TEACHERS EDUCATION PROGRAM

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (SCI AC5)

MODULE 2
Lesson No. 3

I. TITLE:
CHEMICAL BONDS AND ITS TYPES
II. EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES:
 Differentiate the types of chemical bonds
 Attribute the different properties and uses of chemical bonds
III. INTRODUCTION:
Chemical Bond
A force that holds two or more atoms of same or different elements together called chemical
bond.

Types of Chemical Bond

 Ionic bond
 Covalent bond
 Coordinate covalent bond
 Metallic bond

IV. SUBJECT CONTENT:

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

Forms of Chemical Bonds

• There are 2 extreme forms of connecting or bonding atoms:
• Ionic—complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another
• Covalent—electrons shared between atoms

***Most bonds are somewhere in between.

Ionic compounds / IONIC BONDS

 A bond formed by the transfer of valence electron of metal atom to the outer most shell of
non-metals atom.
Key: Metal + Nonmetal

- Essentially complete electron transfer from an element of low IE (metal) to an element of high
electron affinity (EA) (nonmetal)

Na(s) + 1/2 Cl2(g)  Na+ + Cl-  NaCl (s)

- primarily between metals (Grps 1A, 2A and transition metals) and nonmetals (esp O and
halogens)
- NON-DIRECTIONAL bonding
via Coulomb (charge) interaction

Covalent Bonding

 A bond formed by the mutual sharing of valence electron between the atoms.
Key: Nonmetal + Nonmetal

Covalent bond is the sharing of the VALENCE ELECTRONS of each atom in a bond.

Recall: Electrons are divided between core and valence electrons.

ATOM core valence

Na 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 [Ne] 3s1

Valence Electrons
- Number of valence electrons is equal to the Group number.

Non Polar Covalent Bond

 A bond formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between atoms of same element.

Polar Covalent Bond

 A bond formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms of different
elements.
 Coordinate Covalent Bond
 A bond formed by the sharing of electrons but shared pair donated by one of the atoms
called donor while other that accept called acceptor.

Metallic Bond
 A bond in which metallic cations are held together by sea of delocalized electrons.
Key: Metal + Metal

V. SUMMARY:
Ionic bond is formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another. The bond is an
electrostatic attraction between oppositely charge ions.
Covalent bond is formed when a pair of electrons are shared between two atoms. If both electrons
comes from one atom, the bond is called coordinate covalent bond.
In a polar covalent bond, the electron cloud is shifted more toward one of the atoms; in a
nonpolar covalent bond, the electron cloud is equally distributed.
If there are two pairs of electrons between two atoms, it is called a double bond.
If there are three pairs, it is a triple bond.

VI. SELF ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS:

1. Why it is important to know the different types of bonding? Explain.
2. How can people use the advantage of knowing the different types of bonding?

VII. ACTIVITY:

Create a table of the different types of chemical bonds showing the substances involve and their
given examples that we encounter in our environment.

Prepared by: IRENE M. MORA

Instructor