CRITICAL JURNAL REVIEW

INTEGRAL CALCULUS

Mechanistic Explanation of Integral Calculus

[RICHARD D. SAUERHEBER]

Arranged by;
NAME : RIAN MISWANDA SIHOMBING
NIM : 5192230001
CLASS : Electrical Engineering A
LECTURER : Drs. Marsangkap Silitonga, M. Pd

S-1 STUDY PROGRAM ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
MEDAN STATE UNIVERSITY
APRIL 2020
 FOREWORD

First of all,we give thanks to ALLAH SWT Almighty because His grace and guidance we
can complete this CJR (Critical Journal Review).In this Cjr we discuss the contents of the Integral
Calculus book.

This Critical Journal Review was made with as much as possible maybe by we and party
party that had been help. For that we would like to thank the parties who have help complete
this CJR.
However, we realize they are errors in the manufacture of Critical Journal Review .For that,
with very open we receive critics and suggestion that build so that going forward we can make
Critical Journal Review better.End of words we expect that this Critical Journal Riview can be
useful to add insight and inspire readers.

MEDAN,APRIL 2020

AUTHOR
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Foreword....................................................................................................................
Table Of Contents.......................................................................................................
Chapter I : Introduction..............................................................................................
1.1.Background of CJR......................................................................................
1.2.Objectives of CJR.........................................................................................
1.3.Benefit of CJR..............................................................................................
1.4.Journal Indentity.........................................................................................
Chapter II : Sumarry of Contents................................................................................
2.1.Research Purposes......................................................................................
2.2.Research Subject…………………………………………………………………………………….
2.3.Research Result..........................................................................................
Chapter III : Closing....................................................................................................
3.1.Conclusing...................................................................................................
3.2.Advantages and Disadvantages of jurnal...................................................
3.3.Suggestion...................................................................................................
References..................................................................................................................
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Backgroundof CJR

The rationale for CJR's importance is to help students be more active in reading various journals
and choosing articles. And can improve the quality of student skills in improving skills when
criticizing or when assessing a journal. And help students later in making titles and making if
there are tasks related to the journal.
Can also practice skills in typing because at this stage of criticizing work, the task must be typed.
And can help students patience in comparing which journals are good for criticism or review
and which ones are not worthy of being rivaled.

1.2 Objectives of CJR

To complete one of the calculus assignments
1. To publish a journal
2. To assess the weaknesses and strengths of the journal
3. To enhance mutuh in merivew journals

1.3 Benefits of CJR

1. To strengthen knowledge about calculus
2. Improve student skills both in reading journals and typing
3. Improve skills in choosing journals that are worth reviewing
1.4 Journal Identity
Title : Mechanistic explanation of integral calculus
Page : 420 - 425
Year : 2014
Author : RICHARD D. SAUERHEBER
Series Number :

BAB II
SUMMARY OF CONTENTS
2.1 Research Purposes
The anatomic features of filaments drawn through an integral and its derivative clarify why
integrals automatically calculate area swept out by derivatives. Each elevation change dF on an
integral, where dF/dx ratios are the slopes of tangent lines at each point, as a linear measure
equals the magnitude of square area of the vertical filament of width dx and height f(x) traced
by the derivative. The sum of all dF increments combine to produce a range ∆F on the integral
that equals the exact summed area ∫f(x)dx swept out by the derivative over that domain. dx
displacement widths, and corresponding dF displacement heights, along the function are not
uniform. Values vary and are determined by the slope of the function at each point. Among
many methods that demonstrate why integrals calculate area traced out by derivatives, this
presents the physical meaning of differentials dx and dF, and how the variation in each along a
curve explicitly computes area at any point. Height dF/dx times width dx is the formula for the
filament area swept out by the corresponding derivative function at any position along the
integral. This explains thoroughly but succinctly the precise mechanism of integral Calculus .

2.2Research Subject
The derivative of a mathematical function, whether polynomial, trigonometric, transcendental
or another form is a formula that computes the slopes of tangents drawn along that function.
For example, the derivative of all functions given by f(x) = mx + b is f’(x) = m because the
coefficient m is the slope of the function. The integral of a function provides a formula F(x) that
calculates the area between the horizontal axis and that function, symbolized as ∫f(x)dx = F(x)
(1st Fundamental Theorem) [1]. The integral of the constant function m with respect to x is F(x)
= mx + b. Indeed, subtracting values of this function between x = a and c calculates the area
under the Cartesian graph of f(x) = m from 0 to c.

Newton in 1665, and Liebniz independently later, discovered that the rate that area is swept
out from the horizontal axis by a function f(x) is determined directly at any point by the ordinal
value of the function at that point (2nd Fundamental Theorem) [2]. Indeed, the derivative of the
integral of m is m, d[∫mdx]/dx = m. The area between the x axis and any horizontal function
given by f(x) = m has area between x = a and c calculated by its integral F(x) = mx│ac = mc – ma
because the slope derivative of mx is m, the function which sweeps out that area. Incredibly,
these truths apply for any smooth continuous differentiable function since any function is the
derivative of its own integral.
For the array of functions given by f(x) = axn, the derivatives are given by f’(x) = anxn-1. The
integrals of such functions are given by F(x) = axn+1/(n+1) + c. Any values for the constants a, n,
and c on the entire real number line, rational or irrational, apply (except additional
consideration is necessary for n = -1). The derivative of c being zero, dF(x)/dx = d[axn+1/(n+1) +
c]/dx = axn = f(x). Thus F’(x) = f(x) which is the 2nd Fundamental Theorem, that the derivative of
an integral of a function is that function. For any smooth continuous differentiable function, f(x)
is both the integrand and the derivative of its integral F(x). Therefore, any equation not only is
the slope-reporting derivative of its integral but also is an area-reporting integral of its
derivative. Sequential differentiation of ax3/3 produces ax2, 2ax, and 2a, where each term is the
derivative slope formula for the preceding term, when graphed sweeps out an area having a
quantity that is computed by that preceding term, and is an integral that computes the quantity
of area swept out by a graph of the term following it.
The usual question students ask is: how can we know without doubt that any integral
function will correctly report the exact area accumulated by its derivative along the horizontal
axis, even for curves? Here, the anatomic parts of a derivative/integral pair of functions at
various points are labeled to demonstrate the mechanism by which integral functions
automatically evaluate the exact magnitude of area swept out by its corresponding derivative.

2.3 Research Result

Magnified infinitesimal points within a curve are shown in Figure 1. An isolated point has no
slope itself but a point surrounded by other points in a curve has an intrinsic slope. The
trajectories of the spots of contact with adjacent points have slope dF/dx intrinsic to each point.
Since any curve can be magnified sufficiently until its slope in a region of finite width matches
the slope of its corresponding tangent, the intrinsic slope of the point in the curve is the slope
of the tangent to the curve at that point and is the ordinal value f(x) of the derivative at that
point. Where F(x) is horizontal dF = 0. dF > dx.when the slope of the curve is greater than 1, and
when the slope is less than 1 dF < dx. The width displacement dx and height displacement dF, at
any x = c, are determined by the slope of the curve at x = c, where dF(c)/dx(c) = f’(c). Note that
dx values are NOT fixed along the domain of the function. The ratio of dF to dx is the intrinsic
slope of the curve at that particular point.
The total of all vertical increments of change dF per point is the overall change in range of a
secant line along the function. The total of all the horizontal increments dx, each of differing
magnitude for curves, along the horizon is the overall domain change for the secant line. The
vertical sum of all dF increments equals the quantity of area accumulated by the derivative
function. To see this, consider the anatomic parts of a derivative and integral pair of functions
along with a secant line.
In Figure 2 the functions given by F(x) = x2 and f(x) = 2x are graphed as an integral and
derivative pair. Vertical filaments of miniscule width dx (> 0) are drawn that pass through a
point on the integral and through the derivative. A secant line along x2 from x = 0 to x = 2.5
exhibits a net range of ∆Y= 6.25. Horizontal filaments of thickness dF drawn along the integral
have thicknesses that equal the change in elevation of the integral function for each dx at any
position. Since f(x) as the derivative of F(x), its ordinal values are the slopes of tangent lines on
F(x) at each point. A tangent line for the integral is drawn at x = 1. Note that the distance
between points of contact along an integral function that dx represents can be thought of as
the widths of filaments or shadows cast through the derivative. However, the derivative
function has its own intrinsic dx values between points of contact that are determined by its
own slope values
BAB III
CLOSING

3.1 Conclusion
the conclusion I got from this journal Mechanistic explanation of integral calculus is that
The anatomic features of filaments drawn through an integral and its derivative clarify why
integrals automatically calculate area swept out by derivatives. Each elevation change dF on an
integral, where dF/dx ratios are the slopes of tangent lines at each point, as a linear measure
equals the magnitude of square area of the vertical filament of width dx and height f(x) traced
by the derivative. This explains thoroughly but succinctly the precise mechanism of integral
Calculus

3.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Journal

The subject matter is already in the theory, but its hard for us (probably for other readers) to
understand some part of this journal since most of the part is presented as a paragraph which
makes it kind of boring. The result is easily understood since it is based on the topic. The
deficiency is located in the Method, where the step by step explanation where it should be
presented as a paragraph which makes it less attractive.in the subject of the study, the required
points of activities that are not discussed in detail make the reader confused what to do.

3.3Suggestion
After reading this journal, many of the readers are still confused. Because this journal has too
much material. And the ingredients are also difficult to understand. Therefore there are
published if the journal is written in simple language so that readers can be understood by what
the contents of this journal.

REFERENCES

1. Thomas GB, Finney RL. Calculus. 9th ed. Reading (MA): Addison

Wesley; 1992. [Google Scholar]

2. Sauerheber R. Teaching the calculus. Int J Math Educ Sci

Technol. 2012;43(1):85–100. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Google Scholar]

https://doi.org/10.1080/0020739X.2014.956826