AFFIXES

By:
Selly Tri Amanda
Debby Tivani
Siti Aminah
Indri Alsella
Yuly Dila Audhea
Karen Hapuk Br Sembiring
Rico Bontor Sotinjak
Tony Aditya
Suman Rogate Siregar
Benny Lukman Hakim Nasution

STKIP BUDIDAYA BINJAI

ENGLISH STUDY DEPARTMENT
2019
 FOREWORD

We praise and give thanks to God Almighty, because of the blessings and abundance of His
grace we have completed a paper in a timely manner.

The following authors present a paper with the title "Affixes" which in our opinion can
provide great benefits for us as students to understand about affixes.

Through this foreword we apologize and ask for forgiveness if there are deficiencies in the
contents of this paper and there are writings we have made that are inappropriate or offensive
to readers.

We hereby present this paper gratefully and may Allah SWT. endow this paper so that it
can provide benefits.

Nort Sumatra,november 2019

 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. BACKGROUND

English is one of compulsory subjects which is taught in Indonesian school, starting from
Elementary School up to University. Why must English be taught? The first reason, English as
one of the major international languages in the global area, is having increasing importance in
our lives. We need it as a media to help us to link and conquer the world. The second reason,
English is very important for communication with other people in human daily life because
many people need a common language in order to communicate with each other; for
business,travel, and social reasons. Educating the children to know the language will surely give
them a basis for their future development. However, most of the students still face some
problems in learning English. They thinkthat English is very difficult to be learnt and
understood. These problems have to be solved to make teaching learning process successful. As
we know, there are four skills that must be learnt in studying English;listening, speaking,
reading, and writing.

Reading is one of language skills that is almost dominant in teaching learning process.
Reading is also very important skill that we should consider in learning English, it becomes the
basic foundation of academic skills because most subjects need the skills of reading. The
success of teaching learning process cannot be separated from the role of reading. Based on
the 2013 curriculum (PermendikbudNo.81A/2013) that teachers should open wide and varied
opportunities for students to make observations through activities; look, listen, hear, and read.
It means that students are required to be more active in the learning process in class, so
students required to seek various information related to certain subjects through reading.
 According to Mikulecky (2011 : 5 ) reading is a complex conscious and unconscious
mental process in which the reader uses a variety of strategies to reconstruct the meaning that
the author is assumed to have intended, based on data from the text and from the reader’s
prior knowledge. Therefore, the learners need to learn about the affixations as one of part in
linguistic category, morpheme.According to Rene Van Den Berg (1989: 42) affixes is defined as a
closed class of grammatical elements within the word. They are bound morpheme and cannot
occur on their own. A fair number of affixes change the word class of the root to which they are
affixed.Affixation is very important to be learned by every learner who wants to study the
content of English text.

There are three types of affixation in word formation, those are Prefix, Infix and Suffix .
First is prefix. Acording to Ebest, et al (2004:434) A prefix is an element added in front of a root
word that changes the word’s meaning. Prefixation is the process which an affix is attached in
front of the base. Second is infix. Infix is a word element ( a type of affix) that can be inserted
within the base form of a word (rather than at its beginning or end) to create a new word or
intensity meaning. The process of inserting an infix is called infixation. The third is suffix.
According to Ebest, et al (2004:492) a suffix consists of one or more letters or syllables added to
the end of a word. Whereas sufixation is the process which an affix is attached in the end of the
base.

B. FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM

1. Definition of Affixes?

2. What are the Types of Affixes?

3. And How are Examples of Affixes in Each Type??

 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

1.Definition Of Affixes

An affix is an word attachment to a root or stem that gives a word a different meaning. An
affix literally “fix”es itself to a root word or a stem word. An affix changes the meaning of a
word.An affix may be attached to the beginning or the end of a root or stem word.If an affix is
attached to the beginning of a word, it is called a prefix. If an affix is attached to the end of a
word, it is called a suffix.Some root or stem words may have both an affix and a suffix or
multiple affixes and suffixes in order to make new words and to change the meaning of the root
or stem word.

2. The Type Of Affixes

The two most common types of affixes are prefixes and suffixes.

a.Prefixes

Affixes definition Prefixes are a type of affix. Prefixes are “pre” (before) “fix”ed (attached)
to a root or stem to create a new word with a new meaning.Prefixes themselves are not words.
They must be attached to a root or a stem in order to create new words.Here is a list of
common prefixes and their use in sentences:
 pre- (before)

The outcome was predetermined.

The outcome was determined before

 mis- (wrong)

That word is misspelled.

The word is spelled wrong

 non- (not)

The noise was nonstop.

The noise did not stop.

 un- (not)

His work was unsatisfactory.

His work was not satisfactory

 dis- (lack of, not)

They were displeased.

They were not pleased.

 in- (not)
The work was incredible.

The work was not believable

This example uses the prefix to attach to the root “cred” (believe). A suffix “-ible” (able
to) is also attached to the root.

2. Suffixes

Examples of affixes Suffixes are a type of affix. Suffixes are “suf” (under/after) “fix”ed
(attached) to a root or stem to create a new word with a new meaning.Suffixes themselves are
not words. They must be attached to a root or a stem in order to create new words.Here is a list
of common suffixes and their use in sentences:

 -ly (like)

She was wonderfully

She was striking like wonder

 -able (able to)

The part is adaptable.

The part is able to adapt

 -ible (able to)

The writing was incomprehensible.

The writing was not able to be comprehended.

 -er (noun, someone who)- (not)

His work was unsatisfactory.

His work was not satisfactory

 -ful (full of)

The flower is beautiful.

The flower is full of beauty

 -less (without)

The old television was worthless.

The old television was without worth

CHAPTER III

CLOSING

CONCLUSION

The definition of affix is one or more letters or syllables attached to the beginning or end
of a word to change the word’s meaning.An affix is an attachment to a stem or root word.These
include prefixes and suffixes.There are some cases where a prefix or suffix might be hyphenated
when they attach to a word but that is usually not the case.