npOII 3BO IIT-
H HiapHIIpOB >K CJIC3H OJ O p O /K H bIX ^Cfl TOJlbKO Ha npOlIHOCTb (yCTOHHIi
^ -
MOCTOB npOH 3 BOAIITCH TOJIbKO H 3 ^ BocTbh Pacnei na Bbi no CJIH BOOTH
npo îHocTb Packer na * BbiHooim - He npOH 3 BOHHTCfl *
BOCTb yKa 3 aHHbIX OJICMCHTOB He
IipOH 3BOAHTCH .
PacneT
KOCBIX cc emiS 113 m -
^
SaeMhTx , Biieu HTpeuHo pacrflHy - ^
TbJX II BHeUeHTpeHHO CJKaTbIX
^MeHTOB HaCHJlOBOB B03
jieMeHTOB , a TaxjKe juoobix
efiCTBTie OT
npe BapiircjibHo ^
HsnpsriKeHHoft
^
apMaTypbi H Ha Mecriioe c aine
^
npOH 3BO IITC5l TOJ1 b KO H 3 UpO'i
^ -
.
HOCTb PaC eT Ha BblHGCJIIIftOCTb B
^
yK 33aHHbix cjiynaax ne npoii3BO -
AHTCH -
Packer
ira npomiocrb BbiqiiCJieHiieM HanpH /Keimfi no opMyjiaw
conpoTHBjieHiin ynpynix Marepna TOB ( CM * n . 167) BLOTCH BO ecex
no HopxvaTHBHWM NARPYBKBM { Z y exoM nnaMn eeKoro
- ^
. ^ ^ ^
^
Kosc niuieiiTa )
165, Pac eibi KOHcrpyKiurfi Bcex MOCTOB Ha npon HOCTB OT
^
HEFICTBHH rjiaBHbix Hanpn >KeHiiii H Ha cxa biBaHiie npn ii3 ni6e, a THK -
(
JKe paCHCTbl KOIICTpyKIXHH XveJieaiJO OpoHlHblX MOCTOB Ha BbiHOeJlMBOCTb

^
npoH 3BOAHTcn Ha HopMauiBHbie Harpy3 Kn ( c yqeTOM HHaMiinecKoro ^
KosfjxpimiieHTa ) *
^
166, Paccori! ? Ha npoHHOCTb , KpoMe pacneTOB no rviaBHhiM a CKajibi -
MIOIHJIM Hanp ?i >KeHH 5iM npn H 3 ni6e, npoii 3 HOOTCH no cjiopMyjiaM,
ai- jajioni 4 HHM t opMyjiaM Teopim paBpymaiomnx Harpy30 K , c npfl -
. ^
Moyro XbHOH 9 niopofi HanpnjKeHnfi B oeione OK a TO ft 30 Hbi ,
167 , PacneThi Ha CKajibiRaane, Ha TpeiujiHOCTofiKOCTb , Ha npo^
HOCTb no
njioma KaM eficTBirfl rjiaBi-ibix Haiip & jKemui * a raione pac .
^ ^
qeTbi Ha BUHOC HBOCTB npoH 3 BOZiHTCH BbiHucJieHiieM Hanpsi >KeHiifi no
-
. ^
( )opMy naM conpornB ieHnn ynpynix Maiepna oB c npm-ifmieM me -
f ^ ^
yrojibHOii smopbi HanpH eniiH oeTona c Kaioii BOHLI W nmoTeiM IUIOC
^
KHX ceneniifl * npiiBe niibie MOMeHra miepiinn onpe/ieJiH *oTes Ge3
^ -
yqcia pacTflHyTOH aoHbi , ecjm B neft flonycKaercn ^ pacKphime
'i
pcmHH *
58
168. nptf pacqeTe Ha TpemiiHocTonKocTb B cia HH SKcnJiyaTaumi
npeiiriapiiie/TBHo Hanp eHHhix gjieMeiiTOB * apiuiipoBaHiibix
^^
^
npono-
JI 04 HUH apMaTVpofl , ne AonycKaiOTen HopMa /rtnibie pacrjirnBaEomue
HafipflyKCHUfl 8 30 He npe BapHTejibiio oovKaToro QeioHa , paooraioLiiero
^
OT BrieuiHJix HarpysoK na pacTJOKeHiie , fTpii pacneie na Tpemimo-
CTofiKOCTb B CTaumi sKCiuiyaTamni KOHCTPVKHHH 113 OGHTHHOTO e- ^
jie3GoeTGna npoiiaao HTCfl npoBepna pacKpHTiisi TpeuuiH B ceneHiinx ,
^
HOpMa .TlbHblX II HflKJIGHHblX K OC1I MeMCHta ( CM, TL 234 ) .
.
169 B pacneTax >KeJie3o6eTOHHbix KOHCTpy KLUIH no nepBoMy npe -
jieJibHOMy COCTUHHHK) conpoTiiBJieHiie ueTona B pacrflHyTofi 3one He
yqiiTbiBat‘TC 5i a pacTaniBaioimie ycimiiH no:tHocTbio nepe atorcn na
apMaTypy.
^ 3aHHoe
yxa
TpeooBaHHe He OTHOCHTC;I K c iynaio npoBepKii . ^
rjiasiTbix paCTHriiBafoauix Hanpn >Kenmi B KOiiCTpyKunflX 113 oobiqHoro
-
>Ke JiC3o6eTOHa , r e B paenerax ncnojib3yiOTca cooieeTCTByiomiie
^
pacneTiTbie conpOTiiBJieHifSi SeTona no Tafiji . 14*
170* PacneT npe BapHTejibHO HanpHMteHHLix KOHcrpyiumfi no BTO-
^
poMy npe c/ibROMy COCTOHHHK) nponsBo nicn onpe ejicmieM npornSoB ,
^ ^
a Taioxe Bbinioa OT npeAEapiiTe;i Micro ooraarjifl SeTOHa c yqeioM npo- ^
HBiiBiHHxcn K 3TOMy MoMeHTy noiepb HanpHX\ eiiHH ,
171 / B cOopHO- MOHOJITITHbIX
KOHCTpyhllHHX , B KOTOpbTX HMCIOTCH
- ^
cGopnbie sjieMenibi, ycraHaRjniBaeMbie £o yK ia Kii ocra j bHoro GOTO Ha
B KOHCTpyKixrno , napsiay c pacneiOM KOHCTpyKHun B UCJIOM npoiiBBo iiTcn
^
AOUQJtHLiTeJibitbift pacneT tipaHHocm, et opMaimir n TpeiibiiHocTofiKO ^ -
^ ^
CTH na Bos encTBiie TpancnopTHbrx n MoriTa >KHbix Harpy 30 K , CBeme -
^
yjio>KeHHoro Geiona H T. n . PacqeTHoc conpoTiiB,TeHiie JloiHMHiiT&TibHo
yjioyKemiOTO GeTona ii reoMeTpimecKne xapaKTepHCTiiKii ceneHHH npn
5TOM npiIHUMaTOTCJl COOTB0TCTBOHHU A 'Ifl lUOK/lofi CTa HH paOQTbl , gJlH
Koiopoil llpOH 3 BOAHTCH pBCHeT KOHCTpyKHIIH * ^
172 a pacnojioxven -
ApMarypa ,
Ha 5J B OKBTOH 30 Iie KOHCTpVK
Ullfi /Ke eSHO OpOyKHblX MOCTOB,
-
^ ^
paccHHTbiBaeicH BO Bcex cjiyqanx
TOJIbKO Ha npuHHOCTb .
173, npn
pacneTax H 3rnoaeMbrx HJIEI BHeixeHTpenHo oxaibix c
GojibuniMH sKcuenipHCHreraMii sjieMeiiTGB Ha nponnocTb pacHOTHoe
conpOTHB eKEie 6CTOH 3 B npe ejjax nflomaAii ceneHHH CBOCOB nonca
^ ^
Rn —
(3a npe ejiaxm mHpnHbi peopa ) npmuiMaeTCff paBHbiM :
RIIP —
^
Kor a HeHTpa . ribiiafl ocb paccMatpiiaaeMoro ceneHHsi pacno io-
^
meHa B npe ejiax npiiBe eHHoft TOJim, nnLi cataToro no ca;
^
HCTTpa,abHa ^ oob paciioJiOiKewa OT
^ CTMTOS
^
^
rpanii ceqeiniH Ha paccTonumr , paBHoM n ,im npeBbiinaK> meM
AHonnyio npiiBeA HHyio TOjiimiHy cjKaioro nonca *
^
COB onpe eJifleTcn no HHTepno,aHumi .
^
-
B iipoMex< yTOHHbix c iynajix pacneTHoe conpoTiiB eHJie GeTOHacBe ^ -
npnnmpiEHe cseca nonca , He npeBbimaiomen miipHHbi pefipa cene -
HH 5J , pacqetHoe conpOTiiBtieHiie oeiona npuHiiMaercfl paBHbiM RK
He3abHCIiMO OT HO,nO>KCHiIH HeflTparTbHOfl OCIE -
59
I . npHBejjeHUaa ToJitniiHa on pe
t Y 'TCTOM a
î ay JOB
njnmj
êrt Africa
nAO
2 * Pac quince^ cunpoTJiBjieHHO .
(StTona oKaioil soHbi pe 6 pa ceqeHiia BO
BCOX npiiHtffuaeTCfl paaHMM RlL .
174. npo^ HocTb
H 3nrfiaeMbix H BHeneKTpeHHo marax sjieyiemoB
B ceneHimx , HaKdioi-iHbLx K O C H 3jioMt? HT£i jyyuKiia Cbirb oOecne'sena npii
AeftciGim K3r:ioaK) inero MOMema n npH IICTRMH nonepeKHorr ciuibi
173 rip if
pacneie Ha nponiiocTb i eiiTpa biro OKarax
-
,
c pasMcpaMii ce eHiin MeH &e 30 X 30 fjf IIJIH AnaMeipoMMeilee 30 cu

^
^ ^ sjieMeiiTOB
H BHeueHipemio oKarax BJICMGHTOB C Gcjibinefi ciopoHoii ceneHHH MCHee

30 CM AJift ocex CTa iifl paGora sjieueHTa BBOAHTCH KoatJxfirmieHT
yMomrii paGora m.z — 0 , 85* ^
178. PacneTHLie yciijnifl B s eMemax cTanmecKii Beonpe ejiHMMX
^
jKej7 e3o6 eTOHHbix KOffCTpyKmiii onpeflejuiioTCfl MeTO taMii cTpOHTe,ibHofi ^
MCxaHHKH no nptyuiapiiTMbno 3 a;i 3 HHbiM pa 3 MepaM cenoHnn c yneTOM ^
ycHJinfi OT npeABapnieJibHO Hanpn >KeHHOH apMaTypbi .
Packer npoH 3 BOAHTcn c yneioM nepepacnpeAejieHHfl ycMifH , Bbl-
3 UBae _Moro ii 3 MeneHiie ;vi CHA H £ITH }KCHHH apMaTypbi OT yca Kir if noji *
3 ywc. ru Geiona BO spewed , a iaK >Ke o yêTota \ i 3 MeHeHHSl IKOCTKO-
' ^
CTH ceneHiTn *
npii oueiiKe HtcdKocTH AonycKacxcH BBOAHTB B packer Bee GeioitHoe
ceneime ieMeHia Ge 3 yneia apMaiypti * BejinniiHa JKOCTKOCTK onpc e-
^
jineTca no yKa 3 aHHHM n . 231 . ^
Pacxo /KAemie B cooTHomeHiisjx ^KecTKocrefi , npnHHTbix B pae^ eie
H no yHRBUiKXCH no KOHCTPYKTHBHBTM cpie^KSM , AcmycKaercfl He Go
^
jiee neM na 30 % „
^
177. Bbicoia OKaToft 30 HH GeTOHa npii pacnere Ha npoHHOdb H 3 *
rnOaeMbix 3,'ieiMeHTOB 113 ofinmioro n npeABapHiejibHQ narip^êHHoro

^KeJie3o6eTOtia ojOKua yAOEJieTeopftTb ycMauro
^ x
19 “ 0 , 55,
rjje x— BwcoTa cjKaTofl 30Hbi

^Serona ;
—
/i 0 ruvie 3Haa RbieoTa cenemiH .
178 . npii pacHeTe Ha r. pO'itiacTb ;( 3r £u'acvL:x 3jie\tenT0 B 113 ofibiuiioro
u npejaapiiTe/ibuo nanpn >KenHoro jKejie3o6cTOHa n cjiynaax U , 25<J <£
0 , 55 BBOfliiTCH K 03(j3cJ)miJieHT ycjiOBHH paGora ( n . 208 H 242) , onpeae-
^
jifleMMH no Tao. i . 26 ILIH no | ( )opwyjie
f>
—
h 1.7 0 , 7 ( 5 + 0,00015 /?0 )
npiineM Beairama 0 ,00015 R0 npHHHMaeTCH He 6ojiee 0,75.
l; <
Hpn E, <10 ,25 HpiIHHMSSTCS filjj — 1 .
/IJIH ceneHiifi H3 o6bmnoro » ejie3o6eTOHa Rt ) = Ra , a ceêHiul H3
npii BapHTejiLHO HanpaKeHHoro >Ke.ie3o5eToHa /?0 A R„( RJISI ropane-
^
Kara HO ii CTajia A a paBRO Rl —
« St , a fyia npoBoaoKH 0,8711" ouJ. —
60
^
T a (5 JJ a 26
Ko ^ tfnJmnireHT VCJIOBHS p /itJoTW m 2
}< « P *3
x
fc
1
a ho
WTJTi
<0 t 25 '
Ot 30 .
O Ufi 0 , 40 0 , 45 0 , SO 0 , 55
3 000
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4 000 1 1 1 1 0 , 96 0 , 93 0 * 90
4 500 ] 1 0 , 98 0 , 95 0 , 91 0 , 88 0 , 84
5 000 H GOJK?P *
, ] 0 , 96 0 , 93 0 , 90 0 , 86 0 , 82 0 , 79
179, ripu pacneiax Ha npo HocTb tiarnCaeMbix II BHeueinrpemro

^
OK a TUX (c dojTbimiMK KcueiTTpucHTOTaMii) ajieMeiiTQB onycKaeTCfl ne
^ - ^
vmiTbiBaTb
!
%
jiimecTBo
^ onojiHHTe
pacTHHyTOii apMarvpbi ,
^ bHoe KO
TpeOyeMoft no pacne.TV Ha xpe-

mHIJOCTO fi KOCTb . a
311
180. PacneTHasr mnpiiHa rum *
Tbi bn y cstaxofi rpami 6a JIKH
ojDKHa oWTh He 6ojiee
^HHH Meatfly paccTOK
OCHMH cMeatHUX 6a-
-
JIOK npojicTHoro cxpoeHna . Opir
npoaere CajiKH , MeHbineM leTbi
pexKpaTHoro paccTOHHHH Meatfly
PHC . 2-
CMeJKHbiMii 6ajiKaMH , nmpiriia rmn -
TU , yuHTbiBacMaa B pacmere , flcuuKHa yflOBjieTRopnib ycjioamo
£> n 2 s + 12 / jn ,
„
'
rum
^ '
rfle h TO.nmnHa { puc . 2) .

KoHcoJibHaa KpaHrmx fia .ncit . KpoMe Toro, flo,T/Ki :a
tjac-Tb njnirbi
yfloRaeTBopsTb TpeGoBaHirw , '-]To6bJ mnpiiKa ( ymiTbiaaeMas P pacneTe)
KOHCOJIH aa npejjejiaMii BVIS He npoFbuua .ia fihn
181 . npH paeno-TioHtBHiiH npoflonbHoft pafio'iefi apMaTypbi R pac
- -
THHyTofl 3oHe SajiKii B Herape pflfla H 6oaee n npafiyto nacTt co -
^ —
OTBeTCTByioiflHx pawnrbix f opMv.ri BBOAHTCH K 03cJ> tj>imneHT
fy> x
rfle Fin
— h'o
nofle 3iraH BbieoTa cexemia OT otm irmKnero pafla pacxflHy
x
J
-
TOH apMaiypbi;
TO Ke OT ueHTpa TH KCCTII paoTHiiyrofi ypMarypM ,
^ ^
61
182. TTpii paOTGTe OJITITH B eoqeiuni HBH IT p GMG?KYTOTJHTIMTI ono *
paMH npiT Byron (CM ; puc . 2) BbicoTa

êro
paSo ceîeHHfl no
ocn SaJlKlf lipMHMaeTC5I paRKOH
h = hn + s ig ct,
r e hn
^
r
— t u m T b i;
5 — paceToSHneoT nana ia Byia -
. OCII Sa.ixif ; m
a — yro. ii naKJioHa HiiHmeft rpanii ByTa K ropitaoHTy .
iiMaa B pacneT BejntHHHa tg « He .nawtHa npoBbiuiaTb V •
BBo
np ^ *
» Hajiimim EytOB, HMeroipiix yKJiow Cojiee 1 : 3, B packer njniTbi '
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1
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Ec .nn BbicoTa ceneHHH y onop nepaspesHbix n KOHCOOIBHHX da.xoK
H pm e. iei-i paw yBejiiniHBaerca npn noMomu syTa , TO nonepeHHafl .
dHJia onpeAejineTcfl no (f'opMyae
A/
<?„ = Q ± tg a
V
r eQnM
^
hn
—— .
MaKciiMa nbiiau pacMCTHan nonepemiasi cmaa - H copTBeT
cmyiomiKi eft ii3rHf > aioru, iifi MoiweHr B eeneH.iui;
padonan BbicoTa (Sa iKii . .
-
3H3K «-[ » npiiHiiMaeTca npn BweoTe ceneHna 6ajiicn , yownaioineft
*
no HanpaBJieHHio yBe/nneHHfl adcoxiOTHoft Be umtiHbi wsniilaiouyeFO .

—
MOMeHTa , a 3 HaK « » npn BbicOTeceneHHH , B03pacTaiomeft no Hanpaiyre
HHIO yBe,niMt‘Hna aficoxicrHoii Ee,iHHirnbi ii 3rnoaiomero MOMeHTa .
-
183. Opii pacneie ueHTpajibHo oicarbix sjieMenTOB , B KOTOpbix VCT -
pocn HenoJiHbiii niapHHp Ha KOHiie croft KH , npofiOJiMian apiviaiypa
B mapHiipe paccmiTbiBaeTcn na BocnpiniflTiie ncero pacneTHoro yen Jinn ,
EL' iouia/ib ceneHiia deroHa B mapHiipe paccHiiTfemaeTca na MecTHoe
.
cK 'iTiK' , ri .Tioma,ab ceaenna deiOHa B mapHiipe flojixfna dt>) Tb He weiibrne
1/ n.iomaAn deroHa CTOHKH.
cenemifl
184 . npn aeftcTBiui na deron cocpe oronen H nr x ycu .iiift , nepe-
B 03
;p:BAE \IBJX na orpaHimeHHoii Hacrii njionia ii cenemiH 3„icMeiiTa (iio. i •^
aHKepaim HanpuracMoft apf .taiypbi , onopHbiMH ^ rirouwAKaMH H .up.),
AO.n /Ken fib!TB c;ie.r ?: H pacaeT npoiHocni derona na MecTHoe OKaTiie,
npii rpynnoBoM pacriorojKOHiiH cocpejtoioaeHHbix ycii.mft pacneT
npoH3 BOAHTcn no ynacTKaM npiijio >KeHiifl orfl &Hbin>ix yeiumft , a raioite
na eftcTBiio paBHojieHcmyiom,eft BCCX ycH.utft . Ka >Kflfciir ynacTOK npii
^
jio>Kemia VCH.IHJI apimpyeTca B cooTbeTCTBinr c xaiTHbi.v ii pacneTa . He* . -
BHBHCJfMO OT 3T0T0 CCHCHJiC 3 eMeHT5 B H0JIOM apMJJpyeTCH IIO pe3yjlb
^ -
T.HRAM pacnera na Boa efiCTBiie paRHOHeficTByionieii Bcex cocpe/iOTo
neiiHbix ycii.iiiH . ^ -
nbiM
PacqcTbi na wecTiioe c:xaT? ie
TeximnecKiiM yKasaanaM, ^
OJIIKHU npoii3B03HTbCJ3 no eneu,ua,ro -
62
185, Packer
Ha MecTHOe manic non nefiCTBHeiu OAHHOHHbix cocpe-
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^ -
ma
^ Kofl CMATHA nonepemon apuarypoH B Bane csapHbix ceTOK AQ -
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Ha noBbioiCHHe necymefi CHOCOCHOCTH SeroHa npH MCCTHOM
maniH (9 =4
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— 3r[ ) ;
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ruioLUAAH CMSITHJI ( NNOHI H HarpysKeHHofi
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OTiTOiireHire
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nepenaeica Harpy 3Ka ; npii aroM 3a pacneTiTyio UJIO -
ruanb F npHHiT \fa [QT ruioiuanb , y Koropofr nenip Tn -
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F ; RenH^ HHa 0 / nomna R% ;
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* 2 11 ^ 2
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YuiomaAB SeTona , 3aKjnoMettnan BHyipn KOHTypa term;
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npn
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cnt KaK npanHJio , R pa 3Mepe 100 % , T . e . 6e3 ynera cuenjiennH apMa -
Typbi c QeTOHOM * Merihmyjo BejiH^nny nepenaeaeMoro *iepe3 aHKep
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Ta bHOM ofioCHOBaHHH ,
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CTBHH MOMenTa npOHBBOAHTCH c ywfOM Bjma[ HH 5i npornOa MeMeHTa
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-
.
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MOMCHT HHepu. nK Gorouiroro ce ieHim ( nosuioro)
MaTypu ;
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10 pacqernaH Ami Ha 3jieMema ;
N* ycmtte , npnmwaewoe paBUbiM :
npif na .’iHtnm cuenAehHa apMaTVpw c GeTOHOM
N' = N ,
npii OTcyicTBHii cneruioHHfl HanpHraeMoii apMaTypbi c G& TOHOM
M’ = N +
N npoAo.ibnafl ciuia OT pacneTHt ix HarpysoK ;-
Wni, - - ycii .nne . npe
apifTC.TbHoro Hanpfi -Hfemisi apMaTVpbi , onpej,e-
^
jifleMoe c vueTOM noTepb HanpaiKemiii .
B cjiynae , ecjui Karcpfiraeiuaf? apwarypa , HO imeioiiian cueftue -
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^
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б) npH y!ieie canti N' = M - {- jiuifb! S, .TES/etfr<s,
i! U S C T K
paBHon paccioaHiiio MejKAy TonKaMii Kperuiemin apMarypw K CeTony . ^
noMitMo yqeTa HIOKOCTU B UJICICKOCTH AeiicTRim MOMeura , aoJiJKHa
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7 . PACHETUAH C X E M A COOPV )KEHHft » GUPE E J I E H H E yCHJTfffi
187* B npocTpaHCTBeHHbix KOHCTpyxiuisix lipoJieroHX

^
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^
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^ ^ nx cropon , pasnoM EIJIJI do,nb-
meM AByx , paccMaTpiiBaioicn xax Ga o Hbie , omipaiomHecA ADY
^^
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^
^
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^
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^ ^
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^ -
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CTCIlKIIi
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^ njiifT
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^
^
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l*
1P /4
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—
q packman narpv 3Ka OT coScTBeHHoro eeca njimu n
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^ -
^
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^
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^
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-
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apOBHoro cTpoemia na ee
-
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^ ^ nnimbi uaruuaich
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^ -
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. ^ -
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apKii npn nocpe ciBe cToex , packer rviaRHbix npo ojibnbix a nonepenabix
^
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h Bbicora crofiKM;
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3 3aK. 134 65
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^
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. ^
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203. S.’ieweuTu KoncTpyKiiiiH , pafioTaioii e na nenTpajibnoe H Biie-
HeHTpei-ii-ioe OKfmie , AOJI /KHW npoBepHTbCH na oCmyio y CTO fi q H BOCTI, . ^
IIpH pacqeTe oxaTbix ojie.ueHTOB oGm,aji ycTOH'mnocTb He npo -
[icpnerca a Tex cayiaax , Kor yi sjieMCHTU npaMoyroJibHoro
/ CCJOIIUJI
/0
uweioT OTH omen lie 10, aieaienTw npyrjioro CEQEHUH OTHQWe -
* - <; 8, 6 — l
^
0
mie -~ H s.ieMeHTfai 6oro ce <ieima
jno ru6 K0CTb ~
< 34,6,
\e
Tj
b
d
—
ln cBoSoAKan ^ amia sjieMeim ;
rianMerrbmHH paaMep nonepeqHoro cenenaii aaeMeiiTa ;
;i, HaMeTp Kpyrjioro ceqei-rnsi SjieMCHTa;
r pa wyc miepniui nonepe'inoro 3.ne -
HanMefibuiHH
Met-rra , ^ ceqeiina
204. Rjifi 3.neMeuroB , paOoTaioiiiiix ua osarne if imetomnx oTHome -

HM paswepoB , npeBMuiaioiHvie npe eJiw , VKa 3aHiibie B n . 203 , B pac-
qerax necymefi cnocofinocra no ^ nepBOMy npe e.’ibuoMy cocTonumo
na npouiiocTb B BopuTca KoacbcJiiinneHT cp, ^
3iiaqennH KOToporo npiiRO -
JIHTCH B ra6a . 28 .
Ta6 j\ II na 28
K 0344) H 4 He >JT 9
'
/ „/ & 10 12 14 10 18 20 | 22 24 26
8 ,6 10 , 4 12 , 1 , 13 , 8 15 , 6 17 , 3 19 , 1 20 , 8 22 , 5
, 34 , 6 I
41 , 6 45 , 5 £ 5 , 4 62 , 3 69 , 3 76 , 2 83 , 1 90 J
fn
ritp 1 ,0 0 , 06 0 , 02 0 , 83 0 , 84 0 , 79 0 , 75 0 , 70 0 , 55
9M , 1 ,0 0 , 06 0 , 92 0 , 87 0 , 70 0 , 71 0 , 64 0 , 58 0 , 51
iJS | £8 30 d2 34
'
30 O0 4 a
IJd . .. 24 , 3 26 , 0 27 , 7 29 , 4 31 , 1 32 , 3 34 , 6
tfy / T . i 07 , 0 104 111 118 125 132 139
wi s:p
- 0 , 61 0 , 56 0 , 51 0 , 47 0 , 42 0 , 33 0 , 34
tsrjiA ' . 0 , 451 0 , 39| 0 , 34 0 , 20 0 , 25 0 , 21| 0 , 17
&
3H^c;nifl Koa KjHimiCHTa hp ;
or noAHoro yciiAiw ^
0 ) npn pacHe're
3Ilt!4f HTlflM fp ;y, ;
TOJibKo na nocTOJtHHyio Harpy 3 Ky
— paBHbiMii
b) Bemmune yen * OT iiocTOsnmoS Harpy 3KH 6ojiee 70 % OT

npn
nojMtoro yciiAiis IIO iniTepnoAAiinn MCIKAY <pKp H K »;CTKO saAeAamibix uomiax /0 ~ 0,5 /;
6) ripn OAHOM >KecTKO saACAamioM n ApyroM mapHiipno HenoABHAt
HOM KOHUe l (, = 0,7 l \
-
B) npn oOonx uiapHiipHO nenoABii /KHbix KOHiiax /() l\ =
= —
r) npn OAHOM /KCCTKO BaABASHHOM H ApyrOM CB060AHOM KOHUe
% 2 /; 3Aecb l ncumaa A ntia oneMeHTa ^
ITpn n pobepKe na oSmyio ycTofiMHSocTb CBofioAHas AAima oxarbix
ajiCMeHTOR npinniMaeTCsi c yneroM an H a oil MeiKAy HI IMII
.
- .
.
,HAH OTACAI IIO CTOflmux paM CBOOOAJISH AAiina aneMCHTa ripiiHii
Maerca pamion:
-
а ) npn mapHHpHO HCHOABH /KIIOM omiparum pan 2 , 2 /; —
c
б) npn /KCCTKO 3aAeAanH0M onnpaHiin paM
TaoA , 29.
b COOTBCTCTBUH
—
Ta6 aT II u a 29
CsoSojiHasi aJieMeHTOB paM
B
B
.
0 t> M
0, 2 M l / t
1 ,0 . * 1 ,3 i 1 , 15 / l
3, 0 1,5 / M £ U i
B oOoBHaMeHo:
B,
B
—— TaoAHne
pKreAH , paBiian
’/itecTKocib
/KecTKocrb CTOHKH , paBHas £ G
/ p; Ec
b —npo ,neT pureas ;
t —BbICOTa CTOHKIi ;
.
E 6 — - woAy Jib ynpyrocTit SeTOHa .
.
206 ApK.ll II CBOAbI AOASCHhl lipOBCpATbCn II a oomyio ;, C10 lVlHB0CTb -
Kai\ B nAOCKOCTII , T3 K II 113 nAOCKOCTII KpHBlI 3HbT,
npnpacACTe na oomyio ycToftmiBocTB apoK H CBOAOB cBoOoAHyio
AAIlHy B nAOCKOCTII KpIIBIBHbl CACAyCT liplIHHMaTb' no II 411 . .
npn npouupKe Ha o6mym ycroHniiBocrb noAonix BiienempcHiio
OKaibix apoK II 3 riACJCKonn nx KpiiBiisHbi CBOQOAHVIO A Jinny iix puny - -
cxaeTCH npriHUMSTb I'laKAAH npfiMtix cTepmueft no ocii api< n STOM . npn
cjieAyer yAHTHBaT.b BAHSHwe cB5i3en wenyiy iviaiiJjMMH BAeMeirraMii.
69
.
PACHET KOHCTPyKU Hft H 3 OEblMllOrO JKEJ1E30EETOHA
10. PACHETbl 9 J1EJV1EHTOB KOHCTPyKUHfl no HEPBOMy
HPE EJlbHOMy COCTOJJHHIO HA [lPOHHOCTb
^ —
PacTHHyTbie BjieiweHTbi
207. PacêT nei-iTpa.ibHo pacTfinyibix b. eMeiiTOD Ha npo'iHOCTb

no iJjopMjvie ^
npoiBBo irTCH
^ N < Fs Ra,
r e N npo onbHaa cima OT pacHenibix narpy30K;
^ Fa ^
naoma b ceaei-niH pacTsinyroft apMaTypu ,
^
paciieTHoe corjpoTiiBjiemie apwaryphi na npo4Hotib.
H 3rn 6aeMhie sjieMcnrbi
208, PacêT Ha nponHocTb ii3ni6aeMbix sjjeMeHTOB c ce eHiieM

cuMMexpH^ Fjoft tjjopMbi { piic . 3 ) npoii3 B 0AiiTcn no tjiopMyjT
^
^
M m 2 ( Rit SG + R 3
^
npn 9TOM nojioMetnie nefiTpajibHoii ocu onpe eJineTcn 113 ycjioBiifl
^.
RuFa — RaFa = RaFCi
llojiKa ,
aaeTCfl ,
pacno^ o^KeHHafi B pacTanyToti 3 oHe, B pac êie He -
yqiiTbi
teveme 3 MMS .WS PtiCVetofftM CISHQ
1 s K ~
« U
y' rAs
~
K N
-es
fl
Pnc 3
6 >
Ceêtme fieTona c ^KaTofi 30Hbt AOJHKHO VAOBJICTBOPHTB ycjioBuio

af n TpeQoBaHHio n 177 * ,
B 3TTIX cJjopMyjiax o5o3HaêHo :

M ltarufiaioiujiEi MoMettT OT pac eiKbtx narpysoK;
^ c aioii fieioHa ;
Fe anoiua
^ b Gehenna
^ 30Hb!
Fa, Fa .
H riomaAL ceneniiH cooTEeicTBenKo pacnmyrofi A
H ciKa -
TOH A apMaxypbi ;
1
Sa CTaTiiHecKHii MOMCHT njioiuaAH ceneniin oKaioft 3oiibr fie -

ToHa oTiiociriejibiio ixenTpa TflJKecui cenetma apMaTypbi A ;
* CM , II , 181 ,
)U
S,
z
—— cTaTiiliecKin“i MOMCIIT n.nomaan
OTHociiTe.nbiio ueii 'rpa TSTJKCCTH
naeno BHyipeHneii napu ;
cc'ieima Been apMaTypbi
-
ceae ma apMaTypw A ;
ft „— rioJie3Han Bbicota fiajnai OT nempa TiPKecTit pacTaHyrou

apMaiypbi A AO Haiifiojiee OKarofi rpaim oeTotia;
a
— pacciOJiHiie OT oicaTon rpatni 6eioHa jio neiiipa THiKecTii
OKarofi apMaiypbi A' \
m .,
Pac’icTHaa
— ^ Ko tJinunejjT
cniaTaa apMa-
paSoTbi no n. 178.
YEAOBML
Typa npiiMenacTCJi , KBK npa
BHJIO , LIPH orpamiHCHHon BM
--
coTe ceqeium rum npii najin
MIIII iisnioaiomnx MOMenroB
- X fl,
Acyx snaisOB. Cxitaryio apMa -
Typy B paciiorax ;i,onyc IT CTCH '
ymiTbinaTb HaCTiiAHu R lipe e

jiax BMno THemia .ye/iomiH ^-
ITF02
< .
z Jl 0 ci' Bbinoanemre ycao -
< : apMarypa pac
BHJI Z / l (1 a' He TpeSytTOJi ,
ecjiif C /rsc'TiT t
lore He yaiiTLiBaeTcn .
- B V//////// ./
T
u
‘
PacueT ce-
npHMoyroabimx itt
Hemiii c ABofiHoii apMaTypoii t
C
cviynae, Koiyta Fa F ai
B
npoii3 BoAHTCfi no cliopiuyjie ^ Pnc . 4
M <F 3 R3 ( h0 - a' ) .
209 . Packer na npoaHOCTb ceHemiii , naKjioHHbix K npoAOAbnofl
OCII 3JicMenra ( pnc . 4 ) , noy yeiicTBiieM nonepewHoil CHAM npoif 3Bo -
jvirai no ( popMyjie
Q <2 Sill G + i «/x + <?6,
rAe F0 naomaAb ceHemia BCCX OTornyTbix cTep >KHeft , pacnoJio >KeH -
HblX B OAIIOH (HaKJlOHHOH K OCII 3JieMeiITa ) naOCKOCTH,
nepeceKaiomefi paccMarpiiBaeiMoe HaoobHoe ceneHne;
fx n,ioui,aflb ceneHiiH xoMyToB, pacnoao /Kennhix B OAHOII ( Hop -
MA,ii>HOH K ocii sAeMenTa ) ruiochocTH, nepeceKaiomen pac *
CMaTpiiBaeMoe HaRJioHHoe ce'iemie;

a — yro. i HaKjioHa OTorHyTbix cTCpJKReii K OCII suiexieHTa;
2o npoeimiiH npeAeabnoro ycnjina B 6eTOHe C >K ax oil 30HH
HaKjioHHoro cenemin Ha HopMaab K OCII saerieHTa
Qo
0, 15 /?H bhl
c
, rAe c npoeKUHfl AAinibi HaKAomroro ceHeinur Ha ocb 9AexienTa .
210 . Bejiinmia raasHbix pacr >inmaioiii.fix (oKHMaiomirx ) Hanpa-
JKeHHii iia ypobue nefiTpaabHofi ocii onpeAe.naeTCa no (JjopMyAe
71
QS
°rp (o) it l b ’
rae Q — liaiidOiibinasi nouepeunaa cnjia B anuoM centrum;
S — cTaTiweoKtii i MOMern- CiKarofi
' ^
3oiibi deTona oTHocnTCJibHo
( jjopMy.ii aw
-
neifTpa.ribKOH ocu, no.'io/KC mie KOTopofi onpeAeJuteica no
Teopnii coiipOTnBJieHna ynpyrux MaiepnajioB
( CM . n. 167 ) ;
/ npiiBefleinniifi MOMP. KT iinepinin cenenan ;
Ji. IH— imipima ceueHiia Ha ypoBue Hcnipa tiion ocn .
^
A' KOUC; pyKci: ii , ne paccniiTbiuaeMbix iia nbinocjuiBocTb , rjiaB -
Hbie iranpHJKeHHu na ypoBHe neHTpsabHofi ocu oripeAejimOTCH no
JJopMyjie
(
Q
<n — zb ’
rjie 2 —
nneno RnyTpenneH napw CHJJ , onpe ejiJieMoe no peajvibTa *
TaM pacnera ce nc H u >i na npouHocTb (c npaMoyrou bi-roil sino* ^
poii Hanpa >KeHim B deione OKaToii 3om.i) .
Bbi’mcjieHHLie iuiaBUHe pacmninaiomne Haripn >KeHnn orp , cc .mr
omi npeBocxoniiT no sejinmiHe 1 ao.iinHbie 3 Haneimn i? |5| ( CM . Tad;i . Hi ,
'
npii KOTOPI >ix HC TpedveTCH nocTanoBKii xoMyiOB n KOCBIX CTepyKiieii ,

UO.flJKHbl OblTb JIOJIHOCTblO BOCnpHHHTU HOflCpCHHOH apMSTypOli ( KOCblMH
ii.ni npoflOJibHbiMii c'rep /KHJiMir H xcMymMii ) . Ha ynacrKe, rpe nanpa -
JKeima Hiix;e ladjumHbix BtvmmrH /?| , pacmniBaioinee yciuine MOHteT
l
=
dbiTb nepe,a, aHO na Ceron . f /iaBHue HanpajKomia n da .iKax c nepeMen -
Hofi Bbicorofl cnpcuojxioicr no ncncpcuiioH cnjie c yneTOM EJIIIH -
IIHJ) nepeMCHHOH BbICOTbl Ua.TJKH .
Bbimic ieiman neuiiuiiHa yc.TOBHbix rjiaBHbix pacrarnBaioiniix na-
^
n|) HH\ eHn :i drr Ha ypoBHe HEII Tpa.iM-ioii ocu He ,T.oji >KHa npenocxoflii-Tb
’
pacuenroro conpoTUB,iemm Rrv 0 no Tad„i . 14 .

-
211 . H m Tanpop.bix nsnidaeMbix oueMemoB c liuiiTofi B oKarofi
30iie , KpoMe pacueia rviaBHbix HanpjiJKeHiifi , npoii 3BounTCH pacneT no
KacaiejibHWM Hanpu > KennHM , B03HiiKai0[miM B runiTC y wecia npiiMbi-
KamiH ee K pedpy . PacieTM peKOMeimyercH npon 3Bo iiTb no (JiopMyjie
0 , 75 tab
^
'
hu
<R
Sc„* i
rAe /„ KacarejibHbie HanpaatemiH B pe6pe dajmii Ha ypoBHe Heft*
TpajibHofi ocu ;
b— miipmia peQpa;
/in TonmiiHa runiTbi B OKaToii 3oHe;
ISUJ, cTaTiinecKiin MOMein njioiuauu ceueHHn cacaToft 3oHbi dero*
na orpaHiineHHoii paccwaTpHBaeMbiM ceueHiieM, OTHOCII -
. ocn;
5 tU [
— Te iEiHo ReuTp &nbiiQii
CTanmecKHil MOMCHT nceft ocTaubHOH njioma n cenei-niH
cHaTOil 3OHH SeTcma OTnocnrejibHo Hefirpaabnofl ocu; ^
R c:t pacuSTHoe coriporHBjieHiic no TadJi , 14.
n
IfeHTpajihHO onaTbie aaeMCHTu
212, Packer npo’niocrh ( YCTOHM n BocTb) i;Ci:Tpa«'ibHO OKaxux

Ha
aieMenTOB npii Hacwnennn npoAOAbHofi apMaTvpoii AO 3% npoHaso -
SHTCH no ijropMyjie
<
N { Rnp F + Ra Fa ) w >
rae N npOAOjibHaa ciuia OT pacwrubix narpy 30K ;
Fn n.uaiua b ceieHH5 npo ojiiiiiofl a p Marypa;
^ ^
F njiorii,asf > ceêniin SAeMema;
ip —
< )(J)HmieHT no Tao.i . 28.
K 03|
npii nacbTiueHim ap.MaTypoii 6o,nee 3% pacweTiran twiomaflb ce-
uemTji OeToiia npiimiMaeica paaHoft njiomajn cenemiH 'JJICMCIIT;: F
3a BbmeTOM n oma H ceverma apMaiypbi packer npoH 3BoAHTcn
-
no dwpMyjie
^ ^
<
R [ Rup { F Fa ) + i?a Fsl qp .
n p fl M c q a H ii e -
—
npH wajiHquii n esc ATOM ajieMefrre neTjiesoro mjKa
c npriMoii BCTaBKOH AJIIIHOE He Meaee jUiftMerpa 3JKpyrjieHiifi £onycicaeicfl
y ^ HTLiBaTt ii pac îeTe paGcwyio ? pMaxypy B pa 3Mepe 50 % .
213* PacneT Ha nponHOCTb ueHTpajibHO cacaTbix gjieMemoii c none-
pe iTofi apMaTypofl B BUJ\e emipa /iefi JUH cBapHBJX KOJieu , a TSK >K0 9Jie-
^
MeHioB B Bii e MeTa jinnecKiix Tpyo, 3anojiiieHHbix OCTOHOM * npoH 3Bo
HO ( ^
JjopMyjie ^ -
N Pa f 2* 5 PAC PCJ
rae F, naoipaub Qe ^ HApa e
J
^
^-ronHoro
np a 4
"
“ "
CM ~\
Fn n .nomaAb npOAOJi biioii apMaiypbi HAH TpySw B CM 2',
nD A, fc
Pc njioma h npHBeA
^HHoro ce emifl cmipajin B CM 2 ;
^
D*
s ^
fliraMerp sr pa sjieueHTa;
/c ^
nJiom,a ,Ub nonepGBHoro ceneHHfl erep ^ HH cnnpajni ;
RAC
— s mar crmpa;m;
pacneTHoe conpomBJieHHe apMaiypbi cnHpajm .
^
ênnoft
exe
s^
po ieMeHTa Pn COOTBOTCTBYET njioma H ceHemui deioua , orpami-
crmpajibiioii apMaiypoft IIJIU MeTaJunmecKofi TpySofi npii pac- ^ *
^Tpy(5biNPONHOCTH >KeJie3o6eTOHHbix Tpyd , HMeTOimix cmipajib B cieHKe

H 3anoJiHeHHbix deionoM, B H pos ieMeHTa BKjimaeTCB deion
sanojiHetniH a BHyTpeHHJJH nacxb deTOHa OGOJIQ KK ^ .
crmpajibHofi
apMaTypbL
^
npH psevere 3 jieMemoB B Bilge MemjimwecKMX Tpy&, aanojmemtNX
OeroHOM, BMecTO n omaflu npuBe eiiHoro ce^ eirn ^ cruipajnr BBOAHTCJI
^
teScTBiiTe.TibnaH n îomaAb ^ MeTa i H êcicofi rpySbi ,
ce4eHiiH . ^
noBbimeHHe npoHHOCTH 3 ieMeHTa BCrne CTBiie ycH ^ eiTirn erocmipajib-
^ ^ ywnTtiBaeTCSi
Hon apMarypoii HJIII ceTicaMn ^ B pa Mepe He doêe 50 % 3
np04 HQCTH BJIGMeHTB TOTO yiee Ce eHUfl C odtrKIIOBeHHblMtl XOAfVTaMH.
^ nonepeuHoro apMnpoBamin npe
^
ECJIH npii Ha nMiin yKaaaimoro
^
ejibnoe ycHjnie 0 Ka3biBaeTcn Meiibrniui , neM c odbiHHBiMH xoMytaMii
-,
70 P
^ er
ee eiCT no (JopMyjraM n * 212 .
3B 3 i a4
aK ,
^ 73
214. PacveT na nponnocrb neHTpajit. no c/tcatbix ajieMeHTOB c no-
.Tept'MH.oii apMatypofi B BMjte CCTOK rpoii 3BOAiiTCH no (JiopMyae
N < Pni, /V-j - 2 ,0 Ra, Fc ,

We F 6 naomanb ccHeniis deTOHa ;
Rac pacneTHoe conpOTiiBJieHne apwaTypbi ceTKH;
Fr = ?
«
Tt UIHHS Bcex cTepjKHefi OAHOII ceine;

^
us paccTo\a^KHeCREPYKHH
jjAou ceTKH ;
h
B
MOHt y ceiKaMH no J&bicoTe

3 & KOTopoe He AOJI -
,
/KHO lIpeBbliliaTb 8 CM H paCCTOHHIIM Me KAy C i e p >KH 5IMJI
^
B njiane .
BHerj,eHTpeHHo OKaTbie ajieMeHTbj
.,
215 Packer no nepsoMy nperu,eJibnoMy cocToawpo Ha nponHocrb
ceneHHfi HopMa iMibix K OOII BHeueHTpeitHO c>KaTbrx sjieMeHTOB , npoii 3-
^
BOflHTCH pn flsyx pacneTHLix cjiynaeB B aaBUCHMocTii OT BejiiniHHU
9Kcu,enTpHciiTeia TOHKH npiijiojKeHiia HopMajibnon CHJIH ( piic 5) . .
It
TT
Si
iHi] J
/ ,
4
a 4 m 9 *® %
b
PHC * 5
riepBbiS pacêTHbift c-nyqaft OTHOPHTCJI K CM HKHM C SojibrniiMij

9KCueHTpHCUTera \iK . XAPAMEPHCTHKH
^ JUKHLI y
eeÊNIIH AO OBJIETBO -
S ^
pHTb yCJIOBHK)
Su <-0,8,
l
we S6 erariiqecKHH ruiornaan cenerrnji c^Karo ft softhr Se-

MOMCHT
TOHa OTHocmejibHO uempa iH^KecTii apaiaTypH A , na-
tiSo.nee y aJicHHoii OT TOHKH npn /io /xemiH ciuiti N ;
S0 ^
CTaTiiHOCKiiif MOMeirT n.rom.ayH BCOTO ceneHini SeTOHa OT-
HOCineabHO netiTpa TfiiKeCTH apiviaTypu A ,
TTpii HajiHHtnt B pacTHnyioft 30 He KOHCTpyKU.HK Bejimima
nojiKK
S <j onpeaeJiaeTCH 6e3 yneta miomaan ceneHini derona STOH HOJIKII .
n
BTop off pacêTHbift cjiy»tafi OTHOCIITCB cenemtHM c
K MajiwMH
S6
9KCD,eHTplICllTeTailH , KOTOpblX > 0 ,S (CM . n . 217).
216. PacHeT BueuempeHHO OKatbix SJIOM HTOB npoH3Bo, ibHon
^
(jjopMbi no nepuoMy pacneTHowy cjiynafo ( npn 6ojibiimx OKcpeHTpii -
'
ciiTeTax ) npoii 3BOAHTcn no (JrapMyjie

Nf '/?„SK - ) R3 SBi ;
)
noJioHceHHe Hciii pa. ihHoH

' '
ecu onpepe.TifJcsj HJ- ypaBHeaRH
Ra H - Ra F * Ra Fa N =0
rfle e — paccTOntme OT N AO paBHO eHCTByioin,eH ycifjmfi
CIUIM
B pacTBiiyToft apMaType ; ^
F , njioTna b cenenifa ScTOHa c /Kaion 30Hbi ;
^
Fa , F [ ruiomaflii ce êniin COOTBCTCTBOH H O pacTHiiyxOH A u c >Ka-
TOfi ap.uarypbi A' ;
s ctaTimecKiiH MOMCHT ruiomaAR cciemin OKaTOfi ap.Mary-
pbi A‘ OTHOCHTeJibHO peifTpa TsacecTH ceneimn apMa -
TypH A .
B
^
B Heo6xoAHMbix cjiynasx /? „p
—
opMy„iax ymiTbiBaeTCn pacneTHoe conpoTHBjieHHe
no yKa 3ainmM n 173
217, Packer ceneHufi npoii3 BOJibHoff (JfOpMbr no Btopotoy pacner-
HOMY cjiynaro ( npn Majiux 3KcueHTpiiciiTeTax ) upoii3Bo HTCH no tjjop
a
. .
Rnr
-
Myjie ^
Ne < { Rsp Sr -I- Ra S ). «
ECJIII npn 3TOM ycu.ine N npii.no>KeHO MOJK V ueHTpaMH Tnacecrn

^ AonoAHiutvibnoe
apMarypH A u A' , TO AOJIHCHO SbiTb yAOBjieTBopeHo
ycjiomie
Ne ( 7?np Sn ~ Ra 5a ) ,
"
i
-
rye S0
— cTaTUvecraw MOMCHT n.iouia ii Bcero
nociiTejibno neHipa ^
TaatecTit apMaiypbi A' HaiiMewee yAa
ceneHnn
,
SeroHa OT-
-
jieiiHOH OT TOBKir npimo»fCHiia CHJIM A/ ;
'
5 CTaTH îecKiiii MOMGI-TT n

^ oma^
ii ce eHiin Been apMaiypbi
OTHOCHTeJibHo nenTpa TH >K 0CTU ceqeHBJi apMaiypbi A ;
^
Sa — TO >K0 J OTHOCHTCJlbHO AGHTpa TflMCTH CeHCHHfl apMa -
Typbi A\
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pyKoBo cTBoeaTbCH YKa 3 amiEMii n . 173 , ^
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cenCHiia , nonepenHan — no npHBeAeHHOH njiomaAH cenemia .
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1WOCTOB HO HEPBOMy nPEflEJlbHOMy COCTOflH WO
HA BbIHOCJIHBOCTb
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.
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M 0, 025 CM npn flonojiHHTejibHLix coieTaHMax .
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apMaTypM c nejibio yBejwueHHs KojinqecTBa CTepjKHefi a npeflejiax
rroTpednon njiomafln ceneHHfi apMaTypbi, Koxopaa onpeflejiaercji pac-
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cr ( B CM ) rrofl B03fleHCTBneM Harpy3 KH npoH3 BOflHTca no ( jiopMyjiaM:
a ) npn rjiaflKofl apMatype
= 0 ,5
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CTepJKHen
Rr < A ;
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aT 3,0
^^ ^
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-< 2 /
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conpoTHBJieHHB ynpyrnx MaTepnanoB (CM . n . 167);
A,
E& Moflynb ynpyrocTH apMaTypbi ;

11 —
^ ^^n ^
Koa
30 Hbi
nuHeHTbi, OT p aiKaramite Bjinntme Qeiosa pacianyTon
fle opMamra apMaTypbi ;
paflnyc apMMponanHH B CM no n 235. .
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( pile. 8) , onpefle.'iarouiaH paccToaime Mem y Tpemm-iaMH H wa3b[ BaeMaa
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1
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p — pbi
2
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pa nyca B3anMo-
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micjioM
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B CM .
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TIC TBOpHIOLUHX TpeOoBaHHJlM n 215, TO) COOTBeTCTB } £T 60JIbIXIHM
dKCueiTTpHCHTeTaM emibi N ( pne 12 ) , npoH3 BOABTCH no (JjopMyjie
Ne (h )
< FA Rd '
a (h ) S
0 — aa + FH
FIoJioMceiiiie HeiiTpajibHofi OCH onpeAeJineTcn H 3 ypaEiieHHH
0 — aH + 6 Ru
f a Ra + f H Rnz — F 0 Ru — F a R , — Fu Oe + N - 0
BbicoTa cmarod 3OHBI AOJi /KHa yAomeTLop >nb ycioBiuo
e // 0 — a ',
90
r e N
^ So
—— npoAOJibnan ciiJia or
pacneTibix narpy30K ,
CTdTimCCKIIH MOMCHT nJlOIHaAH CeneHHH OKaiOH 30IIbI 6eTO-
..
Ha FQ oThocHTeJibHo paBHO a eHCTByioiii eH ycHjmft BapMaType.
AH II A,
e — N AO paBHOAeiicTByiomeii
paccioHHHe
B apMaType Au n A ( CM pnc 12 )
OT ciuibi ycnjiHH
OdajibHbie o6o3HaneHHH npuBeaeHbi B nn 239 H 241
H H
rx
ff
Uj
o
QJ hh A« m
Z
L o
FAZ /If
li
raSa
PHC 12
*
FIpHMeq a n n a 1 CCJIH npn pacneie cenemiH BejnimiHa
ac =
=
z ' h0
——
a' oma aeT
aH ) orpimarejibHaH H apwaTypa Fa He ynHTbiBaeTCH , Toy (? JiOBHe
2 ECJHI npn ôTcyTCTBiiH cuenjieHHH HanparaeMofi apMaiypu c CCTOHOM

Ru oa
> , TO BejnixiiHa
ac npHHHRiaeTca paBHoft Hyjno
3 I-IeoSxo HMO ymiTbiBaTb ipe6oBaHiie n 173
^ BHeueHTpeHHO cxcaTbix ceaeHHH npn CojibinHX SKcrieHTpH-
4 npn pacqere
cireiax CBecbi lioaca , pacnojio KeHHbie B paciHHyToft 30 He , He ynHTbiBaioTCH
^
253 Pac ^ eT ceneHnn , HopMajibHbix K OCH BHeueHTpeHHO c^Karax
ajieMeiiTOB, apMHpcsdHHbix npoAOjibHOH HanpqraeMOH apMatypoH H He
fl '
FXa
fft
lQ I OJ
+* \ I
K
I
HJ u
PHC 13
y oBJieTBopHioiunx TpeSoBaHHHM n 215, IITO cooTBeTCTByeT MajibiM

^
BKCucHTpHCHTeTaM ciuibi N ( pnc 13), npoH3Bo HTCH no (J)opMyjie
^
Ne Rnp S 0 -f - 0C 5H ~1~ Ra Sa
ECJIH npn STOM CH la N npHjioJkend Medg y paBiioAencTByiomuMii
^ VI
JCHJIIIH B apwaType An , A n A\ A , Xy AOJUKHO 6 bnb yAOBJieTBopeno
Aonojiinifejibiioe ycjioBne
Ne Rnp SH h Ra Sa ,
rpp S0 ii
—So ^
CTaTiineckne MOMeiiTbi
~
HJIOUIAAH Bcero pa6 onero cene -

HIUI 6erona ( Bbicoiofi h) oTHOCHTeJibHo paBHOAefi -
CTByiomeH yciKiHil B apwaType AHt A u Atit A ,
e ef —
II paccTOfluua OT cinbi N cooTBeTCTBenHo AO paBHo -
AencTByioLuefi yciunni B apwaType AH A w 4 „, A
9
( CM pHC 13) ,
Rnp -— pacLieTHoe conpoTHBjieHHe 6eTOHa oceBoMy oKaTino
( npii3MeHHaH nponHocxb ) ,
oL = ( RH —
B apMaType
cH ) — 4 , pacnoJioJKeiiHofl y 6o
ymiTbiBaeMoe
H
B pacneTe
/iee
HanpmKeHiie
Hanpn >KeH -
HOH rpaHB
OcrajibHbie o6o3HaneHHH npHBeAeHbi B nn 240 H 241
n p II M e M a H n H 1 CBecbi njunbi TaepoBbix H ,HB > TaBpoBbix ceqeHHH ,
pacnojio ^KeiiHbie y pacTHH}Toii rpanw , ripn npoeepKe Tpe6oBdHnfi n 215 He
yMUTbiiaioTca riJ' nia , pacnojio /heHnan y weHee OKaTOii rpami ( npa OToyT
CTBIIH paCTSI >KeHIIH ) , ylIHTbIB3eTCH nOJIHOCTblO
2 PacneT BueueHTpeuHO t- HOTbix sncMenTOB no rjiaBHMM HanpH ^ emuni
npoii 3 Bo HTcn no (Jjopaiyjie n 281 c cooTBeTCTByiomHM onpe ejiemieM eejni
miHbi ax^ ^
B PACHET HA HArPy 3KH , AEflCTByKHUHE B CTAAHH
nPEABAPHTEJlbHOro HAriPfl )KEHH 5l
.
254 Ben apMaTypa BbicoKonporaon npoBcwiOKH , ycTaHaBJiiiBae-
H3
Maa , AOJiKHa noABepraxbcn npeABapHxejibHOMy HanpameHmo
B ceiieHHH
255. ECJIH AonymeHo HecHMMeTpHMHoe pacnoJiojKenHe HanparaeMofl
apMarypbi oTHociiTejibHo BepTHKa ^bHoft
cuMMeTpHii pac njiocKOCTH -
c HTbiBaeMoro sjieMeHTa , TO STO AOWHO 6biTb yHTeHo B pacneTax
^ .
256 ElpeABapHTejibHo HanpH >keHHbie ajieMeHTH AOAHCHH 6brrb npo -
BepeHbl Ha npOHHOCTb H Ha CTOHKOCTb npOTHB o6 pa 30BaHHH npOAOJIbHbIX
TpemiiH (CM n 292) Ha CTaAHH CO3ASHHH B HHX npeABapHTejibHbix na -
npHKeHHfi 3jieMeHTbi c HaTHJKeHneM apMaTypbi Ha 6eTOH , KpoMe loro,
AOJHKHH 6 biTb npoBepeHbi Ha ycToftqHBOCTb (CM n 262)
257 npHHHTasi B npoeKTe BejiHHHHa (JiaKTHHecKoft npouHOCTH 6eTOHa
B MOMeHT ero o6>xaTHH AOJi >KHa 6 biTb ofiocnoBana pacneTOM c yneTOM
pea bHHX yCJIOBHH H3 rOTOBJieHHH
^
PeKOM HAyeTCH B npoeKTe npeAycwaTpHBaTb nporaocTb CeTOHa
K MOMeHTy ero o6>KaTM He Menbinen 300 h e / CM 2 npH npnMeHeHHii jno6oro
BHAa apMaTypbi
.
258 SjieweHTbi , noA êpraeMbie
B CTSAHHX co3AaHHH npeABapiiTCJib -
HHX nanpHHceHHH ueHTpaibHOMy oxaTHio npcABapHTeJibno Hanpmken
HOH apiwarypofi , He HMeiomen cnenxeriufl c OCTOHOM, AODKHH SHTH npo
-
Bcpeau Ha npoAOJibHyio ycTomiHBOCTb no opMyjiaM
92 ^
flJIH >Kene 3o6cTOHHHX 3 TCMCHTOB
| npn riidKocTii y> 34,
61
w „P < «v « ,r + Rd r ) , f
CTH
7>
anicMeHTOB, paccAiaxpiiBaeMbix
' 4
iVnp < p /?fpF 6 ,

KaK SexoHHbie
^ npn J I I6K O
r e A^ np
^ — C /KHMaioiuan npoAOTbHan cnjia OT pacnexHoro BO3 SHCTBH 5I
HanpnraeMOH apMaxypw , npHnimaeMan no n
^
261,
F — TiJiotnaAb ceneHHn 3JieMeHTa (c yneTOM ynasaHKH
naHHfi 1 h n 251 ) ,
np e
Ft — n ôma b ceneHHs 6cxoHa ( /iii

^
BbinoJweHhi H3 6exoHOB pa 3Hon nponnocxH
nacxn
SeroHHoro cenerniH
ec
CM n 244 ) ,
^ np
— pacnexHoe conpoTHBJieuHe 6exoHa , npHHHMaeMoe no npon -
HOCXH , npe yCMOTpeHHOH npoeKTOM K MOMCHTy C03 aHHH
^
npe BapnTejibHoro nanpn emin , ^
^ ^
Ra — HMeromeii
pacnexHoe conpoxHBJienHe neHanpnraeMon apMaxypbi,
cuenneHHe c 6eTOHOM ,
cp — 204 n
npoAOJibHoro H3rn6a, npHHHMaeMbm no
npHMe yiieTe /tencTBUfl nonepemioro H 3rii 6a ,

«j a H H H 1 flpH
BaeMoro coOcTBenHbiM BecoM sjieMeHTa , pac ^leT npoii 3BO£ irrc 5i no n 260
2 ffpH pacweie neodxo HMO ymiTbiBaTb TpedOBaHHe n 175
^
259. JIJ IH BepraeMbix B cra HHX cos aimn npe Ba-
sjieMeHTOB, no
pHTejibHbix HanpH >KeHH H ueHT pajibH owy CHiaT ^
HK) npeABapHTeabHo Ha ^ ^ ^ -
npnraeMofl apMaxypoft , HMeiomen cuenjieHne c 6exoHOM, npoBepKa Ha
npo oJibHyK) ycTonnnBOCTb He npoH3Bo HTcn ^
^
rf l^ " np
k /? j
Pnc 14
PacneT Ha nponHocTb OCYMECXBJINCTCH no 4
)opMyjie n 258 ( npw
cp = 1 )
260. SjieMeHTbi , no BepraeMbie npouecce CO 3AHHHH npeABapn-
B
^
TeJib ibix HanpnAeHHH BHcucmpeHiiOMy ofixtaTino , £OJi >KHbi 6bm> npo-
nepenbi Ha npoTiriocib c yncioM JICHCXBHH H 3ni6a , Bbi 3 brBaeAforo coO-
CTBCiiHbiM BCCOMSJ ieMCHTa , H coiyiacno yha 3 aH iHM n 262 no cxe,ayio -
' 7
miiw
ôpMynaM
93
npH 6 oJ\ b U m x 3KCHCHTpHCHTeTa \ CHJlbl
'
A/ np ( piIC 14 ), T e AJIH
ceneHHH, y oBjieTBopHiouwx ycjioBino Se ;
< 50>
0,8
^Nnp Rt Fc +
< —
RaFa - Ra Fa Rh , { FH - ft , ) ,
noJiOHveHHe HeHTpajibnofi OCH onpeAejineTca H3 ypaBHeHHH
RK "SsNnp i- z M iz '
R F R a F a e -|- /?H , FK eB = 0,
&
npH Majibix SKcueHTpHCHTeTax CHJTH yvnp ( pm 15), T e RJIH

ceMeHHft , yAOBjieTBopaiomHX ycJioBmo S6 > 0 , 8 S 0,
Nnp 0 lb A4 Rnp So + Ra Sa
<5
^
R<xFi
p* H*
m
^
^ \ +
np
PHC 15
B TaBpoBbix ceBeHHBX njiHTa , pacnojioJkeHHan y MeHee oKaTofl

HJIH y pacTHHyTOH rpaHH , yqHTbiBaeTCH no npHMenaHHio 1 K n 253
ECJIH CHJia N n p npnjio>KeHa MeK y TOHKBMH npnjnmeHHH ycHjmn
^
B apMaxype A H Ah , A , TO AOJI >KHO 6biTb y oBjieTBopeHo AonoJiHH-
TeJibHoe ycJiOBHe
^
Nnpe M . RtP So + RaSa
3Aecb Nnp —— ^ ^^
OKHMafoman npo ojibHan CHJia , npHHHMaeMaa no n 2fM ,
M. H3rH 6afoin, HH MOMCHT OT paclieTHOH narpv 3KH CO6 CTECH -
Horo aeca ,
S6Nnp — CTaTHneCKHH MOMCHT TUIOIIia H
^ OKaTOH 30Hbl
eeqeHHH
6eTOHa FQ OTHOCHTeJIbHO TOHKH npH ÎO /KeHHH CHJlbl N np ,

So , S 0 — CTaTfjnecKHe MOMenra Been pa 6onefl njioma H nonepen -
^
noro ceneHHH SeTOHa ( BhicoTofi h 0 ) oTHOcHTeJibHo ueHTpa
Sa ,
S&
Sa
—— TsnKecTH apMaTypbi A' H cooTBeTCTBeHHo A,
CTaTHnecKHH MOMCHT njiom,a;jH OKaTow OHH 6CTOHAF6
^
BbTCOTOH X OTHOCHTejlbHO UCHTpa TH >KeCTH apMaTypbi A' ,
CTaTHHecKHe MOMeHTbi njioma H cetjenna apMaTvpbi
^ A
H A' OTHOCHTe jlbHO ueHTpa THHcecra apMaTyp bi A' n A,
Rt — pacneTHbie conpoTHBjieHHH 6eTOHa , npHHHMaeMbie c yqe
TOM npoHHocra SeTOHa , npeAycMOTpeHHon npoexTOM
-
K MoweHTy co3 aHHn npe BapHTejibHbix Hanpn >KeHHfi ,
^
H c yneTOM yK 3aHHH n 173,
^
^
~ raciieTiioe conpoTHBjieHne fieTOHa npn oceROM c^caTim
^ jfn nnoiua b CGHCHKH rpynnbi apMaTypbi Alu nanp^ racMOu
np
— ^
na nocJieAHeM 3Tane HaTHJKCHHH
94
n p v M e q a II H ?i l H ^ rnCainmift npnniiMaeTCfl co 3HOKOM
MOMOHT M
nmoc B cnymo, ivoiyui on RbPbiBaci pacTHruBaiomwe HdnpHJKennfl B 6eTOiie
30 Hbi , npomiocTb KOTOpon nponepneic /i
2 Lcmi npn pacneTe ceneHiia apMaiypa A ne ywrbiBacTCsi , TO ycjioBue
—
z hQ a oTna aeT
3 B cjiynae ,^ Koryjn cenewie paccMaTpnBaeTca KaK GeTOHHOc, ciaTunecKne
MOMCHTbr n MOMenTbi cm 6epyTC 5i OTHOC iiTe Jib HO cooTBeTCTByroiucn rpaurr
cencHHH
4 npn
pacneie ceneHim c tfonbimiMU sKcuCHTpuciiTCTaMii pncneTnoe
conpoTnB 7eHiie 6eroHa na c arne npnnnMaeicfl c yneiOM y /nsaHiin n 173
5 B pacneTe neoSxo HMO ymiTbiBaib Tpc6oBanmi n 175 ^
.
261 ripn pacneTe na
^npoHHOCTb
ycToftnnBocTb areMeHTOB B CTH- H
AHHX co3,naHH5i npeABapirreTbHbix HanpH >KeHHH , TpancnopTHpoBamm
H MOHTa>Ka y HTbiBaioTCJi npo onbHbie OKHMaioume CHJIH OT pacMeTiioro
^
B03 encTBHH HanparaeMon apMaTypbi Nnp KOTopbie npHHHMaiOTCH noJi^ , -
^
HocTbio HJIH nacTHHHo B 3aBHCiiMOCTH OT nopnAKa HaTflJKeiiHH apMaTypbi
ycHjine N n p onpe eJineTCH no opMY aM 4
a) npn HaTn >KeHHH apMaTypbi Ha ynopbi ^ ^
A in pacneTa ueHTpajibHo H BHeticiiTpenno OKarax ceneHHH c Ma
^ -
JlblM SKCUeHTpHCHTeTOM (S 6 0, 8 ) >- 50
^Vnp “ (T
( [!K ' "
tfcii ) FH f ( O HK
“
'
^ )
II F H»
A«nn pacneTa ceneHHft c OAHHOHIIOII apMaTypoft Aa , a Taione

ceneHHH c ABOIIHOH apMaTypoft npn 6oJibixmx 3KcueHTpHCHTeTa \
(S6 < 0, 8 S0)
Vnp — ( ^ IIK ’
ffn H ) Ffl ;
6) npn o HOBpeMeHiioM HaTjtffceHHH Been apMaTypbi Ha 6CTOII
^ N np " O' HK FII -|- CTHK FH ,
naMH
B) npn HaTH >KCHHii apMaxypbi na 6CTGH nccjicAOEaTCJibiio rpyn -
AJia pacneTa ueHTpanbiio OKarax H BHeuoHTpeimo ORarax
c MajibiM 3i< cueHTpHCHTeT0M ceueiiHii (Sc ] > 0
0 ,8 S )
Nnp = ( ow — nn aCH ) ( F „ ) ^ Fn
IlK 0n (z
*
1
H fu ) 1 "“ 0 HK fH ,
RJM pacneTa ceneiinft c OAHHOHHOII apMaTypoft AHt a Taioive
A ^ n ceneHiift c BOHHOH apMaTypoft npn 6oTbiunx SKCueHTpncirreTax
(S6 < 0 ,8 So) ^
Nnp ( CHK“
On — OCH ) { FH fu ) 1
'' fH I
""
^ / HK H>
TAO OHK H — npeABapHTeJibHue KOHTpoJinpyeMbie npn naTH /KeHHH

Hanpn eHHH B apMaType AUl pacnojio>keHiioft B TOH
^
30He ceneHHH , KOTopan paSoTaeT npn OKcnnyaTamni
Ha pacTH >Kcnne, H B apMaType An OKaTon SOHH ,
ynHTbiBaeMbie c KOjiJxjiHUHeHTOM neperpy 3 KH /z — 1 , 10 ,
oCH — npHHHMaeTCH no n 265 ,
fu H — / H
*
n TiouxaAn cenemiH rpynnbi apMaTypbi An H Atty na
npnraeMoft na nocneAneM STane HaT 5i >KeiiH5i ,
an H an —
/
noTcpn nanpH /KeHim B apMaType A, H A npo iBim - „,

/
^
rniiecn na paccMaTpiiBaeMoft CTHAHH pa6oTH ojieMetiTa
95
262, rip /f pac êre no n 260 DieMeHTOB, o6>KiiMaeMbrx BHeueHTpen -
HO HanpnraeMon apMaTypon , pacnoJio>KeHHon Ha noBepxnocTH deTona
HJIH B OTKpbITbiX KSHaJiaX H He ItMeiOLUeH CBH 3 H C deTOHOM no flJIHHe
9 rieMeHTa , JJO KHO dbiTb ynTeno yBcjiHMeHHe 3KCueHTpHCHTeTa npoAOJib
^ -
HOH cHjibi npe BapHTejibHoro Hanpn >KeHHH 3a cneT Bbirnda sjieMema
^
B ruiocKOCTH / leiiCTBiix MOMENXA B COOTBCTCTBHH C yi< a 3aHHHMH n 186
^
npH BblHHCJieHHH KOS HUHeHTa yBeJIHHeHHH SKCUeHTpHCHTeTa 7]
cHJia /V n p » npHHHMaeMan B cooTBeTCTBHH c n 261 , onpe eJineTCH
c yneTOM HaTHvKeHHH Been ( K B K npHMojiHHeHHon , TaK H HenpHMOJiHHen ^ -
Hoft ) apMatypbi
npn pacnojio>KeHHH apMatypbi B saKpbiTbix Kanajiax 3HaneHtfe
oSaBO^ HOrO 3 KCUeHTpHCHTeTa , BbIHHCJieHHOe B COOTBeTCTBHH cn 186,
^ npHHHMaTbCJi He dojiee pa Hyca HJIH noJioBHHbi Bbicora KaHajia
ROJITKIIO
^
FIpH pacnoJioHceHHH rpynnbi MOIIXHHX nynKOB B O HOM odaBon-
KaHajie
,
^
Hbifl 3KCu eHTpncHTeT npHHHMaeTCH paBHbiM pa3H0CTH BHCOT ^ H KaHajia
nynxa B ruiocbocTH H3nida

CBo6oAHan jjjiHHa BHeueHTpeHHO od>KHMaeMbix SJieMeHTOB onpe e
^ -
jineTCH npoHBBeAeHHeM paccTOHHHH Me > y TonnaMH npHKpenjie -
K
^
HHH apuarypU K 3jieMeHTy ( HJIH TonnaMH , orpaHHHHBaiomHMH npn -
MOJiHHeflHbie ynacTKH apMaiypbi) Ha K03(}x})HUHeHTbi, npHBe,n,eHHbie
B n 205
npH pacHGTe no n 260 3JieMeHT0B c apMaTypofl , pacnoJio>KeHHOH
Ha rioBepXHoCTH deTOHa HJIH B oTKpbiTbix KaHaiax H He HMeiomen npH
cos aHHH npe BapHTeJibHbix HanpH >xeHHH cuenjieHHH c SOTOHOM HJIH
^ HHM B ^
OT eJIbHblX TOHKHX no UJIHHe SJICMeHTa , JXOJHKHa 6bITb cjje -
CBH 3H C
jiana ^
npoBepKa ycTOHHHBocTH B HJIOCKOCTH, nepneH£HKyjiHpHOH njio
-
CKOCTH H3rnda , ban npn ueHTpajibHOMCJKaTHH ( no n 258) , ecjin rnd-
to jyin sjieMeHTa , nan > o6e-
KOCTb ynpeBbimaeT paccMaTpHBaeMoro
KeJie3
TOHHHH , 34,6, a paccMaTpHBaeMoro Kan deTOHHHH , 14 —

.
263 npn HaT5i >KeHHH apMaTypbi Ha ynopbi H npn HajiHHHH cuenjie-
HHH ee c deTOHOM yneT BJIHHHHH npornda BHeueHTpeHHO CHcaToro 3Jie-
MeHTa OT od^ aTHH ne npoH3Bo,HHTCH
264 nPHpacneTax KOHcrpyKUHH H Ha3HaneHHH KOHTpoJinpyeMord
Hanpn >KeHHH a „K H aHK cjie yeT ynHTbiBaTb noTepn npeABapHTejib-
HOTO nanpHHCeHHH ^
3HaHeHHH noTepb npHHHMaioTCH corjiacHo npHJio>KeHHfO 6 K n 110
npn HaTH >KeHHH apMaTypbi Ha ynopbi yuHTbiBaioTCH cjieAyioiUHe
noTepn
K MOMeHTy OKOHqaHHH od>K 3THH deTOHa —
nojioBHHH noTepb OT
pejiaKcauHii Hanpn >KeHHft CTaJiH , noTepn OT ue opMauHH inroBbix aH*
nepenajia ,
^
KepoB , OT TpeHHH nyqKOB B MecTax neperndoB H TeMnep TypHoro
^
nocJie odHCaTHH deTona OT ycajjKH H noJi3ynecTH deTona n nojio -
BHiia noTepb OT pcjiaxcaiUH nanpn K ^HHH CTajin
npn ijar HcciinH apiurypoi Ha deion yniiTbiBaiOTCH noTepn ,
^
96
K MOMeHTy OKOHHaHHH od>KaTHH deTOHa
05>KaTHH UIBOB H OT TpeHHH apMaTypbl o CTeHKH KaHajIOB ,
—
OT £e(})OpMaUHH aHKepOB,
^ ^
cauHM Hanpfl >KeHHH CTajin
—
noc e od aTHH deTOHa OT ycaAKH H noji3yaecTH deTOHa H pejiaK
Hanpn >KeHHH B apMaType, HanparaeMOH Ha ynopbi , a TaiOKe Ha
-
deTOH npH HeoAHOBpeMeHHOM ee HaTaaceHHH , onpeAejinioTcn c yqeroM
CHH eHHa HanpaaceJiH# OT ynpyroro od araa deioHa n yuopoB
^
(CM n 280) ^
IlpH onpe eJieHHH Hanpa >KeHHH B deTOHe CHHateHne HanpajKeHHH
^
B apMaType, HanparaeMOH Ha ynopbi, OT ynpyroro od araa deTOHa He
^
yHHTbiBaeTca npn ycjioBHH BKjnoneHna Been apMaTypbl ( KSK Hanparae
MOH , TaK H HeHanparaeMofl ) B npHBeAeHHyio njiomaAb ceaeHHa
-
.
265 BejinaHHa CHnaceHna npe BapHTeJibHoro Hanpaa eHna B apMa
^ ^ -
Type OT cacama deTOHa npn pacneTe na npoaHocTb (c yaeTOM )
KOSCJ
)HuneHTa neperpy3 KH 0 , 9) npHHHMaeTca paBHon
4 2
a) npH H Taa<eHHH apMaTypbl Ha ynopbi cCH = 3 000 KZ / CM ,
^
d) npn Heo HOBpeMeHHOM HaTa >KeHHH Ha deTOH apMaTypbl , od>KHMae -
^
MOH B npe eJIbHOM COCTOHHHH 30 HbI (CM pHC 14 H 15) ,
^
F B - f n 3 000 KZ / CM 2
, HO He donee 2 500 KZ / CM 2 ,
CTCH
F H
rAe Fu — njiom, a,nbBeen HanparaeMOH apMaTypbl odacHMaeMon 30Hbi

SJieMeHTa , npoaHOCTb KOTOPOH npoBepaeTca ,
—
f u njiomaAb ceaeHHH apMaTypbl, HanparaeMOH Ha nocneAHeM
STane HaTaaceHHa
PacaeTHoe conpoTHBneHHe deTOHa npHHHMaeTca no n 173 c yaeTOM
ero ( aKTHHecKOH npoaHOCTH B MOMCHT odataTHa
^n p H i v r e ^ a H K e n p H orcyTCTBKti s KOHCTPYKHKK axeruieHKZ apMa
Typbl c 6eTOHOM yneT HanparaeMOH apMaTypbl B oKaTOb 30He KOHCTpyxiuiH
-
npoH 3BO,AHTCH B cooTBeTCTBHH c npHMenaHHeM 2 K II 241
.
266 KoHTpojmpyeMoe HanpaaceHHe, 4>HKCHPYeMOe K Kotmy Ha -
TaKeHna apMaTypbl, AOJIJKHO YAOBJIETBOPATB ycnoBHio
AJia BbICOKOnpOHHOH npOBOJIOKH
THK
(
< 0, 65 Rl ,
Ana cTep >KHeBon apMaTypbl
rAe Rn —
HopMaTHBHoe conpoTHBjieHHe apMaTypbl (CM npHJioaceHHe 3)
B KOHCTPYKU,HAX , HC paccHHTbiBaeMbix Ha BbmocjiHBocTb, Hanpa ê -
HHH B apMaType OT coBMecTHoro AencTBHa CHJI npeAnapHTe /ibHoro Ha -
npaaceHHH n HopMaTHBHbix 3KcnjiyaTauHOHHbix Harpy30 K (cyaeroM
noTepb ) lie AOJDKIIH npeBbimaTb cJieAyromnx BennaHH
Aîa BoICOKOnpoHHOH npOBOJIOKH
< a 0J 6 /?S,
Ana cTepxmeBofi apMaTypbl
97
a < 0,8 Rly
TAG RH — HopMaTHBHoe conpoTHBieHHe apMaTypbi (CM npHJio>KeHHe 3)
267. riocjieAOBaTejibHOCTb H npouecc HaTH >KeHHH apMaTypbi AOJUKHU
6biTb yKa3aHbi B npoeKTe KOHCTpyKUKH H ofiocHOBaHbi pacneTOM
B npouecce co3AaHHH npeABapHTejibHbix Hanpfl >KeHHH AOJI >KHO,
KaK npaBHjio , C03AaBaTbcsi KpaTKOBpeMeHHoe noBbimeHHe BejiHHHHbi o „K
B apMaxype m BbicoKonpoHHofi xojioRHOTmiyTOH npoBojiOKH m 10 %
cBepx npoeKTHbix 3HaHeHHH KOHTpojiHpyeMbix HanpflxteHHft c nocjieAyio -
IAHM cHHHceHHeM Hanpfl }KeHHH yKa 3 aHHoe KpaTKOBpeMeHHoe noBbime -
HHe HanpjOKeHHH , noAAepncHBaeMoe He MeHee 5 MUH , AonycKaercH B pac
qeiax He ynHTbiBaTb
-
yKa3aHHyio nepeTH Ky BO3MOJKHO ocyiuecTBHTb 6e3 nocjieAyioiuero
^
CHHH eHHH HanpHJKeHHH (c o6H3aTejibHHM yqeTOM B pacneTax ) RJIH
^
nojiHofl HJIH nacTHHHOH KOMneHcauHH noTepb OT TpeHHH , TeMnepaTyp -
Horo nepenaAa Me>KAy HaTHHyTOH apMaTypon H ynopaMH HJIH RJLH no
BbimeHHH TpeiAHHOCTOHKOCTH ajieMeHTa npH O6HC3THH , TpaHCnopTHpO
--
B3HHH HJIH MOHT3H<e npH 3TOM B pacneTe noTepH OT pejiaKcaunn HanpH
XKeHHH IIpHHHMaiOTCH B ABa pa3a dOJIbHIHMH HX HOpMaTHBHbIX BeJlHHHH
-
(CM npHJiojKeHHe 6) HanSojibinee HanpHJKCHHe B apMaType npn nepe
THHCKe AonycxaeTCH noBbimaTb AJIH npoBOJioKH Ha 10 % H A IH CTep KHe
--
^ ^
BOH apMaTypbi Ha 5 % CBepx pacneTHbix conpoTHBjieHHH , npeAycMOT
peHHbix CTBAHH npeABapHTejibHoro HanpjuKeHHH , 3a HCKjnone
-
-
HHeM XOJIOAHOTHHyTOH npOBOJIOKH c aHKepaMH B BHAe KOJieU CO
UITblpHMH
B PACHET HA HArPy 3KH , AEflCTByWIUHE IIPH MOHTA )KE

H TPAHCnoPTHPOBAHHH
268. npeABapHTCJibHO HanpHXKeHHHe areMeHTbi, pafioxaiomHe OT
BHeuiHefi Harpy3 KH Ha ueHTpajibHoe H BHeueHTpeHHoe paenDKeHHe,
Ha H3TH6 H BHeueHTpeHHoe oxaTHe, a TaioKe 3JieMeHTbi, noABepraeMbie
B npouecce HaTHnceHHH apMaTypbi BHeueHTpeHHOMy o65KaTHio, AOJUKHM
6biTb npoBepeHbi Ha nponHOCTb H ycTOHHHBocTb npn TpaHcnopTHpo*
BaHHH H MOHTaace
269. SjieMeHTbi, noABepraeMbie B npouecce co3AaHHH
npeABapHTejib
HbIX Hanp5DKeHHH BHeueHTpeHHOMy otfxCHTHK), AOJIJKHbl 6bITb npOBe
--
peHbl Ha npOHHOCTb npH TpaHCnOpTHpOBaHHH H MOHT3JK6 B COOTBeTCTBHH
c nn 260, 261 H 173
270. HanpjmeHHH B apMaType H B fieTOHe npn npoBepxe Ha CTOH
KocTb npoTHB o6pa30BaHHH npoAOJibHbix TpeiUHH onpeAejinioTCH no
-
nn 276— 280 cyMMHpoBaHHeM npeABapHTejibHbix HanpajKeHHH B 6eTOHe
c yneTOM noTepb, npoHBHBiiiFXCH K MOMeHTy MOHTanca HJIH TpaHcnopm -
pOBaHHH , H AonojiHHTe bHbix HanpnmeHHH OT coficTBeHHoro Beca KOH
^
CTpyKUHH npn CTponoBKe, nepeB03 Ke H T A
-
CyMMapHbie HanpHHteHiiH HeApJinuibi npeBbimaTb pacnerabix conpo-
THBjieHHH , npeAycMOTpeHHbix
Aîa crpoiiTejibHbix Harpy30 K , c ynciOM
yK 33aHHH nn 266 u 267 ,
98
rPACHET HA BblHOCJIHBOCTb KOHCTPyKUHft
>KEJlE 3HOAOPO >KHbIX MOCTOB flOfl AEflCTBHEM
9 KCnJiyATAUHOHHbIX HArPy 30 K
.
271 ripn pacneTe Ha BbmocjiHBocTb npe BapHTejibHO Hanpn >beH
^ -
Hbix KOHCTpyKi HH HanpnxceHHH B 6eTOHe H HanpnraeMon apMaType
OT 3
^
KcnjiyaTauHOHHoft
Harpy3 KH cyMMHpyiOTCH c ycTaHOBHBimiMHCH
npe BapHTejibHbiMH HanpajKeHHHMH
^
npH BbiHHCJieHHH HanpHHceHHH Hcnojib3yioTCH npiiBe eHFbie reo -
MeTpHHecKHe xapaKTepHCTHKH ceneHHH c KoscjxpHUHeHTOM npHBe/i eHHH ^ .
nx npn
no 18
Ta6 ji
pacneTe H3rH 6aeMbix, BHeueHTpeHHO cscaTUx H BHeueHTpcH -
HO pacTHHyrax
MaeTCH paBHbiM
sjieMeHTOB
Rn
pacneTHoe conpoTHBjieHHe CeTOHa npimn -
Ylpu Bbi6ope BeJiHHHHbi
pacneTHoro conpoTHBjieHHH apMaTypu cjie
yeT pyKOBOACTBOBaTbca yxasaHHHMH n 162
-
^ .
272 HandoJibrnaH BeJiHHHHa pacTHrHBaiomHx HanpHxceHHH B npeA -
BapHTeJibHO HanpHxceHHOM SeTOHe npH pacneTe Ha BbiHocjiHBocTb He
oJixcHa npeBbimaTb BeJiHHHHbi pacneTHoro conpoTHBjieHHH 6eTOHa Ha
^
pacTHHceHHe Rp no Ta6 ji 20
273 . npn
pacneTe Ha BblHOCJIHBOCTb H3ni6aeMbix sjieMeHTOB BejiHHHHH
HanpHxceHHH B 6eTOHe H B apMaType no/ j Harpy3KOH c yneTOM ycraHo -
BHBHIHXCH npeABapHTe bHbix HanpHxceHHH onpe eJinioTCH no (f )opMyjiaM
a) £JTH apMaTypw
^ ^
max aH = aHl <xHn + + HB >
a
mm aH = max <yH — 0BB ,
6) SeTOHa pacTHHyToft rpaHH

max o6 = o6 t
min GQ max G $
——
G6 n ,
0 gB,
r e crHn
^ H aen — HanpjDKeHHH B apMaType H B 6eTOHe OT HopMaTHB
HOH nocTOHHHon Harpy3KH ,
-
0HB H
,
06B —, — HanpSDKeHHH OT HOpMaTHEHOH BpeMeHHOH Harpy3KH ,
ycTaHOBHBiiiHecH npe BapHTe ibHbie HanpjoKeHHH
0H H 06
^
B apMaType H 6eTOHe nocjie nponBjieHHH Rcex no
^ -
Tepb c yneTOM yK 33aHHH nn 276, 277 , 279, a Taime
npHJIOHCeHHH 6
CHHxceHne npe BapHTeJibHoro HanpHJKeHHH apMaTypbi OT ynpyroro
^
o6>KaTHfl SeTOHa onpe eJineTCH no n 280 c yneTOM Bcex noTepb, yxa -
^
3aHHbix B npHjiOHteHHH 6 (3a HCKjiioneHHeM noTepb , KOMneHcnpyeMbix
B npouecce HaTHJKeHnn )
274 Hpn oAHOBpeMeHHOM c6>KaTHH 6eTOHa Ecen nanparaeMOH
Ha ynopbi apMaTypofi CHH >KeHHe HanpHJKeHHH B HUI OT ynpyroro
Q 6 MCLTHH OeTona 0 0 onpe ejineTCH no (})opMyjie
^ ^
0yO —^
1
99
rAe nx — oTHorneHHe
K uojiyjiK)
MOAYJIH ynpyrocTH
HanparaeMon apMaTypbi
yaeTOM ero npoHHoexH ,
ynpyrocrn deTOHa c
npGAyCMOTpeHHOH npOeKTOM RJIH MOMeHTa o6)KaTHH ,
06 — cpeAHee Hanpa >KeHHe B 6eroHe Ha ypoBHe ueHTpa THJKCCTH
paccMaTpHBaeMofl HanparaeMoft apMaTypbi , Bbi3biBaeMoe Ha -
THHceHHeM Bcefl apMaTypbi c yneTOM noTepb
onpeAeJieHHH HanpaaceHHH B deTOHe c yaeTOM npHBeAeHHoro
ripH
cenemia cHH eHHe Hanpn eHHH B apMaType OT ynpyroro odataiHa de
^ ^ -
TOHa He ynHTbiBaeTCH (CM n 264)
15 PACHET no <POPMyjiAM conpoTHBjiEHHH ynpyrnx

MATEPMAJIOB
275. PacneT no (JjopMyjiaM conpoTHBjieHna ynpyrux MaTepHajios
npOH3BOAHTCH
a) npn onpeAejieHHH npeABapnTeJibHbix Hanpaa<eHHH H noTepb,
6) npH H3rOTOBJieHHH , TpaHCnOpTHpOBaHHH H MOHTaJKC,
B) Ha TpeUI HHOCTOH KOCTb ,
r) Ha BbIHOCJIHBOCTb (&JIH JKeJie3HOAOpO>KHbIX MOCTOB) ,
A) Ha rjiaBHbie H cKajibiBaiomHe HanpHaceHHH
BbmHCJieHHeM Hanpa >KeHHH , KOTopbie He AOJUKHH npeBbimaTb COOT
BeTCTByK)IH,HX paCHeTHbIX COnpOTHBJieHHH
-
276 Be HHHHbi npeABapHTejibHoro HanpaKeHna B 6eTOHe no
^
KpaftHHM rpaHHM ceneHHa (dojiee oKaTofl ) n 0g ( MeHee CJKaToft
HJIH pacTflHyTofl) onpeAeJiaiOTCH no (JiopMy aM
^
^FQ
np _ Nnp £ x y
<*6 = n
j
16 n ’
' N np iVnp exy'
06 == ’
F 6n hn
rAe Nnp — paBHOAencTByromaa npoAOJibHbix ycnJinn B HanparaeMoft
apMaType (CM n 277 ) ,
— .
SKcueHTpncHTeT paBHOAeflcTByioui eH npoAOJibHbix ycHJiHH
B HanparaeMofl apMaType oTHOCHTCJibHo ueHTpa TamecTH
npHBeAeHHoro ceneHHa ,
y H y —1
paccToaHHa OT ueHTpa TaacecTH npnBeAeHHoro ceaeHHa
AO cooTBeTCTByioiuero BO OKHA deTOHa ,
^
ron H 16 —a nriomaAB H MOMeHT HHepixHH npHBeAeHHoro ceneHHa
sjieMeHTa , onpeAeJiaeMbie no noJiHOMy ceneHmo deTOHa
( BKjnonaa ceaeHHa KanaxoB ) H njiomaAH ceaeHHa Been
HMeiomefl cnemienm c deTOHCM npoAOJibHon HanparaeMOH
H HeHanparaeMon apMaTypbi, yMHOJKeHHon Ha oTHoineHHe
MOAyjien ynpyrocra apMaTypbi H deTOHa , B KOHCTpyx
HHHX C HaTa enneM apMaTvpbi Ha deTOH pacaeT Ha
-
^
craAHHA padoTM KOHCxpv^ uHH de3 cuemeHHa Hanparae -
Mofl apMaTypbi c deTOHOM BeAeica no FQo n f 6 o (c yne -
100
TOM ocjiaSjieHHfl 3aKpbitbiMH H otKpbiTbiMH KanaJiaMH) ,
ecjui MacTH fieTOHHoro ceneHHH BbinoJmeHbi H3 dtTOHOB
pa 3HOH npoHHocTH ( HanpHMep npn pacnojio>KeHHH apMa -
rypbi B orwpbirax Kanajiax , B djieueHTax c KOM6HHH -
P0B3HHbIMH Ce eHHHMH H AP ) , T0 HX TaiGKe npHBOA T
^ ^
K 6eTOHy OAHOH nponnocTH c yneTOM oTHomeHHH MO/ jyjieft
ynpyrocTii deTona Ha oxaTHe
npHMeuHne B tjiopMyjiax Hanpnx< eHHH npHHHMaiOTCH co CBOHMH

SHanaMH , npH STOM
HH5I 3H3K ITJIIOC
cjKdTHfl npHHHMaefcn 3HaK MiiHyc, a AJIH pacTflxce -
277 PaBHO encTByiom.yio npojiojibHbix ycHjmfi B HanparaeMofi
^
BepxHeft H HHJKHCH apMaType ( pnc 16) paccMaTpnsaiOT Kan BHern -
HJOIO cHJiy, oC HMaiomyio ( B odmeM
^
CJiynae BHeueHTpeHHo) no THoe npnBe f H HK - ^ ^
^ eHHoe ceneHHe H paBHyio
Nnp = F H 0HK
FH 0HK
U
__
.
flwu « 2L
' * f
SKcueHTpncHTeT cnjibi Nnp OTHO - cevemiR
fffn Qj
CHTejibHo ueHTpa THH<ecTH npnBe eH
^ - x
i
Horo ceneHHH paBeH
l
F H t?HK y H F H oHK yH
ex — N np Puc 16
r#e yH H yH
— paccTOHHHH OT ueHTpa Tn Kecra npHBe eHHoro ceneHHH
^
Ao paBHOAeficTByromefi ycHJiHfl B apMaType cooTBeT ^ -
CTBeHHO AB H AH ( CM pHC 16),
0[I K H 0HK HanpHjKeHHH B apMaType, npHHHMaeMbie B 3aBHCHM0
cm OT cTa paccMaTpHBaeMoft
padora sjieMeHTa
-,
ycJioBHH HaTHKeHHH apMaTypbi H BejmnHHbi noTepb ^
npn
HaTHXceHHH apMaTypbi Ha deTOH Hanpn eHHH B deTOHe
^ onpe-
flejimoTCH c yueTOM ocjiadjieHHoro ceneHHH
npHMeqaHne npH KPHBOJIHHCHHOM pacnojiojKeHHH HanpHraeMofl

apMaTypbi SHaneHHH a HK H a COOTBeTCTBeHHO yMHOXCaiOT Ha COS & H cosa ',
W a H a' yrjibi HaKjiOHa HanpflraeMon apMaTypbi K npo ojibHofl OCH
s eMema
^ ^
278 npH . H3MeHeHHH B npouecce
pHHecKHX xapaKTepHCTHK ceneHHii HanpaxceHHH B KOHCTpyKUHH
H3roTOBjieHHH H MOHTanca reoMeT -
onpe-
^CTa
ejiHioTCH cyMMHpoBaHHeM HanpHHceHHH UJIH Bcex npejunecTBypomux
HH padora
OT npHJio>KeHHbix ycHjmn , coxpaHHiomHX cBoe eflcTBHe
^
flo paccMaTpHBaeMOH era HH ^
. ^
279 HanpnHceHHH B apMaType oi nocTOHHHofi H BpeMeHHofi Harpy -
30 K onpeAejinioTCH npH HajiunnH cuenjieHHH apMaTypbi c deTOHOM no
JjopMyjie conpoTHBJieHHH ynpyrHX MaTepnajioB
(
0I I P + 0 = î ( ^6n + <*6 ),
Hb B
101
rAe aHn H CTHB - — Hanpn >KeHHn B apMatype OT
ycnjiHH npeABapnieJibHoro HaTHHceHHn ) H BpeMeHHofl
nocToHHHoft ( xpoMe
Harpy30K ,
Oon H G 6 B —
HanpH >KeHHH B 6eTOHe OT Tex >Ke Harpy 30 K ,
nx —
oTHomeHHe MOAyJiefl ynpyrocTH apMaTypbi H 6eTOHa
.
280 B KOHCTpyKAHHx c HaTH eHHeM apMaTypbi Ha fieTOH npH H 3TH
^ -
HceiiHH apMaTypbi B HecKOJibKO 3TanoB cHH eHHe npeABapHTejibHoro
HanpHH<eHHH B apwaType , HaTHHyToft paHbme, onpeAejiaeTCH no ( )opMyjie
^
J
oyo — nx Aa z ,6
r e tix
^ —OTHomeHHe uojxynn ynpyrocTH HanpnraeMofi apMaTypbi K MO
Ayjno ynpyrocTH 6eTOHa c yneTOM ero nporaocin , npeA >
-
-
CMOTpCHHOH npOCKTOM AJIH MOMeHTa o6>KaTFH ,
—
A a © cpeAHee Hanpn >KeHHe B 6eTone Ha ypoBHe ueHTpa THJKecTH
apMaTypbi, Bbi3 biBaeMoe HaTHJKeHHeM OAHOTO nyqna HJIH
CTEPHCHH c yneTOM noTepb o4 H G6 ,
2
—HHCJIO apMaTypHbix aJieMeHTOB, HaTHHyTbix notjie Toro
apMaTypHoro 3JieMeHTa , KOToporo onpeAeji eTcn noTepn ^
Hanpn >KeHHH
.
281 GreHKH H3rn6aeMbix 3JieMeHT0 B, noMHMO pacneTa Ha npOHHOCTb
—
no nn 246 249 , AOJIJKHH Curb npoBepeHbi no rjiaBHHM HanpflHteHHHM
rjiaBHbie c >KHMaioiii,He 0rc H rjiaBHbie pacTHrHBatomHe Grp Hanpn -
Hs.eHHH B H 3 rn 6 aeMbix 3JieMeHTax onpeAejinioTCH no (JiopMyjie
r
Or JI —
0 rc
= [K + ^) ± 2VK - a/ + 4 t i < /Rrcn
, 0 rp
My
C
< ? rpn’
rAe ox = 06 =f l
Jn
cyMMapHan BejiHHHHa HopMajibHoro HanpnKeHHH
B 6eTOHe BAOJib OCH
MOM BOJIOKHe,
ajieMeHTa B paccMaTpHBae -
0y —
npeABapHTejibHoe HanpnxceHHe CJK 3THH B SeTOHe,
co3A3HHoe HanpnraeMbiMH xoMyTaMH B HanpaB -
JieHHH , HOpMaJIbHOM K npOAOJIbHOH OCH 3JI6*
MeHTa ,
—
a61 ycTaHOBHBineecH npeAeapHTejibHoe Hanpn >KeHHe
B 6eT0 He B paCCM 3TpHBaeM0M BOJIOKHe,
—
M H 3rH6aK)IAHH MOMeHT nOA HOpM3THBHOH Harpy3
KOH ( c yneTOM ABHaMHHeCKOrO KQ 3(j)(j)HUHeHTa)
-
CKajibiBaiomne HanpJDKeHHH onpeAejinioTCH no (JjopMyjie
_ QS Q n» S
Xc
^ ~ ~
bi =
^F
bl <R CK>
m tc — cyMMapHoe 3HaneHHe CKajibiBaiomero HanpHJKeHHH

B paccMaTpHBaeMOM ceneHHH ,
—
Qnp = 2 s i n a —
Q nonepeHHan CHJia OT BHeuiHeH Harpy3 KH ,
nonepennan CHJia , B03HHKaioman npn npeABapn -
^ TejibHOM HanpHJKeHHH KpHBOJiHHeHHOH apMaTypw,
3a BbineTOM noTepb,
102
S H /
— CTaTHqeCKHft MOMettT M MOMeHT MHepUHH npHBe eH
Horo ceqeHHH npn pacneTe Ha BHeuimoio narpy3Ky
c yweTOM ocjia 6;ieHHH ceqeHHH KaHajiaMH, ecjm
^ -
TaKHe HMeioTCH B MoMeHT HaT 5? >KeHHH apMaTypbi ,
RCK — pacqeTHoe conpoTHBjieHHe 6eTOHa CKaJibiBaHHio
npH H 3rn 6e ,
Rr * n H Rrpn — pacneTHbie conpoTHBjieHHH 6eT0Ha npw pa6ote Ha
rjiaBHbie OKHMaioiune H TJiaBHbie pacTHniBaioiUHe
Hanpn >KeHHH
.
282 B npe/ jBapHTeJibHO Hanpn >KeHHbix >Kejie3o6eTOHHbix H3rn6aeMbix
SJieMeHTaX C KOMSHHHpOBaHHbIMH eeqeHHHMH AOJIHCHbl npOBepHTbCH
HanpHHceHHH no n ocKOCTH conpJUKeHHH HeHanpnraeMoro H npeABapn
^ -
TejibHO HanpHHceHHoro fieTOHa , a TaK >Ke rjiaBHbie pacTnrHBaioiUHe Ha -
npn >KeHHH B HeHanpnraeMOM SeTOHe llpH STOM CKajibisaioiUHe H niaB -
Htie HanpHHceHHH B npe BapHTeJibHO HanpHnceHHOM OeTOHe onpe e
^
JIHJOTCH CyMMHpOBaHHeM HanpH >KeHHH 4JIH pa3HbIX CTa HH padOTbl KOH
-
^-
CTpyKUHH ^
16 PACMET
283. PacneT
no BTOPOMy nPEflEJlbHOMY
no AE ^ OPMAUH 5IM
cocronme no
C0CT 051HHK)
—
Ae opwauHHM H3ni6a -
eMbix
^ Ha
npe nBapHTenbHo HanpjDKeHHbix
,
npe bHoe
>Kejie3o6eTOHHbix KOHCTpyKUHii ^ -
MH pa3 eJia I
.^
^
npOH3BO,HHTCH nO BeJIHMHHaM Ae OpMaiXHH B COOTBeTCTBHH C yK 33aHHH
284 llporH6bi, yrjibi noBoporoB H BbirH6 SJieMeHTOB KOHCTpyKUHH

onpe ejinioT no (})opMyjiaM cTpoHTeJibHofl MexaHHKH OT HeBbiroAHefimeft
^
Harpy3KH c yqeTOM ncecTKOCTH B 1 3 Jieuema (npH OTcyTCTBHH TpeiUHH
B 6eTOHe) , onpeaejineMoft no (popMyjie
Bi = 0, 85 EQ 16 n ,
——
rAe EQ MOAyJit ynpyrocTH 6eT0Ha ,
I 6 n MOMeHT HHepann npHBeACHHoro ceneHHH c yneTOM HanpH -
raeMon H HeHanpnraeMou apMaTypbi
.
285 B KOHCTpyKUHH c apMaTypon , pacnojioHceHHofl B oTKpHTbix
KaHa ^ ax , npH noAcneTe MOMeHTa HHepunn npHBeACHHoro ceqeHHH IGn
yqHTbiBaeTCH Becb SeTOH , B TOM qncjie H yKjiaAbiBaeMHH nocjie HaTHJKe
HHH apMaTypbi ripn BTOM MOMCHT HHepuHH BbinncJineTCH RAX ceqeHHH ,
-
npHBeACHHoro K npeABapHTeJit> HO o6>KaTOMy 6eTOHy
17 PACHET
.
no TPETbEMy
HA
npEflEJIbHOMy COCTOtfHHFO
TPELUMHOCTOftKOCTb
286 FIpeABapHTeJibHO HanpnHceHHbie ( pacTHnyrne, BHeueHTpeHHO
—
pacTHHyTbie, H3rH 6aeMbie H BHeueHTpeHHO c>KaTbie c OojibuiHM 3KcueH
TpHCHTeTOM npOAOJIbHOH CHJIbl) 3JieMeHTbI H KOHCTpyKUHH AOJI /KHbl 6 bITb
-
paCCHHTaHbl Ha CTOHKOCTb npOTHB o6 pa 30 BaHHH TpeiUHH no eeqeHHHM,
HopMajibHbiM K npoAOJibHon OCH ajjeMeHroB , Ha BCC \ craAHHx HX pa -
103
doTbi, a npOTHB o6pa 30 BaHHH npoAOJibiibix TpenjHH npH C03AaHHH
npe BapHTejibHbix Hanpn /KeHHH n uomame JXJIN npoBOJioHHoft apMa
— -
^
Typbi AO^KHbi BbinojiHHTbCH TpedoBaHHH n 168
.
287 npn pacneTe Ha TpeiUHHOCTOHKOCTb onpe eJieHHe HopMajibHbix
^
HanpHH< eHHH B deTOHe npon3BOAHTcn no cjx) pMyjiaM conpOTHBjieHHH
ynpyrnx MaTepnajioB (CM n 167)
flpe BapHTejibHbie Hanpn >KeHH5i onpe ejimoTCH c yneTOM noTepb,
^
npOHBHBHIHXCH B paCCMaTpHBaeMOH CTa HH pafiOTH BJieMeHTa , B COOT ^ -
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pyKUHH H CTa HH ee padora AOJDKHbl npHHHMaTbCH B COOTBeTCTBHH
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288 B KOHCTpyKunnx , apMHpoBaHHbix ropHHeKaTaHon cTepatHeBOH
apwaTypon , AonycxaeTCH noHBJieHne HopMajibHhix pacTHrHBaromnx
HanpHx< eHHH B npe BapHTejibHo odjKaTOM deTOHe 30 HH, padoTaiomeft
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290 B 6eTOHe 30Hbi, pa6oTaioin,eH OT BHeuiHnx Harpy30 K Ha OKame
H paccHHTbiBaeMOH Kax >Kejie3o6eTOHHaH , MaKCiiMajibHbie pacmrHBaK>
105
mne HopManuibie nanpn >KeHHH He AOJDKHBI npeBbimaTb pacueTHoro co -
npoTHBjreHHH OeTona iia pacTH >KeHHe R f > J 7
B cjiynae, Kor a paccMaTpimaeMan 30 Ha ceneHPn paccHHibiBaeTcn ,
^
KaK 6eTOHHan , pacTflrHBaioiUHe Hanpn >KeHHH B HCH He AonychaioTCH ,
3a HCKJiioHeHHeM KOMOHHHpoBaHHEix ceneHnn , paccHHTbiBaeMbix c yne -
TOM yK 33aHHH n 294
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291 B CT 3RKHX C03 aHHH npeAEapHTCTbHblX HanpHJKeHHH , Tp 3H
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npH 3Kcn yaTauuH Ha oKaTne, AOJIJKHBI 6 biTb
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niBaKHnee ycnjine BocnpHHHMae f CH HeHanpnraeMOH apMaTypon
He fiojiee HopManiBHoro conpoTHBxeHHH SeTOHa pacTHJKeHHio /? p »
—
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Horo COHpOTHBJieHHH 6eTOHa paCTH >KeHHK) Rpn

—
He 6o;iee pacueT -
B 6eTOHe UIBOB KOHCTpyKUHH , cocTaBHbix no jiHHe , pacTHrnBaio
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mne HopMaJibHbie HanpH eHHH HH Ha KHKOH cia HH pa6oTbi He Aony
^ ^ -
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n p R M e u H H e n p w HanecHOH cdophe B npoueece MOHTajRa B 30 He,

cxvaToii npH jno6 bix coneTaHHHx ^ KcnjiyaiaUHOinibix HaipvaoK , woryi 6 biTb
onymeHbi pacTarnBaiomiie Hanpfl >KeiiHH B uiBax , HO He 6ojiee 0 , 5 /? ”
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292 JXJISL npeAOTBpameHHH B03HHKH0 BeHHH npoAOJibHbix TpeiUHH
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cyMMapHbie oKHMaioiUHe Hanpa >KeHHH B 6eTOHe OT naTH >KeHHH apMa -
Typbl H AOnOJIHHieJIbHbIX yCHJIHH , B03HHKaK)IAHX npH MOHT3>Ke H Tp 3H -
CnOOTHpOBaHHH, OrpaHHiJHBaiOTCH BeJIHHHHOH
Rl A IH 9JieMeHT0B, KOTopbie npn npeABapHTejibHOM HanpjoKe
^ -
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.
OT HanpHH<eHHH y 6o nee c >KaTOH rpaHH oM a K C HJIH ecjin
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paCTHHceHHe ,
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Rhp A n sjieMeHTOB, KOTopbie npn npeABapHTeJibHOM Hanpn >KeHHH
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ecjin HanpH >KeHHe cfMHnl
>
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< 0 ,3, Be THHHH 3
pacneTHoro conpoTHBjieHHH 6eTOHa npHHHMaeTCH no HHTepnojiHUHH

flpH 3TOM AOJi >KHbi coOjnoAHTbCH TpefioBaHHH n 370 no nonepeuHOMy
apMHpoBaHHio oSKHMaeMoro nonca
npiiMeianne Bnpe
^ b £o pa 3pa 6oTKH cneuwa ^ bHbix TexHH ecKHx
^
yK 33aHHH Ha OCHOBe SKCnepHMeHTaJlbHblX HCCJie OBaHHH , yHHTbIBatOmHX KOH
^ -
CTpyKUHJO H TeXHOJIOrHK) 113 rOTOBJieHHH 06 >KHMaeMblX SJieMeHTOB , paCHeT HX
npOH 3BO IITCJI 6e 3 BBeAeHHH K 09 ( )( ) HUHeHTa yCJIOBHH paSOTbl m 2
JJ
293 . ^
BejiHHHHa
ycnoBHoro pacTHriiBaiomero Hanpn >KeHHH CeToHa
OMOHOJiHHHBaHHH HaupHraeMOH apMaTypbi B oTKpbirax KaHaJiax Ha ypoB -
106
He BueuiHefl rparni iie Aormna npeBbimaTb 25 % OT ero KY6HKOBOH
npo ^ HOCTH H 90 he!CM 2
IIpii 3 IOM Gbirb BbiriojnieHbi TpefioBdHiiH no ofiecne^ eriHio

IJI /KHBI
cuemeHHH H coBMecTHou paSotbi 6eTOHa oMOHojiHHHBaHHH c npe Ba -
pmeJIbHO HaiipHd< eHHbIM OeTOHOM
^
.
294 BejiiinnHa ycjioBHoro pacTHTHBaioiuero HanpsmeHHH B HeHa-
npnraeMOM 6eTone KOM6 iiHHpoBaHHoro ceneHHH B ypoBHe njiockocTH
conpiiyKeHHfl ne oJi /KHa npeBbimaTb
^ —
B cruiomiibix npniuoyrotibHbix ceneHHnx 3 p,
B TaBpoBbix , EyiaupoBbix H B Kopo6 naTbix ceneHHHx
^
^
27? p —
.
295 npn pacneie Ha TpeiuHHocToftkocTb KOM6HHHpoBaHHbix cenc-
HHH BjiHHHHe ycaAKH HeHanpn KeHHoro 6eTOHa Ha pa6oTy ceneHKSi
flonycKaerca He ymiTbiBaTb
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KOHCTPyHPOBAHHE
A OBIUHE KOHCTPVKTHBttblE TPEEOBAHMH

18 OCHOBHblE nOJIO >KEHH 5I
296. TojimHHa 3JieMeHTOB yKejie3o6eTOHHbix KOHCTpyKUHH AOJOKiia
6biTb He Menee yKa 3aHHofl B Ta6 ji 31
297 Hecyume aneMeHTbi H oTACJibHbie nacTH KOHCTpyKUHH (CTOHKH
H pwrean paM , BeprakaabHbie CTCHKH SajioK H njinra HJIH yiiiHpeHHH
nOHCOB H T n ) AOJDKHbt COnpHTaTbCH 6e3 pe3KHX H3MeHeHHH CeneHHH
CoeAHHeHiiH cdopHbix 3 aeMeHT0 B , pacnojiaraeMbie B MecTax , r e OT
^ -
cyTCTByeT pe3Kaa KonueHTpauHH HanpHHteHHH , AonycKaeTCH BbinojiHHTb
6e3 njiaBHbix nepexoAOB
npn Bbi6ope oHepTanHH 6JIOKOB c6opHbix KOHCTPYKUHH AOJintHa
npeAycMaTpHBaTbCH B03M0JKH0CTb pacnajiyfiKH 6e3 pa 36opKH onajiydKH
HJIH c AeieHHeM ee Ha MHHHMaJibHoe kojmnecTBo Hepa 36opHbix cekUHH
298 06 man H Mecraan ycTOHHHBocTb CTCHOK c>KATBIX , c >KaTO -
H30THyTbIX II ApyrHX SJICMeHTOB KOHCTpyKUHH HJIH KOHCTpyKUHH B Ue -
JIOM (apKH , rjiaBHbie SajiKH 6 ATOHHHX MOCTOB H AP ) , a TaK >KecoBMecTHHJr
pa6ora HX noA AOHtTBHeM BpeMeHHOH Harpy3KH AOJIJKHH 6biTb o6ecne
ueHbi ycTpoficTBOM AHatjiparM HJIH pe6ep >KCCTKOCTH HJIH ApyrHM cno
--
CO6OM, odocHOBaHHbiM pacneTOM YCTPOHCTBO
KOCTH , ne Tpe6 yeMbix no pacneTy , ne peKOMeHAyercn
AHatfipam H pe6ep mecr -
299 BopTOBbie CTCHKH 6ajuiacTHoro Kopbrra , a TaioKe njiHTH H
dopTOBbie dajiKH TpoTyapHbix kOHcojien , cocTaBjmioiUHe OAHO uejioe
c naBHbiMH Hecym,HMH 3jieMeHTaMH npojieTHoro cTpoeHHH H He yuHTbi -
BaeMbie B HX pacneTe, AOJIJKHH HMeTb CKB03Hbie nonepeHHbie pa3pe3bi ,
nepeKpbiBaeMbie H30JiHUHen AJIH ycTpaHeHHH (})H 7ibTpauHH BOABI
300. B npojieTHbix CTpoeHHHX c esAOH noBepxy c BepTHKajibHbiMii
OTAeJIbHbIMH apKaMH , HMeKHUHMH npOAOJIbHbie CBH 3H , p 3CCT05IHHe
Me>KAY OCHMH KpaHHHx apoK AOJIHCHO 6biTb He MeHee V 20 / , a MeJKAy
HapyncHbiMH rpaHHMH apoK ne Menee 3 M IllHpHHa cnjiomHbix >Kejie30
deTOHHbix CBOAOB AOJi >Kiia 6biTb He Menee 3 M
-
4B* 207
T a 6 ;i H u a 34
MHHHMaibH 't S! TOmuHMa KOHCTpVKUIlfl B C M
Ha .aoporax
aBTOMO
HaiiMeHOBaHHe 9 Jic \ iemoB 6 HJJbHblX
>Kejie 3 Hhix H ropoA
CKHX
1 Bepniva^ bHue CTCHKII 6a 'IOK

MOHOJlHIHblX KOIICTpyKUHII 12 12
cSopHbix KoncipyKuiifi npn 6eTOHiipoBaHiui B eepTii
KajibHOM noJiojheHin 12 8
TO >Ke njiauiMfi 12 6
2 nJiHTbi
6ajuiacTHoro Kopbixa 12
Hpoe 3 eH wacTi!
^ 10*
TpoTyapOB
HecteMHbie 8 8
cbeMHbie 6 6
3 CxeHKH 3BeHbeR Tpv 6 ( BKjno ^ aH TpySbi ^ aBoatKoro
H 3 rOTOBJieHH 5 j ) 10 8
4 3 ieM6 HTLi H 3 CTpyHo 6eTOHa 5
5 CTCHKH KOpoG ^ aTbix ceneHHH ueHTpajibno H imeueHT
peiiHO c ^ aTbix dJieMeHTOB , apMHpooaHHbix npo o ^ b
HblMH CiepJKHHMH H oOblKHOBeHHblMH XOMyTdMH ^ 15**
6 flHat}) parMbi H pe6 pa jKecTKocTH 10 10
7 CxeHKfi o6 ojioneK onop npn napy /Know AiraiweTpe B M
0, 4 8 8
0, 6 10 10
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1 , 2 3, 0
4,0 5,0
12
14
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IIJIHT , onepTbix no KOHTypy
** Ho He MeHee 1/15 BUCOTBI ceneHHH
301 . BeTOH
B 30 Hax nepe a H Ha Hero cocpeAOToneHHbix ycnjiHfi ,
^^
B TOM HHCJie H CHJI npe BapHTeJibHoro HanpHJKeHHH apMaTypbi, AOAJKCH
^
6biTb apMHpoBaH npoAOJibHofi H nonepeHHoft apMaTypofi , npeAHa3HaneH -
HOH AAH BOCnpHHHTHH MGCTHblX HanpJDKeHHH
302. HeHanpnraeMyK) apMaTypy c6opHbix H MOHOAHTHBIX KOHCTpyK
UHfl peKOMeHAyeTCH BbinOAHHTb B BHAe KapKaCOB H CBapHblX CeTOK
-
Kapnacbi AOAJKHBI 6biTb >xecTKHMH
FIpHBapKa oTorHyTbix cTepxcHefl , xoMyTOB, pacnpeAeAHTeAbHofi
apMarypbi, Koporame# , npoKJiaAOK H T n K pacTHHyTbiM cTep HHM ^
AonycKaexcH TojibKo, ecjin nocAeAHne BbinoAHeHbi H 3 CTHAH MapoK
BCT 3 HBCT 5, aBSAeMeHTax , HepaccHHTbiBaeMbiXHaBHHOCAHBocTb ,
TaioKe H 3 cTaAH MapoK 25 2C H 35rC r
—
303. 3a3opbi Me>KAy TopuoM npoAeTHoro CTpoeHHH H iiiKa<})HOH
CTeHKOH onopbl HAH M6H<Ay TOpUaMH OpOACTHblX CTpoeHHH AOA >KHbI
npeAycMaTpHBaTbCH ne MeHee 5 CM
108
19 CBOPHblE KOHCTPyKUHH
304. CTHKH H iiiBbi conpHHêHHH OJIHCHU odecneuHBaTb coBMecmyio
^
paSoTy cdopabix sjieMeHTOB H npocTpaHCTBeHHyio padoiy KOHCTpyKUHH
B uejioM, a TaiGKe HeodxouHMyio npouHocTb , HCCCTKOCTB ,Tpem,HHOCTOH
KOCTb , Bo oHenpoHHuaeMocTb H uoJiroBeuHocTb KOHCTPYKUHH B npoeK
--
^
Tax cdopHbix KOHCTpyKUHH HeodxoAHMo npeuycMaTpHBaTb 3anojiHeHHe
Bcex CTbiKOBbix nojiocTen , 3a3opoB, HHUI H HIBOB deTOHOM HJIH pacTBo-
pOM , OMOHOJIHHHBaFHe HJIH HHyHD CTOHKyiO 3aiUHTy MeTaJIJIHHeCKHX 3aK-
Hbix uacTefi , HaxoAHiuHxcn CTbiKe, a TaK > odecneneHHe £e>KHoro
^
jia
CUenjieHHH Me
B Ke
y deTOHOM ( paCTBOpOM) OMOHOJIHHHBaHHH H deTOHOM
Ha
coe ^
HHHeMbix sjieMeHTOB PeKOMeH yeTCH npe BapHTejibHO HanpHJKeH-
^ KOHCTpyuHHx , npaBHJio, a^B KOHCTPYKUHHX
Hbix KaK
B
^ H3 odbiHHoro - xcejie
3o6eTOHa B oxneJibHbix
BapHTejibHoro
uejiecoodpa3Hbix
odxtaTHH CTbiKOBbix HIBOB
cjiynanx npHMeHeHHe npeA -
305. CoBMecraaH padoTa cdopHbix KOHCTpyKUHH , cocTaBjineMbix
H3 OJIOKOB no ajiHHe ajieMeHTa , Ronmna , KaK npaBHjio, ocyiuecTBjin rbca
cnocofiaMH , odecneuHBaiomHMH npe BapHTeJibHoe HanpHHteHHe inBa
TojnuHHa ^
niBa Me>Kuy djioxaMH AOJiJKHa Ha 3HanaTbCH B 3aBHCHM0CTH
OT MaTepnajia 3anojmeHHH (deTOH , ueMeHTHbin pacTBop)
IUBH, aanojiHHeMbie deTOHOM, OJIJKHBI HMeTb TOjnuHHy He MeHee
6 CM ^
LIJIH
ycKopeHHH TBep eHHH 6eTOHa B niBax H yMeHbmeHHH ero yea#
^
KH peKOMeH yeTCH npeuycMaTpHBaTb BnpoeKTenpeABapHTejibHoeod >Ka
--
^
me deroHa B niBax npn ocTHêHHH HM nporaocTH He MeHee 100 KZ!CM 2
^
npH 3TOM HanSojibrnee cxtHMaiomee HanpH >KeHHe B deTOHe He AOJI >KHO
npeBbimaTb 30 % OT ero nponHOCTH
306. B TOHKOCTeHFbIX KOHCTpyKUHH X , COCTaBJIHCMblX H3 djIOKOB
no flJiHHe, Topubi CTbixyeMbix SJIOKOB, padoTaioiune Hac>KaTHe, aojiacHbi
dbiTb ycHjieHbi nocTanoBKOH ceTOK HserajiH HaMeTpoM He MeHee 10 JW W ,
^
ycrpOHCTBOM MeCTHbIX yTOJHUeHHH SJieMeHTOB djIOKa HJIH flpyrHMH
-
cnocodaMH
307. npn HajiHHHii H3 rn 6aioiuero
MOMeilTa B KOHCTpyKUHH abTOUO -
pOJKHbIX H TOpOUCKHX MOC70 B ,
COCT3BTHeMOH nO BbICOTe C6HCHHH
H3 djIOKOB HJIH H 3 djIOKOB H deTOHa
HJIH >KeJie3o6eTOHa , yKJia biBaeMo
^ -
ro Ha MecTe, UOJIJKHBI dbiTb npe y
^ -
cMOTpeHbi MeponpHHTHH no odec-
neneHHK) padora npo oJibHoro
niBa Ha c Biir nocpe cTBOM BH
^ -
^ ^
nycKd BepTHKajibHbix xoMyTOB H
nocTanoBKH odaBOHHbix cTepjKHen
^
HJIH nocTaHOBKH npeABapHTeJibi o
iianpH >KeHHbix xoMyTOB, ycTpoft
CTBa cneuHajibHbix BbicTynoB H
-
109
apyrnMH cnocogaMH IIIOB Me>KAy
SjiOKaMH ojiM eH 3anojiHHTbCH 6e
^ ^
TOHOM HJIH UeMeHTHbIM paCTBOpOM
-
B riJIHTHblX KOHCTpyKUHflX yCT
pOHCTBO UIBOB Me>K£ y 6 jTOKaMH H
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SeTOHOM, yMa biBaeMbiM Ha Mec
^
Te, AonycKaeTCH 6e3 BbinycKOB
-
apMaTypbi , 3a HCKjimeHHeM KOH -
ueBbix ynacTKoB njiHTHbix npo
JICTHBIX cTpoeHHH , rAe BbinycKH
-
apMaTypbi o6fl 3aTejibHbi
.
308 B KOHCTpyKUHHX c6opHbix H uejibHonepeB03HMbix 3jieMeHT0B
AomHbi 6 bixb npeAycMOTpeHbi ycTpoftcTBa , oSecnemBaiomHe HaA«KHoe
TpaHcnopTHpoBanne H MOHTaJK CTponoBOHHbie neTJiH HJIH oTBepcTm % m
MeTpoM AO 20 CM Ann nponycKa cTponoBOHHbix npHcnoco6 jieHHH H AP
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309 MoHTajKHbie coeAHHeHHH cdopHWX >Kejie3o6eTOHHbix sjieMeH -
TOB AonycKaeTCH ocyiuecTBJiHTb c npeABapHTejibHHM HanpHJKeHHeM
B 30 He CTblKa (CTbIKH C npOAOJIbHHM C)6>KaTFeM COeAHHHCMblX SJieMeHTOB
nocpeACTBOM HanpH >KeHHOH paSonefi apMaTypbi , CTHKH Ha KOPOTKHX
hanpn êHHbix nyHKax HJIH 6ojiTax , craKH c nonepeniibiM oOKaTHeM
CTbixyeMbix sxeMeiiTOB nocpeACTBOM CKBOSHOH Hanpn >KeHHOH apwaTypbi
HJIH KOPOTKHX NYNKOB) , a TaKace 6e3 npeABapHTeJibHoro Hanpfl eHHH
(cBapHbie CTHKH BbinymeHHbix H3 SeTona cxajibHbix
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nacTen , CTHKH
cxaKaHHoro THna , cTaJibHbie >KecTKHe CTHKH , ocymecTBjmeMbie CBap -
Kofl HJIH coeAHHenneM Ha SojiTax cTaJibHbix AeTajien , 3a6eTOHHpoBan -
HHX B 3JieMeHTax H npHBapeHHbix K OCHOBHOH apMaType, neuieBbie
CTbIKH ) Hnx COeAHHeHHH npCABapHTeJIbHO HanpflJKeHHHX cCopHbix
SJieMeHTOB H 3 UeMCHTOB H 3 o6 bIHHOrO >KeJie3o6eTOHa 3HaHHTejIbHOH A “
HH peKOMCHAyeTCH npHMCHHTb npeABapHTejibno HanpasceHHHe CTHKH
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apMaTypbi 3BeHbeB Tpy 6 ( icpyroBoii n npo ojibHOH ) , paOcqeii
——
pa 6 oqeft apMaTypbi oacTHHyTbix H ueHTpajibHo c /KaTbix ajieMeHTOB 12
^
apMaTypbi IIJIHT TpoTyapoB, xoMyTOB yimipemifi nojicoB , xoMy
TOB onopHbix yqacTKOB ( TOPUOB) 6 ajioK
xoMyTOB , npo ojibHOii apMaTypbi CTCHOK OajioK , pacripeAejiw
^
TCJibHOH H oSaBOBHOH apMaTypbi n JIHT , apMaTypbi qacTopeO
— 8
^
pHCTbix KOHCTpyKUiiB npoe 3>KeH qacTii , CTepxvHen apMaTyp
HbIX CeTOK nJIHT
— 6
n p H M e q a H i i H 1 JlnaMeTp xoMyTOB Aon ^KeH 6 biTb , KpOMe TOTO n e
MeHee 0, 25 anaMeTpa npo ojibHbix CTep /knen pa 6 oqea apMaTypbi
^
2 OTCTynjieHHH B OT ejibHbix cjiyqaax OT nepeqHcnenHbix HaHMeHbuiHX
HaMeTpoB yKa 3aHbi ^ nyHKTax
^ B cooTBeTCTByiomnx
24 IlPO OJIbHOE APMHPOBAHHE 3JIEMEHT0 B

332. OTorHyrae
^
CTep >KHH pacTHHyTOH apMaTypbi OJDKHH pacnojia -
raTbcn Tan , HTO6H Ha ynacTKax , r,a;e no pacneTy Tpe6 yeTcn nocTaHOBKa ^
OTomyrax CTep >KHeH , B JIJO6OM ceneHHH , nopMajibHOM K OCH ajieMeHTa ,
6bui no MeHbineH Mepe O HH HaKJioHHbin cTepnceHb
^
HaKjioH oTomyTbix cTepncHeft K OCH 6ajiKH AOJi >KeH npHHHMaTbcn
He doJiee 60° H He MeHee 30°
OTTHSHI
cTepxuien no Hbi npoH3 Bo HTbCH no BO3MO>KHOCTH CIIM
^ ^ -
MeTpHHHO OTHOCIITeJIbHO npO OJIbHOfl OCH 6aJIKH
116
^
npiiMeHeHHe OAHHOHHHX H 3 KAOHHHX cTep>KHeH (njiaBaioiUHx) He
AonycKaeTcn AoGaBOHHbie oAHHOHHbie nakAOHHbie CTep)KHH AOAJKHH
6biTb npHBapeHbi K OCHOBHOH npoAOAbHoft pacTHHyTOH apMaType
(CM n 302 ) , npHHeM K Ka >KAOMy cTepxcmo OCHOBHOH apMaTypbi pexo
MeHAyeTCH npHBapHBaTb He OoAeeAByx oTorHyrax crep >KHeH Ha ka >KAOM
-
KOHUe 6aAKH
.
333 OCHOBHOH apMaTypHbiH Kapxac SajiOK KOHCOAbHbix npoAeTHbix
cxpoeHHH B Medax onHpaHHH Ha HHX noAsecHbix qacTeS CAeAyeT 3a
PaAHyc 3arn 6a ropH30HTaAbHbix
-
KaHHHBaTb KOCbiMH cTep >KHHMH
CTep >Kneu B yiviax KOHCojibHoro BbicTyfia AOA >KeH ObiTb He MeHee AByx
AnaMeTpoB CTep>KHeH
.
334 ripoAOJibHyio apMaiypy , pacnoAaraeMyK) B cTeHKax 6aA0 K,
pexoMeHAyeTCH BbinoAHHTb H3 CTep >KHeH nepHOAHHecKoro npoc[)HA 5i
OAHa TpeTb BbICOTbl CTeHkH H yiHHpeHHH nOHCa CO CTOpOHbl pacTHHyTbix
BOAOKOH apMHpyeTCH CTepX HHMH AHaMeTpoM OT 8 AO 14 M M , pacnOAa
^
—
raeMbiMHHa paccTOHHHH 10 12 AHaMeTpOB Apyr OT Apyra Ha ocTaAb
--
HOH qacra BbicoTbi cTeHKH npoAOAbHbie CTep HH AonycKaiOTCH AHaMeT
^
poM OT 6 AO 10 M M c 6oAee peAKHM pacnoAOKeHHeM
-
.
335 BxoAHiime yrAbi He 6oAee 160°, pacnoAo eHHbie B paenmyToft
^
30He 3AeMeHT0B, apMHpyioTCfl cneunaAbHOH apMaTypoft , KOTopan AOAXC
Ha 6biTb 3aBeAeHa 3a Tonxy nepeceneHHH c OCHOBHOH apMaTypoft He Me
--
Hee neu Ha 20 AHaMeTpoBCTep >KHH nonepenHas apMaTypa AOA >KH 3 SbiTb
AOCTaTOHHOH A IH BocnpHHHTHH He MeHee 35 % paBHOAeftcTByiomeH ycn
^ -
AHH BO Bcex npOAOAbHbIX paCTHHyTbIX CTep /KHHX npHBeAHHHHe BXOAH -
mero yrAa 6oAee 160° B pacTHHyToft 30He AOAffiia 6biTb nocTaBAeHa no
nepeHHaa APMATYPAAAH BOCIIPHHHTHH noAHoro paAnaAbnoro ycHAHH BO
-
Bcex pacTHHyTbix crep >KHHX
nepernfibi cxepJKHefi no ovepraiimo BXOAHIUHX yrAOB He Aonyc
KaiOTCH
-
336 B . nAHTax , paccnHTbiBaeMbix xax onepTHe no KOHTypy , pac -
npeAeAeHHe pa6oHeft apMaTypbi AonycxaeTCH npoH3BOAHTb CACAyioiAHM
o6pa30M nAomaAb nAHTbi ACAHTCH B Ka)KAOM HanpaBAeHHH Ha Tpa
noAocbi, H3 KOTopbix KpaftHHe HMeioT HiHpHHy , paBHyio V 4 pa3Mepa KO -
POTKOH CTOpOHbl nAHTbi , B cpeAHeft noAoce apMaTypa CTaBHTCH B KO
AHnecTBe, TpeSyeMOM pacneTOM , B KpaftHHx
—B noAOBHHHOM KOAH
--
necTBe
337. OTTH 6 cTepHCHen paOoneft apMaTypbi nAHT HaA peSpaMH npo
H3BOAHTCH noA yrAOM 30 HAH 45° B ABa npneMa Ha paceroHHHHX V4
-
H l / Q npoAeTa , H 3MepneMbix no cpeAHeft AHHHH Bbicora nAHTbi
x
He MeHee / 4 ( no nAomaAH ceneHHfl) HHJKHeft apMaTypbi nocepeAHHe
npoAeTa nAHTbi H He MeHee Tpex CTepxcHefi Ha MeTp niHpHHbi nAHTbi
AOAHCHO dbiTb AOBeAeHO AO onopbi HAH npoBeAeHO HaA pe6poM B cMexc
Hbin npoAer 6e3 orru6 a
-
.
338 PacnpeAeAHTCAbHan apMaTypa nAHT, paccnHTbiBaeMbix KaK
SaAOHHbie, npHHHMaeTCH AHaMeTpoM He MeHee 6 M M B KOAHHecTBe He
MeHee nerapex erepjKHeft Ha MeTp niHpHHbi nAHTbi
339. B nAHTe, pacnoAO>KeHHoft B pacTHHyTOH 30He 6aAKH H oneproft
no KOHTypy, HO paccHHTbiBaeMon Kax OaAOHHan , B Mecxax npHMHKaHHH
117
ce Kpedpv , npoxoAfliueMy napajineiibHO padoueft apMaType njmrbt,
AorwKiia 6biTb ororHyTa pacnpeAeTHTenbHan apMaTypa HJIH yjio>KeHa
cneuiiajibHan nepneHAHkyjiapHdH pedpy BepxHHH apM 3T \ pa AnaMeTpoM
6
lie MeHee MM B KOJinnecTBe / 3 OT padonen apMarypbi ruiHTbi ApMaTypa
1
3aBo HTCH B Kax<Abift npojieT nJiiiTbi Ha /yiHHy AO / 4 ee pacneTHoro

3
^
npoJiexa
.
340 B 3JieMeHTa \ , padoTaioituix
Ha ueHTpanbHoe cH< aTHe H apMiipo -
B3HHbIX npO OJlbHblMF CTep >KHHMH II odblkHOBeHHblMH X 0 MYT3MH , na
^ -
cbimeHHe ceneHHH npoAonbHoft apnaTypoii AOJi /knococTaBjiHTb Hewei' ee
0 , 4 o H , KaK npasmo , ne donee 3 o nnomaAH ceueHim
° °
.
341 B odononKax npn HaJiiraiH MeTajuiHHecKHX CTHKOB npoAOJib -
Han apMaTypa no KOHixaM cehUHH AOJi >KHa dbiTb npiiBapeHa de3 nepern
6a K CTaJIbHbIM eTaJIHM CTbIKOB AByCTOpOHHHMH UIBaMH
-
^
25 nOIlEPEHHOE APMHPOBAHHE 3J1EMEHT0 B
.
342 XoMyra , ycTaHaBjiHBaeMbie no pacueTy HJIH no KOHCTPYKTHB -
HHM coo6 pa /KeHHHM , jxojnKnhi BMecTe c npo oJibHbiMH CTepH< HHMH odpa
^
30BaTb Kapxac , odecneuHBaroiimft npoehTHoe nojiomenm rJiaBHoft
-
apMaTypbi KOHUH xoMyTOB AOJi >KHbi dbiTb 3aKpenjieHbi Ha padouefi
HJIH MOHTaHCHofi apMaType
B HariifiaeMbix 3JieMeHTax Ka /K bin xoMyT AOJmen oxBaraBaTb B OA
HOM pwy He 6 ojiee ^
nura pacTHnyrax n lie donee Tpex oKaTbix cTep>K‘
-
Heft
.
343 B H3 rn 6aeMbix 3jieMeHTax paccTOHHHe Me>KAy xoMyTaMH , noA -
Aep KHBaioLUHMH pacTHHyTbie CTep >KHH , He AOJDKHO npeBbiuiaTb 50 CM
s
H / 4 BbicoTbi ceneHHH sjieMeHTa B TOHKOCTCHHHX pacTHTHBaeMbix sjie
MeHTax H dajixax BbicoToft AO 30 CM paccTOHHue Me>KAy xoMyTaMH He
-
AOJIKHO npeBbiuiaTb 20 CM
B dajixax aBTOAopo>KHbix H ro-
MOCTOB npH TOJlUtflHe
^
pO CKHX
-
cieHKH AO 12 CM AonycxaeTCH npH
MeHeHHeOAHOCpe3HbIX XOMyTOB
PaccTOHHHeMe>KAy xoMyTaMH , noAAepntHBaioiiuiMH yuHTbiBaeMyio
B pacneTe oxaTyio apMaTypy , He AOJDKHO npeBbiuiaTb 15 AnaMeTpoB
CTep cHH padoneft apMaTypbi
^
Ha Topuax dajiOK 3a onopHbiM ceneHneM Ha ynacTKe A 'IHHOH , paB -
HOH AJinHe 3aAenKH rjiaAKnx CTep >kHeft rJiaBHoft apMaTypbi B deTOHe,
xoMyra AOJI HH ycTaHaBjiHBaTbcn Ha paccTOHHHHx He dojiee 10 CM
^
H HMeTb AnaMeTp He Menee 8 MM
.
344 Kocbie pacTHTHBaiomHe ycHJinn B CTeHKax dajioK AonycxaeTCH
BOCnpHHHMaTb TOJIbKO XOMyT3MH H npOAOJIbHbIMH CTepXtHHMH HJIH CeT
KaMH (T e de3 ycxpoftcTBa OTOTHyTbix CTepjKHeft ) B 3TOM cjiynae BCH
-
npoAOJibHan apMaTypa , BKJiionan ocHOBHyio padonyio apMaTypy , AOJI>K
Ha dbiTb BbinonHeHa H3 CTep >KHeft nepnoAHHecKoro npotfniJiH
-
.
345 npH KpiiBOJiHHeHHOM ouepTHHHH 3JieMeHTa pacTHHyTan npo -
Aonbiian apMaTypa BorHyrax noBcpxnoc'ieft , paBno KaK H oKaTan
118
apMaTypa y -
BbinyKJibix noBepxHocTeft , AOJinuia 6biTb yKpenjieHa xoMy
TaMH Ha paccTOHHHHx He SoJiee 40 CM H He 6oJiee 10 AHaMeTpoB cTep >KHH
paOoHefl apMaTypw
CeneHne hancAOH BCTBII xowyia fx n p n STOM AOJIJKHO 6biTb He MeHee
f x = F —2r ’
'
rAe F IUIOUIAAB ceneHHH apMaTypbi , oxBaTbiBaeMOH OAHHM xoMyTOM,
a
r
—— paccTOHHHe Me /KAy xoMyTaMH ,
paA« yc KpHBH3Hbi 3JieMeHTa
346. B ajieMeHTax , paOoTaiomHx anarae H apMnpo-
Ha ueHTpajibHoe
BaHHblX npOAOJIbHbIMH CTepJKHHMH H oObIKHOBeHHbIMH XOMyTBMH , paC-
CTOHHHe MexcAy xoMyTaMH AOJIHCHO 6 bHb He 6ojiee HaHMeHbmero pa 3Me-
pa noneperaoro ceneHHH ajieMeHTa H He 6oJiee 40 CM
MHCJIO CTep>KHeH , oxBaTHBaeMbix xoMyTOM B OAHOM pHAy , He AOJIJK
HO npeBbiuiaTb Tpex npH paccroHHHH Men<Ay cTepx< HHMH B cBeTy
-
He
6ojiee Asyx AHaMeTpoB crepjKHH , npH paccTOHHHH Mex<Ay CTepxcHHMH
6ojiee Asyx AHaMeTpoB K 3HCABIH crep>KeHb AOJIJKCH 6brrb pacnojioxceH
B MecTe neperH6a xoMyTa
ECJIH HacbimeHHe ceneHHH npoAOJibHofi apMaTypoft npeBbimaeT 3%
pacneTHoro 6eTOHHoro ceneHHH , TO xoMyTbi eraBHTCH Ha paccTon HHHX
He 6ojiee 10 AHaMeTpoB npoAOJibHon apMaTypbi H npHBapHBaioTCH
-
K erep >KHHM HJIH H e BMecTo xoMyTOB AOJUKna ObiTb nocTaBjiena cnHpajib
^
Han apMaTypa
. -
347 yiunpeHHe noncoB H 3rn6aeMbix , cncaTbix H c>KaTO H3orHyTbix
SJieMeHTOB AOJDKHO SbiTb apMHpoBaHo cnHpajibHOH apMaTypofi HJIH 3aM -
KHyTbiMH xoMyTaMH AHaMeTpoM He MeHee 8 MM , pacnojionteHHHMH no
KOHTypy noHca H oSbeAHHHiomHMH npoAOJibHyio pa6onyio apMaTypy
ripn 3HaHHTeJibHOM KOJiHHecTBe apMaTypbi , a Taione B cjiynae, KorAa
HiHpHHa noHca HJIH IUIHTH , B KOTopbix pacnoJiOHceHa apMaTypa , npe -
-
BbimaeT 50 CM , xoMyra cTaBHTCH nerapex H fiojiee cpe3Hbie
XoMyra B noHcax AOJIHCHH ycTaHaBjiHBaTbcn He pence, neM xoMyra
B BepTHKaJIbHbIX CTeHKax
.
348 ripn KOHCTpynpoBaHHH sjieMeHTOB co cnnpajibHOH apMaTypoft
AOAncHbi 6biTb BbinoJiHeHbi cJieAyioiUHe Tpe6oBaHHH
ceneHHe npoAOJibHon apMaTypbi AOJIHCHO cocTaBjiHTb He MeHee 0 ,5 %
nJiomaAH ceneHHH HAP a ,
njiomaAb ceneHHH HApa ajieMeHTa AOJincHa cocraBJiHTb He MeHee
2/ Bcero ceneHHH ajieMeHTa ,
s
mar cnnpaJiH AOJinceH SbiTb He 6oJiee V6 AnaMeTpa HApa H He 6ojiee
80 MM , MHHHMajibHbifl marcnapajin AOJinceH cooTBeTCTBOBaTb HanMeHb -
meMy paccTOHHHio MencAy CTepncHHMH no A HHHM n 320 ,
^
npHBeAGHHoe ceneHHe cnnpajiH AOJIJKHO 6bin> He MeHee ruiomaxu
nonepeHHoro ceneHHH npoAOJibHon apMaTypbi H He AOJIHCHO npeBocxo -
AHTB 3Ty njioma b 6OJIEE HeM B Tpu pa3 a ,
^
ofimaa njiomaAb ceneHHH npoAOJibHon H npHBeAeHHOH cnnpaJibHOH
apMaTypbi Ao «a 6brrb He MeHee 1 % njiomaAH HApa
119
.
349 B 3Benbflx KpyrJibix Tpyd H unjiHH pHHecKHx odojumax BHTKH
^
padOHeft apMaTypbi , pacnoio>KeHHbie co CTopoHH BbinyKJiow H BorHyTon
noBepxHOCTefl , AOJDKHH 6 h\rb cBH 3aHbi cTepnuiHMH HJIH KapKacaMH ,
npe oTBpamaiomHMH cMemeHHe BHTKOB jxpyr oTHocHTejibHo £pyra H
^
CKAJIBIBAHHE deTOHa 3amHTHoro CJIOH CO CTOPOHH BorHyTon noBepx -
HOCTH
26 AHKEPOBKA APMATyPbl
.
350 Bee padorae erep>KHH rjia KOH pacTHHyTofi apMaTypbi AOJIHCHH
^
dbITb CHad >KeHbI KOHUeBbIMH nOJiyKpyrjIblMH KpIOKHMH C BHyTpeHHHM
AHaMeTpoM He MeHee 2, 5 HaMeTpoB cTepncHH HJIH AOJUKHM dbiTb 3a,ne
^
jiaHbi c noMombio TpaBepc H T n CBodo Hbie KOHUBI oTorHyrax niaA
--
^
KHX CTep KHefl , 3aBe eHHbie B cHcaTyio 30 Hy , KOHUH OK 3THX cTepJKHefl
^ ^
H KOHUbi cTepjKHeft nepHO HHecKoro npotjmjiH , odpbiBaeMbix B pacTHHy -
^
TOH 30He, AonycnaeTCH CHadjKaTb npHMMM KPIOKOM Orrad npaMoro
yaacma Kpiona flojiaceH dbiTb AJIHHOH He MeHee Tpex unaMeTpoB .
CTep>KHH
CTepKHH CBapHHX CeTOK H CBapHbrX KapKaCOB BbinOJIHHIOTCH 6e3
KpiOKOB Ha KOHUaX , 3a HCKJHO HHeM TJia KHX CTepJKHeft CeTOK , KOTO
^ ^ -
pbie npe HasHaaaioTCH jyin BOCIIPHHHTHH Mecrabix HanpHHceHHH H #OJI >K
^
Hbi HMeTb noJiyKpyrjibie KPIOKH
-
351 ^ . HJIHHH
3aAejiKH padorax CTepacHefl apMaTypbi 3a MecTOM HX
TEOPETHHECKOTO odpbIBa £OJI>KHbI IipHHHMaTbCfl B COOTBeTCTBH H c
Ta6 ji 35
T a 6 JI H u a 35
MHHHMaJibHan AJIHHH 3a.neJiKH CTepacHefi apMaTypbi ( KOJIHHCCTBO awaMeTpoB)
JXJIB apMaTypbi
YCJIOBHH npH npH HajIU npH OTCyTCTBHH

MeHenHsi ap
Tun ^ HH KpiOKOB
KpiOKOB
CTepHiHefi
MaTypbi
pacTHHy pacTHHy
TO 8 CJKaTOfl TO8 ewarofl
CBapHbie ceTKH u Pjia KHe 20 15

^
FlepHO HqecKoro 15 10
KapKacu
npocjjH ^
Ba 3aHbie rjia KHe 30* 10
KapKacM
ceTKH H
^
riepHOflHMecKoro 20* 10 15** 20
npocfw J1 H
* FIpH ,
H3J1HHHH riOCTOHHHbiX OkHMaHMIUiX yCHJIHfi fleHCTByKMUHX HOpMaJlb*
HO K OCH CTepJKHH , JIHHa 3a eJIKH npHHHMaeTCH paBHOfi COOTBeTCTBeHHO 15 H
10 flnaMeTpaM ^ ^
** yKasaHHan ,njiHHa npHHHMaeTCH TOJibKo B 3JieMeHTax KOHCTpyKUHH , AJISI
KOTophix He yqHTHBaeTCH
—
HHaMH ecKoe AeftcTBHe Harpy 3KH B KOHCTpyKUHHX
^ ^
»eJie 3o6eTOHHbix Tp / 6 He MeHee 20 AuaMeTpOB,
120
ApMaTypy
pacTHHyTbix sjieMeHTOB, He3aBHCHMo OT yKa 3aHHbix Tpe -
SoBaHHH , peKOMeH yeTCH 3aBOAHTb He MeHee neM Ha nojioBHHy Bbicora
^
ce eHHH Toro sjieMeHTa , B KOTOPOM oHa 3aflejibiBaeicH
^ 352. OdpbiBbi cTepJKHeft
peHHO cxtaTbix 3JieMeHTOB,
pacTHHyTofl SOHH H3rndaeMbix A BHeueHT
Kan npaBHJio , AOJi >KHbi 6biTb 3aKpenJieHbi
-
B OKarofi 3one
B HH3KHX dajiKax H njiHTax 3aBeAeHHbie B c>KaTyio 30 Hy OTorHyrae
cTepH< HH ojDKHbi HMeTb npflMOH ynacTOK , napa JiejibHbiH npoAOJibHoft
^ ^
apMaType, JIHHOH , cHHTaa OT KacaTeJibHofl K kpioky , He MeHee 10
^
/UiaMeTpoB JXJIR rvia kHX cTepjKHefi H He MeHee 15 AHaMeTpoB RJIB.
^
cTep >KHeH nepno H ecKoro npocJ)HjiH (de3 ycTpoftcTBa npiOKOB Ha
kOHitax) ^^
B BbicoKHx daAnax npH flJiHHe ynacTKa OTorHyToro erepjKHH , Ha-
xo HmerocH B npe ejiax oKaTofi 3OHH , He MeHee 20 AHaMeTpoB, AO
^
nyckaeTCH He ^
ejiaTb npHMoro ynacTKa , npoAOJibHOH
-
apMaType ^ napajuiejibHoro
HCKJimeHHe, B H3rn6aeMbix H BHeueHTpeHHo cacarax 3JieMeH

Kak
Tax onycKaeTca odpbiB npHMbix pacTHHyTbix cTep >KHefi H 3aAejika
-
^
OTOfHyTbix cTepjKHeft B pacTHHyTofl 30 He B 3T0M cjiynae fljiHHa 3aAeJi -
KH cTep >KHH npHHHMaeTCH no TadJi 35
.
353 OTTHSH CTepxKHefi apMaTypbi AeJiaioTca no Ayre Kpyra pa ny
^ -
COM He MeHee 10 AHaMeTpoB JXJM rjia Kofl apMaTypbi H He MeHee 12
iiaMeTpoB AAH apMaTypbi nepno HHeckoro npocJ)HJiH ^
^ ^
neperndbi CTepncHeft rjia Kofl apMaTypbi H apMaTypbi nepnoAHne -
^
CKOTO npot HJiH B KonueBbix ynacTKax dajioK noA yrjioM 45 H 90° AeJiaioT -
. ^
CH no Ayre Kpyra pa nycoM ne MeHee 3 AHaMeTpoB
^
354 B onopHOM y3Jie 6ajiKH CTepacHK npoAOJibHofi pacTHHyToft
apMaTypbi, npHMHKaroume K COKOBHM noBepxHOCTHM deTOHa , H3 rac/ta
Tex , kOTOpbie 3aBOAHTCH 3a onopHoe ceneHHe, AOJWKHH dbiTb H3orHyTbi
noA yrjioM 90° H npoAOJinceHH BAOJib TOPHOBOH noBepxHocTH 6eTona
onopHoro ceneHHH
OrepHCHH , HaxoAHiAHecH B cpeAHew nacTH deTOHa onopHoro y3Jia,
MoryT 6biTb 3aAejiaHbi B deTOHe de3 oTrnda HX BBepx
.
355 TjiaAKHe CTepJKHH apMaTypbi , KOTopne 33BOAHTCH 3a onopHoe
ce eHHe daJiKH 6e3 oTrnda BBepx , AOJDKHBI HMeTb npnMOH ynacTOK
^
AJIHHOH He MeHee 10 AHaMeTpoB H AOJCKFU 6biTb CHad>KeHbi Ha KOHue
nojiyKpyrjibiM KPIOKOM
FIpHMbiepacTHHyTbie crepJKHH apMaTypbi nepnoAHnecKoro npo(J)HJiH ,
KOTopbie 33BOAHTCH 3a onopHoe cencHne, AOJI ^KHBI HMeTb npHMOH ynac-
TOK AAHHOH ire MeHee 10 AnaMeTpoB de3 ycTponcTBa kpioKa PacnoJio -
>KeHire xoMyTOB AOJDKHO OTBenaTb TpedoBaHHHM n 343
.
356 OcHOBHan npoAOJibHan apMaTypa decuiapHnpHbix apoK HCBO -
AOB AOJiHCHa dbiTb HaAex< HO 3aAeJiaHa B TeJie onop B COOTBCTCTBHH
c pacneôM , HO Ha niydHHy He MeHee
npH npHMoyrojibHOM ceneHHH apKH
B nHTe,
—
nojiyTopnoH BBICOTM ceneHHfl
npH TaBpOBOM H KOpodnaTOM CeneHHHX

ceneHHH B nHTC
—
nOJlOBHHbl BbICOTbl
121
27 CBAPHblE COEAHHEHHJI APMATVPbl
357 CTbikoeaHHe erep >KHeH pacTHHyTofi apMaTypbi -.
AOJDKHO upeflyc
MaTpHB 3TbCH KOHTaKTHOH SJieKTpOCBapKOH B CTbIK MeTOAOM onjiaBjieHHH
^
J onycKaeTCH npHMeHHTb TaK>Ke yroBoft BaHHbiH cnoco6 CTbiKOBa
HHH apMaTypbi ^ -
B oTAejibHbix cjiyuanx AonycxaeTCH CTbiKOBaHne apMaTypbi npH
noMoiUH yroBoft CBapKH B CTHK C HaKJia KaMH (CM n 310)
. ^ ^
358 B cBapHbix kapkacax uiBbi , coeAHHHiomHe npoAOJibHbie cTepK -
HH B BepTHKaJibHOM pn y (cBH 3yioiUHe) , a Taioke uiBbi , npHKpenjiBiouiHe
^
CTep JKHH B MecTax OTTHSOB ( npHKpenJi 5noiu,He uiBbi ) , AonycxaeTCH ,ae
'
-
jiaTb
OAHOCTOPOHHHMH CBH 3yiomHe uiBbi AOJIJKHBI 6biTb pacnojiojKenbi
B MecTax oTriida KOCBIX cTepJKHefi , a Tah >Re B npoMexcyTKax Me>KAy
HHMH Ha paccTOHHHH , He npeBbimaiomeM / 4 BBICOTH 6ajiKH
3
HaHMebbman RJiuna cBH 3 yiomHX UIBOB AOJixtHa 6bm> 6 AnaMeTpoB,
npHKpen HiomHx ^ —
12 AHaMeTpoB , a HaHMeHbman ToJimHHa Tex H
APYRNX UIBOB 4 MM llpn HajioKeHHH AByeropoHHHX cBH 3yiomHX H
npHKpenjiHioiuHX UIBOB HX ;yiHHy Ha ex< HT yMeHbmaTb B Boe
. ^
359 CraJibHbie 3aKJiaAHbie AeTajiH CTHKOB, cBapHBaeMbie apyr ^ .
c ApyroM HJIH c apMaTypoft npu H3roTOBJieHHH KOHCTpyKUHH HJIH ee
MOHT3>Ke, AOJI 3KHM BbinOJIHHTbCH H3 CT 3JIH , OTBeHaiOIIieH Tpe60B 3 HHHM
n 144
360. Ha padouHX qepTexcax AOJIXCHBI 6HTB yKa3aHbi KOHCTpyKUHH ,
pa3Mepbi H CBapHbix CTBIKOB apMaTypbi JXJIK MOH
cnocoS BbinojiHeHHH
T3>KHblX CTbIKOB apMaTypbi >KeJie3o6eTOHHbIX SjIOKOB AOJI5KHBI 6bITb
-
yKa3aHbi TexHOJiorHHecKHH pe?KHM H nopnAOK CBapKH OTAejibHbix
CTep KHefl HJIH npHBapKH HX K 3aKjia£ HbiM nacTHM, npH KOTOpbix oSecne
^
HHBaeTCH HaHMeHbUiaH BeJIHHHHa OCTaTOUHbIX peaKTHBHbIX HanpH >KeHHH
-
B cTepjKHHX H oTcyTCTByeT Bpe Hoe TenjioBoe BjiHHHHe CBapKH Ha 6eTOH
6JIOKOB ^
B OCHOBHblE YKA3 AHHB HO KOHCTPVHPOBAHHtO
3JJEMEHTOB M3 TIPERBAPMTEJIbHO HATJPH )KEHttOrO
MEJIE30 BET 0 HA
28 OB1HHE n 0J10 >KEHHfl
361 . OopMa nonepeHHoro ceneHHH npojieTHoro cTpoeHHH , THIIH
reHepaJibHbie pa3Mepbi HecymHx sjieMeHTOB, pa3Mepbi oT eJibHbix AG
^ -
TaJieft AOJIHCHH fibiTb o6ocHOBaHbi c yneTOM paunoHaJibHoro pa3Mem,eHHH
npe BapHTejibHO HanpHJKeHHoft apMaTypbi H ee aHKepoB, y oficTBa pa3
^ ^
MeiueHHH HaT5DKHbix npHcnocofijieHHH npH HaTHH^ eHHH apMaTypbi nocjie
-
OTBep eHHH 6eT0 Ha H KOHCTpyKUHH 3axBaTHbix npucnocofijieHHH CTCH
^ -
AOB H KacceT npH HaTHJKeHHH apMaTypbi AO 6eroHHpoBaHHH
.
362 B KOHCTpyKUHHX , B KOTOpbix HaCTb CeueHHH SeTOHHpyeTCH
nocjie HaTHx<eHHH apMaTypbi , B
KOHCTPYKUHHX C pacnojio>KeHHeM apMa
Typbi B oTKpbiTbix KaHajiax HJIH BHe 6eioHa (ecjiH apMaTypa ofieTOHHpyer-
-
CH nocjie HaTHHceHHn ) , a Taioxe B KOHCTpyKUHH X , apMHpoBaHHbix npeA -
BapHTeTbHo HanpH >KeHHbiMH sjieMeHTawH , AOJIJKHH 6 birb npeaycMOT -
122
penbi Meportpiuma , o6ecneHH &aK)in, He cueruieHHe H coBMedTHyio pa 6oTy
AonojiHiiTeJibHo yKJia biBaeMoro deTOHa HJIH pac^ Bopa c paHee OTBep*
eBUIHM deTOHOM ^
^ CB5i 3 b Mem y paHee oTBepaeBiHHM H AonoJiHHTejibHo yjio>KeHHbiM
^
deTOHOM HJIH pacTBopoM odecneHHBaeTcn c noiwoiubpo odbiHHon H npe£-
BapHTejibHO HanparaeMOH apMaTypbi , cBapKOH 3aKJia£ Hbix erajibHbix
nacTefl , ycTpoHCTBOM na30 B, rnnoHOK HJIH mepoxoBaTofl noBepXHo -
CTH deTOHa
363. B npe BapHTeJibHO HanpjDKeHHbix KOHCTPYKUHHX onycKaeica
^ ^
npHMeHeHHe pa 3JiHHHbix BH OB npeflBapHTeJibHO HanpH >KeHHOH apMa -
^
Typbl H3 BblCOKOnpOHHblX CTaJieH CTpyHbl H3 npOBOJIOKH nepHO HHe -
CKoro npo< ) HjiH , nyHKH H3 napajuiejibHbix npoBOJioK , CTpyHbi H nyHKH
f ^
H3 ceMHnpoBOJioHHbix npH efl , apMaiypHbie 3JieMeHTbi H3 erajibHbix
^
KaHaTOB 3aBo CKoro H3 roTOBjieHHH , ropaHexaTaHaH cTepjKHeBaa apMa -
^
Typa , HenpepbiBHan apMaTypa H3 npa eft , npOBOJIOKH H KaHaTOB,
^
a TaiOKe >Kejie3odeTOHHbie 3apaHee H3roTOBjieHHbie npe BapHTeJibHO
HanpanceHHbie ajieMeHTbi, npHMeHHeMbie B KanecTBe apMaTypbi , H RP^
Hcnojib30BaHHe apMaTypbi H3 BbicoKonpoHHbix cTajiefi B KanecTBe
HeHanpnraeMOH He onycKaeTCH
. ^
364 CTbIKOBaHHe BbICOKOnpOHHOH XOJIOAHOTHHyTOH npOBOJIOKH ,
npHMeHfleMOH B BH e OT ejibHbix erep >KHeH HJIH npH H3roTOBJieHHH
^ ^
apMaiypHHx ajieMeHTOB orpaHHHeHHOH AJIHHH He nonycKaeTca ripn .
HenpepbiBHOM apMHpoBaHHH onycxaeTCH CTbIKOBaHHe npOBOJIOKH
y3JiOM HJIH c noMoiubK ) ^
npncnocodjieHHH CTbIKOBaHHe
cneunajibHbix
nyHKOB HJIH KaHaTOB onycKaeTcn c noMombio cneiiHajibHbix ycTpoftcTB
^
HJIH c noMombio npHcnocodjieHHH K aHKepHbiM 3aKpenjieHHHM,
—
a CTepjKHefi H3 iopHHeKaxaHOH CTajiH c noMombio CBapKH B CO
OTBeTCTBHH CO CneUHaJIbHbIMH TeXHHHeCKHMH yKa3aHHHMH
-
365. B Meerax pacnoJioxceHHfl HanpnraeMoft apMaTypbi KPHBOJIH-
HeflHoro HJIH noJinroHajibHoro onepTaHHH BHe IIJIOCKOCTH CTeHKH
OJIHCHO dbiTb npe,nycM0TpeH0 ycTpoflcTBo anacjjparM HJIH
sjieMeHTa
^
pedep fllfl BOCnpHHHTHH MeCTHbIX yCHJIHft OT HaTJDKeHHH apMaTypbi
MecTa neperndoB npe BapHTeJibHo HanpnraeMOH apMaTypbi OJI ^KHH
dbiTb ycHJieHbi ^ ^
366. HanpnraeMaH apMaTypa oJixtHa dbiTb Ha£e>KHO 3aKpenjieHa
^
B deTOHe c noMombio aHKepHbix ycTpoficTB, cuenjieHHH apMaTypbi
C deTOHOM HJIH COBMeCTHO TOTO H apyTOTO
3aKpemeHHe B deTOHe de3 aHKepHbix ycTpoficTB , T e 3a cneT cuen
jieHHH apMaTypbi c deTOHOM , AonycxaeTCH no cooTBeTCTByiomHM Tex
--
HHHeCKHM yK33aHHHM £JIH apMaTypbi , BbinOJIHHeMOH H3 npOBOJIOKH
nepnoAHHecKoro ripotfiHJiH (cTpyHodeTOH) , ceMHnpoBOJioHHbix npH efl H
CTEPJKHEFI nepnoAHHecKoro npo(f )HJiH ^
IlpHMeHeHHe HOBHX cnocodoB 3aaHKepHBaHHfl #OJI >KHO dbiTb npo -
BepeHo 3 KcnepKveHTajibHO Ha Bcex CTa HHX padoTbi KOHCTpyKUHH
JLTJIHapMaTypbi Bcex TnnoB ^
3aaHKepHBaHHH 0Jix< Ha
dbiTb He MeHee IIPOHHOCTH caMoH apMarypbi
npoHHOCTb
^
AnKepHbie 3aKpenjieHH5i apMaTypbi , HMeiomeft HeanaHHTejibHyio
flJIHHy ( XOM / TOB BCpTHKJJIbMbIX CTeHOK , CTCp >KHeH CTbIKOB cdopHbIX
123
KOHCTpyKiiM H Ap ) , peKOMeH yetc BbinoJiHHTb B BK e BUHTB C rafi
KOH ^ ^ ^ -
367. flpH 3aaHKepHBaHHH HanpnraeMOH apMaTypbi B npeAeJiax
-
fljiHHH 3JieMeHTa ( npojieTa) aHKepbi , KaK Hapy >KHbie, Tan H pacnoJio>KeH
Hbie B Tejie deTOHa ( BHyTpeHHHe) , peKOMeH YETCH pa3MemaTb B cHcaTofi
^ ^
^
30 He ce eHHB 3TO orpaHH enne He OTHOCHTCH K pacnojioxceHmo
aHKepoB Ha TOpuax npoMexxyTonHbix SJIOKOB B KOHCTpyKUHHX , coc
TaBJineMbix H3 6JIOKOB no JiHHe sjieMeHTa B cjiynae pacnojiox*eHHH
-
^
BHyTpeHHHX aHKepoB B 30He, padoTaiomen OT BHeiimeH Harpy3KH Ha
pacTHJKeHiie, cyMMapHan njiomaAb ax nonepe Horo ceneHHH B OAHOM
^
ceneHHH ajieMeHTa He AOJDKHa npeBbiuiaTb OAHOH Tpera njiomaflH pac
THHyTofl 30Hbi nonepeMHoro ceneHHH sjjeMeHTa
-
368. B TOHKocTeHHbix npeABapHTeJibHo HanpnxceHHbix pacrarH-
BaeMbix sjieMeHTax H dajmax paccTOHHHe Me>KAy odbiHHHMH xoMyTaMH
He AOJI>KHO npeBbimaTb 20 CM
ripn npHMeHeHHH npeABapHTeJibHO HanpHiKeHHbix xoMyTOB odbm
Hbie xoMyra , He HMeioiime npeAeapHTeJibHoro HanpnxceHHH , ycTaHaB
--
JIHB3IOTCH B COOTBeTCTBHH C paCHeTOM HJIH KOHCTpyKTHBHO
369. Ha AJiHHe KOHueBbix yqacTKOB npeABapnTejibHO HanpnjKeHHbix
sjieMeHTOB, He MeHbmefi noJioBHHbi BHCOTBI sjieMeHTa , xoMyra AOJIHCHH
ycTaHaBjiHBaibCH c maroM He dojiee 10 CM , ecjin Ha STHX yqacTKax He
TpedyeTCH dojiee Moumoe nonepeqHoe apMHpoBaHHe, paccHHTaH -
Hoe Ha BOCnpHHHTHe MeCTFbIX HanpHHCeHHH KpaHHHH XOMyT
AOJixceH dbiTb ycTaHOBjieH OT Topua 3JieMeHTa Ha paccTOHHHH sauuiT
Horo CJIOH
-
370. B noflcax dajiOK, apMnpoBaHHbix HanpnraeMOH apMaTypofi,
AOJiacHbi ycTaHaBjiHBaTbCH 3aMKHyTbie HJIH cnnpaJibHbie xoMyra c rna -
TOM He dojiee 10 CM AJIH >KeJie3HOAOpo>KHbix H He dojiee 15 CM AJIH BBTO
AOpOJKHblX H ropOACKHX MOCTOB
-
371 . K apMaType sjieMeHTOB H3 npeABapHTeJibHO HanpHxteHHoro
Hcejie3o6eTOHa , BbinojiHHeMoft H3 ropaneKaTanbix craven H He noABep
raeMofl npeABapHTeJibHOMy HanpHJKeHHio, OTHOCHTCH KOHCTPYKTHBHBIE
-
TpedoBaHHH , H3Jio?KeHHbie
3odeTOHa
apMaTypbi 3 ieMeHT0B H3 odbnmoro >Kejie
^ -
372. B npoeKTe npeABapHTejibHO HanpHxceHHoft KOHCTpyKUHH
AOJUKHM dbiTb yKa3aHbi ocHOBHbie noJio>KeHH 5i TexHOJiornH H3roTOB
jieHHfl npoHHOCTb deTOHa , npn KOTopoft pa3peniaeTca npoH3BOAHTb
-
ero npeABapHTejibHoe HanpjDKeiiHe, TpaHcnoprapoBaHHe H MOHTaxc ,
onepeAHOCTb narnmeHm rjiaBHoft , BepTHKaJibHOH H nonepennoft apMa -
Typbi , nocjieAOBaTejibHOCTb naTHmenm oTAeJibHbix CTepjKHeft K 35KAOH
CHCTEMBI apMaTypbi B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT KOHCTpyKTHBHbIX OCOdeHHOCTeH
apMaTypbi H coopyxceHHH , MeponpHHTHH no ocymecTBJieHHio KOH -
TpOJIH HaTHJKeHHH apMaTypbi , nocjieAOBaTejibHOCTb HHbeKTHpOBaHHfl
pacTBopa B KaHajibi , Mecra onnpaHHH H CTponoBKH npn TpaHcnop -
THpOBaHHH H MOHTdXCe, AonyCKH Ha H3 rOTOBAeHHe H yCTaHOBKy
STieMenroB
124
29 KOHCTPyKUMH C HAT 5WEHHEM APMATyPbl HA yFIOPbl
373, CTpyHoSeTOHHbie ajieMeHTbi pekOMeHAyeTCH apMHpoBaTb Bepx
Hefi H HH >KHeH HanpnraeMOH apMaTypoft CeneHHe apMaTypbi, pacno
--
jiaraeMofl B 30He, pafioTaiomeH OT aKcnjiyaTaunoHHOH Harpy3KH Ha
cHcaTHe, cjie yeT npHHHMaTb no pacneTy , HO , Kan npaBHjio, He 6ojiee
25 % ^
OT ceneHHH apMaTypbi pacTHHyTOH 3OHH
.
374 B KOHCTpyKUHHX co cTep HeBofl HanpnraeMOH apMaTypon ,
^
He HMeiomeft aHKepoB Ha KOHuax , ceneHne KOHUOB 3jieMeHT0 B pexo
MeHAyeTCH ymnpHTb Ha He MeHee 20 AnaMeTpoB npo ojibHOH
-
apMaTypbi Rjuma 3aAejiKH cTepncHen 3a HapymioH rpaHbio onopHoii ^
qacTH fibiTb He MeHee nerapex HaMeTpoB crepacHH
^
30 KOHCTPyKUMH C HAT5DKEHHEM APMATyPbl HA BETOH
375. B c pa3MemeHHeM HanpnraeMOH apMaTypbi B OT-

ajieMeHTax
KpHTbix KaHajiax KOHCTPYKUHH H pacnojio>KeHHe apMaTypbi B KaHajiax
AOJDKHH Ha3HanaTbCH c yneTOM BO3 MO>KHOCTH BbicoKOKanecTBeHHoro
ofieTOHHpoBaHHH apMaTypbi
376. 3aKpbiTbie KdHajibi B Tejie 6eTOHa , npeAHa3HaneHHbie A pa3-
MemeHHH apMaTypbi , AOJIHCHH BbinoJiHHTbcn , kaK npaBHjio , 6e3 npHMe-
HeHHH oSojioneK , ocTaBjineMbix B Tejie SeTOHa
MeTajumnecKHe O6OJIOHKH AonycKaeTcn npHMeHHTb npn 3HanHTejib-
HOH MHHe KaHajioB , Ha ynacmax KpyTbix nepernfioB apMaTypbi , B cjiy-
nanx HaBecHoro 6eTOHHpOB 3HHH H npn Apyrnx cneunaJibHbix MeTo ax
-
npoH3 BOACTBa pa6oT TlpHMeHeHHe MeTajuiHnecKHX oSo nonex AOJI - ^
>KHO 6biTb cneunajibHO oSocHOBaHO Bo Bcex cjiynanx AOJDKHO 6biTb
o6ecneneHO Ha e^kHoe 3anojmeHHe KaHajioB HHkeKUHOHHbiM pac-
TBOpOM ^
377. BHyTpeHHee aHkepHoe 3 akpenjieHHe AonycKaeTcn npHMeHHTb
npH KOpOTKOH npHMOJIHHeHHOH apMaType HJIH KpHBOJIHHeHHOH apMa"
Type , HMeiomeH cyMMapHbin yroji nepernSa He Oojiee 5° , nor a MOJKCT
6biTb oSecneneHo uaj emnoe HaTHJKeHHe c OAHOH CTOPOHH ^
^
06mee KOJiHnecTBo apMaTypbi c BHyTpeHHHMH aHKepaMH He AOJDKHO
npeBbimaTb 25 % Bcero KOJinnecTBa apMaTypbi B KOHCTpyKUHH , 3a
HCKjnoneHHeM KOHCTpyKUHH , cocTaBjineMbix H 3 6,/IOKOB no jyiHHe , B KO -
Topbix KOJinnecTBo apMaTypbi c BHyTpeHHHMH aHKepaMH He orparnwH
BaeTCH
-
B HeMaCCHBHbIX KOHCTpyKUHHX (cTeHKH H nOHCa SaJIOK , TOHKHe
nriHTbi H AP ) BHyTpeHHHe aHKepbi AOJDKHH 6biTb pacnojioJKeHbi 3 a no -
^ ^ ^ ^
nepenHbiMH AHacfjparaaMH , B MCCTHHX CHJICHHHX ceneHHH H B Apyrnx
Ha ex Hbix MecTax BeTOH B npeAe ax pacnojioJKeHHH BHyTpeHHHx aHke
poB He AOJiHteH 6biTb ocjiaSjieH oTBepCTHHMH Apyron apMaTypbi
-
BHyTpeHHee aHKepHoe 3aKpenjieHHe AOJIJKHO SeTOHHpoBaTbCH OA
HOBpeMeHHO C KOHCTpyKHHeH
-
.
378 B CTynae, ecTH pacnoriaraeMyio B Tene OeTOHa apMarypy npeA -
ycMaTpHBaeTCH ykna biBaTb B onajiy6 ky AO SeTonnpoBaHHH , apMaTypa
^
AOJiHvHa HMetb nenpoHHuaeMyio A I ueMeHTiioio pacTBopa odoJioni< y
^^
125
06ojio^ Ka npoeKTHpyeicH Takofi , HTO6H npn npn/iaHHH efi KPHBO
JIHHCHNORO oMepTaHHfl He B03HHKajio nepe«noMOB H Ha pbiBoB, a npn
-
6eTOHHpoBaHHH
. —
BMHTHH H ;jpyrHX etpOpMaUHH
^
379 OopMa nonepe Horo ceqeHHH H npo ojibHbifl npotpHjib 3akpbi
^ ^
^
-
Tbix KaHajioB \ J JIN apMaTypbi , ycTaHaBjiHBaeMoft nocjie SeTOHHpoBaHHH ,
£o;i >KHbi oSecne HBaTb CBofio Hoe npOTacKHBaHHe apMaTypbi H nepe
^
MeiueHHe ee npn HaTHJKeHHH ^ -
BHyTpeHHHH AHaweTp deTOHHoro KaHaJia HJIH O6OJIOHKH KaHaJia
OJi >KeH fibiTb 6ojibiue AHaMeTpa apMaTypbi
^ npn HHbeKTHpoBaHHH ueMeHTHoro cocTaBa nepe3 OTBepcTHe B aH -
Kepe npn O HOPH HOM nycTOTejioM nynke npoBOJioK
Ha 5 MM , ^ ^ —
He MeHee neu
npn HHbeKTHpoBaHHH pa3JiHHHbiMH cnocoSaMH H npn apMaiype

B BH e ny Ka npoBOJioK , KaHaTa , CTep >KHH
^ ^ —
He MeHee vem m 15 MM
,
ECJTH AJiHHa apMaTypbi 6ojiee 30 M To MMeTp KaHajia ojin eH npe
^
BbimaTb AHaMeTp apMaTypbi npn SeTOHHdM KaHajie He MeHee neM na ^ ^ -
10 MM H npn o6ojioHKe —
Ha 20 MM
y Kangjoro Hapy>KHoro H BHyTpeHHero aHKepa AOJI >KHO SHITB npe£ -
ycMOTpeHo OTBepcTHe AJIH no ann HHbeKUHOHHoro cocTaBa HJIH RJIH
Bbinycxa BOAH H B03£yxa ^
BoKOBoe OTBepcTHe JIH no ana HHbeKUHOHHoro coeraBa B KaHaji
^ ^
; OJI >KHO HMeTb BHyTpeHilHH jjnaMeTp He MeHee 25 MM JXuauerp OTBep
* -
CTHH B aHKepe ROJiTKen 6biTb He MeHee 14 MM
380. B npoeKTax AOJUKHM npejjycMaTpHBaTbcn MeponpHflTHH ,
yMeHbmaioiHHe TpeHHe npn HaTHJKeHHH apMaTypbi, oco6eHHo KPHBO
jiHHeHHoro HJIH noJinroHajibHoro onepTaHHH HaTH eHHe apMaTypbi,
-
^
Kax npaBHJio , c £ Byx KOHUOB, Ha 3HaneHHe Heo6xo£ HMoro no BejiHHHHe
paaayca KpHBH3Hbi, npHMeHeHHe npoHjia oK c MajibiM KOB HUHCHTOM
TPEHHH H
O HOCTopoHHee
£p ^
HaTHJKeHHe apMaTypbi jjonycKaeTcn npn yeraHOBKe
^
^
apMaTypbi B 3apaHee c ejiaHHbie kaHajibi , a Taione B cjiynae npHMeHe -
^
HHH cneunajibHoro MeTOAa npoH3Bo,a;cTBa pafioT, HCKjnonaiomero £ By -
cTopoHHee HaTH >KeHHe ( HanpHMep HaBecHoe SeTOHHpoBaHHe) B npoeKTe
ÔJPKHbl 6 bITb npe yCMOTpeHbl MepOnpHHTH # , n 03 B0JIHK)III,He KOHTpOJIH

^ -
poBaTb BejiHHHHy CHJIH npeABapHTejibHoro Hanpn eHHH no flJiHHe ^
apMaTypbi
381. B MecTax pacnojio>KeHH 5i Ha NOBEPXKOCTH 6eT0 Ha aHKepHbix
3aKpenJieHHH H HaTH >KHbix ycTponcTB (noMKpaTOB) , ycTaHaBjiHBaeMbix
B npouecce HaTHxteHHH apMaTypbi , peKOMCH yeTCH npejiycMaTpHBaTb
^
nocTaHOBKy CTajibHbix TopuoBbix JIHCTOB TOJIUUIHOH He MeHee 8 M M ,
Haae>KHO 3aKpenjieHHbix B SeTOHe, w w 3apanee H3roTOBjieHHbix x<eTe3o -
6eTOHHbix njniT H3 6eTOHa , Mapna KOToporo Bbiiue MapKH 6eTOHa
KOHCTpyKUHH,
P A 3A E J I IV
1
CTAJlbH blE KOHCTPyKUMH
1 MATEPHAJIbl
382, OCHOBHHMH MBTepH 3JIHMH CTaJIbHbIX KOHCTpyKUHfi MOCTOB
flBJIHKDTCH
1 ) Run 3,/ieMeHTOB H3 npoxaTHoro MeTajura , He no BepraiomHXCH
CBapKe ^
а) yrjiepo HCTan MapTeHOBCKan ropnneKaTaHaH CTajib jyui MOCTO -
^
CTpoeHHH MapKH CT 3 MOCT no TOCT 6713 53, —
б) HH3KOJierHpoBaHHaa MapTeHOBCKan KOHCTpyKUHOHHan CTajib
—
MapKH 15 X010, no TOCT 5058 57* c onoJiHHTejibHbiM TpeSoBaHHeM
^
(corjiacHO n 11 3Toro TOCT) no y apHOH BH 3KOCTH npn oTpnuaTejib
^
HOH TeMnepaType, onycKaeTCH npH cooTBeTCTByiomeM o6ocHOBaHHH
-
^
npHMeHeHHe apyrnx MapoK HH3K0JierHp0BaHH0H CTaJiH , He ycrynaio -
umx no CBOHM cBOHCTBaM yKa3aHHoft Mapne,
2) #JIH ajieMeHTOB H3 npoxaTHoro Meiajuia, KOTOpbie noABepraioTCH
CBapKe npn 3aBO£CKOM H3roroBjieHHH
а) yr epoAHCTan MapTeHOBCKan ropnneKaTaHaH CTajib JJJIH MOCTO
^ -
CTpoeHHH MapKH M16C no TOCT 6713 53, —
б) HH3K0JierHp0BaHHbie CTaJiH , yKa3aHHbie B n 1 «6» c AonojiHH -
—
TejibHbiM Tpe6oBaHHeM (coiviacHO n 11 TOCT 5058 57*) eme H no y ap
HOH BH 3 KOCTH nOCJie MexaHHHeCKOrO CTapeHHH , ^ -
B >KeJie3HO£OpO>KHbIX CBapHbIX
MOCTaX 3TH HH3KOJierHpOBaHHbie
CTaJiH j onycKaeTCH npHMeHHTb c
^
yneTOM cneunajibHbix yKa 33HHH ,
3) #JIH jiHTbix nacTen —
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n p H M e q a H H f i 1 flonojiHHTejibHbie HanpaaceHufl B noacax c})epM
OT etJjopMauHH no BecoK cJie yeT yqiiTbiBaTb He33BHCHMO OT OTHOUieHHH
^
BbicoTbi ceqeHHH ^ ^
K RJimie sJieweHTa
2 Ha 3 HaqaTbBbicoTy ceqeHHH aneivieHTOB pemeTqaTbix rjiaBHbix thepM
Gojibme 1/10 THHbi sJieMeHTa He peKOMen yeTCH , 3 a HCKJiioqeHiieM sJieMeHTOB
^ ^
nojicoB , BocnpHHHMaiomHx BHey 3JioByio BpeMeHHyio BepTHKajibHyio Harpy 3 i< y
391 . PacneT pemeTnarax $epM , HMCIOIUHX B ypoBHe npoes a none ,

pa6oTaK)ui;HH Ha coBMecraoe eftcTBHe oceBbix ycHJiHH H H 3rn6a OT ^
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BHEY3.noBoro npHJio>KeHHH BpeMeHHOH BepTHKaJibHoft Harpy3 KH , OJI -
êH npoH 3 Bo HTbCH c yqeTOM mecTKOCTH y 3JioB yKa 3 aHHoro nonca ^
ne3 aBHCHMo ^ BHCOTH ceueHHH K JiHHe naHe H }KecT-
OT OTHOUieHHH
KocTb y3 TioB nonca ymiTbiBaeTCH B pacneTax Bcex 3JieMeiiT0 B H COG H - ^ ^
nCHHII K 3 K CBapHbix , Tai< H KJienaHbix . ^
133
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eT >KeCTKOCTH OCTaJIbHbIX y3JIOB, B TOM qHCJie H npHKpenjieHHfi
^
K HcecTKOMy noacy sjieMeHTOB pemeTKH , npoH3BOAHTCH B COOTBCTCTBHH
c n 390
ripn pacneTe nonca , BocnpumiMaiomero BHey3JiOByio BpeMeHnyio
( )(}) HUHeHT m
Harpy3 Ky , Kos| 2 He BBOAHTCH
npHMeqaHne BbicoTe BepXHero nonca
npH Menbiuefi 1 /10
BbicoTbi (JjepMbi B cepejuwe nponeia , H npH Jinne naHCJiH nonca ne 6oJiee 3 M
^
H3 i H 6aioui, HH MOMeHT B JiiofioM ceqeHHH nonca AonycnaeTcn ycJiOBHO npn
HHMaTb paBHbiM i 0, 6 MOMeHTa B cepe /iHHe npojieia pa 3 pe3 Hofi 6 a j i K H c npo
JieTOM , paBHHM juiHHe naHejiH , a oceBbie ycHJinn B sJieMeHTax (})epMbi on
pe ejiHTb 6e3 yqeia jKecTKOCTH y3JioB nonca
^
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392 HsrnOaioLUHe MOMeHra B ropH30HTaJibHbix H HaKJioHHbix
SJieMeHTax pemeTHarax rJiaBHbix| < )epM H CBH 3efi or A HCTBHH coficTBeH
Horo Beca sjieMeHTa npHHHMaioTCJi Ha Bcefl AJiHHe paBHbiMH 0 ,8 MOMeHTa ,
^ -
BbWHCJieHHoro KaK JIH CBOOOAHO
onepToro sjieMeHTa
. ^
393 ycHJiHH OTnopa , Ha KOTopbie AOJIHCHH npoBepnTbcn sjieMeH -
Tbl npOJieTHOrO CTpoeHHH (ciOHKH , pacnOpKH , CTHHCKH , CBH 3H ) ,
Hcnojib3 yeMbie AJIH yMeHbiueHHH CBOOOAHOH
JIHUBI okarax sjie
MeHTOB , npHHHMaioTCH B pa3Mepe 3 % npoAOJibHoro ycHJiHH c>kaToro ^ -
sjieMeHTa
394, npn
ycTpoflcTBe B npojieTHOM CTpoeHHH A^yx cncTeM npo-
AOJibHbix cBH 3efl ropH30 HTajibHbie Harpy3 KH npHHHMaioTCH corJiacHO
TaQji 40
Ta 6 jiniia 40
Harpy 3KH Ha CBR 3H B nponeHrax OT IIOJIHOH
r0pH 30 HTaJIbH 0H Harpy 3KH
Ha npoaojibHbie CBH 3F
Harpy3KH
B ypoBHe B njIOCKOCTH
npoe a nerpy 30 BOTO
^ nonca
XlaBJieHHe BeTpa Ha naBHbie (JjepMbi 60 60

BeTpa Ha npoe 3>kyio qacTb
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nOABH >KHOH COCTaB
H
IlonepeqHbie yAapbi noABH >KHOH Ha 80 40
rpy 3 KH
Harpy 3KH OT UtHTpo6e >KHOH CHJIbI
395, ycHJiHH B SJieMeHTax noncoB rjiaBHbix tf >epM OT AaBjieHHH

BeTpa AonycKaeTcn onpeAeJinTb kah AJIH njiockofl OajiOHHOH (f ) epMbi
pac eTHHM npojieTOM, paBHbiM pacneTHOMy npojiery rjiaBHOH $epMbi ,
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c yMHo >keHHeM nojiyneHHbix pe3 yjibTaTOB Ha cekaHC yrjia Hanjicna
AaHHoro sjieMeHTa K ropH30 HTajiH
PacneTHaH cxeMa npoAOJibHbix cBH 3eH Me>kAV apkaMH pacnopHbix
MOCTOB HpHHHMaeTCH B bH e daJIO HOH ( )epMbI, 3aAeJiaHHOH AByMflf
KOHuaMH Ha onopax ^ ^
neperpy epu OT naBneuhn
396, 3 i< a packocoB H CToeK rnaBHbix
BeTpa B pacnere He ymitbiBaeTCH , 3a HCKJUoneHHeM sjieMeHTOB onopHbix ^
134
nopraôB HH >KHHX noacax dajroHHbix npojieTHbix CTpoeHHH c Ha
B
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397, OnpeAejieHHeH3rH 6aioiunx MOMCHTOB B Horax nopTajibHofi
, HMeioiUHX BycTeH aToe ceneHHe
^ , OT n, eHCTBHH ropH30 HTajibHbix
paMbi ^ ,
Harpy30 K cjieAyeT npoH3BOAHTb B npeAnojioxeeHHH 3aAeJiKH HX HIIJKHHX
hOHliOB
OpH CKBO3 HOM 3anojiHeHHH nopTajia nojioaeeHHe HyjieBbix ToneK
HOT AonycKaeTca onpeAeJiHTb no cfiopMyjie
c ( c + 21)
10 =
~ ~
2 { 2 c + lj '
vjxe —
l 0 paccToHHHe OT HyjieBoii TOHKH AO ueHTpa onopHoro y3Jia ,
/ — jiHHa Horn nopTajibHofi paMbi OT ueHTpa HH >KHero onop-
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Horo y 3Jia AO ueHTpa BepxHero y 3 Jia paMbi ,
—
c paccToHHHe OT ueHTpa onopHoro y 3 jia AO ueHTpa HHJKHero
y 3 Jia 3anoJiHeHHn nopTajia
398. B nontax JjepM
ynwraBaioTCH oceBbie ycnjiHH OT Top
rjiaBHbix ( -
MoxeeHHH HJIH cHJibi THTH , nepeuaioiuHecH Ha onopHbie qacTH
B ajieMeHTax CKB03Hbix BHexxiHe 6e3pacnopHbix rjiaBHbix ( >epM, f
CXOAHIUHXCH B onopHbix y3Jiax , yqHTbiBaioTCH H 3rH 6aioiuHe MOMCHTH
B nJIOCKOCTH $epMbI OT TOpMOJKeHHH HJIH CHJIbI THTH , B03 HHKai0IUHe
BCJieACTBHe SKcueHTpHHHOCTH pacnojiOHceHHH mapHHpa OnOpHOH qacTH
OTHOCHTejibHO OCH noaca
B
ajieMeHTax CKBO 3 HHX rjiaBHbix cfiepM , CXOAHIUHXCH B onopHbix
y3JiaX C OAHOKaTKOBbIMH nOABHJKHbIMH OnOpHbIMH qaCTHMH , yHHTbl-
BaioTca H 3rH6 aioiUHe MOMCHTH B nJIOCKOCTH (jiepMbi OT BHeueHTpeHHoro
npHjioxeeHHH onopnoH peaxunn , B03HHKaioiuHe npn nepeMemeHHax
KaTKa onopHoft qacTH
yKa3 aHHbie B HacToaiueM nyHKTe H 3rH6aioiUHe MOMCHTH paenpe -
AejiHioTcn nponopuHOHajibHO noroHHHM xeecraocTHM ajieMeHTOB , exo -
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399 npH KpecTOBOH , poMdunecKofl H TpeyroJibHOH CHCTeMax npo-
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rjiaBHbix ( )epM HJIH 6aji 0 K (OT nojiHoft BepTHKajibHOH Harpy 3 KH , BKJIIO-
J
qaa coficTBeHHbifl Bee npojieTHoro CTpoeHHa ) Ha BejinqHHy ycnjiufi
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B ajieMeHTax cBH 3en
yCHJIHH OT BepTHKajibHOH Harpy3 KH B SJieMeHTaX npOAOJIbHbIX CBH -
3efl yKa 3 aHHbix CHCTeM AonycKaeTca onpeueJiaTb no cjieAyioiUHM ( , op - J
MyjiaM
ycHjine A n a r o H a j i H
B c B a 3 e H
npH KpeCTOBOH CHCTeMe
5* = Sn
- FA COS 2 a
(1 )
F^n Fa
1+ 2 j— si
FP ^ a
135
HJ1H
SA = F (a „ cos2 a + (7 n > sm° a ), ( 2)
npn poMOii ecKOH cncreMe

^
in cos 2 a
(3)
( 1 4- 2 F ~ sin 3 a 4-
F , B2 cos 3 a
\ p 48 /
npn TpeyroJibHofi cncTeMe
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( 4)
F F
1 4- 2 * sin3 a + 12*/ B2 cos3 a
FP
yciRHe B pacnopne npn Bcex Tpex yKa 3aHHbix cncTeMax
npoAOJib Hbix cB 5i 3ea
Sp = (s; + SSP ) s m a
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3
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SJI
n Fu —— ycnjine H ceweHnn RJIH noxca
njiomaRh
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,
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Sp II Fp ycHjine n njiomaAb ceaeHHH \ J JIA pacnopKH CBH 3eft
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[ B cjiynae, Kor a pacnopKOH cB 33eii aBjiHerca no-
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nepeHHan mm6 aman 6aJiKa , B cj)opMyjiax ( 3) H ( 4 )
npiiHUMaeTCH Fp = oo , a ycHjme B AHaronaan CBH -
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S %QB H S£ p
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npa ênne, AeHCiByfoni ee u dajiae Ha yponHe paciioAOHceHHa
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noaca OajiKH ycHjme B AnaronaJiH , BbiaHCJieHHoe no bbimeyi cannon ^ ^
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136
Ha Kos , pasHbifl oTHomeHHio nop
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MaJibHoro nanpHKeHHH Ha ypoBHe CBn 3en K |
( )H6poBOMy HanpnjKeHHio B
ce^ eHHH cnjioniHofl SajiKH

YcHJIHH OT BepTHKaJIbHOH Harpy3KH B SJieMeHTaX npO OJlbHblX
cBH 3efi noJiypacKocHofl CHCTeMbi paspemaeTCH He yHHTbiBaTb ^
Pa3rpyHcaioiuee BJIHHHHC npoAOJibHbix CBH 3en Ha ycnjinn B noncax
J
rjiaBHbix ( )epM onpeAejineTcn AJIH uejibHocBapHbix npojieTHbix CTpoe -
HHH , B 33BHCHM0CTH OT CnOCOfia MOHT3JK 3, TOJIbKO OT BpeMeHHOH Bep -
THKaJIbHOH HJIH Ke OT noJiHoft Harpy3KH , a AJIH KJienaHbix H KJienano -
CBapHblX npOJieTHbIX CTpoeHHH , He33BHCHM0 OT Cn0C06a MOHTa a ,
TOJibKO OT BpeMeHHOH BepTHKajibHoft Harpy3KH
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400 ripn TpeyrojibHofl CHCTeMe npoAOJibHbix CBH 3eft (a Tanme
B CJiynae npHMeHeHHn poMfinnecKOH CHCTeMbi) HCO6 XOAHMO ynHTbiBaTb
B pacneTax Ha nponHocTb H BbiHocjiHBocTb H 3rH 6aiomHe MOMeHTbi B non -
ce, eftcTByiomne B njiocxocTH CBH 3efi H onpeAeJineMHe AJIH ceneHHfi
^
B y3Jiax npHeoe HHeHHH cBH 3efi K noncy no tfiopMyjie
^ _ , Spd
M— ± 4- ’
r e Sp
^ —d —ycHJine B pacnopne CBH 3efi OT
CBH 3eft ( Me y êcfjopMauHHnoncoB ,
y3JiaMH npHcoeAHHeHnn CBH -
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3eft K
jiHHa
noncy
naHejiH
B npe ^
OAHOH AHaroHajiH HJIH nojiyAna -
roHajin ) ^ ejiax
npH yneTe AonoJiHHTejibHbix Hanpn >KeHHft B nonce OT yKa3aHHbix

H3rH6aiomHX MOMeHTOB pacneTbi Ha nponnocTb noncoB npoH3BOAnTcn
c BBeAeHHeM K03( j)( j)HUHeHTa ycJioBHft paSoTbi m2 = 1, 2
B pacneTax Ha ycToftnHBocTb sjieMeHTOB nonca H 3rn6aiomHe MO
MeHTbl B HHX OT yCHJIHH B CBH3HX He yH HTbIB3I0TCH
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401 . fljin npoAOJibHbix 6ajioK KJienaHbix H KJienaHO-cBapHbix npo-
jieTHbix CTpoeHHH H3rH 6aioiUHe MOMCHTH (B cpeAHen nacTH npojieTa) ,
nonepenHbie CHJIH H onopHbie peaxunH , AeftcTByiomHe B BepTH-
KajibHoft njiocKocTH , cjie yeT onpe/ jeJinTb , npHHHMan 6ajiKH pa 3 pe3
HbIMH ^ -
OTpHuaTejibHbiH onopHbifl H3rH6aiomHH MOMeHT npH pacneTe
pbiOox ,
CTOJIHKOB C pblSxaMH HJIH Apyroft KOHCTpyKUHH , BocnpHHHMaiomefi
MOMeHT B conpn eHHH npoAOJibHbix 6ajiOK c nonepeHHoft 6ajiKofi , npn
^
HHMaeTcn paBHbiM 0 , 6 MOMeHTa nocepeAHHe npojieTa npoAOJibHoft 6aJiKH ,
-
paccMaTpHBaeMOH Kax pa 3pe3Han
402. YCHJIHH H MOMeHTbi B SajiKax npoe3>Keft nacTH uejibnocBap -
Hbix npojieTHbix CTpoeHHH H B CBapHbix npHKpenJieHHnx fiajioK HaAJie
>KHT onpeAejiHTb c yneTOM ynpyrocra onop H npHHHMan npHKpenneHnn
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403. -
^ nonepenHbix dajioK KJienaHbix H KJienaHO - cBapHbix npo
jin
jieTHbix CTpoeHHH H 3rH6aK)in,He MOMCHTM B cpeAHeft nacra HX npojieTa ,
nonepenHbie CHJIH H onopHbie peaKUHH B BepTHKajibHoft njiocKocTH
onpeAejinioTcn BO Bcex cjiynanx KaK R J I H CBO6OAHO oneprax fiajiox
c npojieTOM , paBHbiM paccTonHHio MOKAy OCHMH (JiepM,
137
B onopnMx ce^ eHHHx nonepenHbix SajioK , a Taioxe B no Becxax,
croi / Kax H pacKocax r iaBHbrx ( j epM , HB fbomfixca a/ieMeHTaMH 3aMKHy
^ ^ ^
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TIIX nonepe Hbix paM , AOJIJKHM yqHTbiBaTbcn HanpH >KeHHH OT H3 m6aio
^
WHX MOMeHTOB , B03 HHKai0LUHX BCJie CTBHe BepTHKajibHoro H3rn6a no
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nepemibix SajioK B BTOM cjiynae pacneT pacKocoB Ha npoHHoeTb npo -
1I3BOAHTC5I C K05t})t}) HUHeHT0M yCJIOBHH pa6otbI /rt 3 1, 2 —
np II M e q a H H n 1 ilpH HanmiiH d o e K
^ HJIR no BecoK yh.a3anHbie
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2 B dBTO OpOyivHI IX H TOpOflCKIIX MOCTaX pacneT H 3 rH 6 aromHX MOMeH

TOB B cpe neft ^ MacTH nponcTa nonepeqHbix 6 a j i O K pa 3 peiuaeTCH npoii 3BO
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404 ripnpacneie 3jieMenT0 B npoe3>KeH nacTH , KaK npaBHjio,
ROJiAiim yraTHBaTbcH ycHjiHH B npo oJibHbix 6ajiKax H H3rH6aiomHe
MOMeHTH B nonepeqHbix fiajixax OT COBMOCTHOH pa 6ora HX C noacaMH ^
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npn
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na -
pafioTy c noHcaMH
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K pa3rpy)Ka*omHM ycMHHM KoatJj HUHeHTa t 0,7 npn KJienaHbix ^ = ^
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n pHMeqaH Ha 1 Hapfl y c pacneTOM , yqnTbiBaiomHM coBMecT
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405. YGHJIMH H3rHoa *omHe MOMeHra B sjieMeHTax npoe3xceH
H
nacTH OT coBMecTHon pa6oTbi ,nonycKaeTCH onpe ejiHTb B np jinojiome
nan mapHupHoro npHKperuieHHH npo£o;ibHbix 6ajiox K nonepeHHHM a ^ ^ -
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OT coBMecTHon pafioTbi sjieMeHTOB npoe3 a c noncaMH rviaBHbix (JjepM,
HUHeHTa yc ioBuH paSora m% 1, 7 ^ .
npoHSBo HTCH c BBEJIENNEM Koa
406 ^ ^
B oAHonyTHHX npojieTHbix
CTpoeHHHx >KeJie OpO^ HbIX MO-
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3 HO
CajiKH B npoe3x< efinacTH , H 3TH -

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B no Becke HJIH CTonne B ypoBHe
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M= — a(b — a)
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c ynexoM ropH30 HTajibHwx CHJI omopa , Kotopwe CHiiTaroicn npujioxen^
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nopa npHHHMaeTCH B pa3Mepe 1 % npoAOJibHoro ycHjmn cHcaToro nonca
.
408 PacneT MeTajiJinnecKHX npojieTHbix cTpoeHHH Ha noneperayio
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^
pOB , 06ecneHHBai0mHX yCTOHHHBOCTb , npOH 3 BOAHTCH OTHOCHTeJIbHO
HH >KHero Topua HapyxcHoro naKeTa BepTHKajibHbix JIHCTOB B onopHOM
y3Jie A* npOJieTHblX CTpoeHHH CO CKB03 HHMH (JiepMaMH , OThOCHTeAbHO
^
HapyjKHon rpaHH onopHbix JIHCTOB AJIH npojieTHbix CTpoeHHH co cnjiorn -
HblMH 6 aJlKHMH H OTIIOCHTeJIbHO ApyrHX onaCHbIX MeCT
npHMeqaHHe yqHTbiBaeMan B npojieTHbix CTpoeHHHx co cnjiorn
HbiMH 6 ajiKaMH uiHpHHa onopHbix JIHCTOB He AOJiHcna BbicTynaTb 3 a Kpafi
-
onopnux pe6ep >hecTKOCTH
4 CBOBOAHAJI AJIHHA H rHBKOCTb 3J1EMEHT0 B KOHCTPyKUHfl

409. CBo6oAHan RJIHHQ. BJICMCHTOB CKBO3HBIX rjiaBHbix c})epM npn-
HHMaexcn
а) RJIH noncoB , onopHbix pacKocoB H onopHbix CToen KaK B njio -
CKOCTH , Tax H H3 nJlOCKOCTH (fiepMbl —
paBHOH COOTBeTCTByiOIII.eH reo -
MeTpHHeCKOH A IHHe , T e paCCTOHHHK) Men Ay CMeJKHbIMH y3A 3MH HJIH
^ ^
MeciaMH npHKpenjieHHH cBH 3eft ,
б) AJIH ajieMeHTOBpemeTKH
H 3 njiocKOCTH (JiepMbi —
paBHOH nojiHofi reoMeTpHnecKOH A HHe
ajieMeHTa HJIH Handojibinen ee nacTH , ecjiH nojman AJIHHB pa3AeJieHa
^
nonepeHHofl KOHCTpyKuneH ,
B njiocKOCTH t epMbi
ajieMeHTa , yMHonceHHoft^ —
paBHOH nojiHon reoMeTpHnecKofl A HHe
Ha 0,8 ^
ripn nepeceneHHH ajieMeHTa pemeTKH co cxtaTbiM HJIH BHeueHTpeHHo
pacTnnyTbiM cTep KHCM HJIH npH npHMbiKaHHH K HeMy Hepafionero sjie
^ -
MeHTa CBo6oAHan AJiHHa paccMaTpHBaeMoro sjieMeHTa pemeTKH yMeHb -
maeTcfl TOJibKo B njiocKOCTH JiepMbi
(
npn nepeceneHHH cncaToro ajieMeHTa pemeTKH c neHTpajibHo pac
THHyTblM CTepHCHeM , KpOMe yMeHbmeHHH CB060AH0H AJIHHbl B nJIOCKOCTH
-
J
( )epMH , CBo6oAnan AJiHHa paccMaTpHBaeMoro ajieMeHTa pemeTKH yMeHb
maeTCH TaK Ke H 3 njiocKOCTH (J>epMbi H npHHHMaeTcn paBHOH nojiHon

-
^
reoMeTpHnecKOH A inne 3JieMeHTa , yMHOJKeHHOH Ha nonpaBOHHbifl K03( j>
(JjHUHeHT, paBHblH
^
npn OAHOM HJIH Aeyx nepeceneHHHX 0, 7, —
npn Tpex nepeceneHHnx 0, 5 —
410. CBO6OAH 3H A iHHa cjKaToro nonca rjiaBHofl SaJiKH (cjiepMbi)
^
B «0 TKpbiTbix» npojieTHbix CTpoeHHnx npHHHMaeTcn paBHOH jijmue pac -
neTiioro npoxeTa 6a TKH , yiuH0>KeHH0H Ha K03( jxj)HUHeHT V , SHBHCHIAHH
OT inpameTpa onpeAeTneiuoro BHpaxceHHeM
L4
1 = -16
,
dbE I a 9
no
r i
d —— pacqeTHbifl npoJieT SajiKu ($epMbi),
paccTOHHiie Meac y noJiypaMaMH , 3aKpenjmiomHMH none OT
^
nonepeqHbix ropH30HTajibHbix nepeMeiueHHH ,
E — ^ Mo yjib ynpyrocTH cTajin ,
/n — MOMeHT HHepUHH cjKaToro noHca (cpe Hee 3HaneHHe no flJiHHe)
OTHOCHTejIbHO BepTHK 3JIbHOH OCH , ^
5— Han6ojibtnee ropH3oHTajibHoe nepeMeiueHHe (;yia OAHOTO
nonca ) BepXHHX y3JioB nonypaM ( HCKJiioqan onopHbie noJiy -
pawbi ) OT eAHHHTObix CHJI «oTnopa» (P 1), pasuoe =
h3 BA *
5=
3 EIe 2 EI 6 -
3%ecb h — BbicoTa CTOHKH HJIH pe6 pa
KCCTKOCTH , paBHan paccron-
HHK) OT ixeHTpa Tn ecTH ceneHHH cxcaToro nonca AO Bepxa
nonepenHofl SajiKH ,
^
—
B paccTOHHHe Me >KAy OCHMH 6aJiOK (< j)epM ) f
—
16 MOMeHT HHepUHH ceneHHH nonepeHHOH SajiKH ,
—
Ic MOMeHT HHepUHH CeHeHHH CTOHKH ( pe6pa JKeCTKOCTIl ) , co-
OTBeTCTByFOIUHH H3TH6y H3 njIOCKOCTH (})epM
3HaneHHH KoatjxJwuHeHTa v B 33BHCHMOCTH OT £ A H SajiOK (ijjepM)
c napajuiejibHHMH noacaMH npHBeAeHbi B Tafiji 41
^
T a 6 JI H u a 41
3Ha<ieHHe K 094> 4HUHeHTa v
0 5 10 15 30 60 100 150 200 300 500 1 000
0 , 696 0 , 524 0 , 433 0 , 396 0 , 353 0 , 321 0 , 290 0 , 268 0 , 246 0 , 225 0 , 204 0 , 174
n p H M e q a H H e npn
qeHiiH K 09( j)( ) HUHeHTa v onpe
J
npOMeyKytoqHbix 3HaqeHHHx napaMPtpa
ejiHioTCH no HHTepnojiHUHH
£ 3HI -
^
npn ouepTaHHH BepxHero nonca 3HaqeHHe v AO
nojiHroHajibHOM -
nycxaeTCH onpeAejiflTb no Ta6ji 41 B STOM cjiynae nepeMemeHHe 8
NPHHHMAETCH RJI* noJiypaMbi , pacnojioJKeHHofi nocepe HHe npojieTa ,
a BMecTO pacueTnoro npojieTa L cjieAyeT 6paTb nojmyio Rjmny cxcaToro ^
noHca
411c CB060£ HaH JlJIHHa B njIOCKOCTH KpHBH3HbI apKH cnJioniHoro
nocTOHHHoro ceneHHH onpe eJineTCH no ( )opMyjie J
^
8/
/Q = Jt IK
W l H /—
npoJieT H cTpeJixa noAbeivia apKH
BeiHHHHa K npHHHMaeTCH
a ) AJIH flByxuiapiiHpHofl apKH
K=K . i
141
6) fliji flByxmapHiipHofi apiui c 3ai HJKKOH , COCAHHCHHOH C apKaMli
c no BecoK ,
noMombio
^ K = 2/C0 ,
B) SecuiapHHpHOH apKH
K= 2+ {
( ) K . .
r ) AJIH
TpexmapHHpHOH apKH
K=
MeHbman H 3 BCJIH HH
HJIH K = K Q , Kl
— ^
A) RJIH apKH , paSoTaiomeft COBMCCTHO C HaAaponHbiM cTpoeHHeM
B BH/ je Hepa3 pe3HOH fiajIKH, COeAHHeHHOH C apKOH CTOHK 3MH
/C = 1 + f
0 , 95 + 0 , 7 -7- +
l
t
l
Y ] E I 0
ElJ * 0 .
rAe EI — 0 ncecTKocTb fiajiKH ,
L /a — HteCTKOCTb apKH
BeiUHHHbl K0 II K\ B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT OTHOIHBHHH

f~
-
onpCAe
JIHIOTCH no Ta6 ji 42
T a 6 JI H u a 42
3HaneHHH /f 0 H R1
// / 0, 1 0, 2 0,3 0, 4 0,5 0,6 0, 8 1 , 00
28 , 5 45 , 4 46 , 5 43, 9 38 , 4 30 , 5 20 ,0 14 , 1
Ki 22 , 5 39 , 6 47 , 3 49 , 2 44 , 0
UHH
FlpoMeHcyTOHHHe 3HaneHHH BbmHCJinioTCH no JIHHCHHOH HHtepnojifl -
npHonpeAejieHHH CBOSOAHOH AJIHHM api< H nepeMeHHoro ceneHHH
BejiHHHHa /( , B cjiynae He3HanHTejibH0 MeHaiomeacH >KBCTKOCTH , npn -
HHMaeTCfl no )opMyjie nyHKTa «A» C noACTaHOBKoft B Hee
cf ecTKocra
apKH B neTBepTH npojieia
^
B cJiynae cHJibHo MeHHiomeHCH HCCCTKOCTH BejiHHHHa K AOJDKHa
onpeAeJiHTbCH Ha ocHOBaHHH cneunajibHoro pacneTa Ha ycTOHHHBocTb
apKH npn paBHOMepHOM 3arpy>KeHHH Bcero npojieia
412 . CBoSoAHan ^
A iHHa sjieMeHTOB npoAOJibHbix H noneperabix
CBH 3eH c yneTOM yK 33 aHHH n 409 npHHHMaeTCH paBHOH
а) B njiocKOCTH cBH 3efl
jieHHH ajieMeHTOB
—
paccTOHHHio MeHmy ueHTpaMH npHKpen
,
-
б) H3
OCH sjieMeHTa CBH 3eft
njiocKOCTH cBH 3eH —
paccTOHHHio Me KAy nepeceneHHHMH
c JIHHHHMH npHKpenjieHHH (pacoHOK CBH 3efl K aJie
^ -
4
MeHTaM )epM (SajioK )
npnonpeAejieHiin RJIIIHH AnaronaneH cBH 3efl powCii
CBOSOAIIOH -
necKOH cucieMbi TOHKA nepeceueiiHB HX C ncecTKon (113 IUIOCKOCTH CBJI -
112
sen ) pacnopKoft paccMaxpHBaeTca KSK HenoABHJKHan , a npn THSKOH
pacnopKe, ecJin o6e AHaroHajiH OKara , CBo6oAHan jiHHa npHHHMaeTCH
B COOTBeTCTBHII C yKa3aHHHMH nyHKTa «6»
^
CBoSo Hafl tJlHHa 3JieMeHT0B CBH 3eft B nJlOCKOCTH rjiaBHOH OCH ce
^
^ -
neHHH , HaKJiOHHOH K njiocKOCTH CBfl 3efi , npHHHMaeTCH BO Bcex cjiynanx
paBHOH CBofio HOH JIHHe H3 nJlOCKOCTH CBH 3eH
^ ^
413. PacneTHan rnfiKocTb A ajieMeHTa npHHHMaeTCH
а)
—
ajieMeHTOB uejibHoro
cTepjKHefl cocraBHbix
—
oSenx nJiocKOCTHx , a AJIH
ceneHHH B
B njioCKOCTH , HopMaJibHoft K IL/IOCKOCTH coeAH -
pemeTKH,
—^
HHTeJibHbix njiaHOK , nepcfiopHpoBaHHbix JIHCTOB HJIH coe HHHTeJibHofi
paBHofl oTHomeHHio CBO6OAHOH JIHHBI K coorBeTCTByio
meMy pa Hycy HHeprmn ,
б ) .HJIH 3JieMeHTOB, COCTOHiaHXH3 AByXBeTBeH , B nJlOCKOCTH COe H
^
—
^ -
-
HHTeJIbHblX njiaHOK, nep( j)OpHpOBaHHbIX JIHCTOB HJIH COeAHHHTeJIbHOH ^
peineTKH,
—
paBHOH npHBe eHHofl TH6 KOCTH Xnp, onpe eJineMOH B CO
OTBeTCTBHH C yKH3aHHHMH n 414 ^ ^ -
npHMeqaHHe jnoSoro sjieMeHTa , paSoTaiomero Ha pac
ruSKOCTb
TSDKeHHe HJIH cxcaTue, onpeaeJiHeTCH c yqeTOM Bcex qacTefi ceneHHH npH
STOM yqHTbiBaeTCH sKBHBajieHTHoe ceneHHe nept{)opHpoBaHHbix JIHCTOB HJIH
coeAHHHTejibHhix njiaHOK
414 npHBeAeHHan rnSKocTb Anp sjieMCHTa ,

cocTonmero H 3 Byx
coeAHHHTejibHbix njiaHOK , nep opnpoBaHHbix ^
BeTBefi , B njioCKOCTH
JIHCTOB HJIH coe HHHTeJibHofi peineTKH onpe ejineTCH no (JiopMyjiaM
^
а) npn coeAHHHTejibHbix njiaHKax HJIH nepijiopHpoBaHHbix jiHCTax ^ ^
= ]/ A -
"
2
^
np + f
б ) npH coeAHHHTejibHOH pemeTKe
^ —np . ]/ + ^PA FA
) 1
Ftp
•
3 jiech % — rnfiKocTb Bcero sJieMeHTa B njioCKOCTH coeAHHHTejibHbix
njiaHOK, nepcjiopHpoBaHHbix JIHCTOB HJIH coeAHHHTejibHofi
( KaK uejibHoro ceneHHH ) ,
— pemeTKH
THfiKOCTb BeTBH (3a CBOfiOAHyK) A Hy BeTBH npHHHMaeTCH
paCCTOHHHe MeHCAy KpaHHHMH 3aKJienK 3MH coeAHHHTejib
Hbix njiaHOK , paccTOHHHe B CBeTy Me /KAy npnBapeHHbiMH
-
njiaHKaMH , 80 % AJIHHH OTBCPCTHH nep (J)opnpoBaniioM B
JiHCTe HJIH AJinna nanejiH coeAHHHTejibHofl pemeTKH ) ,
Ftp —
FA —
njioiAaAb nonepemioro cenehHH SpyTTO Bcero sie-ueHTa ,
nojiHan njiomaAb 6 pyrro nonepennoro ceneiiHH Bcex A a -
roHaJiefi coeAHHHTejibHoH pemeTKH, nonaAaiomux B OAHH
^
nonepeHHbifl pa3pe3 sjieMeHTa ,
— K03(})(f )HAHeHT, OTpaJKaiOIAHH BailHHHC KOIICrpyKttfm AHaro-
HaTeH coeAHHHTenbHOH pemeTKH , paBiism npn pemerwe
H 3 yromcoB
ceneHUH — 1 , 4 ,
—
1 , 8, npn pemeTKe 113 noJioc npnMoyro 'ibHoro
K — K 03Cjx}) HUlieHT, 3aBHCHlHHH OT TH 6KOCTH CTep >KHH
143
sncMciiroB c rnChOCTbio
0 ,3
.
> < 100
K
k ’—
& JIH SJieMGHTOB C THSKOCTblO 100
30
^>
K = r-2r
X
Hp e an 1 SjieMeHTbi , cocTOHiune iiMeio-H3 ZIB X BCTBeft ,
H M i H si
IU. HX B coeAHHeHHH zipyr c ApyroM XOTH 6 BI OJIHH cnjiomHofi JIHCT , paccMaT ^
p HB 310TCH KaK U.eJIL Ilbl? ( npH COdJIIOJieHHH y K 333 HHH n 458)
2 CocTaBHbie azieivieHTbi H 3 AeTajiefi , coezzHHeHHbix BiuioTHyio HJIH nepe 3
npOKJia /IKH B COOTBeTCTBHH C yKa33 HH 5IMH n 491 , pacCMaTpHBaiOTCfl KaK
ueJibHue
.
415 CsoSo Han jyiHHa cxcaToro nonca cnjioniHOH H3TH6aeMoft 6aji
^ -
KH npn ycjioBHoft npoBepKe ero KaK maToro sjieMeHTa Ha ycTOHHHBoerb
H3 njIOCKOCTH 6 aJIKH npHHHMaeTCH paBHOH paCCTOHHHK) MeHC y y3JI 3MH
CBH 3efl HeH3MeH 5ieMoft cHCTeMbi, y oBjieTBopaioiuefl pacneTy no n 393 ^
^
npH BbinncjieHHH TH 6 KOCTH nonca B ero ceneHHe BKjnonaioTCH npn
KJienaHbix Sajixax ropH30HTaJibHbie noHCHbie JIHCTH , noacHbie yroJiKH H
nacTb BepTHKa JIBHOH CTeHKH B npe eJiax yrojiKOB, a npn cBapHbix 6 aji
^ -
Kax —416. CBofioftHan
TOJibKO ropH30HTajibHbie noncHbie JIHCTH
AJiKHa onopHbix BepTKKajibHbix pe6ep JKCCTKOCTH
cnjioiuHbrx 6aioK npHHHMaeTca paBHOH paccTOHHHio Memjiy y3jraMH
nonepenHbix cBH 3en , yMHOJKeHHOMy Ha K03tjx|)HUHeHT 0 , 7
B ceneHHe onopHoro pefipa HCCCTKOCTH npn BHHHCJieHHH ero TH6
KOCTH H npn npoBepne ycroHHHBocTH BKJnonaioTCH yrojiKH HJIH JIHCTH
-
peQpa HtecTKocTH , a TaKHce nacTb CTCHKH HiHpHHofl B Ka >KAyio CTOpOHy
OT MecTa saKpenjieHHH He 6ojiee 15 TOJHUHH CTCHKH
5 PAC 4 ET 3JIEMEHT0B KOHCTPyKUH #

.
417 PacneT Ha npoHHocTb ajieMeHTOB npojieTHbix cTpoeHHH
jmnecKHX onop npoH3Bo,HHTCH corjiacHO (JiopMyjiaM Ta 6 ji 43
H MeTaji -
T a 6 JI H u a 43
4> opMyjiw a* pacneia 8JieMeHTOB Ha npowHoetb
npoBepn to
PM we H I X i p a K T e p paSoTbi OopMy 4 0p
np lAeuiifl
sjieMeHTa
îbi )
Myji
PacT« >KeHHe N
HJIH cacaTHe R0 1
R HT
M
Il 3rn 6 B ojjHOif H 3 rJiaB
U/ < 2
HT
Hbix mocKOCtefi
Wopuajib
II ML
PacTfi / xemie H HI c /KaTHe N M
c II 3 RII 6 OM B CUHOII H 3 R HT
4 - < Rf 3
rJMBHWX nJIOCKOCTeil ^ HT
14 .
npo on veHne
^^
npOBepa N°
ewbie Ha XapaKTep paSoTbi sJieweHTa C>opMyJihi top
(
npH eHHH
^ MyJi
Mxy MyX
KOCOH H 3I H6
*
rt < cR „ 4
x
1/ HT r
1
HT
N Mxy MyX
PacT?r >KeHHe HJIH OKame
y < Ro 5
CRH
Kaca
C KOCbIM H 3rH 60M * HT
' HT
QS6
/ HT
tejibHbie
H 3rn 6 XMaKC = b < c' 0 ,6 Ro 6
IlpHBe
' 6p &
eHHbie
H 3rn 6 PacTH ênne HJIH
^(ocpe - c >KaTHe c H 3rn 6oM / +
0 , 802 2 , 4 x 2
< R0 7
HeHHbie^)
B Ta 6 jiHue o6o3HaqeHO
—
N , M uQ pacqeTHoe oceBoe ycnjwe, H3rH(5afoiAHH MOMCHT H
B paccMaTpHBaeMOM ceqeHHH ,
no -
—— nepeqHan cnjia
Fm H miomaAt H MOMCHT conpoTHBjieHHH ceneHHH Herro,

/ HT H / HT MOMeHTbl HHepUHH CeHBHHH HeTTO OTHOCHTeJlbHO TJiaBHblX
oceft ,
X H J — paCCTO HHH OT TJiaBHHX OCeft CeHeHHH AO TOHKH, B KO
^
TopoS BbiqHCJineTCH HanpH Kenne, ^
-
R0 H Rx — OCHOBHbie pacneTHbie COnpOTHBJieHHfl COOTBeTCTBeHHO
npH AencTBHH oceBbix CHJI H npn H3TH6e, npHHHMaeMbie
n 383,
—
corjiacHo
Rf pacqeTHoe conporaBjieHHe RJISI oAHOBpeMeHHoro AGHCT
BHH oceBoft CHJibi H H3rn6a B OAHOH H 3 rjiaBHbix nJio
--
cKocTeft, npHHHMaeMoe paBHbiM R0 npn aN aMt
#0 npH aN < aM ,
c=1 + 0, 3 HO He 6ojiee 1 , 15 ,
°AU
aN
aM
—— HanpBxceHHe B ceueHHH OT oceBoft CHUBI ,
HanpHH eHHe B npoBepneMOM MecTe ceneHHH OT mrn6 at
^
H GM — COOTBeTCTBeHHO 6ojibiuee HMEHBMEE Hanpa >KeHHH BnpoBe -
c'
— pneMOM MecTe ceqenHH OT H3rH6aiomHX MOMCHTOB H Myt
K 03 )( ) HUHeHT yBenHHeHHH pacneraoro conpoTHBjieHHH,
cJ J
yqHTbiBaiotAHH HepaBHOMepHoe pacnpeAejieHHe KacaTejib
Hbix HanpHJKeHHH B CTCHKC (HJIH cTeHKax ) ceqeHHH,
MX
-
npHHIIMaeMblH
„ T MaKC
npH -
^ <
cp
1 , 25
= 1,0,
115
npH ^TCp > 1 , 50
MaKC
c' = 1 , 25,
a npn npoMe>KyTonHbix 3HaneHH 5ix — no
JIKHCHHOH HHTepnoJiminH ,
tCp —
ocpeAHeHHoe KacaTejibHoe HanpHxceHne, BbiHHCJieHHoe
B npeAnojio >KeHHH nepe ann Been nonepenHofi cnjibi Q
^
Ha CTeHKH ce eHHH , RJ\ H oAHodeHnaToro ceneHHH
^
Q
Tcp — Hb 9
H— nojman BbicoTa CTCHKH ,

— HanOojibiuee KacaTeJibHoe HanpnHeHHe ,
TM 3 KC
Sep — CTaTH eCKHH MOMeHT yaCTH eeqeHHH OpyTTO OTHOCH
^
TeJIbHO HeHTpaJIbHOH OCH ,
-
16 p
6
—— MOMeHT HHepUHH CeneHHH 6 pyTTO ,
TOJUUHHa CTeHKH ,
T — KacaTejibHoe Hanpn >KeHHe B npoBepneMOM MecTe ce -
neHHH ,
a — HopMaJibHoe Hanpji KeHHe B npoBepneMOM MecTe cene
^
HHH , BbiHHCJieHHoe no ceneHHio Heno
-
n p i i M e q a H H H 1 n p H oflHOBpeMeHHOM ynere HecKOJibKHX (}>aKT0 p0 B,
Bbi 3biBaioiUHX
ônojiHHTejibHbie HanpH >KeHHH , yqnTbiBaeTCH O HH KOBC
uaeHT m 2, HaH 6oJibiiiHfi H 3 OTHOCJUUHXCH K yKa 3aHHbiM ( jjaKTopaM npoeepKa
npoqHOcm no KacaTejibHbiM n no NPHBE EHHBIM Hanpn eHHHM npn yneie
^^
H
^ ^
AOnOJIHHTeJIbHbIX HanpH êHHH He npOH 3BO,HHTC 5I
2 npOBepKa npo^ HOCTH c yqeTOM onojiHHTe ^ bHbix HanpH êHnn He OCBO
^
6ojK aeT OT Heo6xo£ HMOCTH npOBepKH npo^ HocTH 6e 3 yneia ono/iHHTejibHbix
-
^
HanpHJKeHHfi H 6e 3 BBeaeHHH ynasaHHux Kost HiineHTOB m2 npH STOM pac ^ -
^
neTHyio cxeMy pa 3pemaeTCH ocTaBJiHTb TOH x< e, no KOTOPOH npOH 3BOAHJicH
pacneT c yneTOM AonojiHirrejibHbix HanpHJKeHHii
418. rijiomaAH ceneHHH H MOM6HTH HHepunn HeTTO ajieMeHTOB cjie -
AyeT onpeAejiHTb BbmnTaHHeM H3 njiomaAn H MOMeHTa HHepurin Spyrro
HeBbiroAHeHineft KOM6 HH3U;HH AeficTBHTeJibHbix ocjiaOjieHHH oTAeJibHbix
HacTefl ajieMeHTa , yqHTbiBan nepeAany ycHjmfi cBHayiomHMH 3aKJien -
K3MH H CBapHbIMH IXIBaMH IlpH 3TOM paCHeTHbie COnpOTHBJieHHH MaTe -
pnajia SJieMeHTOB H COeAHHeHHH npHHHM3K)TCH B COOTBeTCTBHH c yxa
33HHHMH nil 383 H 384
-
419. PacueT Ha BbiHOCJiHBocTb sjieMeHTOB MeTajijmneCKHX KOH-
CTpyKUHH MOCTOB, BOCnpHHHMaiOmHX BpeMeHHyiO BepTHKaJIbHyiO Ha
rpy3Ky OCHOBHOTO coneTaHHH OT xcejie3HOAopo Horo noABHJKHoro co
--
^
CTaBa HJIH KOJIOHH aBTOMoOnjieft , npoH3BOAHTC5i corjiacHo OpMyJiaM
.
Ta6 /i 44 no HaHdojibniHM ( no aOcojnoTHon BeJiHHHHe) pacTnrnBaiomHM
HJW OKHMaiOlAHM HanpHXteHHHM , a RJIR CBapHbIX IHBOB , KpOMe Toro ,
^
no HanpH >xeHHHM Ha cpe3
OopMy bi Ta6 ji 44 HcnoJib3 yiOTC 5i Tax >Ke JXJIH onpeAeneHHH no
^
ax jieBbiM wacTHM BejinqHH oMdKl H a MUH npn
BbiHHcieHiiH K 03tjx})imu -
ehTOB x KaK Aria sjieMenTOB KOHCTpykmin , Tax n coeAHHemm 1
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0 ,024 0 ,00007X , HO He 6ojiee 0 ,015 /yin sjieMeHTOB
H3 yrjiepoAHCTOH CTSJIH H He 6ojiee 0,017 jyin 3JieivieH
—— -
TOB H 3 HH3KOJierHpOBaHHOH CTaJIH
PacneT BeueTCH B npe# nojio>KeHHH nocTOHHHoro 3HaneHHH Q no

Bceft
^npHMe
jiHHe ajieMeHTa
aHHe Coe ruiaHKH H nacTH neptJjopnpoBaHHbix

^ ^ HHiiTejibHbie
JIHCTOB B npoMe >KyTKax MOMV oTBepcTHHMH nep ( ) OpauHii paccnHTbiBaiOTca J
Ha ycjioBHyfo nonepeHHyw cnjiy Q Kai< sjieweHTbi 6e 3 pacKocnbix (JjepM , a
sjieMeHTbi coeAHHHieJibHOH pcuieTKH
.
440 rionepeHHyio
—
KaK 3JieMeHnbi pememaiux i})epM
cnjiy Q RJIH coeAHHHTejibHbix njiaHOK , nepc})0 -

pHpOBaHHblX JIHCTOB H COe HHHTeJIbHblX pellieTOK C>KaTO BbITHHyTbIX -
^
sjieMeHTOB, njioma b ceneHHH KOTopbix onpe eJieHa c yneTOM Koafy -
(JjHUHeHTa x ^
» T e no pacneTy Ha BbiHOCJWBOCTb , AonycxaeTCH onpe
^ -
AejiHTb no (fiopMyJie n 439 c yMHOHceHHeM BeJiHHHHbi Q Ha KoacjxjjHiiHeHT
T / a ecjiHnpHSTOMceqeHHeajieMeHTaonpeAeJieHO no pacT5DKeHHio ,
TO BejnmHHa Q yMHOJKaeTCH eme
H Ha OTHOineHne YCHJIHH OKSTHH K ycH -
jmio pacTHJKeHHH
B -
cHcaTo H3orHyTbix cociaBHbu sjieMeHTax K ycjiOBHOH nonepenHofl
Q £o6aBjiHexcH nonepenHan OT H3rn6a , Henocpe cTBeHHO
CHJie
yqHTbiBaeMoro B pacneTe
cnjia
^
.
441 ECJIH coe
^ HHHTejibHbie sjieMeHTbi
noneperaan
pacnojiojKeHbi B HecKOJibKHX
Q pacnpe
napajiJie;ibHbix , CHJia
а) npn
njiocKOCTnx
coeAHHHTejibHbix
TO
njiaHKax (peineTKax) HJIH nepcj ^ eJiHeTCH
)opHpoBaH
-
Hbix jiHCTax , a TaKJKe B cjiynae HX coneTaHHH nopoBHy Mexmy BceMH
njiocKOCTHMH njiaHOK ( peuieTOK) H neptfjopnpoBaHHbix JIHCTOB ,
—
б) npn cnjiouiHOM jiHCTe ( naxeTe) H coeAHHHTejibHbix njiaHKax
(peineTKax) HJIH nept})opHpoBaHHbix jiHCTax
HMM JIHCTOM H BceMH njiocKocTHMH njiaHOK (peuieTOK) HJIH nepcjDopn
—
nonojiaM Menc y ciuioin
^ -
-
.
pOBaHHbIX JIHCTOB
442 3jieMeHTbi coe
TOM SKCUeHTpHCHTeTa , ^ HHHTejibHOH pemeTKH paccnHTbiBaioTCH c yne
B03HHKaK)Ii;erO BCJieACTBHe OAHOCTOpOHHerO
-
npHKpenjieHHH K BCTBH crepjKHH
FI p u M e q a H H e B coe /uiHHTejibHOH pemeTKe H 3 IIOJIOC sKcueHTpn
CHT6T ycaoBHO He y HTbiBaeTcn
^
8 PACHET OnOPHfolX HACTEfl
443. HsmSaioiUHe MOMCHTH B BepxHHX Sajiancnpax onopHbix na-
cTeft npHHHMaiOTCH paBHHMH H 3rn6aK)ii;eMy MOMeHTy KOHCOJIH , 3arpy-
>KeHHOH paBHOMepHO pacnpe ejieHHOH Harpy 3 K0 H , cooTBeTCTByiomefi
^
npHTHaHHOH iuioma H onnpaHHH
^
444. npn pacneTe onopnbix nacTeii AOJDKHM 6bm> yqTeHbi yKa 3a-
HHH nn 124 H 133 , a RJIH no,HBH}kHbix onopHbix nacTen AOJDKHH yqn-
THBaTbCH TaiOKe 3 KcueHTpiicineTbi riepejiaqn jtaBjieHiiH Bcxe CTBiie
npo ojibiibix nepeMemeiimi KaTKOB (ceKropa ) 11
Oaiaaciiioc ^
^ 157
flpo oJibHbte nepeMetueHHfc no BH >KHbix onopHbix HacTeft nocA 6
ynexa ^HOCTOHHHOH narpy3Kii ^
OT pacneTHOH BpeMeHHofi
onpeAeJijnoTcn
BepTHKaJlbHOH Harpy3KH C AHHdMHHeCKHM K03( )( ) HIXHeHT0 M , a T3K >Ke JJ
OT B03j],eHCTBHH KOjie6aHHH TeMnepaTypbi
fl p H M e
H n e q a
B npoJieTHbix cTpoeHnax c oTHomenneM paccTOH
HHH Me >KAy epMaMH K npoJieTy wenee 1 /15 peKOMeu yeTCsi yMHTbiBaTb npw
-
^ ^
ONOJIHMEJIBHOM coqeTaHHH Harpy 30 K B03AeftcTBne Ha HenoABHacHbie onop
Hbie nacTH pa 3 HOCTn TeiunepaTyp noncoB rjiaBHbix <]) epM B pa 3 Mepe 15° C
^
445. PacneT paOonero aHKepHoro fiojiTa npoH3BOAHTcn
3a
^ ejiKH
c yueTOM K0344>HUHeHTa ycjioBHH pa6o mx 0 , 7 , pacneT no AHa - —
MeTpa bHOMy cenemio KaTKOB npn micJie HX He 6 ojiee AByx
^ c yne- —
TOM K03|( |
)( )HixHeHTa ycjioBHH paSora
—
titi 1 , 4 , npn neTbipex H 6oxee
H 6aâHCHpHoro pacnpeAejieHHH m2 = 1 , 2 —
KOHCTPyHPOBAHHE
9 OCHOBHblE TPEEOBAHHfl K KOHCTPyKUHflM

446. ripn npoeKTHpoBaHHH
ynHTbmaTb AonycKH npoKata H 3asoACKoro H3roTOBjieHHH H
CTaJibRbix KOHCTPYKU ,HH
-HeoSxo-
HaA ftejKHT
AHMOCTb yHH HKaUHH npOKSTa no npO HJIHM H A* HH 3M, COOTBeTCTByK)

UJ,en ^ ^
HCn0JIb30 BaHHJ0 MeTaJIJia C MHHHMaJIbHbIMH 0TX 0A 2 ^ -
MH H noTepHMH,
a Tax >Ke
-
MapxaM erajra HaA noKHT TaK >Ke npeAycMaTpHBaTb mnpo
no
Koe npHMeHeHHe aBTOMaTHnecKofi H nojiyaBTOMarnnecKOH CBapKH
-
(
yHH )HKau,Hio 3JieM6HT0 B , a TaioKe ceTOK n pHcyHKOB 3aKjienonHbix H

4
SOJITOBBIX OTBepcTHH , npn HaHMeHbineM KOJiHnecTBe pa3Hbix AHaMeT -
poB 3aKJienoK H 6OJITOB, C ofiecneneHneM o6 pa30BaHHH OTBepcTHH
no KOHAyKTopaM n KJienKH CKO6OH , a TaK>xe yAoScTBa cfiopKH H
BBINOJIHEHHH COeAHHeHHH SJieMeHTOB npn MOHT3>Ke
447 . npn
Ha 3HaneHHH KOHCTpyKiiHH cBapHbix npojieTHbix CTpoe
HHH , oTAeJibHbix CBapHbix ajieMeHTOB H y3 0B He cjieAyeT AonycKaTb
-
pe3KHX H 3MeHeHHH ceneHHfi , HenjiaBHbix nepexoAOB K H 3MeneHHOMy ^
J
Ce eHHIO H ApyrHX ( )aKTOpOB, BbI3bIBafOH];HX CHJIbHyK) KOHUeHTpanHlO
^
HanpJOKeHHH
Heo6xoAHMo TaKê ynHTHBaTb B03Mo>KHoe BpeAHoe BjiHHHHe cBa
pOHHblX Ae$OpMaUH 0 H HanpHJKeHHfi H AJIH yMeHbllieHHK 3TorO BJIHH-
-
HHH npeAycMaTpHBaTb cooTBeTCTByiomHe MeponpnnTHH KOHCTPYKTHB -
Horo H TexHo ornnecKoro xapaKTepa (cHHXceHHe KoHneHTpaunn Ha
^ -
npHJKeHHH H MexaHH ecKan o6 pa6oTKa cooTBeTCTByiomHx 30H , pocnycK
^
UIBOB , nopHAOK c6opKH H CBapKH 3JieMeHT0 B, npeABapHTejibHbifi BbirnS,
MeCTHHH nOAOrpeB KOHCTpyKRHH H AP ) *
.
448 FIpoJieTHbie CTpoeHHH H HX MOHTa >KHbie 6JIOKH AOJi >KHbi HMerb
npoAOJibHbie H nonepenHbie CBH 3 H , oSecnem-iBaiomHe npocTpaHCTBeH -
Hyio HeH3MeHfleMocTb KSK npojieTHbix CTpoeHHH npn 3Kcn «nyaTauHH,
ran H SJIOKOB B npouecce TpaHcnopTHpoBaHHH H MOHTa >Ka
1 aBT040 p0 >KHbIX II TOpO CKIIX MOCTOB yKa 3 aHHbie HH e MepOnpHaTHfl
^
npeztycMaipHBRiOTCH no ^ mocTbio HIM nacTti Ho B cjiy ae TH >Kejibix ycjioBH
^
pafioTbl KOHCTpyKUHH ,
^ ^ ^
158
BajioHHtte npo/ieTHfete cfpoeHHH , Kan npaBtfjio, KOJIHCHM HMeTb
npOAOJIbHbie CBH 3H B njIOCKOCTHX BepXHHX H HH >KHH \ nOHCOB IlpOJieT
Hbie CTpOeHHH C e3AOH nOHH3y MOryT 6bITb yCTpOeHbl OTKpbITbIMH , eCJIH
-
nocTaHOBKa BepXHHX CBH3en He onycKaeTcn ycJioBHHMH ra6apHTa
npoe3Aa npn ^
3TOM ycTOHHHBocTb BepXHHX nOHCOB oji KHa 6 biTb o6e -
^
cneneHa ycTponcTBOM nojiypaM , noMemeHHbix B njiocKOCTH KaJKjjofi ^
nonepeHHoft fiajiKH B cBapHbix npojieTHbix CTpoeHHHX H 3 6ajiOK
co cnjioniHoft cTeHKofl npn e3 e noBepxy npo ojibHbie CBH 3H peno
^ ^ -
MeH yeTCH yerpaHBaTb co CMemeHHeM OTHOCHTeJibHO ypoBHH noHCOB,
^
HO He 6oJiee new Ha
1
/ 5 Bbicora CTCHKH B STOM cjiynae npn Bcex
CHCTeMaX CBH 3efl , KpOMe KpeCTOBOH H nOJiypaCKOCHOH , CBH 3H AOJIJKHbl
npHKperuiHTbCH K cneunajibiibiM BeTpoBbiM noncaM HJIH ropH30 HTajib
HHM HenpepbiBHbiM peSpaM ncecTKocTH ripn HBJIHHHH B npoJieTHOM
-
CTpOeHHH 3JieMeHTOB, JKeCTKO CBH 3bIBaiOm,HX nOHCa SaJIOK HJIH (})epM
( HanpHMep >KeJie3o6eTOHHaH njiHTa) , pa3peuiaeTCH He ycTpaHBaTb
CBH3efl B COOTBeTCTByiOmeH nJIOCKOCTH , eCJIH OHH He TpefiyiOTCH
no ycJioBHHM MOHTanca
ApoHHbie npojieTHbie CTpoeHHH OJIHCHBI HMeTb npoaojibHbie CBH 3H
^
B njiocKOCTH npoe3H<eH nacrn n no KpafiHefi Mepe B njiocKOCTH o Horo
H3 nOHCOB apOK ^
. .
449 IlpoAOJibHbie CBH 3H , KaK npaBHjio, HOJUKHM 6biTb ixeHTpnpo
BaHbi c noHcaMH rjiaBHbix (JjepM , a KOHCTpyKUHH HX npHKpenJieHHH He
-
BbBbiBaTb H3rn 6a B nacTHX sjieMeHTOB rjiaBHbix ( jiepM
flOJOKHa
npo ojibHbix cBH3en K npoaoJibHbiM 6ajiKaM npoe3>Kefi
IloAKJienKa ^
qacTH He peKOMeH yeTCH
450. npn ^
e ne Ha nonepenHHax
3,
paccTOHHHe Menc yocHMHnpo -
HHX 6aJiOK ^ ^
KeJie3HOflopoJKHoro
3
ojib
npoe3Aa Ha 3 HaHaeTCH 1 , 90 M , a
Mexyty OCHMH rjiaBHbix SajioK
( >epM) npH OTCyTCTBHH 6aJIOHHOH
4
KJieTKH
.
— —
2 , 00 2 , 20 M
451 ripoAOjibHbie SajiKH >Ke -
jie3HOAopo>KHoro npoe3Aanpn npo -
jieTe HX Sojiee 3 , 0 M H npn OTcyT -
CTBHH nJIHTbl OJIHCHbl HMeTb BepX
^ -
HHe npo ojibHbie CBH 3H Flpo oJib -
^
Hbie 6ajiKH >xejie3HO£opo>KHbix ^
MOCTOB oJi Hbi HMeTb nonepenHbie
^ ^
CBH 3 H , pacnoJiaraeMbie Ha paccTOH -
HHHX , He npeBbimaiomHx 5 M
npn sra >KHOM pacnojio>KeHHH npo -
ojibHbix 6 ajiOK Ha nonepeniibix
^
OajiKax nonepeHHbie CBH 3 H OJDK -
yCTpaHB 3TbCH Ha# Ka >K OH ^
Hbl
nonepeHHOH O JIKOH H B naHejinx
^
^
Ha paccTOHHHHx , HC npeBbiiuaio -
LUHX 5 M
159
.
452 B npoe3>KeH nacTH npn oSocHOBamm pacneTOM onycKaeTcn
^
ydpaiiBaib npo oJibHo- no BH /KHbie onupamiH ( pa3 pbiBbi ) npo oJibHbix
^
5aaOK B MHHHMaJIbHOM KOJIHHeCTBe ^ ^
KoHCTpyKUHH npoAOJibHo- noABH >KHoro onHpaHHH AOJi >KHa oSecne-
HBarb B33HMHbre nepeMemeHHH KOHUOB npoAOJibHbix OaJioK B npo oJih-
^
HOM HanpaBjieHHH H He ojiJKHa onycKaTb IIO HHTHH orrHpaeMoro KOHua ^
^ ^
npo ojibnon 6ajiKH 0TH0CHTe;ibH0 coce Hero noMep /KHBaioiuero KOHua ^
^453. B npojieTHbix cTpoeHHHX , ^
HMeioiUHX npoAOJibHbie 6ajiKH , He
coe HHeHHbie Henocpe cTBeHHo c
^
npOAOJIbHbIMH CBH 3HMH TJiaBHblX ^
4)epM , TpeSyeTCH ycTpaHBaTb cne
-
UHajIbHbie T0pM03 Hbie CBH 3H
n p H M e q a H H e flpn Ha
JIHMHII npOAOJibHo notfBHHuibix
omipaimS ( pa 3 pbiBOB) npoiioxrbHbix
6aJ10 K T0 pM 03Hbie CBH 3H aOJlJKHbl
6 biTb ycTpoenbi Ha K 3 >KIOM H 3
yqacTKOB, pacnoJio >KeHHbix we y
pa 3pbiBaMH ^
.
454 ripojieTHbie cTpoeHHH AOJDKHLI SbiTb npncnoccSjieHbi jyin
no êMKH oMKpaTaMH
^ ^
10 CEHEHHfl H THEKOCTb 9J1EMEHT0 B
.
455 JlonycKaiOTCHcjiejiytomHe HanMeHbume pa3Mepbi ceneHHH
HaCTeH KOHCTpyKIXHH B MHJIJIHMeTpaX
TOJHUHHa JIHCTOB B npojieTHbix CTpoeHHHX H onopax , KpoMe nepe -
HHCjieHHbix HH >Ke cjiynaeB,
TOJHUHHa y3JIOBbIX (
—
fiaCOHHblX
10 ,
.
JIHCTOB T iaBHblX }
( ) epM
B JKeJie3HOAOpOH< HbIX MOCTaX — 12 B aBTO£OpO>KHbI \ H TOpO/lCKHX

Moctax — 10 ,
TOJimHHa BepTHKajibHbix CTCHOK cBapubix H 3rndaeMbix rJiaBHbix
GajioK —
12 ,
8, —
TOJiuxHHa njiaHOK
TOJiiuHHa npOKjia oK 4,
^ —
TOJHUHHa ropH30 HTaJIbHbIX OnopHbIX TIHCTOB
TOjimHHa ToneHbix OOJITOB
man6
20,
6, —
yrojiKH B ceneHHHX OCHOBHBIX aneMeHTOB rjiaBHbix $epivi H npoe3>Kefl
nacTH
—
yrojiKH
+
100 100 X 10 ,
npHKpenJieHHH npo
ojibHbix 6aJioK K nonepeHHHM H
^
yrojiKH npHKpenJieHHH nonepen-
HblX 6ajIOK K TJiaBHblM | ( )epMaM
B >KeJie3HO/],OpO}KHbIX MOCTaX —
+
100 100 X 12 ,
160
yrojiKH CBH 3eii — 80 + 80 x 8,
yiWIRH
63 + 63 x 6
COe
HaH6onbmaa TorcmHHa
HHHTeJIbHOfi
^ pemeTKH
nponaTa B KJienaHbix sjieMeHTax 20 'M M 9

COCTaBHbIX CTepjKHefi
—
—
B CBapHbIX H 3 yi7iep0£ HCT0H CTaJIH
CTaJIH —
40 MM
—
50 MM , H3 HH3K0JierHp0BaHH0fi
.
456 B
HHX rjiaBHbix
paSoTaioiimx na oceBbie CHJIH sjieMeHTOB CKIOS
ceneHnnx
MeTajui jojixceH 6 hnh CKOHixeHTpupoBaH , rjiaMMM
-
ofipa30M , B BepTHKajibHbix naneiax ( BHTOCKOCTH (})epMbi) BCTBH MC
MeHTOB , OCOSeHHO QKaTbIX , npe nOMTHTeJIbHO COeAHHflTb CnJIOUIHHM
-
JIHCTOM ^
.
457 CeêHHH cBapHbix ajieMeHTOB AOJDKHH 6biTb
BO3MO>KHOCTH no
CHMMeTpHnHbIMH H COCTaBJieHHbIMH H3 MHHHMSJIbHOrO HHCJia nacTefi
c TeM , nio6bi KOjinnecTBo coe HHHTeJibHbix UIBOB 6bijio HanMeHbinHM
^
IIpHMeHeHHe naxeTOB JIHCTOB He peKOMeH,nyeTCH H aonycKaeTCH Jinnib
npn KpaHHeft B 3T0M HeodxOflHMOCTH KoJIHHeCTBO CTbIKOB B paCTHHyTHX
WaCTHX 3JieMeHTa &OJDKHO 6bITb MHHHMaJIbHbIM
.
458 CooTHomeHHH Me>Kfly pacneTHoft niHpHHOH b H TOJimnHoft 6
oT eJibHbix naxeTOB (JIHCTOB) cociaBHbix cHcarax ajieMeHTOB He AOJUKHB
^
npeBbiinaTb BejiHTOH , npHBe eHHbix B TaCji 51
^ Ta 6 JI H u a 51
HaHtiojibume oTHOuieHHsi uiHpHHbi naneTOB ( JIHCTOB ) K HX TOJim, HHe
N*° no
XapaKTepncmKa
Pac^ eTHan rn6 b
nop naneTOB (JIHCTOB ) KOCTb 9 jieMeHTa X OTHomewHe
8
1 riaKeTM ( jiHCTbi ) , pacnojioxceH

Hbie B nJlOCKOCTH (}) epMbI, H 3
-
CTaJIH
yrjiepo HCTOH MeHee 60 35
^ 60 H 6onee 0 ,60X, HO He Gojiee 50,
HH 3KOJiernpOBaHHOfi MeHee 65 30
65 H 6oJiee —
0,85X 25 , HO He 6o-
Jiee 50
2 naKeTbi ( JIHCTH ) , pacnojiOKeH

HHe nepneH ,HHKyjiHpHO HJIOC
4
KOCTH >ePMbI
a ) B KJienaHbix H CBapHbix
sjieMeHTax ( KpOMe CBap -
Hbix sjieMeHTOB H o6 pa 3
Horo ceneHHH ) H 3 CTajiH
yrjiepo HCTofi MeHee 60 45
^ 60 H OoJiee 0 , 35 X 4- 25 , HO He 6o-
jiee 60
HH 3KOJiernpoBaHHOH MeHee 65 40
65 H 6oJiee 0, 60X, HO He Oojiee 60
6) B CBapHbix ajieMeHTax
H o£5 pa 3 Horo ceneHHH H 3
CTaJIH
ynepo
^ HCTOH
HIl 3 hOJienipOBaHHOfl
He 6oJiee 60
Bo nee 60
He 6oiee 60
bo nee 60
— 35
X 25 HO ne 6ojiee 45
30
> — 30, HOHc 6ojiee 45
161
npoflOflxceHHe
Jto no PtcqeTHaa TH 6
nop XapaKrepHCTHKa naneTOB (JIHCTOB) KCCTb sjieMeHTa X OTHomeHHe — ~
0
3 OKafiMjieHHbie yroJinaMH HJIH

pedpaMH CBecti naxeTOB
( JIHCTOB ) H 3 CTaJIH
He Cojiee 60 20
^
yrJiepo HCTOH
Bojiee 60 0 , 25 M- 5 , HO He
6oJiee 30
HH 3KOJierHpOBaHHOfi He Conee 65 18
Bojiee 65 0 , 20 X +5 , HO He
6oJiee 30
4 CBoSo HHe ( HeoKaHMjieHHbie )

^
CEecM naneTOB ( JIHCTOB )
a) B KjienaHUx sjieMeH
Tax H 3 CTaJIH
yrJiepOAHCTofi He Gojiee 60 12
Bojiee 60 0 , 20 X , HO He
6o;iee 20
HH 3 KOJierHpOB3 HHOfi He 6ojiee 60 10
Bojiee 60 —
0 , 25 ? 5 , HO He
6ojiee 20
6) B CBapHbix sjieMeHTax
H 3 CTaJIH
yi jiepoAHCTofi He 6ojiee 60 14
Bojiee 60 0 , 15? + 5 , HO He
6o;iee 20
HH 3K 0JierHp0 BaHH0 H He 6ojiee 60 12
Bojiee 60 0 , 20 ) , HO He dojiee
20
n p H M e n a H H H 1 nyHKTH 1 H 2 TafijiHUbi OTHOCHTCH K naneTaM
( jIHLTaM) AByCTeHîaTblX CeqeHHH , BeTBH KOTOpblX COeAHHeHbl CnJlOUlHblMH HJIH
nepcJjopHpOBaHHbiMH jincraMH , nJiaHKaMH H T n , a TaiQKe K CTeHKaM \j B y
TaBpoBbix ceneHHfi , nyHKTU 3 H 4 OTHOCHTCH K naxeTaM ( jiHCTaM ) OAHocTeH
--
qaTbix , a TaKHce AHycTeHnaTbix ceneHHH , HMeiomHx oTKpbiTbie cTopoHbi , He
cBH 3aHHbie njiaHKaMH , H T n
2 PacneTHan uiHpHHa b naxeia ( jiHda ) no nn 1 H 2 xafijinubi npHHH
MaeTCH A * H KAenaHbix sjieMeHTOB paBHOH paccTOHHmo MejKAy dJiHXK <9 HiiiHMH
^
pHCKaMH 3aKJienoK , npHCoeAHHHKJiuHX JiHCTbi AaHHoro naxeia K O6OHM nep
neHAHKyjiHpHbiM ewy naxeiaM ( HJIH coeAHHHTejibHbiM CBH 3HM ) , a AJI* cBap -
—
Hbix MexKAV OCHMH nocjieAHHX PacneTHan uiHpHHa cBeca ( no nn 3 H 4
TaOJinubi ) npHHHMaeTCH paBHofl paccTOHHHio OT CBo6oAHoro Kpan naxeTa
( jiHCTa ) AO SjiHXKaniiieH PHCKH 3aKJienoK yrojina ( AJIH KjienaHbix ajieMeH
TOB) , HJIH AO OCH Qjiimauwero nahera ( jzucTa ) , pacnojioxteHHoro nepnen
AHKyjIHpHO ASHHOMy ( A*/IH CBapHbIX DJieMeHTOB )
-
3 B cjiyqanx , KorAa B cenemm ajieiueHTa HS yrjiepoAHCTOH CTaJIH He
«cnojib 30 BaHO pacneTHOe conpoTHBJieHne npn cxKaTHH , npHBeAeHHbie B TaS
jiHue OTHomeHHH 6 / B yBejiHHHBaiOTCH yMHo >KeHHeM Ha K 03(}xj) HUHeHT
-
HO He Gojiee 1 , 35 H npH STOM BO pcex cjivnanx OTHomeHHe b / h HeAOJi >KHO

npeBbimaTb AJIH BepTHKajioB 50 H ropH 30HTaAOB 60 3AeCb a COOTBCT -
ctByeT JieBofl nacTH cpopMyji TaCji 45
162
KpoMe -
Toro, B cxcaTbix 3JieMCHTax H o6 pa3iioro H AByTaBpoBoro
ceMeHHH TOJiiUHHa coeAHHHTeJibHoro naKera ( jiHCTa ) AOJUKHS coeraBUHTb
а) B KjienaHbix ajieMeHTax ——
He MeHee 0, 4<
б) B cBapHbix 3JieMenTax He MeHee 0,56 npn 6 R ; 30 M M
V
>
H He MeHee 0,66 B npn 25 M M , 3 ecb 6 B TOJiinHHa naxeia
SB <
^
( jiHCTa) , pacnoJiox<eHHoro B njiocKOCTH $epMbi ^ —
459 . npn
pacnojiojKeHHH no -
nepeHHH HenocpeACTBeHHo HaBepx -
HHX nOHCaX >Kejie3HOAOpO>KHbIX
MOCTOB SaJIKH AOJI 3KHH HMeTb IIO
Been JiHHe BepxHero nonca ropn
^
30 HTaJIbHbIH JIHCT IHHpHHOH He
-
MeHee 240 M M
.
460 CBapHbie 6ajiKH co cnjioiiiHOH CTeHKoft
peKOMenAyeTcn co -
CTaBJiHTb H3 oAHoro BepTHKajibHoro H AByx ropH 30 rirajibHbix JIHCTOB
ECJIH Tp$6yeMaH mrmHHa nonca cBapnofi fiaiKH 113 yrjiepoAHCTofi
CTajiH npeBocxoAHT 50 M M , a H3 HH3 KOJierHpoBaHHOH craJiH
TO AonycxaeTCH npHMeHeHne naneia no BO3 MO>KHOCTH He 6ojiee neM

40 M M , —
H3 AByX JIHCTOB lip II 3T0 M peKOMeHAyeTCH npHHHM3Tb paCCTOHIIHe OT
Kpan iimpoKoro JiHCTa AO KPOMKH y3i<oro JiHcra He MeHee 50 M M
.
< ^
461 onoJiHHTeJibHbm noncHOH JIHCT, oSpbiaaeMbiH B npojieTe
5ajnui , cneAyei npoAOjmHTb 3a MecTo ero TeoperanecKoro oSpbiBa
HJIH 3a MecTo AeftcTBHTeJibHoro oSpbiBa cjieAyiomero (6ojiee KopoTKoro)
AonoJiHHTejibHoro noncHoro JiHCTa Ha AJiHHy, o6ecneHHBaiomyK> npn
KpenjieHHe Been paSonefi njiomaAH ceneHHH JiHCTa c nocraHOBKOH
-
(B KJienaHbix KOHCTpyKUHax ) He MeHee Tpex PHAOB 3aKjienoK
.
462 njioiuaAb noHciibix yrojiKOB 6ajiOK co cnJiomHoft CTeHKoft
AOJiHCHa cocTaBjiHTb BOSMOJKHO dojibuiyio nacTb moiuaAH nonepenHoro
ceneHHH JIHCTOBBIX naxeTOB noncoB
.
463 IIlHpHHa HeoKaHMjieHHoro cBeca cncaToro nonca CBapHbix
6ajioK c e3Aoft noBepxy He AOJUKHa npeBbimaTb
B 5KeJie3HOAOpOJKHbIXMOCTaX 10 0
H 0,3 M
— B aBT0A0 p 0>KHbIX
MocTax ——
15 5 H
H
0,4
TOpOACKHX
M
IIlHpHHa H TOJHAHHa naKeTa 3Aecb o TOJiiUHHa nonca.
ropH30 HTajibHbix JIHCTOB (H ypo -
BeHb npHKpenjieHHH cBH 3en ) AOJI >K -
Hbl ABBBTb B03MO >KHOCTb yKJiaAKH
HopMajibHbix MocxoBbix SpycbeB c
BpyfikOH H C CO0JIIOAeHHeM CTpOH -
TejibHoro noA'beMa nyTH
464, KoHCTpyKUHH npoAOJibHbix 6ajioK H HX npHKpenjieHHH B MecT£

nepeceneHHH c nonepenHbiMH fiajiKaMH , Kan npaBHjio , AOJinuia oSecne
HHBaTb BocnpHHHTHe oTppmaTejibHoro onopnoro MOMeHTa ( pH0KaMH
-
HJIH HenpepbiBHo nponymeHHHMH noncaMH )
413 H
.414,
465 rnSKocTb sjieMeHTOB, onpeAejineMan B cooTBeTCTBHH c nn
He AOJDKHB npeBbiuiaTb .
163
fljifl ajieMeHTOB rjiaBHbix 4>epM, paOoTaiomHX Ha cHcarae HJIH Ha
OKaTHe n Ha pacTHKeHne , a TaKJKe AM sjieMeHTOB noncoB rjiaBHbix
c})epMT paSoTaiomHX na pacTH >KeHHe, 100 , —
AJin paOoraioiHHX TOJibKO Ha pacTOHceHHe sjieMeHTOB rjiaBHbix
c})epM, KpoMe noncoB , a Taioxe AJIH He paOoTaiomHX Ha BpeMeHHyio Bep -
THKaJibHyio narpy3Ky 3 TeMeHT0B rjiaBHbix (pepM H CTHJKCK , cjiyacauuix
AJiH yMenbuieHHH CBOOOAHOH AJIHHM, 150 ,
AJIH pafioTaiomHX Ha OKarae HJIH Ha pacTfl êHne ajieMeHTOB npo
AOJIbHblX CBH 3CH TJiaBHblX cpepM H npOAOJIbHblX 6aJIOK , OHOpHblX no
--
nepeHHbIX CBH 3efi H T0 pM03HbIX CBH 3eH 130, —
AJIH padoTaioimix Ha pacTHH<e-
HHe 3JI 0MeHTOB npOAOJIbHbIX CBH -
AJIJI pafioTaioiUHX
3eft aBTOAOpOJKHbIX MOCTOB
Ha anarae HJIH Ha pacTHJKeHHe ajieMeHTOB none

—
180,
-
penHbix cBH 3eft B npojieTe —
150 ,
AJIH 3jieMeHT0B cBHsefl , paSotaiomHX TOJibKO Ha pacraHceHae , ecjm
npe ycMaTpuBaeTCH HaTHxceHHe HX npH cOopKe, 200 , —
^
flJIH COeAHHHTeJIbHOH peUieTKH CJKaTbIX SJieMeHTOB 150 ,
flJIH COeAHHHTeJIbHOH peilieTKH OKaTbIX 3JieMCHT0B npn ABOHHOfi
—
pemeTKe, CKJienaHHOH H3 nojioc npHMoyroJibHoro ceneHHH ,
.
180
466 rnfiKocTb BCTBH cocTaBHoro crep>KH 5i He AOJDKHa npeBbiuiaTb
—
—
npn paOoTe Ha cxcaTne 40, a B ociajibHbix cjiynanx 50 —
11 PEBPA )KECTKOCTH CnjIOUIHblX H 3rHBAEMb!X EAJIOK
.
467 rionepenHbie pe6pa (yrojiKH) xcecTKocTH B cnjioixiHbix H3rn 6ae -
MHX daJiKax AOJDKHBI 6biTb nocTaBjieHbi Ha onopax H B MecTax nepe a
cocpe OToneHHbix CHJI ^
^
ripoMeKyTOHHbie nonepenHbie H npoAOJibHbie pe6pa xceeTKocTH
CTaBHTCH npn pacneTHoft BbicoTe CTeHKH h H3rH6aeMoft 6ajiKH , npeBbi -
-
maioineft 50 KpaTHyio TOJimnHy CTCHKH , B COOTBCTCTBHH C pacneTOM
CTeHKH OaJIKH Ha MeCTHyiO yCTOHHHBOCTb \
npn HeoOxo HMOCTH npHMeHCHHH npOAOJIbHbIX pe6ep JKeCTKOCTH
^
peKOMeiwyeTCH pacnojiaraTb HX Ha cJie/iyiomHX paccTOHHHnx OT c5Ka -
Toro nonca
—
npn OAHO ii peSpe — (0 , 20 0 , 25 )ht
npH f l p y x inn Tpex pe6 pax nepBoe pe6 po
BTopoe pe6 po — —
(0 , 15 — 0 , 20) /z ,
(0 , 40 — 0 , 50 ) h TpeTbe pe6 po pacnojiaraeTcn ,
Kax npaBHJio, B pacTHHyTOH 30He CTCHKH
. npn -
468 yivpenneHHH CTCHKH TonbKO nonepenHbiMH peSpaMii >kecT
KOCTH HiHpHHa Bbierynaiomefi nacni napnoro cHMMeTpHHHoro pe6 pa
AO ^JKHa dbiTb c .
Kax' Aofl CTopoHbi CTeHKH He MeHee
h .
+
_
40 MM
30
npH yKpenjieHHH cTeiiKH nonepenHbiMH H npoAOJibHHMH pc6 paMn
JKeCTKOCTH MOMeHTbl HHepUHH H \ CeHeKH # AOT5KHBI yAOBJICTPOpHTb (fjop-
MyjiaM
nonepeHHbie pe6 pa I = 3 /x 63,
H>4
npoAOJibHbie pefipa
/ . ( 2, 5 - 0 , 4 5 f ) — a* 3
h '
b
HO He MeHee 1 , 5 hb 3
H He 6ojiee 7 hb 3
FIpHHflTbie 3Aecb o6o3HaHeHH 5i cooTBeTCTByioT n 424
469 . Pe
6pa JKCCTKOCTH cne yeT npHMeHHTb napHbiMH , ciiMMeTpHH -
HblMH , BblCTynaiOIUHMH no o6e CTOpOHH CTeHKH ^
B cjiynae pacnoJioJKeHHH pefiep c O,O;HOH CTOPOHH CTCHKH MOMCHT
HHEPUHH SepeTCH 0TH0CHTeJibH0 OCH , coBna aiomeH c 6 jiH âHmeH
K pe6 py rpaHbio CTCHKH ^
TojiiUHHa pe6pa JKCCTKOCTH aojDKHa cocTaBjiHTb He MeHee 1/ l 0 UIH -
pHHbi BbiCTyna H He MeHee 10 MM
470. B KjienaHbix SajiKax Topubi pe6ep >KCCTKOCTH ( BbierynaiowHe
nojiKH yrojiKOB H JIHCTH) B Meerax nepe ann cocpe oTOHeHHbix CHJI
AOJIJKHBL npnrOHHTbCH K r ^ ^
0 pH 30 HT3JIbHbIM nOJIKaM nOHCHbIX yrojiKOB
H npOBepHTbCfl Ha CMHTHe
n p H M e q a H H H 1 BepTHKajibHtie yrojiKH acecTKocTH , pacnojio

H eHHbie B npojieie 3a HCKJiicmeHHeM MecT nepe anw cocpe oToqeHHbix CHJI ,
-
.^ c Bbica KOH ^ ^
nonycKaiOTCH
^
2 npnroHKa BucTynaiomHX nojiOK yro^ KOB HtecTKOCTH noa nonepeqmiaMH
Heo6 H 3aTejibHa
471 . ropH30 HTajibHbie pefipa JKCCTKOCTH B cBapHbix dajixax cjie

AyeT npHMeHHTb Jinrnb B Tex cjiynanx , Kor a oOecneneHHe MCCTHOH
-
yCTOHHHBOCTH CTeHKH 3a CHeT IlOCTaHOBKH O HHX BepTHK3JIbHbIX ^ ^
pe6ep JKeCTKOCTH H yBeJIHHeHHH TOJUUHHbl CTeHKH OKa3bIBaeTC 5I
Heue ecoo6 pa3HbiM
^
Pe6 pa jKecTKocTH , napaJUiejibHbie cibiKOBbiM uiBaM CTCHKH , AOJUKHU
6biTb y,najieHbi OT 3aB0£CKHX CTHKOB Ha paccTOHHHe He MeHee 10 o
( rjXQ 0 —
TOJUUHHa CTeHKH ) , a OT MOHTdJKHblX CTbIKOB
Hne, onpe ejiaeMoe c yneTOM TpefioBaHHH MOHT3>KHOH CBapKH cTbma
HapaCCTOH — -
. ^
472 Pe6pa JKCCTKOCTH cJie yeT npHBapHBaTb c oSeHX CTOPOH CTCHKH
^
SaJlKH CHMMeTpHHHO, CIUIOIHHHMH ByCTOpOHHHMH IHB3MH
^
ripn nepeceneHHH cTbiKOBbix UIBOB CTCHKH pe6pa JKCCTKOCTH H iHBbi,
npHKpenjiHiomHe HX K CTeHKe, nponycKaiOTCH Ha CTBIKOM 6e3 nepe
^ -
pbma
B MecTax nepeceneHHH ropH 30 HTaJibHbix H BepTHKajibHbix pe6ep
JKCCTKOCTH peKOMeHflyeTCH nponycKaib HenpepbiBHbiMH ropH 30 HTajib~
Hbie pe6pa H HX niBbi , a BepTHKaJibHbie pe6pa —
npepbiBaTb H npHKpen
JIHTb K HHM yrjIOBbIMH IHB 3 MH , npH HenpepbIBHbIX BepTHK 3JIbHbIX pe6-
-
pax JKCCTKOCTH ropH 30 HTajibHbie pe6pa OJIJKHBI npHBapHBaTbcn K HHM
C nOJIHbIM npOBapOM TOJimHHbl ^
473. B BepTHKajibHbix pefipax JKCCTKOCTH , B MecTax HX npHMbma -
HHH K nOHCaM 6aJIKH , K r0 pH30 HT3JIbHbIM pe6paM JKCCTKOCTH HJIH ropH
30 HT3JibHbiM ( jjacoHKaM npo ojibHbix CBH 3CH , npHBapeHHbiM K CTeHKe
-
^
OdJiKH , Heo6xo;iHMo npegiycMaTpHBaTb CKpyrjieHHbie npHMoyroJibHbie
165
—
Bbrpe3bi c pa3MepaMH no BbicoTe 80 120 MM , no uinpHHe 50 80 MM
H paAH coM CKpyrjieimn ne Menee 20 MM
>
—
Jim Bbipe30 B na Koimax pe6ep KCCTKOCTH , npHMbiKaromHX K nos -
caM OajiKH , peKOMeHAyeTCH npHMeHHTb OoAbiime 3HaneHHH H3 ynasaH
Hbix pa3MepoB
-
474, KOHUBI BepTHKajibHbix pe6ep JKCCTROCTH AOAJKHBI njiOTHO npn
MbiKHTb K noncHbiM AHCTaM OajiKH , AJIH Hero CAeAyeT npeAycMaTpHBaTb
-
nocTaHOBKy npoKJiaAOK Mem&y KOHUOM pe6 pa H noscoM
—
npOKJiaAKH AOJI Hbl HMeTb TOAIAHHy 16 20 MM H IUHpHHy 30
^
40 MM , OHH AOJI >KHbI CTaBHTbCH Ha MeCTO C TyrOH nOCaAKOH H npHBapH
BaTbcn TOAbKO K pe6 py xcecTKocTii yrAOBbiMH HiBaMH JIonycKaeTCH
—-
npHBapHBaTb peSpa JKCCTKOCTH HenocpeACTBeHHo K AHCTy OKaToro nonca
6aAKH , a TaioKe K AHCTy HH >KHero nonca na onope, npeAycMaTpHBaTb
npHBapxy pe6ep JKCCTKOCTH K pacTHHyTOMy nosey , Kaic npaBHAO, He
cAeAyeT
12 TPEEOB AHHfl K KJlEFlAHblM H CBAPHbIM COE HHEHHflM

.
475 SKCixeHTpncHTeTOB
^
Mes<Ay ueHTpaMH THJKecTH ceneHHH nacTeH
KOHCTpyKUHH B CTbIKe H BHe CTbIKa CAeAyeT no B03MOJKHOCTH H36eraTb,
KpoMe CAysaeB, KorAa SKeueHTpHHHoeTb yAynmaeT padoTy KOHCTpyK -
UHH
CeneHHH , coeroHiime H3 OAHOTO HAH Asyx YROAKOB, pa3pemaeTCS
ueHTpHpOBaTb no pnene
npHMeqaHne
jieHHe HeH 36e HO , cJie
B T e x cjiyqanx , Koraa sKeueHTpHqHoe npHKpen -
^ yeT B cBapHofi KOHCTpyKUHH npH oAHOCTeHqaTbix
ceqeHHHx ^
sJieMeHTOB ocymecTBJiHTb npHKpenjieHne no BceMy KOHTypy coe -
.
476 CTbIKH BepTHK 3AbHOH CTeHKH 6aAKH AOA >KHbI fibITb
nepeKpbITbl
no BceH BbicoTe CrbiKOBbie HaiyiaAKH noflCHbix yroAKOB AonycKaeTcs
npHMeHHTb B BHAe nAOCKHX AHCTOB C AByMH H OOAee pHA3MH 3aKAenOK
.
477 B cAynae, ecAH npHKpenAeHHe HAH CTBIK SAeMeHTa rAaBHofi
cfiepMbi ocymecTBAeHbi c HenpsMbiM nepeKpbiTHeM nAomaAH ceseHHH , TO
HENOCPEACTBEHHO npHKpenAeHHas nAomaAb AOA >KHa cocTaBASTb He
wenee 50 % Been paOoneft nAomaAH 3AeMeHTa
ripH 3TOM CAeAyeT, HaCKOAbKO B03M0>KH0, yMeHbUiaTb SKCUeHTpH
cHTeT B npHKpenAeHHH HaKAaAOK H yBeAHHHBaTb AAHHy nocAeAHHX
-
.
478 HaHMeHbinee HHCAO 3aKAenoK npHKpenAeHHH CTep >KHH B npo -
AOAbHOM psAy ( KpoMe AnaroHaAen coeAHHHTeAbHOH pemeTKH ) Aony -
CKaeTCH npn OAHOM psAe 3aKAenoK
—
3, npn AByx H OoAee psAax
B BbicTynaiomeH noAKe yroAKQBoro KopoTbima 5 —
2, —
B CTblKaX H npHKpenAeHHHX paCTHHyTbIX H C >KaTO BbITHHyTblX -
3AeMeHTOB KOAHHecTBo 3aKAenoK , no KpaHHen Mepe B AByx nepBbix
nonepenHbix psAax , CHHT3H OT ceseHHH 3AeMeHTa HAH HaKAaAKH c noA -
HblM yCHAHeM , AOAJKHO 6 birb OAHHaKOBbIM , npH 3T0M B CTblKaX H npH
KpenAeHHHX yroAKOB c AByxpHAHHM pacnoAOJKeHHeM 3aKAenoK nepBas
-
3aKAenKa AOAyRHa 6brrb pacnoAo>KeHa y o6yuiKa
160
479 . aMeTp satuienoK ,
x
B yrojinax OCHOBHBIX 3 jie
nociaBjieHHbix -
MenTOB , npe nomHTe Sojiee / 4 uiHpHHbi IIOJIKH yroJina
^ /ieH He
B BbiHysc eHHbix cjiynanx AonyckaeTCH B 3JieMeHTax CBH 3efi , pe6 -
^
pax >KecTKOCTH , AHa jparwax H AP CTaBHTb 3aKjienKH AHaMeTpoM
^
23 MM B nojiKe yroJina IHHPHHOH 80 MM H AHaMeTpoM 26 MM B nojine
UlHpHHOH 90 MM
.
480 jJjiHHa 3aKJienoHHoro CTep >KH5i B Tejie (Me>KAy nocTaBjieHHbiMH
rojioBKaMu) AOJi KHa 6biTb He 6ojiee 4 , 5 A aMeTpoB 3aKJienoHHoro OT
^ ^
BepcTHH , HHCJIO CKjienbiBaeMbix Teji B naneTe AOJIJKKO 6 u r h He 6oJiee
-
npn AHaMeipe 3ahJienoK 23 MM
26 MM — 8
—
7, a npn A aivieTpe 3aKjienoK ^
npn KAenxe B ABa nneBMaTHHecKHX MOJioTKa HJIH C npHMeHeHHeM
-
yAapHo nHeBMaTHHechOH noAAep >KKH , HJIH >Ke na cxoSe TOjimHHa CKjien -
KH Mo>KeT 6biTb yBeJinqeHa AO 5, 5 AHaMeTpoB , a HHCJIO cKJienbiBaeMbix
Teji npH a TOM Mo>KeT 6 biTb yBeJiHHeHO npn A aMeTpe 3aKJienoK 23 MM
Ao 8, a npH AHaMerpe 3aKjienoK 26 MM AO 9

^
npn TOJimHHe CKJienbiBaeMoro naxeTa , npeBbirnaiomeH 3,5 Ana
MeTpa 3aKAenoHHoro OTBepcTHH , AOJIJKHH HpeAycMaTpHBaTbCH 3aKjienKH
-
C KOHHHeCKHM CTepJKHeM H nOBblllieHHbIMH 3aKJI 3AHbIMH TOJIOBKaMH
.52
481 PacnoJio>KeHHe 3aKjienoK AOJI >KHO yAOBjieTBopHTb yKa3aHHHM
xa6 ji
Ta 6 jmua 52
AonycTHMbie paecToaHna Mexc y 3aKJienKaMH
^ AonycTHMoe paccTOHHHe
HopMHpyeMblH
HanpaBjieHue BHfl yCHJlHH
pi 3 Mep MaKCHMajIbHOe MHHHteaAbHOe
no .unaroHajiH 3,5 d
MeHbinee H 3
B JIHCTaX
no KpaHHeMy
7 d H 16 S
p Ay PacT5i >KeHHe
Meanly
^ B yrojiKax H cJKaTHe 160 MM
ueHTpaMH
3aKJienoK nonepex 3d
yCHJIHH
24 h
no cpeAHeMy
PW PacTB >KeHHe 24 5
BflOJIb
yCHJIHH 16 5
C >xaTHe
npn JIIO6 bix BAOJib yen

KpOMKaX J1 HH H no 2 d
AnaroHajiH
OT ueHTpa
saKJienxi PacTHxteHHe MeHbinee H 3
AO Kpaa
npn c6 pe 3 H OKaTHe 8 0 H 120 M M
HOH KpOMKe
sjieMema nonepex
yCHJIHH
npn npoxaT 1 , 54
HOfi KpOMKe
167
B TafijiHue o6o3HaqeHo
d — AHaMeTp 3aKJienouHoro oTBepcTHH ,
—
6 TOJimHHa HaHdojiee TOHKOH H 3 CKJienbiBaeMbix uaciefi
IlpHMeqaHHe K HaxoaHinHMca B KpaftHeM pn /ty OTHOCHTCH sax
jienKH ,
npoxo
nocTaB eHHbie B JiHCTax
^
nmen y nepa yroJixa
no KpafiHen pncxe , a B - —
yro Jiicax no pHcxe ,
^
482. Ha uepTe>Kax npoeKTa cBapHbix KOHCTPYKUHH Hajyie>KHT
yKa 3biBaTb
a) THribi H pa 3Mepbi Bcex IIIBOB H o(5o3 HaueHHH- MOHTa >KHbix H 3aBOfl
CKHX IIIBOB ,
6) cnocoS BbinoJiHeHHH Bcex CBapHbix IIIBOB (aBTOManmecKaK , no;iy-
aBTOMaTHMecKaH H pyuHan cBapxa ) , a TaiQKe nocJieAOBaieJibHOCTb HX
HaJio eHHH ,
^
B) Heo6xoAHMocTb o6pa6oTKH KpOMOK H BHA o6pa6oTKH ,
r) 30 HH noJiHoro npoBapa no TOJimnHe (cKB03Horo nponJiaBjieHHH ) ,
£) cfjopMbi eTa eu c pa3MepaMH , OTHOCHIUHMHCH K MexaHHuecKOH
^ ^
o6pa6oTKe CBapHbix UIBOB H 3OH KOHueHTpaunu HanpHKeHHH , pexoMeH -
auHH no cnocoSaM ee BbinoJiHeHHH , a Taione Bee MecTa KOHCTpyKUHH ,
^
no JieJKaiime o6pa6oTKe
^ .
483 npHMeHeHne cBapKH K CJIOJKHHM npoxaTHbiM npocjwjiHM (#By -
TaBpaM , uiBejuiepaM ) B sjieMeHTax rJiaBHbix $epM H npoe35KeH uacra
KanHTajibHbix MOCTOB ne onycxaeTCH npHMeHeHne KOMdHHHpOBan -
^
HblX CTbIKOB , OCymeCTBJlHeMHX CBapKOH B CTbIK H yCHJieHHbIX HaKJia -
KaMH , npHBapeHHblMH yrJIOBbIMH UIB 3 MH , He peKOMeHAyeTCH ^
npHMeHeHHe 3 j i e K T p o 3 a K j i e n o K
B 5Kejie3HO£OpO}KHbIX MOCTaX He B aBTOAOpOHCHblX H ropO£CKHX

MocTax onycnaeTCH TOJibKo RJIX
aonycKaetcfl
^
HepaSouHx coe HHeHufl
^
npe ycMaTpuBaTb 3aBapKy MOHTantHbix OTBepCTHH He aonycKaeTCH .
484.^ yrjioBbie IHBH ROJIMHH npHMeHHTbcn , nax npaBHjio, c Bomy -
THM ouepTaHHeM HX noBepXHocTH H C nJiaBHbiM nepexo oM K OCHOB-
HOMy MeTajuiy ^
OjiaHroBbie uiBbi coe HHeHUH , pa6oTaioui nx Ha ocesyio cHjiy , MoryT
^ , TaK H BblnyKJIOH JjOpMbl HJIH HMeTb n;io-
BbinOJIHHTbCH KSK BOrHyTOft
,
(
cxyio noBepxHocTb
ripH npuMeHeHHH JIOSOBHX UIBOB peKOMeH yeTCH oTHoiueHue 6 -
^
rnero KaTeTa K MeHbiueMy AeJiaTb paBHbiM OT 2 &o 2 , 5 , npH 3TOM 6 -
ojib
ojib
IUHA KaTeT &oji >KeH 6 bm> HanpaBJieH Bj\oj\b ycujiHH , BoenpHHHMaeMoro
JI 060 BHM UIBOM
.
485 Pa3Mepn yrjioBbix CBapHbix UIBOB cjie/iyeT Ha3HanaTb B03
M#>KHO MHHHMaJIbHbIMH HO paCUeTy Ha npOHHOCTb H BbIHOCJIHBOCTbt
.
Kax npaBH no, He MeHee ynasaHHbix B Ta6 ji 53
iXjiHtia yrjioBoro ;io6oBoro HJIH cjwiaHroBoro uiBa AOJiJKHa 6bm> He
aa
&iee 60 MM H He MeHee UIECTHKPATHORO pa3Mepa KateTa uiBa
168
486. CTbIKOBbie T a (5 JI H u a 53
niBbi , KaK npaBHJio , HaHMeHbiuiie pa 3Mepw nateia yrjiOBoro uiBa
cjieAyeT npHMeHHTb c PasMepbi KaTeTd B MM
flByCTOpOHHefi CBapKOH ToJimuHa 6oJiee B KOHCTpyKUHHX CTdJIH
TOJlCTOrO H3
H 63 aBHCHM0 OT (})OpMbI cBapHBaeMbix
H H 3KOJierH pOB 3 H
J1HCTOB B M M yrviepoAHCTOfl
nO rOTOBKH ' KpOMOK HOfi
^
B cjiynanx , Korjia
- Ho 14 6 8
3aTpyAHiiTejibH0
nOJlHHTb
HK>K) CBapKy , ^
BH
ByCTOpOH -
Aony -
——
15 25
26 40
8
10
10
12
41 H (5o.nee 12
CKaeTCH npHMeHeHHe
OAHOCTOpOHHefi CBapKH
B CTbIK npH yCJlOBHH n p H M e q a H H e yica 3aHHbie B TaCjmue Ha -
ofiecneneHHH nojiHoro HMeHbinHe pa 3Mepbi Kaieia
HOCHTCfl K OAHOAyrOBOH CBapKe
yrjiOBoro uiBa OT -
npoBapa KopHH uiBa ,
a B paCTHHyTbIX CTbl -
nax — TaioKe H nocjieAyiomefi MexaHHHecKoft o6pa6oTKH uiBa B STOM
MECTE
.
487 TojuuHHa cTbiKOBoro uiBa He AOJHKHa 6 biTb MeHbiue TOJUAHHU
CBAPHBAEMBIX JIHCTOB
npH npOeKTHpOBaHHHXTbIKa JIHCTOB pa3JIHHHOH TOJHUHHbl peKOMeH -
AyeTCH npHMeHHTb CTbIKOBbie uiBbi c nepeMeHHofl TOJHAHHOH A IH C03Aa
^ -
HHH njiaBHoro nepexoAa OT TOHKOTO JiHCTa K 6oJiee TOJiCTOMy Ilpn STOM
A IH pacTHHyTbix H c>KaTO- BbiTHHyTbix cTHKOBbix coeAHHeHHH Aonyc
^ -
KaeTCH yKjioH noBepxHOCTH mBa 1 8, a RJM c>KaTbix craKOBbix coeAH -
HeHHH —1 4 ECJIH pa3HHua B TOJimHHax cTbiKyeMbix JIHCTOB TaKOBa ,
HTO npH HOpMaJIbHbIX pa3AeJIKaX KpOMOK yKJlOHbl nOBepXHOCTH UiBa
nojiyuatOTCH 6oJibme yKa3aHHbix , HCO6XOAHMO npeAycMaTpHBaTb CKOCBI
( no TOJimHHe) Ha KOHue 6ojiee TOJICTOTO JiHCTa c TCMH >Ke BeJiHHHHaMH
yKJIOHOB
.
488 B coeAHHeHHHX H npHKpenjieHHHX pacTHHyTbix H c>KaTO Bbmi
Hyrax CBapHbix sjieMeHTOB, a TaKJKe B npHKpenjieHHHX K HHM Apyrnx
- -
nacTeft KOHCTpyKUHH AOJHKHa SbiTb ofiecneneHa njiaBHOCTb nepexoAa OT
CTBIKOBORO , nonepeuHoro HJIH KOCOTO yrjiOBoro uiBa, a TaK>Ke OT KOHUOB
npoAOJibHbix yrjioBbix UIBOB K ocHOBHOMy MeTajiJiy STHX sjieMeHTOB,
Am Hero B yxasaHHbix nurne cjiyqanxcjieAyeT npeAycMaTpHBaTb npHMe -
HeHHe MexaHHHecKofl o6 pa6oTKH cooTBeTCTByioiuefl nacTH noBepx -
.
HOCTH UIBOB H 30H KOHUCHTpauHH HanpHJKeHHH
489 B ajieMeHTax cocTaBHoro ceneHHH npepbiBHcrae coeAHHHTejib
Hbie uiBbi He AonycxaioTCH
-
B coeAHHeHHHX «BTaBp» , o6pa3yeMbix npn noMomn ABycTopoHHnx
yrjioBbix UIBOB , noJiHbin npoBap Heo6n 3aTejieH , ecjin Bee nacTH
ceneHHH 3anpoeKTHpoBaHbi Ha Been A HHe daJiKH HJIH ajieMeHTa 6e3
oSpbiBa ^
B cjiynae coeAHHeHHH nacTefi
cocTaBHoro sjieMeHTa OAHOCTOPOHHHMH
uiBaMH AonycKaeTCH HenpoBap Tonmniibi TOHKoro JiHCTa , pa 3 Mep He -
npoBapa He AOJDKCH npeBbimaTb 4 MM H BejiHHHHbi 0 , 25 o , rAe 8
TOJIUIHHa TOHhOro JiHCTa
—
169
13 AETAJ1 H KOHCTPyKUHH
490. B
KOHCTpyhmiH HeAOJnxHo 6bm> HecxaonaHHbix HJIH HecBa
peHiibix conpHKacaiomHXCH nacTeH , y3 KHX mejien , na 3 yx H xopbiT,
-
cnoco6Hbix 3a ep HBaTb Bjiary HJIH 3aTpyAHHTb npoBerpHBaHHe
^ ^
AnaMeTp ApeHancHbix oTBepcTHH , KaK npaBHjio, AOJi >xeH gbiTb
He MeHbrne 50 M M
Bee AeTaJiH xoHCTpyxmiii AOJi >xiibi 6 biTb AocTynHbi JIH Ha 6 jiio -
eilHH , OHHCTKH H OKpaCKH ^
^ .
491 B cjiynae npHMeHennn B cocTaBHbix ajieMeHTax cBH 3eft npo -
hJiaAox HJIH NIAH 6 paccTOHHHH Me>xAy HHMH He AOJI >XHH npeBbimaTb
AJin oxarax dep >KHeH —
40 r , AJIH pacTHHyTbix 80 r ( r — —
paflnyc
HHepuHH yrojiKa OTHocHTejibHO OCH , napajuiejibHoft njiocKocTH pacno -
jio>KeHH 5i npoKJia oK ) Ha jyiHHe oxaToro sjieMeHTa AOJI >XHO 6biTb He
^
MeHee Abyx npowiaAOx HJIH mafi 6
492. KOHUH pacTHHyTbix sjieMeHTOB , CHafixceHHbie OTBepCTHHMH
AJIH npHCOe HHeHHH HX y3JIOBbIMH fiOJITaMH - HiapHHpaMH , OJIKHbl
^
6biTb 3anpoeKTHpoBaHbi Tan , HTO6M npn CHMMCTPHHHOM ceneHHH ^
njiomaAb Heno pa3 pe3 a , npoxoAnmero nepe3 fiojiTOBoe OTBepcTHe ,
ObiJia He MeHbrne 140 % , a pa 3pe3a OT Topua sjieMeHTa AO SOJITOBOTO
OTBepcTHH — He MeHbrne 100 % pacneTHoro ceneHHH sjieMeHTa
KojiHHecTBO 3 aKJienoK HJIH cBapHbix IHBOB B STHX MecTax JJOJIJKHO
6biTb ocTaTOHHbiM Toro , HTO6H BKJHOHHTb Becb MaTepnaji CeHeHHH
B ^
paSoTy
493. BeTBH cocTaBHbix cTepxcHefi HaAJie>XHT cBH 3biBaTb nonepen-
HbiMH £ Ha<})parMaMH c yneraM ycJiOBHH ocjjopMjieHHH ajieMeHTOB Ha 3a-
Bo e H HX nepeB03 KH
^494. B CBapHbix cjxarax H c>KaTO- BBITH HyTbix sjieMeHTax xopo6na -
Toro ceneHHH , a B sjieMeHTax H-o6 pa 3Horo H ByTaBpoBoro ceneHHH
^
B cjiynae pa6ora HX HaoxaTHec xpyneHHeM pexoMeHAyeTCH npeAycMaT -
pHBaTb nocTaHOBKy nonepeHHbix AHacfjparM no xoHuaM H no AJiHHe
sjieMeiiTa c npoMe)xyTxaMH He 6ojiee 3 M
.fltnatJiparMbi pexoMeHAyeTCH npHBapHBaTb TOJIBKO K BepTHxaJibHbiM

JIHCT3 M C 3 a30 pOM Me>XAy Ha4)parMOH H rOpH 30HTaJIbHbIMH JIHCT3MH
He MeHee 50 M M ^
495. HenocpeACTBeHHan npHBapxa pa3JiHHHbix BcnoMoraTejibHbix
AeTajieft ( xpoHiHTeHHbi , ajieMeHTbi nepnji H TpoTyapoB H T n ) K 9Jie
MeHTaM rjiaBHbix Sajiox H 6ajiox npoe3>xeH nacm , a Tax >xe x 3JieMeHTaM
-
ci< B03Hbix rjiaBHbix $epM He AonycxaeTcn npHBapHBaTb STH eiajiH
AonycxaeTcn TOJibxo x BbicTynatoinjiM pefipaM xcecTxocTH ^
496. B MecTax H 3MeHeHHH ceneHHH ropH30 HTajibHbix JIHCTOB SaJiox
6oTee TOJicrae HJIH 6oJiee mHpoxne JIHCTH AOJi >xHbi HMeTb Ha xoHixax
cxocbi c yxjioHaMii He xpyne RJM pacTHHyTbix noncoB 1 8 H AJIH c>xa-
rax — 1 4 J\nn ofiecneneHHH njiaBHbix (c pa nycoM He MeHee 5 M M )
^
nepexoAOB OT ueranna uiBa x ocHOBHOMy MeTajuiy B craxax pacTHHy-
Tbix noncoB AO n >KHa npeAycMaTpHBaTbCH MexaHnnecxan oSpafioTxa
corjiacHO cnemiajibiibiM TexminecxiiM y xa33 HHHM
.
497 Opu oCpbiBe AonoJimiTejibiioro noncuoro jmcTa B npoJieTe
170
6ajiKH Ha,zuTe5KHT npeAycMaTpHBatb TOJimnny STOTO jmcra Ha KOHUG
—
10 M M , CKocbi no uiHpHHe c yKJioHOM He npyne 1 4 , a no TOJimnHe
c yKJioHOM He npyne 1 8 , JJJIH KOCHIX UIBOB Ha KOHue Jincra pacTnuy-
—
Toro nonca cooTHomeHHe KaTeTOB 1 2 KpoMe Toro , HCOOXOAHMO npea-
ycMaTpHBaTb MexaHHnecKyio o6 pa6oTKy jyin nojiyneHnn njiaBHbix (c pa -
nycoM He MeHee 5 M M ) nepexo oB OT ocHOBHoro MeTajuia K MeTajiJiy
^ ^
Kocbix UIBOB Pa 3Mepbi n pacnojio>KeHHe 30 H MexaHnnecKoft o6pa 6oTKH
npHHHMafOTCJI B COOTBeTCTBHH CO CneUHaJIbHbIMH TeXHHHeCKHMH yna-
33 HHHMH
498. r0pH 30 HTaJIbHbie CTbIKH CTeHKH 6aJIKH B npOJieTHbIX CTpoe-
HHHX c e3Aofl noBepxy onycnaeTcn BbinojmflTb c npuMeHeHneM CKBO3-
^
Hbix ( HenpepbiBHbix ) ropH 30 HTajibHbix JIHCTOB , npnBapeHHbix yrjioBbiMH
iiiBaMH 6e3 nojiHoro npoBapa TOJIUXHHH CTCHKH B npojieTHbix cTpoe
HHHX C e3AOH nOHH 3 y TaKaH KOHCTpyKUIIH ropH 30 HTaJIbHOrO CTbIKa
-
CTeHKH flonycnaeTCH npn ycjioBHH oOecneneHHn noj? Horo npoBapa TOJI -
UXHHbl CTeHKH
BepTHKajibHbie CTHKH CTeHKH c nonepe^HHM JIHCTOM B crane He
onycnaiOTCH
^ 499. ripHMeHeHHe KOCMX CTHKOBBIX UIBOB B noncax u cieunax
cnjioniHbix 6aJiOK He penoMeH yeTcn
^
500. PacnopKH H naroHaJiH ropH30HTajibHbix CBH 3e0 He jjonycKaeT-
^
cn npHBapHBHTb Henocpe cTBeHHO K noncaM 6ajioK B cnjiouiHbix 6aji -
Kax CO CBH 3 HMH , ^
KOTOpbIX CMemeH OTHOCHTejIbHO nOHCOB ,
ypOBeHb
AonycnaeTCH npHBapKa sjieMeHTOB cBX 3efi K BeTpoBbiM noncaM
30 HT3JIbHbIM pefipaM XteCTKOCTH HJIH BHyTpeHHHM nOHCHbIM JIHCTaM
ropn — -
(npn ceneHHH nonca B BHjie AsyTaBpa) , ecjin paccTonHHe Mex y noncoM
SajiKH H BeTpoBbiM noncoM He MeHbine 1 / 7 Bbicora 6ajiKH ^
501. JXNH BeTpoBoio nonca , pacnojioxceHHoro B pacrnHyTOH 30He
6ajiKH , oJix Hbi co6jno£aTbcn cjie yiomHe TpefioBaHHH Hanjia/ibi-
^ ^ ^
BaeMbie Ha none nonepenHbie H KOCbie yrjioBbie UIBH cJie yeT BbinojiHXTb
J
BOTHyTOH ( )OpMbI npH nOMOUJH nOJiyaBTOMaTHHeCKOH CBapKH , npn Bbl ^ -
nojmeHHH HX pynHOH cBapKOH Heo6xo HMo npe ycMaTpuBaTb COOTHO
^ ^ -
uieHHe KaTeTOB 1 2 JXJIR
o6ecneneHHn njiaBHbix (c pa nycoM
^
>
r - 5 M M ) nepexo oB K ocHOBHOMy MeTajiJiy Ha OTAejibHbix yuacTKax
^
Kocbix UIBOB B npHKpenjieiiHH HaroHajiefl CBH 3en H y nonepenHbix yrjio-
^
Bbix UIBOB pacnopoK H BepTHKajibHbix pe6ep X CTKOCTH , BbinojiHeHHbix
^
pynHOH CBapKOH , Heo6xo,HHMO npe,nycMaTpHBaTb MexaHKnecnyio o6 pa -
60TKy B COOTBeTCTBHH CO CneUHaJIbHbIMH TeXHHHeCKHMH yKa 3 aHHHMH
.
502 B cjiynae npHBapKH ropH 30HTajibHbix | c )acoHOK npo ojibHbix
CBH 3efi Henocpe cTBeHHO B CTHK K noncaM cnjiouiHbix 6ajioK Heo6xo ^ -
^
.aiiMO o6ecnenHBaTb IIOJIHMH npoBap Been TOJIUIHHH cjiacoHKH , #JIH nero
Ha Jie>KHT npeAycMaTpHBaTb pa 3#ejiKy KPOMKH , npH STOM KOHeu 3aro
^ -
TOBKH )acoHKH #0 Jixs.eH HMeTb npHTynjieHne Ha uinpHHy cnoca KPOMKH
4
HeoSxoAHMo npe ycMaTpHBaTb Ha KOHuax cjiacoHKH Bbinpyx KH H
^ ^
MexaHHnecKyio o6 pa 6oTKy HX BMecTe c KOHU 3 MH UIBOB jin noTyneHHH
njiaBHbix nepexo.a.oB K nonc c pa HycoM He MeHee 65 M M Pa 3 Mepbi H ^
^ ^
pacnoJio >KeHne 3OH MexaimnecKon oSpafioTKH npuHHMaioTcn B COOTBCT -
CTBHH co cnemicribiibiMH TexunnecKHMu yKa 3aiinnM!i
171
jJonycKaeTCH
Taxace npH & apKa ropn30 HtaibHi>ix > acoHOK K oicaruM
4
noncaM cnjiouinbix dajioic BnaxiecTby Opii STOM cpacoiikii AOJIJKHBI
HMeTb TpanemieBH Hyio cpopMy , npHKpemnTbcn K noncy doibimiM
^
ocHOBanneM TpaneuHH c HajionceHHeM qerapex IHBOB no BceMy Kornypy
npHMbIKailHH
PeKOMeH yeTcn npHHHMaTb BeJinnnHy yKjiona CKOCOB (pacoHKH —
^ —
1 1 , pa 3Mepbi HaxjiecTKH cpacoHKii na none 5 3 n HaHMeHbuinx
KaTeTOB yrjioBbix IIIBOB
KaTeTOB KOCbIX HIBOB — 1 2
8 , rj\e 8 —
TOJimima (pacomai , OTHomeHne
.
503 Flpn KpecTOBofl n noJiypacKOCHoft cncTeMe npoAOJibHbix CBH
3cii , pacnojion eHHbix B ypoBHe, CMemenHOM OTHOCHTC TBHO noncon ,
-
^
na /yie^KHT npe ycMaTpHBaTb Bbmpy>KKH Ha nonuax (pacoHKH , npHBapKy
^
nocJieAHen K CTeHKe c odecneneHHeM nojiHoro npoBapa Been TOJIIUKHM
cj)acoHKn n MexaHnnecKyio odpadorey ee KOHUOB , npn STOM rnnpHHa
npHTynJieHHoro KOHua cpacoHKH H pa nyc nepexo a K noncy AOJIJKHH
^ ^
OTBenaTb TpedoBaminM n 502 Pa 3Mepbi H pacnojio>xeHHe 30 H Mexa -
HHnecKofl odpadoTKH npHHHMaiOTCH B cooTBeTCTBHH co cneunajibHbiMH
TeXHIineCKHMH yKa3aHHHMH
B cjiy iae, eejin yKa38HHbie
' nepeceKaKvrcn c BepraKajib
HHMH pedpaMH >KecTK0CTH , peKOMeH yeTCH ycTpanBaTb HenpepbiBHbiMH
-
4 ^
)acoHKH H HX uiBbi , npHBapKy sjieMeHTOB BepTHKajioHoro pedpa JKecT
-
KOCTH K CpaCOHKe Ha JienCHT OCymeCTBJlHTb nOJiyaBTOMaTHHeCKHMH
^
IHB3MH BOrHyTOfl (pOpMbl , npn BbinOJIHeHHH 3THX HIBOB pynHOH CBapnoft
HeodxoOTMo npeAycMaTpHBaTb cooTHomeHHe KaTeTOB 1 2 (dojibiunfi
naieT — Ha (pacoHKe)
ripn HenpepbiBHbix BepTHKajibHbix pedpax JKCCTKOCTH tpacoHKH
B pacTHHyTOH 30 He dajiKH 0JiH< Hbi npHBapHBaTbcn K pedpy c nojiPbiM
npOBapOM TOJIIUHHbl ^
.
504 PaccTonHHe Menmy uiBaMH npHKpenjieHHH sjieMeHTOB cBH 3efi
H uiBaMH , npHKpenjiHiomHMH 4>acoHKH HJIH BeTpoBbie nonca K CTeHxe
dajiKH , a TaioKe K BepTHKajibHbiM pedpaM KCCTKOCTH , AOJDKHO dbiTb
He MeHee 60 MM
^
.
505 B cjiynaenpHBapKH BepTHKajibHbix (})acoHOK HJIH BepTHKajib --
Hbix pedep ncecTKOCTH K pacraHyTOMy noncy B npojieTe, HTO AonycKaeT
cn jiHUib B HCKJimHTejibHbix -
cJiynanx , nonepenHbieiiiBbi, npHKpenjinio
uiHe yKa3aHHbie sjieMeHTbi, AOJUKHM BbinojiHHTbcn noJiyaBTOMaTHne -
CKOH CBapKOH H HMeTb BOTHyTyiO (pOpMy , npn BbinOJIHeHHH 3THX UIBOB
pynHOH CBapKofl Heodxo HMO npeAycMaTpnBaTb cooTHomeHHe KaTeTOB
— ^
1 2 (dojibniHH KaTeT Ha nonce) H MexaHnnecKyio odpadoTKy AJIH
nojiyneHHH njiaBHbix nepexoAOB K OCHOBHOMY MeTajuiy c pa/niycoM He
MeHee 5 MM Pa 3Mepbi H pacnojioHceHHe 30H MexaHnnecKOH odpadoTKH
NPHHHMAIOTCN B COOTBCTCTBHH co cneunajibHbiMH TexHHnecKHMH yKa3a
HHHMH
-
506 IlpoTHBoyroHHbie yrojiKH Haujie>KHT npHBapHBaTb K BepxHeMy
noncy daJiOK nan npoAOJibHbiMH , Tan H nonepeuHbiMH yrjioBbiMH uiBaMH
FIonepenHbie uiBbi peKOMeunyeTcn BbinojiHHTb BornyTofl (popMbi npn
noMomn nojiyaBTOMaTnnecKOH cBapKH , npn BbinoJiHeiniH HX pynHoft
CBapKofl neodxoAHMO npeAycMaTpiiBatb coomoiHeHiie KaTeTOB 1 2 ,
172
anpn pacnojioH<eHHH yroiKOB Ha paemiyTOM BcpxneM nonce Taioke
H MexaHHnecKyfo o6pa6onvy AJIH odecneneHHJi njiaBHoro (c paA« y-
—
COM He MeHee 5 JIU/ ) nepexoAa OT uiBa K ocHOBHOMy MeTajiJiy
Pa3i\iepbi 3OH MexaHHêcKofl o6pa6oTiui npHHHMaiOTcn B COOTBCTCTBUH
CO CnemiaJIbHblMII TeXHHHeCKHMH yKa33HHHMH
.
507 B cnyvae
H c /KaTO-BbiTHHyTbix ajieMenTax, Kax npaBino, ^
nocraHOBKii nonepenHbix AHa parM B pacTHHyTbix
HeodxoAHMO
npeAycMaT -
piiBaTb MexaHHnecivyK) o6pa6oTKy nonepenHbix IHBOB, npHKpenjimo -
mn \ AnatJjparay K BepTHkaJibHbiM jincraM , TpedoBamm K o6pa6oTKe
aHajiorHHHbi yKa3aHHbiM B n 505
B oKaTo- BbiTnHyrax sjieMeHTax MexaunnecKyio ofipaOoTKy MecTa
nepexo a OT nonepeHHoro uiBa K ocHOBHOMy MeTaJiJiy 3jieMeHTa Aony
^ -
cicaeTcn He npeAycMaTpnBaTb B cJiynanx , Kor a K03$$HUHeHT aMnJin
^
TyAbi nnKjia 3HaiconepeMeHHbix KanpHKeHHH c npeHMymecTBeHHbiM
-
caca-
THeM o
> — 0 , 3
14 KOHCTPyKUHfl F1J1AHOK , IlEP OPHPOBAHHbIX JIHCTOB
H COEAHHHTEJIbHbIX PE1I1ETOK
.
508 He coeAHHeHHbie cnjioniHbiM JIHCTOM oTKpbiTbie CTOPOHH n OT -
AejibHwe BeTBH s ^ eMeHTOB rjiaBHbix c})epM, a Taione BCTBH sjieMenTOB
cBH 3eft AOJi >KHbi HMetb coeAHHHTejibHbie njiaHKH, nep opnpoBaHHbie
^
jmcTbi HJIH coeAHHHTeJibHbie peuieTKH c njiaHKaMH no KOHUAM H B Apy-
—
rnx MecTax TSM, rAe npepbraaeTCH COEAHHHTEJIBHAN pemeTKa
npH HaJIHHHH CnjIOIHHOrO COeAHHHTeJIbHOrO JIHCTa MemAy BeTBHMH
njiaHKH H pemeTKH MoryT He CTaBHTbcn B cxcarax 3JieMeHTax H - o6 pa3 -
Horo H AByTaBpoBoro ceneHHH , yAOBjieTBopniomHX BceM cooTHomenHHM,
npHBeAGHHbiM B n 458, a Taioxe B pacTHHyrbix sjieMeHTax KopofriaToro
H H -o6 pa3Horo ceneHHH , yAOBjieTBOpniomHx yKa3aHHbiM B n 458
OTHOHieHHHM paCHeTHOH HIHpHHbl CBeCa naKeTOB (JIHCTOB) K HX TOJUUHHe,
y BeJI HHeHHbIM Ha 50 %
.
509 B cBapHbix ajieMeHTax npHMeHeHHe coeAHHHTeJibHbix pemeTOK
H3 yrojiKOB HJIH nojioc He AonycxaeTCH .
B CBapHbix 3JieMeHTax rjiaBHbix
4)epM HCeJie3HOAOpO}KHHX MOCTOB
AonycKaeTcn npHMeHeHHe TOJibKO
cnjiouiHbix H nep opnpoBaHHbix
^
JIHCTOB , COeAHHHTeJIbHbie njiaHKH
AonycKaioTcn TOJibKO B cjia6o pa -
OoTaioimiX ajieMeHTax cBjnefi H
npHTOM B Tex cjiynanx , KOTAS no
pacneTy Ha BbiHOCJiHBocib 3JieMeH -
Ta coeAHHeHHe nJiaHOKCocHOBHbi -
MH HaCTHMH CeneHHH B03MO>KHO
ocymecTBHTB 6e3 BbrKpyjKeK H
1
cneunajibHOH o6pa6oTKH 3OH KOH -
ueHTpauHH HanpHJKeHHfi
510 TonmuHa 6 coeAHHirrejbiibix maiiOK AO Ha Ha 3HanaTbcn
AJIH C > KaTbIX H CH \ aTO BbITHHyTbIX 9 JieMeiIT 0 B
^
TJiaBIIblX 4iePM » Pa'
J 73
,
SoTaiotuHx
( Ha BpeMeHHyio Harpy3Ky ,
/Win pacTHHyTbix ajieMeHTOB rjiaBHbix

^^ *
45 * H0 He MeHee
JiepM , paOoTaiomnx
(
10 MM1
Ha
BpeMeHHyio Harpy 3Ky , He MeHee 10 M M 1 , —
„ * . b
*
£JIH
He MeHee
CHtaTbIX H C
8 MM ,
^ aTO'BblTHHyTblX SJieMeHTOB CBH 3eil
^ 55 *
H 0
} , pa60TaK>IUHX
^ 3JI8MeHTOB
—
flJIH OnOJIHHTeJIbHblX TJiaBHblX ( )epM
TOJibKO Ha nocTOHHHyio Harpyaxy, pacTHHyTbix CBH 3eH H sjieMeiiTOB

He MeHee 8 M M
3 ecb b — paccTOHHHe u Kjsy PHCKHMH saimenoK ( HJIH CBapHbiMH
^
HiBaMn ) npHKpenjieHHH ECJIH BeTBH cHcaTHX
&
H -06-
njiaHKH sjieMeHTOB
pa3Horo ceneHHH coe HHeHbi pacnoJio>KeHHbiMH no HX OCH imaHKaMH ,
TOJiuiHHa HHX ^
nocjie y oBJieTBopHTb yKa33HHHM, npHBejieH-
flojiacHa
HHM B n 1 Ta6 ^ 51 ^ji
Rjmua npoMescyTOHHbix njiaHOK £OJi >KHa Curb He MeHee 0 , 75 b
511 . KoHUeBbie
nJiaHKH CJKaTHX H CHCaTO BHTHHyTbIX 3JieMeHT0 B -
peKOMeH yeTCH AeJiaTb B 1 , 7 pa3a jyiHHHee npoMexcyTOHHbix , paernHy
^ -
Tbix —KoHueBbie
B 1 , 3 pa3a
njiaHKH pacTHHyTbix H cJKaTbix sjieMeHTOB OJIJKHH cia -
BHTbCH B03M0JKH0 6 jIH 5Ke K y3Jiy ^
.
512 HaHMeHbiuee HHCJIO 3aKjienoK npHKpenJieHHH O HOH CTopoiibi
njiaHKH .ZJOJIJKHO 6bITb pHBHO ^
xy ,
£JIH sjieMeHTOB rjiaBHbix (JjepM , pafioiaiomHx Ha BpeMeHHyio Harpy3
— 4,
-
AJIH , paSoTaroiunx TOJibKO Ha nocTOHHHyio
sjieMeHTOB rjiaBHbix ( )epM }
Harpy3Ky , H sjieMeHTOB cBH 3en
AJIH HepaSoHHX sjieMeHTOB 2
3, ——
Ular 3aKJienoK B npHKpenJieHHH njiaHOK OJIJKCH dbiTb He Sojiee
120 MM ^
.
513 Yrjibi HaKJiOHa HaroHajieft coe HHHTeJibHoft pemeTKH K OCH
^ ^
sjieMeHTa pexoMeH yioTCH npn #BOHHOH pemeTKe
a npn O HHOHHOH peuieTKe — OKOJIO 60° ^ He MeHee 45° , —
n^ p H M e q a H H e FIpHMeHeHHe TpeyrojibHon coe mniTejibHOH
^ pe -
c Aono HiiTejibHbiMH pacnopKaMH He onycKaeTCH
meTKH
.
514 npH HeoOxo ^^ ^
HMocTH npHMeHeHHH cxeM coeAHHHTeJibHbix peme-
TOK C SKCUeHTpHCHTeTaMH B
Hbl 6bITb MHHHMaJIbHbIMH
y3 jiax BeJIHHHHbl 3KCUeHTpHCHTCTOB .HOJIHC-
15 OCOBEHHOCTH KOHCTPyKUHH KJIEnAHO CBAPHbIX -
FlPOJIETHblX CTPOEHHfl
515 B. -
KJienaHO cBapHbix H 6ojiTO cBapHbix npoJieTHbix crpoeHHHX -
(HMeioiUHX cBapHbie 3aBo CKHe coe HHeHHH H KjienaHbie HJIH 6OJITO
^
Bbie MOHTajKHbie) onycKaercH npHMeHCHHe CTHKOBHX HJIH HaKJia Hbix ^ -
^
KOMneHcaTopoB ocjiadneHMH 3abJienoHHHMn (SOJITOBHMH ) OTBEPCTHHMII ^
1
RJIH aBTo;;opo >KHbix 11 ropo HE laenee 8
171
^ CKHX MOCTOB MM
.
516 B 33BHCHM0CTH OT THna CTbIKOBbIX KOMneHCaTOpOB OCJiaSjie --
HHH — c yTOJimeHHeM HJIH yinupeHHeM cooTBeTCTByiomux JIHCTOB CO
cTaBHoro sjieMeHTa —
Ha KOHuax HX (y cTbixa ) ueo6 xoj
\\mo npe ycMar -
pHBaTb CKocbi no TOJimHHe H TH no iiiHpHHe, a TakJKe MexaHHHecKyjo ^
o6pa60TKy CTbIKOBbIX COe HHeHHH B COOTBeTCTBHH C yKa3aHHHMH
^
n 496 B HaKTiaflHbix KOMneHcarapax ocjiaSjieHHH cjie,aveT npe,ay-
cMaTpHBaTb CKOCM no imipHHe c yKJiOHOM He Kpyue 1 1 JXJIH KOCHX
UIBOB peKOMeH yeTCH npHHHMaTb COOTHOUieHHe KHTeTOB 1 2
^
XUH oSecneqeHHH njiaBHbix (c pa HycoM He MeHee 5 MM ) nepexo-
^
ROB OT iiiBa K ocHOBHOMy MeTaJiJiy HeofixoAHMo npe ycMaTpHBaTb Mexa -
HHHecKyio o6 pa6oTKy KOCHX IUBOB Ha KOHixe KOMneHcaTopa PacnoJio ^ -
KeHHe H pa3Mepbi 3OH MexaHHueckoft o6 pa6oTKH Ha3HauaiOTCH B CO-
OTBeTCTBHH CO CneUHaJIbHbIMH TeXHHHeCKHMH yKa 33HHHMH
CeneHHJi UIBOB noA HpaioTCH TBKHM o6pa30 M, HTO6H
^
ynacTKH npo/ jojibHbix IUBOB £O nepBoro pn a OTBepcTHH
KOCBIC HIBBT H
oSecneuHBajni
nojiHoe npuKpenjieHHe njiomaAH KOMneHcaTopa ^
npu uiHpHHe KOMneHcaTopa cBbirne 35- KpaTHofl ero TOJiuuiHbi peko-
Men yeTca npuMeHHTb napHbie KOMneHcaTopbi npn STOM paccTonmie
^
MejKAy uiBaMH coce HHX KOMneHcaTopoB OJIHCHO 6 biTb He MeHee 60 M M
^ ^
PaccTOHiiue OT ueHTpa 3aKJienouHoro (6OJITOBOTO) OTBepcTHH #o
Kpan KOMneHcaTopa AOJIKHO 6 biTb He MeHee y BoeHHoro naMeTpa
OTBepcTHH ^ ^
517. iJjiH CKBO3HHX KJienaHo-CBapHHx H SojiTO-CBapHbixcJjepM onyc-
y ( ^
KaeTCH npHMeHeHHe 3JiOBbix j>acoHOK- BCTaBOK H < j acoHOK- npHCTaBOK , )
coe HHHeMbix c noHcaMH npn noMomn cBapKH

^y3JIOBbie J aC0HKH-BCT3BKH H IIpHCTaBKH £OJUKHbI HMeTb nJiaBHbie
()
nepexo bi K noncy c pa uycoM He MeHee cooTBeTCTBeHHo 0, 25H H

^
0, 50H , ne H — BbicoTa
r , ^ nonca PaccTOHHHe OT CTbiKa nonca
sjieMeHTa
J -
H ( )aCOHKH BCTaBKH £0 HauaJia BbIKpyJKKH B Heft flOJDKHO npHHHMaTbCH
He MeHee 70 MM JXJIH CTHKOBHX UIBOB (J)acoHOK- BCTaBOK pacTHHyToro H
c>KaTo- BbiTHHyToro noHcoB .aojiH^ Ha npe ycMaTpHBaTbCH MexaHHnecKan
^
o6 pa60TKa B COOTBeTCTBHH C Tpe60B3HHHMH , yKa33HHbIMH B n 496
KoHCTpyKTHBHoe o(})opMJieHHe (3a HCKjuoueHueM oroBopeHHoro
Bbiiue pa nyca nepexo.ua K noncy) H MexaHHuecKan o6 pa6oTKacj)acoHOK'
^
npHCTaBOK flOJUKHbi y oBjieTBopHTb Tpe6oBaHHHM nn 502 H 503
. ^
518 IIpHKpenjieHHe npoAGJibHbix 6ajioi< K nonepeuHbiM H nonepen-
Hbix — K BycreH araM rjiaBHHM q epMaM c/ie yeT ocymecTBJiHTb npn
^ ^ ^ ^
nOMOIUH BepTHKaJIbHbIX yrOJIKOB C 3 aKJienOUHbIMH (SoJITOBbIMH ) COe HHe
HHHMH B o6eux noJixax ripH 3TOM nonca nonepeuHbix 6aji 0 K ROJIMUH ^ *
ObiTb , Kax npaBHJio , AOBe eHM RO Topua CTCHKH 6ajiKH 6e3 o6pbiBa
^
B KOHCTpyKUHHX c o6pbiBOM nonca cJie yeT npe ycMaTpHBaTb CJIC -
Ayiomne MeponpHHTHH no CHH CHHIO KOHueHTpauuH Hanpn >KeHHH
^
^ ^
none K MecTy o6pbiBa AOJUKCH HMeib CKOCM no mniUHHe c yiaoHOM
] 8 H no mnpHHe c ykJionoM 1 4 , y caMoro KOHua peKOMeH,ayeTCH Ha3 na -
narb mrtUHHy nonca (AO CBAPKH ) He MeHee 6 MU , umpuny ue Menee
8 b MM , CTeHka 6 a j u m Ha npoTHXteHHH CKomeHHon vacra nonca ojia< Ha
—
^ 175
HMeTb cKB03 H0e nponjiaBjieHne CjieflyeT
npeflycMaTpHBaTb MexaHH -
Hecxyio o6 pa 6oTKy KOHua nonca AJIH nojiyneHHH njiaBHbix nepexofloB
K deHKG ( B o6enx njiocKOCTHx ) c paflHycoM He MeHee 65 MM Pacncvio
HCeHHe H pa3MepbI 30H MeXaHHHeCKOH 06 pa 60TKH flOJIXtHbl COOTBeTCTBO
BaTb cneunajibHbiM TexHHnecitHM yita3aHHHM
-
B npofloJibHbix Sajixax CjieflyeT npeflycMaTpHBaTb Bbipe3 HaitoHue
>-
CTeHKH , njiaBHO ( paflHycoM r 30 MM ) conpnraiomHHCH c ofipbiBaeMbiM
noHcoM H no BepraeMbiH MexaHHqecitoft o6 pa6oTKe ( nocjiecBapKH dajntH )
^
coiviacHo cneuHajibHbiM TexHHnecitHM yK 33 aHHHM
16 KOHCTPyKUHH OnOPHbIX HACTEfl

.
519 BajioHHbienpoJieTHbie CTpoeHHH npojieTaMH CBbirne 25 M flojiat -
HH -
HMeTb onopHbie nacTH uiapHHpHO KaTKOBoro HJIH ceKTopHoro THna
520. rioflBHxtHOH KOHeu npoJieTHoro cTpoeHHH flOJiateH HMeTb CBO --
6 ofly npofloJibHbix nepeMemeHHH H flOJiateH 6biTb ofiecneneH OT nonepen
HMX nepeMemeHHH ripn paccTOHHHH Meatfly OCHMH rjiaBHbix (JiepM
fiojiee 15 M CjieflyeT ofiecneHHBaTb noneperayio noflBHxtHOCTb ycTpofi
CTBOT flBOHKonoflBHHtHbix onopHbix nacrea
-
^
HnatHHe SajiaHCHpbi HenoflBHxtHbix onopHbix nacTefl H njinra nofl -
BHHCHHX onopHbix qacTefi , a TaKHte CTOHKH MeTajiJiHnecKHX onop flOJiat -
Hbi 6biTb 3aKpenjieHbi Ha onopax aHKepHbiMH SoJiTaMH
KoHUbi npoJieTHbix CTpoeHHH floJiatHbi 6biTb 3aKpenjieHbi K onopaM
paSoHHMH aHKepHHMH 6ojiTaMH , ecjiH no pacneTy Ha nonepenHyio ycTofi -
HHBOCTb npOTHBOnpOKHflblBaHHHOTHOCHTeJIbHOHapyatHOH rpaHH MeTaji -
jiHuecKofl KOHCTpyKUHH coiviacHo n 408 oTHomeHHe ^Mnp > 0,8
onp
(CM n 50)
.
521 KoHCTpyKUHH onopHbix nacTefi flOJiatHa 6 m b
KOH B uejiHX pacnpeflejieHHH Harpy3KH no Been njiomaflH
atecT
flocTaTOHHO
onnpaHHH
-
y3Jia npoJieTHoro CTpoeHHH H onnpaHHH Ha onopy
npHMeHHTb 6ojiee neTbipex naTKOB He peKOMeHflyeTCH
-
OnopHbie nacTH uiapHHpHO KaTKOBoro HJIH ceKTopHoro Tnna flojiatubi
npHMeHHTbCH , KaK npaBHjio, JiHTbie c mapHHpaMH npeflnonTHTejibHO
CBo6oflHoro xacaHHH
.
522 iljiHHa onopHbix nacreS Bflojib OCH MocTa He flOJiatHa npeBbi
rnaTb yflBoeHHon Bbicora OT onopHofl njiomaflKH flo ueHTpa mapHHpa
-
BbicoTa BepxHero 6ajiaHCHpa HenoflBnatHbix onopHbix nacTeft flOJiatHa
6biTb B03MoatHO MeHbinefi Pa3HHua Meatfly IHHPHHOH onopHbix nacTen
B ypoBHe onopHofi njiomaflKH H B ypoBHe inapHHpa He flOJiatHa
npeBbixnaTb yflBoeHHOH HX BbicoTbi
MacTb njiHTbi , BbiCTynaiomaH 3a ocb KaTita B KpaiiHeM nojioateHHH ,
He flOJiatHa npeBbimaTb yflBoeHHOH TOJiiflHHbi IUIHTBI
TojiiflHHa MeTajiJia B onopHbix nacTHx , HcnoJiHeHHbix H3 CTajibHoro
jiHTbH , 6e3 yneTa o6pa6oTKH flOJiatHa 6biTb
He MeHee 40 MM
523 KaTKH -
flOJIXtHbl 6 bITb COeflHHeHbl Meatfly CoSoft 60 K0 BbIMH CTHHt
K3MH , He npenHTCTByjomnMH OHHCTKe , H oOecneneHbi npoTHB 6OKOBHX
oflBnroB H npoflOJibHoro yroHa , a Taitate 3amHmeHbi (JjyTjinpaMH
176
PA 3AEJI V
CTAJIbHblE KOHCTPyKUMM , OE bEflHHEHHblE
'
C >KEJIE30BET0HH0H nJIHTOH
1 051UHE n 0J10)KEHHfl
524. yK 33aHHH HacTOHiuero pa3,neJia pacnpoerpaHJnoTCH Ha o6T>e£H
HeHHbie npoJieTHbie cTpoeHHH c e3 ow noBepxy , HMeromne >KeJie3ot> e
--
^
TOHHyio njiHTy npoe3Hceft nacTH , BKJnoneHHyio B coBMecTHyio padoTy co
CTajibHHMH rjiaBHbiMH | c )epMaMH (SajiKaMH) , a TaioKe aa KOHCTpyKUHH
npoe3>KeH nacTH , BbinojiHeHHofi H3 >KeJie3odeTOHHOH njiHTU, coBMecTHO
padoTaiomeH co erajibHbiMH dajiKaMH npoe3>KeH nacTH
Orajie>Kejie3odeTOHHbie npojieTHbie CTpoeHHH cjio>KHbix CHCTCM ( Byx
njiHTHbie, c e3£OH noHH3y , npe£ HanpH >KeHHbie BbicoKonpoHHoft apMa ^ --
Typofl H JXP ) npoeKTHpyioTCH c yneTOM cneuHaJibHbix Tex HHHECKHX
yKa33HHH
npHMeqaHHe )Kejie3HOflopo}KHbie odteflHHeHHbie npoJieTHue
CTpoeHHH , KpOMe 6 ajioqHo pa 3 pe3 Hbix co cnJiouiHHMH CT6 HK 3MH , flonycKaeT
CH npHMeHHTb TOJIbKO npH CneunaJIbHOM 060CH 0 Ba »HH B KH 2KAOM OTfleJIbHOM
-
cJiynae
525. Tpe6oBaHHH K MaTepwaJiaM cTajibHbix KOHCTPYKUHFT , odbeAH

HeHHbixcH<eJie3o6eTOHHofi njiHTofl , T e K deTOHy H erajiH, HX ocHOBHbie
-
pacqeTHbiexapaKTepHCTHKH , aTaioKeyKa3aHHH nopacneTy H KOHCTpyn
poBaHHio , He npe ycMOTpeHHbie B HacTonmeM pa3 ejie, npHHHMaiOTCH
-
corjiacHO ^
yKa33HHHM pa3,neJioB III H IV ^
2 OCHOBHblE nOJIO)KEHH 5I PACHETA
526. Pac era CTajibHbix KOHCTpyKUHH , od'be HHeHHbix c TKejie-

^ ^
306eT0 HH0 H IUIHTOft , BbinOJIHHK)TCH HCXO&H H3 rHIIOTe3bI IIJIOCKHX Ce -
neHHH no aTJiHBocTb uiBa 06'beAHHeHHH HceJie3o6eTOHa co CTajibio \ j o-
^
nycnaeTCH He y HTbiBaTb
^
527. PadoTa deTona npHHHMaeTCfl ynpyrofi , njiacTHHecKofl HJIH ace
BOBCe He yHHTbIBaeTCH B COOTBeTCTBHH CO CJie yiOmHMH yKa3aHHHMH
^
a) njiacTHHecKan padoTa deTOHa (nencTBHe B dexoHe npe ejibHbix
CHCHMaiouxHX Hanpn >KeHHH , paBHbix pacneTHOMy conpoTHBjieHHio) npH ^ -
HHMaeTCH B pacneTax nonepeHHbix ceneHHft CTajibHbix KOHcxpyKUHH ,
177
ofi'beAHHeHHbix c >KeJie3o6eTOHHOH nJiHToft , ecjiH oKHMaiomne HanpHJKe
HHH B 6eT0 He, BbiHHCJieHHbie B npeAnojio ceHHH ero ynpyroft paGora ,
-
npeBbimaioT ero pacqeTHoe conpoTHBjieHHe
^
6) PaSoTa GeTOHa B cocTaBe oG êAHHCHHoro ceqeHHH He y^ HTbiBaercn
npH BbiqHcneHHH Hanpn >KeHHft OT Harpy30 K ocHOBHoro coqeTaHHH1
B cTaJibHofl qacra KOHcxpyKitHH H B npo&ojibHoft apMaiype B pacqeTax
Ha npoqHocTb , BbmocjiHBocTb H pacKpbiTHe nonepeHHbix TpeiUHH B Ge
TOHe, ecjiH ( ) H6 poBbie pacTHTHBaiomHe HanpHxeHHH B GeTOHe, BUHHC
J
--
jieHHbie B npejjnojioJKeHHH ero ynpyroft paGora , npeBbimaioT
B Hce e3HOAopo Hbix MocTax He3aBHCHMo OT BHjja apMaTypbi, a
^ ^
TaKKe B aBT0A0 p0>KHbIX H TOpOACKHX MOCTaX npH HaJIHHHH apMaTypbi
H3 BblCOKOnpOHHOH npOBOJIOKH 0, —
B aBToaopoJKHbix H ropo CKHx MocTax npH oTcyTCTBHH apMaTypbi
H3 BbicoKonpoHHoft npOBOJIOKH
Ha paCTHH eHHK))
^
^ —
Rpn ( pacqeTHoe conpoTHBjieHHe GeTo -
B yKa3aHHbix cjiyqanx pacqeTHbie HanpHxteHHH B GeTOHe OT ynoMa -
HyTblX Harpy30 K npHHHMaiOTCH paBHbIMH Hyjno
B) Ynpyran paGoTa GeTOHa B cocTaBe oG bejiHHeHHoro ceqeHHH-
npHHHMaeTcn B ocTajibHbix pacqeTax Ha npoqHocTb , BbmocjiHBocTb H
pacKpbiTHe TpemHH , a Taioice BO Bcex pacqeTax ( He33BHCHM0 OT BejiH
HHHH H 3HaKa nojiHbix HanpHKeHHfi B GeTOHe) no BTOpOMy npe eJibHOMy
-
COCTOHHHIO , no BbiqHCJieHHio ycHJiHH B craTHqecKH HeonpejjejiHMbix ^
CHCTeMax OT Bcex Harpy30 K H E 03aeficTBHft , no BbiqHCJieHHio BHyTpeH
HHX yCHJIHH H HanpHJKeHHH BO BCeX CHCTeMax OT B03,HeHCTBHH KOJieGa
--
HHH TeMnepaTypbi H yca KH GeTOHa
^
528. PaGoTa GeTOHa Ha cjKaTHe B cocTaBe oG'beflHHeHHoro ceqeHHH
npH aHHOM 3arpyn<eHHH yqHTbmaeTCH He3aBHCHM0 OT najimun H BejiH -
^
qHHM cyMMapHbix pacTHTHBaioiunx Hanpn eHHH B GeTOHe .naHHoro
^
ceqeHHH npn HHHX 3arpy >KeHHHX HJIH npn yqeTe flpyrnx narpy 30 K H
B03AeHCTBHH
HOTO
PaGoTa npoAOJibHofi
ceqeHHH
apMaTypbi >Kejie3o6eTOHa B cocTaBe oG ejuiHeH
^
yqHTbiBaeTca He33BHCHM0 OT yqeTa HJIH HeyqeTa paGoTbi
-
GeTOHa
PacqeT pacTHHyToft HteJie3o6eTOHHOH njiHTbi Ha npoqHocTb H Tpe-
iUHHOCTOHKOCTb c yqeTOM B03/ieHCTBHH KOJieGaHHH TeMnepaTypbi H ycajjKH
GeTOHa npOH3 BojiHTCH Kax pacTHHyToro >Kejie3o6eTOHHoro CTepJKHH
ripn 3TOM Ha npojioJibHyio apMaTypy nepe aeTCH ycnjine, onpeaeJieH -
^
Hoe no pacqeTHOMy pacTHTHBaiomeMy HanpnjKeHHio B ueHTpe THmecrn
ceqeHHH GeTOHa
PacqeTHoe Hanpn >KeHHe B apMaType onpe eJineTCH cyMMHpoBaHHeM
^
HanpH >KeHHH B Heft or yKa3aHHoro ycHJiHH c HanpnjKeHHeM apMaTypbi ,
BbiqucJieHHbiM Henocpe CTBeHHo AJIH ceqeHHH GajiKH
^
1 H ajiee B HacToameM pa 3aejie Harpy 3 KaMH ocHOBHoro coqeiaHHH
3;iecb
^
coKpameHHo Ha 3 biBaioTCH BepTHKajibHbie Harpy 3 KH H ( ecJiH HMeeTca ) B03£eHCT -
BHe npe BapHTeJibHoro Hanpa >KeHHH ropH30 HTajibHaa Harpy 3 Ka OT ueHTpofiemHOH
^
CHJibi , Towe BXOAHiuaa B ocHOBHoe coqeTaHHe , yqHTbiBaeTCH corviacHO n 534
Hiixe bHbie coqeiaHHH Haipy 30 K ^ -

Bo3 aeHCTBne yca /ucu 6eiona ( c yqeTOM noji 3 yqecfH ) BKJitoqaeTca TOJibKO B onofl
^
173
529. npH pacneTax , BbinojiHneMbix B npe£nojio>KeHHH ynpyron
padora deTOHa , npHHHMaroTCH cJie yiomHe oTHomeHHH Mo yjiefi ynpy-
^ ^
rOCTH CT3JIH H deTOHa
JXJIH Bcex pacqeTOB, KpoMe pacneia Ha BbmocJiHBocTb B ynasaHHOM
HHHê cjiynae , — no nr
Tadji 18 pa3£ejia III ,
RJlH paCMeTa Ha BbIHOCJIHBOCTb
HieJieSHOAOpOH HblX MOCTOB B cjiy
^ -
nae , Kor a BpeMeHHan Harpy3Ka
^
yBejinqHBaeTOKaTHe B deTOHe
no nonepe HbiM ceneHHHM n'
^
no Tadji 22 pa 3 ejia III ,
—
^
no npoAOjibHHM ceneHHHM H
KOHCTPYKUHH
AZj + n'
2
06'beAHHeHHH
—
n pHMeqaHHe OnpeACJieHHe ycnjiml B CTaTH ecKH Heonpe eaiiMbix
^ ^
CHCTeMax R j i n pacneTOB Ha BbmocJiHBocTb AonycKaeTca BbincviHHTb npH OT
HomeHHH Mo yjieH
^
530. PacneT pacKpHTHH nonepenHbix TpeuuiH B pacTHHyTon Kejie30-
6eTOHHofl n^HTe ojiKeH BbinoJiHHTbCH B Tex cjiynanx , Kor a a cyMMapHbie
^
pacmrHBaiomHe HanpnxêHHH B ueHTpe TnxcecTH 6eTOHa , BbinncjieHHbie
, ,
B npe/ jnoJiojKeHHH ynpyron padora deTOHa B cocTaBe ceneHHH dajiKH ,

npeBbimaioT yKa3aHHbie B n 527 «6»
BejmnHHbi ,
npn onpe ejieHHH pa nyca apMHpoBaHHH yqnraBaioTCH npo ojib
^ ^
Han apMaTypa H HaKJioHHbie aHKepbi, nona aiomne B pacneTHoe cene
-
^ -
HHe, a BjiHHHHe CTaJibHoro nonca He ynHTbiBaeTcn ^
.
531 noji 3 ynecTb deTOHa no# AeftcTBHeM codcTBeHHoro Beca coopy -
n<eHHH H npe BapHTejibHoro HanpHJKeHHH (ecjin OHO HMeeTcn ) Heodxo-
^
AHMO ynHTbiBaTb npH pacneTe od'beAHHeHHbix KOHCTPYKUHH Ha npon -
HocTb B npeanojioJKeHHH ynpyron padoTbi deTOHa B cjiynanx , xor a
Handojibinne cJKHMaioiime HanpflxceHHH B deTOHe OT yKa3aHHbix B03,aen ^-
CTBHH de3 yneTa noJi 3ynecTH npeBbiuiaioT 20 % OT pacneTHoro conpoTHB-
jieHHH deTOHa QKaTHio npn H 3rnde
KoHenHan Mepa noji3ynecTH deTOHa npHHHMaeTCH no npnjiojKe-
HHIO 15
ripn OTCyTCTBHH 0d0CH0B3HHbIX TeXHHHeCKHX aHHblX pa 3pemaeTCH
npHHHMaTb KOHenHyio xapaKTepncTHKy noJi3ynecTH deTOHa q> K = 1 , 5
^
532c PacneT od'be HHeHHbix KOHCTpyKunn Ha B03#eHCTBHe yca KH
^
deTOHa Be eTCH c yneTOM BJIHHHHH noji 3 ynecTH ^
^
ripn OTCyTCTBHH odocHOBaHHbix TexHnnecKHX .naHHbix pacneTHyio
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AeflcTBHe H3rH6aiomero MOMeHTa H OCCBOH cnjibiy a Taione pacneTbi Ha
npoHHOCTb fiojiee CJIOJKHHX CTaJie>KeJie3Q6eT0 HHfcix ceneHHH ( npeAHa -
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3Aecb Wa ct6 , W’tB, CT6 > WCT6

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rnqubie reoMeTpH ecKHe xapaKTepH
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4 PACHET nPO OJlbHBIX CEMFHHfi H OE'bEflHHCHHJl

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544. KoHCTpyKUHH 06'be HHeHHH >KeJie3o6eTOHHofi njiHTbi co eraJib

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njiHTbi npoJieTHero CTpoeHHH, paccnuTbiBaioTCH Ha CABHraiomne ycn-
JIHH , B03HHKafomHe OT nonepeHHbix CHJI , H , KpOMe Toro , Ha c BHraiomne
H OTphlBaiOIUHe yCHJIHH , B03HHKaK)IH,He OT yca KH 6eTOHa H KOJie6aHHH
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ynopax no MecraoMy cxcaiHio deTOHa npoH3BOAHTCH no cjie yioiUHM
( jiopMyjiaM ^
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^
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neTa odi> eAHHeHHH no MecTHOMy
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Iia BbIHOCJIHBOCTb pacneT odneAHHeHnn Ha npoq-
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BbIHOCJIHBOCTb ,
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ynopax — nJiomaAB HX AnaMeTpaJibHoro ceneHHH
(npn cdopHon npoe 3>KeH qacra H pacnoJio eHHH
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B njiomaAB CMHTHH ) ,
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npn OCeBOM C aTHH ,
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npn oceBOM OKSTHH H npn p 0 , l , >
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BjiHHime npH p
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nacTH H pacnonoJKeHHH ynopoB B OKHBX
pacueTHbie conpoTHBjieHHn Rnp H Rnp npnHHMaiOTCH no Mapxe deTO -
Ha djIOKOB
547 PacneT odneAHHCHKH erajm c Hcejie3odeTOHOM Ha apMSTyp -
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UHH, npoH 3 BOAHTCH H 3 ycjiOBHH padoTbi aHxepoB Ha coneTaHHe pac -
THxceHHH H H 3THda co CMHTHCM deTOHa HanoAodne Harejin B COOT -
BeTCTBHH CO CneUHaJIbHHMH TeXHHHeCKHMH yKa 3aHHflMH
190
PacqeTH Ha npoHHoerb H BUHocjiHBocTb KOHCTpyKUHH npHKpenjie -
HHH apMaTypHoro aHKepa K crajibHOH nacTH npoH3 BOAHTca Ha cpe3
HHe cpe3a c OTPHBOM

—
B cooTBeTCTBHH c nepeAaBaeMbiM cABHraioLUHM ycHJineM HJIH Ha coneTa
no paBHOAeftcTByiomeS pacneTHbix cABHraio-
mnx H OTpbiBafoniHX ycHJiHH , B03HHKaiomHX Mex y aceJie3o6eTOHOM
H CTaJIbK) ^
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Koro ynopa K cTajibHoft KOHCTpyKUHH IIPOH3BOAHTCH Ha cABHraioinyio
CHJiy H MOMeHT 3T0 H CHJIbI PaBHOAGHCTByK)IH,aH CABHraiOlAeft CHJIbI npH -
HHMaeTCH npHJIOJKeHHOH B lieHTpe THHCeCTH paCHeTHOH njIOIUaAH CMH -
THH 6eTOHa ynopoM
npH yCJIOBHH IIpOBepKH npOHHOCTH 3ameMJieHHH HJIH 3aaHKepH -
BaHHH HcecTKoro ynopa B 6eTOHe Ha BoenpHHHTHe MOMema OT CABH -
raiomefl CHJIH AonycnaeTCH npoBepnTb npHKpenjieHHH ynopa m/ibKo
Ha A ncTBHe cABnrafomen CHJIBI, npHHHMan K nojiyneHHbiM MaKcuuajib
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nepeAany nojiHon cABHraiomen CHJIH , paBHOAeficTByiomaH cABHraiomeft
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neHHH xêjie3o6eTOHa co CTa ibio npeAnonTHTejibHee, neu KCCTKHX
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552 CBapHbie ynopbi pa3peuiaeTCH H3roTOBjiHTb H3
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erajiH , -
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553 Pa3Meui,eHHe o6 beAHHHiom,HX ajieMeHTOB AOJIJKHO yAOBJieTBo
pHTb CJieAyiOmHM Tpe6oBaHHHM
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PaccTOHHne B cBeTy Me>KAy ncecTKHMH ynopaMH HJIH ApyrHMH o6be
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nacTH
PaccTOHime B CBeTy MextAy ncecTKiiMH ynopaMH AOJI >KHO 6biTb ue
Menee 3,5 KpaTiiofl BbicoTbi pacneniofi njioiuaAH CMHTHH SeTona ynopoM
191
PaCCTOHHHe B OCHX Me>K y
apM 3TypHbTMH aHKepaMH flOJHKHO SbITb
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cnocoScTByiomHX pacKaJibiBaHHio 6eTOHa flpn BbinyKJion ( ) pMe ^ Jx
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oerajibHbie sa 3opH Mexyjy ynopaMH H KOHCTpyKUHefi 6 ji 0 Ka
3 CM
559 HenocpeACTBeHHoe cTbiKOBaHne apMarypbi HJIH ycTaHOBKa
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560 npn c6opHOH nJiHTe npoe3>KeH qacra Me?KAy eraAbHbiM

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P A 3 JX E J1 VI
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1 BeTOH MapKH He HH >Ke 200, KJia Ka H 3 de - npoJietHbie CTpOeHHH

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201
583 TojimnHa meKOBbix CTeH npH BbicoTe HX He Sojiee 10 w H 3a
nojiHeHHH na3yx CBOAOB MaTepnajioM , He AaiomHM ropH 30 HTajibHoro
. -
pacnopa , Mo >KeT 6 bm> npHHHTa 6e3 pacneTa paBHOH
AJIH aBTO OpOHCHHX H TOpOACKHX
AJIH HêJie3HOAOpOH< HbIX MOCTOB
^
MOCTOB 0 , 5 M IlpH SeTOHHblX CTeH -
1,0 M
Kax H 0,75 M
— npH 6yTOBbix
584 3anojiHeHHe na3yx CBOAOB MOCTOB mixce H30JIHUHH AOJIHCHO
fiblTb H 3 6eTOHa HAH OyTOBOH KJiaflKH Ha paCTBOpe
B )KeAe3HOAOpO>KHbIX MOCTaX H30- B aBTO OpOKHblX H ropoACKnx
JIHUHH aoroKHa ycTpaHBaTbCH He- MocTax ^
JXJIH 3 anojiHeHHH na3 yx
nocpeACTBeHHo no SajuiacTHOMy CBOAOB Bbirne H30JIHUHH Aonyc-
KOpbITy npH hOpMaJIbHOH TOJHUHHe KaeTCH npHMeHHTb cyxyro KJiaAKy ,
OajijiacTa H 3acbinKH nporpoxo^ eHHbift mefieHb H3 TBep -
Abix NOPOA KaMHH H xopoino npo
MblTblH H OTCOpTHpOBaHHblH rpa
--
BHH
585 BbicoTa KapHH3a HaACBOAHoro CTpoeHHH AOJDKHH 6biTb He

MeHee 20 CM KapHH 3bi AejiaioTCH " H 3 KaMHen AJIHHOH He MeHee ABYX
TOJILUHH HX , nacTb KapHH3HOro K 3MHH , jieJKaman Ha mexoBOH cTeHe,
Aoji >KHa 6biTb BO BCHKOM cjiynae B 1 ,5 pa 3a 6ojibine ero cBeca , HO He
MeHee 30 CM CBec KapHH3a AOJI KCH 6 biTb He MeHee 10 CM
^
586 B OeTOHHbix H xaMenubix Mocrax c npoJieiaMH COOTBCTCTBEHHO
6ojiee 10 H 15 M , a Taioxe c MeHbuiHMH npojieTaMH npn o6meft AAHHe
MOCTa 6oJibme 40 M HCOSXOAHMO yerpanBaTb B HBACBOAHOM CTpoeHHH
Ae opMauHOHHbie IIIBH , pacnojiaraeMbie HaA AencTBHTejibHbiMH
^
nHTaMH 6ecuiapHHpHbix CBOAOB H HAA mapHnpaMH B uiapHnpHbix CBO
aax
-
Ha cBO Hoe crpoeHHe c nonepeHHbiMH npoeMaMH , nepeKpbiTHMH
^ ^
CBO aMH, a TaiOKe OTKOCHbie KpbUIbH AOJI 3KHM 6bITb OTAejieHbl OT yCTOeB
^
uiBaMH B cjiynae, earn HaACBOAHan scTaxaAa npoAOJuxaeTCH Henpe --
pbiBHO HaA onopaMH , cBOflbi , cjonuxm NAA nnTaMH , AOAHCHH 6biTb yer
pOeHbl TpeXUiapHHpHblMH
587 OnopaM c pe xyiimMH BepTHKajibHHMH rpaHHMH HAH 6AH3 KHMH
^
K BepTHKajibHbiM cjieAyeT npn aBaTb B njiaHe 3aocTpeHHoeoHepTaHHe
^
c 3aKpyrjieHHeM BepmHHbi yrjia paAHycoM He MeHee 0,3 M
588 BeTOHHbie H 6yTo6eTOHHbie onopbi MOCTOB Ha pexax c jieAO
XOAOM AonycKaeTCH BbinoJiHHTb 6e3 cneunajibHOH O6JIHHOBKH npn
-
ycjioBHH npHMeHeHHH AAH HapyncHoro CJIOH , TOJIIAHHOA He MeHee 0,5 M 9
nJioTHoro M0 p030CT0 HKoro 6eTOHa MapKH He HHX<e 300 npn MOIUHOM
aeAoxoAe H He HH >Ke 200 — npH cjiaOoM JieAoxoAe yKa 3aHHbiH fieTOH
aoji >KeH Ha 3 HanaTbCH B npeAe;iax OT OTMCTKH HaHBbicmero ypoBHH
aeAOXOAa (c 3anacoM 1 ,0 M ) AO OTMCTKH , pacnojioJkeHHOH HH >xe ypoBHH
jieAoaraBa Ha TOJiiUHHy AbAa (c yneTOM ero npoMep3aHHH y onopbi) ,
A npH HaJIHHHH 3HaHHTeJIbHbIX HCTHpaiOIAnX KJiaRKy HaHOCOB AO
ypoBHH AHa peKH c yneTOM pa3MbiBd
202
RIOBEPXHOCTH onop SoJibiiiHX MOCTOB Ha
jio>KeHHbix ceBepHee JIHHHH , coeAHHmomen
penax
B panoHax , pacno -
ropoAa FIeTpo3aBOAcx ,
- YA
KnpoB, FleTponaBjioBCK , HoBocnfinpcn , yjiaH 3, BHpo6nA>naH ,
Mara aH , a Tannce, KaK npaBHJio, Ha penax , BcnpbiBaiomHXCH npn
^
OTpHuaTejibHbix TeMnepaiypax H npn TOJimnHe jibAa 6ojiee 0 , 5 M ,
AOJIHCHbl 6 bITb ofijIHUOBaHbl npHpOAHbIM KaMHeM HJIH HCXyCCTBeHHOH
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^
IIpH KJiaAne H3 npnpoAHoro naMHH AOJIHCHM 6biTb ofijinuoBaHbi
HaA yHAaMeHTHbie nacTH onop Bcex MOCTOB H OITMOBKH Tpy (5
^
589 Ha penax c jieAoxoAOM oSjinuoBna AOJHKHa BbinoJiHHTbcn
H3 rrpnpoAHoro Mopo30CToifnoro KBMHH Mapm He HIDKQ 600, a npn
—
MOIAHOM jieAoxoAe HJIH HaJinnHH HCTHparoiAHX HaHocoB He HH >ne 1000
IIpH njiaAxe H3 npnpoAHoro naMHH RJIH OOJIHUOBKH onop MOCTOB
BHe npeAeJioB ypoBHeft jibAa H A* orojioBnoB Tpy 6
AONYCNAETCN
npeAycMaTpHBaTb naMHH TOH >ne Mapnn , HTO H AJIH njiaAKH, npn
yCJIOBHH yAOBJieTBOpeHHH TpeSOBaHHHM M0 p 030CT0HHOCTH , HO c nOA
6opoM Jiynuinx naMHeft , npnnoJioM HX H 6oJiee TmaTejibHofi pa3Aejinofi
-
UIBOB
JXonycnaeTcn npHMeHeHHe ncnyccTBeHHbix BHAOB oSjinuoBnH
H3 JIHTOTO naMHH H CeTOHHbix 6JIOXOB Mapxn no nponHOCTH He HH >ne
400 H no Mopo30CTonnocTH He HH >ne M p 3 300
—
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B uejiax co6 jiK)AeiiHfl apXHTeKTypHbix Tpe6oBaHnfi
590 KJiaAna H3 OeTOHHbix 6 jionoB Rojunna HMeTb AoeraTonHyio
nepeBH 3 ny ( nan npaBHJio , He MeHee 0,5 Bbicora pnAa H 0, 25 AJMHH
jioHcna , a B oTAeJibHbix MecTax AonycnaeTcn 10 CM ) ZJaBjieHHe OT npo
jieTHbix cTpoeHHH Ha 6 jioHHyio njiaAKy onop HaAJie?nHT pacnpeAejiHTb
-
nepe3 noA epMeHHbie >neJie3o6eTOHHbie njinra cooTBeTCTByiomen MOIU
HOCTH ^rioAcJ -
591 )epMeHHbie njinra (oroJiOBnn ) 6binoB H ycToeB MOCTOB ,
a Tan>ne HacaAKH cBanHbix onop AOJIJHHH yerpanBaTbcn apMHpoBan

HblMH , TOJUUHHOH He MeHee 0 , 4 M CO CJIHB3MH CTOna BOABI c yKJIOHOM
-
He MeHee 1 10
KapHH3bi AOJOKHbr HMeTb CBecw He MeHee 10 CM , a HHJKHHH njio -
cnocTb
—-
yxjioH He MeHee 1 10 B cTopoHy OT onopbi HJIH cneixnajibHyio
naHaBny cJie3HHK
Ha noA4>epMeHHbix njinTax AOJIHCHH ycTpanBaTbcn apMHpoBaH
Hbie njioiuaAKH A H ycTaHOBKH onopHbix nacTefl Pa3Mepbi STHX ITJIO
--
^
maAon Ha 3 Hanai0TCH c TannM pacneTOM , HTOOBI npanHHe rpaHH HX OT -
CTOHJIH OT rpaHen HH >KHHX noAyuien onopHbix nacTefl Ha 15 20 CM —
a BepxHHH njiocnocTb HX B OajioHHbix Moerax fibijia He HHHce BepxHero
,
pe6 pa CJIHBOB
592 Pa 3Mepbi paccnnTaHHon no nponHOCTH H apMHpoBaHHoft noA-
JjepMeHHoft
( B SajioHHbix MocTax
njiHTbi Ha3HanaK)TCH TanHMH , HTOOBI
B njiaHe paccTOHHHH OT rpaHen njiomaAon AJin ycTaHOBKH onopHbix
qacTefi AO rpaHen njiHTbi 6MJIH
a ) BAOJib MOCTa
npn npoJieTax OT 15 go 30 M —
He MeHee 15 C M ,
203
npH npojieTax OT 30 JXO 100 M
npH npojieiax cBbinie 100 M —— He MeHee 25 CM
He MeHee 35 CM ,
,
6 ) nonepen Mocra
npH 3aKpyrjieHHoft c})opMe no epMeHHofl rumra
^ —
OT yrjia njio --
pbi
—
ma KH jxjin pa3Mem,eHHH onopHbix qaereH JXO 6jiH >KaHmeH rpaHH ono
^ He MeHee BCJIHHHH , yKa 3aHHbix Bbime B n «a» ,
—
npn npHMoyroJibHoft |
flJIH nJIHTHbIX npOJteTHblX CTpOeHHH
—
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20 CM
njinra
,
He MeHee
flJIfl Bcex npOJieTHbIX CTpOeHHH , KpOMe ryiHTHblX , npH onopHbix

MaCTHX
njiocKHX H TaHreHunaJibHbix
KaTKOBbIX H CeKTOpHbIX — — 30 CM
50 CM
,
ripHMeqaHHe B yKa3aHHbie pa 3 Mepu cTpoHtejibHbie aonycKH
He BKJUoqeHbi
P A 3 H E J1 V I I
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593 riOCTOHHHbie AepeBHHHbie MOCTbl npHMeHHIOTCH

Ha >Kejie3Hbix Aoporax
—
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j o~
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-
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TeXHHHeCKHM Tpe60B3HHHM
594 RJIH KOHCTPYKUHH MOCTOB, H3TOTOBJIHEMBIX B 3aB0ACKHX
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^
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^
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— ^
a A IH aBTOAOpOJKHbIX MOCTOB T3KHCe BOflOp 3CTBOpHMbIMH aHTHcen
595 Rjin npeflOTBpameHHH HepOBHOCTeft peJibCOBoro nyTH H noKpbi
-
-
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TejibHbie no beMbi
-
^
596 B 6ajioHHbix acTaKa Hbix MOCTax ,
^ Ha OAHOPHAHHX cBafiHbix
HJIH Jie>KHeBbix onopax, AJIH BocnpHHHTHH T0 pM03Hbix CHJI cjieAyeT
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^ ^ -
—
CTBeHHHe onopbi Ha paccTOHHHHX He 6oJiee 20 25 M HJIH me cBH 3biBaTb
coce HHe onopbi npoAOJibHbiMH CBHSHMH , ecjin nocJieAHHM He yrpojxaeT
^
JieAoxoA, KapnexoA H np
597 XJepeBHHHbie onopbi AOJIJKHH SbiTb HaAe>KHO 3amHmeHbi OT
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^ ^
CBaHHbIX KyCTOB, nJIOCKHX HJIH UiaTpOBblX JieAOpe30 B
2 MATEPHAJlbl
598 JXJIH .HepeBHHHblX 3JieMeHT0 B KOHCTpyKUHH MOCTOB npHMeHHIOT*
CH cocHa , ejib , jincTBeHHHua , Ke p , nnxTa , yAOBjieTBopHfomne Tpedo
^ -
—
BaHHHM TOCT 9463 60 ( jiecoMaTepnajibi npyrjibie XBOHHUX nopoA),
205
—
TOCT 8486 57 (nHAOMarepHaAbi XPOHHMX nopoA) H no xanecTBy
OTBe aioiime AonoAHHTeAbHbiM TpeSoBaHHHM AencTByiomHX TY Ha
^
npoH 3BOACTBo pa6oT, npeA bHBjiaeMbiM K BjieMeHTaM nepBofl KaTeropHH
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( pacTHHyTbie H H3rn6aeMbie ajieMeHTbi npoAeTHbix cTpoeHHfl ) H BTopofi

KaTeropHH (0CTajIbHbie SAeMeHTbl KOHCTpyKIJHH MOCTOB).
Rjin >KeAe3HOAOpO >KHblX MOC-

TOB npHMeHeHHe ejin H nnxTbi AO -
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npn cooTBercTByioineM ofiocHOBa -
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—
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nopoA)
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599 IIpeAeAbi nporaocTH npn H3rn6e H OKHTHH BAOJIB BOJIOKQH
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HHHee HOpMaTHBHHX COnpOTHBAPHHH , npHBeACHHblX B npHAO>KeHHH 3
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600 BAaJKHOCTb ApeBecHHbi, npHMeHHeMOH AAH H3r0T0BAeHH5I
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3AeMeHTOB AepeBHHHbix MOCTOB, AOAJKHa dbiTb AAH 6 peBeH He 6oAee
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25 % , AAH NHAOMATEPH3AOB
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—
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BjiaxcHocTb ApeBecHHbi A HH CBait H 3JieMeHTOB ,
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pacnojio eHHbix HHJKC ropH 30 HTa CBMHX HH 3 KHX BOA, He orpanH
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601 JXJIR
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TOB npHMeHneTCH yrAepoAHCTan , MapTeHOBcxan ropHnexaTaHaH
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^
MapTeHOBCKan ropHHeKaTaHan CTaAb MapKH BCT 3 no TOCT
380 60—AAH
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—
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CM
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250 d 2
(d uHaweTp HarejiH B CM ) ^—
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—
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npn pacneie Ha CMH
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npn pacneTe Ha H 3 ni6 Harenn
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Ta6 A H Ua 63
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608 PacaeTHaa Hecymaa cnscoSHOCTb HareabHbix coe HHeHHfi co
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nn 606 607 , npnaeM B oiyaae pacaeTa H3 ycnoBHa H3nn6a Harejia
(Ta6 ji 63, n 3) npHHHMaeTca Hanfiojibiiiee 3HaaeHHe Hecymefi cnocofi
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610 ripw onpe ejieHHH ycnjinfl H MOMCHTOB B aaeMeHTax npo-
^
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612 IlporoHbi fiaaoaHbix MOCTOB, saeMeHTbi HHHCHero HacTHaa
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-
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npn
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614 H3rH6aioii];HH MOMCHT B noacax cKB03Hbix cfiepM OT MecTHoro
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^ ^
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616 npn onpe ejieHHH ycHJiHH B noaypaMax oTKpbiTbix MOCTOB
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-
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TepHCTHKaM rpyHTOB , COOTBETCTBYIOIN,He yK 33aHHH no onpeAeJieHHio
pacneTHbix conpoTHBjieHHH cKajibHbix rpyHTOB ( nopoA) npHBeAeHbi
B n 683, a necnaHbix rpyHTOB
—
B npHjio>KeHHH 20
PacneTHbie conpoTHBjieHHH rjiHHHcrax rpyHTOB , a B cjiynanx ,
He oxBaTbiBaeMbix npnjioJKeHHeM 20 , TaK>xe H necnaHbix rpyHTOB cjie -
AyeT npHHHMaTb no yCJIOBHOH ( jX) pMyjie n 682 B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT HO -
MeHKJiaTypbi rpyHTOB , onpeAeJineMOH TOJIBRO no HX cpH3HqecKHM xa
pakTepHCTHKaM
-
PacneTHan Hecyman cnocoOHOCTb ( no rpyHTy) cBan , CBan o6ojio - -
-
nex , KOAOAueB o6oJioneK , onycKHbix KOJIOAUCB H KeccoHOB npHHii -
MaeTca corjiacHO npnjioxceHHK) 21
npH HaJIHHHH CJIOH BOAbI HaA njiaCTOM rjIHH HJIH CyrJIHHKOB , HBJIH -
4
IOHTHXCH BOAoynopoM B ocHOBaHHH > yHAaMeHTa , pacneTHbie conpoTHB
jieHHH 3THX rpyHTOB AOJDKHbl 6bITb yBeJIHHeHbl Ha 0 , 1 1
-
B ml CM , Hx
rAe Hx
njiacTa
B
—
rjiy6HHa BOAH B M OT MeJKeHHero ypoBHH AO BOAoynopHoro
, a npn pacneTe no (JjopMyjie n 682
cJio KHbix
AO AHS BOAOTOxa
rHAporeoJioraqecKHx ycjiOBHH noerpoHXH
cjiyqanx ^
229
onop B npoeKTe AOAHCHH onpeAeJieHbi Heo6xoAHMocTb H o6 beM
Stub
CTaTHqecKHX HcnbiTaHHH CBafl H rpyHTa
682 Pac eTHbie conpoTHBJieHHH oceBOMy cxcaTHio, npBHHMaeMbie
^
no HOMeHKJiaType HecKajibHbix rpyrnoB noA ( yHAaMeHTaMH , onpeAe
^ -
2
JIHtOTCH B KZlCM no yCJIOBHOH c opMyjie
R = 1 ,2 { Rf [ I + /Ci ( b^- 2)] + /c2 r' ( h 3)}, -
iyje Rf — no ycjiOBHoe conpoTHBjieHne
Ta6 75 77, —
rpyHTa B m l C M 2 , npHHHMaeMoe
b
— ^
uiHpHHa (MeHbinaH CTopoHa mn AnaivieTp) noAomBbi )yH a
Mema B M , npn iimpHHe 6oJiee 6 M npHHHMaeTCH b= 6 M ,
4 ^ -
h — rjiyfiHHa 3ajio >KeHHH noAoniBbi (JjyH aMeHTa B M , KOTopan
^
npHHHMaercn
y onop MOCTOB Ha MaccnBHbix (JjyHAaMeHTax OT HaHHH3
mefl npoeKTHon OTMCTKH HOBepxHOCTH rpyHTa c yneTOM
— -
npeAycMaTpHBaeMon cpe3KH B npeAeJiax KOHTypa onopbi
HJIH OT AHa BOAOTOKa (c yneTGM pa3MbiBa npn pacqeTHOM
pacxoAe BOA£>I ) ,
—
y Tpy6 OT ecTecTBeHHofl noBepxHocra rpyHTa c yBejin
qeHHeM AJIH Tpy6 33MKHyToro KOHTypa na noJioBHHy BHCO
TH Hacbinn HaA AaHHbiM 3BeH 0M,
-
-
Y — -
npHBeAeHHbin o6 beMHbiH Bee rpyHTa , pacnoJioHceHHoro
Bbiuie noAouiBbi ( )yHAaMeHTa , B m / Ms onpeAeAaeMbiH no
J ,
tJ
)opMyjie
Y
S A, ’
— ofibeMHbie Beca OTAejibHbix cJioeB BbimejieJKamero rpyHTa ,
tcx H
ht
K2
—— TOJIIAHHbl CJlOeB B M ,
K 03( jxj) HUHeHTbi, npHHHMaeMbie no Tafiji 78
T a 6 JI H u a 75
yCJIOBHMe COnpOTHBJieHHfl R' TJlHHHCTblX ( HenpOCaXOHHblx )
rpyHTOB B OCHOBaHHflX B K Z / C M 2
KOSt HUHeHT KOHCHCTeHU, HH B
HaHMeHOBaHHe
rpyma
JI9S$4> H 4 HeHT
B
^ pHCTOCTH
0 0 1
^^0 , 2 0,3 0 4 0, 5 0 6
CynecH ( npH 0,5 3, 5 3, 0 2,5 2,0 1 ,5 1 ,0

W n < 5) 0,7 3, 0 2,5 2,0 1 ,5 1 ,0
CyrjiHHKH ( npa 0, 5 4.0 3, 5 3, 0 2,0 1 ,5 1 ,0
10 20) 0, 6 5, 0 3,5 3, 0 2, 5 2,0 1.5 1 , 0
0 ,8 4 ,0 3,0 2 ,5 2,0 1 ,5 1 ,0
1 ,1 3,0 2, 5 2,0 1 ,5 1 ,0
230
ripn 3Ha*ieHHHx Wn B npejiejiax 5 10 H 15 20 npHHHMaroTca
cpe HHe 3HaqeHHH R' MejK y cynecsiMH H cyrjiHHKaMH H cooTBeicT
— — -
^
BeHHo Me>Kfly cyrjiHHKaMH H rviHHaMH ^
BejiH HHa ycjiOBHoro pacneTHoro conpoTHBjieHHH ' fljiH rymHHcrax R
^
rpyHTOB TBep OH KOHCKCTeHUHK (5 0) yCTaHaBJIHBaeTCH B 33BHCH
^ <R -
MOCTH OT peayjibTaTOB HcnbiTaHHH ( ’
MaeTCH AJIH cyneceft OT 4 2,
1 ,5
ao
) rpyHfa H npHHH
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= Rcx -
ao
2
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20 KZ / CM flJIH I7IHH OT 8 flO 30 KZ / CM 2
.
T a 6 JI H A a 76
ycJiOBHbie conpoTHBJieHHfl R' necnaiibix rpyHTOB B ocHOBaHHax B K Z j C M*
R
HaFMeHOnarfHe rpyma H BJia*HOCTb c yneTOM
CoCTOHHHe rpyHTOB
B03 MO >KHOrO H 3 M 6 H 6 HHH B SyflymeM

cpeaneft
njiOTHoe
IUIOTHOCTH
riecKH rpaBejiHCTbie H KpynHbie HesaBHCHMO OT HX

BJiaJKHOCTH 4,5 3, 5
IlecKH cpe Hefi KpynHOCTH
?
^
Ma.ioBJia >KHbie 4,0 3, 0
otieiib BJiaJKHbie H HacbiuxeHHbie BOAOH 3, 5 2,5
IlecKH MeJiKHe
ivHJioB
^ a ^ Hbie 3, 0 2, 0
0 M 6 Hb BJia KHbie H HacbimeHHbie
^ BOAOH 2, 5 1 ,5
riei- KH nbneBaTbie
MajiOBJia
^ Hbie 2, 5 2,0
2,0 1 ,5
oqeHb Bjia
^ KHHe
HacbrmeHHbie BOAOH 1.5 1 ,0
TaCjinua 77
YcJiOBHbie conpoTHBJieHHH R* Kpyn »oo6JiOMoqHbix rpyHTOB
B OCHOBaHHflX B KZjCM 2
HaHMeHOBaHHe rpyuta R
IHeGeHHCTbift ( rajieqHHKOBbifl ) c
nop
HHTejieM
necqaHHM 3anoA- 6,0-10 , 0
JIpecBnHHH ( rpaBHfiHbiii) H 3 O6 JIOMKOB KpHCTaji -
jiHqecKHX nopoA
peCBHHblfl ( rpaBHHHblH ) 06JIOMKOB OCaAOnHblX
5, 0 — 8, 0
^ nopoA
H3
3, 0 — 5,0
231
T a <5 A H u a 78
KoStjxJWUHeHTb! Ki H K <i
HaiiMeHOBaHHO rpynxa B M
— i
TP ^ BHH , mJibKa , necoK rpaBunicibni , KpynHbiH

H CpeAHBH KpynHOCTH 0 , 10 0 , 30
necoK MCJIKHH 0 , 08 0 , 25
llecoK nbiJieBaTbiH, cynecb 0 , 06 0 , 20
C rjiHHOK H nmia TBepAbie H noJiyTcep wc
> 0, 04 0 , 20
CvrjiHiiOK H rjinna Tyromacinqiibie H MarKonJia ^ -
CTHM Ibie 0 , 02 0, 15
683, PacueTHoe conpoTHBJieHHe oceBOMy OKSTHK) CKajibHbix rpyH

TOB ( nopoA) B ocHOBaHHHX onpeAeJineTcn no (])opMyjie
-
R = rnkROK*
v&e RC K 3 — npe eji npoHHOCTH ( cpeAHHft ) Ha oAHOOCHoe oxaTHe o6 pa3
^
UOB, HcnbiTaHHbix B BoAOHacbimeHHOM COCTOHHHH cornacHo
-
k
— êHCTByiOmHM HHCTpyKUHHM,
KOstjxjmuHeHT OAHopoAHoCTH rpyHTa no npe ejiy npon
HOCTH Ha OAHOOCHOe CJKaTHe, KOTOpblH npn OTCyTCTBHH
onbiTHbix aHHbix AonycKaeTCH npHHHMaTb paBHbiM 0,17,
^ -
m — ^
KoatjxjDHLuieHT ycjioBHH pafioTw, npHHHMaeMbifi paBHbiM 3
n p i i M e q a H H e n p n HajinmiH B ocHOBaiiHH cmibHO TpeuuiiioaaTux
HJIH BblBeTpHBUIHXCH ( pyXJIHK ) , a T3 KJKe pa 3 MHrqaeMHX CKajIbHblX rpyHTOB
( nopoA ) Bonpoc 06 HX HcnoJib30 BaHHH B KaqecTBe ociiOBaiiHH H Ha3 HaqeHHH
BeJiH'inHbi pacqeTHoro conpOTHBJieHHa AOJiHten peiuaTbCfl c npOBe GHHCM
npn H6O6 XOAHMOCTH ncnLrrauiiii rpyHTOB jrraMnaMH ^
684 PacneTHoeconpoTHBJieHHe rpyHTa y xpan noAomBbi BHeneHT -
peHHo HarpynceHHoro ( ) yHAaMeHTa npHHHMaeTCH paBHbiM 1 , 27? A*KH
AonojiHHTeJibHoro coneTaHHH Harpy30 K
—
J
CKAJIBHORO ocHOBaHHfl , a B ocTajibHbix cjiynanx TOJIBKO npH yneTe
R pacneTHoe conpoTHBJieHHe rpyHTa oceBOMy CMCSTHIO

—
3 PACHETbl
685 PacHera rpyHTOBbix ocHosaHHH H cpyHASMeHTOB MOCTOB H Tpy6

npOH3 BOAHTCH
1 n o nepBoMy n p e eJibHOMy COCTOHHHIO
^
a) n o npoHHOcTH KOHCTpyKUHH (J)y HAHMeHTOB ( no MaTepnaJiy)
corjiacHo pa 3AejiaM I LI VII1, —
6) no npoHHocTH (ycTOHHHBOCTH ) rpyHTOBbix ocHOBaHHH ( j) yHAa
MeHTOB, a TaKxce cBan , oOojioneK , KOAOAU6B H KeccoHOB no rpyHTy,
-
B) no yCTOHHHBOCTH nOJIGJKeHHH (J)yHAaMeHTOB ( npOTHB onpOKHAbl
B3HHH H CKOJlbJKGHHn ) COTJiaCHO pa 3ACJiy I
-
1
TaKJKe Ha TpeiAHHOCTOHKOCTb >KeJie306eT0 HHbiX 3JI 6 MeHTOB
A JjyHAaMCHrOB
(
no TpeTbeMy npeACJibHOMy COCTOHHHK) coraacHo pa 3AeJiy III

232
2 Flo B T o p o M y npe ,zi; EJIB H O M Y C O C T O H H H I O (AeifopMa
J
IXHHM) OCHOB3HHH H ( )yHAaMeHTOB C paCHdOM OCa OK OCHOB3HHH H
-
ropH30HTajibHbix cMemeHHH sepxa onop, a TBKHCG c npoBepKofi IIOJIO ^ -
JKeHHH paBHO efiCTByiOmeH aKTHBHbIX CHJI
^
RJIH MOCTOB BHeniHe CTaTnqecKH onpe&eJiHMbix CHCTCM flonyc -
xaeTCH
а ) npii npoJieTax AO 50 M m >Kejie3Hbix Aoporax H AO 100 M Ha aBio -
ModHJibHHX Aoporax H B ropoAax He npoH 3BOAHTb pacneT ocaAOK
ocHOBaHHH , 3a HCKJiiOHeHHeM cjiynaeB , yKa3 aHHbix B npHjio>KeHHH 20 ,
б) npn MaccHBHbix ( >yHAaMeHTax , 3aKJiaAHBaeMbix B oTKpbirax
J
KOTjiOBaHax , H npn BbicoTe Ha
JUJIH
^
yHjxaMeHTHofi nacTH onop He 6oJiee
20 M He onpeAejiHTb ropH 30 HTajibHbie cMemeHHH Bepxa onop
MOCTOB Bcex cncTeM npn onnpaHHH Ha CKajibHbie rpyHTbi ( no -
po bi) pacneT oca oK He TpedyeTcn
^ ^
JXnn OCHOB3HHH onop MaJIbIX H Cpe,HHHX MOCTOB H JIH Tpy6 BMeCTO
AByx caMOCTOHTejibHbix pacneTOB 1 ,6 H 2 HacTonmero nyHKTa Aony ^ --
CKaercn orpaHHHHBaTbcn OAHHM pacneTOM 1 , 6 c HcnoJib30BaHHeM yc
JIOBHHX pacneTHbIX COnpOTHBJieHHH , npHHHMHeMblX B 33BHCHM0CTH OT
HOMeHKJiaTypbi rpyHTOB , c npoBepKofi nojiOHteHHH paBHO eficTByioiueH
aKTHBHbIX CHJI ^
686 yCHJIHH H MOMeHTbl OT Harpy30 K H B035CHCTBH & , BXOAHIAHX
TOJibKo B onojiHHTeJibHbie H ocofibie coneTaHHH , onpeAejiaiOTCH OT -
^
AejibHo BAOJib H oTAeJibHO nonepeK MocTa H npa onpeAeJieHHH AAB -
jieHHfl Ha rpyHT He cyMMHpyiOTCH Apyr c ApyroM, HO npn onpeAe
jieHHH AaBJieHHH Ha CBan H CB 3H -O6OJIOHKH cyMMHpyioTCH
-
687 CBanHbie (JiyHAaMeHTbi MOCTOBHX onop B 33BHCHMOCTH OT
noToxceHHH noAoniBbi njiHTbi pocTBepKa no OTHomeHHio K noBepxHOCTH
rpyHTa npOeKTHpyiOTCH HH3 KHe HJIH BbICOKHe CoOTBeTCTByKHUHH
KpHTepHH H MeTOABI paCHeTa yHAaMeHTOB npn BbICOKHX CB 3HHHX
^
pocTBepnax npHHHMaiOTCH no cneunajibHbiM TexHHHecKHM yK 333HHHM
688 PacneTH (JjyHAaMeHTOB Ha nponHOCTb no rpyHTy npoH3Bo -
AHTCH
a) npH nepe ane CBaen HJIH ApyrHM ajieMeHTOM AaHHoro (JiyHAa
^
MeHTa (cBaH-o6ojionKH , KOJioAUa-o6ojioHKH , onycKHoro KOJiOAua HJIH
-
KECCOHA ) TOJIbKO OCeBOH CHJIbl no (})OpMyjiaM
H
P" < 1 , 2P0 ,
6 ) npn nepe ane tjjy H ASMCHTOM
^
neHHeM cJiynaeB pacneTa c
oceBon CHJIH H MOMeHTa , 3a HCKJIIO
yneTOM 3aAGJiKH no (JiopMyjiaM
-
N
t w
( HJIH 1 , 2/? — corjiacHo n 684).
cBaft-o6oJioneK npn
P’ ^
H
JIH oTAejibHbix CB 3 H
P" BbiqHCJIHIOTCH
H
no <}>OpMyjiaM
KH3K 0M poCTBepKe
233
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M’yx
pf = —n ± MxZ
y
N' .
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2
2
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>
—n ± I y?
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rfle Pf
— pacneTHoe &aBjieHHe Ha roJioBy CBan HJIH cBaH 060
-
JIOHKH, a npH KOJioAuax oOoJioHKax , onycKHbix KOJIOA
-
-
uax H KeccoHax
—J
HopMajibHoe AaBjieHHe B njiocKocTH
BepxHero o6 pe3a ( )yHAaMeHTa ,
PH — pac eraoe AasjieHHe Ha roJioBy yrjioBOH CB3H HJIH
^-
cBaH o6o «aoHKH cjiyHAaMeHTa ,
PQ — pacneTHaa Hecymaa cnocofiHocTb no rpyHTy cBan,
- -
CBaH o6oJioaKH, KoJioAua oSoJiOHKH, onycKHoro KO -
N
— jiOAUa HJIH KeccoHa corjiacHO npHjioJKeHHio 21,
oceBaa cnjia B njiocKocTH noAouiBbi >yHAaMeHTa 3a
BbiaeTOM A H onycKHbix cacTeM CHJIM TpeHHa no
^
6OKOBOH noBepxHocTH ( npHjioaceHHe 21)
4
CHJIH TpeHHa yanTbiBaioTca TOJibKO B npeABJiax

BepTHKajibHbix rpaHefi c})yHAaMeHTa AO nepBoro
F H
M
IF
—— cHH3y o6 pe3a ,
MOMeHT B njiocKocTH noAouiBbi (JiyHAaMeHTa OT BHem
HHX Harpy30K ,
njiomaAb H MOMCHT conpoTHBjieHHH noAouiBbi cJjyH
-
-
AaMeHTa ,
R — pacaeTHoe conpoTHBjieHHe oceBOMy OKHTHK) rpyHTa
B ypoBHe noAoniBbi | c )yHAaMeHTa,
My —
/
N\ M x H paBHOAeHCTByiomaa BepTHKajibHbix CHJI H MOMeHTbi

OTHOCHTeJIbHO TJiaBHblX OCefl B njIOCKOCTH nOAOHIBH
njiHTbi pocTBepna ,
n HHCJIO CBafl HJIH cBaH -o6ojioHeK B (}>yHAaMeHTe ,

xl H Vi — paccTOHHHH OT rjiaBHbix ocefi njiaHa cBafi AO OCH
KAACAOH CBBH
X H y — paccTOHHHH OT TJiaBHblX CCeH AO CB3H, A S* KOTO
poS BbmHCJiaeTca AaBjieHHe
^ -
CKaJIbHOM OCHOBaHHH ) HJIH M y He paBHbl HyjlK),
ECJIH M ( npH
pacaeT npoH 3BOAHTca no o6eHM (JjopMyjiaM, npHBeAeHHbiM eooTBeT
cTBeHHo B n a H 6
-
KpoMe Toro, cBaHHbifi (JjyHAaMeHT AOJi eH CbiTb npoBepeH Kan yc
JIOBHblH WaCCHBHblH COTJiaCHO npHJIO>KeHHIO 22
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n p M M e q a H H A 1 PacTHHteHHe B cBanx .aonycKaeica npn jio
nOJIHHTeJIbHbIX H OC06bIX COlieT3HH 5IX Harpy 30 K
-
2 Bee CBSH HJIH CBan OCOJIO^ KH &o6 aBJi 5ieTCH K BejiHHHHaM CHJI P' H Pn
689 ECJIH HHHce noAouiBbi (JiyHAaMeHTa 3ajieraeT CJIOH 6oJiee cjia -
6oro rpyHTa , TO npoH3BOAHTCH AO noJI H HTeJI b Han npoBepna AaBJieHHH
no STOMy noACTHJiaioii;eMy CJIOKD corjiacHo npHJio>KeHHio 23
690 CBaHHbie c})yHAaMeHTbi, npoeKTHpyeMbie KaK HH3KHH pocT -
BepK, AOJDKHbi 6biTb npoBepeHbi Ha AencTBHe ropH30HTajibHbix CHJI
corjiacHo npHJioHceHHio 24
691 PacneT )yHAaMeHTOB onycKHbix cncTeM, a TaKJKe (JiyHAaMeHTOB,
4
cnoco6 norpy>KeHHH KOTopbix o6ecneHHBaeT ECTECTBEHHYIO njioTHOCTb
234
oKpyxcaiomero < )y maMeHT rpyHTOBoro Tejia , npoH 3 BOAHTcn c yneTOM
J *
3a ejiKH B rpyHTe corjiacHO npHjio>KeHHK) 25
^3a eJiKa yHHTbiBaeTcn OT OTMCTKH pa3MbiBa rpyHTa y AaHHOH onopti
^
npn pacneTHOM pacxoae BOAM
692 PacMeT ycTOHHHBocTH MaccHBHbix ( > YHAAMCHTOB onop npoTHB J
CKOJIbJKeHHH ( nJIOCKHH CABHr) npOH3BO HTCH COrjl 3CHO yK 33aHHHM p 33-
^
Aena I npn cjie yiomHX 3HaneHHHx K03(jxf )Hu,HeHT0B TpeHHH KJiaflKH
no rpyHTy ^
J jIfl
\ rJIHH H CKaJIbHUX rpyHTOB C OMblJIHBaiOmeHCH
nOBepXHOCTblO ( TJIHHHCTbie H 3 BeCTHHKH , CJiaHUbl H T n )
Bo BJI 3JKHOM COCTOHHHH 0 , 25

To >Ke flJiH cyxHX 0 , 30
JUJIK cyrJiHHKOB H cynecefl 0 , 30
» neCKOB 0 , 40
» rpaBHflHbix H raJieHHHKOBbix rpyHTOB 0 , 50
» CKaJibHbix rpyHTOB ( nopoa) c HeoMbiJiHBa
lomeficH noBepxHocTbio 0 , 60
OyH aMeHTbi ycToeB paccHHTbiBaioTCH Taione Ha ycroHHHBocTb
^
npoTHB rJiyfioKoro CABHra (no KpyrjiouHJiHHApHnecKHM NOBEPXHOCTHM
CKOJIbXCeHHH )
npH npHMeHeHHH cneunajibHbix KOHCTPYKTHBHBIX pemeHHH jinn
yBeJIHHeHHH COnpOTHBJieHHH (j)yH,HaMeHTa CKOJIbJKeHHIO ( yCTpOHCTBO
3 y6a (JjyH aMeHTa , ynep>KHBaiomero aHKepa H T n ) , noMHMO CHJI Tpe
^ -
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pyKUHHMH
693 \ J jlR OCHOBaHHfi MaccHBHbix yH aMeHTOB onop, paCCHHTbl -
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^ ^
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noJioneHHe paBHOAeftcTByiomeH ,
e0
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6biTb orpaHHHeHo cjie yiomHMH npe ejiaMH
^
a) Ha H e c K a J i b H b i x r p y H T a x ^
A J I H n p o M e x^ y T O H H b i x o n o p
npn yneTe TOJIBKO nocTOHHHbix Harpy30K 0, 10 , —
npn AonoJiHHTejibHbix coneTaHHHX Harpy30K 1 ,00,
AJiH y c T o e B
—
npn yneTe TOJIBKO nocTOHHHbix Harpy30K
flJIH 5Kejie3H 0A0p05KHbIX MOCTOB — RJIX aBTOAOpOJKHbIX H TOPOACKHX

—
0 , 8,
0, 5, MOCTOB
npn AonojiHHTeJibHbix coneTaHHHX Harpy30K
AJIH )Kejie3HOAOpOHCHbIX
0, 6 ,
MOCTOB
— AJ1H aBTOAOpOHCHbIX H TOpOACKHX
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AeficTByromeft N oTHocHTejibHo ueHTpa THXCCCTH
noAoniBbi (JjyH aMeHTa ,
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OCH noAOiUBbi (})yHAaMeHTa ,
w
p = -p — paAnyc pa ceneHHH (pyHAaMeHTa , npHneM MOMeHT
^
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conpoTHBJieHHH OTHOCHTCH K MeHee Harpyx<eHHOH
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250
IM 0 , 5 10 500 11 000 9 500 250
r -9 9 000 9 500 8 000 250
r -8 8 000 8 500 7 000 250
r- 7 7 000 7 500 6 000 250
r -6 6 000 6 500 5 000 250
r- 4 , 5 4 500 5 000 3 500 250
npHMeqaHHH 1 npH 3H 3 MHTeJlbHOH HHTeHCHBHOCTH ABH >K 6HHH AJIfl

ropOACKHX MOCTOB npH cooTBeTCTByiomeM oSocHOBaHHH AonycKaeTca npHHH
MaTb yBeJiH eHHbie ra 6apHTbr , uiHpHHa KOTOpbix Ha 3HaHaeTCH KpaTHoii
7 000 M M ^
2 Ha MOCTax , Kor a ycTpoficTBO pa 3AejiHTejibH 0H nojiocbi conpJOKeHo
^
c dojibuiHMH MaTepnajibHbiMH 33TpaTaMH , AonycKaeTcn BeJiHHHHy pa3Aejm
rejibHofi nojiocbi C yMeHbinaTb AO uejiecoo6 pasHux pa 3MepOB, HO He MeHee
1 200 M M
—
3 TaCapHT T -6 npHweHHeTCH TOJibKo npH npoeKTHpOBaHHH AepeBflHHbix
MOCTOB, a ra6ap «T T - 4 , 5 TOJibKo B HCKjiioqHTejibHbix cjiyqaax Ha Aoporax
B ropHofl MecTHocTH npH uiHpHHe npoe 3 efi qacra Aopom ae 6oJiee
4 500 M M ^
4 TaSapHTbi MOCTOB Ha aBTOMoSHJibHbix aoporax H B ropoaax Ha3Ha-
naiOTCH no TafijiHue B 3aBHCHM0CTH OT KaTeropHH AoporH HJIH yjiHUbi
c yneTOM nepcneKTHBH , BH.ua TpaHcnopTa , HHTeHCHBHOCTH ABHJKeHHa ,
AJiHHbi MOCTa , pacnoJioaceHHH ero B npotfiHJie H njiaHe H Apyrnx MectHbix
yCJIOBHH
5 B cjiynanx , a MajibiH MOCT HBJIHCTCH npHMbiM npoAOJDKeHHeM
yjrnubi , uiHpHHy
Kor
^
npoe3>KeH nacTH Ha MocTy AonycKaeTcn npHHHMaTb
paBHOH uiHpHHe npoesxcen qacra yjrnubi
MaHHMaJibHbiM raSapHTOM ropoACKHX MOCTOB npn H 3JIHHHH TpaMBafl -
Horo ABHJKeHHH HBJIHeTCH T- 14, npH 3T0M IIOA AB 3 TpaMBaHHbIX nyra
OTBOAHTCH nojioca HiHpHHoft 7 000 M M , pa3MemaeMan HJIH no OCH npo-
e3JKeft nacTH , HJIH HenocpeACTBeHHO y SopTOBoro K3MHH (OopAiopa,)
6 UJHpHHa TpOTyapoB T Ha3HaqaeTCH KpaTHofl 750 M M B 33BHCHMG-
CTH OT HHTeHCHBHOCTH neUieXOAHOrO ABHHCeHHfl ,
2AZ
nponycKHaa cnoco
1 000 nemexoAOB B nac ^
Hocrb O HOH
^ nojrocti tporyapa npummaeTcfl
UlnpHHa o Hono ocHbix TpoTyapoB, npHMbiKaiomHX K npoe3fly,

^ ^
npHHHMaeTCH paBHofi 1000 M M (750 M M -f - 3am,HTHaH nojioca 250 M M )
IlpH noJiHOM oTcyTCTBHH nemexo Horo BHKeHHH AonycKaeTca
saMeHHTb TpoTyap 3amHTHoft IIOJIOCOH niHpHHofl^ 250 M M ^
JXJIH ropo CKHx MOCTOB C raSapHTOM T 10,5 BKJHOTHTejibHO MHHH
^ - -
—
MajibHan mnpHHa TpoTyapoB npHHHMaeTCH 1 500 M M , npn 6ojibiiiHX
raSapHTax 2 250 M M
7 UlHpHHa no MocTOBbix radapHTOB nyTenpoBOAOB H nemexoAHbix
MOCTOB npHHHMaeTCH ^
Ha# aBTOMo6HJlbHbIMH AOpOraMH — paBHOH, KaK npaBHJIO, UIHpHHe
3eMjiHHoro noJiOTHa nepeceKaeMoii Aoporn,
Haa ropo CKHMH yjiHuaMH — c yneTOM HX nmpHHbi H KaTeropHH
^
8 TaSapHTH MOCTOB, pacnojioxceHHbix Ha KpHBbix ynacTKax Aopo -
rn, npHHHMaioTCH no TaSjiHuecyiHHpeHHeM eJiHHHHaKOTOporoBKaHc
flOM OTjiejibHOM cjiynae ycraHaBjiHBaeTCfl pacneTOM ^ . -
HOPMATHBHblE XAPAKTEPHCTHKH MATEPHAJIOB H

(K nn 42, 43 H
—
npuAootceHue 3
pa 3fl, III VII )
K034> 4> HI( HEHTbI OAHOPOAHOCTH

HopMaTHBHbieCOnpOTHBJieHHH (oCHOBHbie) H K 03t})(})HUHeHTbI
-
^
Hbi B Ta6 ji 1
—
O HOpO HOCTH MaTepHaJlOB , npHHHTbie B HaCTOflIUHX Ty , npHBe e
^ .
5
AJIH CTaJieA
T a 6 JI H u a 1
^
HOpMaTHBHOe K09(bd)HIlHeHT
COTIpOTHB eHHe oflHOpOflHOCTH
HaHMeHOBaarfe ctaJiH
^
t
R f t B K9 CM 2 £
CT 3 MOCT , BCT 3 2 400 0, 9

M16C 2300 0, 9
yrjiepoflHCTaa MapTe
H 0BCK8H TOpHHeKaTaHaH
JIJIH 3
pHH TOJILUHH
KaTero - 2 600 0 , 85
BCT 5 nepHo HnecKoro
^f
npO( )HJIH 3 000 0, 9*
HH 3KOJierHpoBaHHaa 15XCH R 3 500** 0,85

MapieHOBCKan ropane
KaTaHan
- 25r 2C, 35rc
30Xr 2C
4 000
6 000
0 , 85
0,85
CiajibHoe JiHTbe THna 25J1 2 400 0, 75
* RAH TOJUUHH 40 MM H 6ojiee 0, 85

** Rjin npOKaTa HH3 Ko;ierHpoBaHHofi
6ojiee 32 MM H
— MapKH 15 XCHJI TOJIUUIHOH
CTajra
npOKaTa HH 3KOJierHpoBaHHUx cTa nefi apyrax MapoK Hopwa - -
THBHbie conpoTHBjieHHH H K 03( j)( j> HUHefrrbi o Hopo ttOCTH ycTaHaBjiHBaioTCH c yne
TOM cneuaa bHbix TexuH ecKHx yKasaanfi
^ ^
^ ^
243
T a 6 JI H u a 2
HJW rrpoBOJiOKH
H
£
HopMaTHBHoe RH B K S /C M 2
npH
HaHMenoBaHne
conpOTHBJieHHe
npOBOJlOKH B M M
^ HaMerpe
Sa- oX
++
£
«5
CTajlH
2.0 2 6 3.0 4.0 5 0 6.0 7.0 8 0 f&

2*
*
3WH
a
X o U
e a
*
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=
*;
0 0 (0
X CL X
2 t
5 >» °
9 «
n
g.
—
no TOCT
7348 55
FlepHOAH -
20 000 19 000 18 000 17 000 16 000 15 000 14 000 0, 8
qecKoro
o >> R npO( ) H n 18 000 18 000 17 000 16 000 15 000 14 000 13 000 12 000 0, 8
J ^
8 g «• no TOCT
5 o
CQ ps
8480 57
—
T a 6 JI H ua 3
fljia 6exoHa
HopMaTHBHoe conpOTHBJie Koa(j)(}) Hi;HeHT OflHOpOflHO

HHe B K S / C M 2 flJJH MapOK CTH £
BHA COnpOTHBJieHHH
150 200 250 300 400 500 600

150
A
200
B A
250 600
— B
CJKaTHe oceBoe ( npH 3M6H *

Han npoqHOCTb ) R^ p 115 145 180 210 280 350 420
0 , 60 0 , 55 0, 65 0 , 60
Cscarne npn H 3rn 6e R* 140 180 220 260 350 440 520
PacTHênne Rp 13 16 18 21 25 28 30 0 , 45 0, 50
T a 6 JI H u a 4
RJIB KJI & AKH
HopMaTHBHoe conpoTHB e
^
HHe B KS / CM 2
Mapxa
BKA KjiaAKH npH BbicOTe pnfla KJiaflKH
pacTBOpa B MM
180 250 500 H 6ojiee
1 K na -
KaMHen
Ka ns uiTyqHbix npnpotfiibix
^
а) no yimcTon TecKH ( BbicTynw %o
^
10 MM ) npn Mapne K3MHH He HH
7K e 1000 n TOJimHHe UJBOB ae
CBHUje 15 MM 200 210 340
б ) TO me npn iwapKe KaMHH He HH 200 180 280
me 800 150 170 280
244
npoflojiweHHe
HopMaTHBHoe conpoTHBJie
HHe RH B K S j C M 2
MapKa
BHA KJI 3AKH npH
pacTBOpa
BbICOTe pHA
B MM
^ KJiaAKH
—
180 250 500 H Cojiee
B) rpydooKOJioTbix B npaBHJibHyio 200 130 200

$opMy ( BbicTynu AO 10 M M ) npH 150 120 200
MapKe K3MHH He HHJKe 600 100 110 200
2 K â Ka HS 6eTOHHbix KaMHefi
HJIH
^
6JIOKOB npH TOJIIUHHe LUBOB He CBblUie
15 M M H MapKe 6eTOHa
400 200 130 210
300 150 100 160
200 100 70 120
3 ByTOBaa KJiaAKa HS KBMHH MapKH

He HH >Ke 400i
a ) nocTejiHCToro ot6opHoro, o(5 pa6o
TaHHOrO « BnpHKOJI »
- 100 50
6) nocTeJiHCToro 100 40
B) o6biKHOBeHHoro 6 yTOBoro 100 24
npHMeqaHHe npH conpoTHBJieHufi ,

BbiqHCJieHHH pacqeTHbix KJI 3AOK
.
KpoMe K03$(J)HUHeHTOB mx 0,9 H k = 0,5, BBeAeH Koa
^ HuneHT m 2 = 1,1
T a (5 JI H u a 5
Ann Aepeea
BHA Hanp « }KeHHoro COCTOHHHH

A CKajibiBaHHe
<u a CJKaTHe H CMHTH 6
noKasarejia
o ; § g
*c st ^
s 5“ o nonepeK
-
U BAOJIb nonepeK BAOJIb
« BOJIOKOH BOJIOKOH BOJIOKOH BOJIOKOH
S O a S
HopMaTHBHoe a 500 550 300 40 20

conpOTHB e
HH 6
^ RK
-
B KZ / CM3 6 400 440 240 23 35 17
K 03(})(J) HAHeHT OAHOpOAHO

CTH k 0, 4 0 , 27 0 , 65 0, 9 0,7 0,7
ne a ,
npHMeqaHHe HopMaTHBHbie conpOTHBjieHHfl , npHBeAeHHbie BERPO
OTHOCHTCH K npeAejiaM npoqHocTH HHCTOH ApeBecHHbi npH CTaHAapx
--
Hbix ncnbiTaHHHx Majibix o6 pa 3UOB, a npHBeAeHHbie B CTpOKe 6 K conpo-
THBJieHHHM HHCTOfi ApeBeCHHbl npH OrpaHHqeHHOH A ffHTeJIbHOCTH B03AChCT
BHH nojiHofi pacqeTHofi Harpy 3KH - -
245
npuAoofcenue 4
( K n 54)
OllPEflEJIEHHE riEPHOAA CBOEOflHbIX r0PH30 HTAJIbHblX

KOJIEEAHHft nPOJIETHbIX CTPOEHHfl
Pacnerayio BeJiHHHHy nepnoAa CBOSOAHUX ropH30 HTaJibHbix KOTS
6aHHH dajio^ Hbix pa3pe3Hbix npojieTHbix CTpoeHHH T B cenyH ax Aony -
-
CKaeTCH onpeAeJiHTb no (popMyjie ^
TAB M
——
T = 2JI
/?
npHBeAeHHan Macca npojieTHoro CTpoeHHH B m CCK ^ / M ,
C pacqeraaH xapaKTepncTHKa ropH30HTajibHOH xtecTKoeiH
npojieTHoro CTpoeHHH B m / M
npHBe eHHaH Macca 6aJuraoro pa 3pe3Horo npojieTHoro CTpoeHHH
^
onpeflejineTCH no (popMyjie
pi
M — 0 ,5 —
g’
r e p
^ —
HOpMaTHBHaa nocTOHHHan Harpy3Ka AAH npojieTHoro cxpoe
HHH (c yneTOM Beca MocTOBoro nojiOTHa ) B m/ M MOCTS ,
-
l —
pacneTHbifl npojieT B M ,
—
£ = 9, 81 M / ceK? ycKopeHne CHJIM THA CTH ^
PacneTHyio BejiHHHHy ropH30HTaJibHoft JKCCTKOCTH npojieTHoro
CTpoeHHH AonycxaeTCH onpe ejiHTb no cpopMyjie
^ i p
c= b + ’ , 62
r e 8X
^ H 82 — ropH30HTaJibHbift npornd (B M ) BeTpoBbix pepM, pac
(
nOJIOJKeHHblX COOTBeTCTBeHHO B njIOCKOCTH e3AbI H

-
BHe 3TOH njiocKOCTH , OT rpy3a , paBHoro 1 m, npH -
JIOHCeHHOrO B njlOCKOCTH BeTpOBOH (JjepMH B cepe
AHHe ee npojieTa ,
-
P— K 03(jxpHUHeHT , ynHTbiBaioiii.HH JKecTKocTb nonepenHbix
CBH36 H
CKB03HBIX 6ajI0HHbIX npOJieTHbIX CTpOeHHft C npO OJIbHblMH
ZljIH
CBH3HMH B Byx nJIOCKOCTHX AOnyCKaeTCH npHHHMaTb S3 ^
= 81
^
Onpe eJieHHenporHGa 8 AAH BeTpoBbix (pepM c KpecTOBOH pemeTKoft
^
npOH3BOAHTCH B npeAnOJIO>KeHHH , HTO yCHJIHH B nOHCax paBHbl MOMeHTy
AJia cepeAHHbi paccMaTpHBaeMofi naHeJin , AeJieHHOMy Ha paccTOHHHe
MexcAy OCHMH rjiaBHbix (pepM, a nonepenHan CHJia nopoBHy pacnpeAe
jinexcn MeJKAy nepeceKaiomHMHCH AHaroHajiHMH
-
p
KoacpcpHUHeHT , ynuTbiBaioLUHH xcecTKocTb nonepenHbix cBH 3efi ,
peKOMeHAyeTCH npHHHMaTb B pa3Mepe
a) A«aa MOCTOB C C3AOH noHH3y
B cjiynae, ecjm B nopTajiax H paMax nonepenHbix cBH3en oTcyTCT
ByeT CKB03Hoe 3anojiHeHHe HAH JKecTKne cnJioumbie pacnopKH , 0, p= -
246
B
-
c Jiynae
nonepe^ Hbix
HaJiHHHH mecTKHX nopTajioB, HO npH OTCYTCTBHH BpaMax
cBH 3efi >KCCTKHX crmoniHbix pacnopoK HJIH cKB03Horo 3a -
nOJlHeHHH C BbICOTOfl fiOJIbllieH , HeM IIOJIOBHHa paCCTOKHHH Me>KAy OCH
MH rJiaBHbix (JjepM, p=
0, 2 ,
-
npH HajiHHHH B nopTajiax H paMax nonepe Hbix cBH3eS cKB03Horo
^
3anojiHeHHH Ha BbicoTe He MeHbmefi , neu nojiOBHHa paccTOHHHH MejKAy
OCHMH rjiaBHbix tpepM HJIH cooTBeTCTByiomero eMy no HteCTKocra
cnjiouiHoro 3anojiHeHHH , p=
0, 2 0,008 /, HO He 6ojiee 1 ,
+
6) AJIH MOCTOB c e3AOH noBepxy
npH HaJIHHHH KeCTKHX CKB03HHX nonepeHHbIX CBH3eft B npOJieTe
Kan B cjiynae pacnojiCtfKeHHH onopHbix nacTeft B ypoBHe HH>KHero nonca
npn ycTpoficTBe Ha onopax JKCCTKHX onopHbix paM HJIH HaifjparM, Tax
H B CJiynae pacnoJumeHHH onopHbix nacTefi B ypoBHe BepxHero non ^ -
ca, p= +
0,5 0,01 /, HO He 6ojiee 1
n p H M e H S H n e npH cnjiouiHbix 6ajiKax B njiomaAb noacos BeTpoBbix
$epM npH onpe eJieHHH nepeMemeHHH BBOAHTCH qacTb CTCHKH, BbixoAHmefi
^
3a nojiKy yroJixa aa AJMHe, paBHofi 25 TojiutHHaM CTCHKH
npuAootcenue 5
( K n 109)
OB'bEMHblf ) BEC MATEPHAJIOB
No no
nop HaHMeHOBaHHe MaTepnajioB OfoeMHbift Bee B m / M*
1 Ciajib 7 , 85
2 RyryH 7 , 20
3 CBHHeu 11 , 40
4 AJIlOMHHHfi 2 , 70
5 EeTOH BuSpHpoBaHHUH Ha rpaBHH HJIH me6He H3
npIipOflHOro K 3MHH 2 , 40
6 )KeJie 3o6eTOH MapKH He Bbiine 400 npn KO3( )( )HAH J1
eHTe apMHpOBaHHH 40 0, 03 2 , 50
7 KJiaAKa H 3 TecaHbix HJIH rpyOooKOJioTbix KaMHeii
rpaHHTa 2 70
necqaHHKa 2 , 40
H 3BeCTHHK 3 2,0
8 KJiaAKa OyTOBan n 6 yTo6eTOHHaa
Ha H 3BeCTKOBOM K3MHe 2,0
Ha necnaHHKax H KBapUHTax 2, 2
Ha rpaHHTe H CasajibTe 2, 4
9 KJiaAKa KHpnHHHan 1,8
10 MacTHKa ac(J)ajibTOBaH 1,6
11 Ac<J)ajibTo6eTOH
necHaHbiii 2,0
CpeAHe 3epHHCTUH 2, 3
12 BajuiacT meOeHoqHbiH 1 ,7
13 To jne c qacTHMH BepxHero CTpoeHiiH nyra 2, 0
14 CocHa , ejib, Ke p
nponHTaHHbie^ 0, 7
HenponHTaHHbie 0,6
15 JXy6 H jiHCTBeHHHua
nponHTaHHbie 0, 9
HenponHTaHHbie 0,8
247
npHMeiiaHHH -
3aKJienoMHbix ro noBOK H cBapHbix HIBOB
1 Bee pa 3-
peuiaeTca npHHHMaTb ( B npoueHTax OT Beca npoKaTHoro MeTajuia )
3aKJienoiiHbie
K 0 HCTpyK 4 HH TOJIOBKH CBapHbie iiiBbi
KJienaHan ] 3,0
KênaHO-CBapHaa 1 ,5 1 ,5
CBapHas 2,0
2 npH MapKe 6eTOHa cBbime 400 HJIH npnroTOBJieHHH ero ueHTpH yrn
pOBaHHbiM cnocoOoM HJIH Kos
dbrTb
^ ^ ^
weHTe
no cmiTan
apMHpoaaH Ha Oojiee 0 ,03 oS beMHbw '
^
Bee cneitHajibHO
^ npuAootceHue 6
( K n 110 H rji III )
HOPMATHBHblE BEJIHHHHbl nOTEPb nPEflBAPHTEJIbHOrO

HAIIPJDKEHHJI
1 npH Ha3HaêHHH BejiHHHHH KOHTpoJiHpyeMoro npe BapHTeJibHoro
HanpHH<eHH5i apMaTypbi aHK , npHAaBaeMoro en B MOMeHT HaT5DKeHHH ,
^
ROJiTKHbi 6 biTb yqTeHbr nOTepn nanpsiTKemH B cooTBercrsuH c HBCTOHUIUM
npHJIOJKGHHeM 3a CHeT AeHCTBHH CJieAyK)UJ,HX (f )aKTOpOB
yca xa 6eTOHa al
^
,noJi 3yMecTb 6eTOHa a2
PejiaKcauna HanpameHHH cTajiH
*3
opMaTHBHocTb aHKepHbix 3aKpen eHHH H 6eTOHa noA aHKep -
fle
^
TPEHNE apMaTypbi o CTCHKH KaHajia
^
HbiMH 3aKpenjieHHaMH , a TaKace o6 maTHe UIBOB a4
a5
TeMnepaTypHbiH nepenaA Meac y apMarypoii H CTCHAOM npH
nponapHBaHHH H nporpeBe 6eTOHa ^ a8
npHJiojKeHHeM , BejiHHHHbi no-

B OTAeJibHbix cjiyqanx , He oxBaneHHbix
Tept npeAsapHTejibHbix HanpnxceHHH AOJDKHBI npHHHMaTbcn Ha ocHOBe
OIIHTHbIX A3HHbIX
npHMeaaHHa 1 OnpeAejieHHe noiepb npe eapHTeJibHoro Hanpa -
npOH 3BO HTca no HopMaxuBHOMy 3naueHHio ycnjiafi B apMaType
^
jKeHHa
^
2 npH npoH3BOACTBe pac ^ eTOB BpeMH npoaBêHHa noxepb npHHHMaeTca
corjiacHO yKa 3aHHHM pa 3AeJia III B OTAeJibHbix cjiyuaax B KOHCTpyKUHax
c HaiameHHeM apMaTypbi Ha 6eTOH npH cooTBeTCTBytomefi TexHojiorHH H 3ro
TOBjieHHH H MOHTaa< a AcmycKaeTca npHHHMaTb , qro noTepn s3, BbisbrBaeMbie
peJiaKcaunefl Hanpa >KeHHH CTajiH , npoHBJiaioTCH B MOMCHT o6 acaTHa SeTOHa
3 npOMe )KyTOHHbie 3HaHeHHH noTepb Hanpa >KeHHH npHHHMaioTca B CO -
OTBeTcTBHH c n 6 HacToamero npHJioa^ eHHa
2 KoHeHHaa BeJiH^HHa noTepb npeABapHTejibHoro HanpaJKeHHH

apMaTypbi, Bbi3 biBaeMbix ycaAKoft deTOHa , npHHHMaeTCH paBHOH
а) B KOHCTpyKUHHX c HaTHXceHHeM apMaTypbi Ha ynopbi
01 = 400 KB / CM 2 ,
б) B KOHCTpyKUHHX C HaTHJKGHHeM apMaTypbi Ha 6eTOH

ax = 300 KB / CM 2.
248
ripHMeqaHHH 1 -
B KOHCTP / KUHHX , no/iBepraeMbix c ue;ibK) ycno
peHUH TBep eHHH 6eTOHa
^
HanpameHHH 3a
nponapnoaHHio IUIH nporpeBy , noTepn npeABapn
cweT yca KH BO Bcex cjiyqaax cjieAyeT npHHHMaTb
-
—
TejibHoro
^
ax 400 KZ / CM*
2 fljis KOHCTpyKUHH MOCTOB , npeAHa 3HaqeHHbix K SKcnJiyaTauHH B cy
XOM H »capKOM KJiHMaie ( B pafioHax CpeAHefi A 3HH ) , noiepH OT yca KH
-
6eTOHa AOJIJKHM yBeJiHHH BaTbCH na 30% ^
3 KoHewafl BeJiHHHHa noTepb HanpJUKeHHH B HanpHraeMoft ap
MaType, Bbi3biBaeMbix nojisynecTbio deTOHa , npn pacneTe CTaTHHecKH
-
onpe e HMbix KOHCTPYKUHH npHHHMaeTCH paBHOH
^^
a ) B KOHCTpyKUHBX c HaTHJKeHHeM apMaiypbi Ha ynopbi
a2 = 1,1 CT6 EHR

E 6 R*
rge o6
—
HanpHJKeHne c >KaTH 3 B 6eTOHe paccmiTHBaeMoro ceqeHHH
Ha ypoBHe ueHTpa THHcecTH paccMaTpHBaeMOH apMaTypbi
OT CH I npe BapHTejibHoro HanpjPKeHHH (c yqeTOM noTepb
^ ^
HanpHJKeHHH a3, o 4, a 5 H a 6) u nocTOHHHofi Harpy3KH , Aefi -
cTBytomefl B MOMeHT OTnycxa HaTHJKeHHH apMaTypbi,
—
Z?4* KydHKOBan npoHHocTb deTOHa K MOMeHTy odxcaTHH deTOHa ,
EH —
R H Zr 6
—
MOAyjib ynpyrocTH HanpnraeMOH apMaTypbi ,
npoeKTHaa Mapxa H MOAyjib ynpyrocra deTOHa ,
d) B KOHCTpyKUHHX c HaTHKeHHeM apMatypn Ha deTOH
E ,R
o2 ~ o6 '
E 6 R*
vj& o6
— Haiipfl >KeHHe OKHTHH B deTOHe paccqjrrbiBaeMoro ce eHHH
Ha ypoBHe ueHTpa THHtecTH paccMaTpnBaeMOH apMaTypbi
OT CHJI npeABapHTejibHoro HanpHJKeHHH (c yneTOM noTepb
^
HanpHJKeHHH 0 ,5 o3, a 4 , a 6) H HOCTOHHHOH Harpy3KH nocjie
OKOHqaHHH HaTHJKeHHH apMaTypbi
npHMeqaHHH Bcex KOHCTpyKUHHx , noABepraeMhix c uejibio

I Bo
ycKopeHHH TBepAeHHH nponapHBaamo HJIH nporpeBy , BejinuHHy no
GeTOHa
Tepb npe BapHTejibHoro HanpHHvenHH B apMaType 3a caeT noji 3ynecTH 6e
^ -
TOHa GJie yeT npHHHMaTb Kai< RJW KoiiorpyKUHfl c HaTsuKeHHeM aoMaTypbi
Ha ynopbi ^
2 B KOHCTpyKUHHx c HaTHHceHHeM apMaTypbi Ha deTOH BejiHHHHbi noTepb
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.
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^ -
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^^
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deTOHa He y ^ HTbiBaioT
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noTepb HanpHx< eHHfl OT noji 3 ynecTH deTOHa npHHHMaiOT c KoadxbHuneHTOM
0,80
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deTOHe 3a cueT noji3ynecTH deTOHa pa3peinaeTCH He ymiTbiBaTb npa Ha -
npnjKeHHHX B deTone, He npeBbiuiaxomux 0 , 1 R 6
249
5 rioTepH npeflBapHTejibHoro HanpjDKeHHH 3a cueT pejiaKcauHH
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KoHeqHan BejiH HHa notepb npHHHMaetCH paBHOH
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6 npoMex^ yTO^ Hbie 3HaueHHH noiepb Hanpn >KeHHH B apMaType,
Bbi3biBaeMbix yca KOH H
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HJIH KaHaTax c
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K H3 1 M
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0,4 0 , 330 1.9 0 , 850
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0 ,6 0 , 451 2,1 0 , 877
0,7 0 , 503 2, 2 0 , 889
0 ,8 0 , 551 2,3 0 , 900
0, 9 0 , 593 2, 4 0 , 909
1.0 0, 632 2, 5 0, 918
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1.2 0, 699 2,7 0 , 933
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1.4 0 , 754 2, 9 0 , 945
Finn
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He y HHTbIBaiOTCH ^ ^
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^
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AOJIXHBI 6biTb ynTeHbi B pa3Mepe ^
r #e —
a 6 = 20 ( tl
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BpeMH HaTH KeHHH apMaTypbl ,
^
—
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napHBaHHH HJIH nporpeBe
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30°
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252
npuAoofcenue 7
( K n 111 )
HOPMATHBHOE r0PH 30 HTAJIbH0 E flABJlEHHE HA OnOPbl
MOCTOB OT COBCTBEHHOrO BECA rPYHTA
1 PaBHo eHCTByiomyio HopMaTHBHoro ropH30 HTaJibHoro jjaBjieHHH
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rpyHTa HHJKe ero eciecTBeHHOH noBepXHOCTH npn rjiydHHe 3ajio>KeHHH
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^
no (JiopMyjie ^ ^
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2
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^ ^
B nJiocKocTH 3aAHHx rpaHeft , Ha KOTopyio pacnpe ejineTCH
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npuflootcenue 8
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1 onpeAeAeHHH HOpMaTHBHoro BepTHKajibHoro ABBACHKH Ha
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254
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r — cpeAHHH pa nyc Kpyrvioro 3BeHa B M ,
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255
npuAootceme 9
( K n 116 )
HOPMATHBHAfl BPEMEHHAJ1 BEPTHKAJIbHAfl HArPYSKA
OT nOABH )KHOrO COCTABA H I1PABHJIA 3ArPy)KEHMSI
BJimum jiHHHfi
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,
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m a paBHO ^
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Ta6 JI H ua 1
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X
K - 1 K — H
npn a -= 0 npH #* 0 5 tlptf # « 0 npH # =» 0 5
1 5, 000 5, 000 70 , 00 70 , 00
1 ,5 3, 992 3, 493 55 * 89 48,90
2 3 ,115 2 , 726 43, 61 38, 16
3 2 , 464 2 156 34 , 60 30 , 18
4 2 , 212 1 , 936 30 , 97 27.10
5 2 , 077 1 , 817 29 , 08 25.44
6 1 , 988 1 , 740 27 83 24 , 35
7 1 , 921 1 , 681 26 ,89 23, 53
8 1 , 868 1 , 634 26.15 22 , 88
9 1 , 822 1 594 25, 51 22 32
10 1 , 781 1 , 553 24 , 93 21 , 82
12 1 , 711 1 , 497 23 ‘,95 20.96
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c paccTOHHHe OT ueHTpa THXtecTH njioiuaAH npHAOKeHHH
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7 5 , 29 2 , 71 5 , 81 2 , 95 6 , 07 3, 14
8 4 , 80 2 , 38 5 , 20 2 , 67 5, 47 2 , 81
9 4 , 39 2 , 27 4 , 70 2 , 43 5 , 07 2 , 65
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12 3 , 47 1 , 94 3 , 80 1 , 99 4 , 10 2 , 31
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20 2 , 45 1 , 48 2 , 57 1 , 57 2 , 87 1 , 67
22 2 , 27 1 , 41 2 , 37 1 , 49 2 , 82 1 , 62
24 2 , 13 1 , 35 2 , 22 1 , 44 2 , 75 1 , 57
26 2 , 03 1 , 33 2 , 16 1 , 38 2 , 67 1 , 51
28 1 , 93 1 , 30 2, 13 1 , 34 2 , 60 1 , 45
30 1 , 84 1 , 26 2 , 09 1 , 32 2 , 54 1 , 41
32 1 , 76 1 , 23 2 , 06 1 , 29 2 , 46 1 , 37
36 1 , 76 1 , 19 1 , 98 1, 22 2 , 37 1 , 32
40 1 , 76 1 , 15 1 , 90 1 , 16 2 , 29 1 , 27
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60 1 , 76 1 , 05 1 , 75 1 , 05 2 , 08 1 , 13
70 1 , 74 1 , 01 1 , 74 1 , 02 2 , 02 1 , 08
80 1 , 74 0 , 99 1 , 74 1 , 00 2 , 00 1 , 05
90 1 , 74 0 , 97 1 , 74 0 , 97 1 , 97 1 , 03
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120 1 , 72 1 , 72 1 , 90
140 1 ,70 1 , 71 1 , 86
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7 15 , 02 16 , 97 11 , 02 26 5 , 58 5 , 73 4 , 17
8 14 , 00 15.50 10 , 31 28 5 , 22 5, 33 3 , 90
9 13,04 14 , 22 9 , 63 30 4 , 91 5, 01 3, 67
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12 10 , 67 11 , 33 7 , 92 40 3 , 76 3 , 82 2 , 81
13 10 , 03 10 , 60 7 , 45 50 3 , 05 3, 08 2 , 28
14 9 , 47 9 , 95 7 , 04 60 2 , 56 2 , 59 1 , 92
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18 7, 70 8 , 00 5, 74
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26 2,3 1,8 2, 3 2, 6 2, 8
28 2 ,3 1,8 2, 1 2,5 2,8
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32 1 ,3 1,4 1 ,2 1 ,3 1,4
36 1, 2 1 ,3 1,1 1.2 1,4
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48 1,2 1,1 1 ,1 1 ,1 1,2
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26 4 ,8 3, 6 6 ,3 7, 2 6, 5 4, 7 5, 5
28 4, 5 3, 3 5, 9 6,8 6, 1 4, 4 5,0
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273
n p H M e q a H H f l 1 ECJIH Ha ycToe pacno^ o >KeHO HecKOJibKo nyTeft
TO o6 mee aaBJieHHe Ha Hero OT BpeMeHHOH Harpy 3KH onpe eJineTCH KSK
cv'MMa ztaBJieHHH , nojiytieHHbix no cJiopMyne ( 2) /inn Ka >K oro H 3 nyTeft B ^
OT/iejibHocTH np« cooTBexcTByiomHx 3HaiieHH 5ix bt blt' Hf Hu H i
^
2 BeJiiimiHaM H cooTBeicTByiOT 3 naqenn 5i a H 5,
BertHUHHaM Hi COOTBGTCTByKJT SIia 'ieHHH at H
BeJIHHIIHaM H
^
COOTBetCTByiOT 3HaiieHHH a
OT aBTOMoSwjibHbix, KOJiecnofi H rycenwqHOH

^
H
^ Harpy 30K
IXaBJieHHe OT nOABH ^KHOH BepTHKa HbHOH

Harpy3KH Ha npH3Me 06 -
Pi meHHH npHHHMaeTCH pacnpeAeJiCHHHM B 3aBHCHMoc OT pacnoio -
>KeHHH CTeHKH
1 B cjiyqae pacno TOHCCHHH CTeHKH nepncHAHKyjinpHo K nanpaB -
jitHHio AaBJienne OT Ka >KAOH OCH aBTOMo 6 iiJiH , a raK >Ke
OT ManiHH 11 a KojiecnoM H ryceHHHHOM xoAy paonpeAeJineTCH Ha
momaAb pa 3MepoM Sb ,
r e S
^ — paCCTOHHHe Me>KAy BHeUIHHMH rpaHHMH CKaTOB CM&KHUX
aBTOMofiHJiefl, nojioc ryceHimbi HJIH O6OAOB KOJiec Harpy3 -
KH HK -80 ,
b — AJWHa conpHKacaHHH cxaTa 3BTOMO6HJIH HJIH JXJIHHQ npH 3Mbi
oSpymeHHH npn pacqeTe Ha Harpy3KH HK 80 H Hr-60 , HO
HE 6oJiee 3,6 M AAH KOJiecHOH Harpy3KH H 5, 0 M RJIH
-
ryceHHqnoH Harpy3KH c yneTOM BO Bcex cjiyqaax pacnpe
AejieHHH qepe3 A po >KHoe noKpbiTHe noA yrjioM 45°
-
ECJIH cocpeAOToqeHnoe
°
A ^ BJICHHC pacnpeAejmeTca B CTOPOHH BAOjib
paCCHHTblBaeMOH CTeHKH , TO OHO yqHTbIBaeTCH C K03( j)( j)HUHeHT0M a ,
npHHHMaeMHM no Ta6 n 2
T a 6 JI HU a 2
K 03$ 4) H 4 HeHT a
S/H S /H
0, 10 0 , 327 0 , 60 0 , 681
0 , 12 0 , 360 0 , 70 0 , 710
0 , 14 0 , 389 0 , 80 0 , 735
0 , 16 0 , 414 0, 90 0, 754
0 , 18 0 , 437 1 , 00 0 , 722
0 , 20 0, 459 1 20 0 , 810
0 , 25 0 , ^05 1 , 50 0 , 840
0 , 30 0 , 654 2 , 00 0, 875
0 , 35 0 , 576 3 , 00 0 ,900
0 , 10 0 , 6^2 4 , 00 0 , 920
0, 50 0 , 663 6ojiee 4 , 00 1 , 000
3ae cb H
— BbicoTa CT6HKH
yCTOHX C o6paTHbIMH CTeHKaMH HJIH KpbIJIbHMH , pacnoJio >KeHHbiMH

B
napajuiejibHo OCH MocTa , K03t}x])HUHeHTa we yqnTbiBaeTCH ECJIII HMeeTca
nepexoAHan nJiHTa OT Hacbinw Ha ycrow , TO pa 3 Mep njiomaAKH npn-
274
HHMaeTCfl paBHbiM uiHpHHe onHpaHHs? njiHTM Ha rpyHT H AaBjieHHe CHH
TaeTCR npnjioH< eHHbiM B ueHTpe onnpaHHH ruiHTbi
-
2 B cjiyqae pacnojio>KeHH 5i CTCHKH napajuiejibHO ABHJKCHHIO AaB
jieHHe pacnpeAejineTcn Ha ruiomaAb ,
paBHyio ad ,
-
re a
^ — BbicoTa CTCHKH , npiiHHMaeMan He 6ojiee 4 M AJIH aBTO
Mo6 HJlbHOH Harpy 3KH HJIH 3, 6 H 5, 0 M COOTBeTCTBeHHO
-
fljiH KOJiecHoft H ryceHHHHofi Harpy30K , HO He 6ojiee AJIH Hbi
paccHHTbiBaeMoro yqacTKa CTCHKH ,
d
— niHpHHa cKaia aBTOMoOnjin , O6OAB KOjieca HJIH nojiocu ryce
HHUbi c yqeroM pacnpeAeJieHHH qepe3 Aopo >KHOe noKpbiTHe
-
noA yrjiOM 45°
n p H M e q a H H e PacqeTHoe AaBjieHHe Ha CTCHKH C npoeMaMH, a TaKJKe
Ha CBafiHHe H cToemibie GeperoBbie onopbi onpeAeJineTCH c yqeTOM yKa3amin
n 1 >
npHJio KeHHH 7,
npuAOMeme 12
(K n 130)
HOPMATHBHAJ! JIEAOBA 5I HArPY3 KA

1 npH onop MOCTOB, KOTopbie MoryT noABepraTbCH
npoeKTHpOBaHHH
B03AeHCTBHK) JieAOXOAB, a TaKHCe npH np0 eKTHp 0 B3HHH OTAeJIbHOCTOH
mHX JieAOpe30 B AOJDKHa yHHTblBaTbCfl B COOTBeTCTBHH C
-
TeXHHHeCKHMH
ycjioBHHMH onpeAeJieHHH jieAOBbix Harpy30 K Ha perabie coopyxceHHfl
(CH 76-59) jieAOBaa Harpy3Ka OT ABBJICHHH jibAa ( npH yAape CBOSOAHO
nJiaBaioiuHx # bAHH )
flHHaMHqecKoe AaBjieHHe JibAa Ha onopy B HanpaBjieHHH BAOJib ee
OCH onpeAeJiaeTCH B 33BHCHMOCTH OT yrjia HaKJioHa nepeAHefl rpaHH
onopbi K BepTHKajiH
ripH HanpaBjieHHH ABH CHHH jibAHH noA yrjiOM K OCH onopbi Heo6
^
XOAHMO , KpoMe Toro , yqHTbiBaTb AHHaMHHecKoe AaBjieHHe Ha SoKOByio
-
rpaHb onopbi OT yAapa OTAeJibHo nJibiBymjHX JibAHH
B HeofixoAHMbix cjiyqaax yqHTbiBaiOTCfl B COOTBeTCTBHH c CH 76 59 -
H Apyrne BHABI jieAOBbix Harpy30 K H BO3ACHCTBHH cTHTHHecKoeAaBjie
HHe CBOSOAHO njiaBaiomero JICAHHOTO nojin npn ero HaBajie noA BJIHH
--
HHeM BeTpa HJIH TeqeHHH , AaBjieHHe 3aT0 pHbix Macc JibAa , AaBjieHHe
jieAHHoro noKpoBa npn ero TepMHHecKOM pacmnpeHHH (B 33MKHyTOM
npocTpaHCTBe) , B03AeHCTBHe npHMep3inero K CB3HM HJIH CBaftHbiM xy
CTaM JieAHHoro noxpoBa npn KOJieSaHHH ypoBHH BOAH , HCTHpaiomee
-
B03AeHCTBHe JibAHH Ha TOHKOCTeHHbie SJieMeHTbl KOHCTpyKUHH onop H
CB3H
JXJIH SojibinHx MOCTOB B cJiojKHbix jieAOBbix ycjioBHHX jieAOBbie
Harpy 3 KH , onpeAeJieHHbie corjiacHO HacTonmeMy npHjioxceHHio, pexo
MeHAyeTCH yTOqHHTb Ha OCHOBe B03M0>KH0 6oJiee AJWTeJIbHbIX HaTypHbIX
-
Ha6 jIK)AeHHH
JleAOBbie Harpy3 KH He yqHTbiBaiOTCH , ecjin B npoeKTe npeAycMOTpe -
HU a eKTHBHbie Mepbi 3am,HTbi onopbi OT JieAOBbix BOSACHCTBHH
^ 275
2 3 naqeHHH
npeaejioB npouHOCTH JibAa jxnn peK , BCKpbiBaiomHXcH
npH OTpHuaTeJibHbix TeMnepaxypax B03Ayxa , pen , pacnojiomen
Hbix ceeepHee JZHHHH , coeAHHHiomeH ropoAa IleTpcmBOACK , KnpoB,
-
FleTponaBJioBCK , HoBOCiiSHpCk , y ^ dH - J/Aa , E) Hpo6 HA >KaH , MaraAaH ,
AOJiHCHbi npHHHMaTbcH yBeJiHHeHHbiMH B Asa pa3a npOTHB yKa3aHHbix
B HaCTOHUieM npHJlOJKCHHH
3 XlaBjieHHeAbAa H B tu Ha onopy c BepTHKajibHbiMH rpaHHMH (B Ha
npaBJieHHH BAOjib ee OCH ) onpeAeJineTCH no <})opMyjie
-
H = mRp bht (1)
rAe h
— TOJimnHa JibAa B M , npHHHMaeMaa paBHoft HaH 6ojibiueH
3a 3HMHHH nepwoA TojiumHbi 1 % - HOH ogecneqeHHocTH ( npn
OrcyrCTBHH HafiJIIOACHHH 3a AOCTaTOHHblH pHA JI T h npHHH
0, 8
^ -
MaeTCH paBHOH HanboJibineH TojimHHe JibAa , yeraHOBJieHHOH
npn H 3biCKaHHHx )(
m
b
—— innpHHa onopbi B I Ha ypOBHe JieAoxoAa ,
K 09|(
xt f
)HUHeHT ( )OpMbI OnOpbl , npHHHMaeMblH B 33BHCHM 0CTH
OT oqepiaHHH ee nepeAHefi CTCHKH B njiaHe

а ) npn nojiynHpKyjibHOM oqepTaHHH 0,9,
—
б) npn TpeyrojibHofl cjxjpMe B 33 BHCHMOCTH OT yrjia 2a 3a -
HOCOBOH qacin
—
ocTpeHHH He3aBHCHMO OT BeJmqHHbi paAnyca saKpyrjieHHH
no Ta 6 ji 1 ,
Ta 6 jiHua 1
e
2a 4 0° 60 7 5° 90 ® 120
m 0 , 60 0 , 65 0 , 69 0 , 73 0, 81
Rp —
HopMaTHBHbin npeAeJi npoqnocTH qncToro JibAa (6e3 nocTOpoH
HHX BKjnoqeHHH ) npn pa 3Apo6JieHHH c yqeTOM HBJICHHH MecTHoro CMH
THJl , npHHHMaeMblH paBHbIM ( npH OTCyTCTBHH SKCnepHMeHTaJIbHbIX
--
AaHHblx)
B HaqaAbHoft craAHH JieAoxoAa ( npn nepBoft noABHxuce)
npH HaHBbicmeM ypoBHe JieAoxoAa 45 mlm* — 75 mlM
4 HaBjieHHe JibAa Ha onopy c HaKJioHHbiM jieAope30M yqHTHBaeT*
—
ca B BHAe
a) BepTHKajibHofi cocTaBjiatomeft V B m, onpeAejiaeMofi no < j)opMyjie
V= RH h\ (2)
6) ropH30HTaji«HOfl cocTaBjiniomeH H B m onpeAeJineMofi no
9
J
( }OpMyjie
H = Rah? tg p, (3)
rAe P
RH —— yroji HaKJioHa pe >Kymero pe6 pa K ropH 30HTy,
npe eJi npoHHOCTH Jibfla npn H 3rn 6e B m/ M 2, npHHHMaeMbifi
^
paBHHM 0, 7/? p
O p H M e q a H H e npH p > 82° AaBJieHae JibAa onpeAejiaeTCH no (fop *
Myjie ( 1 )
276
5 ZlaBjieHHe // H B m OT y apa ojiHHOHHbix JIB HH Ha tfoKOByio rpam>
onopbi npn HecoBna eHHH HanpaBjieHH? ^
BH /KeHHH jibAHH c ocbfo ^
onpe ^ ^
onopbi
ABHHCegHH
ejineTCH
^JIbAHH
B 33BHCHMOCTH OT BejiHHHHU
K OCH Onopbi
ynia 9 HanpaBjieHHfl
no < j)OpMyJie
-3
HH — cVh 2
Z p, Q + X /za
sin 9, (4)
r&e V — CKOpOCTb £ BH >K.eHHH Jlb HHbl B M / C6 K , TTpHHHMaeMaH flJIH
^
peK H npOTOHHblX BO OeMOB paBHOH CKOpOCTH TCHeHHH ,
&JIH 60JIbUIHX BO OXpaHHJIHm
. ^
^ —
paBHOH CKOpOCTH BeTpOBOrO
HaroHa jib ua, onpeAeJineMoft Ha ocHOBe aHajiH3a THApoMe -
TeopojiorHHecKOft O6 CT3 HOBKH c yneTOM KOHc})HrypauHH BO O
^ -
xpaHHJiHma , HO He Sojiee 0, 6 M / ceK ,
Q — njioma b jib HHbi B M 2, npHHHMaeMaH no
^ ^ aHHbiM nojieBbix
HaSjifo eHHH HJJH no aHajiornH c pyrHMH oS eKTaMH , ^
C, X — ^
K 03( )( )HUHeHTbl , npHHHMaeMbie B 3aBHCHM0CTH OT 3HaHeHHH
JJ
npeaejia nponHOCTH Jib a npn pa 3£po6 jieHHH Rp no Ta6 ji 2,
^ ^
|A
— J
yrjia 9 no Ta6 ji 3
^
K03(})( )HUHeHT, YlpHHHMaeMblH B 3aBHCHM0CTH OT 3HaqeHHH
T a 6 JI H ua 2
yCJIOBHfl
^ p. m/M 8 e X
JJJIH Bcex peK , HaqajibHaa CTa HH Jie oxoaa 50 68 500

KpOMe oroBopeH - ^
Jle oxo Ha HaHBbicineM ypoBHe ^ 30 68 833
Hbix B n 2
pen , yna -
^ ^
HaqajibHasi cTaana .neAoxoaa 100 96
^ Ji 5i
saHHbix B n 2 1 JlejioxoR Ha HaHBbicmeM ypoBHe 60 96
500
833
T a 6 JI H ua 3
yroji HanpaBjieHHH aBimeHHfl JibflHH
9 20° 30° 45°
K03$4>HUHeHT 6 ,7 2 , 25 0,5
^
PacneTHbie 3HaHeHHH HanpHHceHHH B njiocKocTH KOHTaKTa Menc y
jib HHOH H onopofl He 0Ji >KHbi npeBoexo npe ejia nporaocTH Jib^ a
^
Rp no Ta6ji 2
^ ^ HTb
^ ^
npuAoofcenue 13
( K n 132)
YKA3AHHJI no onPEAEJIEHHK) KOJIEBAHHfl TEMriEPATyPbl
RJIH >KEJIE30EETOHHbIX, BETOHHbIX H KAMEHHbIX
KOHCTPyKUHft
KapTbl HHBapCKHX H HIOJlbCKHX H30TepM npKBeAeHbl Ha pHC 1 H 2
HopMaTHBHan cpe HJiH TeMnepaTypa onpejiejiHeicH no pnc 3 B 3SBH
CHMOCTH OT ^
nonepeHHbix pa3MepoB sjieMeHTa
-
277
fo
oo
PHC 2
-
to
«•
tc
0
tsj
Oo
O
a) c 3a6ymKou tteMBnee 1M 6) omKpbimbix c vembipex cmopov 6) jmxpbimoix L ddyx cmopoti

( ndadpamtiozo cevetiuR )
t° * u i i i i 1 1 M i i ii ii i n t°
+30 nT1 i f 'i n tiii +30 +30
'
+20 +20
+ 20
-
f
X* w + 10 , - +w » + w
IEp 5
I -,
53
1
0
5
W
ss
30
CJ
0 §> 0
6p
C3
§W/7
lI s
iff
Hi
-
t»! fi
§ - 10
£
Q
5
-
-20 - 20 £ - 2(7 6 -20
ii Qi Qj
1 -30 -J5
=«£
o
5
£
<0
-30
1
Qj
> r,
g -w g -til
§ -W
- so -.50
-50
- 60 -60
-6008121,6 2,0
, 3J0 M Ofi 1,62,0 3,0 iffl 5,0 M 0,812 W 2,0 30 P,0 5fin
'TDJJW UHQL 3J)BML*HTDB Jojunuxa j /ieMettmoti bMu u/fu s/ ienett /not}
' ^
PHC 3
no pHC 3, a, c OAHOS cTOpOHbi ,
ecviH sjieMeHT OTKpbiT
no pHC 3, 6 , ecjm sjieMeHT OTKpbiT c qerapex eropoH ,
no pHc 3, et ecm BJieMem OTKpbiT c AByx CTOPOH
npuAOotceHue 14
(K n 149)
PACHETHblE K03<J> 4> HUHEHTbI, IIPHHflTblE flflfl
Bbl 4 MCJlEHM 51 PACHETHblX COnPOTHBJIEHHfl BETOHA
H APMATyPbl
npn BbinncAeHHH pacneTHbix conpOTHBjieHHH 6eT0Ha npHHHTH pac-
neTHbie KoacjxfjHUHeHTbi no TaSjinue
PacneTHbie K 034 4> M H ^ HTbI 76 » Pe H a6
^ )
MapKa oerOHa
Ko 94><t> HnneHTbi
200 260 300 400 600 600
K 09fJ)(J) HUHeHT BWHOC 2IHBOCTH fa

"
0, 55 0, 57 0 , 58 0, 6 0 , 63 0, 65
Kos( jx[) HuHeHT pocTa npoqHOCTH 6eTo

«a co BDeMeHeM pg 1,4
- 1,4 1 ,3 1 ,3 1 ,2 1,2
Kos HUHeHT .zvifl onpe eJieHHH rpa -
«6
^
HHUbl 06pa 30 BaHHH ^
MHKpOTpemHH
0, 63 0 , 68 0,7 0, 7
JXJIH npOBOJIOHHOH apMaTypbl npHHHT K05t}x})HUHeHT yCJIOBHfl paSoTbl

m2 = 0,8
JXJIH onpeAeJieHHH npeAeJia BHHOCJIHBOCTH apMaTypHbix craAefi npn
noJiHOM acHMMeTpnnHOM uHKJie npHJio>KeHHH Harpy3 KH (p = 0) npHHHTH
CJieAyioiUHe K03tjxf ) HUHeHTbi BbiHOCAHBOCTH no OTHoineHHio K npeAeJiy
npOHHOCTH CTaJIH aB
AJIH cTa in MapKH
^ BCT 3 £T = 0, 5 (aB == 4 200 ml CM 2),
AJIH CTajiH Map B CT 5 = 0, 4 (oB = 5 600 m/ CM %
AJin CTa iH MapKH
^ 25r 2C = 0 , 45 (oB = 6 000 ml CM 2)
fl puAoofcenue 15
( K n 201 )
XAPAKTEPHCTHKH MEPbl nOJI3yHECTM TJOKEJIOrO
BETOHA
1 PacneTHan BejiHHHHa Mepw noA3yqecTH T7 / == 00 onpeAejineTcn
KaK npoH3BeAeHHe HCXOAHOA BeJinqHHbi %ôo Ha Koot} ) HUHeHTbi g 1xf (
?2 »
^3»
2 JTAH onpeAeAeHHH Mepbi no;i 3yqecTH THHtejioro oeTOHa , TBep-
6 e3 ycKopHTejieH , HCXOAHBH ee BeAHqHHa rp oo B 33 BHCH -
Aeiomero ^
MOCTH OT B03pacTa 3arpy >KeHHH fieiona ycTaHaBjiHBaeTCH no ra 6 j\ 1
JXJIN 6eTOHOB, noABeprHyTbix TepMOBJia >KHoci HOH o6 pa 6oTKe ( npo-
napHBaHHK) HAH nporpeBy), HCxoAHaa BeJUmHa Mepbi noji3yqecTn
281
Tjc xf
oo yMHO >KaeTCH Ha K 03({ BeJIH
) HUHeHT
4
(}) )HUHeHTa
£
^ ^ HHa K 03
npHHHMaeTCH paBHofi 0 ,8, ec;iH nponHocTb 6erona nocJie npona
n
-
pHBaHHH 6 ojibme 0 ,7 Rt H = 1,0, ecjin nponHocTb OeTOHa MeHbine
0,5/? JXnn npoMe >KyroqHbix 3HaneHHH npoqHocxn 6eTOHa noc /ie npo-
napHBaHHH BejiHHHHa K 03tfx})HmieHTa £ n 6epexcn no iiHTepnojimiHH
3 Hcxo Han BejinnuHa Mepbi noji 3 yqecTH r\t ^ oo 6eTOHa , TBep -
^
Aeiomero c ycxopHxejiHMH TBep eHHH , npumiMaeTcn no Ta 6;i 2
^
OTHocHTejibHan npoqHocTb 6 eTOHa onpe e rcneTCH no oTHomeHHfo
K OHcw aeMOH KOHenHon ero npoqHocTH nocxe oKonnaHHH B03 efl ^ -
CTBHH ^ycKopHTeJiefi ^
T a 6 JI H u a 1
Mepa nojiayHecTH
AKTHB’IOtTb
CexoHa Cc 3 ycKcpHTejiefi
OopTJiabA aCMCHTfl
TBepaenHH
BvjipacT 3arpy \
^ = QO 106
eHH H B AHHX
C M /
2 KZ
7 14 28 60 90 H 6o;iee
Menee 500 13 , 0 10 , 8 8,8 7, 3 6, 5

500 H 6oJiee 8,5 7, 1 5, 9 4,8 4,3
T a 6 ;i H u a 2
Mepa noJuyqecTfi SeTOHa c ycKopHTejjjjMH TBepacHHH 106 C M* / K Z
OTHOCHTejibHaa npo 'iHOcTb fteTona B %
B aejb 3arpy ei HH 50 6C 70 80 90 95
*
% =0O 10 , 3 9,3 8, 3 5,9 4,8 3,6
4 npHBejieHHbieB Ta 6 ji 1 H 2 3HaqeHHH HCXOAHOH BejiHHHHbi r) / 00

=
OTHOCHTCH K a/ieMeHTy ceqeHiieM 10 X \0 cMt Bbrno HeHHOMy H3 6eTOHa
c co£ep >KaHHeM ueMeHTHoro TecTa 20 % no Becy npn BOAO ueMeHTHOM
^ -
OTHOineHHH B / U, 0 , 5 H JlJlfl yCJIOBHH OTHOCHTeJIbHOH BJia >KHOCTH B03
= -
Ayxa
— 70 %
B Ta6;i 3 ABHbi nonpaBonhbie Kos
^
HuneHTbi K HCXOAHOH BejiHHHHe
l , CO epHCaHHH Ite
T] t — co B 3 aBHCHMOCTH OT t aKTHHeCKOTO 3 HaneHHH B /\ -
^
MeHTHoro TecTa , pa3MepoB ronepeqHoro ceqenHH 3jieMeHTa H Bjia >K
HOCTH B03£ yxa B paHOHe CTpOHTeJIbCTBa COOpy KeHHH
^ -
5 B KanecxBe pacneTHoro pa3Mepa nonepenHoro ceneHHH cjie yeT
^
npHHHMaTb B njimax TOJiiunHy , B SajiKax —
HaHMeHbinyio H3 TOJIIUHH
^
CTEHKIL HJIH BbICOTbl nOJIKH
JXJIK 6exonaecxecxcenHoro TBepAeHHH , noKpbixoro co Bcex cxopoH
niApoH30JiHUHen , HC3aBHCiiM0 OT pa3Mepa nonepeqnoro ceqeHHH Aony -
cKaeTcn npHHHMaTb £ 3 = 0 ,6
6 SHaneHHH ponpaBoqnoro xo3( jx})HUHeHTa Bue 3aBHCHMOCTH OT
BJ13 >KH0CTH B03,ny \ a npHHHMaiOTCH paBHbIMH £ 4 = I ,0 THnOBbIX
npoJiexHbix cxpoemiH , sjieMenTOB, nokpbirbix co Bcex CTopoH rHApo -
H 30JinuHeH , H MaccHBHbix KOHCTpyKUHH ( npn HaHMCHbmeM pa 3Mepe no -
nepenHoro ceqeHHH CoJiee 100 CM )
282
T a <5 JI H ua 3
IIonpaBOMHbie E Mepbi noJi3VHeci n
<J> aKTHqecivoe 3HaneHHe

Koa
^
B /\
l
HiuieH ru K eejiHMHHe
0 , 35 0 , 40 0 , 50 0 , 60 0 , 70
Si 0 , 52 0 , b5 1 , 00 1 , 47 2 , 00
OaKTHMecKoe coAepavaHiie ueMCHTHoro

Tecia B % no eecy 10 15 20 25 30
?2 0 , 5 0 , 75 1 ,0 1 , 25 1,5
03KTH lieCKHH HaHMCHbiliHU pa 3Mep 50 H

ceqeHHa B CM 10 15 20 25 30 6o;iee
S3 1 , 0 0 , 85 0 , 75 0 , 70 0 , 65 0 , 60
OaKTH êcnafl oTHOCHTejibH an Bjia

* 75 H
HOCTb BOSayxa B 01
/0 20 30 55 70 6oJiee
54 2, 1 1 ,8 1 ,4 1 ,0 0,7
7 3HaHeHHH BjiaJKHOcrn B03 yxa & j\n pa3Hbix KjiHMaTHnecKHx

^
pafioHOB CCCP npn oxcyTCTBHH MeTeopoJiorHnecKHX aHHbix aony -
CKaeTCH npHHHMaTb no Ta £> JI 4 ^
T a 6 A HU a 4
CpeAHHH OTHOCHTejibHaa Bjiaai
HOCTb B % B nepHOfl
KJiHMaTiiHccrHfl pafioH
anpejib
OKTaSpb
Hoa6p b
— wapT
lO /KHan paBHHHHaa qacTb ycTofninBo cyxnx pafio

HOB Cpe HeH A HH
^ 30 65
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T 3 KA< c cyxne H ycTOiHHBO cyxne panoHbi UeHT
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70
80
85
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^
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283
npUAOOfcenue 16
( K n 385)
< > > EKTHBH bIX K 03<J> <t> MUHEHT0 B
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—
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K 3MH HJIH 60JITa \IH OAHOCTeHHaTbiX 3 leMeH
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^
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n 400 )
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( x n 423)
YKA3AHHH no PACMETY MECTHOfil YCTOfiMHBOCTH CTEHOK

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-
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290
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a 2
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h 3 >
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291
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OG 1 , 00 1 , 09 1 , 30 1 , 55 1 , 68
7 MecTHoe catHMaiomee hpHTHnecKoe nanpnmeum B CTeHKe 6 a j\m
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CB3 H 1 ,0 M 0, Q 0 ,7 0, 6
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KOJIOAUbI OdOJIOHKH 0, 9 0,7 0, 6 0,5
80
F — xiJiouxBJXb onnpaHHH cBan
MeHTa onycKHofl CHCTCMM ,
HJIH noAoniBbi (fjyHfla -
R" — npeAe ibHoe conpOTHBjieHHe HecKajibHoro rpyHTO
^
Boro 0CH0 B3HHH B nJIOCKOCTH OCTpHH CB3H HJIH
-
J^
nojjoiiiBbi ( yH aMeHTa onycKHOH cncTeMbi, onpe
^
AejineMoe B cooTBeTCTBHH c n 2
-
ripn norpyjKeHHHX cBafi BHSpauneH BeJinqHHa conpoTHBjieHHH
ocTpHH FRa yMHOHcaeTCH Ha cooTBeTCTByiomee 3 HaqeHHe
T a 6 JJ n u a 4
Ilpe
^ eJibHoe conpOTHBjieHHe rpyHta ocHoeaHHH RH B mjM2
riecKH H cynecu I paeeJiH Kpyn ribi ^ eBa

CpeAHHe Me KHe
( peAHetf ruiOTHOCTH 1 CTbie Hbie ^ Tbie
CyrJIHHKH H TJlHHbl
npH K 0 ^4 ) ( jjH [; H e H T e 0 0 0 I 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5
KOHCHcTeHLIHH B
4 820 530 380 280 180 120

a*
eo 5 880 560 400 300 190 130
£
03 7 950 600 430 320 210 140
co
u
s
10 1 050 680 490 350 240 150
SsS
CQ
5
15 1 170 750 560 400 280 160
K>
03
m 20 1 260 820 620 450 310 170
03
s 25 1 340 880 680 500 340 180
s
30 I 420 940 740 550 370 190
u
35 1 500 1 000 800 600 400 200
1 npH moTHbix necKax H cynecax 3HaqeHHH RH yBejinmiBaiOTCfl wa 30 %

TaOjiHUa 5
KoatJjcpHUiieHT K conporHBJieHHto RH AJIH KaMy|
< ) jieTHbix ceafi
BHA rpyHTa B HAOCKOCTH OCTPHH ( noAouiBbi ) CBQH
OTHOiueHHe AHaMeipa KaMy

4
> j]e T H o r o \ UIHPCHHH K A 1 2 * cynecH
c y r j i H H KH rjiHHbi
MeTpy ctBOJia CBan neiKH c B= 0 5 c 3= 0 5
1 ,0 1 , 00 1 , 00 1 , 00 1 , 00
1 ,5 0 , 95 0 , 85 0 , 75 0 , 70
2, 0 0 , 90 0 , 80 0 , 65 0 , 50
2, 5 0 , 85 0 , 75 0 , 50 0 , 40
3, 0 0 , 80 0 , 60 0 , 40 0 , 30
309
2 JXJM 3a0 HBHbix cBan , a TaioKe HaMeTpoMHe 6ojieeO,8 j< f
jiJin Tpy6
norpy>KaeMbix 3a6nBKOH B jno6bie rpyHTbi ( a BH6ponorpyjKaTeJiHMH
TOJibKO B necnaHbie rpyHTbi) c OTKpbiTbiM HHJKHHM KOHUOM H C oeraB
jieHHeM rpyHToaoro n pa Ha BbicoTy He MeHee Tpex
^ AHaMeTpoB,
^
—-
BeJiHHHHa RH onpe ejineTCH no Tafiji 4
^ .
npH rpyHTax KpynHoo6 noMOHHbix (meOeHHCTbix , rajienHHKOBbix,
BajiyHHbix) H cBH3Hbix TBep ofl KOHCHCTeHUHH ( npw B V ) npHHHMaeTCH
^ <
RH = 2000 miu 2
JXJIH KaMy( j)JieTHbix cBafi 3HaneHHH RH , npHHHMaeMbie no Tafiji 4,

yMHOJKaiOTCH Ha K03 J|HUHeHTbI H3 Ta6 ji 5
( )( )
RJIH
Apyrnx cj)yH£aMeHTOB , onnpaeMbix Ha necnaHbie rpyHTbi H
y OBJieTBOpHIOmHX Tpe60 B3HHHM, H3JIO >KeHHbIM B npHJIOJKeHHH 20,
^ —
npHHHMaeTCH /? = 1 , 4 R , r e R pacneTHoe conpoTHBjieHHe corjiacHo
H
ynoMHHyTOMy npnjio eHHio

^
^
B ocTa bHbix cjiynanx npHHHMaeTCH Ru = 1 , 4 Rt r&e R pac
^
neTHoe conpOTHBjieHHe comacHO n 682
ripH onHpaHHH 3a6 HBHbix cBan Ha CKajibHbie rpyHTbi (nopoflH)
— -
npHHHMaeTCH RH = 1 , 4 R > r e R
rjiacHO n ^ —
pacneTHoe conpoTHBjieHHe co
683, HO He MeHee 2 000 m / M 2
-
3 PacqeTHan CHJia TpeHHH no 6OKOBOH
noBepxHocTH (fjyH aMeH
^ -
TOB OnyCKHblX CHCTeM npHHHMaeTCH paBHOH 0, 7
4 PacneTHan Hecyman cnocofiHOCTb no rpyHTy cBafi-oSoJiOHeK
^ -
H KOJIO UeB oSoJIOHeK , HHJKHHe KOHUbl KOTOpbIX OnHpaiOTCH Ha CKaJIb
Hbie rpyHTbi ( nopoAbi) 6e3 3arjiy6;ieHHH B HHX , onpe eJineTCH no < > p Jx
--
Myjie P 0 = RF , a npn 3arjiy6 jieHHH (3a£eJiKe) HHJKHHX KOHUOB Ha ^
nryfinHy ht HO He MeHee 0, 5 M , B HeBbiBeTpHBmyiocH nacTb cKaJibHoro
rpyHTa ( nopo/ibi) —
no c opMyjie
^
P0 = R ( 0 , 1 U h + 1 ,5 F ),
r#e R — pacneTHoe B m / M 2 Oerajib
conpoTHBjieHHe corjiacHo n 683
Hbie oQoaHaneHHH npHBeaeHbi Bbime H npHHHMaioTCH B MeTpax
-
flpuAoofceHue 22
( K n 688 )
nPOBEPKA CBAftHOrO YHflAMEHTA KAK MACCHBHOrO

^
IlpoBepKa (JtyH / jaMeHTa H 3 CBan H cBaH -o6o oneK , paccMaTpHBae
MOrO KaK MaCCHBHblH (fjyHAaMeHT , yCJIOBHO OrpaHHHeHHblH
^ KOHTypOM
-
acde (CM pncyHOK ), npon 3BO£HTCH no tfiopMyjie
N , M
F + W ’
r Ae N — BepTHKajibHan cocTaBjintomaH B njiocKocTH no oiiiBbi
cBaHHoro $yH£aMeHTa c yneTOM Beca rpyHTOBoro ^
MaccHBa acde BMecTe c 3aKjnoneHHHMH B HeM CB3HMH
HJIH 060JI 0HKaMH ,
310
M
— MOMeHT
no ^ UeHTpa TH >KeCTH B ypOBHe
OT OCHTeJIbHO
ouiBbi njiHTbi pocTBepKa OT pacqeTHbix Harpy30K
^
(c K 03(}xf )HuiieHTaMH neperpy3Kn) ,
F nW
— n ôma
CHBHoro
HJIH no oiiiBbi
b
^4 H MOMCHT conpoTHBjieHHH ycjioBHoro Mac
>YHAaMeHTa B ypoBHe HHJKHHX KOHUOB cBafl
o6ojioqeK ,
-
^
C
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i
i I
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t /
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R— pacqeTHoe conpOTHBjieHHe rpyHTa B ypoBHe HHJKHHX
KOHUOB CBafl HJIH noAOWBbi o6ojioqeK ,
Pi 4 + <p 2 4 4
( 1 9 « in —
—
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(pCp cpeuHeB 3BeuieHHoe 3 Ha -

U
qeHHe pacqeTHbix yrjioB BHyipeHHero TPEHHH AJIH
npofi eHHbix rpyHTOB ,
^
<Pi» cp„ — pacqeTHbie
OTAEJIBHBIX npoflueHHbix
3HaqeHHH yrjioB BHyipeHHero TpeHHH
cjioeB rpyHTa
AJIH
TOJIIUHHOA
4 » 4* > In ,
IQ — cpeuHHH rjiy6HHa norpy >KeHHH CBafl HJIH o6ojioqeK
B rpyHT, cqHTan OT ero noBepxHOCTH c yqeTOM pa 3 -
MbiBa npH pacqeTHOM pacxo e Bo oTOKa HJIH OT
^ ^ nouo-
HiBbi njiHTbi pocTBepKa , ecjiH OHa HHHce
npuAootceHue 23
( K n 689)
nPOBEPKA flABJIEHHPl no noaCTHJIAfOillHM

rPYHTOBblM CJIOJ1 M
IlpoBepKa AaBJieHHH no noACTHJiaioiuHM rpyHTOBbiM

( ( 2
H3BOAHTCH no fjopMyjie B KB / CM )
CJIOHM npo -
0, 1 y ( h + z) + cc (a — 0,1 y h ) < Rt
rBfi a — cpeunee AaBjieHne no noAouiBe 4)yHAaMeHTa
OT pacqeTHbix
Harpy30K , nepe aBaeMoe Ha rpyHTbi ocHOBaHHH , B KB / CMA,
Y— ^
npHBeAeHHbiH 06'beMHbifl Bee rpyHTa B m / M 3 t
h— rjiyfinna 3aji05KeHHH $yHAaMeHTa B M ,
31 A
03 Ko3| i
( >< ) HU,tfeHT a
10
.AJix
r
npHMoyrojibHHKa c OTHouieHHeM CTOPOH noflouiBbi cbyHflaMeHTa —
Cl
b
JX JIH
* Kpyra
1 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8 2 0 2 4 2 8 3 2 4 5 1 0 H Gojiee
0 1 , 000 1 , 000 1 , 000 1 , 000 1 , 000 1 , 000 1 , 000 1 , 000 1 , 000 1 , 000 1 , 000 1 , 000 1 , 000
0, 2 0 , 949 0, 960 0 , 968 0 , 972 0 , 974 0 , 975 0 , 976 0 , 976 0 , 977 0 , 977 0 , 977 0 , 977 0 , 977
0, 4 0, 756 0 , 800 0 , 830 0 , 848 0 , 859 0 , 866 0 , 870 0 , 875 0 , 878 0 , 879 0 , 880 0 , 881 0 , 881
0, 6 0 , 547 0 , 606 0 , 651 0 , 682 0 , 703 0 , 717 0 , 727 0 , 757 0 , 746 0, 749 0 , 753 0 , 754 0, 755
0 ,8 0 , 390 0 , 449 0 , 496 0 , 532 0 , 558 0 , 518 0 , 593 0 , 612 0 , 623 0 , 630 0 , 636 0 , 639 0 , 642
1 ,0 0 , 285 0 , 334 0 t 378 0 , 414 0 , 441 0, 463 0 , 482 0 , 505 0 , 520 0 ,529 0 , 540 0 , 545 0 , 550
1, 2 0 , 214 0 , 257 0 , 294 0 , 325 0 , 352 0 , 374 0 , 392 0 , 419 0 , 437 0 , 469 0 , 462 0 , 470 0 , 477
1, 4 0 , 165 0 , 201 0 , 232 0 , 260 0 , 284 0 , 304 0 , 321 0 , 350 0 , 369 0 , 383 0 , 400 0 , 410 0 , 420
1 ,6 0 , 130 0 , 160 0 , 187 0 , 210 0 , 232 0 , 251 0 , 267 0 , 294 0 , 314 0 , 329 0 , 348 0 , 360 0 , 374
1 ,8 0 , 106 0 , 130 0 , 153 0 , 173 0 , 192 0 , 209 0 , 224 0 , 250 0 , 270 0 , 285 0 , 305 0 , 320 0 , 337
2, 0 0, 087 0, 108 0 , 127 0 , 145 0 , 161 0 , 376 0 , 189 0 , 214 0 , 233 0 , 241 0 , 270 0 t 285 0 , 304
2, 2 0 , 073 0 , 090 0 , 107 0 , 122 0 , 137 0 , 150 0 , 163 0 , 185 0 , 208 0 , 218 0 , 239 0 , 256 0 , 280
2, 4 0 , 062 0 , 077 0 , 092 0 , 105 0 , 118 0 , 130 0 , 141 0 , 161 0 , 178 0 , 192 0 , 213 0 , 230 0, 258
2, 6 0 , 053 0 , 066 0 , 079 0 , 091 0 , 102 0 , 112 0 , 123 0 , 141 0 , 157 0 , 170 0 , 191 0 , 208 0 , 239
2,8 0 , 046 0 , 058 0 , 069 0 , 079 0 089 0 , 099 0 , 108 0 , 124 0 , 139 0 , 152 0 , 172 0 , 189 0 228
3, 0 0,040 0,051 0, 060 0 ,070 0,078 0 , 087 0, 095 0, 110 0, 124 0 , 136 0 , 155 0 , 172 0 , 208
3, 2 0 , 036 0 , 045 0 , 053 0 , 062 0 , 070 0 , 077 0 , 085 0 , 098 0 , 111 0 , 122 0 , 141 0 , 158 0 , 190
3, 4 0 , 033 0 , 040 0 , 048 0 , 055 0 , 062 0 , 069 0 , 076 0 , 088 0 , 100 0 , 110 0 , 128 0 , 144 0 , 184
3, 6 0 , 030 0 , 036 0 , 042 0 , 049 0 , 056 0 , 062 0 , 068 0 , 080 0 , 090 0 , 100 0 , 117 0 , 133 0 , 175
3, 8 0 , 027 0 , 032 0 , 038 0 , 044 0 , 050 0 , 056 0 , 062 0 , 072 0 082 0 , 091 0 , 107 0 , 123 0 , 166
4,0 0 , 025 0 , 0 ^9 0 , 035 0 , 040 0 , 046 0 , 051 0 , 056 0 066 0 , 075 0 084 0 , 095 0 , 113 0 , 158
4,2 0 , 023 0 , 026 0 , 031 0 , 037 0 , 042 0 , 048 0 , 051 0 , 060 0 , 069 0 , 077 0 , 091 0 , 105 0 , 150
4, 4 0 , 021 0 , 024 0 , 029 0 , 034 0 , 038 0 , 042 0 , 047 0 , 055 0 , 063 0 , 070 0 , 084 0 , 098 0 , 144
4,6 0 , 019 0 , 022 0 , 026 0 , 031 0 , 035 0 , 039 0 043 0 , 051 0 , 058 0 , 065 0 , 078 0 , 091 0 137
4,8 0 018 0 , 020 0 , 024 0 , 028 0 , 032 0 , 036 0 , 040 0 , 047 0 , 054 0 , 060 0 , 072 0 , 085 0 132
5, 0 0 ,017 0 , 019 0 , 022 0 , 026 0 , 030 0 , 033 0 , 037 0 , 044 0 , 050 0 , 056 0 , 067 0 , 079 0 , 126
z
npHMenaHHe JXjin IIpOMOKyTOHHblX BejiHHHHa K 03(Jxj) HUHeHTa a onpeAejineTCH no HHTepnoini Hn
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J
4 ^
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b — MeHbmaa ero CTopona HJIH AHaMeTp KpyroBoro ( >yH -
flaMeHTa
J
npuAoxeuue 2
( K n 690)
riPOBEPKA CBAflHOrO cpyHAAMEHTA HA AEftCTBHE

rOPHSOHTAJIbHbIX CHJ1
IlpoBepKa cBaftHoro 4> yHAaMeHTa npn HH3KOM pocTBepne Ha Aefi-
CTBHe ropH30HTajibHbix CHJI npoH 3BOflHTCH no ( jjopMyjie
27 ,
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4 ,5 d 6 d 2, 6 2, 8 2, 8 6 7 8
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( IpuAOMeHue 25
( K n 691)
PACHET 4> yHMMEHTOB C YMETOM 3AflEJIKH

1 npoH3BO£ HTCH c yqeTOM HX jnecTKOCTH
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06 beAHHeHbi pnrejieM (njiHTofl pocTBepKa),
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men ycjioBHio a /* 2, 5 , aBjieHHe Ha rpyHT onycKaeTca onpe&ejiflTb,
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^ -
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78
80
81
Pacnem npedeapumeAbno nanpHOtcenubix 0KeAe3o6 etfioHHbix tcoHcmpyKi{ uft
14 PacneT no nepBOMy npe ejibHOMy COCTOHHHIO H £ npOHHOCTb H ycTOH
HHBOCTh ^ 8a
A PacneT Ha Harpy 3KH , ueucTByioiuHe B CTa HH SKcnjiyaTauHH 83
IJ,eHTpajibHO pacTHHyTbie sjieMeHTbi ^ 83
BHeueHTpeHHO pacTHHyTbie 9 jieMeHTbi 83
M 3rn6 aeMbie sjieMeHTH 86
а) PacneT ceueHHfi, HOpMajibHbix K npouojibHoft OCH sjieMeHTa 86
б) PacueT ceueHHH , HaKJiOHHbix K npO ojibHofl OCH sjieMeHTa 87
HeHTpajibHO c >KaTbie BJieMeHTbi ^ 90-
BHeueHTpeHHO OKaTbie ajieMeHTbi 90
B PacueT Ha Harpy 3KH , ueftcTBytoiune B CTauHH npeuBapHTejibHoro
HanpHHceHHH 92
B PacueT Ha Harpy 3KH uencTByioiuHe npn MOHTante H TpaHcnopTH -
pOBBHHH 98
r PaCHeT Ha BbIHOCJIHBOCTb KOHCTpyKUHfi JKeJie3HOUOpO>KHbIX MOCTOB
nou ueficTBHeM aKcnjiyaTauHOHHbix Harpy 30 K 99
—
15 PacueT no t})opMy;iaM conpoTHBJieHHH ynpyrnx MaTepnajiOB
16 PacneT no BTopoMy npeuejibHOMy COCTOHHHIO no uetJjopMauHHM
17 PacueT no TpeTbeMy npe ejibHOMy COCTOHHHIO Ha TpemHHOCTOHKOCTb
^
Koncmpyupoeanue
100
103
103
A 06lUHe KOHCTpyKTHBHbie TpefiOBaHHH 107

18 OcHOBHbie nojio>KeHHH 107
19 CdopHbie KOHCTpyKUHH 109
20 Pacnojio^KeHHe apMaTypbi B 6eTOHe 112
21 3amHTHbiH CJIOH fieTOHa 113
22 OnopHbie uacTH H uiapHHpbi 114
B OcHOBHbie yK 33aHHH no KOHCTpyHpOBaHHK) 9^ eMeHTOB H 3 o6 bIHHOrO
.
>Ke ne 3o6eTOHa 116
23 OCmne nojio>KeHHH 116
24 npouojibHoe apMHpoBaHHe sjieMeHTOB 116
25 nonepeuHoe apMHpoBaHHe sjieMeHTOB 118
26 AHKepOBKa apMaTypbi 120
27 CBapHbie coeuHHeHHH apMaTypbi 122
B OcHOBHbie yK 33aHHH no KOHCTpyHpOBaHHK) SJieMeHTOB H 3 npeuea
pHTejibHO HanpHH< eHHoro ?Kejie3o6eTOHa 122
28 06mne nonojKeHHH 122
29 KOHCTpyKUHH c H 3TH >KeHHeM apMaTypbi Ha ynopbi 125
30 KOHCTpyKUHH c H3THH< eHHeM apMaTypbi Ha 6eTOH 125
P ct 3 d e A I V
CTaJIbHbie KOHCTpyKUHH
1 MaTepnaJiu 127
2 PacqeTHbie xapaKTepHCTHKH MaTepaa oB H
^ coeflfiHeHHft 129
326
pacHetnbi
Ctp
3 OnpeaejtertHe yCHAHft H MOMGHTOB 132
5 PacqeT 9/ieMeHTOB KOHCTpyKUHH
-
4 CBo6oAHan fljiHHa H rn 6 K 0CTb s neMeHTofl KOHCTPYKUHH 140
144
6 PacqeT CTHKOB H coe HHeHHH 152
^
7 PacqeT coe HHHTejitHbix njiauoK , nep opupOBaHHux JTHCTOB coe
8
^
HHTe;ibHbix pemeTOK
Pacqet onopHbix qactefi
^ H
^ H
156
157
KoHcmpyupoeaHiie
9 OcHOBHHe TpeOoBatfHH K KOHCTpyKUHH 158
1(3 CeqeHHH H THCKOCTb SJieMeHTOB 160
11 Pe6 pa >KecTKOCTH cnjiouiHbix H 3rn 6aeMHX 6aJiOK 164
12 TpefioaaHHH K KJienaHbiM H CBapHWM coe HHeHHau 166
13 ReTajw KOHCTpyKUHH ^ 170
14 KOHCTpyKUHH nJiaHOK , nept{)opHpoBaHHbix JIHCTOB H coeAHHHTejibHbix
pemeTOK 173
15 Oco6eHHOCTH KOHCTpyKUHH KJienaHO CBapHblX npOJieTHbIX CTpoeHHH 174
16 KOHCTpyKUHH onopHbix qacTefi 176
P a3d e A V
.
OraJibHbie KOHCTpyKH nn , 06'beAHHeHHwe c Hcejie 3o6eTOHHoii njiHTOft
1 Ofimne noô>KeHHH 177

2 OcHOBHbie nojioJKeHHH pacqeTa 177
3 Pacqet nonepeqHbix ceqeHHfi 182
4 Pacqet npo o bHbrx ceqeHHH H oObeAHHeHna H<ejie3o6eTOHHOH HAHTH
^^
CO CTajIbHOfi KOHCTpyKUHefl 189
5 KoHCTpyHponaHHe 191
P a a d e A VI
BeTOHHbie H KEMeHHbie KOHCTpyKUHH
1 MaTepuajibi 194
2 PacqeTHbie xapaxTepHCTHKH 6eTGHa H KJIBJXKH 195
3 PacqeTbi 198
4 KoHCTpynpoBaHHe 201
P a 3 de A Vfl
AepeBHHHbie KOHCTpyKHHH
1 06m, ne yxa 3aHHH 205
2 MaTepnajibi 205
3 PacqeTHwe xapaKtepucTHKH waTepnaAOB H coe HHeHHH 207
^
pacnemu
4 OnpeAejieHHe ycuAHH H MOMSHTOB 210
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^ ^
6 PacqeT aAeitreHTOB KOHCTpyKUH # 213
7 Pacqet coe HHeHHH 216
^
Koncmpyupoeanue
8 OcHOBi- bie TpedoBaHiia 219
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^ CTpoeHHH H
327
Paaden VIII
OCHOBAHHSI H fryHAaMeHTbi
(
CTp,
1 HoMeHK âiypa H xapaKTepncTHKH rpyHTOB 226
2 PacqeTHbie conpoTHBjieHHH rpyHTOBbix ocHOBaunn 229
3 PacqeTH 232
4 3aA0 XteHnet $opMa H pa 3Mepu $yHAaMeHTOB 237
[JpuAoofceHun
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MOCTOB Ha }KeJie3Hbix Aoporax 24C
2 r 6apHTbI npHdJIHXCeHHH KOHCTpyKUHfl
porax ropo ax
MOCTOB Ha aBT0M 06 HJIbHbIX
*-
o
241
H B
^
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HOCTH 242
4 Onpe
^ .
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*
247
6 HopMatHBHbie BCJIHHHHW noTepb npeABapHTejibHoro HanpaxceHHfl 248
7 HopMaTHBHoe ropH 30HTa;ibHoe HasjieHHe Ha onopbi MOCTOB OT coficTBeH
Horo Beca rpyHTa 253
8 yKa 33HHH no pacneTy xpy 6 254
9 HopMaTHBHan BpeMeHHaa BepTHKaAbHaa HarpysKa OT noABHJKHOro
cocTaea H npaBMa aarpyAcenna JIHHHS BAHHHHH 256
10 HopMatHBHafl BpeMennaa AepTHKajibHa # Harpy 3Ka A H pacaeTa aBto
HOpOHtHHX H rOpOHCKHX MOCTQB H npaBHJia 3arpy >KeHHH JIHHHH
^ -
BJIHHHHH 262
11 TopHSOHrajibHoe HaBJieHHe rpyHTa Ha Seperosbie onopa OT BpeMeHHOfi
BepTHKaJibHOH Harpy 3KH 272
12 HopMamBHaH nenoBan Harpy 3Ka 275
13 VKa 3aHHH no onpenejieHHio KOJieGaHHH TeMnepaTypbi x<ejie30
CeTOHHMX , GeTOHHbIX H KaMeHHbIX KOHCTpyKUHll 277
14 PacnexHbie KoacpcJmtiHeHTbi, npHHHTbie AAH BbmHCJieHna pacneTHMx
conpoTHBJieHHH OeTOHa H apMaTypu 281
15 XapaKTepHCTHKH Mepbi noA3yqecTH THHcenoro 6eTOHa 281
16 PaCqeTHble BeJIHHHHbl StjxjjeKTHBHHX K 03( jx
| > HIl,HeHT0B KOHUeHTpaUHH
HanpflxceHHH S 284
17 ConocTaBJieHHe pacneTOB BjieMeHTOB cTajibHMx KOHCTpyKunfi Ha npon
HOCTb H BblHOCAHBOCTb
- 288
18 y K 333 HHH no paCHCTy MeCTHOft yCTOfiHHBOCTH CTeHOK CnAOrUHHX
CTaJIbHbIX H o6 beHHHeHHHX 6aJ10K 288
19 CpeAHHe 4> H 3HKO MexaHHnecKHe xapaxTepHCTHKH rpyHTOB ocHOBaHnS 299
20 PacnexHbie conpoTHBJieHHH necnaHux OCHOB3 HHH 301
21 PacnexHan Hecymas cnocoOHOCTb ( no rpyHTy ) cfiaft , oOojoneK H Apy
307
22
23
^
THX jyHAaMeHTOB onycKHUx CHCTeM
npoBepKa CBafiHoro $ yHAaMeHTa xax MaccHBHoro
npoBepKa ABBjieHHft no noACTHJiaiomHM rpy HTOBHM CJIOHM
310
311
24 npoBepKa CBaftHoro cJjyHAaMeHTa Ha AeficTBHe ropH30HTajibHbix CHJI 313
25 PacneT (pyHAaMeHTOB c yneTOM aa ejiKH 314
26 ^
yKa 33HHH no onpenejieHHto AaBjieHHH non noAoniBon (JjyHAaMeHTOB
ycxoeB MOCTOB OT Beca noAxoAHHx Hacunefi 319
27 PacneT ocaAOK ocHOBaHHft (py HAaMeHTOB MOCTOBHX onop 321
28 CxeMaTHnecKan xapTa rjiyOHH npoMepaaHHH rpyHTOB 322
29 yKa 3aHHH no Bbl6opy THnOB HCKyCCTBeHHbIX OCHOBaHHIi H cnjiouiHbix
(JjyHAaMeHToa 3BeHbee EOAonponycKHbix Tpy 6 aaMKHytoro cenenna 324
OnEMATKH
CrTp CtpoKa Haneqaiano CJie yeT

^ qiiT & Tb
5 23 cBepxy onop npojieTHbix ctpoeHHft

84 10 CBepxy S„ 5H
85 1 CBepxy n 177 n 215
87 6 MOMCHTU , IIX IUIOIIIBAH ce eHHH
CBepxy CTaTuqecKne
So H Sft ^
90 4 CBepxy CHJIM npe BapHTejib CHJIH c
yqeTOM npea -
Horo ^ BapHTe;ibHoro
$
94 11 CHH 3y 56
94 H 95 B HecKOJitKHx MecTax 5e < 0, 85o 5g < 0,8So
94 n 95 To S6 > 0, 8So , '
>Ke Ss >0 8 S o
95 15 CHH 3y nponymeH ineH B tjjop /«
Myjie
271 Ta 6 ji 8 » ctoji 6eu 5, cTpo 6 ,5 6 ,7
xa 4 c « H 3y
271 Ta 6 ji 8 , CTOn 6 eu 6 , CTpo 6,7 6, 5
Ka 3 cHH 3y
306 6 CBepxy ? = 36° f > 36°
308 Ta 6 ji 2, cTOJi 6eu 10 < 0, 6 > 0,6

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