[STUDENT’S WORKSHEET] EXPLANATION TEXT

Name : Nabila Muthmainnah Al-Faiza

Date : 7 April 2020

1. Read the following texts carefully.

The Water Cycle

The water cycle is a major cycle that we have on Earth. The water
cycle is a continuous pattern of change. The water cycle describes how water
is exchanged (cycled) through Earth's land, ocean, and atmosphere. The water
cycle are affected by temperature, pressure, wind, and the elevation of the
land and are all controlled by the sun.
It begins by the energy from the sun heats up the surface of the Earth,
which causes the temperature of the water in our rivers, lakes and oceans to
rise. When this happens, some of the water evaporates into the air, turning
into a gas called vapour. Plants and trees also lose water to the atmosphere
through their leaves. This process is known as transpiration.
As water vapour rises up high into the sky, it cools and turns back into
a liquid, forming clouds. This process is called condensation. Currents high
up in the air move these clouds around the globe.
When too much water has condensed, the water droplets in the clouds
become too big and heavy for the air to hold them. So they fall back down to
Earth as rain, snow, hail or sleet, a process known as precipitation.
Water that reaches land directly may flow across the ground and
collect in the oceans, rivers or lakes. This water is called 'surface run-
off'. Some of the precipitation will instead soak (or 'infiltrate') into the soil,
from where it will slowly move through the ground until eventually reaching
a river or the ocean.
The water cycle never stops. This cycle continues to repeat over and
over creating a pattern in nature. The water cycle will never end as long as we
have the sun to be the driving force.
Text 2

Volcanoes

A volcano is one of the most extraordinary features on Earth, but it

can also be one of the most terrifying. When a volcano erupts, hot, liquid rock
called magma escapes through holes in the earth’s surface. A volcanic
eruption can be violent, pushing huge amounts of ash and gas into the sky,
but some eruptions are less dramatic, producing long, oozing flows of runny
lava. There are hundreds of volcanoes on land but there are many more
hidden in the depths of the ocean.

Volcanoes can erupt with massive force, as a small explosion, or just a

steady dribble. Deep underneath Earth's outer, rocky layer, which is called the
crust, the rock is not all solid. In some places it has melted into very hot
liquid called magma. The magma rises through a gap in the crust and is
trapped in an area called a magma chamber. As more magma enters the
chamber, pressure builds, until the magma is pushed up through a pipe-like
vent and erupts on to the Earth’s surface. The eruption can be so forceful that
magma is blasted into the air, breaking into billions of pieces. These come in
all sizes, from fine dust to large rocks. At other times, magma flows onto the
surface as a very hot, bright orange liquid, called lava.
 A large eruption can be dangerous for people living near a volcano. Flows of searing lava, which can rea

Taken from: www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/natural-disasters/volcanoes/

Task
1
A. From the text above, match the words in column A with the words or phrases in
column B by drawing the line

Column A Column B

Water cycle

Evaporation

Transpiration

Condensation

Precipitation

Run off

Volcanoes

Magma

Lava

The crust
The continuous circulation of water in the Earth-atmosphere system
A process where water at the surface turns into water vapors
The evaporation of water from plants
The process where water vapor changes from a gas to liquid water
The various water forms present in the atmosphere, usually falling as snow, rain, sleet and hail
water that made its way from the ground surface into places that water collect.
Mountains that extends down to a pool of magma between the crust and mantle
Melted rock that is under the ground
Magma that flows onto the Earth's surface
The rocky surface layer of Earth
Task 2

Read the texts above carefully and answer the questions.

Text 1
Questions
1. What is the water cycle?
2. What are the major processes of water cycle?
3. What causes evaporation?
4. What is another way water turns into water vapor?
5. What are clouds?
6. What causes precipitation?
7. Mention two places where water is stored!

Answers

1. Water Cycle is process by which water formation takes place on earth, through land,
sea, and atmosphere.
2. Evaporation, Condensation, and Precipitation
3. What causes evaporation is the energy from the sun that heats the surface of the
earth, so the water temperature rises.
4. By heating the surface of the water causes the water to turn into water vapor.
5. A cloud is a collection of water vapor that condenses in the sky.
6. What causes precipitation is if the water droplets in the clouds are too heavy so that
the air can’t hold it.

7. Water stored in the river and sea.

Text 2
Questions
1. What is the text about?
2. What is volcano?
3. What makes a volcano erupt?
4. What is the difference of lava and magma?
5. How dangerous are volcanoes?
Answers
1. A volcano that can erupt and emit magma at any time.
2. Volcano is a mountain that contains magma and lava and can erupt at any time.
3. When a lot of magma rises into the magma chamber, it causes the pressure to rise. So
that magma is pushed towards the mouth of a mountain and erupts.
4. Magma is a mud-shaped hot material in a volcanic crater, while lava is magma that
comes out of a volcano when it erupt.
5. Volcanic eruption are very dangerous, especially for people who live near volcanoes.
Lava flow has a temperature of around 1.250 degrees celcius and can burn what it
passes through, ash and poisonous gas can cause lung damage.
Task 3

Complete the following table based on the text above!

Components The water cycle Volcanoes

Purpose of the text To explain how the water cycle To explain how the volcanoes
happens. happens.

General statement The water cycle is a major A volcano is one of the most
cycle that we have on Earth. extraordinary features on Earth,
The water cycle is a continuous but it can also be one of the most
pattern of chace. The water terrifiying. When a volcano erupts,
cycle describes how water is hot, liquid rock called magma
exchanged (cycled) through escapes through holes in the
Earth’s land, ocean, and earth’s surface. A volcanic
atmosphere. The water cycle eruption can be violent, pushing
are affected by temperature, huge amounts of ash and gas into
pressure, wind, and the the sky, but some eruptions are
elevation of the land and are all less dramatic, producing long,
controlled by the sun. flows of runny lava. There are
hundreds of volcanoes on land but
there are many more hidden in the
depths of the ocean.
Sequences of explanation Evaporates, Condensation, and Magma filled the magma chamber
Precipitation. to the brim, then came out through
the mouth of the mountain
accompanied by the hot ash of the
volcano.