PR 2

Termodinamika Teknik I
Dosen: Dr. Ir. I Made Astina, M.Eng.
Sem I 2012/2013
Kumpul 18 September 2012

Kerjakan kelima soal berikut

1. An exercise room has eight weight-lifting machines that have no motors and four
treadmills each equipped with a 2.5-hp (shaft output) motor. The motors operate
at an average load factor of 0.7, at which their efficiency is 0.77. During peak
evening hours, all 12 pieces of exercising equipment are used continuously, and
there are also two people doing light exercises while waiting in line for one piece
of the equipment. Assuming the average rate of heat dissipation from people in
an exercise room is 525 W, determine the rate of heat gain of the exercise room
from people and the equipment at peak load conditions.

2. A gas undergoes a thermodynamic cycle consisting of three processes beginning

at an initial state where p1 = 1 bar, V1 = 1.0 m3, and U1 = 512 kJ. The processes
are follows:
a. Process 1-2: Compression with pV = constant to p2 = 2 bar, U2 = 690 kJ
b. Process 2-3: W23 = 0, Q23 = -150 kJ and
c. Process 3-1: W31 = 50 kJ.
Neglecting kinetic energy and potential energy changes, determine the heat
interactions Q12 and Q31.

3. A stationary mass of gas is compressed without friction from an initial state of

0.3 m3 and 0.105 MPa to a final state of 0.125 m3 and 0.105 MPa, the pressure
remaining constant during the process. There is a transfer of 37.6 kJ of heat from
the gas during the process. How much does the internal energy of the gas change.

4. Water is being heated in a closed pan on top of a range while being stirred by a
paddle wheel. During the process, 30 kJ of heat is transferred to the water, and 5
kJ of heat is lost to the surrounding air. The paddle-wheel work amounts to 500
N m. Determine the final energy of the system if its initial energy is 10 kJ.

5. A closed steel bottle contains ammonia at –20oC, x = 15% and the volume is 0.05
m3. It has a safety valve that opens at a pressure of 1.5 MPa. By accident, the
bottle is heated until the safety valve opens. Find the temperature and heat
transfer when the valve first opens.

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