Name: Date: Group no:

Section: Rating:

Experiment no. 10
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Objective:
1. To enable the learner to be familiar with the cells and tissues found in the different organs
of the digestive system
2. To enable the learner to identify the functions of the digestive system
Introduction:
The digestive system is comprised of organs whose general functions are to break
down food mechanically and chemically, absorb essential nutrients, and remove waste materials.
The digestive system is mainly composed of a long tube which starts in the mouth and ends in
the rectum. It is also made up of accessory organs which secrete enzymes and other substances
needed for the digestion of food.

Materials:
Prepared slides, Microscope, Reference books, Pencil, Colored pencils
Procedures:
1. Focus the following prepared slides under the microscope:
a) Esophagus
b) Stomach
c) Small intestine
d) Large intestine
e) Liver
f) Gallbladder
g) Pancreas
2. Accomplish the activities and answer the question below.
Illustrations:
1. Complete the table below:
Major Hormone Major Action
Cell Type
Location Produced Promotes Inhibits
D cells
EC cells
G cells
I cells
 K cells
L cells
Mo cells
N cells
S cells

2. Draw and label the following: (All drawings under the microscope)
a. Esophagus (Transverse section)
b. Stomach (Transverse section)
c. Small intestine (Duodenum longitudinal section)
d. Large intestine (Transverse section)
e. Liver Lobule
f. Gallbladder
g. Pancreas
Questions for Research:
1. Identify the specific functions of each of the organs that comprise the main digestive
tract.
-
Mouth - Chewing breaks the food into pieces that are more easily digested, while
saliva mixes with food to begin the process of breaking it down into a form your body
can absorb and use.
Esophagus - conduit for food and liquids that have been swallowed into the
pharynx to reach the stomach.
Stomach - secretes acid and enzymes that digest food.
Small Intestine - The main function of the small intestine
is absorption of nutrients and minerals from food.
Large Intestine - The 4 major functions of the large intestine are recovery
of water and electrolytes, formation and storage of faeces and fermentation of some of
the indigestible food matter by bacteria.
Anus - Its function is to control the expulsion of feces, unwanted semi-solid
matter produced during digestion
2. What are the functions of the liver, the gallbladder, and the pancreas in the digestive
system?
-
Liver - The liver's main job is to filter the blood coming from the digestive
tract, before passing it to the rest of the body.
Gallbladder - to store and concentrate bile, a yellow-brown digestive
enzyme produced by the liver.
Pancreas - The pancreas has an endocrine function because it releases
juices directly into the bloodstream, and it has an exocrine function because it
releases juices into ducts.
3. Complete the table
Region and Subdivisions Mucos Submucosa Musculari Adventitia/Serosa
a s
1. Esophagus
(Upper, Middle, Lower)
2. Stomach
(Cardia, Fundus, Body, Pylorus)
3. Small Intestine
(Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum)
4. Large Intestine
(Cecum, Colon, Rectum)
5. Anal Canal