1

Submitted ito i
Miss Iram Ijaz
Submitted iby
Sana iParveen
Roll iNo
19-545
Reg iNo
5325
B.Ed i(Hons) iElementary iin iEducation
2nd iSemester
2019-2023(Morning)
Course iTitle:-
Environmental science
Course icode i:
Chm 300
Mid Assignment

1
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Sr Page
no Topic
no
1 What iis iOrganic iMatter. 3

2 3
What idoes iOrganic iMatter iDo.
3 Why ido iwe ineed iOrganic iMatter 4
ito ibreak idown.

4 Types iof iorganic imatter.i. 4

5 Pesticide. 5

6 Primary ibenefits. 5

7 6
References
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What iis iOrganic iMatter?

iWe ioften iuse ithe iterm i“organic imatter” itwo
idifferent iways iin igardening iand ifarming. iIn ione
isense, iwe irefer ito iplant imaterial iin ithe iform iof
icrops, igreen imanures, ianimal imanures, icompost, ior
iwood ishaving i/ istraw ianimal ibedding iall ias
iexamples iof ifresh iorganic imatter ior iorganic
iamendments ithat ican ibe iadded ito isoil ias imulch ior
ifood ito iincrease ior imaintain isoil ibiology. iSources iof
ifresh iorganic imatter imay iinclude iweed iseeds ior
iavailable iforms iof inutrients ithat ican ibe ileached, iand
iif iincorporated iinto ithe isoil iat ihigh irates imay ilead
ito irapid irates iof ibreakdown iand idecay ithat ican ilead
ito ishort iterm ireductions iin inutrient iavailability

What idoes iOrganic iMatter iDo? i

The iformation iof isoil iis ia istory iof irocks iand
iminerals ibeing ibroken idown ito ismaller iand ismaller
ipieces. iSoil iOrganic iMatter i(SOM) iis ithe iglue ithat
ihelps iprovide istructure ito iall ithe ismaller iparticles,
ihelps iprevent icompaction, iand ican ilead ito ian
iincrease iin iroot igrowth. iAs iSOM iand itherefore isoil
istructure iincrease, isoil iis icapable iof iabsorbing iwater
ifaster, iretaining imore iwater, iand iresisting ierosion iby
iwind iand irain.
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Why ido iwe ineed iOrganic iMatter ito ibreak

idown?
iAs iplants igrow, ithe ienergy iof ithe isun iis itrapped
iand istored. iJust ias iwe iget ienergy ifrom ieating
iplants, imicroorganisms iin ithe isoil iget ienergy iby
icontinuing ito ibreak idown iplant iderived iorganic
imatter. iWhen ia ihorse ieats ihay, ithe ihorse igets
ienergy, ia ipart iof ithe ihay ibecomes ithe ihorse, ipart iis
ilost ias ifeces, iand ipart iis ilost ias icarbon idioxide ieach
itime ithe ihorse iexhales. iIn iecological ifarming iand
igardening, ithe isoil iis ialive ilike ithe ihorse iand ineeds
ito ibe ifed iregularly. iThe isoil imicroorganisms iinclude
ibacteria, ifungi, iprotozoa, inematodes, iand imany iother
ilife iforms ithat imake iup ithe isoil ifood iweb.

Types iof iorganic imatter i:

1. iCompost
2. iMushroom iSoil/Compost
3. iSphagnum iPeat iMoss
4. iLeaf iMold/Humus
5. iManures
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Pesticide
The iFood iand iAgriculture iOrganization i(FAO) ihas
idefined ipesticide ias

any isubstance ior imixture iof isubstances iintended

ifor ipreventing, idestroying, ior icontrolling iany
ipest, iincluding ivectors iof ihuman ior ianimal
idisease, iunwanted ispecies iof iplants ior ianimals,
icausing iharm iduring ior iotherwise iinterfering
iwith ithe iproduction, iprocessing, istorage,
itransport, ior imarketing iof ifood, iagricultural
icommodities, iwood iand iwood iproducts ior ianimal
ifeedstuffs, ior isubstances ithat imay ibe
iadministered ito ianimals ifor ithe icontrol iof
iinsects, iarachnids, ior iother ipests iin ior ion itheir
ibodies. iThe iterm iincludes isubstances iintended
ifor iuse ias ia iplant igrowth iregulator, idefoliant,
idesiccant, ior iagent ifor ithinning ifruit ior
ipreventing ithe ipremature ifall iof ifruit. iAlso iused
ias isubstances iapplied ito icrops ieither ibefore ior
iafter iharvest ito iprotect ithe icommodity ifrom
ideterioration iduring istorage iand itransport
Primary ibenefits
Controlling ipests iand iplant idisease ivectors

 Improved icrop iyields

 Improved icrop/livestock iquality
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 Invasive ispecies icontrolled

Controlling ihuman/livestock idisease ivectors iand
inuisance iorganisms

 Human ilives isaved iand idisease ireduced. iDiseases

icontrolled iinclude imalaria, iwith imillions iof ilives
ihaving ibeen isaved ior ienhanced iwith ithe iuse iof
iDDT ialone. i
 Animal ilives isaved iand idisease ireduced

References
1.  "Basic Information about Pesticide Ingredients". US Environmental
Protection Agency. Apr 2, 2018. Retrieved Dec 1, 2018.
2. ^ Randall C, et al. (2014). "Pest Management". National Pesticide
Applicator Certification Core Manual (2nd ed.). Washington: National
Association of State Departments of Agriculture Research
Foundation.
3. ^ "Pesticides in Our Food System". Food Print. GRACE
Communications. Retrieved 26 March 2018.