LOGIC CIRCUITS 2

DR. DANILO T. PANGATUNGAN

Instructor
 • A logic circuit is a circuit that
executes a processing or
controlling function in a
computer. This circuit implements
logical operations on information
Logic circuit to process it. Logic circuits utilise
two values for a given physical
quantity (voltage, for example) to
denote the Boolean values true
and false or 1 and 0 respectively.
 • Logic circuits utilise two values for a given
physical quantity (voltage, for example) to
denote the Boolean values true and false or 1
and 0 respectively. Logic circuits have inputs, as
well as having outputs that can be dependent on
the inputs. In logic circuit diagrams, the
connection from one circuit’s
Logic circuit output to another circuit’s input is displayed as
an arrowhead at the input end.
s • When it comes to performance, logic circuits are
similar to programming language functions. The
inputs are similar to function parameters while
the outputs are similar to function returned
values. A logic circuit can accommodate multiple
outputs.
2 Types of Circuitry
1. Combinational circuitry – operates like
a simple function. The output is based on
the present values of the input.
Combinational circuitry is theoretically
built from basic logic gates, which are
AND gates, OR gates, XOR gates, and
inverters. The outputs of gates in
combinational circuitry is never sent
directly back to earlier inputs.
2. State circuitry – this kind of gate
performs like an object method. The
output is not only based on the input. It
is also based on the historical inputs. This
is made possible by the memory
embedded in the circuitry.
 • An AND gate can conceivably have any number of
inputs. Its output is true when all of its inputs are
true.
• An AND gate is frequently used to control a signal –
that is, to turn it on or off, depending on the value
of control signals.
1. • An OR gate can conceivably have any number of
Combination inputs. Its output is true when any one of its inputs
is true.
al circuitry • An XOR gate has two inputs. Its output is true when
only of its inputs are true. It will return false
otherwise.
• An XOR gate is sometimes used to control a signal –
that is, either to invert it or not, depending on the
value of a control signal.
 a. Routing
1. Multiplexers – these have several data input
Basic signals, as well as a control input. The output
logic gates is identical to one of the inputs. The value of
the control signal determines which input to
can be take into account.
combined to 2. Demultiplexers – these gates have one data
input signal, a control input, and several
form a variety output signals. All of the output signals are 0
of higher- (false) except for the one selected by the
control input. The selected output is identical
level units: to the data input.
 • Full adders – this kind of gate performs a single
column of a binary addition. Full adders are the
primary building block for multi-bit adders and
subtracton
• Adders and Subtractors – these work to add or
subtract two binary or two complement
b. numbers. A subtractor is just an adder with extra
Computational circuitry, which allows it to perform a two-
complement operation on one of the inputs.
They are typically designed to
do either addition or subtraction, as directed by
a control signal.
• Comparators – these compare either two binary
or two complement numbers.
 • This is similar to an object method with
values depending on the object’s state, or
depending on its instance variables.
• State circuitry contains anything that can
recollect bits of information, including
memory, registers, and program counters.
2. State
• The basic element of state circuitry is a flip-
Circuitry flop. A flip-flop stores one bit of data.
Multiple flip-flops can be combined to form
a multi-bit state element called a register.
Multiple registers can be combined into a
register bank.
 • A processor’s datapath is conceptually
organized into two parts:
• Combinational logic determines the
state of the processor for the next
Processor clock cycle. The ALU is combinational
Datapath logic.
• State elements hold information about
the state of the processor during the
current clock cycle. All registers are
state elements.
References
• Logic Circuits | Definition, What & Types | Computer Science (teachco
mputerscience.com)
•THANK YOU……