IRC:36-201o

CE
MENDED PI:IIACTI
RECOI\II
FORCONI}TRUCTIONOF EARTH
fi
tl
n
u
t
AND $;UBGRADI
EMB,ANKIVIENTS
I
FO'RROADWCTFiIKS

(FlRfiTREVISIC)lNi)

INDII\INROADSCOI\IGRESS
2010
 (TheOfficialamendments to thisdocumr:ntwouldbe
'lrrdian
Highways'
by the lFlCin its periodical,
published
whichshall be consideredas effectiveiandas part of the
code/guideli
ners/manual, :;per;ifi
etc. fromthe d:,rttl ed therein)
 l RC : 3 6 - 2 0 1 0

DEDPRACT
RETCOMI/IEN rlG
E
FORCOT{S'TRUCTION OF EIARTH
EMBI\NKME:hITSAND SUBGiRADE
FORTIOAD WORKS
(Frr(sr
REVrsroN)

P'ublis'ltedby

INDIANI1OADS
GONGRESS
hlarnaKotiMarg,
Sr:ctorr6, Fl.K.Puram,
N l e w D e l-hf A
i 022
N I O V E M E E- R 2O1O

(Packing & Po:;Iitge 7;,::r:: :r?,?:,

 tRC:36-201C

P E R S O N N EO
L f : T H E H I G H W A Y ISJ P E C I F I C A T I I f NAS, N D
SITA NDARDS COMMI'rT'EE
( A s o n 1 ' t M a y ,2 t ] 1 0 )

1. Sinha,A.V. DirectorGeneral(RD),1Sipl.Secretary, lr4irristry

of
(Conven.r) Road Transporlit lliohways, New Delhi
2. Puri,S.K Addt.DirectorGeneral,Ministryoi Fload
(Co-Conrrenor) Transport& Highvuay,s,
NerwDelhi
3. Kandasam'/,c. chief Engineer(ri) s&Ft,I'/inistryr:f Roacl
(Member-Secretary) Transport& Highvrays,New Delhi

Itrlernbers
4' Datta,P.l(. ExecutiveDirector, Cor,sulting
E.ggi.Senrices(l)
Pvt. L-td.,New Derll-ri
5. Gupta,K.K. ChiefEngineer(ttetd.),H:rryanapWD
6. Sinha,S. Addt.ChiefTranspror.tation
Engineer,CIDCC),
Navi Mumbai
7. Kadiyali,Dr.L l?. ChiefExecutive,
L.lR,K;rdiyali
& Assr:ciates,
New Delhi
B Katare,PK Director(projects_lll), lrJatirnal Rural Roarjs
Deve:opm e rrlAgerrr
cy, (lMin istry of ll ural Dev,eloprnen
|),
New Delhi
L Jain,Dr.{i.{i. Professor& Coordiralor., Centreol l-ransgrorlation
Engg.,li'f Roorkeer, iiloorkr:e
'10'
Reddy-K Siva Engineer-in"Chiel |Il{lti)AndhraPradesh,Hyderabari
11. Basu,S.8r, ChiefEngineer(Fleld), l/cRT&l_j,tlrewDe,lhi
12. Bordoloi,r{.tl. ChiefEngineer(Nll) ,r\sr;arn, Gur,vahati
13' Rathore,Il'li. PrincipalSecretary to lhe Govt.of r3ujarat,Fl&BDeptt-
Gandhinagar
14' Pradhan,B C. ChiefEngineer(Nfl), G;clvt. of oriss;ar,
Bhubaneshwar
15. P r a s a dD
, .N. , C D ,p a t n a
C h i e fE n g i n e e(rN F t )R
16. Kumar,Ashok ChiefEngineer, Mjnistn/of Road fra,nspon&
Highways,trJewD,:llri
17. Kumar,Kamlesh chief Engineer,M nisrryof Roadrrarrsporr&
Highways,New Dr:lhi
1B' Krishna,Prabhat ChiefEngineer, (Re:td,)ir/inistryof RoadTransport&
Highways,New Dr:hi
19. Patankar,',/.,t-.: Member,(Tech.), lratir:r"al
Highwayst\uthorilyof India
N e wD e l h i
20. Kumar,l.Iahersh Engineer-in_Chief,l.laryanapWt)
21. Bongirwiar,
P.L. AdvisorL&T,Mumt:eri
22. Sinha,A.K. L,f:1pWD, Lucknow
ChiefEngineer,(Nt-1),

(i)
iFlC:36-2010

FirstPublishrrd : Octrrber,1970
Fleprinted : June,1980
Fleprinted : September,1gg0
Fi,eprinted : Apr;lil,1995
Fi,eprinted : March,2002
Flreprinted : July,2004
R:r:printed : January, 2006
R r:p ri n te d : ,August,2007
FirstRevision : November, 2010
i

(All Rights fle.served-Na part of thispublicaliorrs:h,all

be'reprodu,ced,translatedor
transroittedin any formor by any meanswilhctutthepermi:;sionol'the
lndianRoads Congre:;:;)

Jr,intedat : lG Prirrters& Publishers;lrrrl.Ltcl.,New Dtelhi

(500 Copies)
 IRC :36- 201

CONTENT:i

PageNt

anrj Stan'JardsCommittera
HigirwaysSpecifications (i
Personnel01'th,e

1. Introduction
2. Scope
3. Materials
4. and Investigations
Soil Surueys,
5. StructuralFeaturesof the Embankment
6. SettingtJtit Corrstrudion
Limits

7. PreliminaryOperations
B. ol Embankment
Construction
I Control
Soil Erosionand Sedimentation
of Road ()rla Flood Bank
1rl). ConstructionarndlVlaintenance
1 ' 1 . E m b a n f : m e nA
t sr o u n dS t r u c t u r e s
Widenirrgof ExistingEmbankments
1'.2!..
1:3i. EarthworkOver Existingtload Surface
Construction
1,t]. Embankrn€rnt Condition
UnderSubrnerged
Shoulders
o1'Eartlren
1l:i. Construction
Construction
1l:i. FlyashEnrbanl<menl:
. Finis;hing'CPer:ations;
1'7'
1 ;3 . D ra i n a g e
for {iettlernent
1rel.Allowancet
Control
Zti\. Compactirrn
Control
21. QualitY
of DensityResulr::;
Acceptance
2:2..Analysi:;arnrJ
23\. SoftAre'a:;
 IRC:36-2010

2t3. Sharma.S.C. DireclorGenerar (RD)&.AS(Retd.), MoF:T$H,

New Dell'ri
'24.
Sharmalf r. V.M. Consulant,Altullt.,i\ew Delhi
|25. Gupta,D.P. DirectorGenera(RD)& hS (Retd), MoRT&H,
' New Delhi
:a6. Momin,Si.S. Forner Member, iVaharashira PublicSeryicre
Commission, Murinbai
',17.
Reddy,Dr. T.S. Ex-Scienhst,Cernl.ralFloadResearc:h Institute,
New Delhi
iL'1. Shuhla,Fi.S. Ex- Scientisl,Cr:ntrallioad Researr:hInstitute,
New ftelhi
2,.1). Jain, R.K ChiefEngineerr,llet,C-)HaryanapV1/D, Sonerpat
:i0. Chandras,ekhar, Dr. B.P. Director(Tech.),l\lalionalRuralRoardsDerverlooment
Agency(Ministnr of jRuralDevetopment), NerwDelhi
31. singlr,l3.l'1. lvlembr:r[iech.),llationalHighwaysAuthoritl,of India
New Delhi
31?.. Nashkal:S.S. Chie{E:ngineer (\tl{).PW lR),Kotkala
33 Raju.Dr.G.VIS- ChiefE:ngineer (iR{tEl).,{ndhra
Pra<Jersh,
HrTderabad
. 3zl. Alam, Parwe.z \frce-President,
f.lincluslanConstn.Co. Ltd.,
3:t. Gangop'acJhyay, Dl S. Director,CentralFloed lle:;earchInbrritute,
NewDelhi
36. Singhr, f,JirmalJil ,&
DirectorGeneral(t1D) s,s (Reld.),MoRT&H,
New Delhi
3l'. Sinhar, \/.kl DirectorGeneralriRO),i SS (Retd.),MoR-l-&H,
New Delhi
38. Jain,N.S. ChiefEngineer(ltetct.), MoRT&f.i,tNewDethi
39. ChiefErrgineer(Plg) Ministryof Roadfr,an'sport & Highways,New Dethi
40. llepresentativ'e DirectcrGeneralEtonjerRoads,New Delhi

EX-Officio Membetr;
1. IRC
Presicerrl, (Liansanga), Engineer-in-chief pwD
and secretarry,
Mizoram,Aizawl
2. Directr:r(General)RD & (Sinha,A.V.)Minir;iryof RoadTransprrrt
& l-tighways,
Spl Secretary New Delhi
3. Secretany Gereral (lndoria,R P.)lndrzrn
lloads;Congress,
NewDelhi
Cor respo n di ng Memb e*:;
1. Justo,Dr,c;.E.G. EmeritusFeilow,f]iang;:rloreuniversity',
Banl;alore
2. Khatta',lr/.D. Consr:ltant,
RunwralClenllre, Mumbai
3. Agarwal,M K. Engineer-in-rlhief
(qteilcl.,y,
l-raryanapWD
4. Borge,V.B. Secretary(Roads),ltiertd pWD, Mumbai
), t/taharaslrtra

(ii)
 IRC::36- 2010

1 TNTRODUCTIOI\I
1'1 Successfulperforntance of an embankment clependsa,smu,chon adopting
standards of goodcompaction inconstruction as oncar,efrllpre-investigationsregarding
lhe setectionof app,rsprriate borrowsoil and rlesignfeatures d,; ;;;'n'r,n"n,
Ther'efore,allasllectr;deserver equalattention to impro,ve "f
performance and to makethe
embankment thertis ':c:rncn:ii:al.
Subgradeswhicharr-- v/(!ll-compactelcl
possiesshigh
strengthand resistanceto derformation; and due to ttrr:irinr:reasedstability,re<Iuction
in theroverallthic'krrc:ssof the pavemen', is i.:si;ally
feas;ible.
Sincein a w,eiicornpacieci
embzlnkment. subs;erquernt setttements of the fill are ner;ligibld,
the pe,rmane.troad
struc;ture
can be sarfely placecr on satisfactory comple,tiorrcf earthworr,r.
1.2 Realizin,3theradv:rntagesthat can be herdby going
irr for irm'roved
pracliices in Embzrnkment construction,IRC:36"R€rccnrmended practice for the
con:;truction c'|rEianhEnrbankments for RoadWorks'\to,a,sfirstpublishu,lin i,gzo.tbe
re-constituted Enrbankrnent, Groundlmprovement anrJlJrainerge
(H'-4)Committeein
its fir:;tmeetingireld on 07 Nlarch2009,considered
the urgentnee6 to revis;ethis
Coderand otherrelilted(lodesof Practicesdealingwiil"rthe ernbankment
de:siglnand
constiruction aspe:cts to k:eeppacewiththe changesin ter,:hnology and improve'men{s
in the constructionprocerdure as well as qualitycontroler>:pectations.
lt was alsofelt
that IRC:10:1961 flReccmmended Practicefor Borrclvpitsfor Road Emb:rnl<ment
constructed by fvlanual operalion"hasbecorneobsolerre, sincemanuirlmeil-rods are
no lottgerbeingadopledfor roadconstruction. lt was accordinglydecirlr:dtirat Useful
aspectof IRC:10maybe amalgamated withthepropo,se,cjC,cde.Shrilvtahesn krrr,
Engineer-in-Chief, HzrryanaFWD (B&R),(Convenor,l-l_,4gommiltr:r:),
alongwith
shri tj- K. Kansarand shri Vipinsharma,bothExecuti,re
Engineers,a"ry^rr,^rwo
(B&R)took resporrsri[itity of prerparing
the draft,based"ontherrworkExperienr:e:s.
Initially,
this docurnentwas approvedby the H4 comr:nittr:e
in its fou16rmeetingheld
on 26 iseptember200s)for plactngbeforethe Highway:;
{ipecifications and StarntJards
(HsS) Committeef'or cc'nsideration. The HSS Cornnritter:in its seicondrneeting
held on 20 october 2009 referredback the document
l<l r-l-4conrmitteefor s;ome
modific;ations as per con'rmenbofferedby the HSS rnerrnbers. Modifie,cdocurrtent,
duly incorporatingtlre commentsofferedby the HS{i ,committee
mre,mbers,}vas
againapprovecl b1'the H-4 Cornnrittee
in its seventhnree,tinE heldon 09 April2t010.
l.he modified draft tJocurnent,thereafter,was pracedb,:foie the ,HSS comrnrittee
duringits third meetin'gl^reld
orr 01 May 2010 and Hllsi oonrmittee;approvedi
the
same."l-hedraft d0cumentwas approvedbv the Execr_rtirr,: (lonrmitteerinits rnec,tno
lFlC:36-2010
hr::ldon 10 t/ay 2010 and was then placedb€fc,r(r the IRC Councilin its 191''
fc:rconsideration. TIre Council
nr3etingheld all ltlunnar(l(erala)on 22toMay 2Cr'lr]
aprprovedtherctor:unrent in the liglhtof comments
s;ubjectto some modific:ztti':ns
olireredby the Council A,embers.The docurnernt ,after incorporiating cclmments
ol' Council mernbers, was approvedby the Convernr:r of HighwaysSpeciifications
& StandardsCgmmittee for printing.
The Composilion cf H-4 Commlttee is as given
br:rlOW:

Kurnar,Nlahesh Convenor
Sharma,A,runKumar 0o-Convenor
Mathur,[iudhir 5s6ygtary
h,4ember

Members

C h a n dF
, aquir f:iao,Prof.G.'y'.
D h o d a p k aAr ,. N . filao,Prof.F'.Jl.
Gajriir,Maj.Gen.K.T. tiaha D.C.
'
Sanjay
Guptia, S a n g a lM, . M .
Guptie,Dr. Pradeep Sen,Samiren'
J a i , nN, a r e s hC h a n d Siingh, R"B.
J a i n l MK . I ' h o m a sD
, r..lirnmy
Jah:ta,Dr.A.V. \(lrma, Maj.V.t3
Kartsial,
Fl.K. Chitra,R.
ft4inimol
Korullia, (Flep-Dir.CSMRS)
K o u l ,R L . Tiwarr,Dr.A.Fl.
Satender
Kurnarr, (Flep.of DGBR)
El.C.
Pradfran, C.[:., PWD,Meghalaiyet

r3or r esp ond ing Me,t1

b ers
Verma,M.S.

Ex-Officio Members
Lians:ln,gel (Presidernt,
lFlC)
S i n l t a ,A . V . (Director
Gei-teral(RD)&SS,MoR'fH)
Indori:r,R.P. (Secretarqr IRC)
Gr-'neral,
 IRC:36-2010

2 SCOPE

2.1 given in this Code sl^allilpply to the cclnstructionoi

The reconnmendations
embankments, andof miscellaneous
sut)gua,Jes backfillwilh either
materialsclb,tained
or borrowpits,cr
fromexcavationfcr roadconstruction, rrther areas.
selectedborrovrl
r;hrall
Allembankments be in
constructed accordancewith lhis Code and in confcrrnity
withUl,ealignment,lrovels, anddimensions
cross-sections, shown on the plarlsor as
by the Engirreer-in-Charge.
directerd

3 MATERIALS
3.1 The mate,rial used in embankments, subgr;rdes, earthenshouldr:rsand
miscelllaneousbackfill:;
sl-rall gravel,flyztsh,
be soil,moorurn, a mixturerrftheseor any
materialapprovedby the Engineer-in-Charge. Suchrnaterials shall be free of logs,
likelyto ilrJrrsl*.itaffectthe stabilityof
stump:),roots,rubbish,or any otheringredient
the enrbankmenUs;ubg rade.

3.2 of sub gra,Jesand

The sel:ction of the nrdterialtobe usedin the r:,cnslruction
embankmentsshztllbe:madeatlernecessarysurveysantllaborstorlrirlvgttigatircns.

4 IJOIL.
SURVEYS
AND INVESI'ICiATIONS
4.1 The purposescf the soilsurveysare:
a) To determine.tire natureof the soils vvith:r view 1o deterrrrinethe
suilability
of embankments forthedesignof pavements
-lo
b) dretemrinethe proper methodsol' rnanciling soils ;and lher test
r€quirements th:rtshouldbe incorporated
in construction
specifications.
c) To providerdata so that in combinaticnrrritlrconstructionrecordsit
servesas a basisfor appropriate
sludyof subgrades,roerdbariers and

4.2 P r e l i m i n a r yI n v e s t i r g a t i o n s

After the rciad'aligr:rment

and longitudinal prelimrinary
profilehaye,been finaiiz-ed,
shalltrecarriedoutto procurethefollowing
investirgations data:
a) Tht-' suitabilitycf materialfor embarrkmentwork oLrtainablefrom
excavatiorrfor rcladconslruclionsor fro,mborrowareasl
b) lnfclrrnation
regerrding
the locationof brlrrowareasshall consrderr the
fac'.ors
of lead,ar:cessibility
of earthmovingr:quiprnent:;,
initialcosl.etc
 l F { C : 3 6 - 2 0 01

c) regardingthe highestsub-soilwater level an,Cthe nature

Inforrnatiorr
irnd erxtentof inundation, if any,g;atlreredfrom locill enquirir:sor from
previr>usol'fi
cial records.
-[he
d) characterof embankment foundartions includinl;the presenceof
any unstablestrata,marshyareas,r:t,c.lnihecaseof highernbankments
and elmbankments locatedon un:stabie strata,infrcrnationregarding
the failureof earlierembankments; iit thal areir, logetfrerwith the
of :iailure,
ca{-rs€}s shallalsobe ga!heredfrom available"ecordsand
erxperiences.
problenr
e) l\ny particularconstruction in theareaor arryotherinrformation
likelyto be useful.

4.3 DetaiiledInvestigations

Clnthe basis of the repod:of preliminaryinvestigarlions,

the programmefo'rdetailed
irlrestigations
shall b,adrawn up. Thesurveyproceclur€r
erndinformartion
to bergathered
slrallc.onform
to tfre outlinesgivenbelow:

4,',3.1 Tes;tpits slrallbe dug in borrowareasfrr>nr wheretheembankmentmaterial

is to be obtain,ed.
When enrbankment materialis obtiainedfromselectedborrowareas,
arlequate numbr-.rof samp,lesshallbe takenfrorrr€)achsuch arear.The depthof the
testpitsshoul,C rrote:rceedthe likelydepthof the :its Lry'rnore
than 150mm.

4.:l-2 The gleneralcharac;ter of the malerialexcar,'atedout ol'l,hetest pits shall

be recorded.Represr:ntati're samplesof the soil :;rall be collecteclfrom the test pits
for furtherdetailredstudy in the laboratory[For s;rrnplii:rg
procedurereferto lS 2720
(F'iart
1)1.

4.3i.3 Alorrgthe alignrnent of the roadwhereunstirblestratacrrsoft materialrs

rnert
with,belovvthe foundationlevel,and particularly whr3rr:the heigfrtof the fillwill be
considerabl€, thersoil profileshallbe drawnafterdete,rmining,by way of borelroles, the
typeof soilat d ifferentlevels;.
The boreholes maybe aLt500rn intervals;,
the rlepthbeing
normally 1.25lo 1.5 nr belowexistinggroundlevel.ln th,jcase of highembankments
(6 ,mor more) and problernaticsubstrata,the minimuntclepthof broreholers should
be twicethe lteightof the embankment. However, a well informerd decisionbased
uponthe availzlble infrrrmattonneedsto be takenirteve1,caSe.A siampleshouldbe
tal:renfrom ea<;hstratum founclin each boring.$r:brsequently, on the basis;of tests
pr:rformed in the laboratory, thesoilorofileshouldbr:drarvnHiglrernbankments rnall
sorlshavingheightover 6 nr shallbe designed as [){]rlR0;i'5.
 rRC:3rj_2010
4'3'4 Reliatrle
information shallbe collected
at ilrisslageregardingthe prrcbable
highr:stsub-soilwiaterlevel
alongthe alignment of the ernbaninient.-
hotesshourd berJusfor lf ne,celssary
rhisprrp,i" andretror12to 24;;;;;;;'ftil,"1o
themlo itsfinallt:vr:l
beloreanyobservations risein
soilwaterlevelis krlolvnto be
aremarle.
Allernatively,ir,lrhsf-.
thesub-
ouiteJowor,v,rhere the criggingof holespose partfcular
dif{iculty
on accotrntof threterrainbeing
difficurt,
ttrisirricirnationrnightbe ascerrained
lhroughlocalenquiries
[fReferClauseA.Zb)].
4'3'5 samplr:sof soilinterndedto be usedin ernbiarrkrnent workshallbe testedin
thelaboratoryfor the folktwingproperties;
a) Siervr:
analysisor p;article
sizedistributir:r.
b) Liqui,C
t_imit.
c) plasticLinrit.
d) plaslricity
lndex.
e) ShrinkageLimil.
0 lrreeSwellingIndex.
g) For vvorki'g out threoptimum
Moisturer conient (oMC) fr.m the
rnoisturedensityrerationship,
in caseof rvHs,sr_Jsand MbR"
contpiactiorl corresponding heavy
to ts 2720(PerrtB) be userdwhile
roadscomprising for rurar
ODRsandVRs,righi;;,npaction
tS 272.0(part 7) maybe useo. coqresponding to
h) Delekrrious constituents_
Howevr::r'
in cases cf high fillsor ernbankments
andfills;oilfor substralasherll laidon scfrfounrJations u^resuirsrrata
be subjr:ctecj
to restslikeshearstrength and,
if consirrered necessaryard so ciirer:ted c'nsoridartion
by theEngineer-in-charge.
4'3'6 The test:;mentionedabclve
procedureiaid dowrrin IS shallbe carriedclurin accordance
with the
2r7201retevantpart),Methodsr>frest for srirs,,.
4'3'7 Aftercarryirrg out thelabcrratory
(Table1) acc'ording tesls,eachs,cilrsanlple shallbr-.classiried
to the lndianstanJarosyslern
of soiir:lassiflcation
(ls 14gB)
4'3'B The resultsof
investigations
.lerboraticry shal]b,epresented,in a concise
form.The proformar:ivenin Table2,nay Ueir:.edfor
this purpose.
rorherests
prescribed
in crause
,'..r.s,
l#,,.,
for
ru
ra
r,o i ;^;,ll
",*;ll':on
;ll ';.;
1""H
samprers
of soirro be
"0, s?:r'"?!,:il
clausea'3'5 (g) dfterscaking fl,T:
ff1r
nff"T#
* 55J
:ii;;
the samflesin waterfor four
testsshallbe usedfor theaelsign Jays.The resupsof rhese
%+
of palrement._.
'onryin _

sart-inresreJl;;;r*r"
"For guidarice
*;;, .*;;;;n
in this rr
icc,i;';;j:Li,'lio,ili
li;lifi?l;,i,i;""'Ai#:iF:i,ff.." and
i::B:"3,nili:,:1,;ili?,,?,!,J.ilnetrs"
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 lFtc.36'2010

4.3.10 Forselectionof soil,referTable1 on InclianSt,andardSoil Clas;sification

classification
System (lS 14198), being baseci on anl.icipatedernkrankment
perforrnance.

4.4 Requirernent:;
AcceptanceCriteria/Physical

4.4.1 The materialsuserJin embankments', subgrades,earthen s;houlders

backfill:;sirallbe soil, moorunt,gravel, reclilimedmraterial from
anr3miscellan,aous
fiy-ash,(pirndash),a mixtureof these6r any other material approvedby
pa\r'ement,
the Enginesl-in-r:harge.Such materialsshalibe fier;of lo.qs,stumprs,rotlts;,rubbish
or any other ingredientlikelyto deteriorate or affer:tthe r;tabililyof the enrbankmenV
subgiade.
i) The forrowingtypes of materialsharllbe r:onsidererd unsuitablefor
e mbankmerltccrnstruction.
a) Materials fromswarnps, marshes;and bogs.
as
rnaterial;any ,soilthat r:lerssifies
b) peat, log,sturnpand perishablel
{S 1498'
Ol,, Ol, OH or Peatin accordanr:ewith
combustion'
to spontanr:ous
c) Materialssr:s0eptible
d) Materialsin a frozencondition.
e,) ciay havirrgliquid limit exceecling70 and plastic:ityindex
e x c e e d i n g4 5 .
lr Materialsr,rrith saltsresulting of the embanknrent.
in lelar:hing
g)E;<pansiveclayhavingfreeswel||inginclexexcer:ding50percent.
of suitablesoil in adjoining
H,cwever,in case of non availability
soiishallbelsuitablynrodified'
areas,lhe available
be corrsicierr:d
ii) l-he f,:llowingtypes of materials;hiall unsuitablefor
s ubgr:adecrrnslruction.
. zt) Materialsfromswamps,marshers erndbrogl;
b) Peat,log,sitump andperishablismalelrial; as
any soillhatclassifies
Ot.,Ol, OFIor Peatin accordanc;ewithlS 1498'
. c;) Materialssusceptible to spontaneouscombustion '
cl) Materialsin a frozencondition
'e) 25.
exce6ding
50 andplastici\rinrdex
Clayhavingrliquidlimitexceedingl
f) tr/laterial of the enrbank,ment.
with saltsresultingin le;achinE
soils.
g) Expansive
tRC.36-2010
"free
propertie's
4.,4..2 Expansive mairked
clay exhibiting swelland shrirrkage
(Part40)lshallnot
50percenl
index'e,xceeding
swelling {wftn testedias'perlS 2l2A
"freeswellinginclexfvalue
fr:r"ritrg
berusedas a fill rnaterial.Wherr:an expa[siveclay
andtop 500 mm portionof the
is usedas a fillmatetial,subgril'Cer
lessthan50 percrent
jr"rst
belowsub,grade shall non-expansive in nature'
enrbankment f
c:ontent exceeding;1'9 gr'amsof
4.4i.3 Any fill materialwith solubleisulphate
BS:'1377 Test
surtphate(expressedas SOr)per litrewiientestedin accon]ancewith
withirr500 mnrclistance
10, but usinga,Z:'1u,aterJoil ratiosha6not be dreF)osiled
worksconstrucled otlt
(oranyotiiercjisiarrce describeiiin ihe coniraci),of pei'manent
of concrete,cerment or othercqmentitious
nrateriells rnaterial.

r:ontent(gxpressedas;SO.)exceerdingl 0'5 percent.by

Materialswith a total:sulphate
rvithQS:1377 I shallnot be <teposiled
Ters:i within
mass,when te:stedin accordance
of metallicitb'msfomringpart
tfreContr':lct,
500mm,or an'/crther,listancectescribdOlin
Works.
o{ ihe Pernran,:flt
not
of earth sh;allorclinarily
4.t1.5 The sfze ol,the coarsematerlalin the nri>lture
exceed75 mrn wfrerrplacr:din the enfbankment arrrd50 mm when pla':edin the
may at his discretit)n pr3rmitthr-'useof
,r[r*". noriuuur,the E.gineer-in-chprge
will not presentanydifficutty
malerialcoarserrhanthis,il'heis satisfi{dthatthe same
to the requirernents of
as regardsthe prlacemepl Df fill materiil and ils competcticrn
sizein suclrcases'however'sharll not be
thesespecifimtipns.llhe maxirnumpart{cle
nrorethantwo-ll'rirtiol'thecom;ractedlayerthicknes:;'
arrd densitY
4.t1.6 Ordinarily,onlY thel mater I satis irrg the comPaction
{or consfuclioinof the
requirementsgi'len in Tatlles 3 and shall be ermployed
andthe subgrade.
ernbankment
Table3 Connpaction Requiirements E m b a n k n l e n t a n d l i u b g r a d e M a t e r i a l s
RelativerCompaclion as Per'cenlagrl o[ Max'
ql Iype ol WorldMaterial
Laboratotl' DrvDensilyasperlli 2720t,Parts 7 or 8)
t,lo.

andeadhenshouldets
Subgrade Notles:;than!ll P€:fc€ttt

nt
Embankme than95P€rcent
Notless;

ExpansiveClerYs
(Soilshaving index:xceeding
lteeswelling l
whentesled
50o/o asper lS 272Cparl40)
a)Subgrade Nctaliov"(d
b)Embankinart aflersuilable
(allorved Notlessthan95 Prert:enl
treatmerl)
 lRtl:36-12010

IiubgradeMaterials

Forllural Roads
Type'clrfirork
s/SHslMDRs
D'ry
Labotatorl'
DrY Maximurn
Laboratory
Tersted
!\then
htWhen Tesled UnitV'/eight
2720(ParlTl'
lS2720{Part311 as PerlS
kN/r;u'm
than1'4,4
not
upto3 m height, Notless 15.2kN/cu.m Nolless
Embankmenlsi
t ooding'
to extensive
subiecled -_---1_
kN/cu:m
3 m height NotIo c c fran16.0
2) Embankmentsexceeding
orembankmenlsolanYheight
to long ot inundalion
pedod

r::a[]
subiect l \^-
+-
shoulderrs/ Notlessfhan17.5
an'Jeadllen
Subgrade
1l
verges/bactd

N0TE:Table4isnotapptir:ab|e|orlighlweig|rl|il]nraterial,e.g'c|nder,pondasli/flyash'etc

OF THE EIMBANKIVIENT
FEATURES
5 STRIJ(}I'UI1AL

5 . J T h e s t r u c t u r a | f e a t u r e s a n d o t h e r c e t a i l s r ec'J-the
g a r dsoil
i n gsurvey
t h e c oresults'
nsl'ructionwork
cnargj on the basis
shallbe decidedby tlre llngineer-in cieficir:nt in sSearstrength
Wherer the embankntent is to be strpportediya soilstratum
'f the superirnposeo
failures|.nui,ou likely5ecause
and foundationor embarrkment designit a'd adoptn:ntedial
oithe embanknrent, it shallbe necessaito specie'tly
load
m e a s u r e s . H i g h e m t r a n k r n e n t s i n a l l s o i l s h " u i n g h eori gwhere
h t 0 v ethe
r 6 rstzrbility:of
nsha||bedesil;nedas
In case of ernbanl<ments'on sqftsoilconditions
per lft:C:75.
theernbankmentn€:ellSlmpro..iement'suitap|egroun<linrplovr:nterrttechniquesmay
be consideredand-'enlPloYed'

5 . 2 W h e r e - p o s s i b l e , t h e l e n t b a n k m e n t r n a y b e b u ito | i t c l s i c e . sinurrdated
lopesrangingfrom
to 2l-.1:1\/ in uninunderted condition"rnd frorr 2lH:1V 3l{:1\rin
1.5H:1V
conditions.Thesr:slopesarerecf,mmendedmain|yttcrrntheconsiderationoftraffic
s a f e t v ' t t i s d e s i r a b | i : t o c r l n s t r u c t w i d e r e m b a n k m e nfrrr
t a nbids
c J tgoing
h e n t rini nfor
r t hsuch
esametoar:hieve
fJovrever, where the copt of conslru<Jion
the requiredslppes. dependingupon the
the stopes and the slope ar{gle tn.y
liber*tsropes, !lo,.,t:1'1:'*O likecrasfrbarriers
of the soil along witlr provisiohs ror aoicuate.safe:ly
type ::a:lures giving
be detdrmined frcrrnslopestabiiityarnalysis'
eic.llhe side sloperequiredslnould
duerryeightage ti: s;ubsoilcharactertsttcs'
11
 IRC:36-lZ01tl

5.3 Vy'herevs'r
requireddue to constrainls sloflessteeper
crfspaceor otlter!!'ise,
thanthose:;uggestedin Clause5.2abovecanajsobe provided. In suchsituations;,
theslopest;houldbe mechanically
stabilized
anclotherrelatedsafetyrerluirements
shouldalso berattendedto.

6 SETTING
OUTCONSTRUC]"ION
LIMITS
i6.1 on newworks,
asa firststeptowards
slartol construction,
the,
alignment
of the roadlin:rlizedin thr:designofficeshallbe markedon the grr)uod. The marking
proceduresherllcorsist of settingout the centr,e-line
of the road with the helpof a
lheodoliteand lrctalstatircn surveyequipmentand establishirrg.centre.lin_epegs at
intervalsalongthe road.'Wherehorizontalcurves;breaktarrgentsections,pegsshall
be plantedat the beginningand the end poinl:;of tfre Durvesarrd at fhr:pointsof
intersectioncf the straightsconnectedby the cunres.
6.2 Centreliireand ReferencePegs : On tarngent sections,pointson transil
s;hallbe fixedat leasteveiry'10 m in plainterrain;and5 rn in rcllfngand hillyterrain.
:[he centre'lintlpegs in case of pointsof transilrnaypreferably
consistof concreter
hubs drivenfl.ushvriththe ground.These points;shall be referencedlly meansoi'
what are called'refr:rencepegs'fixednormalto lhe cr:ntre-line pe,gso rasto be in a
prositionsafefrorn interferenceby clearingor ofier earthworkoperation:;. Reference
pegs shall consist,ofangleironsembeddecjin corrcreteor perrnanenibenchmark
prillars
of desigriapprovedby the Engineer-rn-Ch;erge.
Fleference p(:gsshall be elstablished
on curvedser:tions
as wellvrherethesemay be
locatedat a distanceof 1C112 m awayfromthe aperxpoinlsof the curvesin extension
of the tangerrt
lines.
6.3 8:rtterPergs:After centre iine pegs ha're been established,birtterpegs
markingthe limitsof theembankment shallbe fixeclrtnboththe sides.
f]atterpegs ;trernreantas guidesfor the plantand rnachinery when com.mr:ncing
the
earthworks.lb ensui'etheirsafety,it will be desirableto fix the pegsabout0.5'mback
fromthe acluallimitcf theflland to paintthqmin;r distinctive colour.
6,4 sketr:hesexplainingthe settingout ,:[ ccnrrolpegs for embankment
aregiven in Fig. 1.
construction

7 PRELIMINARY
OPEIJFIATIONS
7.1 Pri'crto the commencement of earth'n/ork,
the siitesh;allbe clearedof
any obstructions,includingbuildings,fences,r-rtilitylines, abandoneddrainage
structures,arrdvege,tation such as trees,roots,undergrowth, gretss,rubbishetc.,
withinlimitssper:ified
by theEngineer-in-cnargea,ncf
rJelineatedby rneans;of clearing

12
 IRC:36-:2010

Fig. 1a ReferencePegsat Cunlra

A€FEI.ET3I! P€GA
t!{ lr coicru rE
,r--l*u
I
I
I
cl
ol
ry;
ol
oll
l
I
$'

or.l€lgaq__

L I
|

Fig.1b Fleference
/--
R€FEREII.;EPEC$
( flGtE nONNCCI\€RFftt

Pegsat Poiniliainsit

t_J
lFlC:36-2010

CLlAflflGtitAlG-z

,1ot-1
ginn pro J

t the Lirils ol Ernbankrnent

Fig-1r:BatterPegsfor Defining

stakes (see Fig.1). Exceptwhere it may be desiraL,le to relaintlre'vegetalionfor the

selkeof appearance,rshadeor other reasons,complerte clearanceshallbe :arriedout
within the const.ructionlimils. ln addition,il may bernecessilryto renlove s'ometree.s
and undergrorvtlr adjacent to the construction area for one or more of the lbllowing
reirsons:
a) Ticprovideadequatesightdistancefrrrsafe travel;

b) Trr improve lhe landscapeand affr:rd opportuni\r to vieratscenic

a1:traction;

c) Trr remove ciecayed or dead lrees vvhrchmight r:thr:rwisefall on the

higfrw;ry:

d) Td remove obstructionsto drainage;

e) To cermit aocess to and use of borrow pritsand r:ther source of

rn-aterials.
the construr:tionirnd use of
Al trees and shrrlbs vrhich ,arenot likely lo interfer,a'with
the highwaysl^ouldbe Preserved.

7 -17_ treesshouldbe preserved

Existirrg as lerras possiblean,Cindiscriminate
fellrngof lreesshouldnot be resortedto whileupgredin(/wiriening and imp,roving the
highway.Treeslor:atedonembankment slopeshave proved to be potenltial hazard
traffirc
'I-her,efore,
to vehrcles goiilg off tte carriagewayand hiltingagerinstthem. rvherever
the treesare eitheron the embankment slopeitse,lfor too closelct it, corrstituting
safety haz-ard, tlrese shall be replaced systemali,,:aliyby alterrrativeclantation.

I q
 lFtC:36-2010

of tl.re enrbankment, whichirrllre opirrionof t]heEnginlzer-

Theexis;ting trees by,t|re side
i n . C h a r g e , a r e s e r i o u s t h r e : r t t o s a f e t y s h o uwithirr
l d b e r e1o
mornv of
e r jthe
irnmcentre e | y of
e d r a tlin'e ,afteroblairring
or ,utnoritv oilrer trees
the appr:ovar "ornp"r"ni
extrernetrafficlanes|.rouldberemovedgradual|yafterplilntinga|ternativetrees.
value arnong^thet""l?'*1i:::'^1'::
7.3 Materialspossessingany salvage
andstumpssha|lbestackedasdirectedbytheEngineer-in.Charge.Therentatntng
materialsshall,inallcases,beclearedawaytowastea'(eas'atlc'catiotr:;awayfrom
I
the roariside'
I
h

I T . 4 C a r e s h a l | b r : t a k e n t r l s e e t h a t u n s u i t aget';ing
b l e w rnixed
a , s t ewith
m a tthe
r : r imilterials
alsareclispturadof
I there is rro likelihood of their
in such a manne|ihat
to be usedfc'rembankment or anyothercon:struction
propos;ed

T . S s t r i p p i n g a n c S t o r i n g o l T o p S o i | : I n 1 g g 3 | i directed
| i g 9 r ^ hby
e r the
e m oEngineer-tn-
stoftheernbankment
or whens;o
materiials are not conduciveto plantgrowth,
CharEr:,'thetopsoilsuitahr|eforp|antgrowthexistrngoverttheenrbankmen.lfounclalion
areasshallbestrippedandstoredforcoveringembilnkments|opes,{}uts|op,esor
other<Jisturbed areas'whr:fere-vegetation is desired

T . 6 C o m p a c t i n t ; C r r i g i n a l G r o u n d : l n a l l c a sas' e srr:asonabrly
' ' ' w h e r e cllos:sible'
o n d i t i by
onspermit'the
g.round shall kie levelerj and compactedas mlch
orrginial
r o | | i n g a n d w h e r e r o l | i r r g i l ; n o t f e a s t b l e , b y w a y o f o t hanci
e r r grubbiing
r | e a n S | i operations
ketamping.Arryempty
pockerts or depre:;sion, trn in lhesoilas ' 'esultof clearring
shalille filledand ccnrPacted'

T . T N o r r r e r | l y , t n e h e i g h t o f t i r e r o a d e m bglr.und
a n k n rre,rer
r : n twhichever
s h o u l d b is e sr"righer.
;o'decideldthat
of sungrade is,0.r3m tc,1.00m aboveHFLor
bott.m
However,'whendifl.erenr:ebe|weentopofsubgra d e ; a r d o r i g i . r a | gthan
round|eve|isless
and the nraximr.rm dry density of the originalgroundlevel is les;s
than 500 mm
4, the sameshallbe lcrosened r-rptoa depthof
o1'Tables 3 and
the requirement contentto achie.vethe
t 500 mm and re-conrpacted in tayersat optirnumnroist'urr:
r e q u i r e d d e n s i t y . l { t h e n e x t l 5 0 m m d e p t h o f t h e o r i g i r r a I gurrlil
r o r . the
l n d required
be|owthisexciavation
it shouldlle'contp'acted
I

haver tlre stipurlated compaction'

does not compaction
4 is obtained' |n caseof lrllls,Sl-lsantjMCrFls,
densityaSperT1b|es3 and arrdVillage
to ls 7'72A (PartB) be usedwhileibr other Dis;trict
valuescorrespopdinq
Roadscompactionva|uescorrespondingtols2T20(F,ar|7)beused

7.8 66,7lrn:;uitabrlernaterialsoccurringintheelrrrbetnkrrenlfounclations:;hallbe
materials'
and replacedby approved
rernrcved

15
IRC:36-2010

7.9 \Vhere an emlcankmentis to be placeclon steelpslopingground,the surface

or brokenup in suclha maRrrer
of the gtgundshallbe benchedin stepsor trenclred,
thatthe nelvmatedalswillbondwiththeexistingsurtac€).

7,10 t:nrbanllmentwork shall not proce€rtluntil the foundatiols have ber:n

by theEnginer:r-in-C
approved harge.

OF EMEIANKMEN'T
B CONSTRUCTION
8.1 Only approvedrnaterials shallbe ulilizedin the embankmr:nt. The work
rnaterials
shallbe so plarrnedand executedthatthebesl a,verili:ble are slavedfor ttre
top portiono1ithe emba;nkment, i.e.,subgrader.Where inevitableancl erarthhas [o
be borrowedfrom land r:loseto the embankment, followingprinciplesrergardingtfre
location,depthand drainageof borrowpitsshallbe ;rdoptedso thatthe ill effects,rf
borrowpitsare keptdownlo the minimum:

8.1.1 if suitabler,
E:arthavailablefrom roacicuttingsand excavations, shouldbe
usedin thefirst instance.

8.1.2 EJorrow pitsshouldbe rectangular wilh one side carallelto the

in strapre
centrelirrer>fthe r<lad.

8.1.3 fJo borrowpit:;shouldbe dugwithinfi rnof thertoe of the finalsr:ctionof the

roadernbankment.aftermakingdueallowance for futuredevelopment.
'l'hr:
8.1-4 clepthof borrowpitsshouidbe so regulated thatlhr:borrovrpitsdo nc,t
cut an imaginarylirreharringa slopeof 1\/ in 4l-1projercted
frorntl'reedgerof the finerl
sectionof the bank.asillustratedin Fig. 2.

It .
l--
I
|trrslrresscnor
mmlc
il-- urxorp.oqoI
r FUns€ |
ernrrsor l*-

{-\- 1- l)Cnn0whr

ToE0f ExlElio€o
s€cr6.l

Fig. 2 Locationof Bc,rrowPils

16
 IRC;:36-20iC

8 . 1 , 5 ; B o r r o w p i t s s h o u l c | n o t b e d u g c o n t i n u o u s | ' y . F l shor-rld i d g e sbe o f cut

nol.|essthanBm
at intenrals not exJeeding 300 r'n' lSmalldrains
width shouldbe left
throughthe ridg':s,if nercessary, to fbcilitatedrainage'
o t h e r c o n d i t i o n sp e r m i t .
8.1'6 T o p : e ' l e n tb r e e d i n go f m o s q u i t o e sl ,' v | r e r e
bftlcientdrainage'the beldlevel
borr,owpits should be well drained.To ensure
progressivelrl.towards.
of tire borrowSrit:; shcruld,as far as possible,sloped0wn
not be l.wet thiantherbedof the cross
the nearestcrossdrain,if any,and should
drai,r.
r:arthfrrlm tempr:rarilr'acquired
8.1,,'7 $Jher tt beccmesinecessaryto borrclw
1 m' The top soilto a
cultivable lands,the dr:pthof borrowprtsshouldnct exceed
as;ide"lhereafter' :;oilmal'be dug
depthof l50 mm shouldbe strippedand stacked
and u'serjin f'rrmingthe embankment'
out to a furtherdepthnot exceeding850 mm
backon thelancl'it is'mostimportant to adoptthis
The top soilshouldthenbe s;pread
l'arrd'
prar:ticewhen :;oilis borrowedfromrichcultivable

8 . 1 . 8 | n w : r t e r l o g g e d a r . = a s w h e r e t h e w a t e r t a t r l e i s n r : a r t h e s u r f e t in
ce,thelowerin
land ,3ven by 300 mm which will result frcrm the practicesuggested
of ilre levelof ttre take
nra,y rnakeCull.ivation impossible. In suc'hcases,borrowpitss;hould
clause8.1..6, where
therform of clegpnarrowcorntinuous ditches(ionnr:ctedrvithrraturaldrainage
ln all suchcases'spercial anti-
possible) so as,to conserveas muchlandas possrlcle'
haibit:ations' in cons;ultatiorr withthe
malariameasLresrnay haveto be adoptednear
PublicHealthltuthortles.
lfunavoidable'
8.1.9 pitsshoulcnotbedugwithin800ntc'ftr:wnsorvillages'
Borr'oru
shoulcbe properlydrained-
. thr:yshouldnc,texceed300 mm in depthand

8"2 CaPillaryCut-olT

A t t o c a t i o n s r , r u h e r e t f r e w a t e r t a b l e i s h i g h a n d t h r a s o i i h a s pinnpervious
otenl'ialforrapidand
migration of moisture by capillarily' a granularlayer'
retatively great
at :r suitable
membratre. ol' brarrier of anotherapprovedmediunrshall be inserted
increaserl'if found
le,l,el by way of ztcut-,cff, or the heightof the embarfrments;uitabty
The
is not ablelto rise lo the subgradr:level'
more economical,so that the moisture
acrosi$ thefullwidthof the ernbrankment'
capillarycut-of{,when provided,shallextend referto
capillarycuf'ofls'and theirplrovision'
Fr:rdetailsaboutthe suitalcletypesof
foi Roadccnstruction irrwaterlogged Areas"and relevant
IRC:34"Recommendations
cl:rusein Sec:ion30Clof MCRTI-I Specifications

^'7
t t
llitl):36-2010
g.2.1 cut-offmaybe a layero{ crrarse orline sand'gradedgravel'
The capillary \Mrenever
arr:giveninTab|e5.
situatirrns
fordifferent
Layerthicknessesrecommelnded
shallnot be provirJedat the edgestlultshould
sandis used zrscut-offlayer,the layer
gradedgranularnlaterierlWithor witSoutnorl-woven
be replaied with suitablefilterof
geo-textilematerialfor preventing losso{ fines'

Thicknessof Lalrerfor CapillaryCut-off

Tabler5Recommended

of t-ayer(rnmr)
Thickness
tiiirimum
Silualion

Finesand gravel
Graderd
sa,nd
Coarse

150 350 150

0.6- 1.0m above
Subgr;rde HFL(Pl> 5)

100 300 100

0.6'1.0m aboveHFL, the
Subgrader
scrilbeingsandyin nalure(Pl<5;
subgre.de
nct lessthan50percent)
sandcontent

other
B.:2.2 cut-off wilh bituminised(suitablyrnixeclwith anti strippingagert)or
materialsma1'be pr5rvided in anyof the followingr^'ays:

i) usingprirnerrt're:atrnertt
tlituminousimpregnation
E}ituminousemulsionapp|iedattheraleof6;-15kgpelr10s;qm.
i') t{eavY-dutYtadelt:
t.nvelopingsidesandbottomofthebedrarithheavydutytarfelt.
soil:
stabilized
iii) Uituminous
Provirjingbiluminousstabilizedsoilirnatl.ricknessofat|east40mm.
iv) Geo-comPositelaYer:
/\ppropriat€rgeo-compositelayers are recornmendedas capillary
cut-otf'
soillaYer:
v) Otherstabiliized
StabiIizeds;oi|ofadequatethickness'maybeprovlded.

B . 2 . 3 F o r r n c i r e d e t a i l s a b o u t m'RecJmmenclations
i t i g a t i n g t h e . a c l v e r s e e fConstruction
f e c t s o f h i g in
hwatertab|e,
for Roatj
rr:rference may be made to IRC:34
Waterlogged Areas".

1B
 IRC:36-2010

8.3 P l a c i n gS o i l i n L a ' 1 e r s
lcelccrnstructedin uniftrrtn
To obtainiadequaJe ccnrpaction,the embankmentshall
shallnot be placr:duntilthe layer under
layers.sur:cqssivelayersof embankment laicldown in
has oeen,1lo16g'3hl! compacted to satisfythe rr:quirements
consiruction
Tables3 :rnd 4-
in layers not exceedirrg
g.3.1 The embankmentmaterialshall be depositecl
Providedfurther,when rasheepfoot rolleris u:;ed'
250 mm in compact.,ltniarnu.s'
exceedthelength0f the tarnpingfeet by more
thethickneSsof the lo,rselaytlrshallnot
than50 rnm.
B ' s . 2 U n l e s s o t h e n a r i s e r j i r e c t e d , t h e s o i | s h a | | b e s p r e e t d u r r i f omois;ture
rm|yovertheentire
of thicknes:;'rf the iayerand
widthof t,heembanktnent'Jhg lsrquirements
contentaslaiddownsha||besatisfiedbeforethero||ingisltarted.

8'3.3Themoisttrrelcontentofthesoi|tobeexcavatedfcrusein"T:.'.ni"jtsha|l
firstbecheckedandt|.reproceduretobringthemoisture0|f,n|'enl'rllithinpermissib|e
limitsdec;ided.
t)'cnlent, necessaryarnount
8.3.4 lf the soil herslessthan the requiredmoisture
pitsb€lfo|er:xcavatiott is;made,or
' of watersha|lbe adrjedto i|, either]n the borrow
looselyon theembankment' Aciditionof waler may-be
afterthesoilhas beonspreiad
irrigatingt|relborrotau areas,and in the
madeirr the formerca'selhroughrfloodingor truetter
iru", .",,", throughsprrinkling wettereitherdirectlyfrom a nose line or from a
browser.
il'shiallbe driedby aeral'ion
8.3.5 lf the soitas deliveredto roadbed is too wet,
a n d e x p o s u r e t o t h e s u r n . t i l l t h e m o i s t u r e c o n t e n t i s a c c e p t a * l l e f o r c ocanrnot
mpaction.Shcruld
of certainsoils
circumstances arise,sucharswet weather,themoisturecrontent
of
be redur:edto the apprroprirate arnountby aerationalone'work on the cornpaction
thesesoilsshallbe susPended'
(mak:irrg due alIowancefcrr lhe
8.3.6 After adlu:;tingthe rnoisture-content
e v a p o r : l t i o n l o s s e s ) , t h e s o i | s h a | | b e p r o c e s s e d b y n t ' - . a n s o fClod:s
g r a d or
ers;,barrows'
suitable equipment untilthe layaris r'inifornrly wet'
rotary rnixers or other
when being
hardlurnpsof eartlr'r;hall be brrrkento havemaximuntrsizeof 75 ntm
placed in the
placedin the embarnknrent, and maximumsizeof 50 ntnrwlrenbeing
soil
top 500 mm of thererrnbairkment. However,if there-isto b'eno processingof
equiprnent, the clodsof earthsha||be brokento less
with thelhelp of mechzinic;a|
pitsitselfbeforebeing,:arriedlcrthe site oi
than 5tlrmm srzeat1hesite of borrow
embanl<ment.
19
!F .C :3 6 -2 0 1 0
8.3.7 []/lc,isturecontent at the time of cotnpaction
r:ompactionsherllbe between
The moistur.econtr:nt of each layer of soil at th€rtirne of
content'
1 percent 3[6rV€ t0 2 percent below the optimurnmoisture

8.3.8 tlolling equiPment

'loffiPacted by means of suitatrle

The soil spread in layers shall be thorough'l1'
A general guide to tlre
cornpacting p,lant to densilies specified in 13[rler$3 arrd 4'
selectionof c,ompactiorrequipmentfor differenttypresof soil is providedin Table6'

of ColnpactionEquipmentfor
Tabter6 Gr:neralGuideto the.selection
DifferentTYPesof lloil

Sl.No Typeof malerial I rf c

SuitabititY
I equiPment fo
I gpesol

1l rollet
Rocklill (exr:eplscrftmaterial) [ Vibratory

conl:rete, rollel'
andI Vibratory
trrick(burnt Pneumallic-fyredrolletto
2) Brr:k€:n
slrale,
crllliery
un,burrnt), llyash SmoolhrvheeleJ be usedlor fly ashonlY
I
elrr. I Pneumatic-tYted

3) - Grained
Cc6r:;e :;r:ils roller,
I Vibralory
I Pneumatic-tyred
I Smoothvrheeled

Firre- Grained lootroller S;heep alemc'sl

foolrollers
4) soils I Sheep
Smooth wheeled totclayeysoil.
suitable
I
I Pneurnatic-lyred
rollet,
I Vibratory
vibrorammer,
I
. I Power ramme,',
I Platecompactor

Formorecletails
NOTE: proccdures
0l compactlon andequipmenl, maybe madeto : HllB - Special
telererce Reporl
No.3 "Statc{f-lhe'M: ol
Ccmpaction and
Earthwork Sub'gradei'

8,3.9 Density'of Compaction: ol' compactedsoil sirallbe as per

The densiri)r
Tables3 ancl4.

8.3.10 Eacfrcrlrnpar:ted layershallbe testr:'lirrthe fieldfor oensityrequirements

and acceptancecriterizr in Clause221
stipulated belon: the oPerrations for the next
layerare tetkenin hand.

1U
 .lRC:li6'2010

S E D I M E N T , \ T I CO
O I NNTROL
9 SOILE R C } S I OANN D

9.1 DescriPtion

Thisr,vorkshallconsistoflneasuregasshownorl.plar|s.cfsSdirectedbythe
dervices'
slope'drains ancl other
Engirreer-to-charger:ontrolsoilerosion,sedimentationar|dvlaterpol|ution'throut]huseof
OJ.r mats,mufnes, grasses,
berm$,Sediment,r"ri"r,

g.2 Materjals

Allrrraterialssha|lmeetcorr'tnercialgradestandardsandshallbeapproveldbythe
Engineer-in.cnargebefc,rebeingusedinthework.

9.3 Constrttction OPerations

Whereerosionorsedimenl.iltionislike i y t o b e a pttrat
p",ro,'r:d r o b l3rading a r i n g a n d .and
| e m , c | eoperat.tons grubbing
be so scheduled uno
shotr|d thereafter
operations t'iij:,]:t immerJlatetv
permanent erosronc,rs,:dimen,.r::i::;;tLltu'ut
i{theprojectcottottionsperrrrit;otherwisetemporaryerosic)norsedimentatiorrcontrol
m e a s u r e s a s p e r t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s b e t a k e n br:r'cdib[:
e t w e e relarth
r S U cmaterial e cexposed
c e s s i vbe onstructi.rnstages.
shall a turgu ,r;"" eareaof
u nderno circunrslances
a t c l n e t i m e b y c | e i a r i n g a n d l 3 r u b b i n g c r e x cwork
a v aoutsirle
t i o n , - [ the p r o r a t y e r owhere
e m ri'3h.t-of'wety siorr,sedimentatio
ccrntrol i"il alsc, include roads and
.anclpollution "onrur.tion
of ,ouo .on,t,lc;tion.suchas
service
aS a resutt
such work is n.acessary
equriPment storage sites'

g . 4 R e p a i r i n g o f d a r n a g e s c a u s e d b y r a i n / sdirected p i l l a g by
i l othe
f w aEngineer-in-
ter:Thesl:ilinthe
sir-arr ne |.*mou"d in-rr"n'areas' as
affectedportion ctlnrpactedt-rsingappropriate
before n"*113r'rer is laidand refilledirrlayer:;and or pov/errammer
Charge roller,p'1:
*,rrnu .i,"n smallvibratory :otpactor the cut is not
rnr:chanical ",,
dernsity in *ltn Tab[e:s3 and 4' lf
to achievethe required "."orJrn."
-[est:;
s u l l f i c i e n t l y w i d e f o n u s ; e . o f n e q u i r e dproper
, . n " . n<;r:mpaction p a carried
c . : mbe
" n i . " t m e e ' n s f o rsha]l ction,thesiamesha
ro perrnit their use {or of
be widened suitabry the densily requLir*ments
Engineer-in i*rn"'to ascnrtairr
out as directedby,the irrcluding wiclerning of thecut' if
worKof *p"i;;; ;" co*"g,,.
thr:repaired"rur. T1..,. arranging o{
Contraitorat his otvncosl'includingthe
anry,shall'be<;arried outbl'the
nrachinery/eq uipnrentfor i'hepurpose'
. t
ON /\ FLOO]DBANK
A.ND MAINTENANCEOF ROAD
XO C O N S T R U C T I O N for
along; ia river
(Levee) ts an ariificialbank built of
111.1 ft,irrerembankrnent by floocl' Construction
land from inundaiiorr
protectin.gadiacenl
,r," Ourpote of
21
 IRC:36-201(l

embankment to control flood is an age old praclir:earndis still treing prar;ticeddue

to its proverrsuitability. canbr)takenup on the topof suchriver
Floadconstruction
embankments by sr.ritablyr
designing io haveadequate
suchsiructur,3s rightofwayon
the top of the emb;inkments. Basicallythese embanktnents,in addition to providing
$paceforroadconstruction, actasfloodprotecticn
structures,soit shbuldbeensured
thatphreatic
line is withrin
theembankment. "Guidelines
ForrletailsreferlRCl:89 for
of Rivr:rTrzrining
Construclion WorksforRoa.d
& Control [3ridges".

1t0.2 R velrembankiments needto be designecl takingintocrrnsideration flood

record.s for il;reriod of 2:5yearsin predominatel,yagriculturalareasand'50 years
frequency for lvorks pert.ilining
to protection important
of tovrrns, lndustrial andother
'v,italinstallal:ions.
l-hese embankmentscan be clesiglned as eitl'rerhc,mogeneous
embankments(comprisiingof practicallyunif,crmtype matr:rialv'tith coarser
rnaterial beingplacedat the slopesawayfromriverside)and :lonedernbankments
(comprising of a ccre of imperviousmaterial).At;ide slopeof 1'V'.2H or'lV:3H can
hreadopted,providedadr:quatefactorof safelyir;obt;rinedwhen checkecl for slope
stabilityanalysis.The riv'erside of the embanknrents shouldbe proter:ted against
erosionby proviciirg ript-.raplrevet toe wall, ertcto act as energy
mattress/gatiicin
arbsorbing aimour. Geo-textilesconformingtc llilC:SP:59can be pro'vicled beloW
tihe rip-rap/r,:vetrnattres;sto preventerosionof fill materials.For rnore details
'11'532 can
regardingplilnnin$and clesignof riverembankrrt'enis, l{i 12094iandl{i
brereferred1o.Corstruc:lion methodology and quralitycrrntrolol'conslruction work
lirr rivereml>ankments need to be carriedout in a rnannersirnilarto cltherroad
r:mbankmenrs,

10.3 Borrow ltits on the RiverSide

as far as possiblefrornthe river

A,llearthfor the emcanknrentshouldbe borrowt-',J,
side.The inrreredge of any borrpwpit shouldn':t be less than 15 m lrom lhe toe
dependinguponthe nragnil.ude
of the bank, the distancer and the duralionof the
floodto be withslood.The borrowpitsshouldccrrrplyalsowiththe requir,ements of
Cl a u s eB .1. 3

10.4 Bc,rrowF its on the Rearor LandSidt:

Ordinarilyno borrowpitss;frould VVI'rere

bedugon thelancl:;ide. thiscannotbe avoided,
the I>orrowpit erndthe toe of the
a berrnat lezist25 rn wick:shouldbe lefl betweern
On,slocinggrounds,borrowpitsshouldbe 'Ju!lon the higherside,as far as
br,anL.
rrrrssible.

22
 ' IRC:35-2Cr10

havea coverol'0'J'5rn to 1'25m overthe

The toe cf thebankc>nthe rr:arsirieshould
fromthe high flooclle'velon the riverside'
saturationlinedrawnat a slrrpeol'1Vin 6H
the magnitude and durationr:fthe f|ood
Fig' 3. T|redepthof th,acoverwi|Idependon
t o b e w i g r s t o o d . w h t : r e n e c e s s a r y ; r e a r b e r m s m a y b e P r ' 3 vini d6|-l
e dwould
t i o g i vbe
etheminimum
|i.ne, a:i Shown in Fig.3. The s;|ope. o| 1V
cover over lhe satur'ation
shcruld
foundsuitablein most cases.ln s;pecial cases,the slope of th'asaturationline
be deterrnined with tef'erenr:e to the natureof thesoil'

-->

v--*---*__
lleu Blsa
VYIIIN@F{)'

0.t5 m to t-Zin

RECoM|'|ENDE|]PRA{}TICEFoRBoRRowP|TSFc'RIIoADEMBANKMENTS

as Flcod Bank
of Embankment
Fig' 3 C;onstruction

RES
AROUNDSI'FTLICTU
NKIiIENTS
11 EIVIBA
andotherstruciiures embankment
in tl-re
11.1 Thefillingaroundanoloverculverts
area s;hallbe carrierdout independently of the lvorl<on thermairrembankrnent'
sfrallbr: brcughtup simullaneously in equal layerson ear:hside
if,u .nnU"nkment
and unequalpressure.F:illing behind
of the structureso :ls to avoi,ldisplacement
abutmentsafldwingvla||sfoririIstructuressha||confcrrmtothegenera|guiderlines
"fitandardSpecifications
',;nppendixri of IRC::78 arrdC'ocieof Practicefor lRoad
;;;
in rt:spectof the typtlof the
lnd Bridges,Section\/ll Foundation an.j Substructure"
the dxtertof backfill'its layingandcompaction etc'
matertial,
in ayt:r:snot exceeding150mm
sha||be deposited
The soiIirrsucl.tcas:es
11'2
ant1compaicted 1o15s1e'quirements
thoroughly of Tablesr3;and
in loos;ethiclcness
Whereit may be imprracticable to
4 and the satisfac:tionof the tingineer-in-Charge.
the comlcalclions;ha||be carriecl bV
c,ut
use p(}werrollerso|. Othelrheavye:quipment,
mechanical tamperrs.or bVothr:rapproved methods'

IJ
 lllC:36-2010

12 vylDE:Nf
hlc OF EX|ST|NG
TEMBANKMENTS
12'1 ' Wren an exisling€)mbankment is to bervi,idened,
and rtssloperserresteeper
than 1V:4H,lrorizontalbenchesof upto0.3 m wiljtlrshallbe cut into
the old slopefor
ensuringaderluatebondrt'iththefreshembankmerrt materialtobr:added.Thematerial
oictainedfrontcutting of benr;hescciuldbe utilizr:clin wideningof the emibankment.
l-lowever,whr:nthe existrrtgslopeagainstwhichthe freshmaterialis to be placed
i:;
flatterthan 1\/:zlH,only tlre sloping.su{acemay breploughedor scarifierd
insteadof
resortingto br:nclring
.

1i1.2 Thit iayers of the witjenedembanknrbnfshall be compaCigdlo

the:
rerquirements of Tables 3 and 4. In cAseswherblhe vridthof the vridenr:dportion
is;
insufficienl
to permitthe u,seoJusualwiderroilers,cr:rnpaclion may tle carrierd outwi'^r
threhelp of light vibratoryroller, vibratoiyplatecompar:tor,vibratonytamperor othe'
aptproved meilns-End dumpingof earthfrom trucksfoi wideningoperations
shall
nr:tbe alloweclexcept in di:fficrrlt
circumistanc€sw1€lnthe erxtra\ri,idth
is l9o narrowtc,
permitthe mo,yernenl of any olhertypeOfhauling€r(lurF,ment.

13 E.ARIHWORT(
ovEREXrsrt{GFIoADstJRFAcE
13'1 Whrrrr-5the embankrnent is to be placecloveraDexrstingroad:surface,
the
wcrkshallbe r:i,:riedout as;inrlicatedUftow:
a) lf the existirrgrr>adsurf{ce is of granularlype and lies writhin
1 m ol
the new Sub-grcrde level.]The existir,g
granularbasel/sub_bas;e, as the
case rnay be, sltallbe slarifiedto erclerpth
of 50 rnrrror as dii:ecledso
as;to provideantplebon{ betweenthe cld and ne,rurnaterial
ensuring
that at least 50Clmm poflionbelowtlrr:lop of new rslrb-glrdre levelis
cc,mpa,rted trrth: requir{ densityas perTabres3 and4.
b) lf the existinl3rcad s'urfapeis of bitcrrninous
type ancJlies wirhin1 m
cf the new s;ub-grade r{vei, the bilunrinousrayei shal br: remoyed
r:ornpletely,so es to av$iopiesencr:cf inrpermeiiLrle layr:rbeneath
the new thin earhenlayerand alsopnrvideamplebond betvreen
the

;15:,,::::,""',,ff
::':il."il',TJ:J:?.:i;i,T":$':iiff
:,*'#i:
c) lf tlte existinEro:tdsurfa{eis of cenrentconr:retet'ype
'l rn of tfreneru,r and lierswithin
sub-grade level,thesarneshailbe rernovedcornpletely.
d) lIthe leveldilTerence betweenthe ex:istirrgroadsurfaceand the new
f'lrrn:rtionleverlis morethan1 m, the existingsurfaces;l-rallbe
pr:rmitted
to stayirrpla,ce withoutany,modificali,rn.

24
 l[lC:3€i-2010

U N D ' I ] RS U B M E R G E D
x 4 E M B A h J I " ( M E NC
TONSTRUCTION
CONDITION
placedunder water, only accerplable
14.1 where fillingor backfillirgis to b9
apprroved by the Engineerr-in-
granularmateriato, ,u"k shallbe us':dunlesslotherwise
as penTabler1 and
charge Acceptabler granularmateri:lshallbq of GW,s'/v, GP' SP
witgmaximulnparticlesize not exceeding
consistof graded,rr]rd durabtepalicles
coefiijcientof not
75 mnr. The materri;al should be non-plastichaving uniformity
v'iatershall tre dep'rsitedby end tiprping
tessthan 10. The materialplac;edin open
withoutcomPactiorl'
provisionsof IRC:34'
rruith,tire
14.2 Coarseserndblanketla1'sfin accordance
in wali:rloggr:dand rnarshyareas'
shallbe providedfr:rconstructi.nof embankment

15.C.c|NSTRUCT|ONoFEARTHEI\{Sl.{|fULDERS
l 5 . l . W h e r e e l a r l h s h b u l d r : r s a r e s p e c i f i e d , t h e s e s h : r l l b e : c o n s t r u c tand
tldofthe:same
I as specifir>d for the sutrgrade i.e. top500mm prcrtionof the emlcankmerrt
materia
c o m p a c t e d i o t h e s a r n e d e n s i t y r e g u i , - e m e n t a s s e t f o r . t h i n T a b l eofs3and4''ConstntctiQn
be so orgarrized as to keep pacernrith thr: constructicln diflferent
of shoulders should
layersof the Pavetnent'

l6FLYASHE:MI}ANKMENTcoNSTFIUcT|oN
1 6 ' l F o r t h e p U r p o s ; e o { e m b a n k m e n t c o n s t r u c t i o r e , t | r e r p o n d a sfor h,bo|iomash
Fl1'asl' beinga veryfinenrirterial is not rercommended
or moundash can beluse,d. "flyasn'is commonly
embankment cons;tructiorl. l-lovuevr:r, it rnaybenotedthartthe term
of coalash. For the purpr:seof this code'
usedzrsa generic:termto den,cteanytype
denoterF'oncl Ash/Bottom Ash/Mc'und /\sh' whichetreto btl used
the telm flyashyy6;glid
for errrbankment t;ornstrur:tion
f c r r U s e o f f : | v a s hi n R o a d
F o r . | y a s h e r n b ; r n k m e nltI.j C : S P : 5 B , G u i d e I i n e s
to' Fly'3"5-forRoad
Embankments". includinl3anrendmentsshouldbe referrr:d
power planl can be
embankme;rts, whelreve;' it is;availablefrom a nearbytl'rermal
in accordance uriththe lines'grarJesand cross
usedwith an aprrcpriakrsoii cover'
s e c t i o n s a S a p p r o v e c l b . y t h e E n l ; i n e e r - i n - c h a r g e a n c s h o w n oshall
n t h ebe
drawings.The
informatib,n on the flyash lo be usedin embankntentconstruction
following
f<lrthe appro'ra| of Engineer in-charge:
madr:availab|e
a)Pirrtic|esizeana|ysisofthemateria|(vveltsieveana|ysis)
b)MaxintumDry,DensityandOptinrr.rnr.MoistureContentelsper
'1s2720(Partt})whichshaltformthetr;rsisfr:rcomperctirrn.

25
IRC:36-2011
The soil to b,eused as soil coverto the flyasiliembankmenlshallsatisfyall the:
requirernenl irj I ables 3 and 4.
as spercifiecf

15.2 Thelside soil cove( of required shallbe provided,alcngwith thet

widl'h:
flyashcore bld mechanicallycompactedas the r:mbankment progress;es;upwards.
The additiorr,cf side cover ,subsequenl to the of
r:onstrrlction the core
flyar;h shall
be spreadby ntechanical
shallpreferabrly
l'he fi I marterial
not be perntittecl. means,
finishedby ihe motorgraderso as to achieve slopeernd
therspe<:ified gracle'

1g.3 The rnoislurecontentof the fill rnaterialshall be checkedat the site of

placemenf 6rriorto thecommencement of compaction. Ncrmally,lhemoistilreconteni
-2
shallbe within+1 percentto percentof theOptirnurrt
of flyashlair1for compaction
MoistureC6nlentvrhencJete,rmined as per lS 2'72A(Parl2). Moisturecorrtent of the:
at itsOptimurtMoisture
coversoilsltaI alsobe rrrainlained Cont<"'nt.'

16.4 Flysshshatltle compacted usingstalic,pnt:un-,atic rollers,as'

or vibratc'ry
directedby'the Engineer-in-Charge" of lhe equipment,
Regardless; flyashmust be'
compacteclas earl,yas possiblea{tersoreading. "[he r:ompaction of flyiashcore anc
earthcover on the sidessh;allproceedsimultarreousl'/. Each contpactedlayershall
to the finalcross-section
be finishedpzrrallel o1'theembankmentThe end produc'-
for fhe construction
specificatiorts of flyasherrbankments shallbe as undec

Minimumdry density after compaciionas percentarge of ntaximumdry density'

part)shallbr:95
(relevant
as per tS 272:.0
determined percent.

Subsequenl tayersshallbe prlaced layerhasbeentirstedfor its

onlyafterthelinisheld
densityrequirements.

16.5 atleast500 rnm ttrickearth as

Crnthe top ol'threflyashembankmr:nit,
sirallbe Prrovicled. .
subgrade

OPE:lilATl'ONS
17 FINISHING .
17.1 shallbe finishedin confonniiy
The embanknrent levels,
with the alignment,
cross-sections and dimerrsions.shown on the plarrs.Wrere the alirlnmentof the road
shall be forrneclwith the super elevationand the
is curved,the top of the ermbernkment
ncreasedwidths shown on lhe drawingsor as ttte Engineer-in-Ch;arge rnarydirect.

1T.Z Finishingoperationsshall includethe work of shapirrgand dressingthe

ruaJbedandihesideslopesto confonn
shouldei-s, shown
to thetypicalcross-section
offto
tlreutrperandlowerendsof thesicleslopesshallbe rournded
rontheplans.Etoth
rnprove?ppettftificeanclto rnerge the embankm'3nt\vi:ihthe adjacent terrr;ain'

26
 lflC:3€;-21010'

lT.3WherethetopsoiIhasbelenrernovedandconsenred(Ctause7.5),itshall
b e s p r e l a d o v e r t h e f i | | s l o p e s t c l f a r : i l i t a t e t h e g rtop
o ws'cil
t h oinl .order
v e g etot aachieve
tion'S|opesmaybe
sliglltlypriorto tne application of tlre
roughened andwetl.e<l
I'li mm lo 150 mrn' After:the
satisfactory bond,lherusualthicknessbeingbetween
t o p s o i l h a s b e e n s p . : e a d , g r a s . : j o r s m a l | s h r us;lcrpes
bssha l | b e perosiorr
against l a n t e dand
onthes|opesas
instructred by the Errgineer..in-chiarge in orderto protectllte
for aeslheticPurposes'

1 7 . 4 \ A f t r e n t r r e e a r t h w o r k o p , g r a t i o n s h a v e b e e r r s u bnear
s , t a n t icantping
atlycornp|etr:d'trre
area shall be cleared c,fallthe debrisandugtyscars€rxisting the
roadway appearqnce'
obviateobiegtirl-nable
areas,etc"Everyeffcutshallbertnalleto
1B DRAINAGE

ls.lThemirin,objectivr:ofdrainageistopreventearlydamageofthe
e m b a n k m e n V s u b g l r a d e o | t h e ! r ? V € : I T 1 € o t d u e t o e n l r y oadequate
l . e x c e s sdrainage
waterandpreventing
1 m belorv the top of the subrl;rade' An
saturation upto a depth of
functionalrrdeqrtar:y of the embarrkmentl
;;;;r;ir maintainingl the s;truc;turaland
embankmentlsubgrade at all times during
subgrzideof the nrad.The surfaceof the
constructionsha|lbernaintainedatsuchacrossfall(n.ctfla|lerthanthatrequiredfor
effectjvedrainageo.ianearthensurface)aswi|lshedw:rteran{lpreventponc|ing.
roadsO:'l:1.^t:oo'"n
18.2 Particularattentionshall be paid to drainage'for
ground,bythepr<lvision,cfsidedr;ainsdesignedtocairl'themirximum flowever|ikely
of them Drainagye of highetntankmentrsillsQrneritscloseattertionand
to be required
sl.ra|lbe.tak'enas recommendelc|.by tlredesigner'When a high
appropriate meas,Ures
againsterosion
embilnkment is marjeup of slandysoil,oneof the pos;:;ible.rneasures
istohaveablan|:etcovelrofcohesivesoiIovertheserndyc()r€|
as under:
18.3 The drainagework:;may be broadlyclassifierd
a) Drainageof surfacewater'
b) Drainage of strb-suriace water'
Forguiderncs codesshallbe rcferrt:dto:
i'3llsrvin$
' i) I R C : S P : 4 2 : " G u i d e loi nneRso a dD r a i n a S ; e " '
ii) IRC:SP:50 "Guidelines on Urban[]rrainager"'
,
19 ALLOVIANCE FOR SEI-T'LENNENT
forembiarrkrrlent
settlement as described
r:ompacterd
1g.1 forsubsequent
TOall<lw
hen:in,thefinisherllevelofl,hercadshouldbeselfriethr:rlhanthespecifiedlevetby

27
 IRC:36-201C)

1 lo 2 percentrf tilerheigrlrt
oithe bank.Thjsruleshould,,.rowever,
highapproa<;hr:s not br: zrpplied
for
tcj structureswherestrictercontrol
cruringcompactionwill'usually
ensurethe sr:tilemenr of the bankro be minimar.
' Fury,rb;";;;;;l;;J;rent
loundations durl to the ccl,npression of
of sub-soitsrr:rtar;houldbe over anr,
provisionreferrn:dto here. above lhe

1t3'2 ln of high ernbankrnenls,

",se water loggr:dareas or near structures,
magneticsettlernent gauc{1,pi6zometer, inclinomelr:i!,,"
n.,ry
'-' vv
be vosu
usedds.u'ra
as detailedin
lliic:75"Guidr:rirres
for therDes;ign
of HighEmbantrrnenrr,,

201 prenrnary
procedure i::,::::1'J:::i:::::::"
to be adopted
,n.;".; €ccn.m
ca
to Obtaintirespeciner, o"nr". of compaction and
necessdry l\s a resultof thesuggerst,eclinvestigations, the
field,:ontrols.
foundthat it is sufficient it is generaily
to e,nsurethatthe miri i.io'in l"yerc 'f the specified
thi'ckns55'
with the speciliedmoisture, and is 'riirl rhe nurnberof passes
of the.cornpac{ion ",ri=,r
equipmr:ntwhichare foundto;prodr.rce
the sper:ifieddegreeof
compaction_

20'2 Aterstareaabor-rl;20 m longand5 m wir]eris preparedafte,rrenrorring

top soil-The fiil,n,rateria!to the
be used is spreadover uris;rr";, il;;;;;;u'to."
materidlbeing 2ti0 mm, lhe moisturecontent
of the soil shouldbe from 1 percent
abrove ro 2 perc;entberowil'reop,timum moisture the soil.
"onte,rrtl.,
20.:l rhe test ray'eris then compactedwith
the compactionprant,urhichhas
beendecidedkr breused and thr3rresD
dry densityt,r the.fulldepthdetermineld
4' (3i.and.
8 passesof a smoothwheel roller/vibrabqr after
roller/vibratorytandenr rolert
pneumatictyreroileror a suitabrr: nurnberof passesi:rothr.,r."ro;.i,'"";;;;,;";, *
user,.In caseof sheepfodtrc,ltelthesemeasrrerent=
n;;; ;" made after4,8 and 10
passes'The dry densityshouldt,u oulr*ined
by thi-..sand re;pfacernent meth'd and
the meanof fived'eterminatirlns s;houldbe oblainedkrr eachsoil cortdition. lihr:ls,the
numberof passesof the compactionequipment
,.qr;r;;;; obtaintherspecifieddry
dens;ityis deterntinred.

2o'4' Normilll'1,conirol Qn oompactionin the fierldshall be

exercisedthrough
freqlent moisturer:ontentarrrjdernsity determinations.
A s;yslematic recordof these
determinationssharllbe maintained. The controlof ,sompactron throughcheckson
compactingeffortalone ii'e' trv thtl number passes
of oi' compiiclingequipment,lshall
nol b'eacceptedils a substitut,gfor the controlof comp;rcrion
by moisturecontentand
densitydeterminations.

28