MATH 201

Analytic Geometry
Lecture 2:Circles

Engr. Adriano Mercedes H. Cano Jr.

University of Mindanao
College of Engineering Education
Electronics Engineering

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Lecture Objectives
Upon completion of this chapter, you should be
able to:

 Learn basic concepts about Circle

 Plot a circle base on equation given.
 Solve problems involving equation of a circle

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Outline
 Introduction
 Equation of a circle
 Graphing a circle
 Writing equation of a circle
 Forms of equation of a circle
 Terminologies
 Techniques in solving problems involving
circle
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Circle
 A set of points (locus) which are equidistant
from a fixed point called center. The distance
from the center to any points is called radius

 Two quantities that are

needed to find the
equation of a circle:
 Center
 Radius
Equation of a Circle
centered at (0,0)
Example 1
Determine the center and radius of the given equation of circle.
 Example 2
 Consider the circle below. Fine the
equation of the circle
The center is at the origin To determine the radius:

This leads to the

equation of the circle:
Exercises
 Find the equation of the following circles with
center at the origin and:
 radius √ 3 units
 passing through the point (–5 ; 12)
 passing through ( 1/2 ; 1/2 )

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Equation of a Circle
centered at (h,k)
Example 3
Example 4
Write the standard equation of the circle:
with center at (4, 7) and radius of 5 units

(x – 4)2 + (y – 7)2 = 25
Example 5

Determine its center and radius.

by completing the square and factorize

Solution.
Example 6
Write the standard equation of the circle:
Center (2, -9) Radius of 11

(x – 2)2 + (y + 9)2 = 11
Exercise
 Determine the co-ordinates of the centre of
the circle and the radius for each of the
following:
 (x – 3)2 + (y – 2)2 = 9
 x2 + y2 – x – 2y – 5 = 0
 x2 + y2 + 2x – 6y + 9 = 0
 Write the standard equation of the circle with
center at (-3, 8) and a radius of 6.2 units
Exercise
General Equation of a Circle
 SUMMARY
Circle

x2 + y2 = r2

(x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2
General
Equations Form
Standard Form
Terminologies

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Terminologies

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 Terminologies
• A circumscribed circle or
circumcircle passes through all
vertices of a plane figure and
contains the entire figure in its
interior.
• The center of this circle is
called the circumcenter.

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Notes!!!
 For a polygon, each side of the polygon must
be tangent to the circle.
 All triangles and regular polygons have
circumscribed and inscribed circles.
 The radius of the circle is always
perpendicular to the tangent line

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 Terminologies
• An inscribed circle is the
largest possible circle that can
be drawn on the inside of a
plane figure.
• For a regular polygon, the
inradius (the radius of the
inscribed circle) is called the
apothem.
• A unique circle inscribed to a
For a polygon, each side of the polygon
triangle is called the incircle. must be tangent to the circle. All triangles
and regular polygons have circumscribed
and inscribed circles.
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Problems involving Equation
of a circle
Hints.
 Make a rough sketch of the problem

 Analyze

 Practice
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Points inside, on, outside
a circle
Two Methods
1. Calculate the distance from the center and
compare this distance with the radius
2. Substitute the coordinates into the equations
of the circle.
Example 7

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Excersice

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Intersection of a line and a
circle

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Example 8

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Example 8

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Example 9

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Example 9

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Exercise

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Finding the equation of a
circle: Given 3 points

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Example 10

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Exersice

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Finding the equation of a
circle: Given 2 points and equation of the line

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Example 11

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Example 11

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Cramer’s rule

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Cramer’s rule

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Cramer’s rule

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Cramer’s rule

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Finding the equation of a
circle: Given 2 points and equation of the
tangent at one these points

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Example 12

 Slope of the perpendicular line: - ½

 Equation of the perpendicular line:
 y – (-2) = (-1/2) (x-(-3))
 y+2 = (-1/2) (x+3)
 2y +4 = -x-3
 x+y+7=0
 g+f+7=0 eq1
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Example 12
 (-3,-2) on the circle:
 (3)^2 +(2)^2 +2g(-3)+2f(-2)+c=0
 9+4-6g-4f+c=0
 -6g-4f+c=0 eq 2
 (0,-1) on the circle:
 (0) +(-1) +2g(0)+2f(-1)+c=0
 -2f-1+c=0 eq 3

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Exercise

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Finding the equation of a
circle: Given a radius, a point and equation of
the line

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Example 13

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Example 13

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Exercise

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Equation of a tangent to a
circle at a given point.

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Example 14

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Proving that a line is a tangent
to a circle

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Exercise 15

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Length of a tangent to a circle
from a point outside the circle

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Exercise 16

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Exercise

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Exercise

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Tangents parallel or
perpendicular to a given line

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Example 17

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Equations from a tangent
outside a circle

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Example 18

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Example 18

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