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20c Multiint1 F18-Handout PDF
20c Multiint1 F18-Handout PDF
Prof. Tesler
Math 20C
Fall 2018
Prof. Tesler 5.1–5.2 Multiple Integrals – Intro Math 20C / Fall 2018 1 / 26
Indefinite integrals with multiple variables
Consider Z ax
e
eax dx = +C
a
In the input,
dx says x is the integration variable.
a is constant.
In the result, C is a constant (does not depend on x).
Applying d/dx to the result gives back the integrand:
ax
d e
+ C = eax
dx a
Prof. Tesler 5.1–5.2 Multiple Integrals – Intro Math 20C / Fall 2018 2 / 26
Indefinite integrals with multiple variables
Let x, y, z be variables, and consider
Z
z2
(2xy + z) dz = 2xyz + + C(x, y)
2
In the input:
dz says z is the integration variable.
x, y are treated as constants while doing the integral.
In the result:
The integration “constant” does not depend on the integration
variable z, but it might depend on the other variables x, y!
So it’s a function, C(x, y).
Applying ∂/∂z to the result gives back the integrand:
2
∂ z
2xyz + + C(x, y) = 2xy + z
∂z 2
∂
Note ∂z C(x, y) = 0 for all functions of x and y.
Prof. Tesler 5.1–5.2 Multiple Integrals – Intro Math 20C / Fall 2018 3 / 26
Definite integrals with multiple variables
Zb 2
z=b
z
(2xy + z)dz = 2xyz +
a 2 z=a
As a definite integral:
The limits a, b may depend on the other variables, x and y.
Specify limits as z = a and z = b instead of just a and b:
2
b
z
Don’t do this: 2xyz +
2 a
Prof. Tesler 5.1–5.2 Multiple Integrals – Intro Math 20C / Fall 2018 4 / 26
Definite integrals with multiple variables
Method 1: Antiderivative at upper limit minus at lower limit
Z x+y 2
z=x+y
z
(2xy + z)dz = 2xyz +
0 2 z=0
2 2
(x + y) 0
= 2xy(x + y) + − 2xy(0) +
2 2
(x + y)2
= 2xy(x + y) +
2
Method 2: Subtract term-by-term
Z x+y 2
z=x+y
z
(2xy + z)dz = 2xyz +
0 2 z=0
(x + y)2 − 02
= 2xy((x + y) − 0) +
2
(x + y)2
= 2xy(x + y) +
2
Prof. Tesler 5.1–5.2 Multiple Integrals – Intro Math 20C / Fall 2018 5 / 26
Iterated integrals
This is a triple integral:
Z 1 Z 2x Z x+y
2xy dz dy dx
0 x 0
Z 1 Z 2x Z x+y
I= 2xy dz dy dx
0 x 0
Prof. Tesler 5.1–5.2 Multiple Integrals – Intro Math 20C / Fall 2018 7 / 26
Iterated integrals
Z 1 Z 2x Z x+y Z 1 Z 2x
I= 2xy dz dy dx = 2xy(x + y) dy dx
0 x 0 0 x
Prof. Tesler 5.1–5.2 Multiple Integrals – Intro Math 20C / Fall 2018 8 / 26
Iterated integrals
Z 1 Z 2x Z x+y Z1
23x4
I= 2xy dz dy dx = · · · = dx
0 x 0 0 3
Prof. Tesler 5.1–5.2 Multiple Integrals – Intro Math 20C / Fall 2018 9 / 26
Rectangle D = [0, 2] × [1, 3]
y D = [0, 2] × [1, 3] is the filled-in rectangle in
the xy plane with
0 6 x 6 2 and 1 6 y 6 3.
Prof. Tesler 5.1–5.2 Multiple Integrals – Intro Math 20C / Fall 2018 10 / 26
Volume under z = 2x + 1 and above rectangle D = [0, 2] × [1, 3]
(2,1,5) z (2,3,5)
The coordinates on the plane z = 2x + 1
above the corners of the rectangle D are z=2x+1
Prof. Tesler 5.1–5.2 Multiple Integrals – Intro Math 20C / Fall 2018 11 / 26
Volume under z = 2x + 1 and above rectangle D = [0, 2] × [1, 3]
Method: split into pieces with known volumes
(2,1,5) z (2,3,5)
(0,1,1) (0,3,1)
(0,3,0)
y
(2,3,1)
x
(2,1,0) (2,3,0)
dx
y
dy
x
Split up D by making a grid with closely spaced horizontal lines
and closely spaced vertical lines.
dA is differential area. It can be dA = dx dy or dA = dy dx.
Prof. Tesler 5.1–5.2 Multiple Integrals – Intro Math 20C / Fall 2018 13 / 26
Volume under z = 2x + 1 and above rectangle D = [0, 2] × [1, 3]
Method: dA = dy dx
(2,1,5) z (2,3,5)
Let E be a 3D region.
Let a 6 x 6 b be the range of x in E.
(0,3,1)
Slice E at many values of x;
(0,3,0)
y e.g., set ∆x = (b − a)/n,
slice E at x = a, a + ∆x, a + 2∆x, . . . , b,
x
(2,1,0) (2,3,0)
and let n → ∞.
(2,1,5) z (2,3,5)
(0,3,1)
(0,3,0)
y
x
(2,1,0) (2,3,0)
The slice
R3 at x has infinitesimal thickness
R3 dx,
area 1 (2x + 1) dy, and volume ( 1 (2x + 1) dy)dx.
Prof. Tesler 5.1–5.2 Multiple Integrals – Intro Math 20C / Fall 2018 16 / 26
Volume under z = 2x + 1 and above rectangle D = [0, 2] × [1, 3]
Method: dA = dy dx
(2,1,5) z (2,3,5)
ZZ Z2 Z3
(0,3,1)
(2x+1) dA = (2x+1) dy dx
(0,3,0) 0 1
y D
x
(2,1,0) (2,3,0)
Inside:
Z3 y=3
(2x + 1)dy = (2x + 1)y = (2x + 1)(3 − 1) = 2(2x + 1)
1 y=1
Outside:
Z2
x=2
2(2x + 1) dx = 2(x + x)x=0 = 2((22 − 02 ) + (2 − 0))
2
0
= 2(4 + 2) = 12
Prof. Tesler 5.1–5.2 Multiple Integrals – Intro Math 20C / Fall 2018 17 / 26
Volume under z = 2x + 1 and above rectangle D = [0, 2] × [1, 3]
Method: dA = dx dy
(2,1,5) z (2,3,5)
(0,3,1)
(0,3,0)
y
x
(2,1,0) (2,3,0)
The slice
R2 at y has infinitesimal thickness
R2 dy,
area 0 (2x + 1) dx, and volume ( 0 (2x + 1) dx)dy.
Prof. Tesler 5.1–5.2 Multiple Integrals – Intro Math 20C / Fall 2018 18 / 26
Volume under z = 2x + 1 and above rectangle D = [0, 2] × [1, 3]
Method: dA = dx dy
(2,1,5) z (2,3,5)
ZZ Z3 Z2
(0,3,1)
(2x+1) dA = (2x+1) dx dy
(0,3,0) 1 0
y D
x
(2,1,0) (2,3,0)
Inside:
Z2 x=2
(2x + 1)dx = (x2 + x) = (22 − 02 ) + (2 − 0) = 6
0 x=0
Outside:
Z3
6 dy = 6y|y=3
y=1 = 6(3 − 1) = 12
1
Prof. Tesler 5.1–5.2 Multiple Integrals – Intro Math 20C / Fall 2018 19 / 26
Fubini’s Theorem
Prof. Tesler 5.1–5.2 Multiple Integrals – Intro Math 20C / Fall 2018 20 / 26
Separation of Variables
Consider a double integral in this format:
Zb Zd
f (x)g(y) dy dx
a c
Since the inside integral is over y, we can factor f (x) out from it:
Zb Z d
= f (x) g(y) dy dx
a c
Prof. Tesler 5.1–5.2 Multiple Integrals – Intro Math 20C / Fall 2018 21 / 26
Volume under z = 2x + 1 and above rectangle D = [0, 2] × [1, 3]
Method: Separation of Variables
since
Z2 x=2
(2x + 1)dx = (x2 + x) = (22 − 02 ) + (2 − 0) = 6
0 x=0
Z3 y=3
dy = y = 3 − 1 = 2.
1 y=1
Prof. Tesler 5.1–5.2 Multiple Integrals – Intro Math 20C / Fall 2018 22 / 26
Average height
Prof. Tesler 5.1–5.2 Multiple Integrals – Intro Math 20C / Fall 2018 23 / 26
Average height
Prof. Tesler 5.1–5.2 Multiple Integrals – Intro Math 20C / Fall 2018 24 / 26
Mean Value Theorem
Prof. Tesler 5.1–5.2 Multiple Integrals – Intro Math 20C / Fall 2018 25 / 26
Density
dx
y
We spread butter on a piece of bread,
dy D = [0, 2] × [1, 3].
It’s spread unevenly, giving varying density.
Units: x, y: cm mass: g density: g/cm2
x
Density at (x, y): ρ(x, y) = 2x + 1
Total mass of D:
RR RR
(2x + 1) dA = 12 g
ρ(x, y) dA =
D D RR
ρ(x, y) dA
total mass 12 g
Average density = = D
RR = = 3 g/cm2
total area dA 4 cm2
D
Prof. Tesler 5.1–5.2 Multiple Integrals – Intro Math 20C / Fall 2018 26 / 26