Bb‡mckb wU‡gi D‡`¨v‡M 40 w`‡b 40Zg wewmGm cÖ¯‘wZi cwiKíbv01
by
evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i Z_¨ I wUªK
evsjvi fvlv welqK Mªš’vejx I Awfavb †jLK-
cixÿvq 1 b¤^‡ii Rb¨ cÖvq Av‡m evsjv fvlv welqK eBwU
†K wj‡L‡Qb? g‡b ivLv KwVb Kvi †Kvb eB| G Sv‡gjv
Gov‡ZB Avvgvi †QvU cÖqvm | †h †hfv‡e cv‡ib g‡b
iv‡Lb|
→ evsjv fvlvi BwZnvm welqK cÖ_k MÖ‡š’i bvg-
fvlv I mvwnZ¨-`x‡bkP›`ª †mb (1896 mv‡j)
→ ‡Mviv = †Mv = †MŠoxq e¨vKiY
iv = ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq
→ fvB K_v n‡jv evev knx` n‡q‡Q,
fvB = evsjv fvlvi BwZe„Ë
K_v = evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i K_v
evev = evsjv fvlvi e¨vKiY
knx` = W. gynv¤§` knx`yjøvn
→ fvB myK bvB
fvB = evsjv fvlvi BwZe„Ë
myK = myKzgvi †mb
Gi bvg gbxlv gÄy
→ - Kvý cv, Zvi iwPZ c`¸wj n‡jv- 7,9,10,11,
bvg = W. Gbvgyj nK
gbxlv = gbxlv gÄxlv
gÄy = e¨vKiY gÄyix|
nvB (D”P) mva
→
nvB = gynv¤§` Avãyj nvB
mv= fvlv I mvwnZ¨
a = aŸwbweÁvb I evsjv aŸwbZË¡
→ VvKzi kc (weQvbv) w`j
VvKzi = iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi
k = kãË¡
c = evsjv fvlvi cwiPq
→ I bxwZ cÖKvk Kij
I = IwWweGj (ODBL)
bxwZ = W. mybxwZKzgvi P‡Uªvcva¨vq
cÖKvk = fvlv cÖKvk evsjv e¨vKiY
→ ‡KD fve (D‡ëv w`K n‡Z)
‡KD = DBwjqvg †Kix
fve = evsjv fvlvi e¨vKiY
→ Bk^i kã gÄyi K‡iv
Bk^i = Bk^iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi
kã gÄyi = kã gÄyix
→ mk w`‡q LvI
m = cÖ_g evsjv w_mivm ev mgv_©K k‡ãi
Awfavb (m)
k = A‡kvK gy‡Lvcva¨vq (k)
→ knx‡`i AvÂwjK Uvb †ewk
knx` = W. gynv¤§` knx`yjøvn
AvÂwjK = AvÂwjK fvlvi Awfavb
→ kixd mswÿß K_v e‡j
kixd = Avng` kixd (g„Zz¨- 1999)
mswÿß = evsjv GKv‡Wwgi mswÿß evsjv
Awfavb
→ cÖRv
cÖ = cÖwgZ evsjv evbvb Awfavb
Rv = Rvwgj †PŠayix
cÖvPxb hyM (950-1200wLª.)
♦♦♦ gnvg‡nvcva¨vq nicÖmv` kv¯¿xi Phv©c‡`i Avwe®‹……Z
cyw_wUi bvg- ÔPh©¨vPh©¨wewbðqÕ
♦♦♦ ⇒ mybxwZKzgvi P‡Uªvcva¨v‡qi g‡Z, evsjv fvlvi
DrcwË 950-1200 wLª. gvMax cÖvK…Z †_‡K,
⇒ W. gynv¤§` knx`yjøvni g‡Z, 650-1200 wLª.
†MŠox cÖvK…Z †_‡K...
♦♦♦ Phv©c‡`i me‡P‡q †ewk c` (13wU) iPbv K‡ib
(12) 13,18,19,24,36,40,42,45|
♦♦♦ Phv©c‡`i Avw` Kwe jyBcvi c` 2wU h_v- 1 bs I
29 bs
♦♦♦ Phv©c` n‡jv- †eŠ× mnwRqv‡`b mvab m½xZ, GwU
gvÎve„Ë Q‡›` iwPZ|
♦♦♦ ⇒ Phv©c‡`i wZeŸwZ Abyev` Avwe®‹vi K‡ib-
cª‡evaKzgvi evMPx- 1938 mv‡j|
⇒ Phv©c‡`i ag©gZ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv K‡ib W.
gynv¤§` knx`yjøvn 1927 mv‡j|
♦♦♦ Phv©c‡`b AšÍwb©wnZ Z‡Ë¡i e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb K‡ib-
W. kkxf~lY `vk¸ß (1946 mv‡j)
♦♦♦ Phv©c‡`i c`¸‡jv UxKvi gva¨‡g cÖKvk K‡ib-
gywb`Ë |
♦♦♦ cÖ_g evOvwj wn‡m‡e c~Yv©½ c` iPbv K‡ib-
jyBcv, hv‡K Avw` Kwe ejv nq| Zvi iwPZ c`
2wU n‡jv- 1 I 29 bs |
♦♦♦ gwnjv Kwe wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq Kz°wicv †K|
Zvi iwPZ c‡`i msL¨v 3wU| h_v- 2,20,48 bs
c`
♦♦♦ W. gynv¤§` knx`yjøvn Gi g‡Z Phv©c‡`i cªvPxb
Kwe kei cv, Zvi iwPZ c` 2wU ,whwb
evsjv‡`‡ki †jvK wQ‡jb|
♦♦♦ bvg _vK‡jI c` cvIqv hvq wb j– vwo‡Wv¤^x cvi
♦♦♦ e½xq mvwnZ¨ cwil` n‡Z ÔnvRvi eQ‡ii cyivY
Bb‡mckb wU‡gi D‡`¨v‡M 40 w`‡b 40Zg wewmGm cÖ¯‘wZi cwiKíbv02
evsjv fvlvq †eŠ×Mvb I †`vnv Õ cÖKvwkZ nq -
1916 mv‡j- gnvg‡nvcva¨vq nicÖmv` kv¯¿xi
m¤úv`bvq|
♦♦♦ c` cvIqv hvq wb-23 bs Gi A‡a©K (fzmyK cv)
24 bs- Kvý cv
25 bs- Zš¿x cv
48 bs- Kz°zix cv
♦♦♦ Phv©c` iwPZ nq - cvj Avg‡j
ga¨hyM
♦♦♦ M`¨c`¨ wgwkÖZ P¤úyKve¨ + wn›`y I †eŠ× a‡g©i
K_v ewY©Z Ôk~b¨cyivYÕ Gi iPwqZv n‡jb- ivgvB
cwÐZ
♦♦♦ ÔkªxK©òKxZ©bÕ Kve¨ Avwe®‹vi K‡ib- emšÍiÄb
ivq wØØjøf 1909 mv‡j| Avi iwPqZv n‡jb
eo– PÐx`vm ev AbšÍ eo–qv|
♦♦♦ ÔkªxK©òKxZ©bÕ Kv‡e¨ (13wU L‡Ð) ivav n‡jv
gvbevZœvi cÖZxK Avi K…ò n‡jv- cigvZœvi ev
¯ªóvi cÖZxK | eovB n‡jv- †cÖ‡gi `~wZ
♦♦♦ ga¨hy‡Mi evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i †kÖô dmj/m¤ú`
n‡jv- ‰eòe c`vewj,Gi AwaKvsk c` iwPZ
nq eªReywj fvlvq, hvi Avw`Kwe n‡jb-
PÐx`vm/AbšÍ eo–qv,
‰eòe c`vewji evOvwj Kwe n‡jb-PÐx`vm/eo–
PÐx`vm, Ávb`vm, †Mvwe›``vm
AevOvwj Kwe n‡jb- we`¨vcwZ,whwb wgw_jvi
Kwe, ˆeòe‡`i g‡Z im 5 cÖKvi
♦♦♦ eo– PÐx`vm ev PÐx`vm/AbšÍ eo–qv Gi weL¨vZ
Dw³ n‡jv-Òûb‡n gvbyl fvB, mevi Dc‡i
gvbyl mZ¨ Zvnvi Dc‡i bvBÓ,
ÒmB †Kg‡b awie wnqv, Avgvi euayqv Avb evwo
hvq Avgvwi Avw½bv w`qvÓ
(g‡b ivLyb- PÐx`v‡mi Avw½bvq gvbyl)
♦♦♦ Òiæc jvwM AuvwL Sz‡i ¸‡Y gb ‡fvi, cÖwZ A½
jvwM Kv‡›` cÖwZ A½ †gviÓ
Òmy‡Li jvwMqv G Ni evwaby Ab‡j cywoqv †MjÓ
Kwe- Ávb`vmi weL¨vZ Dw³
(g‡b ivLyb- AuvwLi Ávb cy‡o †Mj)
♦♦♦ †KŠk‡j g‡b ivwL g½jKv‡e¨i Kwei bvg
I Avw` Kwe, †kÖôKwe-
♦♦♦ g½jKv‡e¨i g~javiv 3wU h_v-
⇒ gbmvg½j n‡jv cÖvPxbZg kvLv (†`e‡`exi
RqMvb, PwiÎ- Pvu` mI`vMi, ‡eûjv,
jwL›`i) ,
⇒ PÐxg½j (PÐx‡`exi Kvwnbx,
PwiÎ-KvjKZz,dzjøiv,jnbv) ,
⇒ Abœ`vg½j 3wU L‡Ð wef³ (PwiÎ-
nxivgvwjbx, Bk^icvUbx, we`¨vmy›`i)
♥gbmvg½j Kv‡e¨i KweMY-
⇒ gb weRq nj bvn eskx †K evwR‡qI|
gb = gbmvg½j
weRq = weRq¸ß, we = wecÖ`vm wcwcjvB
bv = bvivqY †`e
n = Kvbv nwi`Ë
eskx = wØR eskx`vm
‡K = †KZKv`vm †ÿgvb›`
⇒ Kvbv gb
Kv = Kvbv nwi`Ë (Avw` Kwe)
bv = bvivqY †`e †kÖô Kwe) gb = gbmvg½j
♦♦♦ ♥PÐxgÐj Kv‡e¨i D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Kwe-
⇒ gvwbK Pzgy w`m (co–b wØR )
gvwbK = gvwbK `Ë ( Avw` Kwe)
Py = PÐxg½j
gy = gyKz›`ivg PµeZx© (†kÖô Kwe-KweK¼b)
w`m = wØR gvae, wØR ivg‡`e
♦♦♦ Abœ`vg½j Kv‡e¨i KweMY-
Abœ`vg½j Kve¨avivi cÖavb Kwe-
fviZP›`ª ivq ¸YvKi
(1712-1760)
⇒ wZwb evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i cÖ_g bvMwiK Kwe,
⇒ ga¨hy‡Mi cÖavb I †kªôKwe, me©‡kl Kwe
⇒ Zvi iwPZ g½jKve¨ n‡jv- Abœ`vg½j
(beØx‡ci ivRv K…òP‡›`ªi Av‡`‡k iwPZ)
⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ Dw³-
Ò bMi cywo‡j †`evjq wK Govq?Ó
Ò g‡š¿i mvab wKsev kixi cvZbÓ
Òeoi wcwiwZ evwji euva,
ÿ‡Y nv‡Z `wo, ÿ‡Y Pvu`Ó
Ò Kwo‡Z ev‡Ni `ya †g‡jÓ
Ònvfv‡Z h`¨wc Pvq, mvMi ïKv‡q hvqÓ
Ò Avgvi mšÍvb †hb Lv‡K `y‡a fv‡ZÓ Dw³-
Bk^icvUbxi Z‡e iwPqZv fviZP›`ª iv‡qi|
Bb‡mckb wU‡gi D‡`¨v‡M 40 w`‡b 40Zg wewmGm cÖ¯‘wZi cwiKíbv03
♦♦♦ gwm©qv Aviex kã- A_© ‡kuvKMv_v ♦♦♦ VvKzi gvi Szwj, VvKzi `v`vi Szwj-`wÿYviÄY
gwm©qv mvwn‡Z¨i Avw`Kwe -‡kL dqRyjøvn wg‡Îi iæcK_v
(Rqb‡ei ˆPwZkv) ♦♦♦ ⇒gqgbwms‡ni MxwZKv ¸‡jvi msMÖvnK-
♦♦♦ ⇒ evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i cÖ_g gwnjv Kwe P– ›`ªveZx, P›`ªKzgvi †`|
⇒ wZwb gbmvg½j Kv‡e¨i iwPqZv Kwe wØR ⇒ ÔgûqvÕ cvjvwUi iwPqZv w– ØR KvbvB
eskx`v‡mi Kb¨v ⇒ Ô‡`Iqvbv gw`bvÕ g– bmyi eqvwZ
⇒ wZwb ivgvqY iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb ♦♦♦ Ò wbRvg WvKv‡Zi cvjv, Kvdb †Pviv, †PŠayixi
⇒ gjyqv I `m¨‡Kbviv‡gi cvjvÕ gqgbwms‡ni jovB, †fjyqvÓ G¸wj nj- c~e©e½ MxwZKvi
MxwZKv 2wUi iPwqZv wZwb| cvjv (G K‡qKUv g‡b ivL‡j gqgbwmsn
♦♦♦ ⇒ ‡eŠ× I ‰ke a‡g©i mswgkª‡Y bv_ mvwn‡Z¨i MxwZKv Ggwb mbv³ Kiv hv‡e)
DrcwË ♦♦♦ fvIqvBqv n‡jv i– scyi A‡ji Mvb,
⇒ bv_ mvwn‡Z¨i Avw`Kwe - †kL dqRyjøvn M¤¢xiv- PvcvBbeveMÄ
(†Mviÿ weRq) fvwUqvjx- gqgbwmsn
♦♦♦ evsjv fvlvq gnvfi‡Zi cÖ_g Abyev`‡Ki bvg ♦♦♦ kv³ c`vewji Avw` I †kªô Kwe- ivgcÖmv`
Kex›`ª ci‡gk^i, Z‡e †kªô Abyev`K K – vkxivg †mb
`vm |
♦♦♦ ⇒ mßcqKi, wmKv›`vibvgv, mqdzjg~jK-
ew`D¾vgvb, †Zvndv (bxwZKve¨) AvjvIj AvaywbK hyM
Abyev` K‡ib- dviwm fvlv n‡Z| (1201-eZ©gvb)
⇒ gvwjK ‡gvnv¤§` Rvqmxi wnw›` fvlvq iwPZ
♦♦♦ evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ M‡`¨i weKvk N‡U- Dwbk kZ‡K,
Ôc`ygverÕ Aej¤^‡b AvjvIj iPbv K‡ib-
M`¨ cÖwZôvq †dvU© DBwjqvg K‡jR Gi Ae`vb
cÙveZx
†ewk|
⇒ Ô †cÖg we‡b fve bvB fve we‡b im, evsjv fvlvq gyw`ªZ cÖ_g MÖ‡š’i bvg- K‡_vcK_b
♦♦♦
wÎf~e‡b hvnv †`wL †cÖg ûb‡Z egÓ –cÙveZx (1801)
♦♦♦ evsjvi gymjgvb Kwe‡`i g‡aª cÖvPxbZg Kwe †dvU© DBwjqvg K‡j‡R evsjv wefvM Pvjy Kiv
♦♦♦
kvn gynv¤§` mMxi Ab~w`Z MÖ‡š’i bvg BDmyd- nq- 1801 mv‡j|
Ry‡jLv evsjvi K_¨ fvlvi Avw` MÖš’ n‡jv-K…cvi k‡¯¿i
♦♦♦
♦♦♦ ⇒ evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ GKwU KweZv/c¼wZ bv A_©‡f` (gvby‡qj Avmm¨v¤úymvI)
wj‡LI hvi bv‡g GKwU hy‡Mi m„wó n‡q‡Q- ♦♦♦ †dvU© DBwjqvg K‡j‡Ri Ab¨Zg †jLK n‡jb-
kÖx‰PZb¨‡`e| g„Zz¨Äq we`¨vjsKvi, ivgivg emy, nicÖmv` kvw¯¿,
⇒ evsjv fvlvq kÖx‰PZb¨‡`‡ei Rxebx welqK †MvjKbv_ kgv©, PÐxPiY gybwk, ZvwbYxPiY wgÎ,
cÖ_g MÖš’- ˆPZb¨fvMeZ (e„›`veb `v‡mi) ivRxe‡jvPb gy‡Lvcva¨vq|
♦♦♦ Òbvbvb †`‡ki bvbvb fvlv , ♦♦♦ kªxivgcyi wgkb n‡Z cÖKvwk_ cwÎKvi bvg-
webv ¯^‡`kx fvlv cy‡i wK Avkv?- Ôw`M`k©bÕ I ÕmgvPvi `c©YÕ
wbayevey/ivgwbwa¸ß, whwb UàvMv‡bi RbK ♦♦♦ DBjqvg †Kix-
♦♦♦ evsjA mvwn‡Z¨i Kweqvj n‡jb - †MvuRjv ¸B ⇒ ivgivg emyi wbKU n‡Z evsjv wk‡LwQ‡jb, G
(KweMv‡bi cÖ_g Kwe), &Gw›Uwb Rb¨ ivgivg emy †K ejv nq †Kix mv‡n‡ei gybwk
wdwiw½,wbayevey, `vkiw_ ivq, wbZvB ˆeivMx, |
niæ VvKzi, fevbx †e‡b | ♥ ‡Kwi KB
♦♦♦ cywu _ mvwn‡Z¨i cÖvPxbZg †jLK- ˆmq` nvgRv
†Kwi ⇒ DBjqvg †Kwi
⇒cuyw_ mvwn‡Z¨i ¯^v_©K I RbwcÖq Kwe wQ‡jb- K = K‡_vcK_b (1801)
dKxi Mixeyjøvn B = BwZnvmgvjv (1812-
evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i cÖ_g MíMÖš’)
⇒ Zvi iwPZ Kv‡e¨i bvg –Ô Avgxi nvgRvÕ ♦♦♦ ♥ivgivg emy
♦♦♦ ⇒ hyMmwÜÿY Gi mgqKvj – 1760-1860 wUªK- ivRv emwj
⇒ hyMmwÜÿ‡Yi Kwe ejv nq- Bk^iP›`ª ¸ß‡K ivRv ⇒ ivRv cÖZvcvw`Z¨ PwiÎ
Bb‡mckb wU‡gi D‡`¨v‡M 40 w`‡b 40Zg wewmGm cÖ¯‘wZi cwiKíbv04
em ⇒ ivgivg emy ⇒ Zvi iwPZ †kÖô bvUK I evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i cÖ_g
wj ⇒ wjwcgvjv (1802-evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i cÖ_g Uªv‡RwW bvUK- K…òKzgvix (1861)
cÎ mvwnZ¨) ♦♦♦ ♣ `xbeÜz wgÎ
♦♦♦ ♥g„Zy¨Äq we`¨vj¼vi ⇒ `xbeÜz wg‡Îi Dcvwa Ôivqevnv`yiÕ, Ômaevi
⇒ †dvU© DBwjqvg K‡j‡Ri †kÖô †jLK wZwb GKv‡`kxÕ (1866) n‡jv Zvi iwPZ GKwU cÖnmb
⇒ wZwb ‡ewk MÖš’ †gvU 5wU MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| ⇒ XvKvh cÖwZwôZ cÖ_g QvcvLvbv Ôevsjv †cÖmÕ
n‡Z Ôbxj`c©YÕ bvUKwU cÖKvkZ nq-1860
♣ wUªK - ivRv n‡j 32evi †e` we`¨v co‡Z mv‡j|
n‡Zv P›`ª iv‡Z.... ♦♦♦ Ω ew¼gP›`ª P‡Uªvcva¨vq-
ivRv ⇒ ivRvewj ( 18018) (1838-1994)
32 evi ⇒ ewÎk wmsnvmb ( 1802) ⇒ evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i cÖ_g mv_©K Dcb¨vm n‡jv-
‡e`⇒ †e`všÍ Pw›`ªKv (1807) `y‡M©kbw›`bx (1865),
we`¨v ⇒ g„Zy¨Äh we`¨vj¼vi ⇒ ÔKgjvKvšÍÕ Zvi QÙbvg, Zv‡K ejv nq evsjv
mvwn‡Z¨ Dcb¨v‡mi RbK/¯’cwZ| Zvi m¤úvw`Z
n‡Zv ⇒ wn‡Zvc‡`k (1808)
cwÎKvi bvg Ôe½`k©bÕ (1872)|
P›`ª ⇒ cÖ‡eva Pw›`ªKv
⇔ Zvi Dcb¨v‡mi PwiÎ ¸‡jv g‡b ivLvi wUªK-
ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq-
♦ `y‡M©kbw›`bx (1865)-
⇒ wZwb eªvþY mgvR cÖwZôv K‡ib PwiÎ- bw›`bx weAv RwZb †K Ki|
⇒ mZx`vn cÖ_v we‡jvcmvab K‡ib 1829 mv‡j bw›`bx ⇒`y‡M©kbw›`bx
jW© †ew›UsK Gi mnvqZvq
we ⇒ wegjv
⇒ †e`všÍ MÖš’- evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i cÖ_g cÖeÜ MÖš’
Av ⇒ Av‡qkv
⇒ †e`všÍ mvi (1815)
R ⇒ RMrwmsn
⇒ evsjv fvlvq iwPZ cÖ_g evOjv e¨vKiY-
†MŠoxq e¨vKiY| wZb ⇒ wZ‡jvËgv
♦♦♦ ♥nicÖmv` ivq-
♣ KcvjKzÐjv (1866)-cÖ_g †ivgvw›UK Dcb¨vm
⇒ Ôcyiæl cixÿvÕ Zvi iwPZ MÖš’wU †dvU© DBwjqvg PwiÎ- wewe Kzgv‡ii Kcvj cyoj
K‡j‡Ri me©‡kl iPbv -1815
wewe ⇒ gwZwewe
♦♦♦ ivg‡gvnb ivq + DBwjqvg †Kwii cÖ‡Póvq wn›`y
K‡jR cÖwZwôZ nq -1817 mv‡j (†nw÷sm) Kzgv‡ii ⇒ beKzgvi
♦♦♦ ÔBqs‡e½jÕ †Mvwôi gyLcvÎ wn‡m‡e ÔÁvbv‡š^lYÕ Kcvj ⇒ ecvjKzÐjv
cwÎKvi cÖKvwkZ nq|(`wÿYvb›` gy‡Lvcva¨vq)
♦♦♦ gymwjg mvwnZ¨ mgvR cÖwZwôZ nq-1926 mv‡j Ω K…òKv‡šÍi DBj-(1878) -‡kÖô Dcb¨vm
PwiÎ- †ivwnYx jvj m~‡h© K„ò n‡jv-
†ivwnYx → †ivwnYx
Ab¨vb¨ Z_¨
jvj → †Mvwe›` jvj
♦♦♦ ♦ Bk^iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi K„ò → K…òKv‡šÍi DBj
⇒ evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ cÖ_g hwZ wP‡ýi e¨envi
K‡ib Bk^iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi (evsjv M‡`¨i RbK) - ♥wele„ÿ- (1873)- mvgvwRK Dcb¨vm
†eZvj cÂweskwZ Abyev` Mª‡š’| PwiÎ- m~h© bMb¨ e¨vcv‡i Kv›`b Ki bv e„‡ÿi
⇒ wn›`y weevn AvBb cvm Kivb 26 RyjvB Z‡j|
1856 mv‡j, jW© Wvj‡nŠmxi mnvqZvq| m~h© ⇒ m~h©gyLx
♦♦♦ ♥ gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë (1824-1873) bMb¨ ⇒ b‡M›`ªbv_
⇒ gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë AwgÎvÿi mdj cÖ‡qvM Kv›`b ⇒ Kz›`bw›`bx
NUvb ÔwZ‡jvËgvm¤¢eÕ (1860) Kv‡e¨| cÖ_g e„ÿ ⇒ wele„ÿ
MÖ‡qvM-cÙveZx Kv‡e¨|
Bb‡mckb wU‡gi D‡`¨v‡M 40 w`‡b 40Zg wewmGm cÖ¯‘wZi cwiKíbv05
⇔ Zvi iwPZ Îqx Dcb¨vm- ♦♦♦
g‡b ivLvi wUªK- ew¼‡gi Av‡`m iex›`ª-Dcb¨v‡mi PwiÎ-
Av →Avb›`gV (1882), wQqvˇii gš^šÍ‡ii cU iex›`ªbv‡_i Dcb¨v‡mi Pwiθ‡jv g‡b ivvi
‡` → †`ex †PŠayivYx (1884-iscy‡ii cxiMvQvi) †KŠkj †h‡nZz Avgv‡`i mKj Dcb¨vm covi
†mŠfvM¨ n‡ebv ZvB †KŠk‡j PwiÎ ¸‡jv g‡b
m → mxZvivg (1887-me©‡kl Dcb¨vm)
ivwL|
♥ KiæYv
⇔ Dw³-
(Amgvß I AcÖKvwkZ Dcb¨vm)
⇒ Òcw_K Zzwg c_ nvivBqv‡Qv- PwiÎ wUªK- MR KiæYv †`Lv‡eb bvn-
⇒ ÒZywg Aa, ZvB e‡j Avwg DËg nBe bv M ⇒ g‡n›`ª, †gvwnbx
†Kb?
R ⇒ iRbx
⇒ÒcÖ`xc wbwfqv †MjÓ
♦‡Pv‡Li evwj-
♦♦♦ gxi †gvkviid †nv‡mb
(1903)- evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i cÖ_g gb¯ÍvwË¡K
1847-1911) Dcb¨vm|
→ Zvi QÙbvg ÔMvRx wgqvÕ, KvOvj nwibv_ PwiÎ wUªK- MBA †Pv‡Li evwj n‡Z nq|
wQ‡jb Zvi mvwnZ¨ ¸iæ,wZwb cÖ_g gymwjg M→ g‡n›`ª
Jcb¨vwmK evsjv mvwn‡Z¨|
B→ wenvix, we‡bv`bx
→ evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ cÖ_g gymwjg bvU¨Kvi wZwb
(emšÍKzgvix-1873) A→ Avkv
→ Ô‡gv&m‡jg fviZÕ Zvi weL¨vZ Kve¨, ♣ †Mviv-(1910)
ÔRwg`vi`c©YÕ (1873) Zvi weL¨vZ bvUK wUªK- K…ò ei c‡i Avm‡e †Mvj Uzwc gv_vq w`‡q
♦♦♦ Kvq‡Kvev` K…ò ⇒ K…ò`qvj
(1857-1951) ei ⇒ ei`vmy›`ix
⇒ gymwjg‡`i g‡a¨ cÖ_g gnvKve¨ iwPqZv – c‡i ⇒ c‡ikevey
Kvq‡Kvev` ( KvRg Avj †Kv‡ikx) -1904 Av ⇒ Avb›`gqx
mv‡j,hv cvwbc‡_i 3q hy‡×i cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z iwPZ| m ⇒ m~PwiZv
‡e ⇒ webq
⇒ Zvi cÖ_g Kve¨MÖš’- wein we‡jvc (1870) 13 ‡Mv ⇒ †Mviv
eQi eq‡m iwPZ| j ⇒ jwjZv
Ω N‡i- evB‡i-(1916)
⇒ AvhvbÕ Zvi weL¨vZ KweZv I AkÖægvjv n‡jv PwjZ fvlvq iwei cÖ_g Dcb¨vm GwU
Zvi Kve¨MÖš’ wUªK- N‡i- evB‡i mwewb (me †b)
♦♦♦ iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi m→ m›`xc
(1861-1941) we→ wegjv
cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨-
wb→ wbwL‡jk
→ iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi bvBUûW Dcvwa cvb 1915
mv‡j ,Z¨vM 1919 mv‡j RvwjqvbIqvjvevM ♥‡hvMv‡hvM (1929)
nZ¨vKv‡Ði cÖwZev‡`| mvgvwRK Dcb¨vm
→ Zvi cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ Dcb¨vm -Ô‡eŠ VvKzivYxi wUªK ⇒ ‡hvMv‡hvM Kg Ki
nvUÕ -1883 mv‡j K ⇒ Kzgyw`bx
→ †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi cvb 1913 mv‡j (Song g ⇒ ga~m~`b
Offerings Rb¨) ♥ †k‡li KweZv-
→ cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ †QvUMí- wfLvwiYx, Z‡e mv_©K (1929)-‡ivgvw›UK Kve¨agx©
†QvUMí- †`bv-cvIbv wUªK-Awg‡j (we‡”Q‡`/gbgvwjb¨) †kvK nq
(kirP‡›`ªi Dcb¨vm-‡`bv-cvIbv) Awg ⇒ AwgZ
→Zvi QÙbvg-9wU ,fvbywmsn VvKzi,‰PwbK bvg- j ⇒ jveY¨
ÔPz †Zb ZvbÕ ‡kv ⇒ ‡kvfbjvj
Bb‡mckb wU‡gi D‡`¨v‡M 40 w`‡b 40Zg wewmGm cÖ¯‘wZi cwiKíbv06
K ⇒ †KZKx
m¤ú~iK Z_¨-‡k‡li KweZvi
⇒ †k‡li KweZvq Dcb¨v‡m W. mybxwZKzgvi
P‡Uªvcva¨v‡qi bvg cvIqv hvq|
⇒ GB Dcb¨v‡mi weL¨vZ Dw³-
Òd¨vkbUv n‡jv gy‡Lvk,÷vBj Uv gyLkªxÓ
Ò Kv‡ji hvÎvi aŸwb wK ïb‡Z cvI?Ó
♦♦♦ ⇔ ‡QvUM‡íi K‡qKwU PwiÎ -
♥‡cv÷gv÷vi-= iZb
♣QzwU = dwUK
Ω GKivwÎ = myievjv
♦AcwiwPZv = Kj¨vYx
◊ RxweZ I g„Z = Kv`w¤^bx (Kv`w¤^bx gwiqv
cÖgvY Kwii †m g‡i bvB)
 ‰ngwšÍ = Acy, ˆngwšÍ
♣ mgvwß = g„b¥qx ( Òwkïiv‡R¨ GB †g‡qwU
GKwU †QvULvU ewM©i Dc`ªæe ewj‡jB P‡jÓ)
♥ KveywjIqvjv = LywK, ingZ
wbS©‡ii ¯^cœ- KweZv, KvjvšÍi I cÂf~Z n‡jv-
cÖeÜ
wet`¨t cixÿvq iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi n‡Z 2/1 Uv Av‡mB|
myZivs G Uz †RW c‡ob|
KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg - bvUK
wUªK- wS (co–b wR) gvjv Avcy
wS→ wSwjwgwj (1930)
gvjv→ gaygvjv (1960)
Av→ Av‡jqv (1931)
cy→ cyZz‡ji we‡q (1933)
♦♦♦ ♥KvRx bRiæj- MíMÖš’-
wUªK- e¨v_vq wi³ wkDwj
e¨v_vq ⇒ e¨v_vi`vb (1922)
wi³ ⇒ wi‡³i †e`b (1925) (evDЇji
AvZœKvwnbx)
wkDwj ⇒ wkDwjgvjv (1931) (cÙ‡MvLiv)
♦♦♦ Zvnvi wbwl× Mªš’vewj –
Trick- BAP J VC
B = we‡ki euvwk (KveMÖš’-1924 mv‡j)
A = AwMœexYv (KveMÖš’- 1922)
P = cÖjqwkLv (KveMÖš’-1930)
J = hyMevYx (1922- cÖeÜ)
V = fv½vi Mvb (KveMÖš’-1924)
C = P›`ªwe›`y (cÖeÜ)
♦♦♦ Zvnvi cÖeÜ-
hyMevYx, iæ`ªg½j, ivRe›`xi Revbe›`x (dviwm
kã), Pb`ªwe›`y
♦♦♦ m¤ú~iK Z_¨-
⇒ AwMœexYv Kve¨MÖ‡š’i cÖ_g KweZv –
cÖj‡qvjøvm,2q we‡`ªvnx, 3q= i³vi¤^i avwiYxi gv
⇒ AwMœexYv Kve¨wU evix›`ªKzgvi †Nvl †K DrmM©
K‡ib ( AB= Agnibina, B=
Barindrokumar )
⇒ mwÂZv Kve¨wU DrmM© K‡ib i– ex›`ªbv_ †K

KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg ⇒ Rxeb e›`bv n‡”Q Zvi KweZv

(1899-1976) (e›`xi e›`bv-eyׇ`e emyi Kve¨MÖš’,
♦♦♦ ⇒KvRx bRiæj †K evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq Kwei wUªK= 2Uv †Z Wvej ee Av‡Q)
ghv©`v †`qv nq- 24 †g 1972 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k
wb‡q G‡mB| ⇒ bRiæj Bmjv‡gi cÖ_g KweZv-gyw³
⇒ bvMwiKË¡ †`qv nq- 1976 mv‡j, ¯^vwaxbZv ⇒ KvRx bRiæ‡ji iY m½xZ wU wkLv cwÎKvq
cyi¯‹vi †`qv nq| ÔbZz‡bi MvbÕ wk‡ivbv‡g cÖKvwkZ nq-1928
mv‡j|
♦♦♦ Dcb¨vm- ⇒ m¤úvw`Z cwÎKvi wUªK -ba~jv
Zvnvi Dcb¨vm 3wU h_v- b = ‰`wbK behyM (1922)
wUªK- evg„K a~ = a~g‡KZz (1922)
ev = evuabnviv (1927- jv = jv½j (1925)
evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i cÖ_g cÎ Dcb¨vm)
g„ = g„Zz¨ÿyav (1930) - wÎkv‡ji Kvwnbx ⇒ bRiæ‡ji ÔbvixÕ KweZvwU Ômvg¨ev`xÕ, Ô`vwi`ªÕ
K = Kz‡nwjKv (1931) KweZvwU wmÜy wn‡jøvj Kve¨MÖ‡‡š’i AšÍ©MZ|
Bb‡mckb wU‡gi D‡`¨v‡M 40 w`‡b 40Zg wewmGm cÖ¯‘wZi cwiKíbv07
wewfbœ †jLK‡`i ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨- cyi¯‹vi |
♦♦♦ cjøxKwe Rmxg D``xb → Ôgn~‡Z©i KweZvÕ (1966) n‡jv Zvi GKwU
(1903-1976) m‡bU msKjb|
→ dwi`cy‡ii Zv¤^yjLvbv MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| → wmivRyg gybxivÕ (1952) Ab¨Zg Kve¨MÖš’ |
Kei KweZvwU 118 jvB‡bi K‡jøvj cwÎKvq
cÖKvwkZ nq, ivLvwj Kve¨MÖ‡š’i AšÍ©MZ,GwU kirP›`ª P‡Uªvcva¨vq
gvÎve„Ë Q‡›` iwPZ| (1876-1938)
→ Zvi cÖ_g Kve¨MÖ‡š’i bvg ÔivLvwjÕ (1927)
♦♦♦ ⇒ kirP›`ª P‡Uªvcva¨v‡qi QÙbvg-
Z‡e Zvi †kÖô Kve¨MÖ‡š’i bvg - ÔbKkx Kuv_vi
ÔAciv‡Rq K_vwkíx, Awbjv †`ex|
gvVÕ Gi Bs‡iwR Abyev` K‡i‡Qb wgj‡dvW©
ÔThe Field of Embroidered Quilt’ bv‡g ⇒ Zvi †kÖô + AvZœRxebxg~jK Dcb¨vm –
kÖxKvšÍ, evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i †kÖô wK‡kvi PwiÎ G
→ gvwUi Kvbœv, Ôgv †h Rbbx Kv‡›`Õ n‡jv Dcb¨v‡mi|
Kve¨MÖš’ Zvi&
→ cÙvcvo, ‡e‡`i †g‡q,cjøxeay n‡jv Zvi G Dcb¨v‡mi weLªvZ Dw³ Ò eo †cÖg ïay Kv‡QB
weL¨vZ bvUK| Uv‡b bv, `~‡iI †V‡j †`qÓ
→ Zvi GKgvÎ Dcb¨vm n‡jv- Ô†evev KvwnbxÓ
♦♦♦ cÖg_ †PŠayix ⇒ Zvi cÖ_g Dcb¨vm Ô eow`w`Õ (1913)
(1868-1946)
⇒ QÙbvg - exiej,bxj‡jvwnZ, wZwb Rxe‡b ⇒ Ôc‡_i `vexÕ (1926) Dcb¨vmwU miKvi
S¨vVvwg, mvwn‡Z¨ b¨vKvwg mn¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb KZ…©K ev‡Rqvß nq|
bvn| ⇒ Zvi Ab¨vb¨ Dcb¨vm –cjøxmgvR , evgy‡bi
⇒ evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ BZvwjq m‡bU+ evsjv M‡`¨ †g‡q, PwiÎnxb, †`e`vm, M„n`vn, `Ëv,
PwjZ fvlvixwZi cÖeZ©b K‡ib wZwb| AiÿYxqv, weivR †eŠ, wecÖ`vm, cwÐZgkvB|
⇒ wZwb meyRcÎ cwÎKv m¤úv`bv K‡ib - ⇒ mv_©K †QvUMí n‡jv – g‡nk (1926) Gi
1914 mv‡j| D‡jøL‡hvM¨ PwiÎ nj- Av‡gbv, g‡nk
⇒ †Zj-byb- jvKox (1906), exie‡ji (lvuo),Mdzi |
nvjLvZvÕ n‡jv Zvi weL¨vZ cÖeÜ| ♦♦♦ kirP›`ª P‡Uªvcva¨v‡qi Dcb¨vm ¸wji PwiÎ g‡b
ivLvi †KŠkj-
⇒ ÒÁv‡bi cÖ`xc †hLv‡bB R¦v‡jv bv †Kb, ♥kªxKvšÍ (4 L‡Ð wef³)
Zvnvi Av‡jv Pviw`‡K Av‡jvK Pviw`‡K QovBqv wUªK- KzivBk
cwo‡eÕÕ Kz = Kzkix
⇒ ÔÔfvlv gvby‡li gyL n‡Z Kj‡gi gy‡L Av‡m, iv = ivRjþx
D‡ëvUv Ki‡Z †M‡j gy‡L ïay Kvwj c‡oÓ B = B›`ªbv_
(fvlvi K_v) k = kÖxKvšÍ
⇒ ÒmywkwÿZ †jvK gvÎB ¯^wkwÿZÓ e– B cov ♣ cjøxmgvR (1916)
wUªK → cjøxi igYx fvj nq|
diiæL Avng` cjøxi = cjøxmgvR
(1918-1974) ig = i‡gk, ejivg
♦♦♦ → diiæL Avng` †K ejv nq g– ymwjg †i‡bmvi Yx = †eYx
Kwe ev Bmjvgx cybRv©Ri‡Yi Kwe| Ω M„n`vn ( 1920)
wUªK- eZ©gv‡b gwng `v Gi myi APj
→ ÔmvZ mvM‡ii gvwSÕ (1944) Zvi weL¨vZ
Kve¨MÖš’, G‡Z 19 wU KweZv i‡q‡Q| gwng → gwng
→ Ôcv‡ÄixÕ (dviwm kã) Zvi GKwU weL¨vZ `v → M„n`vn
KweZv| myi → my‡ik
→ †bŠ‡dj I nv‡ZgÕ (1961) GwU Kve¨bvU¨ APj → APjv
→ Ônv‡ZgZvB (1966) Gi Rb¨ Av`gRx
Bb‡mckb wU‡gi D‡`¨v‡M 40 w`‡b 40Zg wewmGm cÖ¯‘wZi cwiKíbv08
♥ †`bv-cvIbv- 1923 ⇒ fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi wfwˇZ iwPZ Zvi
√dvu`-iwe VvKz‡ii (‡QvUMí) Dcb¨v‡mi bvg - ÔAv‡iK dvêybÕ (1968)
†KŠkj- †`bv-cvIbv wn‡m‡e wRwbl `vI ⇒ Ôeid Mjv b`xÕ (1969) Zvi GKwU weL¨vZ
Rx ⇒ Rxebvb›` Dcb¨vm|
wb ⇒ wbg©j ⇒ Pjw”‡Îi bvg-
l ⇒ †lvokx ÔKL‡bv Av‡mwb, †mvbvi KvRj, Kv‡Pi †`qvj,
◊ †k‡li cwiPq m½g. evnvbv , †eûjv, Av‡bvqviv,
(1939)- Amgvß Dcb¨vm Bs‡iwR Qwe- ÔLet there be Light’
‡KŠkj- †k‡l cwiPq w`ev mevi ÔRxeb n‡Z †bqvÕ (1970) - GwU fvlv
m = mweZv Av‡›`vj‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i wbwg©Z Pjw”PÎ|
ev = evey ⇒ Zvi GKwU weL¨vZ MíMÖš’- m~h©MÖnY (1955)
i = igYx
†QvUMí-
⇒ gw›`i –cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ Mí, GRb¨ wZwb ‰mq` kvgmyj nK
KzšÍjxb cyi¯‹vi cvb| (1935-2016)
⇒ wejvmx –(1920) , G M‡íi weL¨vZ PwiÎ ♦♦♦ ⇒ wZwb 27 wW‡m¤^i 1935 mv‡j KzwoMÖv‡g
n‡jv- b¨vov, g„Zz¨Äq, wejvmx| mngiY Gi Rb¥MÖnb K‡ib, 27 †mÞ¤^i 2016 mv‡j gviv
D‡jøL Av‡Q G M‡í| hvb| Zv‡K ejv nh me¨mvPx †jLK|
⇒ Zvi GKwU weL¨vZ cÖeÜ n‡jv- Ôbvixi g~j¨Õ
(1920) hv wZwb Abxjv †`ex QÙbv‡g ⇒ Zvi Dcb¨vm ¸wj g‡b ivLvi †KŠkj-
wj‡L‡Qb|
wUªK - kvgmy †`qvj n‡Z Zievix wb‡jv, wewei
Avj gvngy` (¸iZ¡c~Y© †jLK) mv‡_ †L‡j ‡M‡jv....
(1936-2019) (†KvcvKzwc-e¨wZnvi eûeªxwn).....
♦♦♦ Rb¥ ⇒ 11 RyjvB 1936 mv‡j eªvþYevwoqv
†Rjvi †gvovB‡j| cÖK…Z bvg- gxi Avãym kvKzi kvgmy = kvgmyi ingvb
Avj gvngy`| g„Zz¨- 15 †deªæqvwi 2019 mv‡j| †`qvj = †`qv‡ji †`k (cÖ_g Dcb¨vm)
⇒ Zvi cÖ_g Kve¨MÖš’ n‡jv- †jvK ‡jvKvšÍi Zievix = Zzwg †mB Zievix
(1963), Z‡e Zvi weL¨vZ Kve¨MÖš’ nj- wb‡jv = wbwl× †jvevb, bxj `skb
Ô†mvbvjx KvwebÕ (1973) wewei = Avqbv wewei cvjv
†L‡j = †Ljvivg †L‡j hv
⇒ Ôcvb‡KŠwoi i³Õ n‡jv Zvi weL¨vZ- MíMÖš’
⇒ weL¨vZ KweZv Ô‡bvjKÕ – Avgvi gv‡qi ⇒ Kve¨bvU¨ g‡b ivLvi †KŠkj-
†mvbvi †bvjK nvwi‡q †Mj †k‡l...Õ wUªK- kvgcvb (‡bŠKv)
⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm n‡jv- WvûKx (1992) kvg = kvgmyi ingvb
Dcgnv‡`k (1993), Av¸‡bi †g‡q (1995) cv = cv‡qi AvIqvR cvŠqv hvq
b = byiæj`x‡bi mviv Rxeb
Rwni ivqnvb kvgmyi ingvb
(1935-1972) ⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ M‡íi bvg -
♦♦♦ ⇒ Zvi cÖK…Z bvg - Avey Ave`vi †gvnv¤§` Zvm (1954)
Rwniæjøvn, WvKbvg- Rvdi| Avb‡›`i g„Zz¨ -(1967)
⇒ Zvi cÖ_g Dcb¨vm - Ô†kl we‡K‡ji ‡g‡qÕ i³ †Mvjvc (1964)
(1960) ⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ Kve¨MÖš’-
⇒ ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ (1964) Zvi †kÖô GK`v GK iv‡R¨ (1961)
Dcb¨vm, Gi Rb¨ wZwb Av`gwR cyi¯‹vi jvf civ‡bi Mnxb wfZi (1980) AvÂwjK
K‡ib| fvlvixwZ‡Z iwPZ|
Bb‡mckb wU‡gi D‡`¨v‡M 40 w`‡b 40Zg wewmGm cÖ¯‘wZi cwiKíbv09

ûgvq~b Avn‡g` kIKZ Imgvb

(1948-2012) (1917-1998)
♦♦♦ ⇒ wZwb 13 b‡f¤^i 1948 mv‡j KzZzecyi MÖv‡g ♦♦♦ ⇒ Zvi cÖK…Z bvg- †kL AvwRRyi ingvb
Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| †QvU †ejvq bvg wQj kvgmyi ⇒ Zvi iwPZ gyw³hy‡×i Dcb¨vm ¸wj g‡b
ingvb, WvK bvg KvRj | 29 RyjvB 2012 ivLvi †KŠkj-
mv‡j gviv hvb, bynvkcwjø‡Z mgvwnZ Kiv nq| wUªK- Rv‡b `yB †dvUv Rj †` kIKZ.....
⇒ Zvi gyw³hy×wfwËK Dcb¨vm g‡b ivLvi Rv = Rvnvbœvg n‡Z we`vq -1971
†KŠkj- ‡b = †bK‡o AiY¨ -1973
`yB = `yB ˆmwbK
wUªK- AvR ïwb k¨vgj, †mŠif I Awb‡ji gyw³i Rj = Rjv½x -1974
w`b | kIKZ = kIKZ Imgvb
Av = Av¸‡bi cikgwY ⇒ Zvi Ab¨vb¨ Dcb¨vm ¸wj g‡b ivLvi †KŠkj
R = †Rvmbv I Rbbxi Mí wUªK -Rbbxi nvwm‡Z Av`g kšÍv‡bi AvZ©bv`
wb = wbe©vmb _v‡Kbv
k¨vgj = k¨vgj Qvqv Rbbx = Rbbx (1962)
†mŠif = †mŠif dvu` - Rbbx (1935-Dcb¨vm)- gvwbK
Awb‡ji = Awbj evMPxi GKw`b e‡›`¨vcva¨vq
w`b = m~‡h©i w`b nvwm == µxZ`v‡mi nvwm (1962)- ZvZvix
⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm- Av`g = ewb Av`g (1943)
♥bw›`Z bi‡K (1970) k = kIKZ Imgvb
♥k•Lbxj KvivMvi (1973) AvZ©bv` = AvZ©bv` (1985-fvlv Av‡›`vjb
♥GBme w`bivwÎ wfwËK)
♥Avgvvi Av‡Q Rj ⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ MíMªš’-
♥‡MŠwicyi Rskb ♣wcuRiv‡cvj (1950)
♥ †`qvj (me©‡kl-2012) ♥Rb¥ hw` Ze e‡½ - (1975-gyw³hy×wfwËK)
♦Ck^‡ii cÖwZØ›Øx (wdwjcm cyi¯‹vi jvf)
⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ bvUK- ⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ cÖeÜ- ms¯‹…wZi PovB DrivB
AvR iweevi ⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ bvUK –
e„nbœjv wUªK - ‡kvb Kwe R‡b¥i gvgjvi Zj c~Y© KuvK‡i
wngy fiv......
bÿ‡Îi ivZ ‡kvb = kIKZ Imgvb
⇒ me©‡kl Pjw”PÎ- †NUzcyÎ Kgjv (2012) Kwe = evM`v‡`i Kwe
R‡b¥i = Rb¥- Rb¥všÍi
‡mwjbv †nv‡mb gvgjvi = Avgjvi gvgjv
Zj = Z¯‹i I j¯‹i
♦♦♦ †mwjbv †nv‡m‡bi weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm- c~Y© = c~b© ¯^vaxbZv I P~Y© ¯^vaxbZv
⇒ R‡jv”Q¡vm (1972) KuvK‡i = KuvKi gwb
♦nv½i b`x †MÖ‡bW (1976)-gyw³hy‡×i
cUf~wg‡Z iwPZ|
♦‡cvKv gvK‡oi emwZ (1986)- Øx‡ci
Kvwnbx
♦KvuUvZv‡ii cÖRvcwZ (1998)- gyw³hy‡×i
cUf~wg‡Z iwPZ, 11 bs †m±i Gi Awab bvix
gyw³‡hv×v Zvivgb wewei (1 wW‡m¤^i 2018)
K_v G‡m‡Q|
♦ Zvi Îqx Dcb¨vm- Mv‡qÎx mÜv (3 L‡Ð)
Bb‡mckb wU‡gi D‡`¨v‡M 40 w`‡b 40Zg wewmGm cÖ¯‘wZi cwiKíbv010
Rxebvb›` `vk
(1899-1954)
♦♦♦
⇒ Rxebvb›` `vk 17 †deªæqvwi 1899 mv‡j
ewikv‡j Rb¥MÖnb K‡ib| weL¨vZ Kwe
KzmygKzgvix `vk n‡jb Zvi gv | wZwb
cÂcvЇei GKRb| 22 v‡±vei 1954 mv‡j
gviv hvb |
⇒ Zv‡K ejv nq-
wZwgi nb‡bi Kwe, wbR©bZvi Kwe,
a~miZvi Kwe, iæcmx evsjvi Kwe |
⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ Kve¨MÖš’ g‡b ivwL †KŠk‡j-
wUªK- Rxe‡bi cvÐzwjwc S‡i ci‡j c„w_ex‡Z
ebjZv †mb†K mvZ †ejvI Luy‡R cv‡e bv....
Rxe‡bi = Rxebvb›` `vk
cvÐzwjwc = a~mi cvÐzwjwc (1936)
S‡i = Siv cvjK (cÖ_g- 1927)
c„w_ex‡Z = gnvc„w_ex (1944)
ebjZv †mb = ebjZv †mb (1942)
mvZ = mvZwU Zvivi wZwgi
†ejvI = †ejv A‡ejv Kvj‡ejv (1961)
⇒ Zvi Dcb¨vm ¸wj g‡b ivwL-
wUªK- Rxe‡b gv‡ji myK `iKvi (w_sK cwRwUf)
Rxe‡b = Rxebvb›` `vk
gv‡ji = gvj¨evb (1973)
my = myZx_© (1974)
K = Kj¨vYx (1999)
⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ KweZv-
♥ebjZv †mb
♦Avevi Avwme wd‡i (iæcmx evsjv)
♣evsjvi Zx‡i-
⇒ iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi Rxebvb›` `vk Gi KweZv
¸‡jA †K ÔwPÎiƒcgqÕ KweZv e‡j‡Qb
⇒ Rxebvb›` `vk ÔKweZvi K_vÕ cÖe‡Ü
e‡j‡Qb Ò mK‡jB Kwe bb, †KD †KD KweÓ
gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq
(1908-1956)
♦♦♦ ⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm ¸wj g‡b ivLvi
†KŠkj-
wUªK- Rbbx kn‡ii `vgx nvmcvZv‡j w`evivwÎ
Av‡ivM¨ jvf Kivi ci gvwbK I gvwS †K
Awnsmvg~jK BwZK_v ejj....
Rbbx = Rbbx (1935- cÖ_g Dcb¨vm)
kn‡ii = kniZjx, kniev‡mi BwZK_v
`vgx = †mvbvi †P‡q `vgx
w`evivwÎ = w`evivwÎi Kve¨ (1935)
Av‡ivM¨ = Av‡ivM¨ (1953)
ci = BwZK_vi c‡ii K_v
gvwbK = gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq
gvwS = cÙv b`xi gvwS
(1936- †MŠZg †Nvl Qwe ‰Zwi K‡i‡Qb)
Awnsmv = Awnsmv (1941)
BwZK_v = cyZzj bv‡Pi BwZK_v (1936)
⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ MíMÖš’-
♥ AZmx gvgx I Ab¨vb¨ Mí (1935)
♦ ‡QvU eKzjcy‡ii hvÎx (1949)
Ω ‡hme †jLK‡`i 2/4 Uv Z_¨ Rvb‡j n‡e| †m¸wj wb‡P
Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv-
♦♦♦ Av‡bvqvi cvkv- ivB‡dj-‡ivwU-AvIivZ
(1973- gyw³hy× wfwËK Dcb¨vm)
♦♦♦ kvn Avãyj Kwig -mvwnZ¨ wKkvi`
♦♦♦ A‰ØZ gjøeg©Y- wZZvm GKwU b`xi bvg
♦♦♦ Avãyj Mvddvi †PŠayix- cjvkx †_‡K avbgÛx
(Mvav = Mvddvi, av = avbgÛx)
⇒ Mvb -Avgvi fvB‡qi i‡³ ivOv‡bv GKz‡k...
♦♦♦ Avãy j gvbœvb ˆmq`-
QÙbvg ⇒ ÔA‡kvK ˆmq`Õ
♦♦♦ Avãyjøvn Avj gvgyb-
myePb wbev©m‡b (bvUK)
♦♦♦ Avey BmvnvK-
⇒ m~h©`xNj evwo (1955) 2q wek^ hy× +
cÂv‡ki gbš^šÍi Gi DcRxe¨ welq| PwiÎ-
Rq¸b,nvmy , gvqgybv|
⇒ cÙvi cwjØxc- (1986)
♦♦♦ Avey Rvdi Ievq`yjøvn-
⇒ ÕAvwg wKse`šÍxi K_v ejwQÕ
⇒ gv‡Mv Iiv e‡j ( Kzg‡ov dz‡j dz‡j by‡q
c‡o‡Q jZvUv, mR‡b WvUvq f‡i †M‡Q MvQUv)
Bb‡mckb wU‡gi D‡`¨v‡M 40 w`‡b 40Zg wewmGm cÖ¯‘wZi cwiKíbv011
♦♦♦ Avey Rvdi kvgmyÏxb- ♦♦♦ Gm. Iqv‡R` Avjx
⇒ gyw³ (Dcb¨vm) ⇒ Zvi GKwU weL¨vZ cÖe‡Üi bvg -fwel¨‡Zi
(dvu` -KvRx bRiæ‡ji cÖ_g KweZv) evOvwjÕ
⇒ cÙv- †gNbv – hgybv (Dcb¨vm) ⇒ Zvi GKwU weL¨vZ Dcb¨v‡mi bvg- ÔMÖvbvWvi
wUªK = hgR (hgybv= h , ‡gNbv= g,Rvdi = R †kl exiÕ (1940)
⇒ †`qvj = Dcb¨vm ♦♦♦ AvLZviæ¾vgvb Bwjqvm
dvu` -ûgvq~b Avn‡g‡`i Dcb¨vm (me©‡kl) ⇒ ÔwP‡j †KvVvi †mcvBÕ n‡jv 69Õ
♥ Îqx Dcb¨vm MYAf~¨Ìv‡bi cUf~wg‡Z †jLv weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm|
wUªK = fvR Ki
fv = fvIqvj M‡oi DcvL¨vb ⇒ Ô†LvqvebvgvÕ Zvi weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm
R = Avey Rvdi, cÙv-‡gNbv-hgybv (q)
Ki = msKi msKxZ©b ⇒ Ô`y‡a fv‡Z DrcvZÕ Zvi GKwU weL¨vZ
♦♦♦ Aveyj gbmyi Avng`- MíMÖš’|
⇒ Avgvi †`Lv ivRbxwZi cÂvk eQi (1969) ⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ Mí n‡jv- Ôwgwji nv‡Z
⇒ †k‡i evsjv †_‡K e½eÜz (1972) †÷bMvbÕ, Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ |
⇒ Rxebÿzav (Dcb¨vm) ⇒ Ôms¯‹…wZi fvOv‡mZzÕ Zvi weL¨vZ cÖeÜ
duv`- bRiæ‡ji g„Zz¨ÿzav (Dcb¨vm-1930) msKjb
♦♦♦ Avnmvb nvexe- ♦♦♦ ⇒ Ôû‡Zvgc¨vuPv ejv nq- KvjxcÖmbœ wmsn †K
⇒ Ai‡Y¨i bxxjgv (1962), Rvdivbx is ♦♦♦ KzmygKzgvix `vk
cvqiv n‡jv Zvi 2wU weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm| Ôe„wó ⇒ wZwb n‡jb- Rxebvb›` `v‡ki gv
c‡o Uvcyi UzcyiÕ Zvi &ªKwU weL¨vZ wkï mvwnZ¨ ⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ KweZv n‡jv -ÔAv`k© ‡Q‡jÕ
(Avgv‡`i †`‡k n‡e †mB †Q‡j K‡e..)
♦♦♦ Avng` kixd ♦♦♦ K…òP›`ª gRyg`vi
(1921-1999) ⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ Dw³-
⇒ Zvi GKwU weL¨vZ mvwnZ¨Kg© n‡jv – Ôwek
kZ‡Ki evOvwjÕ (1998) | Ò‡Kb cvš’! ÿvšÍ nI †nwi `xN©c_,D`¨g wen‡b
⇒ wZwb Ô evsjv GKv‡Wwgi mswÿß evsjv Kvi cy‡i g‡bvi_?....
AwfavbÕ Gi m¤úv`K wQ‡jb|
⇒ wZwb gviv hvb 1999 mv‡j| ⇒ Ò‡h Rb w`e‡m g‡bi ni‡l R¦vjvq †gv‡gi
♦♦♦ Avng` Qdv evwZ, AvïM„‡n Zvi †`wL‡e bv Avi wbkx‡Z
(1943-2001) cª`xc evwZÓ
⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm ¸wj n‡jv- AjvZPµ
(gyw³hy× wewËK),Mvfx e„ËvšÍ, A‡a©K bvix ⇒ ÒwPimyLxRb å‡g wK KLb, e¨w_Z‡e`b
A‡a©K Bk^ix | eywS‡Z cv‡i| Kx hvZbv we‡l, eywS‡e †m wK‡m
⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ cÖeÜ n‡jv- RvMÖZ evsjv‡`k Kfz Avkxwe‡l `s‡kwb hv‡i|Ó
(1971), †kL gywReyi ingvb I Ab¨vb¨ ♦♦♦ ‡Mvjvg †gv¯Ídv
(1989) h`¨wc Avgvi ¸iæ (1997) (1897-1964)
♦♦♦ AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv` Zvi Dcvwa n‡jv- ÔKve¨ myavKiÕ
(1932-2009) ⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ Kve¨MÖš’ n‡jv- Ôi³ivMÕ
⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm n‡jv- Ô †ZBk b¤^i ,‡Lvk‡ivR, mvnviv, nvmbv‡nbv,eyjeywj¯Ívb, ewb
Pjw”PÎÕ (1960) ,ÿzav I Avkv (1964) Av`gÕ
⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ KweZv n‡jv ÔgvbwPÎÕ ⇒ Zvi RxebxMÖš’- Ôwek^bex, Ôgiæ`yjvjÕ
⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ bvU‡Ki bvgÔ wnRj Kv‡Vi ♦♦♦ ⇒ cÖev‡mi w`b¸‡jv (1992) n‡jv-Rvnvbviv
†bŠKvÕ Bgvg Gi iPbv|
♦♦♦ ⇒ GgAvi AvLZvi gyKzj Gi weL¨vZ MÖš’ Ô ⇒ ÔGKvˇii w`b¸wjÕ n‡jv gyw³hy‡×i
Avwg weRq †`‡LwQÕ cUf~wg‡Z iwPZ Zvi ¯§„wZPviYg~jK MÖš’|
Bb‡mckb wU‡gi D‡`¨v‡M 40 w`‡b 40Zg wewmGm cÖ¯‘wZi cwiKíbv012
♦♦♦
Zvivk¼i e‡›`vcva¨vq
⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm ¸wj n‡jv-
ÔavÎx‡`eZv, RjmvNi, Kwe, MY‡`eZv,
cÂMÖvgÕ, nvmywj euv‡Ki DcK_vÕ, GKwU Kv‡jv
†g‡qi K_v (gyw³hy‡×i cUf~wg‡Z iwPZ)
⇒ Zvi Îqx Dcb¨vm n‡jv-
g‡b ivLvi wUªK- avMc = (avÎx‡`eZv 1939,
MY‡`eZv 1942, cÂMÖvg 1943)
♦♦♦ Zvnwggv Avbvg
⇒ Zvnwggv Avbvg Gi Îqx Dcb¨vm-
ÔG †Mv‡ìb GR, `¨v ¸W gymwjg, `¨ †evbm Ad
†MÖmÕ
♦♦♦ `wÿYviÄb wgÎ
⇒ Zvi QÙbvg - `„wónxb Kwe
⇒ ÔVvKzigvi Szwj, VvKzi`v`vi Szwj, Vvbw`w`i
_‡jÕ n‡jv Zvi weL¨vZ iæcK_vi Mí
♦♦♦ ⇒ evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ PviY Kwe ejv nq -gyKz›``vm
†K
♦♦♦ w؇R›`ªjvj ivq-
⇒ mg‡eZ KÉmsMxZ I evsjv bvU‡K mv_©K
Ø›Øg~jK Pwi‡Îi ¯ªóv wZwb|
⇒ Zvi HwZnvwmK bvUK n‡jv- ZvivevC, ivRv
cÖZvcwmsn,b~iRvnvb,‡gevi cZb, †mvnive
iæ¯Íg (1908),
♥mvRvnvb- m¤ªvU kvnRvnvb †K wb‡q wZwbB
cÖ_g bvUK †j‡Lb| Ôabavb¨ cy‡®ú fiv Avgv‡`i
GB emyÜivÕ G bvU‡Ki Mvb|
knx`yjøvn Kvqmvi
♦♦♦
⇒ mv‡is †eŠ (1962), mskßK (1965)- Zvi
weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm|
⇒ ÔivRe›`xi †ivRbvgPvÕ (1962) n‡jv Zvi-
¯§„wZK_v
duv`- (KvivMv‡ii †ivRbvgPv -†kL gywReyi
ingv‡bi)
♦♦♦ ⇒ ÔKvke‡bi Kb¨vÕ n‡jv-kvgmyÏxb Aveyj
Kvjv‡gi weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm
♦♦♦ kvgmyi ingvb
(1929-2006)
⇒ cvovZjx MÖv‡g Rb¥MnY K‡ib| wZwb
ÔgRjyg Avw`e ev wecbœ †jLKÕ KweZv wj‡L‡Qb
⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ Kve¨- cÖ_g Mvb wØZxq g„Zz¨i
Av‡MÕ, weaŸ¯Í bxwjgv, e›`x wkwei n‡ZÕ,
evsjv‡`k ¯^cœ `¨v‡L, BKviæ‡mi AvKvk, D™¢U
D‡Vi wc‡V Pj‡Q ¯^‡`kÕ
⇒ Zvi Dcb¨vm ¸wj g‡b ivLvi †KŠkj-
wUªK- Awb GKUvq G‡jv
A = A‡±vcvm
wb = wbqZ gšÍvR
GK = A™¢zZ Auvavi GK
G‡jv = G‡jv †m A‡ejvq
⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ KweZv- Avmv‡`i kvU©, ¯^vaxbZv
Zzwg I Ô‡Zvgv‡K cvIqvi Rb¨ ¯^vaxbZv
⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ wkï‡Zvl eB- GjvwUs †ejvwUs,
avb fvO‡j Kz‡ovu w`e|
♦♦♦ kvn Ave`yj Kwig-
⇒ Zv‡K ejv nq- evDj m¤ªvU| Zvi RbwcÖq
wKQz Mvb-
♦Ôem‡šÍ evZv‡m mB‡Mv em‡šÍ evZv‡m,‡Zvgv
evwo dz‡ji MÜ Avgvi evwo Av‡m-
♦ Ò Av‡M wK my›`i wb KvUvBZvg....Õ
♦ Ò‡Kvb wgw¯Íwi bvI evbvB‡Q...
♦ ÒMvwo P‡j bv P‡j bv‡i.....
♦ mLw KzÄ mvRvI †Mv...
♦ iO Gi `ywbqv Z‡i Pvq bv...
♦♦♦ ‡kL dRjyj Kwig-
⇒ Zvi Dcvwa- ÔmvwnZ¨wekvi`Õ
⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm- ÔjvBjx gRbyÕ (1904)
⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ Dw³- Ò‡Kv_vq ¯^M© †Kv_vq biK
†K e‡j Zv eû`~i, gvby‡liB gv‡S ¯^M© biK
gvby‡l‡Z myivmyiÓ
mÄxe P‡Uªvcva¨vq
♦♦♦
⇒ evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i cÖ_g ågYKvwnbx wZwbB
wj‡L‡Qb- cvjv‡gŠ
⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ Dw³- Òe‡biv e‡b my›`i ,wkïiv
gvZ…‡µv‡oÓ
♦♦♦ m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `Ë
⇒ Zv‡K ejv nq- Q‡›`i hv`yKi
⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ Kve¨MÖš’- Kzû I †KKv
⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ KweZv- Ô‡g_iÕ- dviwm kã
♦♦♦ myKvšÍ fÆvPvh©
(1926-1947)
⇒ †MvcvjM‡Äi †KvUvwjcvovq Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib
| Zv‡K ejv nq - wK‡kvi Kwe
⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ Kve¨MÖš’-
QvocÎ (1947), Nyg ‡bB (1950),c~ev©fvm
(1950),wg‡VKov (1951),Awfhvb (1953)
niZvj (1962) |
Bb‡mckb wU‡gi D‡`¨v‡M 40 w`‡b 40Zg wewmGm cÖ¯‘wZi cwiKíbv013
wUªK- c‡Î Kov niZvj I Awfhv‡bi c~ev©fvm ♦♦♦
†c‡q Nyg‡bB myKv‡šÍi... ‰mq` Avjx Avnmvb
c‡Î = QvocÎ (1922-2002)
Kov = wg‡VKov ⇒ evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq msMx‡Zi Bs‡iwR
niZvj = niZvj Avbyev`K wZwb| ÔBwWcvmÕ Zvi Abyev` MÖš’|
Awfh‡bi = Awfhvb ⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ Kve¨MÖš’-
c~ev©fvm = c~ev©fvm ♦GKK mÜvq emšÍ (1964)
myKvšÍ= myKvšÍ fÆvPvh©
♦A‡bK AvKvk (1959)
♦♦♦ mywdqv Kvgvj
(1911-1999) ♦mnmv mPwKZ (1965)
⇒ Zv‡K ejv nq- Rbbx mvnwmKv ♦♦♦
‰mq` BmgvBj †nv‡mb wmivRx
⇒ Zvi cÖ_g M‡íi bvg - ÔˆmwbK ea~Õ
⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm ¸wj g‡b ivwL-
⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ Kve¨- wUªK- ivRv b~‡ii wdZv
mvu‡Si gvqv (1938-cÖ_g), gvqv KvRj iv = ivqbw›`bx
(1955), gb I Rxeb (1957), D`vË c„w_ex Rv = Rvnvbviv
(1964), AwfhvwÎK (1969) b~‡ii = b~iDwÏb
⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ M‡íi bvg - †Kqvi KvuUv wd = wd‡ivRv †eMg
(1937) Zv = ZvivevC
⇒ Zvi gyw³hy×wfwËK ¯§„wZK_v- ÔGKvˇii
Wv‡qix ⇒ ˆmq` BmgvBj †nv‡mb wmivRx Gi weL¨vZ
⇒ Zvi weL¨wvZ 2wU KweZv n‡jv- Zvnv‡iB Kve¨-AbjcÖevn hv e„wUk miKvi KZ…©K ev‡Rqvß
c‡o g‡bÕ, iæcmx evsjv (Av‡Mi ¯^vgx bvwK- nq|
nvnv)
♦♦♦ ‰mq` gyRZev Avjx ⇒ Zvi iwPZ gnvKve¨ Gi bvg -‡¯úbweRq
(1904-1974) Kve¨
⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm- ♦♦♦
Awek^vm¨ (1954), kebg (1960) ‰mq` IqvjxDjøvn
⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ †QvUMí- PvPv Kvwnbx 1952) (1922-1971)
Uzwb‡gg (1963) ⇒ Zvi iwPZ Dcb¨vm –
⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ Mí-im‡Mvjøv, a~cQvqv,ivRv ♥jvjmvjy (1948) – GwU Bs‡iwR‡Z Ab~w`Z
DwRi nq-‘Tree without Roots’
⇒ Zvi ig¨iPbv- cÂZš¿, gq~iKÉx ♥w` AvMwj Gwkqvb- 1968
♦♦♦ ‡mwjg Avj `xb ♥ Puv‡`i Agvem¨v - 1964
⇒ ÔMÖvg w_‡qUviÕ Gi cÖwZôvZv wZwb| ♥ Kv‡`v b`x Kuv‡`v - 1968
⇒ Zvi bvU¨MÖš’ g‡b ivLvi †KŠkj- ♥ wkg wKfv‡e ivbœv Ki‡Z nq-
wUªK- evgyb n‡q kKzšÍjvi gb ‡K û`vB cvIqvi
Rb¨ wKËb ni (ewikvBjøv fvlv) bv ⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ †QvUM‡íi bvg -bqbPviv
fvj‡e‡m...... (1951)
ev = evmb
⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ bvUK-
gyb = gybZvwmi d¨v›Uvmx
wUªK- cxi myo½ Iqvj †f‡½ DRv‡b Gj
kKzšÍjvi = kKzšÍjv
gb = ‰heZx Kb¨vi gb
cxi = ewýcxi (1960),
‡K = ‡KivgZg½j
myo½ = myo½
û`vB = nvZn`vB
Iqvj = IqvjxDjøvn
cvIqvi = ebcvsïi
‡f‡½ = Zi½f½
wKËb = wKËb‡Lvjv
DRv‡b = DRv‡b g„Zz¨
ni = niMR
Bb‡mckb wU‡gi D‡`¨v‡M 40 w`‡b 40Zg wewmGm cÖ¯‘wZi cwiKíbv014
⇒ Zvi iwPZ Îqx Db¨vm-
gybxi †PŠayix ◊ `wÿbvq‡Yi w`b (1985Ñ``
(1925-1971) ♥ K~jvq Kvj‡¯ªvZ (1986) = KK
⇒ gywbi AcwUgvÕ bvgK UvBcivBUvi Avwe®‹viK ♦ c~e©ivwÎ c~e©w`b (1986) = cc
⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ bvUK- ( g‡b ivLyb-kIKZ Gi Wvej Aÿi)
Kei - fvlv Av‡›`vjb wfwËK (i‡Yk `vk¸‡ßi ♦♦♦
Aby‡iv‡a wj‡Lb) gvgybyi ikx`
⇒ i³v³ cÖvšÍi- cvwbc‡_i 3q hy× (1761) ⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ bvUK -
Ôgvbyl g‡i †M‡j c‡P hvq ,‡e‡P _vK‡j e`jvqÕ ♥Iiv K`g Avjx (1978)
⇒ Abyev` bvUK- ♦Bewjk (1982)
♥ gyLiv igYx ekxKiY- ÔShakespeare
♦♦♦
taming of the Srew’ weò †`-
♥ ⇒ wZwb cÂcvЇei GKRb| Zvi weL¨vZ
♦♦♦ b~ij †gv‡gb Kve¨MÖ‡š’i bvg n‡jv-
⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ bvUK- De©kx I A‡U©wgm -1933
♥‡b‡gwmm (1948) ‡Pvivevwj -1937
♣iæcvšÍi (1947) (duv`- †Pv‡Li evwj iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi D
– cb¨vm)
♦bqv Lv›`vb (1962) ♦♦♦
⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ ig¨iPbv nj- wns wUs QU myax›`ªbv_ `Ë
♦♦♦ ⇒ Zvi mvwnZ¨Kg© g‡b ivwL
bexbP›`ª †mb Amvay-
⇒ Zvi Îqx Dcb¨vm- Kz PwiÎ cÖfvi A = A‡K©óªv (1935)
Ky = Kziæ‡ÿÎ (18930 mvay = myax›`ªbv_ `Ë
cÖfv = cÖfvm (1896) ♦♦♦
i = ‰ieZK (1887) Agxq PµeZx©
(bv‡gi mv‡_ wg‡j Kó cv‡eb bvn) (1901-1986)
♦♦♦ wUªK ⇒ PµeZx© Lmov gvwUi †`qv‡j †kl
wbg©‡j›`y ¸Y (1945-) Dcnvi Agi (Pxi) B‡gR ˆZwi Ki‡jv AvswU
⇒ Zv‡K ejv Ôevsjv‡`‡ki Kwe‡`i KweÕ e`‡j cvivcvi nIqvq..
PµeZx© = Agxq PµeZx©
⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ Kve¨MÖš’-
Lmov = Lmov
⇒ †cÖgvsïi i³ PvB (1970) gvwUi †`qv‡j = gvwUi †`qvj
bv †cÖwgK bv wecøex (1972) †kl = Awbt‡kl
‰P‡Îi fvjevmv (1975) Dcnvi = Dcnvi
Pvlvf~lvi Kve¨ (1981) Agi = AgiveZx
evsjvi gvwU evsjvi Rj (1978) B‡gR = cyw¯úZ B‡gR
⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ KweZv - e`‡j = cvjve`j
♥ûwjqv (Avwg hL evwo‡Z †cŠuQjyg ZLb `ycyi) cvivcvi = cvivcvi
♣¯^vaxbZv GB kãwU wKfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jv| ♦♦♦
♦♦♦ eyׇ`e emy
kIKZ Avjx ⇒ wZwb cÂcvЇei GKRb| Zvi weL¨vZ
⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm- Kve¨MÖ‡š’i bvg n‡jv-
◊ wc½j AvKvk (1964) ♥gg©evYx (1925)
♦ÔhvÎvÕ -1976 (gyw³hy‡×i cUf~wg‡Z iwPZ) (duv` -hyMevYx- cÖeÜ K– vRx bRiæj Bmjv‡gi)
♥cÖ‡`v‡l cÖvK…ZRb (1984) ♥e›`xi e›`bv (1930) -2Uv‡Z Wvej e Av‡Q
Iqvwik (1989) eyׇ`e emy = e›`xi e›`bv
Dˇii †Lc (1992) (duv`- Rxeb e›`bv- KweZv-KvRx bRiæj)
Bb‡mckb wU‡gi D‡`¨v‡M 40 w`‡b 40Zg wewmGm cÖ¯‘wZi cwiKíbv015
⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ cÖeÜ- nUvr Av‡jvi SjKvwb
(1935)

⇒ Zvi Dcb¨vm g‡b ivLvi †KŠkj-

wUªK -wZw_ wbR©‡b mvov †`q wb...
wZw_ = wZw_‡Wvi (1949)
wbR©‡b = wbR©b ¯^vÿi (1951)
mvov = mvov (cÖ_g- 1930)
♦♦♦ bxwjgv Beªvwng
⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm- Ôwek kZ‡Ki †g‡q
⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ K_vbvU¨- Avwg exiv½bv ejwQ
♦♦♦ ‡gvnv¤§` †gvRv‡¤§j nK
⇒ Zv‡K ejv nq - kvwšÍcy‡ii Kwe
⇒ Zvi m¤úvw`Z cwÎKvi bvg-
Ô†gvm‡jg fviZÕ
‡gvRv‡¤§j Gi = g
‡gvm‡jg Gi = g 2Uv‡Z g Av‡Q
⇒ Zvi weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm - †Rvniv (1929)
♦♦♦ ‡ngP›`ª e‡›`¨vcva¨vq
⇒ Zv‡K ejv nq - evsjvi wgëb
⇒ evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i cÖ_g gnvKve¨ iwPqZv wZwb
| Zvi iwPZ gnvKve¨ n‡jv- Òe„ËmsnviÕ

ÿz`ª cÖ‡Póvq-
†gvt nv‡Qb Avjx

Bb‡mckb cvewj‡Kk‡Ýi eBmg~n

Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷
Bb‡mckb mycvi g‡Wj †U÷ GÛ mvwcø‡g›Uvwi
Bb‡mckb wi‡m›U
Bb‡mckb cøvm 160/-
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