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Combinational and Sequential Circuits
A Digital logic (or Switching) circuit has voltage levels to be switched from one value to another but has a
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nite number of distinct values (generally 0 for false and 1 for true). These circuits operate a de nite set
in of logic rules so it is also known as Logic circuits. These are basic circuits which are used in mobile
phones, calculators, computers, etc. Hire with us!
A combinational circuit consists of logic gates whose outputs at any time are determined from only the
present combination of inputs and they have no memory. A sequential circuit consists of logic gates
whose outputs at any time are determined from both the present combination of inputs and previous
output. That means sequential circuits use memory elements to store the value of previous output.
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1. Combinational Circuits:
These circuits developed using AND, OR, NOT, NAND and NOR logic gates. These logic gates are building
blocks of combinational circuits. A combinational circuit consists of input variables and output variables.
Since these circuits are not dependent upon previous input to generate any output, so are combinational
logic circuits. A combinational circuit can have an n number of inputs and m number of outputs. In
combinational circuits, the output at any time is a direct function of the applied external inputs.
2. Sequential circuits:
A sequential circuit is speci ed by a time sequence of inputs, outputs, and internal states. The output of a
sequential circuit depends not only the combination of present inputs but also on the previous outputs.
Unlike combinational circuits, sequential circuits include memory elements with combinational circuits.
Generally, there are two types of storage elements used: Latches, and Flip-Flops. Storage elements that
operate with signal levels (rather than signal transitions) are referred to as latches ; those controlled by a
clock transition are ip- ops.