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TOMBSTONE OF THE CHEVALIER MILARD

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( HIC JACT )
PETR, US MILARD GAEX CAPTIVO BELLI
REGIBACCEPTUS PRAESBITERIUMENT,
CIMITERIUM AECCLESIAF.
( COLSIRUXIT )
REGE GALLIAE CETNURIO ELECTUS
MORITUR ANNO MDCCLXXVIII, AETATIS
SUAEXLII
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y&ifopfruav;onf bmrSjyefrajymawmYbJ o&ufyifatmuf½Sd o&ufudkif;uav;wckudk
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em;axmifovdv k yk af e&mrS ½kww f &uf a'goxGuaf omrsuEf mS jzifY y&ifopfruav;qD vSr;f MunfNh y;D
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]] oefvQirf odr;f cif wESpaf usmw f nf;u a&mufaew,f }}
]] 'gjzifY oefvQiw f u kd yf rJG mS Advk rf if;ygcJrY mS aygY }}
]] [m ygwmaygY b,fYES,fYajymygvdrfY? oefvQifa&wyfu oabFm 7 pif;udk AdkvfrSL;BuD;OD;wGef
a½SUaqmifvyk w f u kd af wmY ukvm;jzLA&if*sw D yfrmS usKyu f wyfrLS ;vkywf myJ }}
]] OD ; wG e f ( rif ; acgif a emf & xmud k qd k v d k \ )[m twd k u f t cd k u f b uf r S m tif r wef & J & if Y
uRrf;usifw,fqdk? [kwfuJYvm; Adkvfrif; }}
]]&J&ifyY aHk wmYrajymeJ?Y twdik ;f wdik ;f tjynfjynf usKyaf &mufvmcJw Y ,f?OD;wGev f v kd rl sK;d rawGUcJbY ;l zl;?
b,favmuftHYMop&maumif;ovJqdkwm pOf;pm;Munfh? oefvQifa&wyfu oabFm 7 pif;udk
wdu k &f atmif ...}}
]] oabFm 7 pif;u wvdkif;rif;oabFmawGvm; ...}}
[k axG;jrujzwfar;vdu k &f m ...
]]oabFmawGu y&ifopfeYJ t*Fvyd Ef ikd if u H vmwJY oabFmawGaygY? 'Da&mufawmY wvdik ;f bufu
ultrSKxrf;vdkY wvdkif;rif;oabFmawGjzpfaewm? armifaxG;jr oefvQifom;qdkNyD; 'gawGrodbl;vm;?
'Dwek ;f u armifaxG;jrwdu Yk cyfi,fi,f½OdS ;D r,f? 'gYaMumifrY Ykd rrSwrf w d mxifw,f ...}}
]] i,fawmYri,fvSygbl;? 16 ESpf 17 ESpf½SdaeygNyD? odkYayr,fY rif;w&m;BuD; oefvQifeJY yJcl;
wdkufodrf;aeawmY uRefawmfu &cdkifa&mufaew,f? &cdkifrSm 7 ESpfawmif MumcJYwmuvm; }}
aywvlu ...
]] aMomf ...'gYaMumifYudk }}
[k qdkvdkufNyD;vQif qufíajymonfrSm ...
]] tJ'D oabFm 7 pif;udkwdkuf&atmif usKyfwdkYuvnf; ]] a&eef;pMumr[moabFmBuD; }} eJY
tajrmufpdefajymif;awGwifNyD; oabFmawmfBuD;vuf0Jbufu wdkufavSBuD; 70 ausmf? vuf,mu
wdkufavSBuD; 70 ausmfeJY oGm;Muw,f? 'DtcgrSm ...rif;w&m;BuD;udk,fwdkif a½SUajcmufwyf?
aemufajcmufwyf cif;Ny;D &wema½TazmifawmfeYJ oefvQupf eG ;f wdik af tmif xGuMf unfah wmfrw l ,f }}
]] oefvQupf eG ;f u &efuek o f efvQupf eG ;f vm; ... }}
]] [kwfw,f? 'Dwkef;u rif;w&m;BuD;u &efukefrSm pHaeawmfrlw,f? a&eef;pMum
oabFmawmfBuD;vnf; &efukefrSmyJ usKyfwdkYy&ifopfvlodkufeJY wnfaqmuf&wmaygY? oabFmay:rSm
AdkvfrSL;BuD; rif;vSrif;acgif OD;wGefeJY ('Dwkef;u rif;acgifaemf&xmbGJU r&ao;bl;) vufa½G;pif jrefrm
ol&Jaumif; 100 ausmf? tajrmufpdefajymif; typftcwfusifvnfwJY ukvm;jzLol&Jaumif;awG
tkyfcsKyf&wJY wyfrSL;av;aygY? rif;w&m;BuD;u oefvQufpGef;udk rSefajymif;eJYMunfhaewkef;yJ usKyfwdkY
oabFmBu;D eJY avSwyfBu;D oefvQib f ufu;l oGm;Ny;D oefvQio f abFmwyfuw kd ukd Mf uwmyJ }}
]] rif;w&m;Bu;D Munfw h ,fqw kd YJ rSeaf jymif;u b,fu&wJrY eS af jymif;vJ bk&mY }}
]] y&ifopfeYJ t*Fvyd af wGu qufxm;wJY rSeaf jymif;awGaygY? usKyu f ,
kd w f ikd q
f ufxm;wJY rSeaf jymif;
wvufawmif½Sdw,f? a½Tbkef;awmfaMumifY ukvm;jzLEdkifiHu tokH;taqmifawG tukefvdkvdk
pufawmfatmuf a&mufae&wmaygY }}
]] rSefyg wdkufykHudk trdefY½SdygOD; }}
]] oefvQifoabFmwyfrSm usKyfwdkYwyfvdkyJ eHab;u tulavSwyfawG? orÁmefawG½Sdw,f? NAKH;
qdk usKyfwdkYu0ifwdkufawmY bmajymaumif;rvJ? oabFm 7 pif;uaeNyD; tajrmufBuD;awGeJY ypfcs
vdkufMuwm usKyfwkdYbufu wcsKdUwdkufavSBuD;awG z½dkz&JjzpfNyD; uGJwJYavSuGJ? epfwJYavSepf?
&Jrufawmfom;awGvnf; trsm;Bu;D usomG ;w,f? usKyw f o Ykd abFmay:uvnf; tajrmufawGeYJ ypfBuyg&JU?
odkYayr,fY olwdkYu tm;aumif;awmY t&mrxifbl;? 'Dvdkjzpfaewkef; NAKH;ueJ AdkvfrSL;BuD; OD;wGef
a&eef;pMumoabFmay:uaeNy;D wdu k af vSwpif;ay:ul;? tJ'w D ukd af vSukd wvdik ;f oabFmBu;D em; ta&muf
tjyif;cwfcikd ;f oGm;w,f }}
]] OD;wGe&f UJ avSukd wvdik ;f oabFmay:u tajrmufeyYJ pfrcsMubl;vm; }}
]] [m ...bmajymaumif;rvJ ...xdef;ueJ xdef;ueJaewmaygY? taMumufqkdvdkY tEkjrLrS
r½Sb d ;l ? owÅad umif;ykaH wmY rajymeJaY wmY? wvdik ;f oabFmOD;udk xd;k uyfNy;D oabFmuausmufq;l BuKd ;udk
wcgwnf; twif;qGJwufwmyJ ...}}
]] odyf&JwmygyJvm; ...'DtaMumif; omrnavmufawmY Mum;zl;yg&JU? [kwfrS[kwfygYrvm;
vdYk ...atmufarYrw d ,f ...}}
]] r,krH ½Sed YJ ...usKyu f ,kd af wGUyg? usKyw f yYkd &ifopfvrl sK;d awG[m owÅrd mS urÇmucs;D rGr;f cH&wJY
vlawGyg? OD;wGev f yk yf jHk rifawmY tHMY ovdrYk qk;H jzpfaeMuw,f? tJ'v D kd ausmufq;l qGw J ufNy;D oabFmay:
a&mufawmY ... vufuygoGm;wJY vSHawG? "m;awGeJY oabFmom;awG twif;xdk;ckwf? wcsKdU a&xJ
uefcs vkyw f myJ? OD;wGef 'Dvv kd yk wf mjrifawmY usKyw f vYkd nf; oabFmBu;D udk OD;wGew f ufwYJ oabFmem;
ta&mufckwfarmif;NyD; oabFmcsif;,SOfwufMu&w,f? avSwyfuvnf; oabFm 7 pif;em;uyfNyD;
twif;a&m t"r®qkdovdk qGJiifwufMuwmyJ? 'Dvdk &J&J&ifY&ifYvkyfykHjrifwmeJY oabFm 7 pif;ay:u
ukvm;jzLawG vefjY zwf tHt Y m;oifNY y;D bmvky&f rSe;f rod? rifwufro d vdjk zpfaeNy;D aMumufaoG;rTeu f ek f
Muwm }}
]] aemufawmY b,fvdkjzpfoGm;ygovJ bk&m; }}
]] oabFm 7 pif;ay: twif;xdk;ckwfvkyfawmY ...oabFmom;ukvm;jzLawG aoolao?
a&xJckefcsolcs? aemufqkH; oabFm 7 pif;vkH;tukef&vdkufwmyJ? eHab;u tulavSwyfawGvnf;
vefYjzwf ajy;ukefMuw,f? tJ'DwdkufyGJrSm oabFmawGay:u tajrmufBuD; 80 ausmf? tajrmufi,f
w&mausm?f pdeaf jymif; w&mausm?f aoewf waxmifausm?f a½T w&mausm?f aiG ok;H &mausm?f aowÅm
av;&mausmfeJY 'DYjyif ukvm;jzLtokH;taqmif ud&d,mawG trsm;BuD;&vdkufwmaygY }}
xdo k aYkd jymaecduk f tcdik ;f tap rsupf jd ym A&if*sw D a,muf vifyef;Bu;D ESiYf rkerYf sK;d pk?H opfo;D rsK;d pkH
wdYk axG;jra½SUvmcsav&m cifopfu ol\Munfvifaomrsuv f ;Hk Bu;D rsm;jzifY axG;jrudv k rS ;f Munfw
h NYJ y;D
ar;uav;udk nifompGm txufodkYtm;,lvSKyfjyvsuf ...
]] okH;aqmifyg }}
[k ajymvdkufav\/
]] [JY ...vmpD? a&rsm; vufokwfy0grsm; ay;OD;av }}
[k aywvluajymvdkufrS ...vmpDqdkol A&if*sD tapcHvnf; aomufa&? vufaq;a&?
vufow k yf 0grsm; vmcsav\/ axG;jru cifopfEiS Yf aywvlukd wvSnphf v D rS ;f MunfNh y;D vQif ...
]] uJ ...Adkvfrif;wdkYaum okH;aqmifMuygOD; }}
[k ac:vdkuf&m ...
]] tdk ...pm;yg pm;yg ...ok;H aqmifyg? usKyw f u Ykd awmY tdro f m;yJ ...tm;emp&m r½Syd gbl;}}
[k ajymvdkufrS axG;jrvnf; ukvm;jzLEdkifiHjzpf rkefYtrsKd;rsKd;? ,dktrsKd;rsKd;ESifY opfoD;rsm;udk
cifopfa½SUwGif [efrysuaf tmifpm;um a&aomuf? vufaq;Ny;D ppfa&;ppf&mrsm;udk qufvuf ar;jref;&if;
vufokwfy0gESifY okwfvsuf½Sdav\/ tcsdefrSm nae y[dk&f 4 csufwD; (,cknae 6 em&D) jzpfí
rD;ñSxd eG ;f Muav\/
]] uReaf wmfu Y kd jyefciG jYf yKawmfryl gOD; ...}}
]] tdk ...jznf;jznf;aygY? nvnf;'DrSm bmudpörS r½Sdbl;? aeEdkifygw,f }}
]] nbuf wdkufpdk;BuD;qD pmwuf&ygao;w,f }}
]] aMomf . ..aMomf ...'D v d k v m;? 'gjzif Y j yef w maygY a v? aemuf rMumrMumvnf ;
tvnfvmcJaY emf...usKyw f uYkd y&ifopfpum;wwfwv YJ u l akd wmY ud, k aYf qG&if;rsK;d csmvdk atmufarYwm}}
]] rSefyg tm;wJYtcg vmEdkifygvdrfYr,fbk&m; }}
axG;jronf cifopfEiS Yf aywvlukd ESKwq f ufMunfMh unfNh y;D xvmcJaY v\/
tcef; ( 4 )
aywvlu rnfonft h wGuaf c:iifawGUqkaH Mumif; [laom wku d pf ;kd Bu;D \ar;cGe;f udk rlv yxr
O,smOfxJwGif cifopfESifY jyifopfvdkajymqdkcJYykHrSpí rdrdESifY aywvl rnfodkYrnfykH ar;jref;ajymqkdcJYykH
txd rSefuefonfhtwdkif; axG;jruajymjyvdkuf&m? wdkufpdk;BuD;rSm rdrd\wynfhtwGuf rdwfopfwOD;
wd;k vmojzifY tm;&0rf;omjzpfomG ;av\/
axG;jronf xdak eYrpS í 4 &ufjcm; 5 &ufjcm;qdo k vdk rjywfrjywf cifopfwt Ykd rd f tvnftywf
a&mufc&YJ m aywvlwt Ykd rd o
f m;tm;vk;H uyif jyifopfpum;ajymwwfonft h wGuf MunfjzLESpo f ufvsuf
½SMd uav\/
od&Yk mwGif cifopfum; ar;xl;ac:ajym? azmfa½Gonfajym&½krH Q £aÈo ´ u
d m© rysuf aexdik cf o
YJ jzifY
tuRrf;w0if &ifESD;cifrifjcif;rjzpfcJYay? aywvlrSm jyifopftppfjzpfí tdrfom;tm;vkH;rSmvnf;
jyifopfaoG;ygol jyifopftEG,rf sm; jzpfMuapumrl jrefrmpum; jrefrmpmayudk 0goemygum ajymqdk
jyKro l ;Hk pGaJ eMu&m cifopftwGuu f m; omíyifx;l jcm;vsuf axG;jra½SUwGif jyifopfvakd jym&rnfuykd if
½Suaf ecJaY v\/
aywvl\ZeD; Adv k u f awmf cifrvd wfEiS Yf cifopf\armif zdvpfac: ay:opfwrYkd l pum;rsm;pGm
rajymwwfMu? cyfat;at;ESiYf olwyg;ajymonfuo kd m em;axmifaeavY½MdS uay\/
aywvlu rnfonft h wGuaf c:iifawGUqkaH Mumif; [laom wku d pf ;kd Bu;D \ar;cGe;f udk rlv yxr
O,smOfxJwGif cifopfESifY jyifopfvdkajymqdkcJYykHrSpí rdrdESifY aywvl rnfodkYrnfykH ar;jref;ajymqkdcJYykH
txd rSefuefonfhtwdkif; axG;jruajymjyvdkuf&m? wdkufpdk;BuD;rSm rdrd\wynfhtwGuf rdwfopfwOD;
wd;k vmojzifY tm;&0rf;omjzpfomG ;av\/
axG;jronf xdak eYrpS í 4 &ufjcm; 5 &ufjcm;qdo k vdk rjywfrjywf cifopfwt Ykd rd f tvnftywf
a&mufc&YJ m aywvlwt Ykd rd o
f m;tm;vk;H uyif jyifopfpum;ajymwwfonft h wGuf MunfjzLESpo f ufvsuf
½SMd uav\/
od&Yk mwGif cifopfum; ar;xl;ac:ajym? azmfa½Gonfajym&½krH Q £aÈo ´ u
d m© rysuf aexdik cf o
YJ jzifY
tuRrf;w0if &ifESD;cifrifjcif;rjzpfcJYay? aywvlrSm jyifopftppfjzpfí tdrfom;tm;vkH;rSmvnf;
jyifopfaoG;ygol jyifopftEG,rf sm; jzpfMuapumrl jrefrmpum; jrefrmpmayudk 0goemygum ajymqdk
jyKro l ;Hk pGaJ eMu&m cifopftwGuu f m; omíyifx;l jcm;vsuf axG;jra½SUwGif jyifopfvakd jym&rnfuykd if
½Suaf ecJaY v\/
aywvl\ZeD; Adv k u f awmf cifrvd wfEiS Yf cifopf\armif zdvpfac: ay:opfwrYkd l pum;rsm;pGm
rajymwwfMu? cyfat;at;ESiYf olwyg;ajymonfuo kd m em;axmifaeavY½MdS uay\/
aywvlrmS jrefrmpmudk rif;vuf0o J Ek &´ (,ck rif;vuf0aJ emf&xm) xHwiG f twefMumatmif
oifcJYzl;onfhtjyif aemifawmfBuD;rif;w&m; (wy,if;rif;w&m;) vufxuf omoemydkifjzpfaom
awmif w G i f ; ausmf q&mawmf c if B uD ; aysmf a c: OmPvuF m & r[m&mZ*k ½ k q&mawmf b k & m;
ausmif;odkYvnf; twefi,foGm;a&mufcpm;&if; qnf;yl;cJYojzifY toifYtwifYa&;EdkifzwfEdkif½Sdum
rdrt d vky0f wÅ&m;ESiYf ywfoufaompmayrsm; em;vnfuRr;f usicf aYJ v\/
waeYoü axG;jronf aywvlwdkYtdrfom;wpkESiYf pum;ajymaepOf aywvlu axG;jr\
pmayoifMum;a&;udak r;jref;&m pum;pyfNy;D jrefrmpmaytaMumif;ajymqd&k m? axG;jrvnf; rdro d o d rQ
jrefrmpmay\tajctae tqDtESprf sm;udk ajymjyav\/
]] aMomf ...'gxuf vufxyfr*Fvm&wkrsm; a&;wwfovm; }}
]] rSefyg toifYtwifYawmY a&;Edkifygw,f }}
]] usKyfwynfh wyfrSL;wa,muf vufxyfr*Fvmvkyfr,fvdkY? tJ'g rif;vuf0Jaemf&xmqDu
r*Fvm&wkwyk'fawmif;ay;yg ajymaew,f? q&mYqDvnf;roGm;csifbl;? armifaxG;jr a&;wwf&if
a&;cJpY rf;yg }}
]] Adv
k rf if;wynfh wyfrLS ;u jrefrmvm; ...}}
]] r[kwb f ;l ? ebufA&if*sED , G f ukvm;jzLyJ? odaYk yr,fY olu jrefrmor®m'd|jd zpfaew,f? 'gaMumifY
jrefrmqefqef or®'|d x d ;Hk pHtwdik ;f r*FvmaqmifrmS }}
(&mZ0ifrSwfcsuf / / Ak'b
¨ momudk a½S;tcgu or®m'd|[
d k ac:\/ Ak'm¨ bmom[laom a0g[m&rSm &wemyl& pwkwN¦ rKd Uwnf
bBuD;awmfbk&m;vufxuf q&m,k'oefac: a'gufwm*syfqif a&mufvmrS ay:aygufvmaMumif; ynm½SdwdkYrdefYMu\/)
]] rSeyf g a&;wwforQ a&;cJyY gYr,f }}

[k ajymjy;D vQif owdo Yk m; owdo Yk rD;wd\
Yk taMumif;t&m tx¬KywÅrd sm; ar;jref;um pma&;&ef
yk&ydkufESifY uefYulqefrsm;awmif;í xdkif&mrxa&;NyD; aywvltm;ay;vdkufay\/ aywvlonf
twefi,fzwfMunfNh y;D ...
]] tif; ...tjrefom;yJ? usKyu f &wkukd aumif;aumif;em;rvnfygbl;? zwfro YJ u
l em;cHawmfBu;D yJ
zwfwwfygvdrrYf ,f }}
[k ajymí tjcm;pum;rsm; qufvufajymqdkav&m ...axG;jrvnf;twefMum a&maESm
ajymqduk m ae0ifvo k nfEiS Yf tdrjf yefvmcJaY v\/
xdak eYrS 5 &ufajrmufaomaeYwiG f axG;jronf aywvlwt Ykd rd o
f mG ;&m ...
]] [m ...armifaxG;jr vm vm? ckyJ armifaxG;jrtaMumif; ajymaeao;w,f? waeUu
r*FvmaqmifrSm armifaxG;jrudk rzdwfvdkufrdbl;? &wkjzifY odyfcsD;rGrf;MuwmyJ? q&mudk,fwdkif
(rif;vuf0Jaemf&xmudkqdkvdk\) awmif tawmfoabmusoGm;w,f? a&;wJYvlrnHhbl;? ynm½Sif
wOD;yJw.YJ ..}}
axG;jru rdrdtm;csD;rGrf;onfhtwGuf vdkvm;ESpfoufaomtrlt&mrsKd;rjyyJ £aÈ´rysuf
rsuEf mS xm;wnfwnfjzifyY if ...
]] tuJ&Y UJ vGw&f if aus;Zl;wifwmygyJ Adv k rf if; }}
[k ajymvdu k af v\/ cifopfu axG;jrtm; cs;D rGr;f aomtrlt&mjzifMY unf½h KS um ...
]] udkaxG;jr jrefrmpm 'gavmufawmfrSef; e*dkurodbl; }}
[k ajymvdkuf&m? axG;jruNyKH;í ...
]] odyfa`rSmufvdkY aumif;uifbkHa&mufoGm;ygYr,f rm&D&,f }}
[k jyifopfvakd jymvdu k o
f jzifY rm&D (cifopf) rSm ½Suo f vdvk kd rsuEf mS rsK;d jzpfomG ;av\/
xdktcdkuf tdrfay:odkY MuG,f0wufvm&m ...cifopfvnf; ae&mrSxom jymjymovJ
ae&mxdik cf if;ay;vsuf uGr;f aq; vufbufrsm; wnfum ...tvGew f &mta&;,laom trlt&mjzifY
&if;ES;D azmfa½GpmG NyK;H NyK;H &D&D ajymqdv
k su½f adS v\/
]] aMomf ...udak xG;jrygvm;? Adv k rf if;eJY odaeMuyud;k ...}}
[k Mu, G 0f u tHt Y m;oifpY mG ESKwq f ufvu kd &f m ...axG;jrvnf; cyfNyK;H NyK;H vkyí f ...
]] [kwfuJY }}
[k qdkvdkufav\/
axG;jrrSm ukvm;jzLrsm;\tjypfukd wpfwpfccG aG jymcJzY ;l ojzifv Y nf;aumif;? cifopfu Mu, G 0f tm;
rdrdxuftqaygif;rsm;pGm ydkrdkta&;,lonfudkjrif&ojzifYvnf;aumif; MuG,f0a½SUwGif rsufESmxm;
ysuu f m ½Sut f rf;trf; jzpfaeav\/
Mu, G 0f pdwx f w J iG v
f nf; ...axG;jrtwGuf rawG;wwfatmifjzpfum...
]] olb,fwek ;f ursm; 'Dtrd Ef iS Yf &if;ES;D vdu k yf gvdrrYf vJ? ukvm;pum;awGrsm;ajymNy;D ta&ma&m
taESmaESmvkyfaevdkufwm? w,fvmwJYolyJ? yg;pyfajymuawmY ukvm;jzLudk olUavmufrkef;wJYoludk
r½Sod avmufyJ }} [k pOf;pm;&if; remvdpk w d ?f jiLplpw d rf sK;d jzpfrad v\/
cifopfum; ...axG;jrudkvkH;0 ta&;r,lawmYyJ? MuG,f0ESifYom pum;a&mazma&m
ajymqdv k su½f cdS &YJ m aywvlwYkd ZeD;armifEEHS iS Yf ]]zdvpf}} ac: ay:opfvnf; wcsucf suw f iG f 0ifa&mufpu G zf uf
ajymqdkvsuf axG;jrtwGufrl pum;ajymbufr½Sdovdkjzpfae&mum; t½Sufajy twefi,faeNyD;
ESKwq f ufxu G v f mcJaY v\/
tdrfom;rsm;ESifY MuG,f0vnf; ...axG;jrESKwfqufonfudkyif jyefvSefESKwfqufazmfr&yJ
4if;wdzYk momtajymrysuf qlyu G af e&pfcaYJ v&m? axG;jrvnf; pdwt f ysuBf u;D ysuu f m? ½Suv f nf;½Su?f
rsuEf mS vnf;i,f? Mu, G 0f twGuf tdro f m;wpkw&Ykd ufpufyu Hk kd pdwyf su0f rf;enf;pGm awG;awmvmcJaY v\/
]] awmfNyD awmfNyD? 'Dukvm;jzLawG[m tifrwefvlyg;0w,f? MuG,f0qdkwJYaumifuvnf;
tacsmifydk;ae&vdkY tvum;ae&if; aoG;BuD;arG;BuD;jzpfaew,f }} ponfjzifY MuG,f0ESifY aywvl
tdro f m;wdt Yk ay:wGif pdwef mvdrYk qk;H jzpfaeav\/
axG;jronf xdkaeYrSpí MuG,f0xHvnf;roGm;? aywvlwdkYtdrfvnf;roGm;bJ jzwfxm;cJY&m
q,f&ufausmfrQ MumcJYav\/
waeYaomeHeufcif;wGif wdkufpdk;BuD;xHü npmwuftNyD; tdrfa½SUrefusnf;yifBuD;atmufü
[dak vQmuf'aD vQmufvyk af epOf cifopfwt Ykd rd u
f tapcHA&if*sw D a,muf aygufvmum ...
]] 'DuaeYnae Adv k rf if;u tdrcf P<ucJyY gOD;wJY ... }}
]] bmudpö½SdvdkYvJ rtm;bl;uG }}
]] udpaö wmY uReaf wmfem;rvnfb;l ? cPjzpfjzpf MucG yYJ gAsm? r& &atmifrmS cJv Y Ykd ajymvdu
k wf mbJ}}
]] at; tm;&ifvmcJYr,f ajymvdkufuG,f? {uefawmY rajymEdkifbl; }}
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awGa0aeNyD;rS ]] [,f ...naerS awmfovdkMunfhvkyfr,f ...}} [k oEdé|mefcsvdkufav\/
naeonfum; a&mufvmcJaY vNy?D cifopf\ cspcf sipf zG,f NyK;H &,fajymqdak om rsuEf mS xm;? trlt&m
uav;rsm;onf axG;jr\raem"mwfudk ewfy;l ovdk uyfELS ;aebdouJo Y Ykd xifjrif&av\/
axG;jrvnf; t0wfrsm;vJum xGuv f mcJaY v\/ tdrt f wGi;f cef;rBu;D 0,f aywvl ZeD;armifEEHS iS Yf
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]] a[m ...vmNyD? b,fYES,f b,fqDrsm;oGm;aevdkY 'gavmuf aysmufae&wmvJ }}
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]] rtm;wmeJY rvmbJaewmygyJ? b,frSroGm;ygbl;bk&m; }}
]] rm&D ...waeYua&mufvmwJY y&ifopf,rkd ek aYf wG ,lcyYJ guG,f }}
]] rm&D }} ac: cifopfonf xdik &f mrSxum jyifopf,rkd ek rYf sm;,liifNy;D axG;jra½SUwGif vmcsav\/
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]] aMomf ... 'gxuf cifu armifaxG;jrqDrmS jrefrmpmoifcsiv f w Ykd ?YJ tcsed wf csed f 'Duv
kd mNy;D
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]] jref r mpmoif a y;&atmif uRef a wmf r S bmwwf v d k Y v J Ad k v f r if ; &J U ? a½T N rKd U awmf r S m
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]] 'gu'Dvdkygav? ynm½SdawGaygwmvnf;rSefwmaygY? odkYayr,fY armifaxG;jru y&ifopfvdk
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oifxm;&wmuvm; }}
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axG;jrrSm trSet f m;jzifY cifopfukd jyifopf0wfEiS Yf O,smOfxw J iG f jrifuwnf;u cspcf sio f vdvk ?kd
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ay:aygufvmvdrrYf nfum; rxifcrYJ ad y/
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cef;rBuD;wGifvnf;aumif;?tdrfom;wa,mufrQrawGU&bJ vloHoloHrsm;vnf;wdwfqdwfum
toufr½Sad omtdrBf u;D uJo Y Ykd jzpfaeonfuakd wGU&ojzifY twefi,fpw d yf suo f mG ;rdav\/ axG;jronf
qif0ifcef;ukvm;xdik af y:wGix f ikd u
f m rSKd iaf wGcsaepOf ...
]] aMomf ...udkaxG;jr a&mufvmrSudk; ...}}
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tm;&0rf;omjzpfomG ;rdav\/
]] tdrfom;wa,mufrS rawGU&vdkY b,foGm;ukefovJY atmufarYaewm }}
]] armifBu;D u eef;awmfomG ;&w,fav? ay:opfuvnf; wyfrawmftrSKxrf;qif;&w,f? tdrrf mS
rreJY uRefr½SdwmaygY? aemufaz; O,smOfxJqif;aewkef;rdkY rawGUwmyg? vmpDwdkYvlodkufuvnf;
tdyaf eMuw,fxifyg&JU }}
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]] uJ ...pmoifzv Ykd mwmr[kwv f m;? pmoifcef;oGm;Mu&atmif }}
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xuf0ufcefaY vmuf us,0f ef;aomtcef;wckukd 0ifomG ;&av\/
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jyifopfbmom puúLpmtkyrf sm;ESiYf pmayyk&ydu k rf sm; xm;½So d nfukd awGU&av\/
cifrv d wfEiS Yf cifopfonf jyLwif;wHcg;rsm;udzk iG u Yf m tapcHA&if*sD vmpDuakd c:í ae&mxdik cf if;
jyifqifcif;usi;f aeMuav\/
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pmMunfch ef;yJ ...}}
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tuJcwf&if; jyLwif;0em;rS rwfwwf&yfMunfhae&m ...tcef;rSm q,fawmifywfvnfcefY
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awGUjrif&av\/
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]] ESKwef zJY wf½zHk wfwwfwm? t"dygÜ ,frodb;l ...}}
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]] jrefrmpmrSm pum;ajyeJY uAsmvdkY ESpfrsKd;½SdwJYteuf pum;ajyqdkwm b,fvdka&;&r,fvdkY
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]] uAsmrSmawmY wxpfcsrw S zf Ykd pnf;urf;Oya'½Sw d ,f? uAsmrSmvJ {csi;f wJY ysKUd wJY armfueG ;f wJY
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yxrqk;H jyr,f }}
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kd &f m
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]] aMomf ...Adv k rf if; jyefMuv G mrSu;kd ...}}
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57 c½kdifvkH;udk wdkufodrf;atmifjrifNyD;jyefvmMuw,fr[kwfvm;? tck Zif;r,frSm olykefxaejyefNyD?
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]] uJ ...&wkujkd yMupdUk ...}}
]] yk&yduk ef YJ uefu Y q
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]] tJ'Dpm 3 aMumif;udk &atmifusufxm;&r,f? 'g[m vuFma&;enf; oHaygufyJ }}
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]] tpeJY tv,fydk'fawGuawmY 4 vkH;csnf;yJvm;q&m }}
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]] toHwl towfwlqdkwm bmvJq&m }}
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rsuv f ;Hk csi;f qko H mG ;Muav\/
]] toHwlqdkwmu zdk; csKd; udk; ysKd; qkd;? Oyrm zkd;xif? ysKd;yif? rdk;½Sif? udk;cGif? aiG½Sd? a½Ttd? awrd?
aerd? arCd qdw k mrsK;d awGaygY? towfwq l w kd mu w owfcsi;f ? y owfcsi;f ? r owfcsi;f ? e owfcsi;f ?
vkH;BuD;wifcsif;? n owfcsif; wl&r,f? Oyrm ...w owfeJY y owfqdk toHwlw,f? odkYayr,fY
towfcsi;f rwlvYkd rpyf&bl; rpyfaumif;bl;l ? ykpH jH y&&if ]]rd;k ewf}} eJY ]]ud;k &yf}} qdyk gawmY? rd;k ewfu ewfeYJ
ud;k &yfu &yf[m ]]ewf-&yf}} toHawmYww l ,f? 'gaywJY w owfeYJ y owfjzpfaevdYk rpyf&bl;? 'Djyif r
owfeJY e owf? vkH;BuD;wifeJY n owfawGrSmvnf; 'Dtwdkif;yJ? oabmus&JUvm; }}
cifopfu ESKwjf zifrY ajymyJ acgif;Nird jYf yvdu k af v\/
axG;jronf cifopfxHrSyk&ydkufudk wzefawmif;,lí &wkwyk'fudka&;um em;vnf&ef
trSwftom;vu©Pmrsm;jyí atmufbufuvnf; rSwfcsuft"dyÜg,frsm;a&;NyD; yk&ydkufudk
xd;k ay;vdu k uf m ...
]] a[m'D &wkzwfMunfph rf;? awmifib l &k if ewf½iS af emifa&;wJY rd;k bGUJ &wkpmawmf ...}}
[k ajymjyvdkufav\/
cifopfu yk&ydu k u
f q
kd ,
JG zl wfMunfv h u kd &f m ...
]] qGwyf sUH zG,af tmif
,k*efacgifu
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aEGaESmif;vudk
Ncrd rYf QoaH o;
&if½Y al Mu;G u
eD;a0;ygwfu;Hk
wdik ;f tvk;H 0,f
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abmfenf;olwYkd
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rxGef;aejcnf &DawmYonf/ / }}
[laom rdk;bGJU&wkESifYwuG ]] qGwfysHUzG,fatmif? ,k*efacgifu? a0arSmiftkHYys }} ponfjzifY y
qkH;? 'k w? w 'kjyESifY udkufnDatmif pmvkH;atmufrsOf;om;um trSwfvu©Pmjyxm;onfudk
awGU&av\/
axG;jru ud, k uf tkd enf;i,f aemufo[ Ykd efvv JT u kd Nf y;D aemuf ...
]] tJ'&D wkrmS Munf?h ]]qGwyf sUH zG,af tmif}} qdw k muwyd'k yf ?J pmvk;H a&Munfh 4 vk;H ½Sw d ,f? [kwpf aemf
... tJ'D qGwfysHUzG,fatmif qdkwJY yxrydk'f&JU tqkH;pmvkH;[mb,folvJ qdkprf; }}
[k ar;vdu k &f m cifopfu axG;jrudk armfMunfw h NYJ y;D rS ...yk&ydu k af y:wGif vufñKS ;d uav;ESiYf
axmufNy;D ...
]] atmif ...}}
[k ajymvdkufav\/
]] tJ ... [kwfw,f? ]]atmif}} qdkwJY pmvkH;rSwfxm;aemf? 'kwd,ydk'fu b,folvJ }}
]] ,k*efacgifu aygYq&m }}
]] tJ'D ,k*efacgifu qdkwJY'kwd,ydk'frSm wwd,pmvkH;[m b,folvJ }}
]] acgif ...}}
]] tJ ... [kwfNyD? wwd,ydk'fudkajymOD; }}
]] a0arSmiftUHk ys }}
]] tJ'D wwd,ydk'fu 'kwd,pmvkH;[m b,folvJ ...}}
]] arSmif ...}}
]] tJ [kwNf yD [kwNf y?D yxryd'k u f tqk;H vk;H ? 'kw, d yd'k u f wwd,vk;H ? wwd,yd'k u f 'kw,
d vk;H ?
'D 3 rsKd; tm;vkH;aygif;vdkufprf; }}
]] b,fYES,fvkyf aygif;&rSmvJq&m }}
]] tdk ... cufaeygNy?D aygif;½krH S raygif;wwfb;l vm;? b,fEY , S af ygif;aygif;aygY }}
]] atmif acgif arSmif aygY rm&D&JU ...tvG,fuav;yJ }}
[k aywvlu xdik &f ifatmfajymvdu k &f m ...axG;jru ...
]] a[m ...Adv k rf if;u aygif;jyaeNy?D 'Dtwdik ;f aygY }}
[k ajymjyvdu k rf S ...cifopfu oGm;uav;ay:atmifNyK;H í ...
]] aMomf ... 'Dvdkudk;? uRefru b,fvdkaygif;&rSef; rodvdkY }}
[k ajymvdkufav\/
]] uJ ...y qkH;? 'k w? w'kjyeYJ rukdufvm; }}
]] udkufygw,fq&m? 'gawmY[kwfygNyD? a½SUtydk'fawG b,fYES,fvkyfoGm;rvJ }}
[k cifopfu jyefar;vdu k af v\/
]] tJ'D ckwifu wwd,yd'k u f kd yxryd'k v f yk Nf y;D y qk;H ? 'k w? w 'kjyeJY udu
k af tmif,o l mG ;&r,f?
uJ udu k Mf unfMh uOD;pd?Yk wwd,yd'k b f ,fov l J .. ]]a0arSmiftyYHk s}} r[kwv f m;? tqk;H tvk;H ,l b,fov l J
]]ys}} aygY? a½SUqufoGm; ]]aEGaESmif;vudk}} tJ'g 'kwd,ydk'fyJ? tJ'D 'kwd,ydk'fu wwd,vkH;Munfh ]]v}}
yJr[kwfvm;? wwd,ydk'f b,folvJ ...]]NcdrfYrQoHao;}} aygY? tJ'Du 'kwd,vkH;Munfh ]]rQ}} udkawGY
vdrfYr,f? aygif;vdkufprf;? ys o rQ wlw,fr[kwfvm;? a½SUudk 'Dtwdkif; awmufavQmufoGm;aygY?
em;vnfNyv D m; ...}}
]] vnfygNyDq&m }}
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kd uf m...
]] 'DuaeY awmfavmufygNyD xifyg&JUq&m? q&mvnf; awmfawmfarmoGm;ygNyD }}
[k ajymvdkufrS axG;jru ...
]] tif; ... [kwfyg&JU? 'DuaeY awmfavmufygNyD }}
[k ajymNy;D vQif ae&mrSx&efjyifav\/
]]jyykH ody½f iS ;f wmyJ? 'grSem;rvnf&if tifrwef OmPfxikd ;f vdyYk J }}
[k aywvlu 0ifajymvkdufav\/ xdkYaemuf 3 a,mufom; xvmMuum twGif;cef;rBuD;
twGi;f ü axG;jrtm; rke?Yf ,d?k opfo;D rsK;d pkw H jYkd zifY tvQt H y,f {nfch aH uR;arG;av\/
]] aMomf ...'gxuf Adkvfrif;? b,fawmYavmuf uRefawmfYudk ppftwwfoifay;rvJ }}
]] armifaxG;jr oifcsiw f t YJ csed f oifEikd yf gw,f ...eufjzefupNy;D qif;cJyY gvm; }}
]] pmw0gawmYzsu&f rSmyJ? udprö ½Syd gbl;av ...zsuyf gYr,f }}
]] pm'Davmufwwf awmfa&maygY? a,mufsm;qdkwm ppftwwfwwfrS a,mufsm;yDowm }}
[k aywvlu tm;ay;pum;ajymvdkufav\/ xdkYaemuf tenf;i,fpum;qufvuf
ajymqdNk y;D vQif axG;jr jyefvmcJaY v\/
tcef; ( 5 )
axG;jronf xkdaeYnwGif wdkufpdk;BuD;xHuyfí ... ukvm;Adkvf aywvlxHwGif eHeufwdkif;
ppftwwfoif,zl Ykd ajymqdak pYpyfvmcJaY Mumif; cGiaYf wmif;onho f abmajymjyvdu k &f m wduk pf ;kd Mu;D vnf;
i,fpOfu ud, k wf idk f wyfrawmfwiG f 0ifa&muftrSKxrf;zl;oljzpfí MunfompGm cGijYf yKvu kd af v\/
odjYk zpfí axG;jronf aemufwaeYeeH ufcif;wGif aywvlwpYkd pfa&;jy&m aoe*FAsL[mwvif;odYk
qif;vmcJYav\/ aywvlonf axG;jrtm; &Jrufwyfom;wdkYay;aom t0wfwpkHudkay;um vJvS,f
0wfqifapNyD;vQif "m;udkifykH? vSHudkifykH? aoewfudkifykH? jrif;pD;ykHrSpí...ckwfykH? xdk;ykH? ypfcwfykHrsm;ESifY
wuG b,fajcnmajc MuGykH? vSrf;ykH? csDwufykHrsm; jyoav&m? axG;jrrSm aywvlxifovdk em;? rsufpd
ra0;vSyJ odv, G ?f em;vnfv, G f jzpfaeojzifY ...aywvlyif tHt Y m;oifo
Y mG ;av\/
taMumif;rlum; aywvl\pdww f iG f pmayynmOmPfü 0goemxku H m vku d pf m;avYusuf vmol
jzpfí vuf½;Hk &nfqikd &f m ppfbufwiG f em;?rsupf ad 0;vdrrYf nf[k ,kMH unfxifrw S v f mcJaY omaMumifw Y nf;/
axG;jronfxakd eYupí Oykoaf eYuckd sev f yS Nf y;D vQif eHeufwikd ;f ppfwvif;qif;umppfynmoifMum;vsu?f
aeYcif;bufwiG f cifopftm; jrefrmpmoGm;a&mufjyo&m ...wvrQMumaomtcg rdrv d nf; ppfynm
tenfi,fwwfí cifopfvnf; jrefrmpmtawmftwef acgufrpd jyKcaYJ v\/
axG;jronf pmoifjy&onfhtcgrSpí naebufwGif cifopfwdkYtdrfbufodkY roGm;awmYbJ
tjcm;ae&mrsm;odkYom oGm;a&muf pBuFavQmufcJYav\/
axG;jronf cifopf\taMumif;udk tdrf½SdtapcHrsm;ESifY Adkvfuawmf cifrdvwfwdkYxH pkHprf;
Munfch &YJ m ...cifopf\rdcif jyifopfrBu;D rSm tavmif;rif;w&m; oefvQiw f u kd pf Of ... oefvQiNf rKUd ae
jyifopfvrl sK;d wd\ Yk tBu;D tuJ ud, k pf m;vS,jf zpfol arm½Sm Al&Ef kd ( M. Bourno ) ESiYf &if;ES;D cifrifojl zpfí
Al&fEdk &mZ0wfoifYítowfcH&aomtcg Al&fEdk\ tzdk;xdkuftzdk;wef a½T aiG pdef ausmuf
paomypönf;rsm;udk &vdkufaMumif;? 4if;ypönf;rsm;udk jyifopfrBuD;qkH;aomtcg cifopfESifY ay:opf
armifESrESpfa,muf tarG&vdkufaMumif;? cifopfbcifrSm jrefrmvlrsKd;jzpfí cifopf tcgv,forD;
(wESpo f rD;)? ay:opfukd rsuEf mS rjrifao;rDyif qk;H oGm;aMumif;? cifopfEiS Yf ay:opfukd aywvlu ESrESiYf
nDjzpfapumrl ...om;orD;tjzpfrsK;d oabmydu k Nf y;D tarGpm;tarGcH jyKvyk x f m;&m aywvlwiG v f nf;
om;orD;rxGe;f um;ojzifY om;&if;? orD;&if;wrQ cifrifMuifemaMumif;rsm; pkpH rf;od½&dS av\/
xdpk pHk rf;od½&dS aomtcsurf sm;rSm [kw?f r[kwf wyftyfaocsmrod&apumrl aywvlu cifopfwYkd
armifESrtay: om;&if;? orD;&if;wrQ ta&;,ljcif;? cspfcifMuifemjcif;rsm;ESifY cifopf udk,fwGif
0wfqifxm;aom ykw;D ? em;awmif;? vufaumuf? vufpyG f ponfh tzd;k xdu k f tzd;k wef a½T? jr? eDvm?
ywÅjrm;? pdef? ausmuf&wem tqifwefqmrsm;udkrl rdrdrsufpdESifY yufyif;awGUae&ojzifY
aywvlucspjf cif;ESiYf cifopfwiG f ypön;f ½Sjd cif;twGuu f m; ,krH mS ;uif;vsu½f adS v\/
aywvlrSm ukvm;jzLjyifopfwdkY\ xkH;pHtwdkif; ]] rdef;rrsm;onfvnf; a,mufsm;rsm;ESifYrjcm;
vGwv f yfpmG oGm;vmaexdik cf iG ½Yf x dS ukd \f }} [laom0g't& ESrysKw d OD;tay:ü jrefrmrde;f rysKu d av;rsm;
uJYodkY tysKdyDyD £aÈ´&& a,mufsm;ysKdrsm;ESifY a&m>yrf;,Suf0ifr½Sdap&ef [laom qkH;rcsufrsKd;rxm;bJ
rdru
d yiftm;ay;onft h aejzifY a,mufsm;ysKu d mvom;rsm;ESirYf w d q f ufay;um ...vGwv f w G v
f yfvyf
ajymqkad exdik af pcJaY v\/
odkYjzpfí pmoifaepOf ...yxrw&uf ESpf&ufom aywvlESifYtdrfom;tcsKdU tcef;0wGif
vma&mufapmifaY ½Smufovdk Munf½h KS aeMuaomfvnf; aemuf&ufrsm;ü rnforl QrvmbJ ESpaf ,mufxJ
vTwx f m;jcif;twGuf tHMY oae&ef tjypfqakd e&ef r½Sad wmYay/
taMumif ; rl u m; uk v m;jzLwd k Y \ 0g't& xd k r Qavmuf t a&;rsKd ; ud k tav;rjyKMu
aomaMumifw Y nf;/ od&Yk mwGif axG;jrum; q&myDyD wnfMunfcefn Y m;pGm wpkw H &m trlt&mrysuaf pbJ
£aÈ´½Sd½Sd orm"dwnfwnfESifY jyocJYav&m ...cifopfvnf; ,cifO,smOfwGif;u tjzpftysufudk
arYavsmu Y m rdr\ d q&mwa,muf[al omtaejzifY ½dak oav;pm;jcif;ESiw Yf uG ,kMH unfpw d cf s MunfnKd um
tvGew f &m ½d½k akd oao½Scd aYJ v\/
pmjyí 2 vcef½Y adS omtcg cifopfu ydwt f yk w f tky?f ouúvyfeND cKx H nfwck? ouúvyfprd ;f 25
awmif? jyifopfjynfjzpfrD;tdrfwvkH;? rSefBuD;wcsyf axG;jrtm; uefawmYí aywvlu ukvm;jzLudkif
"m;wpif;qkcsav&m ...axG;jruvnf; ppfynmoifay;onft h wGuf aywvlukd yd;k ykq;kd wxnfEiS Yf
jrefrm0wftusw Ð xnf uefawmYcaYJ v\/
,cktcg cifopfrSm rdrdudk,fwdkif uAsmvuFm rpDukH;Edkifao;apumrl a&;enf;om;enf;?
pDu;Hk enf;rsm;udu k m; em;vnfvmcJaY v\/ odjYk zpfí ...pum;ajya&;enf;udk ajymif;vJjyoum &Hzef&cH g
tcsKUd ysKUd &wkrsm;\ cufqpft"dygÜ ,fEiS Yf jrefrmpum;rsm;\ rlv&if;jrpftcsKUd udk t"dygÜ ,f tus,w f 0ifY
ajymjy&av\/ þodkY aeYpOfESifYtrQ wdwfqdwfNidrfoufaomtcef;twGif;0,f ESpfa,mufcsif;
aMumufjcif; vefjY cif;r½S?d ajymydik q f ykd ikd f ydik yf ikd Ef ikd Ef ikd f q&mESiw Yf ynft
h jzpfrsK;d aexdik cf MYJ u&m ...wcgwcg
pmjyvQif 2 armif;cGJ (,ck wem&DESifYnDrQ\) 3 armif;cefYMum&um; ...wOD;ESifYwOD; &if;&if;ESD;ESD;
vufyGef;wwnf;jzpfum ta&mw0if cifcifrifrif ½SdcJYMuav\/ odkY&mwGif tuRrf;w0ifjzpfonf[k
ajym&½krH w S yg; xl;jcm;aom trlt&m t&dyt f jcnf r½S½d rHk Qru? axG;jrtay:wGif cifopfu waeYwjcm;
½dak ojcif;ydrk akd ecJaY v\/
axG;jrrSm cifopftay:ü txufausmu f m&D? [d, k cif O,smOfxw J iG jf rifuwnf;u rsupf u d sum
pGv
J rf;ovdv k jkd zpfvmcJ&Y m ...xdaYk emuf uefawmfBu;D wGi;f jrefrm0wfEiS Yf yxrtBurd f awGUpOfuvnf;
cifrifMuifemjcif;\ t&dyt f a&mifrsm; ajy;vTm;jzwfoef;vsuf ,ckwzef aeYpOf&ufquf rjrifcsit f qk;H ?
q&mwdkYbkef; rdk;odkYcsKef; qdkovdk tm;&yg;& tem;uwz0g;ruGm Munfhae&ojzifY waeYxufwaeY
]]tysKad iGU}} [yfum tcsp"f mwf\ &pfywfaESmifzUJG jcif;ukd cHc&YJ av\/
jzLazG; 0g0if;? aMumY½iS ;f pifMu,fí ...½SKrNi;D pzG,f wifw Y ,fvyS aom rsuv f ;Hk ? rsucf ;Hk ? ESmwef?
yg;tdkY? rdkYvsuf½Sdaom &ifom;? um;vsuf½Sdaom wifyg;? xGm;BuKdif;aom udk,fvkH;udk,fayguf?
tquf t ayguf nD ñ G w f y k H u av;rsm;onf axG ; jr\pd w f E S v k H ; ud k ,l B uKH ; r&jzpf a tmif
aoG;aqmifjzm;a,mif;cJYav&m bmyJjzpfjzpf ZGwfESpfNyD; cspfcifaMumif;ajym&ef BuHrdav\/odkY&mwGif
rdrdtay:ü aqGrsKd;om;&if;xifrSwfum ,kHMunfpdwfcstyfESHxm;aom ppfynmq&m jzpfol
aywvl\rsuEf mS udk uGuu f eJ ajy;jrifrad v&m rcsrd qefjY zpfomG ;&av\/ avmu"r®wm tzdEk iS t Yf r?
olUESrudk,f,l udk,fYESrol,l aMum½Hkr[kwf? wu,fwrf; t[kwftwnfayguf,lygrl jiLplzG,f
rMunf j zLzG , f r ½S d [l a omw&m;onf axG ; jrtm; owd & aeap&m?aywvl \ rsuf E S m onf
aysmufuG,foGm;av\/
odaYk omf um,uH½iS f cifopfu, kd w f ikd rf mS rdrt d m; bk&m;wql *lwvk;H ozG,f ,k, H MHk unfMunfEiS Yf
wu,fwrf;twnfayguf ½dkaoudkif;ñGwfvsuf½Sd&m xkduJYodkYrdrdtm; q&morm;yDyD ,kHMunfpdwfcs
aeoluav;tm; vlysKpd um;ajym&eftvkyrf mS tb,fenf;ESirYf Q roifaY wmfaMumif; pOfpm;rdjyefav\/
xdkodkY pOf;pm;rdojzifY rdrdpdwfudk zdESdyfuGyfñSyfum tcspf"mwfudk csKd;jzwf&awmYrnfjzpf&m
xdt k vkyrf mS ,ciftvkyw f x Ykd uf ydrk ckd ufcrJ nfjzpfaMumif; awGUae&ojzifY eifu Y eJjzpfomG ;av\/
]] aMomf ...cifopf cifopf? y&ifopfeJY jrefrmpyfNyD; ewforD;avmufvSwJY [mruav;yJ?
tom;u a½Tvdk0if;NyD; rsufvkH;u ,EÅ&m;pufvSnfhovdk uv,fuv,feJY wv,fv,faeatmif
wu,fu Y kd Munfv h aS yw,f? yg;tdu Yk av;ESpb f uf rdaYk eyku H vnf; odycf sppf &maumif;w,f? [oFmjy'g;
qdk;xm;ovdk eDjref;aewJY ESKwfcrf;uav;uvnf; tifrwefMunfhvSayw,f }} ponfjzifY cifopf\
vSyaom ud, k u f m,uav;udk tao;pdwpf w d u f m cGjJ crf;a0zefMunfrh ad v&m ...tm;emiJñ Y mS jcif;?
axmufxm;jcif;rsm; vGipYf ifyaysmufomG ;Muav\/
xdkodkYyaysmufojzifY tvkyfpcef;udk t[kwfwrf; awG;Munfhvdkufaomtcg rdrduJYodkYjyefí
cifrifMuifemygu bmrQajymzG,rf ½S?d twdik ;f xuftvGef aumif;jrwfvaS y\/ oabmrwl rMunfjzLyJ
qlqyl yl jl zpfvu kd yf grl t½Suu f ½JG rHk u aywvl\"m;oGm;ü toufygoGm;rnftxd ta&;qdu k o
f mG ;rnfukd
awG;vdu k rf ad v\/
axG;jronf cifopftwGut f csprf ;D awmufí a&mufwwf&m&m?xifjrif&mudak wG;Ny;D tcspaf q;
azmf&efBupH nfvsu½f cdS &YJ m pmjycsed w f iG f tcef;wGi;f ü ESpaf ,mufcsi;f jzpfapumrl twGi;f cef;rBu;D ESiYf tjcm;
tcef;ae&mrsm;ü cifrdvwfESifY aywvl\uRef&if; ]]vmpD}} wdkY ½SdaeMuojzifY pwifajymqdk Munfh&ef
cufcv J su½f adS Mumif;awGU&av\/
vmpDum; tdrf½SdtapcHwdkYtay: vlBuD;vkyf tkyfcsKyfae&oljzpf&m tdrfwGif;tdrfjyif 0ifxGuf
oGm;vmEdkifol vl&if;uRef,kHjzpfav\/ useftapcHwdkYrl tvkyfudpör½Sdu atmufxyfwGifom
aeMu&av\/
þodjYk zifY rp&Jí tNrw J ef; tcGiaYf umif;udk acsmif;ajrmif;vmcJ&Y m 3 vcefY ½Sad omtcg waeYoü
... Adkvfuawmf cifrdvwfonf 4if;\aqGrsKd;rsm;½Sd&m ebufNrKdU ('kbufNrKdU) A&if*sD½GmodkY 7 &ufcefY
tvnftywf oGm;cdkufBuKHBuKdufav\/
ukvm;Adkvf aywvlrSm cifrdvwfudk rdrdudk,fwdkif vdkufrydkYEdkifojzifY ay:opfESifY &if;ESD;í
pdwcf s&aom tapcH ]]vmpD}} udk tazmftjzpfEiS Yf xnfah y;vdu k af v\/ cifrv d wfEiS Yf vmpD r½Sjd cif;onf
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]] armif ...onf cspfESrtm; þpum;rsKd;rajymrd&ef rdrdudk,frdrd zdESdyfqkH;rum tcgcg
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]] 'g bmpmvJ }}
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]] q&mudk,fwdkifu uRefrudk wdkuf½dkufay;wJY vlysKdpm r[kwfvm; }}
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&wm ...}}
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axmufxm;ygOD; ...}}
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av&m...
]] armifu Y ckd spw f ,fvYkd ajym&if ...vTwrf ,f }}
[k axG;jru tusyu f ikd af vrS ...
]] uJ ½Sif ...cspfygw,fwJY }}
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axG;jrvnf;xdt k cgrS aemufq;Hk aom arT;jcif;rsK;d arT;um cifopfukd vTwv f u
kd af v\/ cifopfonf
axG;jrvufrS vGwfonfESifYwNyKdifeuf tcef;xJu uAsmu,m xGufoGm;NyD; rMumrDyifjyef0ifvm&m
vufwGif aywvlrdvwfudkifavY½Sdaom ukvm;jzL"m;BuD; ygvmav\/
"m;oGm;um; ...ta&mifwzdwfzdwfawmufvsuf½Sd&m axG;jrrSm ½kwfw&uftHYtm;oifYum
aMumufvefw Y ek v
f KS yo f mG ;Ny;D rS rsuEf mS trlr&mrysuaf tmifowdxm;Ny;D £aÈr´ ysu&f yfaeav\/
]] olrsm;orD;ysKu d akd pmfum;wJv Y l 'DuaeY "m;pmauR;&r,f }}
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ajymvdu k &f m ...
]] cifvkyf&uf&ifvnf; vkyfwmaygYcif&,f? q&muvnf;q&m? udk,fYudkvnf;toufavmuf
cspaf ewJo Y ?l 'Dvv kd rl S &efox l ifaevnf; uHyJ atmufarY&rSmaygY }}
]] ½SifYudk aemufqkH;pum;wcGef;ajymvdkufr,f? uRefr ½SifYudk 'DtdrfxJrSmawmif tpaysmuf
azsmufypfEdkifw,f em;vnfvm;? aemufudkvnf; woufvkH; 'Dpum;rsKd;rajymygbl;? 'Dvdk
rapmf u m;ygbl ; vd k Y opö m qd k N yD ; y#d n mOf a y;vd k Y awmif ; yef & if ½S i f u d k c srf ; omay;vk d u f r ,f ?
jrefjrefpOf;pm;prf;...}}
]] 'Dvrkd awmif;yef&if bmvkyrf mS vJ }}
]] tckcsucf si;f "m;pmauR;ypfvu kd rf ,f }}
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r½Sad vmufatmif aMumuf½UHG wkev f KS yo f mG ;rdaomfvnf; cifopfu rdrx d rH S y#dnmOfawmif;aeaomtcg
olr\vufr&Jjcif;udk &dyfrdonfhtjyif tu,fí xdky#dnmOfrsKd;ay;&efvnf; ao&onfESifY
rjcm;oavmuf jzpfaeaMumif;awG;rdum ...
]] q&mwckajymr,f? q&m[m cifYudk aMum&½Hkapmfum;wmr[kwfbl;? tlxJ tonf;xJu
pGpJ v
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xifrdw,f? cifawmif;wJY y#dnmOfrsKd;ay;&if woufvkH; cifYudkrcspf&awmYbl;? 'Dvdkqdk&if ao&wmrS
aumif;ao;w,f? cifYtay:rSm b,favmuftxdcspfw,fqdkwm 'DuaeY toufeJYvJjyoGm;r,f }}
[k toufwacsmif;udk tcspfeJYvJum &J&J0HY0YHBuD; pGefYpm;ajymvdkufNyD;aemuf cifopfqDodkY
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pGefYpm;aeaom axG;jronf rdrdpum;qkH;í twefMumonfhwdkifatmif bmrQrjzpfonfudk awGU&rS
cifopfqaD rmfMY unfv h u
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]] ckwfav ckwfyg cif&JU? cifYtwGufeJYqdk&if toufudk rESajrmygbl; taocH0HYygw,f }}
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]] "m;eJcY w
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wdkifypfr,f ...}}
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]] wdkifvm; awmvm; vkyfraeygeJY cif&,f? rauseyf&if wcgwnf;om owfypfvdkufyg }}
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em;pGifYaeNyD;aemuf cifopfvnf; "m;udk,lum xm;&if;ae&mwGif jyefvnfxm;cJYí qif0ifcef;odkY
vmcJYavrS aywvlxHvmaom a,mufsm;{nfhonfwa,mufjzpfaMumif; awGU&av\/
cifopfonf {nfhonfudk qif0ifcef;wGifyif tapmifYcdkif;NyD;aemuf rdrdtcef;xJodkY
awmufavQmuf0ifomG ;um xGurf vmawmYojzifY axG;jrvnf;jyefvmcJaY v\/
tcef; ( 6 )
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od&Yk mwGif cifopfonf yg;pyfajymwif;oavmuf twGi;f pdwu f rygvSaMumif;? a½SUaemufpum;
taxmuftxm;trlt&mrsm;jzifY tuJcwf&yd rf &d av&m ...xdt k wGuf arQmv
f ifcY surf uif;ao;bJ
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oabmydkufNyD;xGufvmcJY&m cgwdkif;vdkyifwa,mufrS rawGU&bJ ...pmjycef;txd0ifoGm;av&m?
xdak eYum; cifopfonf xl;xl;jcm;jcm; rdrt d &if pmjycef;wGiaf &mufaeonfuakd wGU&ojzifY ½kww f &uf
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]] uJ ... q&m aemufawmufawmufrvkyfeJY? 'DuaeYtqkH;pum;ajym&vdrfYr,f? q&m tck
uRefrudk bmvkyfaewmvJ? twnfaygufBuHaewmvm; }}
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aemufqkwfoGm;rSmaygY? tJ'gyJ pOf;pm;Munfhyg }}
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b,fenf;eYrJ S r,lEikd b f ;l ? tJ'gyJ pOf;pm;Munfyh g }}
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nKrd nf;eufjymaom rd;k om;wdrw f u
kd rf sm; uGejYf rL;usupf m;oGm;vmumpjzpfav\/
cif o pf o nf tcef ; wG i f ; rS x G u f v mum atmuf x yf a e tapcH r sm;ud k a c:iif í
rdk;yufwwfaomwHcg;rBuD;rsm;ESifY jyLwif;wHcg;uJvm;tcsKdUudkydwfapvsuf rdk;,dkwwfaom
ae&mtcsKdUudkvnf; tdk;rsm; tifwkHrsm; cHapí tapcHrsm;udk atmufxyf wHpufNrdwftoD;oD;rS
rdk;a&rsm;cHNyD; pOfhtdk;BuD;rsm;ESifYuJYxm;&ef pDrHajymqdk NyD;aemuf pmoifcef;wGif;jyefvmum
£aÈ&´ &xdik af eav\/
]] q&mYudk bmvdkYr,lEdkifwmvJ cif&,f }}
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csppf w d rf ½Sb d ;l vm; }}
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]] wHcg;awGtukeyf w d x f m;vdYk txifvu JG ek yf gvdrrYf ,f? waygufavmufziG x Yf m;ygOD; ...}}
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]] tdk aemufawmufawmufeYJ ...yk&ydu k af cgufeaYJ ygufvu kd &f ...}}
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]] uJ Nird Nf ird x f ikd pf rf; }}
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cifopfu jyLwif;aygufwcH g;qDoMYkd unfu h m ...rsuv f ;Hk udk uv,fuv,faeatmifvn S í hf
pOf;pm;ovdv k yk af eNy;D rS axG;jrbufvn S Mhf unfu h m ...
]] q&m ckvv kd yl sKpd um;awGajymNy;D aemufawmufawmufvyk af ewmawG uRerf uonf;cHaewm
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cifcifrifrifjzpfae&mu cspo f vdjk zpfrwd myJ? uRerf q&mYurkd rke;f ygbl; }}
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]] rrkef;&if cspfwmaygY }}
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qdkwmu wrsKd;pDyJ? cspfwdkif;om,l&rSmjzifY cufrukefMuao;bl;vm; ...}}
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rEl;reyfuav;om xifrSwfcJY&m ...,ckpum;udkMum;&aomtcg axG;jrrSm tawmftYHtm;oifY
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[laompum;Mum;&vQif auseyf0rf;omvdrfYrnf[kxifcJY&m ,ckrl cspfaomfvnf;r,lEdkifaMumif;
Mum;&ojzifY eifu Y eJjzpfum 0rf;om0rf;enf;ra0cGEJ ikd af tmifjzpfaeNy;D rS ...
]] r,lEikd yf Hk odprf;yg&ap cif&,f ...}}
]] odcsi&f ifawmY ajym&rSmaygY? q&mYut kd m;emvdYk 'DtaMumif;rajymbJaecJw Y m? ajym&if q&m
remeJaY emf ...}}
]] remygbl; cif&,f? cift Y wGuq f &kd if toufay;cspaf ewJo Y yl g }}
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cifu ckrS 19 ESpf½Sdao;w,f? q&mqdk&ifjzifY tpdwfawmif ausmfa&mYr,f? ½kyfcsif;qdkjyefawmYvnf;
cifujzLjzL0if;0if;? q&mu tom;nKd? tJ'Dvdk ae&mwumuGmaeawmY ...oda&maygYq&m?
a½SUrqufyg&apeJaY wmY? tm;emygw,f ...}}
[k ajymvdu k &f m axG;jrrSm cifopf\oabmxm;rlreS u f kd twdtvif;Mum;&ojzifY tHt Y m;oifY
jcif;jzpfru d m ,lBuK;H r&jzpfomG ;½Smav\/
taMumif;rlum; ,ckavmurSm *kPEf iS "Yf exGe;f um;aomavmujzpfí arwÅmudt k a&;rpdu k b f J
*kPEf iS "Yf eudo k m ta&;pdu k uf m om;½Sif orD;½Sif rdbrsm; aeYpOfEiS t Yf rQ *kPf *kPcf si;f ? Opöm Opömcsi;f
pcef;oGm;aeMuonfukd axG;jrrodr[kwf od\/ odaYk omf um,uH½iS rf ed ;f uav;ud, k wf ikd u
f ,ckuo J Ykd
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Mum;&vdrrYf nf[v k nf; wcgrQ pOf;pm;jcif;? arQmv f ifjY cif; rjyKcrYJ ad y/
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y&d,m,fr½Sd? xifrdxif&m rdrdpdwfxJ½SdwmajymwmyJ[k auseyfp&mtaMumif;½Smí ESpfodrfY&av\/
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bmrStok;H rusb;l ...}}
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OD;tYaH usmu f , kd w
f ikd uf vnf; jzpfapYr,fvYkd trde½Yf zdS ;l ygw,f ...}}
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]] atmifr,fav; ...½SifY&mxl;u BuD;us,fvdkufwm trdefYawmfa&;wJY? 0efaxmufawG?
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ao&vdrfYr,f? cifY½kyf&nfeJY vuf0wfvufpm;awG[m ...trdefYawmfa&;uawmfavmufeJY
auseyf&awmYrmS vm;? 'gawmif ckr&ao;bl; ...arQmaf e&OD;rSmwJY }}
]] tpawmY 'Dvykd J onf;cHae&wmaygY cif&,f? tavmif;rif;w&m;Bu;D awmif e*du k qif;&Jom;vdk
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b,fou l ajymEdik rf vJ }}
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f ukd rf ad v\/
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]] cif&,f armifu Y ckd spw f ,fr[kwv f m;? ,lr,f r[kwv f m;aemf ...,lygw,fav? cspyf gw,f}}
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rif;wkef;xdk;vdkuf&m? cifopfu ...
]] tdk ... rvkyfygeJYqdk? olwdkYvmMuawmYrSm ... rdukefvdrfYr,f }}
[k rif;wkef;udk jyefzGifYvsuf rapYwapY jrifomatmif [½kHuav;[xm;NyD;vQif ...
]] uJyg ...'geJY tcsdefukefawmYr,f }}
[k qdv k u
dk rf S axG;jrvnf; cifopfudk rdrad ygifay:odq Yk wJG ifum ckwifay:wGif wifyg;vTx J ikd &f if;
cg;udkvufESpfzufjzifY ayGUzufvsuf rwfwwf&yf&ufom;twkdif;jzpfaeaom cifopftm; cspfNyD;&if;
cspf&if;jzifY cspfwif;ESD;aESm ajymqkdaeav\/
]] cufw,f cif&,f? b,fYES,fvkyfcGJ&rSef;rodbl;? cifY armifBuD;vkyfwm armifYudkrwdkifyifbJeJY
twif;xnfhypfw,f }}
cif o pf u m; bmrQjyef r ajymyJ axG ; jrrsuf E S m ud k o m 0rf ; enf ; aomrsuf v k H ; BuD ; ES i f Y
uv,faeatmif Munfhae&mu Munfvif0if;xdefaomrsufvkH;tdrf 2 ckrSm rsuf&nfawG Ovmvsuf
axG;jrvnfyif;udzk ufNy;D ½SKu d vf su½f adS v\/
axG;jronf cifopf\rsuf&nfrsm;udk vufESifYokwfay;um 0if;0gvSyaomrsufESmuav;udk
Munfh&if; tm;rvdktm;r& ,lBuKH;r&jzpfum jyefvSefajymqdk 0rf;enf;vdkaomfvnf; cifopftwGuf
wd;k wufaqG;ajrUoGm;rnfukd pd;k aomaMumifY pdwu f w dk if;vdu
k Nf y;D vQif ...
]] uJ ...tm;ri,feJY cif&,f? okc½Sd&if 'ku©½SdowJY? 'ku©cHrSvnf; okc &owJY? ,dk;',m;u
jyef v m&if &mxl ; |meEÅ & wd k ; NyD ; bG J U wH q d y f a wG b mawG &rS m yJ ? 'D t cg rif ; uawmf b 0eJ Y
aysmaf ysmBf u;D ae&r,fvYkd ...}}
]] bmrif;uawmfrv S nf;rjzpfcsiyf gbl;? ppfwu kd &f mrSmom txdtcdu k rf ½Sad tmif owdxm;ygawmY
armif ...cifrY mS awmY armifu Y vkd rG ;f wJpY w
d ef yYJ J ...}}
[k idkoHygESifYajymvdkuf&m axG;jru vuf0g;umí ...
]] tdk tdk ...cGu J meD; edrw d rf ½Sw d pYJ um;awGrajymygeJcY if&,f }}
[k wm;NyD; ckwifay:wGif wifyg;vTJxdkifae&mrS MuGwJYum rwfwwf&yfvsuf cifopfukd
rsufESmcsif;qkdif&if; tm;rvdktm;r& ayGUzufvdkuf&m cifopfu tcspf"mwfvQHxGufaomrsufESmjzifY
axG;jrrsuEf mS udk armfMunfu h m ...
]] zuf zuf? tm;&atmifzufoGm; woufvkH; ...}}
[k qkdvdkufpOf avSum;qDrS ajcoHvdkvdkMum;ojzifY ...
]] a[m ...em;axmifprf; vmukefNyDxifw,f }}
[k ajymNy;D vQif ESpaf ,mufom; uarsmaomyg; xGuv f mcJMY uav\/ axG;jrESiYf cifopf tcef;0rS
3 awmifceft Y a&mufwiG f ...
]] [m ...tdrfom;awGvnf; wa,mufrS r½Sdygvm; ...}}
[laomtoHESifYwuG MuG,f0udkawGU&av&m ...xdktcsdefwGif cifopfrSmvnf; qHxkH;rsm;
ajyvkajycif z½dkz&Jjzpfum rsufESmrSmvnf; rsuf&nfESifY oeyfcg; uGufwduGufMum;jzpfvsuf
rdkYwufaeaom yg;jyifESpfbufrSmvnf; ESmacgif;&myif aumif;pGmrxifapumrl? ouFmruif;zG,f
toG,t f oG,t f 00 [dak e&muxl 'Dae&muyg;? oeyfcg;eYo H mrsm; ajymufwad jymufusm;jzpfí xbD?
tusw Ð rYkd mS vnf; bdo k b D wfojD zpfaeav\/
axG;jrtwGufqdkjyefaomf ...ESmacgif;ESifY tusÐyckH;pGef;wGif oeyfcg;prsm; ododomom
jrif&vsuf xGuv f myku
H vnf; &ifaygifwef; ,SOv f suo f m;jzpfae&um;? ,krH mS ;ae&efyif r½So d avmuf
jzpfaeavonf/
]] aMomf ... udkMuG,f0ygvm; ...}}
[k axG;jru cyf½u S ½f u
S rf suEf mS rsK;d ESiYf r&Jw&JEKS wq f ufvu kd &f m? Mu, G 0f uNyK;H í ...
]] udkaxG;jrvnf; 'Dtdrfcsnf; pufusaeNyD xifw,f }}
[k ajymum csmueJjyefvSnfhNyD; twGif;cef;rBuD;qDodkY vmcJYav\/ okH;a,mufom;
twGif;cef;rBuD;odkY a&mufaomtcg cifopfu ...
]] uJ ... {nfhonfcsif; ajymaeMuayOD;awmY }}
[k qdu k m aemufaz;jyefomG ;av&m axG;jru cifopfqo D v Ykd rS ;f tMunfv h u
kd ?f cifopfuvnf;
jyeftMunfhESifY rsufpdcsif;qkHMupOf cifopfu MuG,f0tvpfwGif ol\ESmacgif;ESifY yckH;pGef;ESpfzufudk
vufEiS w Yf jYkd yoGm;av\/
axG;jrvnf; cifopfajymaom t&dyef rd w d u f kd ½kwwf &ufem;rvnfojzifY twefMumpOf;pm; aeNy;D rS
owd&vmum MuG,f0ESifYpum;ajym&if; rodrom rsufESmudkvufESifYyGwfovdkvdk? yckH;pGef; ESpfzufudk
t,m;ajzmufovdv k v kd yk íf yGwo f yfcsypfav\/
odkY&mwGif MuG,f0rSm þrQavmuf xltxdkif;rSKdif;olwa,muf r[kwfaomaMumifY axG;jrESifY
cifopf tcef;wGi;f u xGuv f muwnf;u bmjzpfuek Mf uNyq D odk nfukd ,krH mS ;oHo,r½S?d [kwrf eS o f nfh
twdik ;f &dyrf cd aYJ v\/
rMumrD cif o pf t0wf r sm;vJ u mxG u f v mav&m ... aywvl w d k Y v l o d k u f v nf ;
a&mufvmav\? axG;jronf aywvlwdkYESifY twefMumajymqdkNyD;vQif ESKwfqufjyefvmcJYpOf ...
Mu,G 0f url tdro f m;rsm;ESiYf pum;qufvufajymqdak e&pfcaYJ v\/
tcef; ( 7 )
½ky&f nfyom' vSyEkysKí d pdak jyaomtom;t&nf½v dS ifuY pm; ñSK;d EGr;f aom toGit f jyifaMumifY
e*dvk o S avmuf e*dik ;f rxGub f jJ zpfae&ol okyYH ef;tusO;f om; ,d;k ',m;vlrsK;d oli,fuav;onf rdrt d m;
ai;pdu k Mf unf½h KS aeol jrefrmwyfrLS ;av;\ cefn Y m;aomtoa&udk rcHcsipf w d ?f ½Supf w
d rf sm; vTr;f rd;k aom
trlt&mESiYf jyefveS Mf unfw h u YJ m rdr\ d toufab;udk awG;aMumufp;kd &drrf ad v\/
jrefrmwyfrSL;uav;rSm þrQavmuf EkEke,fe,fESifY 18 ESpf½G,f 19 ESpf½G,f t½G,faumif;?
tcsdefaumif; wzuf&efolppfwyfü rdrduJYodkY wyfrSL;&mxl;xrf;½Guf&onfqdkaom ,dk;',m;vlrsKd;
vkvifysKu d av;tm; ud, k cf si;f pmw&m;ESiYf oem;u½kPmjzpfr½d mS av\/
taMumif;rlum; rdru d , kd w
f ikd f þuJo
Y Ykd &efoUl vufwiG ;f üokyYH ef;tjzpfae&ygrl ... tb,foYkd
½Sv
d rd rYf nfenf;[k pOf;pm;rdaomaMumifw Y nf;/
]] armifrif; jrefrmpum;wwfovm; ...}}
]] tawmftoifY em;vnfygw,f }}
jrefrmwyfrLS ;uav;rSm tHt Y m;oifo Y mG ;rdav\/ taMumif;rl jrefrmvdyk o D pGm ajymvdu k af om
aMumifYwnf;/ odkY&mwGif toHrSmum; ,dk;',m;oHraysmufbJ0Jvsuf½Sd&m? xdk0JaomtoHtwGuf ydkí
em;t&om½Sdum u½kPmoufp&maumif;aeav\/
,aeYwu kd yf u
JG tjyef zrf;vmpOfurl jrefrmpum; em;rvnfb;l xifNy;D Adv k cf sKyBf u;D u ,d;k ',m;
pum;jyefESifY ppfaq;cJY\/
]] armifrif;emrnf b,fvdkac:ovJ ...}}
]] vHk[l&wdkuf ...}}
]] vkH[l ... bmwJY ...}}
]] vkH[l&wdkuf ...}}
]] tdk ... emrnfuvnf; vkH[l&wdkufvdkY tac:&cufvdkufwm ...}}
]] &mxl;uaum ...}}
]] wyfrLS ; ...}}
]] armifrif; om;r,m;½So d vm; ...}}
]] om;orD;r½Sb d ;l ? r,m;½Sw d ,f ...}}
xdo k aYkd jymqdak r;jref;aepOf ...
]] [m ... udak xG;jr? cifAsm;u 'Da&mufaewmud;k uReaf wmfY vdu k ½f mS vdu
k &f wm tpfuBkd u;D u
tm;&if cPvmcJyY gOD;wJY ...}}
]] Adv
k rf if;uvm; ...}}
]] [kwfw,f }}
wyfrLS ;armifaxG;jronf vmac:ol ukvm;jzLwyfrLS ;ay:opfEiS Yf ukvm;Adv k f aywvlrv d wf\
wyfodkY vdkufoGm;av\/
þtcsdefum; jrefrmEdkifiHawmfrS csDwufvmaom Zif;r,faMumif;csD wyfawmfrsm;ESifY
xm;0,faMumif;csD wyfawmfrsm; ,d;k ',m;jynf½dS urf;yifzuf?qlc;kd xdik ?f zpfpEkxyk ?f q0efcvky?f &yfA&l ?D
uHyl&D paom e,fy,fNrKdU½Gmrsm;udk wdkufcdkufatmifjrifodrf;qnf;í ,dk;',m;jynf\ &mZXmeD
aejynfawmfjzpfaom t,k', ¨ NrKUd awmfoYkd qdu k af &mufum NrKUd awmfta½SUrsuEf mS u Zif;r,faMumif;csD
wyfawmfrsm; pGJ&yfvsuf? taemufrsufESmu xm;0,faMumif;csD wyfawmfrsm; pGJ&yfwdkufcdkufaecsdef
jzpfay\/
,dk;',m;bk&ifonf trwfBuD; z,m;ul&wpfudk AdkvfcsKyfcefYí NrKdUta½SUbufrsufESm½Sd
Zif;r,faMumif;csD wyfawmfrsm;udk wdkufcdkufapNyD;aemuf? 5 &uftMumwGif trwfBuD; ]]jAoH}} ESifY
]]z,m;wuf}} udk AdkvfcsKyftoD;oD;cefYum ppfaMumif;ESpfaMumif;cGJvsuf taemufbufrsufESm½Sd
xm;0,faMumif;csD wyfawmfrsm;udk wdu k cf ukd af p&m yxrwGif jrefrmbufuta&;edro Yf a,mifjzpfcNYJ y;D rS
Adv
k cf sKyBf u;D r[maemf&xmud, k wf ikd xf uG tf wku d wf iG f jrefrmwdu
Yk ppfa&;omNy;D tajrmuf 200 ausm?f
qif 200 ESiYf vlaygif; 2000 ausmf t½Si&f vdu k af v\/
(&mZ0ifrSwfcsuf / / okHYyef;ESifYpyfí tppftrSef&mZ0ifokH;pum;udkazmfjy&aomf- (1)okHYyef;? (2)zrf;&? (3) vuf& [lí
ok;H rsK;d ½S\
d / xdw
k iG f wdu
k yf t
JG wGi;f tvdak vQmuf0ifvmolrsm;udk (1)okyYH ef; ac:\? ppftwGi;f awm?awmif yke;f atmif;ae&mrS
½SmazGzrf;qD;&rdolrsm;udk (2)zrf;&ac:\? wdkufyGJ twGif; "m;atmufvSHatmufa&mufrSvufeuftcscdkif;NyD; odrf;,l&aom
olrsK;d udk (3)vuf&ac:\? vk[ H &l wdu
k u
f m; wwd,trsK;d tpm;jzpfaom vuf&ac:olxu J jzpf\? odaYk omf xdk 3 rsK;d pvk;H udyk if
okHYyef;[k ac:iifvmcJYMuí ]]okHYyef;}}[laom emrnfjzifYyif azmfjyaytHY)
xdkokHYyef; vl 2000 ausmfwGif wyfrSL; 14 a,mufESifY ppfAdkvf 3 OD;yg½Sdonfhteuf txufyg
vH[ k &l wku d u f m; jrefrmbufutrSKxrf;&ef opömcHí y#dnmOfray;ao;aom wyfrLS ;uav;jzpfay\/
Adv k cf sKyBf u;D r[maemf&xmonf wyfrLS ;axG;jrtm; vk[&l wku d uf akd pmifaY ½Smuf&ef wm0efcsxm;
ojzifY axG;jrrSm vk[ H &l wdu k u f kd Munf½h KS apmifaY ½Smufae&av\/
]]vk[ H &l wku d }f } tm; csxm;ykrH mS axG;jraeaomwJEiS , Yf OS v
f su½f adS om wJuav;twGi;f wJwcH g;udk
tNrJydwfxm;um ajcaxmufESpfzufudk 0g;ydk;ESpfvkH;ESifYñSyfí BuKd;ESifYwkyfNyD; vufESpfzufudkvnf;
yl ; wk y f c snf a ES m if x m;av\/ od k Y & mwG i f BuKd ; rsm;rS m oH B uKd ; r[k w f b J El ; nH h c d k i f r maom
csnBf uK;d rsm;jzpfojzifv Y nf;aumif;? csnw f yk yf rHk mS vnf; xGurf ajy;Edik ½f Hk cyfavsmaY vsmcY snx f m;ojzifY
vnf;aumif; rsm;pGmtcH&rcufvSay/ wJjyifbufwHcg;0wGif vufeufukdif&Jrufwa,muf
tNrJwrf;apmifYae&\/ usifBuD;usifi,f twGuf wydkwyg;oGm;vdkaomf ajcaxmufudkjzKwfum
&JrufEpS af ,mufvu kd yf &Ykd í tpma&pmpm;csed üf vufuBuK;d udk jzKwaf y;\/
Zif;r,faMumif;csAD v kd cf sKyrf mS aersK;d oD[yawYjzpfí xm;0,faMumif;csAD v kd cf sKyrf mS r[maemf&xm
jzpf&m xdkAdkvfcsKyfESpfa,mufwGif r[maemf&xmu tBuHOmPfydkrdkaumif;rGefojzifY aersKd;oD[yawY
ud, k wf ikd u f r[maemf&xm\MoZmudk ½dak ojcif;½Scd aYJ v\/ r[maemf&xmrSm rsuEf mS xm;£aÈB´ u;D í
pum;enf;oljzpf&m? tcgrjywf pBueF , f ul mvrf;ovm;jcif;jzifY ppfrKS a&;&mrsm;udk BupH nfpw d u
f ;l avY
½Scd aYJ y\/
r[maemf&xmonf axG;jr\vkyf&nf? BuH&nfrsm; jrifawGU&onfhtwGuf rsm;pGmtm;&
auseyfjcif;jzpfcaYJ pumrl ESKwjf zif[ Y í cs;D rGr;f pum;rajymMum;cJb Y J wm0ef0wÅ&m;rsm;udo k m wpwp
rodromvTt J yfcefx Y m;cJaY v&m? vk[ H &l wku d u f kd apmifaY ½Smufzt Ykd a&;ü axG;jrtm;wm0efcsxm;onfh
twGuf axG;jrESiYf *kP&f nfw?l &mxl;wl wyfrLS ;tcsKUd u Adv k cf sKyBf u;D tay:ü rausreyfyif jzpfcaYJ v\/
taMumif;rlum; ...wyfrLS ;&mxl;xrf;½Gucf o YJ l okyYH ef;wOD;tm; apmifaY ½SmufzYkd vTt J yf cH&jcif;onf
Adv k cf sKyBf u;D \pdwcf s,MHk unf&jcif;cH&olro S m xrf;aqmif&aomtvkyjf zpfí xdt k vkyu f kd wm0ef,u l m
trSKxrf;&jcif;onfyif ... Adv k cf sKyBf u;D \ vl,b Hk 0odaYk &muf½o dS mG ;aomaMumifw Y nf;/ axG;jronf
aemufwaeYnae 4 csufwD;ausmf (,ck 6 em&DausmfcefY) wGif vufutxkwfuav; wckudkqGJí
okyYH ef; vk[ H &l wku d ½f &dS modv Yk mcJu Y m wJtwGi;f 0ifNy;D vk[ H el aH b;wGif xdik cf w Hk ckEiS Yf xdik íf vk[ H \l rsuEf mS udk
apYapYpyfpyftuJcwfae&m? xdt k csed üf vk[ H rl mS opfom;acgif;tk;H uav;wckay:0,f yufvufveS &f if;
tdyaf ysmaf e\/
&JaoG;aygufum eDjref;vsuf½Sdaom a&eHBuD;rD;a&mifonf ae0if&Dwa&mtcsdefudkzsufqD;um
wJtwGif;odkY tvif;"mwfay;vdkuf&m ...jzLazG;vSyaomvkH[lrsufESmrSm rD;a&mifatmufwGif
pum;0gaoG; aygufvsu½f adS v\/
jrefrmESiYf ,d;k ',m;wdrYk mS trsm;tm;jzifY ½kyaf eyk?H tom;aeyk?H rsuEf mS aygufyrHk pS í ae&mwumwGif
tvGefwlvS&m t0wftpm;omruGJjym;u cGJjcm;íodEdkif&ef cJ,Of;vSonfhtwdkif; vkH[lrSmvnf;
jrefrm½kyfESifYcGJr&atmifwlvSojzifY axG;jrrSm &efolUbufom;[laom txifrsKd; yaysmufum
...rdrt d rsK;d om; jrefrmuav;wa,muftoGif ½kww f &ufxifjrifomG ;rdav\/
axG;jronf okyYH ef;uav; vk[ H \
l rsuEf mS udMk unfah e&if; &ifwiG ;f üjyif;xefaom oem;u½kPmrsK;d
jzpfrud m rcsrd qefjY zpfomG ;rdav\/
rdrdnD&if;uav;wa,muf þuJYodkYtjzpftysufrsKd;a&mufae&ygrl rdrdpdwfwGif tb,fuJYodkY
jzpfysufayvdrfYrnfenf; [laomjyóemrsKd;rSm rMumcP0ifpm;aeojzifY vkH[ltwGuf tcuftcJ
awGUae&av\/ vkH[lrSm tom;t&nf pdkjynfvwfqwfí udk,fvkH;udk,fayguf twefi,f
xGm;BuKdif;jcif;½Sdapumrl 4if;\tom;t&nfaeykH Munfhjcif;tm;jzifY vGefpGmEl;nHhodrfarGUvdrfYrnf[k
cefYrSef;Edkif&m ...rsufESmrSmvnf; 0kdif;0dkif;pufpuf? nufnufanmanm? acsmarmvSypGm½SdojzifY
a,mufsm;yifqakd pumrl rde;f rysKu d av;uJo Y Ykd awG;awmxifjrifz, G ½f adS v\/
axG;jrrSm vk[ H ul pkd wifjrifuwnf;u 4if;\xl;qef;aom½kyo f iG Ef iS Yf Eke,faom½kyv f u©Pm?
t½G,f tqif;wdt Yk wGuf txl;tqef; tm½k0H ifpm;zG,w f ckjzpfum ...4if;\taMumif;udk rMumcP
pOf;pm;rdvsuf tvkyfydkwck&vmouJYodkYjzpfaeav\/
vkH[ltwGuf pOf;pm;p&mjzpfvmjcif;onf jrefrmjynfwGifusefcJYaom &nf;pm;cspf cifopfudk
vGrf;qGwfwrf;wpdwfrsm;yif oufom&m&awmYrvdkyifjzpfvmaomaMumifY vkH[ludkyif aus;Zl;
wifrad wmYrnfuo YJ Ykd jzpfaeav\/ axG;jronf twefMumai;pdu k f Munf½h KS aeNy;D aemuf ...
]] vkH[l a[Y ...vkH[l }}
[kac:vdu k &f m vk[ H v l nf;qwfueJxxdik u f m csnx f m;aomvufEpS zf ufjzifY vuftyk cf sD aeavrS
...
]] ae ae ...oabm½Sad e? vuftyk cf spD &mrvdyk gbl; }}
[k ajymvdu k af v\/ vk[ H v l nf; teD;½Sw d wJ ikd uf rkd uDS m ajcaxmufrvSKyEf ikd o f jzifY jzpfovdyk if
ajcqif;xdik x f ikd Nf y;D ...cyfrKS id rf KS id f acgif;ikaYH eav\/
]] armifrif; 'Dvakd e&wmrqif;&Jb;l vm; }}
]] ud, k cf si;f pmMunfyh g ...tifrwefqif;&JwmaygY }}
]] rif;'Dvdkae&wm igrMunfh&ufvdkY ...bufawmfBuD;0if trSKxrf;ygvdkY cPcP wdkufwGef;
aewmaygY? rif;eJYtwl trdcJY&wJY rif;wdkYwyfu ppfAdkvfvkyfolawGawmif opöma&aomufNyD;
trSKxrf;aeMuNyD }}
vk[ H u l m; pum;jyefray;awmYyJ oabmrusaomtrlt&mESiYf ai;rSKid af eav\/
]] a[Y 'DrSm ...rif;pOf;pm;Munfh? bufawmfBuD;r0if&if rif;udkwoufvkH; 'Dvdkvkyfxm;rSm?
0ifom0ifvdkufuG,f? csrf;csrf;omom vGwfvGwfvyfvyfvJae&r,f? pm;aumif;aomufaumif;vJ
pm;&r,f ...}}
vk[ H u l m; bmrQjyefrajymbJ rSKid v f suo f maeav&m ...
]] uJ ...uG,f r0ifcsiv f aJ eawmY ...rif;oabmyJ? iguawmYrESyd pf uf&ufygbl; }}
[k ajymNyD; vufxJrS txkyfuav;udkajzum ygvmaom rkefYyJoGm;a&pmrsm;udk vkH[l\
a½SUwGicf sí vk[ H v l ufrBS uK;d rsm;udk jznfay;av&m ...vk[ H v l nf; xrif;ESpx f yfukd eyfreS pf m;ae& apumrl
vwf q wf a umif ; rG e f í t&om½S d a omrk e f Y r sm;ud k jrif o nf E S i f Y w NyKd i f e uf iwf r ½S u f j zpf u m
[efaqmifíraeEdik af wmYbJ ,liifpm;vdu k af v\/
axG;jrrSm yvkwyf avmif;ESiYf r½Surf aMumufpm;aeaomvk[ H u l Mkd unf&h if; &ifwiG ;f ü u½kPmrD;
awmufavmifomG ;av\/ axG;jronf wJtwGi;f ½Sad &td;k rS a&rsm;cyfum 0vifatmifwu kd Nf y;D aemuf
vufujdk yefíwkyaf ESmifay;&ef vk[ H \l vufEpS zf ufut kd pkcikd ;f um vufaumuf0wfraS eíyl;xm;aom
vufESpfzufudk rdrd\b,fvufjzifYqkyfudkifNyD; nmvufjzifYcsnf&ef[efjyifav&m vkH[l\vufukd
qkyfudkifvdkufonfESifYwNyKdifeuf? rnfuJYodkYjzpfonfrod vufxJwGif w'kwf'kwfaoG;wdk;í t½dk;r½Sd
tom;yuwduo YJ Ykd azmif;rdjYk ynfw h if;í wtdtad eaomvk[ H \l vufaumuf0wfEpS zf ufonf axG;jr\
wud, k vf ;Hk ½Sd taoG;tom;rsm;udk wkev f KS yaf csmufcsm;apcJaY v\/
axG;jronf wkew f ek &f &D ED iS yYf if rdrjd zpfyu Hk v kd [Hk rl odap&ef cyfjrefjrefcsnaf y;vdu k &f m ...
]] tkd tdk ...emvdkufwm? omomcsnfyg b,frSxGufrajy;Edkifygbl; }}
[k vk[ H u l rsuEf mS ud½k KS UH rJ&Y if; nnf;nLajymqdv k u kd rf S rdrcd snrf o d nfudk ,lBuK;H r&jzpfum...
]] at;uG,f ...igucsnfaeusr[kwfawmY rcsnfwwfvdkYyg ...}}
[k ajymNy;D csnx f m;onf[ak jym&½k?H avsmaY vsmu Y av;csnaf y;cJNY y;D xGuv f mcJaY v\/ vk[ H o l nf
axG;jrudk rsupf w d qk;H rjrifonfw h ikd af tmif wJwcH g;ydwo f nftxd Munfah e&pf½mS av\/
þoYjkd zifY axG;jronf vk[ H u l kd okyYH ef;tusO;f om;wa,mufuo YJ Ykd oabmrxm;bJ rdrt d rsK;d om;
bufawmfom;yrm xkdxufwqifY nD&if;wrQqdkovdk Munfh½SKapmifYa½Smuf&if; bufawmfBuD;u
trSKxrf;&efjzm;a,mif;cJ&Y m? xdo k jYkd zm;a,mif;jcif;um; Adv k cf sKyBf u;D \trdet Yf wdik ;f vduk ef mjcif;yifjzpfí
pifppf tjypfr½S?d rdrw d m0ef 0wÅ&m;wckyifjzpfay\/
* &ufajrmufaomaeYeeH ufwiG f axG;jronfcgwdik ;f uJo Y Ykd tpmpm;csed üf vma&mufMunf½h KS av&m
vk[
H o l nf tpmpm;Ny;D axG;jrrsuEf mS udk tm;ud;k aomtrlt&mjzifMY unfw h u YJ m ...
]] Adv
k rf if;vufatmufrmS ...trSKxrf;cGi&Yf r,fq&kd if? uReaf wmfbufawmfBu;D rSmtrSKxrf;zdYk
opöma&aomufygYr,f }}
[kajymvdkufav\/ (rSwfcsuf / / vkH[lu axG;jrudk Adkvfrif;[kac:avY½Sd\/)
]] igYvufatmufrSm trSKxrf;csifw,fvm; }}
]] rSefyg }}
]] 'Djyifvv l ufatmufrmS trSKxrf;&r,fq&kd ifaum ...}}
]] oabmrwlEikd b f ;l 'Dvykd aJ er,f }}
]] igu Adkvfr[kwfbl;uGJU wyfrSL;? rifYudk,fwdkifuvJ e*dkuwyfrSL;vkyfvmw,fqdkawmY
awmfawmfMum rifu Y , kd w f ikd v f nf; wyfrLS ;&mxl;l r&bl;rqdEk ikd b f ;l ? wyfrLS ;jzpf&if igYvufatmufrmS aevdYk
b,fYES,fvkyfjzpfrvJ? wdkYjrefrmwyfrawmfrSm t&nftcsif;½Sd&if vlrsKd;bmomra½G; csD;a`rSmuf
olaumif;jyKwm }}
]] uReaf wmfawmY &mxl;r&&ifaeygap? Adv k rf if;qDrmS trSKxrf;cGi&Yf &if 0ifrmS yJ }}
]] aMomf ...rif;u igYudk tawmfoabmusaerifYudk; ...}}
[k ajymvdu k &f m vk[ H vl nf; rsuEf mS ½Sut f rf;trf;jzpfomG ;av\?
]] aumif;NyaD v ...ig Adv k cf sKyBf u;D qD avQmufxm;ay;r,f }}
[kajymNyD; axG;jr xGufvmcJYav\/
aemufwaeY aeYvnfwGif AkdvfcsKyfBuD;qDrS trdefY&um? vkH[l opöma&aomufNyD; axG;jr\
vufatmufwGif &Jrufwyfom;wOD;tjzpf trSKxrf;cGifY&oGm;av\/ vkH[lum; taetxdkifrSpí
t0wf0wfjcif;? pm;aomufvyk u f ikd jf cif;wdüYk tvGew f &mydy&d &d Ed iS Yf aoaooyfoyf½í dS rsuEf mS xm;vnf;
tNrJwrf; rSefrSefwif;wif;xm;vsuf rnfolESifYrQ azmfazmfa½Ga½GraebJ aqmif½Guf zG,f&m0wÅ&m;udk
aus>yefatmifaqmif½u G Nf y;D ? rsuEf mS xm;wnfwnf? £aÈ&´ & aeavY½o dS nfjh yif ppf0wfwefqmudv k nf;
b,ftcgrSrcRwfbJ tNrJwrf;0wfqifaeavY½SdcJY\/ xdkodkY0wfjcif;twGufvnf; ppfOya'udk
tjcm;ol w d k Y x uf y d k r d k ½ k d a o&ma&muf c J Y & m ...vk H [ l t wG u f b,f a e&murS tjypf q d k z G , f
r½Sad tmifjzpfaeav\/
ppfbufqikd &f mvdu k ef m&aom pnf;urf;Oya'rSm (1) armo (2) blw (3) aoPd (4) ocg (5)
&dyk (6) t#ydu [lí &JrufvufeufudkiftrSKxrf;rsKd; 6 rsKd;ydkif;jcm;xm;onfhteuf (5) &dykac:
&efoUl vufr&S onfh okyYH ef;wdt Yk m; txl;ojzifY tcGit Yf a&;ay;um odr;f oGi;f tkycf sKy&f rnf[k owfrw S f
xm;onft h wdik ;f Adv k cf sKyBf u;D trdet Yf & wyfrLS ;axG;jronf vk[ H u l kd ol\oabmtavsmuf rdrt d yg;wGif
oD;jcm;í aexdik af pcJaY v\/
vkH[l þodkY azmfazmfa½Ga½GraebJ £aÈ´&& cyfwnfwnfaejcif;rSmvnf; axG;jrwyfwGif
,d;k ',m;om; 4if;wOD;xJom½Sí d jrefrmESiYf ,d;k ',m; rsK;d jcm; wdik ;f jcm; Edik if jH cm;om;rsm;jzpfaomaMumifY
tjypfqdkzG,fr½SdvSay? owÅ0gwdkYxkH;pHrSm rdrdwdkYrsKd;wlcsif;om aygif;oif;qufqHvdkaom tavYtx
½SdMuaomaMumifYwnf;? ,dk;',m;bufrS trSKxrf;cJYol okHYyef;,dk;',m;om;tajrmuftjrm;wdkY
bufawmfBuD;ü opöma&aomufí trSKxrf;Mu&m ...xdkodkYaom ,dk;',m;trSKxrf;wdkYtm; jrefrm
&Jrufawmf 94000 (ud;k aomif;av;axmif)ausmw f \ Ykd tMum;ü [dw k a,muf 'Dwa,muf? wa,muf
ESiw Yf a,muf tcsi;f csi;f twlraeapbJ cGjJ cm;xm;vdu k af y\/
odkY&mwGif t,k'¨,NrKdUawmfra&mufrD vrf;c&D;rS wdkufodrf;atmifjrifvmcJYaom urfzifzuf?
qlc;kd xdik ?f zpfpEkxyk f paomNrKUd rsm;rS NrKUd pm;toD;oD;udk t,ko H iG ;f um txl;a`rmS ufpm;vsuf wNrKUd vsif
wwyfuspD ,dk;',m;vlrsKd;wyfom;csnf;zGJUpnf;í ,dk;',m;vlrsKd;NrKdUpm;wdkYudkyif ppfAdkvftjzpfcefYtyf
tkycf sKyaf pcJaY v\/
xm;0,faMumif;csAD v kd cf sKyf r[maemf&xm\wyfwiG f xdo Yk aYkd om ,d;k ',m;wyfrsK;d 7 wyfyg½S&d m
rif;Bu;D *grPdpEúkd Adv k cf sKycf efí Y 7 wyfay:u tkycf sKyaf p\/
Zif;r,faMumif;csAD v kd cf sKyf aersK;d oD[yawY\wyfwiG f ,d;k ',m;wyfoufouf 13 wyfyg½S&d m
O'deef Eáusmx f ifukd Adv k cf sKycf efí Y 13 wyfay:u tkycf sKyaf p\/
xdo k Ykd t,ko H iG ;f &jcif;\ tusK;d aus;Zl;um; vk[ H &l wku d uf kd okyHY ef;&cJaY omyGüJ xm;0,faMumif;
Adv
k cf sKyf r[maemf&xmvufatmufcH rif;Bu;D *grPdpE´tyk cf sKy&f aom ,d;k ',m; ozef;yk;H (pkzef;)wyfrS
pkzef;NrKUd pm;? ,d;k ',m;vlrsK;d ppfAv kd o f nf t,k', ¨ NrKUd awmfrv S w T v f maomtrwfjAoHEiS Yf qifp;D csi;f
,SOu f mwdu k &f m pkzef;NrKUd pm;onf qifO;D wGiyf if ,d;k ',m;uypfvw T af omajymif;oifí Y aoqk;H ½Smav\/
rdrv d rl sK;d tcsi;f csi;f tdrMf uufcsi;f td;k rnf;okwv f wT &f apumrl toufut kd aocHum opömrzsuf
wdu k cf ukd of nft h wGuf t,ko H iG ;f &onft h usK;d udck pH m;&jcif;rSm tHMY ozG,rf ½Sv d aS y? odaYk omf umvH a'oH
qko d nft h wdik ;f ,cktcsed w f iG f t,k', ¨ NrKUd awmfr&S ½Sad om ,d;k ',m;okyYH ef;wdt Yk wGurf l xdo k jYkd yKrv
l u kd yf gu
tcsif;csif;aygif;oif;um twGif;olykefxrnfhta&; awG;ac:arQmfjrifaom r[maemf&xmonf
,d;k ',m;om;wdu Yk kd tcsi;f csi;f raygif;oif;Edik af tmif aoG;cGaJ ompepfukd pDrx H m;vdu k jf cif;yifjzpfay\/
taMumif;rlum; t,k', ¨ NrKUd awmfom;wdrYk mS awme,f½dS ,d;k ',m;vlrsK;d wdu Yk o YJ rYkd [kwb f J yg;eyf
jzwfvwfí vwfwavmOmPf½Sdum t&m&mwGif y&d,m,fa00kpf rsm;vSaomaMumifYwnf;/
axG;jronf vk[ H t l ay:ü tNrw J rf;t&dyt f ajcMunfu h m tuJcwfvmcJ&Y m vk[ H l b,fvv kd pl m;
jzpfaMumif; wxpfcsavmuf &dyrf o d ½d v
dS mojzifY Zmwdrmefjyif;xefaom tm*owÅ0guav;ygvm;[k
tHt Y m;oifo Y mG ;rdav\/ xdo k Ykd tHt Y m;oifrY o d nfEiS w Yf NyKid ef uf vk[ H t l wGurf rd wd iG f tb,frQavmuf
wm0efBu;D rm;aeonfukd pOf;pm;um aMumuf½UHG wkev f KS yo f mG ;av\/
taMumif;rlum; AdkvfcsKyfBuD; r[maemf&xmrSm ppfOya'udk tvGef½dkaovdkufemoljzpf&m
pkzef;NrKdUudkwdkufpOf 4if;\wl&if;jzpfaom wyfrSL;wa,muf &efola½SUwGifwdkufaewkef; aemufqkwfrd
ojzifY ud, k w f ikd f aoewfEiS yYf pfowfczYJ ;l onft h jyif wyfawmftwGi;f üvnf; pnf;urf;ESit Yf nD ae raeudk
tNrw J rf; pkpH rf;ppfaq;avY½adS omaMumifw Y nf;/
od&Yk mwGif vk[&l wdu k t f ay:wGix f m;½Scd aYJ om u½kPmw&m;rSm ysujf ym;jcif;r½Sd ausmufom;
twduo YJ Ykd cdik rf mwnfwefv Y su½f &dS m xdt Yk wGuf cufceJ ufepJ mG awG;awmr&aomjyóemw&yfjzpfum
tajzxGuo f nfw h ikd af tmif rwwfEikd b f J ½Scd aYJ v\/
wnoü nwcsufwD;ausmf (,ck 9 em&Dausmf) cefYwGif axG;jronf vkH[ludk rdrdtcef;xJodkY
ac:um tdy&f may:wGif yufvufveS Nf y;D vQif ...
]] &ifbwfemvdYk enf;enf;axmufay;prf;uG,f }}
[k cdik ;f av&m vk[ H o l nf axG;jrteD;wGif ½dak opGm acgif;ik&YH yfae&if; ...
]] uRefawmf rESdyfwwfbl; Adkvfrif;? taMumvnf;em;rvnfbl; }}
[k toem;cHonft h rlt&mrsK;d ESiYf awmif;yefpum;ajymvdu k af wmYrS axG;jru cyfaigufaiguf
avoHjzifY ...
]] rESyd w f wf ESyd w f wfu, G ?f axmufay;½Hyk J igjyay;raygY? taMumvnf; em;vnfaep&m rvdyk gbl;}}
[k ajymvdkufav\/
vkH[lonf aemufxyfjyefrajym0HYawmYbJ axG;jrtdyfaom anmifapmif;ay:wufum
wifyg;vTx J ikd &f if; wHawmifqpfEiS aYf xmufay;&ef [efjyifav&m? axG;jru vk[ H u l Mkd unfNh y;D ...
]] tdk ...'Dppf0wfppfpm;awG cRwx f m;ygOD;? oGm; ...ae&mjyeft0wfvaJ cs }}
trdeaYf y;vdu k o f jzifY ae&mjyefomG ;um ...jrefrm0wfEiS ½Yf ;kd ½d;k t&yfom;uJo Y Ykd 0wfqif vmcJaY v\/
vkH[lonf anmifapmif;ay:wufum ajcaxmufESpfzufudk atmufodkYwGJvGJcsum wifyg;vTJ
xdkif&if; ...axG;jr\ tusÐryg AvmtjzLxnfjzpfaom &ifbwfudk wHawmifqpfESifY axmufay;
av&m axG;jrvnf;rdrd\ nmbufvufjzifY vkH[l\ axmufxm;aomvufaumuf0wfudkudkifum
b,fvufjzifY vk[ H \ l axmufxm;aomvufarmif;&ifuu kd ikd u
f m?tomt,m r rNy;D ae&ma½TUapvsuf
rsuEf mS url vk[ H \ l 0dik ;f pufvyS aomrsuEf mS udk pdr;f pdr;f vJv Y YJ wnfw h nfrh wfrwf ½SKpm;aeav\/
eDjref;aom a&eHBuD;rD;awmufonf axG;jr\MunfhykHudk remvdkbdouJYodkY wcsufwcsufwGif
trdk;ESifY tumpyfMum; [aeaomtaygufrS av[wfum rSdwfwkyf rSdwfwkyfjzpfoGm;av\/
axG;jronf vk[ H \ l rsuEf mS udMk unf&h if; &ifwiG ;f uAavmifqefum u½kPmolyek x f í arwÅm
"m;jywkdufae&m vkH[lrSmvnf;rdrdrsufESmudk axG;jru &uf&ufpufpufMunfhaeojzifY taecuf
txdik cf ufjzpfum ½Sut f rf;trf;ESiYf rsuEf mS wGif ½Suaf oG;rsm;jzef;vsuf ½S½d mS av\/
axG;jronf El;nHn h ufanmaom vk[ H \l vufrsm;udk pudik u f wnf;u rvTwaf wmYbJ udik af e&if;
wcsufwcsufwGif tomt,m MuGwJY rwJYum qkyfae&if;u vufzsm;uav;ESifYyGwfowfNyD;
rwwfomíomudkif&ovdk? raxmufwwfíjyay;&ovdk[efrsKd;ESifY vuft&omcHvsuf½Sdav\/
taMumif;rlum; vkH[lrSm a,mufsm;yifjzpfaomfvnf; tom;t&nfaeykH El;El;nhHnHh½Sdí cifopfudk
udik v
f u kd &f bdouJo Y Ykd wtdtEd iS Yf yDwjd zpfz, G af umif;vSaomaMumifw Y nf;/ axG;jru vufaumuf0wfukd
udik xf m;aom rdrn d mbufvufukd vk[ H \ l aygifay:odYk &mxl;a½TUvdu k &f if; ...
]] vkH[l ...}}
[k ac:vdkuf&m vkH[lu r&Jw&J toH0Juav;jzifY ...
]] cifAsm ...}}
[k xl;vdkufav\/
]] 'DrmS ae&wm aysm&f UJ vm; ...}}
vkH[lu bmrSjyefrajymbJ wkHPSdabm vkyfum axG;jrrsufESmrMunfhbJESifY ikHY&if;pOf;pm;ovdk
vkyaf eav\/
]] ajymav ar;aewmudk ...raysmfbl;vm;? raysmfvJ raysmfbl;aygYuGJU }}
vk[ H u l m; pum;ar;r&ay/
]] Munfph rf;? 'Daumifb,fEY , S [ f mvJ ...ar;wmr&bl;? raysmb f ;l xifw,f }}
[k ajymvdu k rf S vk[ H ul acgif;ikaYH e&if;yif ...
]] aysmaf wmYraysmb f ;l ...Adv k rf if; }}
[k ajymvdkufav\/
]] rif; ...igYvufatmufrmS trSKxrf;&&if auseyfw,fqkd ...}}
]] rSefyg auseyfygw,f }}
]] rif; igYudkcspfw,fr[kwfvm; }}
vk[ H u l ½kww f &uf rsuEf mS ysuo f vdjk zpfomG ;Ny;D rS ...
]] Advk rf if;u ...b,fEY , S [ f mawG avQmufar;aewmvJ rqdEk ikd b f ;l }}
[k NAKH;ueJ owdrxm;bJajymvdkuf&m axG;jrvnf;xkdpum;twGuf tcsuf&oGm;um rsm;pGm
0rf;omoGm;rdav\/
]] b,fYES,f[mawG avQmufar;ae&rSmvJuGJU ...igYudkcspfw,fxifvdkY ar;wmaygY? iguvJ
cspaf ewmyJ ...rif;urcspb f ;l vm;? a,mufsm; a,mufsm;csi;f cspw f ,fajym&wm bm½Supf &m½Sv
d }J }
[k ajymvdkufrS
]] uRefawmfvnf; Adkvfrif;udk cspfwmygyJ }}
[k jyefajymvdkufav\/
]] at;uG,f ...'DvdkrSaygY vlBuD;eJYi,fom;? q&meJYwynfhqdkwm wa,mufeJYwa,muf
cspcf spcf ifcif½rdS S [efuswm }} [k ajymNy;D vQif ...
]] igYwynfBh u;D igodycf spw f myJa[U }}
[k NyK;H NyK;H Bu;D ajymum vk[ H \ l aygifay:wGiw f ifxm;aom rdr\ d nmvufukd vk[ H \
l b,fbuf
yckH;pGef;odkY jzwfueJa½TUudkifí vkH[l\vufaumuf0wfudkudkifxm;aom b,fbufvufudkvnf;
uAsmu&m yckH;pGef;ay:½SdvufESifY *a[qufxnfhum vkH[l\udk,fudkqGJ,lvdkufNyD; vnfyif;udk
oli,fcsi;f zuf zufí tm;&yg;& ½Twu f eJaeatmif erf;vdu k af v\/
þtjzpftysufum; rsufpdwrSdwf vQyfwjyuftwGif; NAKH;ueJjzpfysufaom udpöjzpf&m
vk[ H vl nf;...
]] tdk ...Akdvfrif;uvJ }}
[k qdkum uAsmu&m wtm;½kef;uefvdkufavvQif axG;jrvufrSvGwfxGufoGm;av\/
vk[ H ol nf anmifapmif;ay:rSum; rqif;bJ wbuforYkd suEf mS vSnNhf y;D a'goaoG;ygaom rsuEf mS jzifY
ikaYH e&if; pOf;pm;ovdv k yk af e&m ...
]] vkH[l ...}}
[k axG;jruac:vdu k &f m
]] cifAsm ...}}
]] 'Dvdkvkyfwmpdwfqdk;ovm; }}
]] pdwfawmYrqdk;ygbl; odkYayr,fY 'DvdkvkyfwmrBuKdufbl;? uRefawmfwdkY ,dk;',m;vlrsKd; xkH;pHrSm
a,mufsm; a,mufsm;csif; 'Dvdkvkyf&if tifrwef apmfum;&ma&mufw,fvdkY ,lqygw,f }}
]] wdkYjrefrmxkH;pHrSmawmY 'Dvdkr[kwfbl;uG,fY }}
[k ajymNyD;vQif ...
]] uJ ...awmfygNyD oGm;tdyfacsawmY }}
[k cGijfY yKvu kd o f jzifY vk[ H x l u G vf mcJaY v\/
axG;jrum; ...vk[ H \ l taMumif;udk oufaocHvaHk vmufpmG ESiYf wyftyfozd Ykd pkpH rf;cJ&Y m rMumrD
rnfoljzpfaMumif; ususeeod&ojzifY þoluav;twGuf tb,fuJYodkY pDrHzefwD;&rnfudk
pdwu f ;l xkwaf eav\/ xdo k Ykd pdwu f ;l xkwaf epOfyif vk[ H &l wdu k u f kd axG;jrvufatmufrS tjcm;wyfrLS ;
wa,mufjzpfaom a½TawmifyscH sv D ufatmufoYkd a½TUajymif;xm;&ef Adv k cf sKyBf u;D xHrS trdeu Yf svmav&m
axG;jrESiYf vk[ H El pS af ,mufpvk;H tHt Y m;oifu Y m ,lBuK;H r&jzpfomG ;Muav\/
okyYH ef;wyfom;wa,mufukd þwyfrLS ;vufatmufrS xdw k yfrLS ;vufatmufoYkd ajymif;a½TUjcif;ü
wyfom;tay:wGif tjypf½SdrSom a½TU&½dk;xkH;pH½SdcJY&m? ,ckudpöwGif vkH[lübmtjypfrSvnf;r½Sd?
½So
d nf[v k nf;taMumif;rjyyJ Adv k cf sKyBf u;D trdeuYf svmjcif;um; qef;vSay\/ a½TawmifyscH srD mS axG;jrtm;
Advk cf sKyBf u;D u rsuEf mS omay;onft h wGuf remvdo k w l OD;jzpfc&YJ m ...4if;\ OmPfyif jzpfwef&m\[k
,lqrdav\/
axG;jronf xdak eYnoef;acgifavmufwiG f vk[ H u l Ekd KS ;d um rdrt d cef;wGi;f odUk ac:cJNY y;D ckwifay:wGif
wifyg;vTx J ikd &f if; ...
]] rif;udk eufjzefumup igYvufatmufua½TUNy;D a½TawmifyscH sv D ufatmuf xm;&awmYr,f?
rif;b,fvdkvlpm;qkdwm igtwwfodw,f ...'DawmYum }}
[k qdNk y;D a½SUrqufEikd b f J ai;pdu k af eav&m ...vk[ H ul vnf; axG;jra½SUwGif acgif;ik&YH yfaeum
bmrSrajymbJ twefMumatmifawGaeNy;D rS ...
]] uReaf wmfo Y abmawmY Adv k rf if;todom;yJ ...}}
[k ajymvdkufav\/ axG;jrvnf; rdrdajymrnfhpum;twGuf rxGuf&ufEdkifavmufatmif
jzpfae&mu xvmum vkH[ludk rwfwwf&yfayGUzufvdkuf&m vkH[lu ...
]] tdk ...Adv k rf if;uvJ 'Dvrkd vkypf rf;ygeJq Y ?kd uReaf wmfu Y kd rde;f rxifaeovm; }}
[k ajymvdkufav\/ axG;jrum; bmrQjyefrajymbJ zufNrJzufum vkH[l\ jzLazG;tdpufaom
yg;tdu Yk av;ay:wGif rdr\ d cRex f ufaomESmacgif;Bu;D udk ausmufay:ü "m;aoG;ovdak oG;um arT;csiw f ikd ;f
arT;aeNy;D rS cg;wGizf ufxm;aomvufwzufukd NAK;H ueJ 'l;acgufauG;odaYk ½TUí ayGUí,liifvu kd Nf y;D vQif
ckwifay:wifvsuf pdwf½Sdvuf½Sdcspf&ef [efjyifvdkufav\/ vkH[lum; yxrwGif tenf;i,f
½ke;f uefovdv k yk cf aYJ pumrl axG;jrtay:wGif aMumufvnf;aMumuf cspv f nf;cspf ½dak oae&olvnf;jzpfí
tvdu k of ifv Y yk w f ikd ;f cHae&aomtjzpfrsK;d odYk a&mufomG ;av\/
axG;jronf tm;rvdt k m;r&aom trlt&mrsK;d ESiYf ckwifay:wGif yufvufuav;aeum rdrt d m;
oem;pzG,f awmif;yefaf omtrlt&mrsK;d ESiYf Munfah eol vk[ H \l jzLazG;aMumY½iS ;f aom ud, k v f ;Hk ud, k af yguf?
rsuf E S m aeyk H ? tom;aeyk H r sm;ES i f Y ayG U &if ; zuf & if ; rawmf w qay:aeaom aygif & if ; om;
jzLjzLazG;azG;uav;rsm;udk NyK;H NyK;H Bu;D vkyu f m½SKpm;&if; vk[ H t l m; tm;½Syd g;½Scd sp&f ef pDrvH u kd pf Of pnfoH
armif;oHrsm; wnHnjH zpfvmum ...
]] xGuaf p ...xGuMf uap ...&efov l maeNyD }}
[laom wyfaqmfwdkY\ atmf[pfaMuG;aMumfoHrsm;Mum;&ojzifY NAKH;ueJ xwJYNyD; uAsmu&m
ppf0wfrsm;udk 0wfqifxGufvmcJY&m vkH[lvnf; axG;jrxonfESifYwNyKdifeuf rdrdae&mjyefum
ppf0wfwefqm 0wfqifjyifqifí wJtjyifbuf wyfwvif;odYk xGuv f m&av\/
cPtwGi;f wyfawmfrsm;pk½;Hk um ppfoH ppfcsuaf y;Ny;D &efo½l &dS mta½SUbuf (t,k', ¨ buf)
odkY csDwufvmcJYMu\/
&eforl sm;um; txifcw H u kd jf cif;r[kwb f J jrif;wyftenf;i,fEiS Yf wyfawmfem;vma&mufum
wyfvefaY tmifvyk jf cif;rQjzpfí wyfveS NYf y;D onfEiS w Yf NyKid ef uf uqkecf sumajy;oGm;MuojzifY ajy;oGm;aom
jrif;cGmoHuo kd mMum;&um rDatmifrvdu k Ef ikd Mf uawmYay? taMumif;rl ½kww f &uf xGuv f u kd &f jcif;jzpfí
,d;k ',m;NrKUd ½d;k teD;a&mufatmifvu kd &f ef roifaY wmfaMumifw Y nf;? ,d;k ',m;NrKUd ½d;k xdyüf um; 4 buf 4
wef cHwyftoif½Y adS y\/
wyfawmfodkYjyefa&mufaomtcg AdkvfcsKyfBuD; r[maemf&xmonf &efolwkYdukd rDatmifrvdkuf
onfhtwGuf AdkvfvkyfolESifY wyfrSL; 10 a,mufwdkYtm; jyif;pGmtrsufxGufvsuf wkH;zd'PfcHap[k
trdeaYf y;vdu k af v\/
axG;jrrSm Adkvfvkyfol ol&defausmfacgiftm; trDvdkufoifYaMumif; twefwefajymcJYoljzpfí
onf;cHraeEdik af wmYbJ raMumufr½GUH pGepYf m;um ...
]] uRefawmfrsKd;udk avQmufxm;cGifYoem;yg bk&m; }}
[k avQmufvdkufav\/
]] avQmufap ...}}
]] &efojl rif;wyfukd trDvu kd w f ukd of ifaY Mumif; Adv k rf if;udk uReaf wmftBurd Bf urd af vQmufcyYJ gw,f?
Adv
k rf if;u uReaf wmfu Y kd aigufNy;D wm;jrpfvYkd Adv k rf if;trdet Yf wdik ;f vdu
k ef m&jcif;yg? r,k&H if wyfrLS ; 'Dyolukd
ppfar;awmfryl gbk&m; }}
Advk cf sKyBf u;D u ...
]] [kwfuJYvm; ol&defausmfacgif }}
[k ar;vdu k &f m ol&ed af usmaf cgifvnf; oufao 'Dyol½adS eojzifY ruG,0f aHY wmY&um; ...
]] rSefyg }} [k vdkufvdkuf&av\/
]] axG;jrvGwaf p? useo f rl sm; wk;H zd'PfcaH p }}
[k wcsuv f w T t f rdeaYf y;Ny;D Adv k cf sKyBf u;D xGuo f mG ;av\/ xdak eYnu &efoUl aemufov Ykd u
kd &f aom
wyfrSm wwyfwnf;r[kwfbJ wyfaygif;q,fwyfrS ñGefYaygif;pkum wwyfvQif wyfrSL;wa,muf
tkycf sKyaf om wyfom; 100 q,fpk aygif;pyfí axmifwyfzUJG um Adv k w f a,mufcefNY y;D csw D ufomG ;&jcif;
jzpfav\/
tpOftvmxk;H pHrmS olUwyfEiS o Yf ?l olUAdv k Ef iS o
Yf l zGUJ pnf;Ny;D twdik ;f tkypf nf;rysuf csw D ufomG ;½d;k
½Sdaomfvnf; ta&;taMumif;ay:í tusOf;tMuyfawGUBuKHvmaomtcg usifYom;&ap&ef þuJYodkY
cswD ufapjcif;um; ...Adv k cf sKyBf u;D r[maemf&xm\ xl;jcm;aom ppfy&d,m,fwrsK;d yifjzpfay\/
axG;jrrSm Adv k cf sKyBf u;D ud,k w f ikd t
f yk cf sKyaf om wyfrS wyfrLS ;jzpfí tjcm;aom Adv k v
f yk o
f wl xYkd ufyif
Adv
k cf sKyBf u;D ESi&Yf if;ES;D um ajym&Jq&kd ½J cdS o YJ nft h wdik ;f xdak eYnu Adv k v
f yk of l ol&ed af usmaf cgif\jyKryl uHk kd
xkwaf zmfajymqdck &YJ m ...rdrt d wGuf wk;H zd'PfrcH&bJ oufom&m&cJaY v\/
odkYaomf a½SUtzdkYwGif rdrdütjypfuif;atmifaeEdkifrS ol&defausmfacgif uJYodkYaomolwdkY\
vufpm;wkefYjyefjcif;udk a½SmifuGif;EdkifrnfhtaMumif; pOf;pm;rd&m &ifyloGm;rdav\/ taMumif;rlum;
vkH[ltwGuf waeYaeYü tjypfay:aygufvmrnfhta&;udk awG;rdaomaMumifYwnf;? aemufwaeY
eHeufvif;onfEiS w Yf NyKid ef uf vH[ k rl mS wyfrLS ;a½TawmifyscH s\ D vufatmufoYkd a½TUajymif;oGm;&av&m
axG;jrrSm vk[ H tl wGuf trsK;d rsK;d ta&;rsm; awG;awmylyif pd;k &drv f suf toufxm;p&mae&m r½So d avmuf
jzpfomG ;av\/
tcef; ( * )
vkH[ludka½TUNyD; 5 &ufajrmufaomaeY eHeufcif;wGif ,dk;',m;okHYyef; vkH[l&wdkufqdkol nu

xGufajy;oGm;í wm0ef½Sdolt&m½Sdrsm; vdkufvH½SmazGaeaMumif;Mum;&av\/ xdkaeYn okH;csufwD;
wdkifatmif vkH[ludk½SmrawGUojzifY AdkvfcsKyfBuD;onf wm0ef½Sdolrsm;tm; toD;oD;ppfar;um
wk;H zdaevSe;f 'Pf 3 &ufqufcaH p&ef trdecYf svu kd af v\/
ppfwyfw\ Ykd xk;H pHrmS waxmifwyfEiS Yf ig;&mwyf[í l ESprf sK;d ½S&d m wyfom;aygif; 1000 zGUJ pnf;
xm;aomwyfuw dk axmifwyfac:í wyfom;aygif; 500 zGUJ pnf;xm;aomwyfukd ig;&mwyf[k ac:ay\/
wyfzGJUpnf;ykHum; ppfom; 5 a,mufvQif ]]tdk;pm;BuD;}} ac: vlBuD;wa,mufxm;í tkyfcsKyfap\?
tdk;pm;ESpfa,muftay:u ]]aoG;aomufBuD;}} wa,mufxm;í tkyfcsKyfap\? aoG;aomufBuD;rSm
wyfom; 50 udt k yk cf sKy&f oljzpfí xD;eDaqmif;um aiGuyG "f m;udik í f wyfcso D nfh tcgwdik ;f jrif;pD;vdu
k &f \?
aoG;aomufBu;D ESpaf ,muftay:u wyfrLS ;wa,mufxm;í tkycf sKyaf p\/
wyfrLS ;rSm xD;eDtxG#ef m;½Guf a½Tcsaqmif;cGi&Yf \? wyfrLS ; 5 a,muftay:u Adv k w f a,muf
tkycf sKy&f vQif xdAk v kd \f vufatmufwiG f wyfom; 500 ½Sí d xdw k yfukd ig;&mwyf[ak c:\? wyfrLS ; 10
a,muftay:u Adv k wf a,mufxm;ítkycf sKyaf pvQif xdAk v kd \ f vufatmufwiG f wyfom; waxmif½í dS
waxmifwyf[kac:ay\? xdkodkY wwyfvkH;udktkyfcsKyf&aom ig;&mwyfAdkvf? waxmifwyfAdkvfrsKd;udk
wyfAv kd [f vk nf;aumif;? wyfrif;[kvnf;aumif;ac:um a½Tx;D aqmif;cGiYf ay;xm;av\/
wyfAdkvf odkYr[kwf wyfrif;rsm;rSm txufyg rdrdwdkYvufatmufcHwyfom;rsm;tjyif vl,kH?
ud, k &f aH c:aom oufawmfapmifo Y zG,jf zpfonfh tvGwv f l 30 ausmf 40 cefY ac:avY½adS o;ay\/
xdkwyfAdkvfwdkY\txufu wyfaygif;Adkvf[kxm;um tkyfcsKyfap&m wyfaygif;Adkvfrsm;
vufatmufwGif wyfAdkvfESpfa,mufjzpfap? xdkxufrsm;rsm;jzpfap yg0ifEdkif\? wyfaygif;AdkvfwdkY
txufurS Adv k cf sKyw f a,mufxm;í tkycf sKyaf p\? Akv d cf sKyv f ufatmufwiG f wyfaygif;Adv k w f a,muf
upí ta&twGufr½Sdyg0ifEdkif\? xdkAdkvfcsKyfwdkYtxufurS ppfbk&ifxm;umtkyfcsKyfap&m ...
ppfbk&if&mxl;rSm aqGawmfrsKd;awmf rif;nDrif;om;rsm;ESifY bk&ifrif;jrwfudk,fwdkif vdkufygwdkufcdkuf
aomtcgrS xm;aom&mxl;rsK;d omjzpfay\/
þodt Yk qiYq f iftY yk cf sKyo f mG ;&m ppfb&k ifudk Adv k cf sKyu
f wm0efcí H ? Adv
k cf sKyuf kd wyfaygif;Adv
k u
f
wm0efcHapNyD;vQif wyfaygif;Adkvfudk wyfAdkvfuwm0efcHvsuf? wyfAdkvfudk wyfrSL;u? wyfrSL;udk
aoG;aomufBuD;u? aoG;aomufBuD;udk ppfMuyfu? ppfMuyfudk tdk;pm;BuD;u toD;oD; wm0efcHum
tkyfcsKyfoGm;&ay\/
odjYk zpfí vk[ H &l wdu k t f a&;wGif wm0efcjH zpfMuaomolrsm;rSm wyfaygif;Adv k uf td;k pm;Bu;D txd
t&m½Sd 6 a,mufjzpfay\? axG;jrrSm vk[ H El iS pYf yfí rdrt d ay:wGit f jypfuif;vGw½f rHk u rdrv d ufatmuf
aepOf ao0yfydjym;pGm½Sdí a½TUvdkufonfESifYwNyKdifeuf xGufajy;oGm;cJYojzifY rdrdtwGufydkíyif
AdkvfcsKyfBuD;xHü rsufESmaumif;&vdkufav\/
odkYaomf arwÅm u½kPm wPSm"mwfa&mpGufí 0uf0ufuGJatmif pGJrufjrwfEdk;oluav;\
rsuEf mS udk rjrif&awmYNyjD zpfojzifY ig;&HUjymvl;jzpfum r&yfrwnfEikd jf zpfomG ;rdav\/
axG;jrrSm cG&J umeD; tcspBf u;D csp&f ef [efjyifaepOf pm;umeD;xrif;yGt J vkc&H ouJoYkd tm;rvdk
tm;r& ,lBuKH;r& jzpfoGm;&&m ,ciftcgu tpOf;pm;BuD;um vufaES;cJYonfudk jyefvnf
aemifw&rdav\/
axG;jronf vk[ H u l kd pwifjrifuwnf;u rouFmojzifY trsK;d rsK;d tuJcwfppfaMumum pkpH rf;cJ&Y m
...aemufq;Hk wGif a,mufsm;r[kwb f J rde;f rtppfjzpfaMumif; od&av\/
xdkodkY rdef;rjzpfaMumif; od&apumrl ...umarokrdpämpm&uH\ tpGrf;tpESifY b0y#doaE¨
upNyD; a,mufsm;pdwf0ifaeaom (a,mufus½Sm) ac: a,mufsm;½SmtrsKd;tpm; jzpfavovm; ...
[k xduyg; &duyg;vkyMf unfch &YJ m xdo k v Ykd nf;r[kwaf Mumif;od&ojzif?Y e*dw k nf;uvnf; cspaf erdonfEiS Yf
ppfwyfxJaepOf ysif;&dnnf;aiGUjcif;rS aysmufuif;apawmY cspfvdkufawmYrnf[k oabmydkufNyD;
twnfaygufcsp&f ef BucH \ YJ /
odkY&mwGif um,uH½SifvkH[lu oabmrwlvQifvnf;aumif;? tjcm;rvdkolrsm; odoGm;vQif
vnf;aumif;? rdrdxHa&mufvmrnfhab;udk awG;aMumufpdk;&drfum tpOf;pm;BuD;aecJYpOf vkH[ludk
a½TUajymif;&awmYrnfqakd wmYrS pd;k &drjf cif;wdu Yk kd NzKzd suu f m BupH nfrjd cif;jzpfay\/
axG;jronf xdak eYrpS í jrefrmEdik if w H iG u f se&f pfcaYJ om &nf;pm;cspf cifopfukd vGr;f qGw&f onfu
wzkH ...vkH[ltwGufuwrsKd;? tylwckwdk;um trsKd;rsKd;aqG;ajrUae&av\? tcsdefum; aEG&moDrS
rd;k &moDoaYkd jymif;&efjyifvsu½f adS v\/
,dk;',m;jynfwGif jrpfacsmif;?tif;tdkifaygrsm;í wjynfvkH;vdkvdk acsmif;ayguf? ajrmif;ayguf?
jrpfaygufrsm;wnf½adS e&m xkjd rpf xdak csmif;rsm;onf t,k', ¨ NrKUd awmfukd ywfvnf0ef;&Hvsuf jrpf? acsmif;
[lorQvnf; yifv,fEiS w Yf pyfwnf;csn;f jzpfaeojzifY rd;k Owka&mufvQif wjynfv;Hk a&vTr;f um ajrjyifr½Sd
a&jyifyuwdavmufjzpfoGm;rnfhta&; awG;awmpOf;pm;vsuf qif? jrif;wdkYudk a&vGwf&m ukef;jrifY?
awmifypl mrsm;odyYk NYkd y;D vQif &JavS? orÁef tajrmuftjrm;wnfvyk u f m wmwrH? a&umwmrsm; qnfí
wyfawmfrsm;udk tkwpf D ajrzdx Yk m;ESiMYf uav\/
t,k'¨,NrKdUawmfrSm tvGefw&mBuD;us,fcdkifcefYí NrKdU½dk;xdyfwGif ajymif;tajrmufwifum
jrefrmwyfrsm;odyYk pfcwfaeonft h jyif NrKUd ywfvnf½dS jrpf? acsmif;rsm;rSmvnf; ,d;k ',m;wdu Yk csxm;aom
ukvm;jzL? jyifopfvrl sK;d wdu Yk oabFm? orÁef &JavSrsm;wGif tajrmuf? pdeaf jymif;rsm;wifum ckcyH pfcwf
aeMuaomaMumifY jrefrmwyfawmfbufrSm tawmfyif txdtcdkuf? tustqkH; rsm;aeav\/
rMumrD awG;xifarQmjf rifxm;onft h wkid ;f ,d;k ',m;wjynfv;Hk a&jyiftwduo YJ Ykd jzpfvmav\?
,d;k ',m;vlrsK;d wdrYk mS jrpfacsmif;udk ajrBu;D toGix f ifrw S u f m a&ay:üazmifzUJG ? tdraf qmufavY½adS om
vlrsKd;jzpfí xdkodkYa&vTrf;vmjcif;onfyif 4if;wdkYtwGuf tcsuf&vmouJYodkY 0rf;omtm;&
jzpfaeMuav\/
xdkodkY 0rf;omtm;&jzpfonfhtwdkif;yif waeYoü trwfBuD; jAoHonf &JavS 2000? orÁef
500 ESiYf a&aMumif;ppfom;vufa½G;pifrsm;udw k ifum ppfoH ppfcsuaf y;íxGuv f mav&m Adv k cf sKyBf u;D
r[maemf&xmvnf; &JavS 700 ESifY Adkvf 6 OD;udkac:um udk,fwdkifxGufíwdkufavvQif ,dk;',m;
a&wyf z½dzk &Jysupf ;D í aemufq;Hk wGif jAoHu, kd w f ikd uf ykd if t½Siv f uf& zrf;rdav\/
þodu Yk m; olwjyef ud, k w
f jyef wdu k cf ukd af eMu&m ...jrefrmwdu Yk ta&;omonfqakd omfvnf;
,d;k ',m;NrKUd wGi;f odYk csO;f eif;aygufa&muf&ef cufcv J su½f cdS aYJ v\/ od&Yk mwGif t,k', ¨ NrKUd awmfukd
4 jyif 4 bufvkH;rS wyfawG0dkif;xm;ojzifY NrKdUwGif;rSvlrsm; NrKdUjyifodkYrxGufEdkif&m ...NrKdUwGif;wGif
tpma&pmukecf ef;aomaeYü t,k'N¨ rKUd om;wdYk 'kua© wGUrnfrmS rkcsyifjzpfay\/
jrefrmwdt Yk wGuu f m; t,k', ¨ NrKUd awmfuckd sev f yS í f ,d;k ',m;wjynfv;Hk odr;f ydu k t f yk pf ;kd ae&&m
tppvdak vao;r½Sd jynfph aHk eonfjh yif wyfawmfom;tcsKUd tm; v,f,mrsm;vkyu f ikd af pvsuf rsK;d &dum©
twGuyf if tqufrjywfatmif pDrx H m;½Scd aYJ v\/ rMumrD a&rsm;usum ajryifjzpfvmav\/
axG;jronf waeYaomnaecif;wGif wyfjyifbufppfwvif;ü pBuaF vQmufaepOf ukvm;Adv k f
aywvlrdvwf\wyfrS ]]zD;vpf}} ac: wyfrSL;ay:opfa&mufvmav&m? cifopftaMumif;udk pOf;pm;
aecdu k jf zpfí ay:opfujkd rifonfEiS w Yf NyKid ef uf tm;&0rf;omjzpfum ...
]] [m ...armifay:opf rvmwmMumvSNyD? bmrsm;jzpfaeovJvdkY }}
]] atmifr,f ...'gxuf cifAsm; Mum;yvm; aejynfawmfa½TUNy;D ywJY }}
]] tif[ Y if rMum;bl;? aejynfawmfa½TU½krH uvdYk ajrBu;D yg,lomG ;? 'if;wdrYk vGwb f ;l }}
]] cifAsm;u b,fEY , S [f mawGavQmufawG;aeovJ? usKyw f EYkd ikd if uH aejynfawmfajymwmAs }}
]] aMomf ...'Dvdkvm;? b,fa½TUowJYvJ }}
]] tif;0aygYAs? cifAsm;uvJ arYaeNyx D ifw,f ...uReaf wmfwYkd 'Drvmcifuwnf;u NrKUd awmf
a½TUr,fqNkd y;D tif;0udk NrKUd opftwnfcikd ;f wmyJ }}
[k ajymvdkufrS axG;jrvnf; owd&ovdkjzpfum ...
]] aMomf tif; tif; ...[kwfom;yJ? EdkY 'gjzifY wdkufpdk;BuD;wdkYa&m AdkvfuawmfwdkYyg tif;0
a&mufaeMuNyaD ygY }}
]] a&mufaeMuNyDav? 'gwifb,furvJ wNrKdUvkH;aygY? a½TbdkrSm qif;&Jom;xJu enf;enf;yJ
usefawmYowJY }}
]] armifay:opf 'Dowif;b,fuMum;vJ }}
]] raeYu tif;0uvlwa,muf uRefawmfwdkYwyfa&mufvmw,f }}
]] b,folrsm;vJ }}
]] cifAsm;rodygbl;? t&ifwek ;f u tjrifrY mS aewJv Y ?l ukvm;jzL A&if*sx D uJ yg }}
]] EdkY [dkrSm usef;usef;rmrm½SdMu&JUwJYvm; }}
]] tm;vk;H use;f use;f rmrmygyJw?YJ wdu k pf ;kd Bu;D wdt Yk rd of m;awGvJ use;f use;f rmrm½SMd uw,fqw kd m
cifAsmYudk ajymvdkufygvdkY uRefawmfwdkYtdrfurSmvdkufw,f }}
]] 'Djyifaum bmrSmvdkufao;ovJ }}
]] 'DjyifawmY bmrSrrSmygbl; }}
]] aMomf aMomf ...uRefawmfarYvdkY ,lrvmcJYrdbl;? eufjzefcgrS tydkYcdkif;vdkufr,f? tdrfu
0ufom;ajcmufrek eYf YJ trJajcmufawGay;vdu k wf ,f? y&ifopf opfo;D ,dak wGvyJ gw,f? tJ'g cifAsmu Y v kd J
cGJay;ygvdkY rSmvdkufw,f }}
xdo k aYkd jymaepOf wyfom;wa,mufa&mufvmum axG;jrtm; Adv k cf sKyBf u;D tac:cdik ;f aMumif;
ajymojzifY ay:opfudkESKwfqufum xGufvmcJYav\/
aemufwaeYeeH ufwiG f &wemyl& t0a½TNrKUd awmfrS ...bk&ifrif;jrwf\trdeEYf iS Yf Adv k cf sKyBf u;D
r[maemf&xmu bk&ifu Y ,kd pf m; wyfrLS ; 3 a,muftm; bGUJ wHqyd af y;av&m? axG;jrrSm ...&Jausmo f &l
[l a om bG J U emrnf t oem;cH & ojzif Y Ak d v f y k H y &d w f o wf t vnf w G i f xif a y:ol w a,muf
jzpfoGm;&av\/ppfa&;um; waeYwjcm;ta&;BuD;vmcJY&m jrefrmwdkYrSmwdkufvkdufwdkif;tEdkif&í
,d;k ',m;wdcYk sn;f ½SK;H aeojzifY ,d;k ',m;wdaYk Mumuf½UHG wkev f KS yu
f m ppfwu kd x f u G &f ef wHcg;wckomcsev f yS Nf y;D
useaf omt,k', ¨ NrKUd awmfwcH g;0rsm;udt k wk tf jynfph u D m taoydwq f x Ykd m;av\/
waeYaomeHeufcif;wGif ,dk;',m;trwfBuD; z,m;wdkuf AdkvfcsKyfvkyfí wdkufqif okH;&m?
vSn;f ?&xm;wif tajrmufig;&m ...&Jrufwyfom; ok;H aomif;ESiYf t,k', ¨ NrKUd awmfrS xGuv f mum?
NrKUd awmftaemufbuf½dS r[maemf&xm\wyfoYkd a½SU½SKxu G v f monfukd t&Hwyfawmfrsm;ujrifMuí
r[maemf&xmxH oGm;a&mufavQmufxm;Muav\/
xdt Yk csed w f iG f NrKUd ta½SUajrmufbuf½dS aersK;d oD[yawY\wyfov Ykd nf; trwfBu;D z,m;z&efa&
Adv k cf sKyv
f yk í f xdrk Qavmufaom ppfonf&rJ uf vufeufrsm;ESiyYf if wcsed w f nf; oGm;a&mufwu dk cf u kd f
av\? r[maemf&xmonf wcPtwGi;f pDrcH efcY u JG m ...wyfaygif;Adv k f 6 a,mufwu Ydk kd wdu k q f if
120? ppfjrif; 1200? wyfom; 12000 ESifY xm;0,faMumif;wyfrawmfBuD; wckvkH;\ ppfuJBuD;jzpfol
aersKd;*kPÖ&wftm; AdkvfcsKyfcefYum wdkufcdkufap\? wyfrSL; &Jausmfol& axG;jrudk ppfuJBuD;
vufatmufwGif 500 wyfudktkyfcsKyfaom Adkvfwa,muftjzpfESifY tprf;oyf ppfAdkvfcefYvdkuf&m
ukvm;Adkvf aywvlrdvwfwyfrS aywvl\nD wyfrSL;ay:opfudkvnf; &Jausmfol& axG;jr
vufatmufwiG f wyfrLS ;tjzpfEiS Yf vdu k yf gxrf;½Guaf pav\? Adv k cf sKyBf u;D onf wyfxu G u f meD; &Jausmo f &l
axG;jrtm; ...
]] 'DuaeY armifrif;udk Adv k tf jzpfeYJ tprf;cefvY u kd w f ,f? trSKawmfukd oufpeG BYf uK;d yrf;xrf;½Guv f Ykd
yG&J vm&if rMumcif tNrw J rf;jzpfrmS yJ? ppfOya' ppfpnf;urf;udv k nf; txl;½dak ovdu k ef m&r,f armifrif;
...}}
[k rSmvdkufav\/
axG;jrrSm Adkvfvdk0wfum a½TxD;aqmif;í wyfAkdvf wyfrif;wOD;jzpfoGm;&onfhtwGuf
ajymrukefEdkifatmif 0rf;ajrmufum rdrd\wcPrQ&½Sdaomusufoa&udkyif cifopftm; jrifvdkuf
apcsiaf ompdwrf sK;d jzpfomG ;rdav\/
pnfoH? armif;oH? ESJoH? c&moHwdkYrSm qlnHum yGufavm½dkufvsuf ppfcsuf ppfoHrsm;ay;um
a<u;aMumf[pfatmfaMumfjimí ,d;k ',m;wyfBu;D udk w[kew f nf;xd;k wdu k v f u kd &f m ,d;k ',m;wdu Yk vnf;
vltm;ESifYzdum ½SdorSvufeuftpkHESifY w[kefwnf;xdk;twdkufwGif ESpfOD;ESpfbuf tqkwfcufvsuf
wOD;udk wOD; rxd;k azmufEikd b f J tcuftcJBuKaH eav\/
xdo k jYkd zpfaepOf ta&;jrifaom ppfuBJ u;D aersK;d *kP&Ö wfonf wyfawmfrsm;udk eHab;odYk cGmxGuf
apvsuf ppfaMumif;ESpaf Mumif;jzpfatmif trdeaYf y;Ny;D ,d;k ',m;wyfukd ñSyyf ;l ñSyyf w d jf zpf&ef pDrv H ukd af v\?
ppfuBJ u;D \&nf½, G cf suu f &kd yd rf ad om ,d;k ',m;Adv k cf sKyf z,m;wdu k v f nf; olcmG vQif ud, k cf mG csi;f qdo k vdk
jrefrmwyfomG ;&mvdu k yf gcGmxGuí f ppfEpS b f ufaeatmif jzefv Y ukd af v\/
xkdodkY AdkvfcsKyfESpfOD;\pDrHcsuft& ESpfbufppfonfwdkYrSm wbufESifYwbufwdkufom
ypfomatmif tvSr;f uGmoGm;Mu&m? xdt k cgüum; olUxufiga½SUodw Yk ;dk í wdu k cf u
kd Mf uav\? qifvQif
qifcsi;f ? jrif;vQif jrif;csi;f ? wyfom;vQiw f yfom;csi;f twif;eif;umwdu k af eMu&m wyfAv kd f &Jausmo f &l
(axG;jr) vnf; rdrdwyfom;rsm;udk aemufrqkwf&atmif "m;w0ifY0ifYESifY pDrH aqmfuGyfaeav\/
wBudrfwGif ,dk;',m;bufrS Adkvfr[kwf? wyfrSL;jzpf[ef½Sdolwa,mufu tcsif;csif;cGgí
wduk af e&mrS ½kww f &uf tkyv f u kd rf nf[
h efrsK;d ESiYf aemufvu kd w
f yfom;rsm;ygwygwnf; ajy;wufvmcJ&Y m?
&J a usmf o l & (axG ; jr) wyf r S wyf r S L ;ay:opf v nf ; ol \ tk y f p k y gwyf o m;rsm;ES i f Y a½S U qk H ; u
a&mufaeí...
]] wufvdkuf ...}}
[k &Jausmfol&u trdefYay;vdkufav\/
ay:opfrSm aywvl\a`rSmufpm;csuft& wyfrSL;&mxl; &vmcJYapumrl þuJYodkY &ifqdkif
tBuw d t f e,fwu kd yf rJG sK;d wGif wcgrQ a½SUqk;H uraecJb Y ;l &m ... e*dyk uwd owÅu d vnf;enf;yg;oljzpfí
AdkvfvkyfolrSmvnf; &if;ESD;aom oli,fcsif;rdwfaqGjzpfaeojzifY a½SUrwufbJ aMumufaMumufESifY
aemufqkwfvdkufav\/
ay:opf aemufqw k v f u kd of nfEiS w Yf NyKid ef uf &Jausmo f &l wyfrmS wwyfv;Hk tHt Y m;oifo Y mG ;um
wefo Y mG ;av\/
xdktcsdefwGif AdkvfcsKyfjzpfol ppfuJBuD;onf &Jausmfol&ESifY reD;ra0;wGif½Sd&m &Jausmfol&tm;
rsufvkH;jyL;um vSrf;MunfhvdkufonfwGif ... &Jausmfol&vnf; ppfuJBuD;rsufvkH;wGif rdrdtouf
qkH;½SKH;&rnfhta&; csufcsif;ajy;jrifum? cifopfrsufESmrjrifEdkifawmYbJ vufu"m;udk cg;odkY
xd;k oGi;f vdu k Nf y;D ...
]] rqkwfeJY wufvdkuf }}
[k ajym&if; wyfrSL;ay:opfudk aoewfESifYypfcsvdkuf&m ay:opfrSm wcgwnf;yGJcsif;NyD;
usomG ;av\? wufvmaom ,d;k ',m;Adv k o f nf &Jausmo f &l vkyyf u Hk dk em;rvnfEikd af om trlt&mESiYf
MunfhaepOfyif ...&Jausmfol&vnf; udk,fwkdifa½SUodkYwufum ,dk;',m;wyfxJodkY twif;0ifí
wdu k cf ukd af v\/
ay:opfukd aoewfESifYypfykH jrif&aom wyfawmfom;rsm;vnf; toufqHzsm;xdwfvefYum
aemuforYkd qkw0f aYH wmYbJ t&Ju;kd um ,d;k ',m; qify?Hk jrif;yk?H vlyx Hk o J Ykd wk;d a0SU0ifa&muf wku d cf u kd af vrS
aemufaxmuf jrefrmwyfawmfrsm;vnf; w[kew f nf; zdzpd ;D pD;wdu k cf u kd Mf uav&m 2 em&Dceft Y MumwGif
,d;k ',m;wyfBu;D vefí Y tjyif;qkwcf mG xGuaf jy;Muav\/
&Jausmo f &l vnf; NrKUd wHcg;a&mufatmif vdu k v f aH jcmufveS NYf y;D rS ay:opftavmif;vdu k ½f mS &m
usq;Hk oltavmif;aumifawGMum;wGif ½kyv f u©Pmray: rsuEf mS zrf;r&atmifjym;aeaom ay:opf\
wyfrLS ;t0wfEiS Yf tavmif;aumifwaumifuakd wGU&ojzifY ay:opftavmif;yJqNkd y;D ,lvmcJ&av\/
xdak eYu wdu k yf w JG iG f ,d;k ',m;wdx Yk rH S qifw&mausm?f jrif;ESp&f mausm?f vlwaxmif t½Si&f vdu k f
onft h euf 3 ykH wykaH usmaf usmrf mS &Jausmo f &l \wyfrS vdu k vf zH rf;qD;&rdjcif; jzpfav\/
wdu k yf rJG jS yefta&mufwiG f Akv d cf sKyBf u;D ud, k w f idk f wdu k cf ukd yf pHk pfaq;&m? ay:opfukd aoewfjzifY
ypfowfNyD; &Jausmfol&udk,fwdkif twif;0ifa&mufwkdufcdkufykHudk ppfuJBuD;u rSefonfhtwkdif; tppfcH
ojzifY Akv d cf sKyBf u;D r[maemf&xmu axG;jrtm; cs;D usL;aomrsuEf mS xm;jzifY Munf½h KS um ...
]] rif; 'Dvo kd m trSKawmfxrf;½Guo f mG ;&if waeYaeY Akv d cf sKyjf zpfrmS yJ }}
[k ajymvdkufav\/
r[maemf&xmu i,fom;rsm;tay:ü cs;D rGr;f pum;ajymcJv&S m axG;jrrSm r[maemf&xmxHrS
tpGr;f ukef cs;D usL;oHrsK;d Mum;&ojzifY wcPtwGi;f Akv d cf sKyBf u;D jzpfomG ;&oavmuf 0rf;ajrmuftm;wuf
oGm;av\/
AdkvfcsKyfBuD;onf ay:opftavmif;udk ,lvmonfhtwGuf tenf;i,fjypfwifpum;ajymNyD;
xGufcGmoGm;avrS axG;jrvnf; rdrdtjzpfudkjyefvnfowd&um ,lBuKH;r&jzpfoGm;av\/
xdkaeYnwGif &Jausmfol& axG;jrESifY ukvm;Akdvf aywvlrdvwfwdkYonf ay:opftavmif;udk
A&if*sD ukvm;jzLwdYk xk;H pHtwkid ;f zkwu f sn;f oN*K[ d u f m wyfawmfEiS rYf eD;ra0;wGif jrKyEf v HS u kd Mf uav\/
ay:opfum; ,d;k ',m;jynfppfajrjyifwiG f ae&pfc&YJ avNy?D t0a½TNrKUd awmf½dS tpfrjzpfol cifopf
Mum;odygrl tb,fuo YJ Ykd ae½SmvdrrYf nfenf;/
&Jausmfol& axG;jronf aemufwaeYeHeufwGif ukvm;AdkvfxHoGm;um wdkufyGJjzpfysuf&ykH
vk;H apYyg'fapY ajymjyNy;D ...
]] tJ'gyJ Adkvfrif;&JU? olqkwfwm ...AdkvfcsKyfvkyfwJY ppfuJBuD;eJY wyfaygif;AdkvfawGrjrif&if
i,fom;avmufjrif½eHk aYJ wmY ta&;rBu;D Edik b f ;l ...zk;H Edik zf Ed ikd w f ,f? ckawmY ppfuBJ u;D ud, k w f ikd jf rifvYkd
uReaf wmfu Y kd rsuv f ;Hk jyL;Munfv h u
kd wf ,f? wdu k yf x JG u G u f meD;uvJ Adv k cf sKyBf u;D u woD;wjcm; ppfOya'
½dkaovdkufemzdkY trdefYay;vdkufw,f? uRefawmfu 'Dvdkrvkyf&if ppfuJBuD;u uRefawmfeJYay:opf
ESpaf ,mufv;Hk ypfowfrmS trSeyf ?J 'DawmY ESpaf ,mufao&r,ft Y pm; wa,mufomaoapawmYqNkd y;D
vkycf &YJ wmyJ? uReaf wmfawmY ay:opftwGuf woufv;Hk ,lBuK;H r&jzpfaeawmYrmS ygyJ? Adv k rf if;rsuEf mS vJ
rMunf0h aYH tmifjzpfomG ;w,f? [dk aejynfawmfus&if cifeYJ Adv k uf awmfwrYkd suEf mS b,fvv kd yk Mf unf&h r,f
rodao;bl; ...}}
[k ajymvdu k &f m ukvm;Adv k v f nf; 0rf;enf;aMuuGaJ omtrlt&mjzifY em;axmifaeNy;D rS ...
]] NyD;NyD;om;udpö ...b,fvdkrS rwwfEdkifawmYbl;aygY? olUtjypfeJYoludk ...b,folrS
tjypfwifp&mr½Sdaybl;? usKyfvJ wyfrSL;'Dyoludk ar;Munfhygw,f? jzpfysufykH tajctaeu tck
armifaxG;jrajymwJYtwdkif; olUudku,fvdkYrjzpfEdkifwJYtaea&mufaew,f? olUudku,f&if u,folyg
taocH&r,f? wyfawmfBu;D rSmvJ ta&;edro Yf mG ;r,f? 'gYaMumifY ...armifaxG;jr b,fvrkd S pdwrf aumif;
r½Sed ?YJ usKyb f ,fvrkd S ratmufarYb;l }}
]] Advk rf if;uawmY oabmxm;Bu;D vdYk [kwyf g&JU? cifeYJ Adv k u f awmfwu Ykd qd&k if rde;f rom;rd.Yk ..}}
]] tdk ...olwdkYudkvJ usKyfajymraygY? jzpfNyD;om;trSK bmwwfEdkifrSmvJ? NyD;wmNyD;apaygY }}
]] 'gxuf Adv k cf sKyBf u;D u raeYuwdu k yf u JG tjyef armifaxG;jrudk odycf s;D rGr;f vdu k w f ,fqykd gvm;}}
[k ar;vdkuf&m ...
]] cs;D rGr;f aywJY 0rf;romEdik yf gbl; Adv k rf if;&,f? ay:opfrsuEf mS om jrifaeawmYwmyJ }}
]] 'gudak zsmufypfvu kd f ...usKyv f aJ zsmufypfvu kd Nf y?D olUtaMumif;awG;rd&if 0rf;enf;rSmtrSeyf ?J
armifaxG;jr ckvkd bGUJ awG&wm ...Adv k t f jzpfeYJ tprf;oyfcefcY &H wm? Adv k cf sKyBf u;D u cs;D rGr;f cH&wmawG
0rf;omygw,f? Bu;D yGm;vdrrYf ,fqw kd m usKyjf rifvYkd tpua`rmS ufvu kd w
f myJ }}
]] Adv
k rf if;aus;Zl; woufqyfrukeyf gbl; Adv k rf if;&,f ...uReaf wmfY ...}}
[k a½SUrqufEikd b f J wef&Y yfaeNy;D rS aywvluyif ajzmif;jzajymqdo k jzifY tjcm;pum;rsm;ajymum
xrif;pm;&ef tcsed af &mufonfEiS Yf jyefvmcJav\/
axG;jrrSm xdkaeYupí ay:opftwGuf,lBuKH;r&jzpfvsuf rMumcP ay:opfoif;csKdif;teD;
oGm;a&mufNyD; 0rf;enf;ylaqG;avY½Sd&m xdktjcif;t&mudk ukvm;Adkvfudk,fwkdifu od½SdojzifY ajzmif;jz
ajymqdw k m;jrpfxm;&av\/
taMumif;rlum; ukvm;Adv k f aywvlrmS axG;jrtay:ü pdwef mjcif;r½S?d yuwde*dpk w d t
f wdik ;f
aumif;usKd;vdkvm;cJY&m ppfwdkufaepOf pdwfESvkH;aqG;ajrUaeu yGJ&atmifwdkufEdkifrnfr[kwfonfudk
awG;rdaomaMumifw Y nf;/
axG;jrrSm rawmf&ao;aom a,mufzavmif;twGuf rawG;&ufavmufatmif ylavmifvsuf
½Sd&m ...xdkodkYylavmifjcif;rSm ay:opfudkvGrf;vSíomr[kwfbJ aejynfawmfa&mufvQif cifopf\
pdwfü wrsKd;wrnfxifum txifvGJtjrifvGJjzpfNyD; pdwfemoGm;rnfudkpdk;vSaomaMumifY xdkrQavmuf
ylyefcjYJ cif;jzpfav\/
,dk;',m;wdkYrSm wdkufvdkufwdkif;ta&;rvSojzifY ...tBuHwrsKd;xGifum t,k'¨,NrKdU½dk;
tjyifbuf½Sd usKH;av;bufudkywfum wmig;&mtus,f½Sdaom tkwfNrKdUcHwyfaygif; 50 ta&;wBuD;
wnfaqmufí ...ajymif;tajrmuf pDpOfcif;usif;um avmufvTJwkH;armif;paom qifcvkwf?
jrif;cvkwrf sm; pDrx H m;½Sv d suf a&bufrv S nf; jyifopfoabFmtrsm;ESiYf ckcx H m;av\/
Advk cf sKyBf u;D r[maemf&xmvnf; aersK;d oD[yawYEiS w Yf ikd yf ifum?t,k', ¨ NrKUd awmf 4 rsuEf mS udk
ywfí tkwNf rKUd cHwyfaygif; 27 NrKUd wnfum wefaqmif;jytd;k ESiw Yf uG crf;crf;em;em;aqmufvyk v f suf
NrKUd xdyüf tajrmuf? pdeaf jymif;rsm;wifum ...aeYpOf t,k', ¨ NrKUd wGi;f odYk ypfvw T af v\/
jrefrmcHwyfNrKdUrsm;rSm tjrifYajray:rS tcsKdU 7 awmif? tcsKdU * awmif? tcsKdU 9 awmifjrifYí
NrKdUxktus,frSm t0ef;wm 150 rS 500 txd½dSMuav\/
t,k'¨,NrKdUawmf\ awmifbufrsufESmü befaumufjrpf½Sd&m befaumufjrpfrSm t,k'¨,
NrKdUwGif;odkY pD;0ifaeojzifY ...,dk;',m;wdkY\ oabFm? orÁmef? &JavSrsm; rxGuf r0ifEdkifatmif
jrpfta½SUbufEiS Yf taemufbuf oHBuK;d wef;xm;vdu k af v\/
waeYaomeHeufcif;wGif t,k', ¨ NrKUd wGi;f rS befaumufjrpftwdik ;f ,d;k ',m;Adv k cf sKyf 4 a,muf
tkyfcsKyfum wdkufavSwaxmif? oabFm q,fpif;? orÁmef ig;&mESifY ukvm;jzL? ukvm;euf? w½kwf?
yoQL;? ,d;k ',m; vlrsK;d pHw k yfom;aygif; 6 aomif;ausmw f ifum a&aMumif;rScsv D m&m oHBuK;d wef;xm;
onft h em;a&mufonfwiG f a½SUrwufEikd b f J wefaY eMu&av\/
xdt k cdu k f t,k', ¨ NrKUd awmf\awmifbufrsuEf mS ½Sd jrefrmcHwyfNrKUd wdrYk S tajrmufrsm;ESiYf r&yfrem;
ypfcwfMuav&m ,d;k ',m;a&wyfuvnf; jyefveS yf pfcwfav\/
rMumrD r[maemf&xm\trdeUf t& wyfaygif; 7 wyfxu G v f mNy;D vQif befaumufjrpf\ vuf0J
vuf,m urf;xdyrf aS eí vSn;f &xm;wif tajrmufwaxmifausmEf iS Yf toHrpJatmifypfcwfav&m?
befaumufjrpfwckv;Hk yJw Y ifxyfum ,d;k ',m;a&wyfBu;D ysupf ;D vkcref; &JavS? orÁmef tajrmuftjrm;
uGyJ suef pfjrKyv f suf rqkwo f mrwufom tcufBuKaH eNy;D rS jyefveS yf pfcwf&if; twif;qkwaf jy;av\/
xdo k aYkd jy;pOf rdrw d &Ykd aJ vStcsi;f csi;f wd;k a0SUacGUwdu k u
f m olUxufigt&ifO;D atmif tvkt,uf
jzpfaeMuojzifY urf;xdyEf pS zf ufrS jrefrmwyfom;wdrYk mS 4if;wdjYk zpfyMHk unfNh y;D &,farmMu&av\/
tcsdefum; rdkCf;&moDrS aqmif;&moDodkY ajymif;cJYavNyD? ,dk;',m;jynfudkum;r&ao;?
t,k'¨,NrKdUawmfudk 0dkif;ae&onfyif wESpfausmfcJYavNyD? rMumrD AdkvfcsKyfBuD; r[maemf&xm
tzsm;a&m*gESiYf uG,v f eG of mG ;&m jrefrmwyfrawmfBu;D rSm jrifrY &kd af wmifBu;D NyKu d somG ;ouJo Y Ykd ud;k pm;&mrJY
jzpfomG ;av\/
axG;jrrSm olwyg;wdkYxuf ,lBuKH;r&jzpfum urÇmay:wGifaecsifpdwf ukefcef;oGm;rdav\?
taMumif;rlum; rdrdrSm AdkvfcsKyfBuD;\ csD;`rSifYa`rSmufpm;csufudk trsm;qkH;cH,l&oljzpf&m a½SUtzdkYwGif
AdkvfcsKyfBuD;udk trSDjyKíBuD;yGm;awmYrnf[k ,kHMunfaecdkuf tm;udk;&mjzpfol AdkvfcsKyfBuD; rsufESmvTJ
oGm;aomaMumifYwnf;/
od k Y & mwG i f Ad k v f c sKyf B uD ; onf tonf ; toef j zpf a epOf ppf u J B uD ; aersKd ; *k P Ö & wf E S i f Y
Zif;r,faMumif;csAD v kd cf sKyf aersK;d oD[yawYwu Ydk akd c:iifum &Jausmo f &l axG;jrtm; tpGr;f tp½So d jl zpfí
Munf½h KS cs;D a`rmS ufvu kd yf g[k rSmoGm;½Sm&m xdo k rYkd mS oGm;onft h wGuf omvGe0f rf;enf; ,lBuK;H r&jzpfum
vSKu d vf KS u
d v f v JS JS 0rf;enf;yufvuf rsu&f nfusrad v\/
r[maemf&xmtkyfcsKyfaom xm;0,faMumif;csDwyfrsm;udk Zif;r,faMumif;csD AdkvfcsKyf
aersK;d oD[yawYu ,liiftyk cf sKy&f av\/
r[maemf&xmuG,v f eG af Mumif; &wemyl& t0a½TNrKUd awmf ajcz0g;awmfatmufoYkd avQmufxm;
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tcef; ( 9 )
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cJ&Y m qif0ifcef;wGif Mu, G 0f aemufvu dk f NzK;d atmifxikd af eonfujkd rif&av\/
odaYk omf axG;jronf NzK;d atmifukd rnfojl zpfaMumif; rodojzifY trSKrYJ trSwrf YJ oabmxm;um
0ifvmcJY&m qif0ifcef;ESifY twGif;cef;rBuD;Mum;wGif&yfum tdrfwGif;odkYvSrf;arQmfMunfhvdkufonf
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taMumif;rlum; Mu, G 0f ESiYf cifopf rSt
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Mum;&av\/
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tapcH ukvm;jzL jyefvmaomtcg pmudkzwfMunfhNyD;vQif ]] aemifudk 'DpmrsKd;,lrvmeJY }} [k
Budrf;armif;aigufirf;vdkufonf[k ajymjyod½Sd&ojzifY ]] 'if;urS &ufpufao;wm igubmjzpfvdkY
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ri,fawmYNyjD zpfaomaMumifY tNrw J rf;tvkyt
f udik &f &efta&; awG;awmylyif BupH nfc&YJ av\/
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f efaom &mxl;XmeEÅ&rsK;d ay:vmvQif rdrw d MYkd unf½h KS
ae&mcsay;rnf[k ajymqdv k u kd Mf uav\/
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r[maemf&xmwdkY\ ajymqdkcsD;rGrf;csuft& ...,dk;',m;ppfajrjyifwGif½SdaepOfuyif oabmus
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]] rifuY kd ae&mcsxm;zdYk wdMYk unfah ewm tckraS wGU&w,f? a½TNrKUd awmf awmifjyifaxmifrLS ;&mxl;
vpfvyfaewm rifYudkcefYxm;zdkY rif;BuD;rsm;ESifYtm;vkH; pDrHNyD;NyD }}
[k jrif;pkBu;D 0efu ajymvdu k &f m ...axG;jrvnf; 0rf;om0rf;enf; ra0cGEJ ikd af om rsuEf mS xm;
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]] rSefvSyg ...rvdkcsifvdkY r[kwfygbk&m;? uRefawmfrsKd;u ESvkH;&nfbufu trSKxrf;zdkY
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jyefvmcJaY v\/
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xdkaeYrSpí okH;&ufajrmufaomaeYwGif axG;jrrSm awmifjyifaxmifrSL;&mxl; cefYxm;jcif;
cH&av\/
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wdu Yk kd apmifaY ½Smufí trSKonfrsm;udk zrf;qD;ppfaq;um NrKUd 0efrif;xH tyfE&HS ay\/
axmifrSL;rSm eef;awmfta½SUbuf½Sd a½SU½kkH;awmfac: NrKdU0efrif; ½kH;xdkifaom &mZ0wf½kH;wGif
ae&moD;jcm;½Sdaom a½SU½kH;awmft&m½SdwOD;jzpfí vrf;oGm;aomtcg "m;vG,fudkifol aemufvdkuf
ESpaf ,muf vdu k yf gac:aqmifciG &Yf ay\/
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auseyfoabmusjcif;udkyif cH,lcJY&av\? axG;jrrSm awmifjyifaxmifrSL;jzpfí tcgrjywf
awmifjyifudkom vSnfhywfMunfhae&&m cifopfwdkYaeaomajrmufjyifodkY ra&mufEdkifoavmuf
jzpfomG ;av\/
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tvkycf iG üf vk;H 0tm½kpH ;l pdu k x f m;ojzifw Y aMumif;? cifopfujkd rifvQif ,cifutaMumif;rsm; jyefvnf
atmufarY aqG;ajrUvSojzifw Y aMumif; rawGU&wmuyJ cyfaumif;aumif;½Sad o;w,f[al om pdwrf sK;d
jzpfum pdwef mjcif;vufpESiYf jzwfxm;cJjY cif;jzpfav\/
od&Yk mwGif cifopftay:wGif wu,fwrf; csppf w d rf ukeEf ikd b f J tpGrJ aysmufEikd af tmif jzpfaeojzifY
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cifopfujkd rif&avrvm;[k wapYwapmif;Munfrh cd \ YJ /
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rdC
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aywvlxH uefawmYa&mufonfrpS í aemufxyfwcgrQ ra&mufawmYay/
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ta&;rsm;pDpOfay;ojzifY axmifrSL;&mxl;ESifYvdkufatmif crf;em;aom ESpfaqmifNyKdiftdrfBuD;wvkH;
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trSKxrf;NyD; ,dk;',m;wdkufyGJvdkufygoGm;&mrS ,cktcg ppfbufwGif emrnf&mcJYjcif; taMumif;jyKí
uHypfcs&m vuf½;Hk &nfbufqikd &f m axmifrLS ;&mxl;wGif 0ifa&mufvyk u f ikd af ejcif;jzpfav\/
aemufwvavmufMumaomtcg a½TNrKdUawmf0efESpfa,muf½Sdonfhteuf ajrmufjyifESifY
taemufjyifqdkif&m a½TNrKdUawmf0efrif; uG,fvGeftedpöa&mufoGm;&m &mxl;qufcH&ef om;orD;
tquftEG,fvnf; rusef&pfcJYojzifY jrif;pkBuD;0efESifY ppfuJBuD;wdkY tBuHay;axmufcHcsuft&
bk&ifrif;jrwfu axG;jrtm; ]]aZ,s*grPd}} [laombGUJ ESiw Yf uG a½TNrKUd awmf0efac: NrKUd 0efBu;D &mxl;wGif
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tus?Ð ]]bJ&ef}}ac: wrdu k cf eft
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yGoJ bifrsm; oGm;aomtcg 0wfqif&ay\/
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oifMum;avYvmcJzY ;l í txl;l cufcjJ cif;r½Sad wmYay/
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wenf;tm;jzifY tcsKdUae&mu vTwfawmf0efBuD;rsm;xufyif tcGifYta&;aumif;vsuf½Sday\/
wdu k pf ;kd Bu;D um; rdr\ d wynfBh u;D twGuf 0rf;omtm;&jzpfaeav\/
wdkufpdk;uawmfESpfa,mufESifY cifcifBuD;url axG;jrtay:wGif ,cifurlrysuf rsufESmxm;
rSerf eS yf if½MdS uav\/
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]] igYwynfhBuD; 'DvdkBuD;yGm;vmwm 0rf;omvdkYrqkH;bl;aygY? wynfhqdkvJ[kwf om;orD;qdkvJ
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wynfeh YJ vufqufvu kd cf siw f ,f? tJ'gjrefjrefprD cH siv f Ykd wdik yf ifvmwmyJ }}
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cifcifBu;D ESiv Yf ufquf&rnfqí kd 0rf;ajrmufxu dk af pumrl ...wu,fwrf;awG;Munfv h Qif rdrEd iS Yf
cif c if B uD ; rS m wouf v k H ; warmif ; cef Y (,ck 24 rd e pf c ef Y ) Mumatmif y if wcgrQxd k i f í
pum;rajymbl;onfhtjyif tcsif;csif; wa,mufESifYwa,muf rsufESmaMumwnfhjcif;r½SdMuojzifY
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ar;Munfah wmfryl g ...}}
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rodr[kwf odolyifjzpfí axG;jrajymykHMum;&onfwGif tHYMojcif;rsKd;rjzpfrday? wdkufpdk;BuD;vnf;
twefMumatmif pOf;pm;aomtrlt&mESiYf awGa0ai;pdu k af eNy;D rS ...
]] 'Dtem;wd;k prf;uG,f ...}}
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wkyyf sy0f wfwmG ;aeav\/
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G f ... txrrajrmufonfw h idk af tmif 'Dpum;awmY
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]] trdefY½Sdawmfrlygbk&m;? opömudk toufeJYvJNyD; apmifYygYr,f }}
]] pnfomudk,fawmfu cifcifBuD;udk rMumrD aumufawmfrlvdrfYr,fqkdwm twGif;awmfu
taotcsmMum;cJ&Y w,f? olUqDu trderYf vmrD 'DuvufxyfNy;D ESi&Yf if olbmrSrwwfEikd b f ;l }}
axG;jrrSm tHt Y m;oifo Y mG ;av\? taMumif;rlum; tjcm;olrsm;rSm rdrw d Ukd orD;udk rif;nDrif;om;
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jzpfMuavY½adS omaMumifw Y nf;/
pnfomud, k af wmfqo kd nfum; ...tavmif;rif;w&m;Bu;D \ ajrmufeef;rdz&k m;rS zGm;jrifaom
i,frnfawmf armifvS ac: pnfomNrKdUpm;rif;om;jzpf&m t½G,fawmftm;jzifY 19? 20 cefY ½SdNyDjzpf&m
t½G,jf cif;nDrQí yD,apwem arwÅmawmf"mwf wdr;f [ef½adS y\/
]] pnfomud, k af wmfu aumufawmfrrl ,fq&dk if tjrifY tjrwfjzpf&rSmrdYk aemifom;pOfajr;quf
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]] b,f txG#ftjrwfrS ra&mufEdkifbl;? olUZmwm igudk,fwdkif tm,k'gopdwfMunfhNyD;NyD?
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olwaYkd b;awGUawm olweYkd pYJ yforQ tukef tokwo f ifc&H wm? Ny;D awmY wcsuu f pnfomud, k af wmfrmS
pnfomxdyfxm;eJY udk,fvkyfawmfBuD; udk,fvkyfawmfuav;awG 15 a,mufavmuf½Sdw,f? 'geJYrS
rwif;wdraf o;vdYk tck cifcifBu;D udk aumufzBYkd uw H m? aemufvJ b,fEaS ,mufaumufO;D r,f rodb;l ?
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csed af ewm }}
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pukxdyfxm;[kom ac:&awmY\? rif;om;wdkY\ xkH;pHrSm 16 ESpf? 17 ESpf½SdvQif udk,fvkyfawmfrsm;xm;avY½SdMu\/ )
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&ifaoG;awmfqw kd YJ *kP[ f m twdik ;f wdik ;f tjynfjynfu ½Sib f &k ifawG&UJ ½dak ojcif;cH&ygw,f }}
]] 'DvdkavuG,f? avmurSm csrf;omw,fqdkwm pdwfauseyfrS csrf;omwm(pdwfwif;wdrfrS
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pdwaf useyfwm? igud, k wf idk f rde;f rESpaf ,muf,x l m;vdYk rde;f rrsm;'ku© aoaocsmcsmodw,f? rde;f rqdw k m
ud,k vYf ifom;cifyeG ;f udk 'Djyifred ;f rwa,mufu pdu k Mf unfwh mawmif oabmrusb;l ? 'gaMumifY igYorD;udk
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vufqufzaYkd jymaewm uReaf wmfrsK;d awmif Mum;zl;ao;wmyJ }}
]] pyfvm [yfvmMuwJYolawGuawmY trsm;BuD;ygyJuG,f? pyfwdkif;vJ oabmrusawmY
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,kHMunfpdwfcs&wm? 'gvJ [dkwkef;uompyfwm ...tckavmavmq,fqdk&if r½Sdbl;? udk,fu
ajy;pyf&rSmvJ orD;½SifrdkY t½SufudkapmifYpnf;ae&ao;w,f? NyD;awmYum apYpyfvdkY&onfhwdkifatmif
ckcsufjcif; vufiif;rjzpfbl;? pnfomudk,fawmfu aumufawmfrlrSmrdkY qdkwJYtaMumif;xnfhajym&if
tem;awmifuyf0rYH mS r[kwb f ;l ? cufw,fu, G f wynf&h ,f ...}}
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rMunfh&ufEdkifawmYbJ rdbyrm apmifYa½SmufcJYonfh aus;Zl;rsm;udk jyefvnfowd&um oem;pdwf0if
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apmifaY ½SmufomG ;ygYr,f? pnfompufuvGw&f ifNy;D wmyJ r[kwv f m;bk&mY }}
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]] at; ...wynf h & ,f 'D v d k v J jyef u ,f O D ; rS a ygY ? od k Y a omf v J rif ; ajymovk d a wmY
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ipOfhul;udk,fawmfuav;udk wESpfausmfausmf pmoifay;&zl;ygw,f? udk,fawmfuav;u bmrqkd
ta&;½S&d if avQmufxm;vSnv hf Ykd trde½Yf x dS m;wmyg ...}}
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]] txl;owdxm;&rSmu tdru f [mrESpaf ,mufu, G ?Yf pnfomu aumufr,fqw kd mrsK;d Mum;&if
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rdrdwwfEdkifaom udpövnf;jzpfí raqmif½GufbJ rsufESmvTJvdkufygu woufvkH;rausreyfjzpfum
rdrt d ay:wGif pdwef moGm;ayawmYrnf[k pOf;pm;Ny;D vQif 0efcv H ukd &f \/
xdkodkY 0efcHvdkufemvdkuf&jcif;onf rdrdtwGufwoufvkH; tñGefYwkef;oGm;aMumif; awG;rdum
,lBuKH;r&jzpf&av\/ taMumif;rlum; rdrdpdwfwGif cifopfudk cspfpdwfrjywfEdkifbJ arQmfvifYaeao;
onft h jyif ,ck rdr&d mxl;tajctaejzifY txufwef;pm; unmtppf yk&pfz;l uav;rsm; oabm½Sd
qGwcf ;l Edik af Mumif; od&aomaMumifw Y nf;/
txl;tm;jzifY pnfomudk,fawmf aumufawmfrl&ef BuHpnfxm;oludk ,l&rnfjzpfí pnfom
udk,fawmfu ñSKd;awmfrlvQif waeYoü rdrdtwGuftouftEÅ&m,fudkyif pdk;&drf&&m? wdkufpdk;BuD;um;
om;awmfocif ipOfu h ;l ud, k af wmfuav;udk pmjyay;zl;onft h ½Sed Ef iS Yf þtcsuu f kd tav;*½kjyKyHk r&ay/
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tcef; ( 11 )
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r*FvmaqmifEiS ;f Ny;D í vifr,m;b0ESiYf ae&rnfjzpfaom yxrnjzpfav\/
vufxyfaomnwGif armifr,fwpl Hk tdy½f ;dk xk;H pH½o dS nft h wdik ;f axG;jronf nwcsuw f ;D cefY (,ck
9 em&Dcef)Y wGif wdu k pf ;kd Bu;D tdr½f dS rdrw d t Ykd wGut f yfxm;aom tcef;wGi;f od0Yk ifvmcJ&Y m cifcifBu;D onf
ckwifay:ü wifyg;vTJ ajcwGv J xJG idk &f if; rSKd iaf eonfukd rD;a&mif[yfojzifY jrif&av\/
axG;jrvnf; £aÈ´&& rsufESmxm;wnfwnf rSefrSefESifYyif tcef;wGif;0ifum wHcg;csufcsNyD;
uk w if a jc&if ; rS v S n f h u m twG i f ; eH & H b uf u 0if í ck w if a y:wuf u m wbuf a b;apmif ; rS
avsmif;aeav\/
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]] tck vufxyfNyD;vdkY ZeD;cifyGef;jzpfvmMuNyDaemf? 'gayr,fY bbbk&m;u twif;ay;pm;vdkY
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twlaevmMuwm udak xG;jreJY uRerf warmif;jynfah tmif wcgrS pum;rajymzl;bl;? udak xG;jrpdwaf wmY
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pdwq f if;&JaeMu&rSmyJ? uRerf rSew f majym&&if bbbk&m; aMumufayr,fY uRerf udk uRerf pD&ifypfvu kd f
csi&f ifjzpfwmyJ? e*du k om udak xG;jreJY vufxyf&r,fqw kd m BuKo d &d if pD&ifjzpfrmS rkcsy?J ckawmYum...}}
]] aeygOD; ...cifo Y abmu udak xG;jrudk rwlb;l rwefb;l xifvv Ykd m; ...}}
]] uRerf 'Dvrkd [kwyf gbl;? ½Sit Yf ay: 'Dvpkd w d rf sK;d rxm;Edik w f mom ajymwmyg }}
]] aumif;NyD 'gjzifY ...b,fvv kd yk af pcsio f vJ }}
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jzpfEikd w
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]] b,fvdkxifwmvkyfrSmvJ }}
]] tqdyaf omufaor,f½iS f }}
]] uJ ...'gjzifb Y ,fvpdk rD aH pcsio f vJ }}
cifcifBuD;u tjyifcef;rS[yfaom rvif;wvif;rD;a&mifwGif axG;jrrsufESmudk r&Jw&JESifY
tuJprf;ovdk ½Sut f rf;trf;rsuEf mS rsK;d jzifY Munfu h m ...
]] uRerf udk cGiv Yf wT af pcsiw f maygY }}
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]] b,fvckd iG v Yf w T af pcsiw f mvJ }}
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aeatmifMunf&h if; pOf;pm;ovdv k yk af eNy;D rS ...
]] raygif;bJeYJ ESrav;vdk oabmxm;Ny;D ydyv Ü vd v
k ifeYJ r,fb'´gwdvYk kd jzLjzLpifpifaezkaYd ygY½iS }f }
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ppfuikd ;f awmif a½T0gacsmifomG ;Ny;D r,fov D &ifvyk rf mS yg }}
]] udkaxG;jrajymr,f ...'DuvJ cifYtay:rSm cktcsdeftxd 'DpdwfrsKd;eJY wcgrS rjypfrSm;zl;bl;?
udak xG;jrb,fvakd ew,f? b,fvo kd rm"d½w dS ,fqw kd m cifow d ,f? tck[mu cifY bbbk&m;u twif;
t"r®prD v H Ykd tm;emNy;D jzpf&wm? 'Dvjkd zpf&wJt Y wGuf cifb Y ufuom emwmr[kwb f ;l ? udak xG;jrbufuvJ
woufv;Hk vlñeG w Yf ek ;f cH&wmbJ ...}}
]] bmjzpfvv Ykd ½J iS f ...}}
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]] cifYudk udkaxG;jrrS rvdkcsifbJ? udk,frcspfoleJY twlaygif;ae&rSmavmuf vlñGefYwkef;wm
b,frmS ½Sad wmYrvJ }}
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]] ½SicYf spof u l b,fov l J ...}}
[k ar;vdkufrdav\/
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cifwaYkd us;Zl;u½daS evdYk cifb Y bbk&m; pdwcf sr;f omatmif wrif tepfemcHvyk af y;&wmyg ...'DawmY
cifxifovdkpDrHyg? udkaxG;jrvdkufemzdkYtoifYyJ ...oDv½Sifvkyfcsifvkyf? cspfol&nf;pm;½SdvdkY xdrf;jrm;
ay;apcsifvJ MunfMunfjzLjzLvufxyfay;vdkufr,f? udkaxG;jru cifYudk vufzsm;eJYrS rxdbl; ...
woufv;Hk pdwcf sxm; }}
]] 'Dvq kd &dk if aus;Zl;wifygw,f½iS f ...aus;Zl;½SiBf u;D ygyJ }}
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vdkufav\? axG;jrvnf; cifcifBuD;½Sdcdk;onfudkMunfhum rdrdjzpfykH qef;Mu,fjcif;ukd awG;awm&if;
ai;aeav\/
]] &nf;pm;vJ r½Sdygbl;? cspfolvJ rxm;ygbl;? oDv½SifvkyfrSmygyJ }}
]] pdwcf s vkyEf idk w f ,f? odaYk omfvJ 4? 5? 6 vtwGi;f rSmawmY csucf si;f vkyv f Ykd raumif;ao;bl;?
wdkufpdk;BuD;vnf; pdwfraumif;jzpfoGm;r,f? NyD;awmYum rdbu twif;ay;pm;vdkY oabmrwlbJ
,l&w,fqw kd mrsK;d b,foUl rSrajymeJY tomBuw d Nf y;D onf;cHae? cifxifovdk jzpfapYr,f ...}}
[k ajymNy;D vQif nOfeh ufonfEiS Yf tdypf ufMuav&m? xl;qef;aom vifr,m;ESpaf ,mufwo Ykd nf
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cifcifBu;D onf xdak eYnwnom tdycf sirf ;l wl;ESiYf ckwifay:wGit f yd íf aemufnrsm;wGirf l
axG;jrudk ckwifay:wGit f yd af pNy;D vQif rdru d ckwifatmufrt S yd af v\/
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ig;&uft½SdwGif rdbrsm;xHcGifYyefum axG;jrtdrfajymif;aeav&m ...ajymonfhtwkdif; uwdopöm
wnfaomaxG;jr\ orm"dudk cifcifBuD; tHYMooGm;rdav\/odkY&mwGif rif;uawmf[lívnf;aumif;?
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{nfyh &dwo f wfw\ Ykd ac:a0:ajymqdjk cif;rsm;ESiYf tcsKUd aomoli,fcsi;f rde;f rabmfw\ Ykd ]]cifY vlub,fv}kd }?
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ovm;avY½&dS m tdycf sed t f xd cifcifBu;D xHoYkd vmvnf;rvm? pum;vnf; taMumif;½Srd S ar;xl;ac:ajym
aecJaY v\/
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olUudkvJ igydkifwmyJ }} [laompdwfrsKd; jzpfoGm;av\/
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toHMum;ojzifY vSnMhf unfv h u
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eifuY eJjzpfomG ;rdav\/
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opf v G i f a wmuf y í tcsKd ; usaom xbD t usÐ r sm;ES i f Y vuf 0 wf w ef q m &wemrsm;yg
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awG;NyD;ai;aecdkuf cifopfavvm; ,kHrSm;jcif;rsKd;ESifY wcPtwGif; apYapYpyfpyf ywfywfeyfeyf
trSwfw& MunfhvdkufrdonfwGif cifopf½kyfxufrnHhbJ wenf;tm;jzifY i,f*kPfESifY cifcifBuD;uyif
wrsK;d wzkv H aS eoa,mif xifomG ;rdav\/
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jzpfomG ; rdav\? rdr\ d umrydik rf ,m;jzpfí tcsed rf a½G; xifovdjk yKrEl ikd af Mumif; owdrarYapumrl rdrd
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]] 'Dvdkjzpf&wm ESpfa,mufpvkH; 'ku©bJ? udkaxG;jrtwGufvJ uRefroem;rdygw,f? udkaxG;jr
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]] oufawmfapmifAY v dk rf if;u ta&;Bu;D wJu Y pd ½ö v dS Ykd awGUcGijYf yKawmfryl gwJb Y &k m; ...}}
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axG;jronf rsuEf mS csi;f qdik x f ikd af eaom ukvm;Adv k f aywvlrv d wfEiS Yf cifopfukd tHt Y m;oifY
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]] cifaY zazeJY nDrav; ...}}
]] [kwfw,f? cifYazazeJY nDrav; ,dk;',m;uvmwJYtxJrSm ygvmw,f }}
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]] 'Dvdk armifaxG;jr? tpujyefajymrS em;½Sif;vdrfYr,f? usKyf jrefrmjynfa&mufawmY ...
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k YJ
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rsufESmrjrifao;cif yJcl;NrKdU NrKdU0efBuD;om;eJY udkpHxGef; &efjzpfNyD; NrKdU0efBuD;om;udk udkpHxGef;u "m;eJY
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odr;f awmfrrl S t&D;eJY usKyaf wGUNy;D 'DtaMumif;awGo&d vdYk udpk x H eG ;f owif;tpte pkpH rf;Munhaf o;w,f?
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olwt Ykd wGuf usuo f a&,kwrf mS pd;k vdw Yk YJ ...}}
]] udpk xH eG ;f u jrefrmtppfvm; }}
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f OD;&JU
orD;eJY taMumif;ygowJ?Y udpk x H eG ;f ,d;k ',m;reJY orD;wa,muf&w,f? tJ'D orD;uav;arG;Ny;D ...
15 ESpo f rD;½Sad wmY? udpk x H eG ;f rde;f r ,d;k ',m;rvJ qk;H oGm;½SmowJY }}
]] aeygOD; Adv k rf if;&JU? udpk x H eG ;f u Akv d rf if;vJrod? cifv Y rJ rSwrf b d eJ YJ b,fvv kd yk f aqGrsK;d pyfovJ}}
]] 'gu 'DvdkwJY? tjrifYeJY ebuf ('kbufNrKdU) oGm;NyD; y&ifopftquftEG,fawG vdkuf½SmowJY?
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cifYtaz udkpHxGef;qdkwm trSefyJvdkY ,kHMunfvkdufwmaygY }}
]] vufpGyfeJY pmudk olubmjzpfvdkYodrf;xm;wmvJ }}
]] [m ...'guawmY olUrde;f rudck spcf ifwYJ txdr;f trSwaf ygY }}
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awmYb;l aygY...}}
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aywvlu ]] 'Dvdkav ...}}
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]] 'D[mawG aemufawmYajymjyygYr,f? tckvufiif; ta&;Bu;D wmvkypf rf;ygOD;q&m ...}}
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]] tckar;wmawG[m ta&;Bu;D wmcsn;f yJ cif&UJ ? &mZowfoabmrSm tajcupvku d &f wm}}
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]] trSKjzpfyHk trde½Yf ydS gOD; }}
]] tJ'Dvdk udkpHxGef;tdrfvmNyD; taMumif;od&awmY olwdkY om;tzESpfa,mufudk usKyfeJYtwl
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]] 'DuaeYnae usKyfeef;awmfujyefrvmcif tdrfrSm cifeJY udkpHxGef;wdkY om;tzESpfa,mufyJ
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]] a[Y a[Y ... bmjzpfMuwmvJvdkYatmfNyD; 0ifvmcJYwmyJ? 'gaywJY usKyfolwdkYqDra&mufcif
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ckcHao;w,f? odkYayr,fY ...'Pf&mujyif;vdkY csufcsif;vJusoGm;w,f? NzKd;atmifeJY cifuawmY ...
eHab;uMunfah ewmyJ ...}}
]] tck ajymaewmawG[m usKyfrsufpdatmufrSm jrif&wmawGajymwm? usKyfa&mufawmY
jzefajzr,fvyk cf g½Sad o;? apm'g&mu ckwv f u kd v f Ykd armifMu, G 0f csucf si;f vdv
k u J somG ;wmyJ? 'geJy usKyv f J
0wÅ&m;twdkif; uif;½kH;oGm;wdkif? NrKdUpma&;eJY axmifrSL;qDwdkifMum; ...armifMuG,f0vJ olUrdbqD
taMumif;Mum;vdkufvdkY tck armifMuG,f0udk olUrdbrsm;tdrfydkY? udkpHxGef;wdkY om;tzvJ axmifrSL;u
ac:Ny;D vufraxmufwef;csxm;w,f }}
]] Adv
k rf if;ra&mufcifawmY ...olwb Ykd ,fvjkd zpfMuovJ ...}}
]] rm&D ...ajymvdkufyg }}
[k ukvm;Adv k u
f jyifopfvakd jymvdu k &f m ...cifopfvnf; axG;jrrsuEf mS udk tm;ud;k vdak om
rsuEf mS xm;rsK;d ESiYf MunfNh y;D vQif ...
]] nae okH;csufwD;ausmfavmufupNyD; uRefr aemufaz;O,smOfxJqifNyD; tdrfutapcHawG
yef;yifpu kd w
f m Munfah ew,f ...}}
]] uRerf O,smOfxq J if;vmawmY tdraf y:rSm nDrav; apmapmeJY azaz ESpaf ,mufxJ use&f pfw,f?
azazu tdrfOD;cef;? oltdyfwJYtcef;rSm 0iftdyfaew,f? nDrav;uawmY aemufaz;aqmifrSm
oeyfcg;vdr;f ae&pfw,f ...}}
]] aemuftawmfMumvdYk uRerf tdraf y:wufvmawmY ... qif0ifcef;rSm NzK;d atmifxikd af ewm
awGU&w,f? twGi;f cef;rxJ 0ifvmawmY ...vm; vm;? nDrav; apmapm&JUqHyifukd Mu, G 0f u qGNJ y;D
nDrav;yg;udk vufBuD;eJY wtm;½dkufwmudk jrif&w,f ½SifY? uRefrjzifY ckxufxd nDrav;tpm;
Mu, G 0f tay:rSm a'gojzpfvrYkd qk;H bl;? 'geJY uRerf vJ ½Sib f ,fEY ,
S v
f yk wf mvJqNkd y;D twif;0if Mu, G 0f udk
wGe;f xd;k vkyw f maygY ...}}
]] 'Dvv kd yk af ewke;f azaztdy&f mxJuxvmNy;D ...bmjzpfMuvJar;awmY? Mu, G 0f u apmapmudk
yg;qG½J u kd w f ,fvYkd uRerf uajymvdu k af wmY? azazu rif;bmjzpfvYkd igYorD;apmfum;&ovJqNkd y;D Mu, G 0f udk
yg;qGJ½dkufw,f? MuG,f0u azazYudk acG;rom;BuD; eifigYtaMumif;rodbl;vm;qkdNyD; olUcg;u "m;udk
qGcJ RwNf y;D azazYux kd ;kd w,f }}
]] xdk;rdovm; ...}}
]] xdk;rdw,f? [dkusjrif&ygvdrfYr,f? azazYudk 'Dvdkxdk;wm nDrav;ujrifawmY tem;rSm½SdwJY
uJvm;wkwfqGJNyD; MuG,f0udkvSrf;½dkufw,f? 'DawmYMuG,f0u nDrav;udk "m;eJYxdk;&atmifvdkufwmyJ?
tJ'DtcsdefrSm tdrfavScg; zdeyfcRwftwufeJY qif0ifcef;Mum; armifBuD;a&mufvmwmjrif&w,f?
'DaemufawmY armifBu;D jrifwt YJ wdik ;f ygyJ }}
xdt k csed wf iG f ae0ifí rD;rsm;qGx J eG ;f Muav\/
]] MuG,f0"m; tckb,frSmvJ }}
]] axmifrSL;qD tyfxm;cJYNyD }}
]] "m;rSm aoG;pGef;ovm; }}
]] pGef;½kHb,furvJ? ododomom aoG;awGayaewmyJ }}
]] NzKd;atmifuaum bmvkyfovJ? qif0ifcef;rSm xdkifaewmyJvm; }}
]] azazu MuG,f0udk yg;½dkufawmY ajy;vmw,f? 'gaywJY tem;a&mufawmY bmrSrvkyf0HYbJ
rwfwwf&yfNy;D ...rvkyMf uygeJY rvkyMf uygeJq Y Nkd y;D atmfaewmyJ }}
]] aeygOD; ...MuG,f0u cifYnDrav;udk bmjzpfvdkY qHyifqGJ yg;½dkuf&wmvJ }}
xdt k cg cifopfu jyifopfpum;jzifY ...
]] tckajymcJw Y mawGu uRerf rsupf ed YJ jrif&wmawGajymwmaemf? uRerf ra&mufcif tjzpftysuf
uawmY nDrav;ajymwJt Y wdik ;f od&wmyJ? uRerf nDruav;uvJ r[kww f m vdrrf ajymwwfygbl;½Si?f
MuG,f0a&mufvmrSef;odawmY nDrav;u xGuf{nfhcHowJY? tdrfom;awG b,foGm;ukefMuovJvdkY
MuG,f0uar;awmY ...r½SdMubl;? rreJY vmpDu wy,fNrKdUoGm;w,f? azazu tdyfaew,f? rrcif
(cifopf)u O,smOfxo J mG ;w,f? armifBu;D u eef;awmfjyefrvmao;bl;vdYk ususeeajymjyowJY ...
'DawmY Mu, G 0f u pyfrpd yf&m pum;enf;enf;ajymNy;D nDrav;udck spw f t
YJ aMumif; vlysKpd um;ajyma&mwJ?Y
nDrav;u 'DvdkrajymzdkY awmif;yefowJY? 'Dvdk awmif;yefae&if;u MuG,f0 tem;wdk;vm vufqGJNyD;
zufvw JS uif; qdo k vdk twif;vkyaf wmY? nDrav;uvJ rvkyzf aYkd wmif;yef&if;yJ ½ke;f uefuw k zf v
YJ yk &f mu
Mu, G 0f yg;udk ½du k v f u dk o f wJ?Y Ny;D awmY nDrav;u qJvq J o
J wJ?Y tJ'geJY Mu, G 0f u qHyifqJG yg;½duk wf myJ
vdkYajymw,f? [kwfrSmygyJ? MuG,f0 0goem wNrKdUvkH;odaewm? bmr,kHp&m½SdovJ }}
[k ajymjyvku d Nf y;D vQif ...
]] uJ ...q&m? 'D[mawGxm;Ny;D wef;ajymif;&atmif vkyaf y;prf;ygOD;? q&mY aus;Zl; rarYygbl;}}
[k jrefrmvdk ta&;wBuD;xm; ajymvdkufav\? axG;jrrajymrD aywvlu ...
]] trSKb,fvdkaeovJ }}
[k vdk&if; aumufar;vdkuf&m ...
]] Munfv h yk &f wmaygY Adv k rf if;? odyBf u;D awmY rpd;k &dryf geJY }}
[k ajzvdu k Nf y;D rS ...
]] zGm;bufausmw f ef;awmY &r,frxifb;l ? 'dik ;f awmfwef;avmuf&&if awmfa&maygY }}
[k ajymvdkufav\/
]] q&mu xm;ay;&if&wmaygY? q&mudk,fwkdifu "m;ydkif tmPmydkif a½TNrKdUawmf0efBuD;yJ }}
[k cifopfu ajymvdkuf&m ...
]] 'Dvakd v ..."m;ydik ?f tmPmydik q f akd ywJY wzufuvmrJaY b;vJ Munf&h ao;wmud?k Ny;D awmY
a½SUa&;vJMunf&h ao;w,f? tck cPuav; acsmifcsw d m odyv f u kd vf rYkd jzpfb;l }}
[k axG;jru ajymvdu k of jzifY ...cifopfrmS rauseyfovdjk zpfomG ;um ...
]] q&mYa½SUa&;twGuf iJu Y uG af e&ifawmY ...}}
[k ajymvdu k rf S axG;jru vuf0g;umjyum ...jyifopfpum;jzifY ...
]] tdk tdk ...'Dvrkd [kwyf gbl;? q&mYa½SUa&;ajymwmr[kwb f ;l ? 'DtrSK&UJ a½SUa&;ajymwm }}
[k ajymvdkufav\/
cifopfvnf; xdt k cgrS twefi,f auseyfoa,mifjzpfomG ;av\/
]] [kwyf gw,f? ]]wef;}} u 'Davmufta&;rBu;D vSygbl;? tck armifaxG;jrajymovdk vd&k if;u
trSKrSmwnfaewm? trSKoufomrS [efusrSm }}
[k aywvluajymNy;D axG;jronf aemufvu kd Ef pS af ,mufuakd c:um aywvl? cifopfwEYkd iS t Yf wl
eef;awmfta½SUbuf a½SU½k;H awmfac:&mZ0wf½;Hk awmifbufem;½Sd vufraxmufwef;odYk vmcJMY uav\/
vrf;wGif aywvlu trSKudk uGif;vkH;uRwfvGwfatmif pDrHay;apvdkaMumif;ajymav&m ...
axG;jruvnf; ...
]] MunfhvkyfygYr,f? ydk;pdk;yufpufrjzpfap&ygbl;? uGif;vkH;uRwfrvGwfvJ oufomEdkiforQ
oufomatmif pDraH y;ygYr,f? Mu, G 0f taz 0efaxmufBu;D &JU tajcudv k J Munf½h KS ygOD; }}
[k r,kwrf vGef tm;ay;pum;ajymvdu k af v\/
axG;jronf vufraxmufwef;odaYk &mufonfEiS w Yf NyKid ef uf vufraxmufwef;\ tBu;D tuJ
jzpfaom vufraxmuft&m½Sdudk ac:iifvdkuf&m vufraxmufESifY vufr½GHUac: i,fom;tm;vkH;
NrKUd 0efBu;D vmonfqNdk y;D vQif ...jymjymovJ jym;jym;0yf cpm;vmMuav\/
]] naeu oufawmfapmifYAdkvfrif;tdrfrSmjzpfwJY "m;ckwfrSKeJY zrf;xm;wJYvlawG b,ftem;
xm;ovJ ...oGm;Munfh&atmif }}
[k ajymvdkuf&m vufraxmuft&m½Sdu ...
]] [dk ...ajrmufbufaxmifYpGefrSm xm;ygw,fbk&m; }}
[k ajymNy;D vQif rD;½SL;rD;wdik rf sm;udik uf m vdu k jf yav\/
axG;jronf ajcaxmufESpfzufvkH;udk xdwfwkH;cwfí ajcovkH;½dk;udk 0g;ñSyfxm;aom
toufig;q,fcefYvlBuD;ESifY ajcaxmufwzufxJ xdwfwkH;cwfí 0g;vkH;rñSyfbJxm;aom cifopf
t½G,af vmuf½rdS ed ;f rysKu d kd jrif&av&m ...
]] a[Y 'D0g;vkH;u bmjzpfvdkYñSyfxm;&wmvJuG? ajzmifYqkd0efcHxm;w,fr[kwfvm; }}
[k ar;vdkufav\/
]] rSeyf g ...0efcaH Mumif;yg? 0efaxmufrif; aZ,sausmx f ifu 'Dvñ kd yS x
f m;zdYk tBuaH y;vdyYk g}}
(ajcovkH;½dk;udk 0g;ñSyfjcif;? vufonf;Mum;udk tyfESufjcif;? em;xifwzufwcsufwGif uGrf;oD;cHNyD;vQif wkwfwyfíñSyfjcif;
paomtjyKtrlrsm;rSm vdrfvnfuG,f0Sufaeaom w&m;cHwdkYtm; jyKvkyfaom tcsif;t&mrsm;jzpfav\/)
]] jzKwyf pfvu kd ?f 0efaxmufu bmqdik v f Ykd 0if½KS y&f wmvJ? igYtrderYf &bJeYJ bmrSrvky&f bl;qdw
k m
rif;wdrYk odb;l vm;? rif;wdw Yk awG tukevf ;Hk 'kua© &mufuek rf ,f }}
[k Burd ;f 0g;aigufirf;Ny;D vQif ...
]] axmifrSL; armifol& oGm;ac:vdkufprf; }}
[k ta&;wBuD;cdkif;apum axmifrSL;a&mufvmonfESifYwNyKdifeuf OD;pHxGef;wdkYom;tz
ESpaf ,mufukd zGm;bufausmw f ef;odaYk ½TUxm;&ef trdeaYf y;vdu k af v\/
cifopfrmS NrKUd 0efw\ Ykd wefc;kd tmPm rnfrQp;l ½Sjyif;xefonfukd ,ciftcgu Mum;zl;em;0 ½Sad pumrl
ta&;rBuKHbl;ojzifY vufawGUrjrifbl;&m ,ckaomf rdrd\udk,fa&;wrQ zcifESifYnDrav; twGuf
'd|vufiif; awGUjrif&onfwiG ?f xdw k efc;kd tmPm½Siv f yk o f l NrKUd 0efu, kd wf ikd rf mS vnf; rdr\ d &nf;pm;a[mif;
i,fcspfjzpfí tm;wuf0rf;omovdkvdk? vGrf;ovdkvdk? aqG;ovdkvdk jzpfoGm;rdav\/
axG;jronf yxrwGif 'dik ;f awmfwef;avmufay;&ef BucH aYJ omfvnf; Mu, G 0f taz 0efaxmuf
aZ,sausmfxif 0ifa&mufpGufzufonfudk rcHcsifonfESifY rdrdwefcdk;tmPmtwGif; rdrdxifovdk
pDrEH ikd af Mumif;jyvdí k zGm;bufausmw f ef;txd a½TUvdu k jf cif;jzpfav\/
OD;pHxGef;om;tzudk zGm;bufausmfwef;odkY,loGm;NyD;aemuf cifopfu udk,fwdkifudk,fus
oG m ;a&muf M unf h ½ S K vd k a o;aMumif ; ajymojzif Y axG ; jrvnf ; aywvl E S i f Y c if o pf u d k a c:um
zGm;bufausmfwef; csKyfxm;&modkY vdkufvmcJYav\/
zGm;bufausmw f ef;t&m½Sjd zpfol wef;acgif;? wef;xde;f rsm;vnf; NrKUd 0efBu;D OD;axG;jr vmonfEiS Yf
wNyKid ef uf jymjymovJ qD;BuKu d m jym;jym;0yfcpm;vmMuav\/
axG;jronf OD;pHxeG ;f om;tzudck sr;f csr;f omomxm;&ef trde½Yf NdS y;D aemuf OD;pHxeG ;f ½S&d mvmcJ&Y m
opfom;acgif;tk;H uav;ay: acgif;wifNy;D tdyaf eaom OD;pHxeG ;f udjk rif&ojzifY ...
]] tdyyf ap tdyyf ap? rESK;d eJY }}
[k ajymNy;D OD;pHxeG ;f ESi, Yf OS &f uftcef;½Sd OD;pHxeG ;f orD; apm'g&mqdo k u l Mkd unfv
h u kd &f m woufwiG f
wcgrSrBuKb H ;l aom tHt Y m;oifjY cif;rsK;d jzpfomG ;vsuf ai;pdu k Mf unf½h KS aerdav\/
axG;jronf rdrdrsufpdrsm;udkyif r,kHMunfEdkifatmifjzpfum ]][kwfrS[kwfyg&JUvm;? igYpdwfu
xifwmavvm;}} [k ,krH mS ;jzpfro d jzifY aoaocsmcsmpl;pdu k Mf unf½h KS av&m cifopfvnf; axG;jrMunfyh u Hk kd
em;rvnfEikd o f nft h rlt&mrsK;d jzpfaeav\/ ]][kwyf gw,fav? oltppfygyJ}} [k qk;H jzwfcsucf sNy;D vQif
0rf;om0rf;enf;jzpfomG ;av\? taMumif;rlum; OD;pHxeG ;f orD; apm'g&mqdak om rde;f rysKrd mS tjcm;ol
r[kwf vk[ H &l wku d yf if jzpfaeaomaMumifw Y nf;/
axG;jronf apm'g&mudkMunfhum ...
]] vk[ H l rif; igYurkd w S rf ad o;&JUvm; ...}}
[k ar;vdu k &f m vk[ H v l nf; eH&yH sOaf xmifurkd x DS ikd af e&if; axG;jrrsuEf mS udMk unfw h NYJ y;D vQif ...
]] rSwrf yd gw,f Adv k rf if; ...}}
[k aMuuG0J rf;enf;aom toHrsK;d ESiYf ajymvdu k af v\/
]] ,dk;',m;u xGufvmuwnf;u rif;rsm; ygvmrvm;vdkY vdkufNyD;pkHprf;wm b,frSmrS
rawGU&bl;...}}
]] 'DusawmYvnf; ,dk;',m;pkxJ apmapm ygoGm;w,f ...}}
]] aeEdik v f u kd wf muG,?f ig 'DrmS ½Srd eS ;f rodb;l vm; ...}}
]] ½Srd eS ;f odwm rMumao;bl;? a½TNrKUd awmf0efjzpfrS odw,f? vmr,fawmY tBurH o d m;yJ? azazeJY
uRerf udk u,fygOD; Adv k rf if;&,f ...}}
]] at; ...u,fwmaygYu, G ?f reufjzef ½k;H awmfrmS igeJo Y ad Mumif;awG rajymeJaY emf ...}}
cifopfESifY aywvlum; wapäajcmufjcif;cH&ouJYodkY jzpfysufykHudkem;rvnfbJ tHYMopGmjzifY
em;axmifae&m ...wzufcef;u OD;pHxeG ;f vnf; tdy&f mrSxum rdro d rD;ESiYf NrKUd 0efBu;D a½S;rdwaf [mif;
jzpfaMumif; &dyfrdod½SdojzifY tHYtm;oifYjcif;jzpfNyD; 0rf;omtm;wufjzpfoGm;rdav\/
]] q&meJY apmapm b,frSmodovJ ...}}
[k cifopfu ar;vkduf&m ...
]] odykH aemufawmY ajymjyygr,fav? 'Pf&mawG MunfhMuOD;pdkY ...}}
[k ajymNyD;vQif OD;pHxGef;ESifY apm'g&mwdkY &½Sdaom 'Pf&mrsm;udk Munfh½SKav\/
OD;pHxGef;\ ,mbufeHyg;ESiYf 0Jbufvufarmif;wkdYwGif aq;wifít0wfpnf;xm;aom
"m;csufESpfckawGU&&m tajctae vu©PmrSm rsm;pGmreufvSbJ xdk;rdonfajym&½kH xdk;rdjcif;
jzpfykH&aMumif; awGU&av\/
apm'g&mrsufESm 0Jbufyg;wGif yuwdtom;xufeDaeonf xif&av&m? 4if;rSm MuG,f0u
½dkufonfhtwGuf eDaejcif;jzpfaMumif; apm'g&mu ajymjyav\/
axG;jronf OD;pHxeG ;f ESiYf apm'g&m ESpaf ,mufukd tcif;jzpfyaHk r;Munfah v&m aywvlEiS Yf cifopf
ajymjyonfhtwkdif;yif woa0rwdrf;ajymjyav\/
xdkYaemuf okH;OD;om; OD;pHxGef;ESifY apm'g&mudk ESKwfqufNyD;xGufvm&m vrf;wGif axG;jru
,d;k ',m;ppfajrjyifaepOf vk[ H &l wku
d Ef iS Yf awGU&yku H ?kd rdrEd iS Yf cspcf ifjzpfysuyf rHk w
S yg; xGuaf jy;oGm;onf
txd tvkH;pkHajymjyvdkufav\/
]] aMomf ...[dw k ek ;f u a½TawmifyscH st D yk pf uk xGuaf jy;wJY ,d;k ',m;okyYH ef;wyfom;qdw k molu;kd ?
olUorD; apm'g&m[m a,mufsm;uav;awGvkd "m;ckwf vSx H ;kd jrif;pD;wwfNy;D ppfwu kd zf Ykd 0goemygw,f
vdkYom OD;pHxGef;uajymzl;w,f? 'DtaMumif;awmY wcgrS rajymzl;bl;? wu,fYapmapmygvm; ...}}
[k aywvlu tHYtm;oifYpGmajymvdkuf&m ...
]] [kwfw,f? cifYvJ wcgrS rajymzl;bl; ...}}
[k cifopfu ajymvdkufav\/
]] 'gxuf armifaxG;jr? trSKudk b,fvdkpDpOfzdkYBuHovJ ...}}
]] tJ'g pOf;pm;zdkYyJ? MuG,f0tajcvJ Munfh&OD;r,f? ½kH;awmfrSmxGufwJYtcg Adkvfrif;uawmY
em;vnfNyD;om;rdkY ta&;rBuD;bl;? cifwdkYtwGuf cufao;w,f }}
]] 'gjzifY eufjzefumreuf q&mYqD uRefrvmcJYr,fav ...}}
]] reufqkd&if tdrfrSm {nfhonfawG ½SKyfaewmyJ? OD;pHxGef;wdkY om;tzudkawmif wef;acgif;?
wef;xdef;awGMum;rSmpdk;vdkY oifray;0HYbl;? tckn tdrfvdkuftdyfygvm; cif&,f ...}}
]] [kwfw,f? aumif;om;yJ ...rm&D }}
[k aywvluajymvdkuf&m cifopfvnf;jiif;raeawmYbJ axG;jrESifYvdkufcJYav\/
axG;jronf aywvlESifYcGJNyD; cifopfudk aemufuxm;íavQmufcJY&m ...wcPwGif;
MunfEl;jcif;jzpfoGm;rdum ...rdrdESifY cifopfrSm xdrf;jrm;NyD; vifr,m;yifjzpfygavawmY ...[k
atmufarYrdav\/
cifopf pdww f iG vf nf; rcsirYf &Jjzpfum ,ciftcgu rdrd wif;rdonft h wGuf þodYk rdr&d nf;pm;udk
olwyg;&oGm;avjcif;[k aemifwrsKd;ay:vmum vGrf;qGwfaqG;ajrUoGm;av\/
axG;jrvnf; tdrfa&mufNyD; t0wfrsm;vJvS,fum? cifopftwGufvnf; cifcifBuD;xHrS
t0wfa[mif;rsm; tvJcidk ;f vsuf {nfo h nfrsm;tdyzf x
Ykd m;aomtcef;ü cifopftwGuf tdy&f mae&mrsm;
tjyifcidk ;f vdu k Nf y;D vQif pmMunfah qmifoaYkd c:um rkeyYf J oGm;&nfpmESiYf opfo;D rsm; cifopfEiS Yf twlpm;&if;
rnfodkYrnfykH tppfcH&rnfhtaMumif; oifMum;ajymqdkay;av\/
cifcifBuD;rSm naeu aywvlarmifESrESifY axG;jrwdkY ajymMuaom trSKtaMumif; em;axmif
ae&m rMum;wcsuf Mum;wcsufESifY wcgw&H ukvm;jzL jyifopfpum;ESifYvnf; a&mpGufajymqdk
MuaomaMumifY vkH;apYyg'fapY twdtus rod&apumrl? cifopf\ ZpfjrpfESifY MuG,f0ESifY &efjzpfNyD;
wkww f ysuf "m;wysujf zpfum ...Mu, G 0f wGif tBu;D tus,'f Pf&m&í cifopftazESiYf nDrav;rSm
tzrf;cH&aMumif; tMurf;tm;jzifY Mum;odem;vnf&av\/
xkdodkYem;vnf&ojzifY rdef;rcsif; udk,fcsif;pmum ...MuG,f0\ yg;½dkufcH&aom cifopf\
nDrav;qdkoltay:ü oem;u½kPmpdwfjzpfoGm;av\/
odjYk zpfí xdo k u Ykd ½kPmjzpfjcif;xuf rdrt d wGuf ta&;Bu;D onf[x k if&aomtcsurf mS axG;jrESiYf
cifopf\ ajymykH qdyk ?Hk Munfyh Hk ½SKyHk trlt&m rsuEf mS xm;rsm;jzpfav&m ...ajymqdMk uykrH mS &if;&if;ES;D ES;D
½So
d nft h jyif? wcgwav cifopf\ajymqdyk rHk mS ydik pf ;kd ydik ef if; trlt&m½Sv d o S jzifY rouFmjcif;? remvdk
0efwjkd cif;rsm;jzpfum rcHr&yfEidk af ompdwrf sK;d jzpfomG ;rdav\/
axG;jrjyefvmvQif xdktrSKtaMumif; ar;jref;&if; cifopfESifYrnfrQtxd &if;ESD;ykHudkod&ef
wD;acgufMunfhrnf[k BuHpnfxm;&m? cifopfygwygwnf;ygvmjyefojzifY ar;cGifYr&bJ jzpfoGm;&
onfhjyif ,ckwzef ntcsdefrawmf pmMunfhaqmifwGif ESpfa,mufxnf; wdwfwdwfqdwfqdwf
vGwv f wG v f yfvyf oabm½Sad jymqdk wkid yf ifaeMujyefaomaMumifY omírcHr&yfEikd jf zpfomG ;um ...
axG;jrtay:ü ,cifuxm;cJaY omOayu©mpdwrf sm; vGipYf ifu, G af ysmufNy;D ]]axG;jr[m igYa,mufsm;yJ}}
[laompdwfrsKd; jzpfoGm;rdav\/
cifcifBuD;onf axG;jrESifY cifopf½Sd&m pmMunfhaqmifodkY 0ifvm&efBuHrdaomfvnf; rdrdwdkY
tjzpfukd jyefvnfowd&um axG;jr rdrt d ay: txifao;oGm;rnfukd aMumuf½UHG pd;k &drv f suf r0if0b HY J
jzpfaeaomaMumifY pmMunfah qmifEiS u Yf yfaeaom bk&m;cef;oGm;Ny;D bk&m;0wfjyKrnf[ h efrsK;d aqmifum
acsmif;ajrmif;em;axmifaeav\/
axG;jrum; ...cifcifBu;D ouFmruif;jzpfrnfukd aMumuf½UHG pd;k &drjf cif;tvsi;f r½S?d rdru d ,kd rf rd d
vlysKdwOD;toGif xifjrifvsuf½Sdav\/
]] uRerf nDrav;udk uRerf odycf spw f ,fq&m? azazeJq Y w
kd mvJ woufv;Hk uGaJ ecJ&Y wm? Mu, G 0f vJ
b,fvakd erSe;f rodb;l ? uRerf txifjzifY aor,fxifwmyJ? nDrav;eJY azazrsm; tjypfay; cH&&if uRerf jzifY
½l;oGm;vdrrYf ,fxifw,f? ao'Pfrsm; tay;cH&&ifjzifY uRerf yg aorSmtrSeyf ?J 'gYaMumifY tckuwJu
pdwaf t;&atmif twdtus odprf;yg&ap }}
[k cifopfu ar;vdkuf&m ...
]] Mu, G 0f tajctaeudk Munfyh gOD;av ...yd;k pd;k yufpufawmY rjzpfap&atmif vkyaf y;ygYr,f?
'gaywJY Mu, G 0f omaooGm;&ifawmY ...}}
[k ajymvdkufojzifY ...
]] 'gjzifY q&m? tppfcHwJYtcg b,fvdkjzpfjzpf rvGwfvGwfatmif qifajymwmaygY? rjzpf
bl;vm; }}
]] a½TNrKdUawmf0efvkyfaeNyD; trSKudk udk,fwkdifrw&m;qifay;&if opömaygufvdkY 'ku©a&muf
oGm;r,f? awmfBu;D bk&m; a½Tem;awmfMum;&ifvJ tuGyrf sucf &H r,f? vTwaf wmfuod&ifvnf; roufom
vSb;l ? Ny;D awmYum ...'Dv½kd w dS ,f? ]]trSKukd ewfapmifw Y ,f}} qdwk pYJ um;[m odyrf rSm;bl;? vdrv f nf
ajymqdkvdkY tcsif;csif; a½SUpum; aemufpum;nDNyD; aoao0yf0yfeJY raygufMum;bl;qdk&ifawmfw,f?
'DvdknDatmif b,fYES,fvkyfpDpOfrvJ ...cifYtazeJY nDrav;udk wef;xJrSmoGm;oif&if wef;acgif;?
wef;xdef;awGMum;vdkY 'ku©a&mufoGm;r,f? NrKdU0efqdkaywJY udk,furw&m;vkyfawmY i,fom;udk
aMumuf&ao;w,f? Mu, G 0f wynfh NzK;d atmifuvJ tppfcOH ;D rSm? aMumufzaYkd umif;wm Mu, G 0f tazu
0efaxmufBu;D ? csKUd ,Gi;f w,fxif&if cHaerSmr[kwb f ;l ? vTwaf wmfeYJ NAwJ u
kd af wmfta&muf a½Tem;awmf
aygufoGm;atmifvkyfypfrSm ...}}
cifopfu oem;pzG,f tm;i,fvSaomrsufESmrsKd;jzifY ...
]] 'gjzifY tjypf&rSmu rsm;wmaygYaemf }}
[k ajymvdkuf&mrS ...
]] vdrfajymvdkY aus;Zl;r½SdykH ajymwm? rSefwJYtwkdif;ajymaygY? rSefwJYtrSKykHay: tajcwnfNyD;
&mZowfeJY uyfqGJ,l&if &Edkifygw,f }}
[k ajymvdkufrS cifopfrSm oufom&m&ovkdjzpfoGm;um ...
]] tm;udk;yg&ap q&m&,f? woufvkH; q&mYaus;Zl;rarYygbl;? vGwfatmifvkyfay;ygaemf }}
[k toem;cH awmif;yefonfh rsuEf mS uav;jzifY av;av;yifyif? qGq J iJG ifiifajymvduk af v\/
axG;jronf cifopfudk twefMumpdkufMunfhaeNyD;aemuf ...
]] vGwf&if q&mYudk b,fvdkaus;Zl;jyKrvJ }}
[k tuJprf;ar;vdkufav\/
]] uRefr½SdwJY vuf0wfvufpm;awG q&mvdkcsif&if tukefay;Edkifygw,f }}
]] vuf0wfvufpm;rvdkcsifbl;? bmvkyfzdkYvJ }}
]] 'gjzifY q&mvkdcsifwmajymyg }}
]] cifYudk vkdcsifwmaygY }}
cifopfu toHuav;xGufvmatmif NyKH;&,fum ...
]] q&mu i,frljyefaeovm;? rvkyfygeJYq&m ...ckES,fcg q&mYudktm;udk;ae&wkef;
0efuawmfu ½dkufcsvdkY tajy;&rSm;aeygYr,f }}
[k ajymvdkufav\/
axG;jrum; &,fcsifjcif; tvsOf;r½Sd? yuwd twnfaygufrsufESmxm;jzifYyif cifopftwGuf
rdrw
d iG f tb,frQavmuf pdwaf omua&muf&yk?H cifopfupdr;f um;&ufygvsuf rdru d rcspyf rJ aeEdik yf ?Hk
ay:opftwGuf rdrt d ay:wGif auseyfoifyY rHk sm; pDumywfu;Hk usepGmajymjyae&m ...pum;w0uf
ta&mufwGif cifopfu wHcg;0qDodkY aMumuf½GHUpdk;&drfaomrsufESmjzifY vSrf;MunfhwJYNyD;vQif ...
]] 0efuawmf rtdyfao;bl;xifw,f? y&ifopfvdkajym&if aumif;r,f }}
[k owday;vdkufojzifY ...
]]udpör½Sdbl; ajymEdkifw,f? 0efuawmfudk ta&;pdkufp&m rvdkygbl; }}
[k ajymvdkufav\/
]] 'DvkdrajymygeJY q&m? q&mu ta&;rpdkufaywJY ...uRefrwdkYu ta&;pdkuf&ygw,f?
y&ifopfvdkomajymyg ...em;vnf&ifNyD;wmygyJ }}
[k ajymqdak wmif;yefaeojzifY axG;jrvnf;cifopftvdv k u
kd u
f m jyifopfvkd qufvufajymjy
aeav\/
xdktcsdefwGif cifcifBuD;onf rdrdvnf;em;rvnfawmYojzifY nOfhvnf;eufvSNyDjzpf&m
tomt,m ajcoHrMum;atmif rdrdtdyfcef;odkY jyefvmcJYav\/
cif o pf u m; ...axG ; jrajymjycsuf r sm;em;axmif a e&if ; 0rf ; enf ; aMuuG J v mojzif Y
rsuf&nfrusrdatmif pdwfudkrsKdodyf csKyfwnf;xm;&av\/
cif o pf v nf ; pum;ajymvQif toH w k e f r nf p d k ; ojzif Y axG ; jrajymNyD ; onf h w k d i f a tmif
jyefrajymao;bJ ...ai;pdkufawGa0aeav&m ...
]] b,fYES,fvJ rm&D&JU ...armifajymwmawG oabmrusbl;vm; }}
[k ar;vkduf&m cifopfu twefMumpOf;pm;aeoa,mifvkyfNyD;rS jyifopfpum;jzifYyif ...
]] zdvpftwGuf uRefrvJ pdwfawGua,mifacsmufcsm;jzpfNyD; ...q&mYtay:txifrSm;
oGm;wmyJ? ckrS udk,fa&;BuKH ab;awGUvdkYajymwmr[kwfygbl;? 'DtwGuf pdwfajyoGm;wm awmfawmf
MumygNyD? odkYayr,fY q&mYqDvmajymzdkYu c&D;awGuvJvGefukefawmY ...}}
]] bm c&D;vGefwmvJ rm&D }}
cifopfu axG;jrrsufESm ½Suftrf;trf; trlt&mrsKd;ESifY MunfhwJYNyD; ...
]] q&mu vufxyfNyD;ESifYrSudk; }}
[k ajymvkduf&m axG;jrvnf; rdrdc&D;vGefykH ,lBuKH;r&jzpfum pdwfysuf0rf;enf;oGm;av\/
axG ; jronf pum;rajymbJ a i;pd k u f u m pnf o mud k , f a wmf u cif c if B uD ; ud k aumuf & ef
Bu½H ,G o f nft h wGuf wdu k pf ;kd Bu;D u pnfompufuvGw&f ef twif;t"r® r&ru wGe;f xd;k pDrv H u
dk af Mumif;
zGi[Yf ajymjyvdu k v
f Qif aygufMum;oGm;u &mZ0wfr;D cd;k vTr;f oGm;rnfukd pOf;pm;vsu?f wzef pnfomudk
rxnfhyJ wdkufpdk;BuD;u twif;wGef;zd pDpOfaMumif; ajym&efvnf; waeY pnfom odygu
wduk pf ;kd Bu;D tay:wGif ab;awGUrnft h a&; awG;jrifum rSeo f nft h wdik ;f rajym&ufatmifjzpfaeav\/
od&Yk mwGif cifopftzdw Yk iG f rdrEd iS Yf cifcifBu;D vufxyfNy;D jzpfapumrl wcgrS raygif;bl;aMumif;
od½&dS rSom auseyfEikd v f rd rYf nfukd pOf;pm;rdjyefojziYf wenf;enf;ESiYf rdrad wGUBuKcH pH m;ae&aom'kuu © kd
vGwfajrmuf&efpDrHrS jzpfawmYrnf[k awG;NyD;vQif ...
]] wu,fvdkY ckaecgr,f armif[m vGwfvGwfvyfvyfjzpfae&if cif ,lEdkifrvm; ...}}
[k ar;vdkuf&m ...
]] 'DvdkwifBuKdNyD; rawG;aumif;ygbl;q&m? 'DtcgrsKd;usawmYvJ aemifcgvm aemifcgaps;?
olUtvdkvdkpDrHvmvdrfYraygY? aygif;zdkY taMumif;yg&if aygif;&rSmyJ ...}}
[k cifopfuajzvdkufNyD;vQif ...
]] uJ ...nOfheufvSNyD? tdyfOD;rS jzpfr,fq&m }}
[k ajymvdkufav\/ axG;jronf pmMunfhaqmifrS cifopfESifYtwl xGufvmcJYNyD;vQif
cifopftwGuf jyifqifxm;aom ae&modkY vdkufydkYvdkufav\/
cifopfonf cefYnm;om;em;aom anmifapmif;ckwifBuD;ESifY arTU&mrsm;cif;xm;ykHudkMunfhum
rdrdtay:ü axG;jr rnfrQ*½kpdkufonfudk awG;awmum tm;emoGm;rdav\/
]] tdyf&mem;rSm rD;cwfeJY ausmufxm;w,f? aemufaz;xcsif&if aemufaz;aqmifrSm
tqifoifYyJ? atmufrqif;&bl; }}
[k ajymNyD; tcef;wGif;½Sd rD;tdrfudkrSKwfu xGufvmcJYav\? cifopfonf arTU&may:wGifvSJNyD;
rd r d E S i f Y axG ; jr\ tcspf & mZ0if r sm; jyef v nf p Of ; pm;um ...½k w f w &uf t d y f r aysmf E d k i f b J
tawG;e,fcsJUaepOf ...
]] cif ...tdyfyvm; ...}}
[laomtoHESifY axG;jrajcoHMum;&ojzifY aigufueJxxdkifum ...
]] bmvJq&m ...rtdyfao;ygbl; }}
[k ajymvdkufav\/
tarSmif"mwf\ ydwfzkH;rSKaMumifY vlcsif; wa,mufudkwa,muf rjrif&? toHzrf;NyD; rnfrQ
eD;? a0;onfudk rSef;qaepOf cifopfrSm axG;jr\ ayGUydkufzuf&rf;jcif;cH&av&m toHudkESdrfYum
toem;cHaom trlt&mjzifY wdk;wdk;uav; ...
]] tdk ...tdk ...q&m rvkyfygeJY raumif;ygbl;? 0efuawmfodoGm;&if 'ku©a&muf
ukefvdrfYr,f...}}
[k awmif;yef½Smav\/
axG;jrum; bmrSrajym? ,dk;',m;ppfcsDoGm;uwnf;u ,ckxufxd 4 ESpfausmf 5 ESpftwGif;
&if;ESD;pGm wcgrQaecGifYr&bJ jzwfxm;cJY&ol i,fcspf&nf;pm;a[mif;tm; ...twdk;csESifYcspf&ef?
cdkifcefYaom arwÅm"mwfjzifY ZGwfw½Gwf rvTwfwrf; uRwfwrf;0ifzdkY pDrHvsuf½Sdav\/
]] cufvdkufwmaemf ...q&mYES,f q&mt&ifvdk vlysKdr[kwfawmYbl; q&m&JU ...}}
,cifuxuf tom;t&nfjynfhNzKd;í pnf;pdrfwkd;aeaom axG;jr\ vufarmif;? vufzsH?
yckH;? vufjyif? &ifom;? wifyg;? taoG;tom;rsm;onf cifopftm; tcspfrmefMuGap&m ...
orD;&nf;pm;vnf;ru? vifr,m;vnf;rus trsK;d pkH cspcf ifvmcJ&Y zl;ol i,fcsp&f nf;pm;a[mif;jzpfí
awmif;yef&if; wm;&if; toem;cH&if;ESifYyif rdk;oufavvSKdif;Mum;ü epfjrKyfoGm;&aom avSuav;
uJYodkY aqG;ajrUzG,f? u,folray:bJ jzpfoGm;&avawmYonf/
tcef; ( 12 )
xdkaeYum; ...a½SU½kH;awmf a½TNrKdUawmf0efrif; aZ,s*grPdbGJUcH OD;axG;jr\ ½kH;ü vTwfawmf

tok;H pma&; armifMu, G 0f udk "m;ckwrf KS jzifY OD;pHxeG ;f wdoYk m;tzudk ppfaq;aomaeYjzpf&m? w&m;vdrk mS
vTwfawmf0efaxmufBuD;\om; vTwfawmf tokH;pma&;jzpfí w&m;cHrSmvnf; oufawmfapmifY
Adkvfrif;\ &if;csmaomaqGrsKd;rsm;jzpfojzifY w&m;em;axmif&ef vma&mufMuaom y&dowfrsm;
pnfum;vsuf½Sdav\/
a½S;OD;pGm uif;½k;H t&m½SEd iS Yf NrKUd pma&;? axmifrLS ;wduYk kd ppfaq;Ny;D aemuf OD;pHxeG ;f ESiYf apm'g&mudk
ppfaq;&m? OD;pHxGef;ESifY apm'g&mvnf; rdrdwdkY awGUBuKHjzpfysuforQ rSefonftwkdif; vkH;apYyg'fapY
tppfcHMuav\/
xdkYaemuf aywvlrdvwfESifY cifopfudk ppfaq;&m aywvlESifY cifopfwdkYvnf; tdrfwGif
ajymjyonfhtwdkif; tppfcHMuav\/
axG;jronf cifopfudkppfaq;pOf NyD;umeD;tqkH;em;ü ...
]] armifMu, G 0f ESiYf r,frif; 'DtrSKrjzpfcifu tcsi;f rsm;bl;Muovm; ...}}
[k ar;vdkuf&m ...
]] rrsm;bl;aMumif;yg }}
]] wOD;ESifYwOD; cifcifrifrifyJvm; ...}}
cifopfu NrKdU0efrsufESm armfMunfhwJYum ...
]] armifvdkESrvdk cifcifrifrifyJ aeMuygw,f }}
[k avQmufvdkufav\/
]] armifMu, G 0f ESiYf r,frif;udk vlBu;D csi;f apYpyfxm;w,fqw kd m odovm; ...}}
]] rESpu f apYpyfMuwm odygw,f? jrefrmxk;H pHEiS Yf vufxyfrvm;? A&if*sx D ;Hk pHEiS Yf vufxyfrvm;
qdkwm vlBuD;csif; olUbufudk,fYbufqGJaevdkY taotcsm rapYpyfMu&ao;ygbl; bk&m; ...}}
]] vli,fcsif;awmY oabmwlMuw,faygY }}
cifopfu ½Suf½GHUwGefYqkwfaom trlt&m rsufESmxm;jzifY ...
]] rSefyg }}
[k avQmufvdkufav\/
xdaYk emuf Mu, G 0f wynfh NzK;d atmifukd ppfaq;&m ...NzK;d atmifvnf; 4if;jrifonft h wkid ;f yif
trSeftwkdif; tppfcHav\? xdkaeY tcsdefukefoGm;ojzifY ½kH;qif;vdkuf&av\/
axG;jrrSm tdraf &mufvQiaf &mufcsi;f trSKtwGuf &mZowftrdeaYf wmfrsm;ESiYf "r®owfrsK;d pku H kd
Munf½h KS rwS o f m;Ny;D vQif cgwkid ;f uJo
Y Ykd vrf;avQmufxu G of mG ;vsu?f vrf;avQmuf&mrStjyef cifcifBu;D ESiYf
pum;ajymMunfhrnf[k tm;cJxm;&m? tdrfjyefa&mufaomtcg cifopfa&mufaeojzifY ajymcGifYr&
awmYbJ cifopfESifYom pum;vufqkHusaeav\/
cifopfonf ae0ifírD;xGef;NyD; twefMumvQif jyefrnf[k vkyf&m? axG;jru rdk;csKyfNyDjzpfí
tdrfwGifyiftdyf&ef wm;jrpfxm;aomaMumifY rjyefjzpfawmYay? xdkaeYnvnf; axG;jrESifY cifopfwdkY
tcspfZmwfudk tjrifuyfatmif cif;usif;jyo cspfcifMuav\/
aemufwaeY ½kH;awmfwGif ½kH;xdkifonfESifYwNyKdifeuf ESpfbufa½SUaersm;ESifY oufaotjzpf
tjcm;w&m;olBu;D wa,mufuakd c:iifum ...ukvm;Adv k Ef iS t Yf wl armifMu, G 0f xH NrKUd 0efBu;D OD;axG;jr
udk,fwkdif oGm;a&mufppfaq;av&m? MuG,f0vnf; tdyf&mxJuyif rdrdu apm'g&mudk vlysKdpum;
ajymrdonfrmS rSeaf Mumif;? vufqí JG zufvw JS uif;vkyo f nf qdo k nfrmS wrifoufouf vSnjhf zm;jcif;
jzpfaMumif;? rdru d vlysKpd um;ajymonfEiS Yf apm'g&mu rdrt d m;yg;½du k af Mumif;? rdrt d m; þodjYk yKro l jzifY
rdrdu apm'g&mudk qHyifqGJ yg;½dkufjcif;jzpfaMumif;ESifY xdkYaemufjzpfysuforQ taMumif;rsm;udkrl
rSefonfhtwdkif; tppfcHav\/
axG;jrvnf; <u,f0tppfcHcsufrsm; aocsmpGma&;rSwfapvsuf? ½kH;awmfjyefvmNyD;vQif ...
Mu,G 0f taz 0efaxmufrif; aZ,sausmx f ifukd ppfaq;av&m? 0efaxmufBu;D vnf; Mu, G 0f ESiYf cifopfukd
vGecf aYJ omESpu f vlBu;D csi;f apYpyfay;zl;aomfvnf; rdru d , kd wf idk u f oabmwlír[kw?f Mu, G 0f ylqmí
apYpyfay;&jcif;jzpfaMumif;? vufxyfa&;wGif A&if*sx D ;Hk pHEiS Yf jrefrmxk;H pH wOD;udw k OD;
tvdkvdkufMu&ef jiif;ckHMuonfhtwGuf ysufuGuf&aMumif;? þodkYjzpfjcif;rSm rdrdpdwfxif cifopfu
rvdkcsifí wrif y&d,m,faqmifum vSnfhywfjcif;jzpfonf xifjrifaMumif;rsm;ESifY MuG,f0udk
ukvm;Advk tf rd f oGm;,lpOf 0JbufrsuEf mS wGif nKrd aJ eí ,mbufyck;H pGe;f wGif wkw'f Pf&mwcsuf awGU&Ny;D
0JbufeyH g;wGif wvufrcefeY ufaom "m;'Pf&mawGU&aMumif; tppfcaH v\/
xdkYaemuf Mu,f0udk aq;wifay;&aom orm;awmf OD;cspfrSwfudkppfaq;&m 0efaxmufBuD;
tppfcHwkdif;yif rdrdawGUjriforQ tppfcHoGm;av\? xdkaeY xdktcsdefukefí ½kH;qif;vdkufav\/
aemufwaeYwGif w&m;vdk w&m;cH a½SUaeESpfOD; avQmufvJcsufay;NyD;aemuf NrKdU0efBuD;onf
wnfNidrfcefYnm;aom rsufESmxm;jzifY trSKtjzpftysufudk ½Sif;vif;ajymjyNyD;vQif ...
]] 'DtrSK&UJ tajccHZpfjrpfu Mu, G 0f \ qd;k oGr;f a[mY&rf;? Avuúm& jyKrcl suaf MumifY
jzpfw,f? Mu, G 0f uk,
d w f idk u
f 'Dtcsuu f kd jiif;uG,af omfvnf; ol\wynfh vl,Hk
iNzK;d atmif ud, k w
f idk uf w&m;cHrsm;ESit Yf wl woa0rwdr;f tppfcH oGm;w,f
...
'gYaMumifY 'DtrSKrmS iMu, G 0f [m yxrw&m;cHtppfjzpfw,f? omoemY
'g,dum r[m{u&mZf rif;jrwfBu;D &JU trdeaYf wmf tmPmudk zDqefyek u f efNy;D
olwyg; orD;ysKdudk tvdkrwlbJ vlqkd;vloGrf;wdkYoabmESifY tEdkifYtxuf
Avuúm& jyKrloljzpfw,f? 'DvdkjyKrlwmudk qdkif&m uif;½kH;ESifY NrKdUpma&;?
axmifrLS ;qD w&m;ojzifY wdik Mf um;ajymqdzk o Ykd ifyY gvsuf rwdik Mf um; rajymqdbk J
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ESpfzufoufaoxGufcsuft& tcsif;csif; ESD;&if;aom aqGnm rdwfo*F[
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qGJiifjcif;ESifY yg;? em;½dkufykwfjcif;cH&w,f ...}}
[k aumufcsufxkwfESKwfvsuf xdktcsufrsm;udk wckpD wckpD &mZowfaMumif;odkYwifum
"r®owf? &mZowf udk;&yfaom jzwfxkH;BuD;rsm;ESifYñSdí ...
]] iMuG,f0rSm &mZ0wfawmfa&;udk tav;rjyKbJ trSKjzpfatmif

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&mZ0wfrKS usL;vGeo
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8 &ufcsKyfxm;ap ...}}
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vTwfawmfwufí t,lcH&efvnf;rjzpfEdkifaMumif; od½SdojziYf ,lBuKH;r&jzpfvsuf ]]aeESifYOD;}} [laom
pdwfrsKd;jzpfoGm;av\/
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aywvlESifYtwl jyefvmcJYav\/
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jyefvmcJY&m ...cifcifBuD;onf xl;xl;jcm;jcm;t0wfrsm;vJum avSum;xdyfrS vifudkBuKdonfh
[efrsKd;ESifY&yfaeonfudk jrif&ojzifY tHYtm;oifYoa,mifjzpfNyD;rS ]]igvmwmeJY tcefYoifYvdkY xef;oD;
a<uckduf ...usD;eif;cdkufrsKd; BuKHwmxifyg&JU ...}} [k atmufarYNyD;vQif ta&;,lESKwfqufjcif;
rjyKbJ tdrfxJodkY0ifvmcJYav\/
cifcifBuD;um; trSKppfaepOf okH;&uftwGif axG;jrESifY at;at;aq;aq;pum;ajym&ef
tcGifr&ojzifY trSKNyD;rSajymawmYrnf[k BuHpnfí cgwdkif;vdk cifopfvmOD;rnfvm;? rvmygapESifY
[k qkawmif;&if; axG;jrudkvnf;arQmf&if;qkdovdk avSum;wGif xGuf&yfaejcif;jzpfav\/
rMumrDtrd af y:ü rD;a&mifrsm;vif;vmav\? axG;jronf {nfch ef;aqmifwiG f ra,mifrv,fEiS Yf
a,mifay a,mifayvkyfaeaom cifcifBuD;tm; vuf&yfjyum ...
]] cif ...'D cP }}
[k rdrdtcef;0rS&yfí ac:iifvdkuf&m cifcifBuD;vnf; ]]a&aomufcsifqJ ...a&wGif;xJus}}
ouJYodkY tcefYoifYjzpfoGm;av\/
axG;jru ckwif\ twGif;buf jyLwif;aygufem;uyfNyD; ckwiftkH;wm;udkrSDvsuf cifcifBuD;u
ajc&if;buf ckwifvuf&ef;udkrSDum rsufESmcsif;qkdifxdkifaeMu&if; ...
]] cift
Y wGuf b,fvv kd pl m;rS cGirYf jyKEikd w
f t YJ csuu
f kd udak xG;jr cGijYf yKNy;D csr;f csr;f omom tysK&d nf
rysuf vGwfvGwfvyfvyfxmcJYw,f? cifYudk,fwkdifuvJ waeYu aus;Zl;wifaMumif; 0efcHNyD; ...
udkaxG;jrtwGuf ulnDEkdifwm½Sd&if ulnDygr,fvdkY ajymw,f? tck ulnDp&m tcsufay:aeNyD ...}}
[k ajymvdkuf&m cifcifBuD;u
]] ajymyg ...udkaxG;jrtwGufqdk&if toufeJYvJ ulnDygYr,f ...}}
[k cifcifBuD;u qdkvdkufav\/
]] wdkwdk½Sif;½Sif;eJY vdk&if;ajym&&if cifopfudkjrifw,fr[kwfvm;? ol[m udkaxG;jr&JU i,fcspf
&nf;pm;a[mif;yJ? ,dk;',m;ujyefvm&if vufxyfzdkYpDpOfxm;wm? olUarmif ay:opfudk udkaxG;jr
owfypfw,fqdkNyD; txifvGJvdkY vlcsif;uGJaeMuwm? tck jyefauseyfMujyefawmYvJ 'DrSm vufxyf
r,m;BuD;½Sdaew,fqdkNyD; olur,l0HYbJ jzpfaew,f? 'gYaMumifY udkaxG;jreJY cif b,fvdkaeMuw,f?
wOD;tay:wOD; 'DvdkpdwfrsKd;½SdMubl;? rjypfrSm;Mubl;qdkwm cifYudk,fwkdifu cifopfa½SUrSm 0efcHvdkuf
apcsifwmygbJ ...}}
cifcifBuD;onf axG;jrpum;udkem;axmifae&if &ifxJü vSKdif;yGufuav;rsm;½dkufovdk
vSKdufvSKdufvSJvSJ aMuuGJ0rf;enf;jcif;jzpfrdvsuf rsuf&nfrusatmif twefwef owdxm;aeNyD;rS
,cifu rdrdajymcJYaompum;rsm; jyefvnfowd&um e*dku tysKdrmersKd;0ifvmvsuf ...
]] 0efcHEkdifygw,f?uRefru omNyD;awmY auseyfao;wmaygY? NyD;awmY b,fvdkvkyfrSmvJ }}
[k ar;vdkufav\/
]] cif r,foDv½SifvkyfNyD;awmY udkaxG;jreJY cifopf vufxyfrSmaygY }}
cifcifBuD;um; rdrdpum;ESifYrdrd rdaeum aemufqkwf&rSmvnf;cuf? a½SUwkd;&rSmvnf;cuf?
ajymNyD;om;pum;twGuf ESKwfvdkuf&rSmvnf;cuf? ½kwfw&uf qkH;jzwfcsufrcsEdkifbJ twefi,f
awG;aeNyD;rS ...
]] aumif;NyDav ...udkaxG;jr oabmtwdkif;yJ }}
[k ajymNyD;vQif ...
]] uJ ...'gyJ r[kwfvm;? uRefroGm;awmYr,f ...}}
[k ajymum xGufvmcJYav\/
axG;jrrSm rdrdtBuH txajrmufawmYrnfjzpfojzifY cifopfESifY aygif;&rnfhta&;awG;awmí
0rf;omoGm;av\/
aemufwaeYeHeufwGif cifopfxH tac:vTwfzdkY taqmifudkifwa,mufudk cdkif;aepOfrSmyif
cifopfa&mufvmojzifY tcefYoifYjzpfoGm;um ...pmMunfhaqmifodkYac:cJYNyD; rdrdESifY cifcifBuD;
tajctaeudk ½Sif;vif;ajymjyvkduf&m cifopfrSm r,kHw0uf ,kHw0ufESifY tHYtm;oifYoGm;av\/
]] 'Dvdk wa,mufeJY wa,muf 'DpdwfrsKd;r½SdMubJeJY bmjzpfvdkY vufxyfMuwmvJq&m }}
]] vlBuD;rdbpum; ry,f0HYvdkY vufxyf&wm? vlBuD;awGuvJ wtdrfxJae wa&xJaomuf?
a½Tbkda&mufuwJu twlaeNyD; &if;&if;ESD;ESD;jzpf cspfBuKdufpkHrufaew,fxifNyD; tvdkufod tvdkyg
vkyNf y;D xdr;f jrm;ay;vdu k w f myJ? tJ't
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f idk f 0efcjH y&if ,kEH idk rf ,fr[kwv
f m;?
q&meJY cif&JU &mZ0ifudkawmY olUajymNyD;NyD }}
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]] udpör½Sdygbl;? rSefwmajym opömwJY ...waeUus od&rJYtwlwlbJ }}
[k ajymNy;D vQif tcef;xJuxGuo f mG ;um cifcifBu;D udak c:vmcJaY v&m? cifopfEiS Yf cifcifBu;D rSm
wa,mufrsufESmwa,muf ½Suftrf;trf;MunfhNyD; ESKwfquf&cuf? rquf&cuf jzpfysufaeMupOf?
axG;jru rdwq f ufoabmajymjyNy;D rdrEd iS Yf cifcifBu;D tajctae rnfoaYkd exdik f ajymqd?k BupH nfxm;
MuykHudk ½Sif;jyvsuf ... cifopfzufrsufESmvSnhfí ...
]] tJ'gyJ cif&JU? wa,mufeJY wa,muf aygif;zl;bkdYa0;vdkY ukefukefajymr,f? vufcsif;awmif
rxdzl;Mubl;? (cifcifBuD;udk ar;igYjyum) oluvJ q&mYtay:rSm vifpdwf om;pdwf wPSmpdwfrsKd;eJY
enf;enf;rS rcspfbl;? q&muvJ olUudk om;pdwf r,m;pdwfrsKd;eJY enf;enf;rS arwÅmr½dSbl;? tck
vufxyfNyD;wm wvausmfoGm;NyD? aemuf 4? 5 vMum&if olr,foDv&ifvkyfr,f? 4 v? 5 v
qdkwmvJ ½kwfw&ufrdkY raumif;vSvdkY qkdif;ae&wm? oluawmY ckcsufjcif;awmif vkyfcsifaewmyJ?
ol r,foDv&ifvkyfNyD;&if (cifopfbufvSnfhum) cifeJY q&meJY vufxyfcsifw,f ...}}
[k ajymvdkufav\/
cifcifBuD;ESifY cifopfum; bmrSrajymbJ em;axmifvufpESifY ai;pdkufrSKdifawGaeMuav&m
axG;jru cifcifBuD;udk ar;xdk;NyD; ...
]] uJ ...ajymjyvdkufprf;yg cif&JU }}
[k cdkif;vdkufojzifY cifcifBuD;u axG;jrrsufESm 0rf;enf;aomtrlt&mjzifY MunfhNyD;vQif ...
]] bmajym&rSmvJ }}
[k jyefar;vdkufav\/
]] tck udkaxG;jrajymwJYtwdkif; trSefyJqdkwmaygY }}
cifcifBuD;u bmrSjyefrajymbJ ai;ae&m ...cifopfu cifcifBuD;bufvSnfhNyD; ...
]] uRerf eJY 'Dq&meJY [dk a½TbNdk rKUd awmfaewke;f u ...cspcf ifz;l MuwmawmY trSeyf gyJ? 'gayr,fY
,d;k ',m;ujyefa&mufuwnf;u vlcsi;f wOD;eJw Y OD; txifvNJG y;D uGaJ eMu&mu ...q&meJY 0efuawmf
vufxyfNy;D wmMum;&awmY q&mYtay:rSm 'Dpw d rf sK;d rxm;awmYygbl;? 0efuawmftay:rSmvJ b,fvrkd S
remvdpk wd rf sK;d r½S&d ygbl;? olUuHeYJ olUtaMumif;udv k Ykd atmufarYNy;D ...ausauseyfeyf? tpyftoG,f
r½SdbJ at;at;aecJYwm? tck 'DtrSKusrS rwwfomvdkYod&ygw,f? od&onfhwdkifatmif uRefru
twefwef jiif;y,fwmygyJ? odkYayr,fY q&mu olU'ku©udk ulnDygOD;ajymwmeJY ]]tif;}} vdkuf&wmyg?
q&meJY 0efuawmfjzpfykH[m ...q&majymjywJYtwkdif; trSefyJvm; 0efuawmff&JU ...}}
[k ar;vdkufojzifY cifcifBuD;vnf; 0rf;enf;aMuuGJ? vSKdufvSKdufvSJvSJ jzpfae&mu axG;jr\
&uf&ufpufpufajym&ufykHudk emovkdvdkvnf;jzpfrd? rdrd e*dkrmeudkvnf;rcscsif? rdrda½SUwGif ol\
&nf;pm;a[mif;udk ac:iifjyoum ...txifcHvkyfykHudkvnf; pdwfem? trsKd;rsKd; a'G;a&mOy'f
rqkH;jzwfEdkifbJ jzpfaeNyD;rS ...
]] [kwfygw,f? trSefygyJ }}
[k ajymvdkufav\/
cifopfum; auseyfaomrsufESmrsKd;jzpfoGm;um ...
]] aMomf ...trSefyJudk }}
[k qdkvdkufav\/
axG;jru cifopfudkMunfhNyD; ...
]] ,kHNyDvm; cif&JU ...}}
[k ar;vdkufpOfyif cifcifBuD;u ...
]] uJ ...uRefrudpö NyD;NyDr[kwfvm; }}
[k ar;vdkuf&m ...
]] NyD;ygNyD ...}}
[k axG;jru qdkvdkufojzifY cifcifBuD;vnf; cifopfudkMunfhum ...
]] oGm;vdkufygOD;r,faemf ...}}
[k ESKwfqufNyD; tcef;xJu xGufoGm;av\/
axG;jronf cifopfESifY twefMumatmif cspfwif;ESD;aESmaeNyD;aemuf? ½kkH;csdefa&mufojzifY
vlcsif;cGJum ½kH;odkYxGufvmcJY&m ...cifopfvnf; tdrfjyefoGm;av\/
cif c if B uD ; um; xd k a eY w aeY v k H ; tcef ; xJ w G i f rd r d w d k Y j zpf y k H u d k p Of ; pm;um rd r d t wG u f
woufvkH;ta&;udk trsKd;rsKd;awG;awmvsuf yifyef;pGm pdwftvkyfvkyfaeav\/
axG;jronf xdak eYnae vrf;avQmuf&mu jyefvmNy;D ? tcef;xJwiG f pdwu f ;l ,OfaepOf ñSK;d i,f
0rf;enf;aomtoGifjzifY cifcifBuD;0ifvmum cgwdkif;xdkifaeus ckwifajc&if;bufü vuf&ef;udkrSDNyD;
BuKHUBuKHU½kHU½kHUxdkifaeav&m axG;jrvnf; acgif;&if;bufodkY wdk;a½TUvsuf ckwiftkH;wm;udkrSD&if; ...
]] bmudpövJ cif }}
[k ar;vdkufav\/
]] ajymp&menf;enf;½SdvdkYaygY udkaxG;jr&,f? vmwmawmif rvmapcsifawmYbl;vm; ...}}
]] q&meJY rcifopfwdkYawmY aysmfaysmfBuD; ae&pfMuayawmYaemf? uRefrawmY b0ua&puf
rygvdkY r,foDv½Sifvkyf&awmYr,f? r,foDv½SifvkyfaywJY Mum½Snfae&r,frxifygbl; }}
[k 0rf;enf;oHESifYajymvdkuf&m ...axG;jru ...
]] bmjzpfvdkY Mum½Snfae&r,f rxifwmvJ }}
[k ar;vdkufojzifY
]] toufwdkrSm rdkYvdkYaygY½Sif ..}}
]] bmjzpfvdkY toufwkd&rSmvJ ...}}
]] 'gavmuf pdwfraumif;wJYvl[m b,fYES,fvkyf touf½SnfrvJ? pdwfaxmif;udk,faus
a0'emrsKd;eJY ...}}
[k ajymae&if; toHwkefvmojzifY pum;jzwfxm;vdkuf&m? axG;jru ...
]] cifYrSm 'gavmuf pdwfraumif;p&m bmrsm;½SdvdkYvJ? udkaxG;jrwwfEdkif&if ulnDaqmif½Guf
ay;ygYr,f? ajymprf;yg ...}}
[k ar;vdkufrS cifcifBuD;vnf; vSKdufvSKdufvSJvSJ aMuuGJ0rf;enf;jcif;udk NzKdzsufzdESdyfzdkY rpGrf;Edkif
awmYbJ Munfvif0if;xdefaom rsufvkH;tdrfESpfckrS rsuf&nfrsm;pD;usvsuf toHwkef&DpGmESifYyif ...
]] uRerf ajym&rSm ody½f u S yf gw,f½iS ?f uRerf b0uqd;k vGe;f vdYk ckvkd udak xG;jru &uf&ufpufpuf
vkyf&ufwmaygY }}
[k ajymNyD;vQif w½SKwf½SKwfESifY BudwfíidkaMuG;av&m axG;jrrSm tBuD;tus,ftHtm;oifYum
cifcifBu;D jzpfyHk em;rvnfEikd af tmifjzpfvsu?f xdo k eYkd m;rvnfjcif;udk tcsed , f pl Of;pm;raetm;bJ csucf si;f
vufiif; oem; u½kPmjzpfvmum cifcifBuD;tem; oGm;a&mufí rsufESmcsif;qdkifxdkif&if; idkjcif;
taMumif; &dyfrdvsufESifYyif ...
]] udkaxG;jr bmrSr&ufpuf&ygvm; cif&JU? udkaxG;jru b,fvdkvkyfrdvdkYvJ ...}}
[k yckH;udkudkifí Muifem,k,pGm ar;av\/
]] 'Dxuf &ufpuf&OD;rvm; udkaxG;jr&,f? vludk r,foDv&ifvkyfckdif;NyD; wzufom;a½SUrSm
&uf&ufpufpuf rcspfbl;ajymvdkufwm ...}}
]] tdk ...'gu cifudk,fwkdifu r,foDv&ifvkyfr,f? udkaxG;jrjzifY rcspfEkdif? raygif;Edkifbl;
ajymxm;vdkY cifYoabmusajym&wm? EdkY ...cifu udkaxG;jrudk cspfrsm;aeovm; ...}}
[k ajymvdkuf&m cifcifBuD;u vufESifY rsuf&nfokwfae&if; acgif;NidrfYvdkufojzifY axG;jrrSm
tHYtm;oifYoGm;um ...
]] tdk ...'Dvdkqdk&ifvJ cif&,f ...tpuajymygawmY? pum;awGvGefukefrS ...}}
cifcifBuD;rSm cifopfxuf ½kyf&nfrnHhonfhjyif cifopfxuf 4 ESpfausmf 5 cefYi,f½G,fí
EkxGwfpdkajy&mwGif ydkrdkvsuf½Sd&m ...ol\ woufvkH;uxm;cJYaom rmevnf;uscJYNyDjzpfí
rdbt½SdefESifY tdrfwGifaecJY&zl;aom aus;Zl;vnf;½SdojzifY rdrdu jyefírcspfygbl;ajymum y,f½Sm;&ef
vkH;vkH;roifYawmfaMumif; pOf;pm;rdav\/
trSeftm;jzifY rdrdudk,frSmvnf; ol rcspfomrcspfbJae&onf? ol cspfvQifjyefí cspfcsif?
cspfEkdifaompdwfrsKd;½SdcJY&um; ...tusyfBuKHoGm;av\/
]] tpuawmY ½SufwmeJY rajymbJaewm? udk,fYvifudk,fYom;jzpfvmrifY rcspfbJ aeygYrvm;}}
[k idkoHygBuD;ESifY wkefwkef&D&D ajymvdkuf&m ...axG;jrvnf; rdrda½SUwGif rdrdudk cspfcif
pkrH ufygonf[k twdtvif;ajymaeaom r,m;acsm tom;jzLwk;H uav;tm; ,lBuK;H r&aom rsupf jd zifY
Munfhae&mrS oem;cspfpdwfrsm; ,dkzdwfvmum? &ifcGifay:odkY qGJ,layGUydkufí ESpfNcKdufpGm azmif;jynfh
tdpufaom yg;uav;udk arT;csvu kd pf Of NAK;H ueJ cifopf0ifvmojzifY ESpaf ,mufom; Muufaoaoum
rsufESmrxm;wwfatmifjzpfaeNyD;rS cifcifBuD;udk &ifcGifay:ucsNyD; ckwifacgif;&if; tkH;wm;em;
oGm;a&mufxdkifaeav\/
cifopfonf cifcifBuD;ESifY ,SOfxdkifvsuf axG;jrbufrsufESmrlaeojzifY rsufvkH;csif;
qkHoGm;av&m ...axG;jrvnf; ½kwfw&uf ½Sufoa,mif jzpfoGm;NyD;rS £aÈ´qnfum ajym&rnfh
twlwl vufiif;vnf;rdaeojzifY rxl;awmYb;l oabmydu k íf rdrEd iS Yf cifcifBu;D \ ,aeYtajctaeudk
ajymjyum wOD;udkwOD; rypfEkdifawmYonfhtaMumif; ½Sif;vif;jyNyD;vQif ...
]] cufwmyJ cif&JU? 'DrSmuvJ 'DvdkjzpfaeNyD? cifYudkvJ rcspfbJraeEkdifbl;? odyfusyfwmyJ ...}}
[k ajymvdkufav\/
cifopfum; tcef;jyifbufwGif 0ifvdkY awmfrSawmfygYrvm;? {nfhcef;uae ac:,lrvm;
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