evwigÛj BDwbU

(Hydrosphere) 5
f‚wgKv
c„w_exc„‡ôi †gvU AvqZb 51 †KvwU eM©wK‡jvwgUvi Z¤§‡a¨ Gi cvwb mwÂZ Askmg~n‡K evwigÛj e‡j| GB
evwigÛ‡ji AvqZb cÖvq 36 †KvwU 25 j¶ eM©wK‡jvwgUvi hv f‚-c„‡ôi kZKiv 71 fvM Ry‡o we¯Í…Z i‡q‡Q| DËi
Ges `w¶Y †Mvjv‡a© Avevi evwigÛ‡ji wfbœZv i‡q‡Q| ‡hgb DËi †Mvjv‡a© cvwb ivwki cwigvY 60.7 kZvsk Ges
`w¶Y †Mvjv‡a© cvwb ivwki cwigvY 80.9 kZvsk| evwigÛ‡ji Zj‡`‡ki ˆewPΨc~Y© MVb Ges cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡`i
Rb¨ evwigÛ‡ji cÖwZ gvby‡li AvMÖn e„w× cv‡”Q|

BDwbU mgvwßi mgq BDwbU mgvwßi m‡e©v”P mgq 2 mßvn

GB BDwb‡Ui cvVmg~n
cvV - 5.1 evwigÛ‡ji aviYv
cvV - 5.2 mgy`ª Zj‡`‡ki f‚wgiƒc
cvV - 5.3 mgy`ª †¯ªv‡Zi KviY I djvdj
cvV - 5.4 fviZ gnvmvMixq †¯ªvZ
cvV - 5.5 †Rvqvi-fvUv
I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

cvV-5.1 evwigÛ‡ji aviYv (Concept of Hydrosphere)

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 gnvmvMi, mvMi, DcmvMi I n«‡`i msÁv ej‡Z cvi‡eb;
 gvbwP‡Î gnvmvMi mg~‡ni Ae¯’vb †`Lv‡Z cvi‡eb Ges
 evwigÛ‡ji †kÖwYwefvM e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã evwigÛj, gnvmvMi, mvMi, DcmvMi, n«`|

evwigÛ‡ji aviYv
evwigÛ‡ji Bs‡iwR cÖwZkã Hydrosphere. ÔHydroÕ k‡ãi A_© cvwb Ges ÔsphereÕ k‡ãi A_© gÛj|
c„w_exi mKj ¯’v‡bB evwigÛ‡ji Aw¯ÍZ¡ i‡q‡Q| †hgb-evqygÛ‡j cvwb i‡q‡Q Rjxqev®ú wnmv‡e,
f~-c„‡ô cvwb i‡q‡Q Zij I KwVb Ae¯’vq Ges f~-M‡f© i‡q‡Q
f~-Mf©¯’ Zij cvwb wnmv‡e| c„w_exi †gvU Rjivwki kZKiv 97 mviwY : 5.1.1 Rjivwki Ae¯’vb wfwËK
fvM i‡q‡Q mgy‡`ª| gvÎ 3 fvM i‡q‡Q b`x, wngevn, f‚-Mf©¯’, n«`, kZKiv nvi
g„wËKv RxegÛj I evqygÛ‡j (mviwY 5.1.1)| gnvmvMi, mvMi I
DcmvM‡ii Rjivwk jebv³ Ges b`x, n«` I f‚-M‡f©i cvwb, e„wói Rjwefv‡Mi bvg kZKiv nvi (%)
cvwb I SY©vi cvwb wgVv| mgy`ª 97.25
AvqZb Ges MfxiZvi wfwˇZ evwigÛj‡K PviwU fv‡M fvM Kiv wngevn 2.05
n‡q‡Q| h_v : 1| gnvmvMi (Ocean), 2| mvMi (Sea), 3| f‚-Mf©¯’ cvwb 0.68
DcmvMi (Bay), 4| n«` (Lake)| n«` 0.01
gnvmvMi (Ocean) : Db¥y³ we¯ÍxY© Rjivwk ev cvwbivwk‡K
gnvmvMi (Ocean) e‡j| c„w_ex‡Z †gvU cuvPwU gnvmvMi i‡q‡Q| gvwUi Av`ª©Zv 0.005
h_v: cÖkvšÍgnvmvMi (Pacific Ocean), AvUjvw›UK gnvmvMi evqygÛj 0.001
(Atlantic Ocean), fviZ gnvmvMi (Indian Ocean), DËi b`x 0.0001
gnvmvMi (North Ocean), `w¶Y gnvmvMi (South Ocean) (wPÎ- RxegÛj 0.00004
5.1.1)| gnvmvMimg~‡ni g‡a¨ AvqZb Ges MfxiZvi w`K †_‡K
cÖkvšÍgnvmvMi me‡P‡q eo| Gi AvqZb 16 †KvwU 60 j¶ eM©wK‡jvwgUvi Ges Mo MfxiZv, 4,270 wgUvi|
AvqZ‡bi w`K †_‡K AvUjvw›UK gnvmvM‡ii ¯’vb wØZxq| Gi AvqZb 8 †KvwU 24 j¶ eM©wK‡jvwgUvi Ges
MfxiZvi w`K †_‡K AvUjvw›UK gnvmvM‡ii ¯’vb Z…Zxq| Gi Mo MfxiZv 3,932 wgUvi| fviZ gnvmvMi AvqZb
7 †KvwU 36 j¶ eM©wK‡jvwgUvi| MfxiZvi w`K †_‡K fviZ gnvmvM‡ii ¯’vb wØZxq| fviZ gnvmvM‡ii Mo
MfxiZv 3,962 wgUvi| c„w_exi DËi †giæi Pviw`‡K DËi gnvmvMi i‡q‡Q Gi AvqZb 1 †KvwU 50 j¶
eM©wK‡jvwgUvi Ges MfxiZv 824 wgUvi| `w¶Y †giæ‡Z `w¶Y gnvmvM‡ii AvqZb 1 †KvwU 47 j¶ eM©wK‡jvwgUvi
Ges Gi Mo MfxiZv 149 wgUvi (mviwY 5.1.2)|
mviwY- 5.1.2: gnvmvMimg~‡ni AvqZb, MfxiZv Ges Ae¯’vb
gnvmvMi AvqZb Mo MfxiZv (wgUvi) Ae¯’vb
cÖkvšÍ 16 †KvwU 60 j¶ 4,270 Av‡gwiKv I Gwkqvi ga¨eZ©x
AvUjvw›UK 8 †KvwU 24 j¶ 3,932 Av‡gwiKv, BD‡ivc I Avwd«Kv
fviZ 7 †KvwU 36 j¶ 3,962 Avwd«Kv, fviZ I A‡÷ªwjqv
DËi 1 †KvwU 50 j¶ 824 c„w_exi DËi †Mvjva©
`w¶Y 1 †KvwU 47 j¶ 149 G›UvK©wUKv I 60 `w¶Y A¶vs‡ki ga¨eZ©x Ask

c„ôv # 80 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

f‚‡Mvj I cwi‡ek BDwbU-5

wPÎ- 5.1.1 : c„w_exi gnvmvMimg~‡ni Ae¯’vb

mvMi (Sea) : mvMi n‡”Q gnv‡`‡ki DcK‚jfv‡M gnvmvM‡ii cÖv‡šÍAew¯’Z RjfvM hv cÖvK…wZK f‚-cÖK…wZ Øviv
gnvmvMi †_‡K AvswkKfv‡e wew”Qbœ| ms‡¶‡c gnvmvMi A‡c¶v ¯^í AvqZb wewkó Rjivwk‡K mvMi (Sea) e‡j|
†hgb- Rvcvb mvMi, K¨vwiweqvb mvMi, †jvwnZ mvMi, f‚-ga¨mvMi|
DcmvMi (Bay) : ïaygvÎ GKw`‡K Rj Ges evKx wZbw`K ¯’jfvM Øviv cwi‡ewóZ Rjivwk‡K DcmvMi (Bay)
e‡j| †hgb- †gw·‡Kv DcmvMi, cvim¨ DcmvMi, e‡½vcmvMi|
n«` (Lake) : Pviw`‡K ¯’jfvM Øviv †ewóZ we¯ÍxY© cÖvK…wZK Rjivwk‡K n«` (Lake) e‡j| †hgb- ivwkqvi ˆeKvj
n«`, Avwd«Kvi wf‡±vwiqv n«`| hy³ivóª I KvbvWvi mxgv‡šÍAew¯’Z mywcwiqi n«`|
mZx_© wkLb c×wZ Abyhvqx c„w_exi gvbwP‡Î gnvmvMimg~‡ni Ae¯’vb gvbwPÎ
wk¶v_©xi KvR
wb‡`©kK KvwV w`‡q K¬v‡mi Ab¨vb¨ mZx_©‡`i cÖ`k©b Ki‡eb|

mvims‡¶c
c„w_exi me©Î evwigÛ‡ji Aw¯ÍZ¡ i‡q‡Q| evwigÛ‡ji †gvU Rjivwki 97 fvM i‡q‡Q gnvmvMi, mvMi Ges
DcmvM‡i| evKx gvÎ 3 fvM i‡q‡Q b`x, wngevn, f‚-Mf©¯’, n«`, g„wËKv Ges RxegÛ‡j| AvqZb Ges MfxiZvi
wfwˇZ evwigÛj‡K †gvU PviwU fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| h_v: 1| gnvmvMi (Ocean), 2| mvMi (Sea), 3|
DcmvMi (Bay), 4| n«` (Lake)| Db¥y³ we¯ÍxY© Rjivwk‡K ev cvwbivwk‡K gnvmvMi e‡j| c„w_ex‡Z †gvU cuvPwU
gnvmvMi i‡q‡Q : h_v : cÖkvšÍ, AvUjvw›UK, fviZ, DËi I `w¶Y gnvmvMi| mvMi (Sea) n‡”Q gnv‡`‡ki
DcK‚jfv‡M gnvmvM‡ii cÖv‡šÍAew¯’Z RjfvM hv cÖvK…wZK f~-cÖK…wZ Øviv gnvmvMi †_‡K Avswkfv‡e wew”Qbœ|
ms‡¶‡c gnvmvMi A‡c¶v ¯^í AvqZb wewkó Rjivwk‡K mvMi e‡j| †hgb- f‚-ga¨mvMi, †jvwnZ mvMi I
Rvcvb mvMi| wZbw`K ¯’jfvM Øviv †ewóZ Rjivwk‡K DcmvMi (Bay) e‡j| †hgb- e‡½vcmvMi, cvim¨
DcmvMi I †gw·‡Kv DcmvMi| Pviw`‡K ¯’jfvM Øviv †ewóZ cÖvK…wZK Rjivwk‡K n«` (Lake) e‡j| †hgb-
ˆeKvj n«`, mywcwiqi n«` I wf‡±vwiqv n«`|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-5.1
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|
1. AvqZb Ges MfxiZvi w`K †_‡K me‡P‡q eo gnvmvMi †KvbwU?
K. DËi gnvmvMi L. `w¶Y gnvmvMi M. AvUjvw›UK gnvmvMi N. cÖkvšÍgnvmvMi
2. evwigÛ‡ji Bs‡iwR cÖwZkã Kx?
K. Biosphere L) Hydrosphere M) Atmospher N) †KvbwUB bq

evwigÛj c„ôv # 81
I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

cvV-5.2 mgy`ª Zj‡`‡ki f‚wgiƒc

(Topography of the Ocean Floor)
D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 mgy‡`ªi Zj‡`‡ki f‚wgiƒc e¨vL¨v w`‡Z cvi‡eb Ges
 gnx‡mvcvb, gnxXvj, Mfxi mgy‡`ªi mgf‚wg, mgy`ªLvZ, ˆkjwkiv cÖf„wZ mwPÎ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã gnx‡mvcvb, gnxXvj, wbgw¾Z ˆkjwkiv, mgy`ªLvZ|

mgy`ª Zj‡`‡ki f‚wgiƒc

mvMi, gnvmvM‡ii cvwbivwki DcwifvM mgZj †`Lv †M‡jI mgy`ª Zj‡`‡ki f‚wgiƒc mgZj bq|
¯’jfvM †hgb eÜzi cÖK…wZi A_©vr †Kv_vI mgf‚wg, †Kv_vI gvjf‚wg, †Kv_vI myD”P ce©Zk„½, Avevi
†Kv_vI Mfxi LvZ, mgy`ª Zj‡`‡ki f‚wgi cÖK„wZI †Zgb eÜzi| eis ¯’jfv‡Mi Zzjbvq †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †¶‡Î
mgy‡`ªi Zj‡`k AwaK eÜzi cÖK…wZi| mgy`ª Zj‡`‡k AmsL¨ cvnvo, ce©Z, Av‡MœqwMwi, gvjf‚wg, ce©ZP‚ov Ges
myMfxi LvZ eZ©gvb|
AZx‡Z RvnvR n‡Z wkKj ev k³ Zv‡ii gv_vq fvix wRwbm †eu‡a mgy‡`ªi g‡a¨ wb‡¶c K‡i mgy‡`ªi MfxiZv
cwigvc Kiv n‡Zv| eZ©gv‡b Ab¨vb¨ c×wZmn kã Zi‡½i mvnv‡h¨ mgy‡`ªi MfxiZv wbY©q Kiv nq| kã Zi½ cÖwZ
†m‡K‡Û cvwbi ga¨ w`‡q cÖvq 1,475 wgUvi wM‡q Avevi wd‡i Av‡m| Avi Gfv‡eB mgy‡`ªi MfxiZv cwigvc Kiv
nq| mgy‡`ªi MfxiZv mvaviYZ d¨v`‡g (GK d¨v`g mgvb Qq dzU) cwigvc Kiv nq| ZvB GB MfxiZv gvcK
h‡š¿i bvg d¨v‡`vwgUvi|
mgy`ª Zj‡`‡ki f‚wgiƒ‡ci †kÖwYwefvM: mgy‡`ªi wewfbœ ¯’v‡bi MfxiZvi ZviZ‡g¨i wfwˇZ mgy`ª Zj‡`‡ki
f‚wgiƒc‡K wb¤œwjwLZ cuvPwU fv‡M wef³ Kiv hvq
(wPÎ- 5.2.1)| h_v:
1. gnx‡mvcvb (Continental Shelf),
2. gnxXvj (Continental Slope),
3. Mfxi mgy‡`ª mgf‚wg (Deep Sea Plains),
4. wbgw¾Z ˆkjwkiv (Oceanic Ridge) Ges
5. Mfxi mgy`ª LvZ (Oceanic Trench)|

gnx‡mvcvb (Continental Shelf) : gnv‡`k-

mg~‡ni PZzw`©‡Ki ¯’jfv‡Mi wKQz Ask Xvjy n‡q
mgy‡`ªi cvwbi g‡a¨ †b‡g †M‡Q| Giƒc mgy‡`ªi
DcK‚j †iLv †_‡K mgy‡`ªi Zj‡`‡k µgwb¤œ
wbgw¾Z Ask‡K gnx‡mvcvb ev Continental Shelf
wPÎ 5.2.1: mgy‡`ªi Zj‡`‡k f‚wgiƒc
e‡j| GB AÂjwU mgy‡`ªi AMfxi AÂj wnmv‡eI
cwiwPZ| gnx‡mvcv‡bi Mo m‡e©v”P MfxiZv 200 wgUvi Ges gnx‡mvcvb 10 †Kv‡Y mgy`ª Zj‡`‡k wbgw¾Z _v‡K|
gnx‡mvcv‡bi Mo cÖk¯ÍZv 70 wK‡jvwgUvi| gnv‡`‡ki DcK‚j hw` we¯Í…Z mgf‚wg nq, Z‡e gnx‡mvcvb AwaK cÖk¯Í
nq| gnv‡`‡ki DcK‚‡j ce©Z ev gvjf‚wg _vK‡j gnx‡mvcvb msKxY© nq| BD‡iv‡ci DËi-cwð‡g c„w_exi e„nËg

c„ôv # 82 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

f‚‡Mvj I cwi‡ek BDwbU-5

gnx‡mvcvb Aew¯’Z| gnx‡mvcvb‡K mgy‡`ªi AMfxi AÂjI ejv nq| gnx‡mvcvb A‡ji mvgyw`ªK mÂq †ewk
Avevi gnv‡`kxq f‚-L‡Ûi †kl cÖvšÍev †kl mxgvI ejv nq| gnx‡mvcvb‡K cÖavb `yBfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq ; h_v : 1|
ZU‡`kxq AÂj 2| wSbyK AÂj|
ZU‡`kxq AÂj : †Rvqv‡ii mgq mgy‡`ªi cvwb mgy`ªZx‡ii hZ`~i ch©šDÍ c‡i dz‡j I‡V Ges fvUvi mgq hZ`~i
ch©š†Í b‡g hvq †mB ¯’vb ch©šwÍ e¯Í…Z Ask‡K ZU‡`kxq AÂj e‡j|
wSbyK AÂj : ZU‡`kxq A‡ji ci n‡Z Xvj gnx‡mvcv‡bi †kl cÖvšÍch©šA Í sk‡K wSbyK AÂj ev †bwiUxq AÂj
e‡j| g~jZ: wSbyK A‡ji †kl cÖvšÍ n‡Z gnxXvj Avi¤¢ nq| wSbyK A‡j mgy`ªZi½ me©vwaK wµqvkxj|
gnxXvj (Continental Slope) : gnx‡mvcv‡bi cieZ©x Ask hv Lvov Xvjy Ae¯’vq Mfxi mgy‡`ª †b‡g hvq Zv‡K
gnxXvj e‡j| GB Lvov Xvj GZ AwaK nq †h KLbI `yB n‡Z cuvP wWwMÖ †KŠwYKfv‡e, Avevi KLbI ev m¤ú~Y© Lvov
Ae¯’vq mgy`ªZ‡j †b‡g hvq| gnxXv‡ji Mo MfxiZv mgy‡`ª 200-3,000 wgUvi| Xvj AwaK Lvov nIqvi Rb¨ Lye
cÖk¯Í bq| M‡o gvÎ 16 †_‡K 32 wK‡jvwgUvi cÖk¯Í| gnxXv‡ji DcwifvM mgvb bq| LyeB eÜzi cÖK„wZi|
¯’jfv‡Mi cve©Z¨ A‡j †hgb wewfbœ ai‡bi K¨vwbqb _v‡K †Zgwb mgy`ªZ‡j gnxXv‡jI AmsL¨ AvšÍ:mvMixq
wMwiLv‡Zi Ae¯’vb †`Lv hvq|
Mfxi mgy‡`ª mgf‚wg (Deep Sea Plains) : gnvmvM‡ii Zj‡`‡k gnx‡mvcvb, gnxXv‡ji cieZ©x we¯ÍxY© cÖvq
mgZj Ask‡K Mfxi mgy‡`ªi mgf‚wg e‡j| Mfxi mgy‡`ªi mgf‚wgi Mo MfxiZv 4,000-6,000 wgUvi| Mfxi
mgy‡`ªi mgf‚wg‡K mgy`ªZ‡ji mgf‚wg ejv n‡jI cÖK…Zc‡¶ Zv mgZj bq| GB mgf‚wgi gv‡S gv‡S eû RjgMœ
gvjf‚wg, AbybœZ ce©Z †kÖwY i‡q‡Q, †hgb AvUjvw›U‡Ki ga¨¯’vb w`‡q we¯Í…Z my`xN© ga¨ AvUjvw›UK ˆkjwkiv| Avevi
†Kv_vI i‡q‡Q wewfbœ ai‡bi Av‡MœqwMwi| Av‡MœqwMwi¸wj n‡Z Drw¶ß bvbv cÖKvi c`v_© I m~¶è f¯§ Mfxi mgy‡`ªi
mgf‚wg‡Z ¯Í‡i ¯Í‡i mwÂZ nq| mgy‡`ªi G Mfxi As‡k cwjgvwU, wmÜzgj, Av‡MœqRvZ m~¶è, f¯§, jvfv cÖf…wZ ¯Í‡i
¯Í‡i Rgv n‡q cvjwjK wkjvi m„wó K‡i|
wbgw¾Z ˆkjwkiv (Oceanic Ridge) : mgy‡`ªi Af¨šÍ‡ii Av‡MœqwMwii AMœy¨rcv‡Zi d‡j wbM©Z jvfv mgy`ªM‡f©
mwÂZ n‡q ˆkjwkivi b¨vq f~wgiƒc MVb K‡i| GB ai‡bi f‚wgiƒc‡K wbgw¾Z ˆkjwkiv e‡j| wbgw¾Z
ˆkjwkiv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ ga¨ AvUjvw›UK ˆkjwkiv me‡P‡q D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
Mfxi mgy`ªLvZ (Oceanic Trench) : gnvmvM‡ii Zj‡`‡k wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Mfxi LvZ _v‡K| GB¸wj‡K Mfxi
mgy`ªLvZ e‡j| Mfxi mgy`ª LvZ¸‡jv mvaviYZ Av‡MœqwMwi, f‚wgK¤úcÖeY A‡j AwaK †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq| GB
LvZ¸‡jv Aí cwimi RvqMv Ry‡o _v‡K| Mfxi mgy`ªLv‡Zi Mo MfxiZv mgy`ª c„ô n‡Z 5,400 wgUv‡ii AwaK|
Mfxi mgy`ªLvZ¸‡jv cÖk¯Í bv n‡jI Lvov Xvjwewkó| mgy`ªZ‡j †gvU mvZvbœwU Mfxi mgy`ªLvZ i‡q‡Q|
cÖkvšÍgnvmvM‡iB Mfxi mgy`ªLv‡Zi msL¨v AwaK| wbDwMwbi DËi w`‡K Aew¯’Z cÖkvšÍgnvmvM‡ii gvwiqvbv LvZ
c„w_exi g‡a¨ MfxiZg mgy`ª LvZ Gi Mo MfxiZv cÖvq 10,870 wgUvi| AvUjvw›UK gnvmvM‡ii †cv‡U©vwi‡Kv LvZ
(8,538 wgUvi) D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
gnx‡mvcvb I gnxXv‡ji g‡a¨ cv_©K¨
gnx‡mvcvb gnxXvj
1. gnx‡mvcvb ax‡i ax‡i mgy`ªM‡f© †b‡g hvq| 1. gnxXvj nVvr mgy`ª M‡f© †b‡g hvq|
2. gnx‡mvcv‡bi MfxiZv Kg (m‡e©v”P MfxiZv 200 2. gnxXv‡ji MfxiZv AZ¨šÍ†ewk (2,000-3,000 wgUvi
wgUvi) ev Zvi †ewk)|
3. gnx‡mvcvb AÂj mvaviYZ PIov ev cÖk¯Í n‡q _v‡K| 3. gnxXvj A‡ji we¯Íw… Z ev cÖk¯ÍZv Kg|
4. gnx‡mvcvb A‡jB mvgyw`ªK mÂq †ewk| 4. gnxXvj A‡j mvgyw`ªK mÂq Kg Z‡e Gi cÖv‡šÍmÂq
5. c„w_exi AwaKvsk evwYwR¨K grm¨PviY †¶Î¸‡jv †ewk|
gnx‡mvcvb A‡j M‡o D‡V‡Q| 5. G A‡j evwYwR¨K grm¨PviY †¶Î M‡o D‡Vwb|

evwigÛj c„ôv # 83
I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

‰ewkó¨ D‡jøL K‡i wk¶v_©xiv wb‡Pi QKwU c~iY Ki‡eb :

wk¶v_©xi KvR gnx‡mvcvb gnxXvj Mfxi mgy‡`ªi wbgw¾Z Mfxi
mgf‚wg ˆkjwkiv mgy`ªLvZ

mvims‡¶c
¯’jfv‡Mi cÖK…wZ †hgb eÜzi mgy‡`ªi Zj‡`‡ki f‚wgiƒcI †Zgb eÜzi cÖK…wZi| kã Zi‡½i mvnv‡h¨ mgy‡`ªi
MfxiZv wbY©q Kiv nq| mgy‡`ªi MfxiZv gvcK h‡š¿i bvg d¨v‡`vwgUvi| mgy‡`ªi Zj‡`‡ki f‚wgiƒc‡K cÖavb
cuvPwU fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| h_v- gnx‡mvcvb, gnxXvj, Mfxi mgy‡`ªi mgf‚wg, wbgw¾Z ˆkjwkiv, Mfxi
mgy`ªLvZ| mgy‡`ªi DcK‚j †iLv †_‡K mgy‡`ªi Zj‡`‡k µgwb¤œ wbgw¾Z Ask‡K gnx‡mvcvb e‡j| gnx‡mvcv‡bi
cieZ©x Xvjy Ask‡K gnxXvj e‡j| gnxXv‡ji cieZ©x we¯Í…Z mgZj f‚wg‡K Mfxi mgy‡`ªi mgf‚wg e‡j| Avi
mgf‚wgi wewfbœ As‡k MfxiZg Ask‡K mgy`ªLvZ e‡j| mgy‡`ªi Af¨šÍ‡i Av‡MœqwMwii AMœy¨rcv‡Zi d‡j wbM©Z
jvfv mwÂZ n‡q †h f‚wgiƒc ˆZwi K‡i Zv‡K wbgw¾Z ˆkjwkiv e‡j |

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-5.2

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|

wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU coyb Ges 1 I 2 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi cÖ`vb Kiæb|
gnv‡`kmg~‡ni PZzw`©‡Ki ¯’jfv‡Mi wKQz Ask Xvjy n‡q mgy‡`ªi cvwbi g‡a¨ †b‡g †M‡Q| Giƒc mgy‡`ªi DcK‚j †iLv
†_‡K mgy‡`ªi Zj‡`‡k µgwb¤œ wbgw¾Z Ask‡K mgy‡`ªi AMfxi AÂj ejv nq| Avevi gnv`‡kxq f‚-L‡Ûi †kl
cÖvšÍev †kl mxgvI ejv nq| Giƒc f‚-fvM cÖavbZ `yÕcÖKvi| h_v : 1| ZU‡`kxq AÂj, 2| wSbyK AÂj|
1. mgy‡`ªi AMfxi AÂj †_‡K mgy‡`ªi Zj‡`‡k µgwb¤œ wbgw¾Z Ask‡K Kx e‡j?
K) gnv‡mvcvb L) gnxXvj
M) gnvmvMixq LvZ M) Øxc
2. gnx‡mvcv‡bi ˆewkó¨-
i) gnx‡mvcv‡bi Mo m‡e©v”P MfxiZv 250 wgUvi I cÖk¯ÍZv 70 wK‡jvwgUvi
ii) †Rvqvi-fvUv gnx‡mvcv‡bi ZU‡`kxq AÂj ch©šwÍ µqvkxj
iii) wSbyK A‡j mgy`ªZi½ me©vwaK wµqvkxj|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I iii L) ii
M) i, ii I iii N) i I ii
3. mgy‡`ªi MfxiZv gvcK h‡š¿i bvg?
K) j¨K‡UvwgUvi L) _v‡g©vwgUvi
M) d¨v`‡gvwgUvi N) d¨v‡`vwgUvi
4. gnxXv‡ji Mo MfxiZv KZ?
K) 100-150 wgUvi L) 200-3000 wgUvi
M) 300-950 wgUvi N) 400-4000 wgUvi
5. c„w_exi MfxiZg Lv‡Zi bvg Kx?
K) gvwiqvbv LvZ L) AvUjvw›UK ˆkjwkiv
M) †cv‡U©vwi‡Kv LvZ N) ïÛv LvZ

c„ôv # 84 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

f‚‡Mvj I cwi‡ek BDwbU-5

evsjv‡`‡ mgy`ª‡¯ªv‡Zi KviY I djvdj

cvV-5.3
(Causes of Ocean Current and its Result)

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 mgy`ª‡¯ªv‡Zi msÁv ej‡Z cvi‡eb;
 mgy`ª‡¯ªv‡Zi ˆewkó¨ wjL‡Z cvi‡eb Ges
 mgy`ª‡¯ªv‡Zi KviY I djvdj we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã mgy`ª‡¯ªvZ, Nl©Y, ev®úxfeb, evqycÖevn, jeYv³Zv, ZvcgvÎv, AveZ©b, WM©vm e¨v¼|
[

mgy`ª‡¯ªvZ
GK¯’vb †_‡K Ab¨¯’v‡b gnvmvMi I mvM‡ii cvwbi wbw`©ó I wbqwgZ cÖevn‡K gnvmvMixq †¯ªvZ ev
mgy`ª‡¯ªvZ (Ocean Current) e‡j| evqycÖevn mgy‡`ªi Dcwifv‡Mi cvwbi m‡½ Nl©Y ‰Zwi K‡i Ges Nl©‡Yi Rb¨
cvwb‡Z N~Y©b ˆZwi K‡i Ges mgy`ª †¯ªv‡Zi m„wó nq| DòZvi ZviZg¨ Abyhvqx mgy`ª‡¯ªvZ‡K cÖavb `yBfv‡M fvM Kiv
hvq| h_v : (K) Dò †¯ªvZ I (L) kxZj †¯ªvZ|
mgy`ª‡¯ªv‡Zi ˆewkó¨
1. mgy‡`ªi mKj †¯ªvZ mgy‡`ªi Af¨šÍixY I evwn¨K kw³i cÖfv‡e m„ó nq|
2. mgy`ª‡¯ªvZ c„ô cÖevn I AvšÍ:cÖevn Dfqfv‡eB cÖevwnZ n‡Z cv‡i|
3. evqycÖev‡ni Dci mgy`ª †¯ªv‡Zi MwZ‡eM wbf©i K‡i|
4. evqycÖevn I †mŠikw³ mgy`ª‡¯ªvZ m„wói Rb¨ `vqx|
5. mgy`ª‡¯ªvZ DËi †Mvjv‡a© Wvb w`‡K †eu‡K Ges `w¶Y †Mvjv‡a© evg w`‡K †eu‡K cÖevwnZ nq|
6. mgy`ª‡¯ªvZ Dò I kxZj Dfq cÖKviB n‡Z cv‡i|
mgy`ª‡¯ªv‡Zi MwZ‡e‡Mi GKK- wK.wg./N›Uv A_ev bwUK¨vj gvBj/N›Uv|
mgy`ª †¯ªv‡Zi KviY : cvwbi ¯^vfvweK wbqg n‡”Q Zvi Dcwifv‡Mi mgZv i¶v Kiv| ZvB mgy‡`ªi GK¯’v‡bi cvwb
Ab¨¯’v‡b cÖevwnZ nq| wb¤œwjwLZ Kvi‡Y mgy`ª‡¯ªv‡Zi DrcwË nq| h_v:
1. evqycÖevn (Wind Movement)
2. c„w_exi AveZ©b (Rotation of Earth)
3. ZvcgvÎvi ZviZg¨ (Variation in Temparature)
4. jeYv³Zvi ZviZg¨ (Variation in Salinity)
5. ¯’jfv‡Mi Ae¯’vb (Presence of Landmasses)
6. Amg ev®úxfeb (Unequal Evaporation)
7. mgy‡`ªi MfxiZv (Depth of the Ocean)
evqycÖevn (Wind Movement)
mgy`ª‡¯ªv‡Zi DrcwËi cÖavb KviY evqycÖevn| cÖavb †¯ªvZ¸‡jv f‚-c„‡ôi cÖavb evqycÖev‡ni c_ Abyhvqx cÖevwnZ nq|
Aqb evqy cÖevwnZ A‡j mgy`ª‡¯ªvZ c~e© †_‡K cwðg w`‡K Ges cwðgv evqy cÖevwnZ A‡j cwðg †_‡K c~e© w`‡K
cÖevwnZ nq (wPÎ 5.3.1)|

evwigÛj c„ôv # 85
I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

wPÎ- 5.3.1 evqycÖevn wPÎ- 5.3.2 c„w_exi AveZ©b

c„w_exi AveZ©b (Rotation of Earth) : AvwýK MwZi Rb¨ c„w_ex wbR A‡¶ me©`v cwðg †_‡K c~e© w`‡K Nyi‡Q|
GB Kvi‡Y mgy‡`ªi cvwb cwðg †_‡K c~e© w`‡K cÖevwnZ n‡q mg`ª‡¯ªv‡Zi m„wó K‡i| djkÖ“wZ‡Z mgy`ª‡¯ªvZ
†d‡i‡ji m~Î Abymv‡i DËi †Mvjv‡a© Wvb w`‡K Ges `w¶Y †Mvjv‡a© evg w`‡K †eu‡K cÖevwnZ nq (wPÎ 5.3.2)|
DòZvi ZviZg¨ (Variation in Temparature) : wbi¶xq A‡j m~h© j¤^fv‡e wKiY †`q d‡j wbi¶xq A‡ji
Dò cvwb AvqZ‡b e„w× cvq I nvjKv e‡j mgy‡`ªi DcwifvM w`‡q DËi I `w¶Y w`‡K cÖevwnZ nq| Aciw`‡K,
cvwbi mgZv i¶v Kivi Rb¨ †giæ A‡ji kxZj I fvwi cvwb mgy‡`ªi Zj‡`k w`‡q wbi¶xq A‡j Avm‡Z _v‡K|
A_©vr DòZvi ZviZg¨ mgy`ª‡¯ªvZ‡K cÖevwnZ K‡i|
jeYv³Zvi ZviZg¨ (Variation in Salinity) : mgy‡`ªi AwaK jeYv³ AÂj n‡Z Kg jeYv³ A‡ji w`‡K cvwbi
AvšÍ:cÖevn Ges Aí jeYv³ AÂj n‡Z AwaK jeYv³ A‡ji w`‡K cvwbi c„ô cÖevn m„wó nq| wewfbœ cÖvK…wZK
KviY †hgb e„wócvZ, ev®úxfeb, b`x, eid Mjv cvwb cÖf…wZ Kvi‡Y mgy‡`ªi me©Î jeYv³Zvi cwigvY mgvb _v‡K
bv| †hgb-wbi¶xq A‡j AwZwi³ e„wócvZ, †giæ A‡j Kg ev®úxfe‡bi Kvi‡Y jeYv³Zv Kg| Aciw`‡K
e„wónxbZvi Rb¨ µvšÍxq A‡j jeYv³Zv AwaK|
¯’jfv‡Mi Ae¯’vb (Presence of Landmasses) : ¯^vfvweKfv‡e mgy`ª‡¯ªvZ cÖevwnZ nIqvi mgq †¯ªv‡Zi m¤§y‡L
¯’jfvM _vK‡j †¯ªv‡Zi w`K cwiewZ©Z n‡q bZzb †¯ªv‡Zi DrcwË nq|
Amg ev®úxfeb (Unequal Evaoration) : mgy‡`ªi †Kv‡bv As‡k AwaK DËv‡ci Rb¨ ev®úxfe‡bi cwigvY AwaK
n‡j cvwbi D”PZv K‡g hvq d‡j wbKUeZ©x Kg DËß AÂj n‡Z cvwb G‡m cvwbi ¯^vfvweK ag© Abymv‡i cvwbi
mgZv i¶v K‡i| Gfv‡e Amg ev®úxfeb mgy`ª‡¯ªvZ‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i|
mgy‡`ªi MfxiZv (Depth of the Ocean) : mgy‡`ªi MfxiZv Kg n‡j cvwb `ªæZ DËß n‡q Ic‡i D‡V Ges kxZj
cvwb wb‡P †b‡g hvq| Gfv‡e DaŸ©Mvgx I wb¤œMvgx †¯ªv‡Zi m„wó nq| m~‡h©i wKiY mgy‡`ªi Mfx‡i 210 wgUv‡ii AwaK
cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| d‡j Mfxi mgy‡`ªi DcwifvM w`‡q c„ô‡¯ªvZ Ges Zj‡`k w`‡q AšÍ:‡¯ªvZ cÖevwnZ nq|
mgy`ª‡¯ªv‡Zi djvdj
evqygÛ‡j DòZvi ZviZg¨ : Dò‡¯ªvZ †h mKj †`‡ki Dci w`‡q cÖevwnZ nq †mB mKj †`‡ki ZvcgvÎv/DËvc
e„w× cvq| wKš‘ kxZj‡¯ªvZ cÖevwnZ n‡j Rjevqy A‡c¶vK…Z kxZj nq| †hgb-kxZj j¨veªvWi †¯ªv‡Zi cÖfv‡e DËi
Av‡gwiKvi †m›U j‡iÝ b`x I Zvi †gvnbv eQ‡ii bq gvm eidve„Z _v‡K| Avevi Dò DcmvMixq †¯ªv‡Zi cÖfv‡e
GKB A¶vs‡k Aew¯’Z weªwUk Øxccy‡Äi DcK‚j me©`v eidgy³ _v‡K|
e„wócvZ : Dò‡¯ªv‡Zi Ici w`‡q cÖevwnZ evqy‡Z AwaK Rjxqev®ú _vKvq ¯’jfv‡Mi Ici w`‡q cÖevwnZ nIqvi
mgq e„wócvZ NUvq| Ab¨w`‡K kxZj‡¯ªv‡Zi Dci w`‡q cÖevwnZ evqy‡Z Rjxqev®ú bv _vKvq e„wócvZ nqbv eis
ZzlvicvZ NUvq| †hgb- kxZj j¨veªvWi †¯ªv‡Zi Rb¨ j¨veªvWi DcK‚‡j AwaK ZzlvicvZ nq| Bsj¨v‡Ûi cwðg
DcK‚‡j e„wócvZ AwaK nIqvi KviY n‡jv AvUjvw›UK gnvmvM‡ii Dò †¯ªvZ|

c„ôv # 86 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

f‚‡Mvj I cwi‡ek BDwbU-5

Kzqvkv I So : wecixZgyLx Dò I kxZj †¯ªv‡Zi wgjb¯’‡j NbKzqvkv I S‡oi m„wó nq| G Rb¨ wbDdvDÛj¨vÛ I
Rvcv‡bi c~e© DcK‚‡j RvnvR PjvP‡j weNœ NUvq|
e›`‡ii myweav : Dò‡¯ªv‡Zi Kvi‡Y eid Rg‡Z cv‡i bv| †hgb- Dò‡¯ªv‡Zi cÖfv‡e biI‡qi DËi DcK‚jxq
A‡j kxZKv‡j eid R‡g bv| G‡Z e›`i¸‡jv‡Z mviveQi e¨emv-evwYR¨ Pvjvb m¤¢e nq| Dò Kz‡ivwkI †¯ªv‡Zi
Rb¨ KvbvWvi cwðg DcK‚j eidgy³ _v‡K|
RvnvR PjvPj : †¯ªv‡Zi AbyK‚‡j RvnvR Pvwj‡q kxNª MšÍe¨ ¯’v‡b †cuŠQvb hvq| †hgb- Dò DcmvMixq †¯ªv‡Zi c‡_
RvnvR Av‡gwiKv †_‡K BD‡ivc A‡bK mn‡R Aí mg‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| c¶všÍ‡i BD‡ivc †_‡K Av‡gwiKv ‡cuŠQv‡Z
eûmgq †j‡M hvq|
wng‰kj : kxZj mgy`ª †¯ªv‡Zi MwZc‡_ wng‰kj _vKvi Kvi‡Y RvnvR PjvPj wbivc` bq| wKš‘ Dò‡¯ªv‡Zi Kvi‡Y
AvUjvw›UK gnvmvM‡ii Dfq DcK‚j e¨emv-evwY‡R¨ mg„×| hy³iv‡R¨i weL¨vZ UvBUvwbK RvnvR 1912 mv‡j
wng‰k‡ji m‡½ av°v †j‡M cÖ_g hvÎv‡ZB mgy‡`ª Wz‡e wM‡qwQj|
gMœPovi m„wó I grm¨ evwYR¨ : Dò I kxZj †¯ªv‡Zi wgjb¯’‡ji gMœPovq cÖPzi gr‡m¨i mgvMg nq Ges †mLv‡b
grm¨ wkKvi I grm¨ e¨emv M‡o D‡V| †hgb- wbDdvDÛj¨v‡Ûi DcK‚‡j MÖvÛ e¨v¼, †mej e¨v¼, weªwUk Øxccy‡Äi
DcK‚‡j WM©vm e¨v¼ gMœPovi cÖK…ó D`vniY| GB GjvKv c„w_exi †kÖô grm AvniY †¶Î| AMfxi gMœPov¸‡jv‡Z
cÖPzi cwigv‡Y c ¨vsKUb (GK cÖKvi AwZ ¶z`ª Dw™¢` I cÖvwY) Rb¥vq I esk e„w× K‡i|
mgy`ª‡¯ªvZ evsjv‡`‡ki Rjevqyi Dci Kx ai‡bi cÖfve †d‡j? GB m¤ú‡K©
wk¶v_©xi KvR
wk¶v_©xiv c„_Kfv‡e Zv‡`i gZvgZ cÖ`vb Ki‡eb|

mvims‡¶c
gnvmvMi I mvM‡ii cvwbi GK¯’vb †_‡K Ab¨¯’v‡b wbw`©ó I wbqwgZ cÖevn‡K gnvmvMixq †¯ªvZ ev mgy`ª‡¯ªvZ
e‡j| evqycÖevn I †mŠikw³ mgy`ª‡¯ªvZ m„wói Rb¨ `vqx| mgy`ª‡¯ªvZ Dò I kxZj Dfq cÖKvi n‡Z cv‡i Ges c„ô
Ges AvšÍ:cÖevn iƒ‡c cÖevwnZ nq| mgy`ª‡¯ªv‡Zi MwZ‡e‡Mi GKK bwUK¨vj gvBj/N›Uv| evqycÖevn, c„w_exi
AveZ©b, ZvcgvÎvi ZviZg¨, jeYv³Zvi ZviZg¨, ¯’jfv‡Mi Ae¯’vb, Amg ev®úxfeb, mgy‡`ªi MfxiZv cÖf…wZ
Kvi‡Y mgy`ª‡¯ªv‡Zi m„wó nq Ges mgy`ª‡¯ªv‡Zi Kvi‡Y we‡k¦i wewfbœ A‡j ZvcgvÎv I e„wócv‡Zi ZviZg¨ nq|
hvi d‡j mgy‡`ªi †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡b Dò mgy`ª‡¯ªvZ, kxZj mgy`ª‡¯ªvZ, wng‰kj, Kzqvkv, Soe„wó, gMœPov cÖf…wZ m„wó
nq| g~jZ mgy`ª‡¯ªvZ AvenvIqv I Rjevqy Ges A_©‰bwZK mg„wׇZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-5.3
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU coyb Ges 1 I 2 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi cÖ`vb Kiæb|
Acy ¯‹z‡ji gvwë wgwWqv K¬v‡m weL¨vZ UvBUvwbK QwewU †`L‡jb Ges hy³iv‡R¨i weL¨vZ UvBUvwbK RvnvRwU
wng‰k‡ji m‡½ av°v †j‡M cÖ_g hvÎv‡ZB mgy‡`ª Wz‡e wM‡qwQj|
1. mgy`ª‡¯ªvZ cÖavbZ KZ cÖKvi?
K) 2 cÖKvi L) 3 cÖKvi
M) 4 cÖKvi M) 5 cÖKvi
2. RvnvRwU Wz‡e hvIqvi KviY-
i) kxZj †¯ªv‡Zi Kvi‡Y ii) MwZc‡_ wng‰kj _vKvq
iii) Dò †¯ªv‡Zi Kvi‡Y
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i L) ii M) i I ii N) iii
3. mgy`ª †¯ªvZ DËi I `w¶Y †Mvjv‡a© †Kvb w`‡K †eu‡K cÖevwnZ nq?
K. Wvb w`‡K I evg w`‡K L. evg w`‡K I Wvb w`‡K
M. DËi w`‡K I `w¶Y w`‡K N. `w¶Y w`‡K I DËi w`‡K

evwigÛj c„ôv # 87
I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

cvV-5.4 fviZ gnvmvMixq †¯ªvZ

(Indian Ocean Current)
D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-

 fviZ gnvmvMixq †¯ªvZ m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨v I we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã Kz‡giæ †¯ªvZ, wbi¶xq †¯ªvZ, †gvRvw¤^K I gv`vMv¯‹vi †¯ªvZ, Av¸jnvm †¯ªvZ|

fviZ gnvmvMixq †¯ªvZ

fviZ gnvmvM‡ii DËivsk ¯’jfvM Øviv m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c †ewóZ| Avevi fviZ gnvmvM‡ii DËivs‡ki †¯ªvZ
†gŠmygx evqyi Øviv wbqwš¿Z nIqvq FZz‡f‡` †¯ªv‡Zi w`K m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c cwiewZ©Z nq| Aciw`‡K `w¶Y
fviZ gnvmvMixq †¯ªvZ¸‡jv AvUjvw›UK Ges cÖkvšÍgnvmvM‡ii †¯ªv‡Zi b¨vq mviveQi cÖvq GKBw`‡K cÖevwnZ nq|
D‡jøwLZ Kvi‡Y fviZ gnvmvM‡ii †¯ªvZmg~n AvUjvw›UK I cÖkvšÍgnvmvM‡ii †¯ªv‡Zi †P‡q c„_K ˆewkó¨ m¤úbœ|
fviZ gnvmvM‡ii †¯ªvZmg~n‡K wb¤œiƒ‡c fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| h_v-
fviZ gnvmvMixq †¯ªvZ

`wÿY fviZ gnvmvMixq DËi fviZ gnvmvMixq fviZ gnvmvMixq wecixZ †¯ªvZ ev wbiÿxq wecixZ †¯ªvZ

1. Kz‡giæ †¯ªvZ 1. †mvgvjx †¯ªvZ

2. cwðg A‡÷ªwjqv †¯ªvZ 2. †gŠmygx †¯ªvZ
3. `wÿY wbiÿxq †¯ªvZ
4. †gvRvw¤^K I gv`vMv¯‹vi †¯ªvZ
5. Av¸jnvm †¯ªvZ kxZKvjxb †gŠmygx †¯ªvZ
MÖx®§Kvjxb †gŠmygx †¯ªvZ
`w¶Y fviZ gnvmvMixq †¯ªvZ (Current of South Indian Ocean)
Kz‡giæ ev cwðgv †¤ªvZ (Antarctic or West Wind) : Kz‡giæ gnvmvM‡i cÖej cwðgv evqyi Zvobvq †h kxZj †¯ªvZ
cwðg †_‡K c~e©w`‡K cÖevwnZ nq Zv‡K Kz‡giæ ev cwðgv †¯ªvZ e‡j| GwU cwðgv evqyi cÖfv‡e A‡÷ªwjqvi DcK~‡j `ywU
kvLvq wef³ nq| cÖavb kvLvwU A‡÷ªwjqvi `w¶Y cÖvšÍw`‡q cÖkvšÍgnvmvM‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i| Aci kvLvwU A‡÷ªwjqvi
cwðg DcK~j w`‡q DËi w`‡K cÖevwnZ nq|
cwðg A‡÷ªwjqv †mªvZ (West Australian Current) t A‡÷ªwjqvi cwðg DcK~j w`‡q Kz‡giæ †¯ªv‡Zi †h kvLvwU
DËi w`‡K cÖevwnZ nq Zv cwðg A‡÷ªwjqv †¯ªvZ bv‡g cwiwPZ| kxZj Kz‡giæ †mªv‡Zi kvLv e‡j GwU GKwU kxZj
†¯ªvZ| GB kxZj †¯ªvZwU µvšÍxq A‡j µgk Dò n‡Z _v‡K|
`w¶Y wbi¶xq †¯ªvZ (South Equatorial Current) t c„w_exi AveZ©b MwZ Ges `w¶Y-c~e© Aqb evqyi Kvi‡Y
cwðg A‡÷ªwjqv †¯ªvZwU cwðg w`‡K †eu‡K cÖevwnZ n‡Z _v‡K| D³ mg‡q cÖkvšÍgnvmvM‡ii `w¶Y wbi¶xq
†¯ªv‡Zi GKwU kvLv Gi mv‡_ wgwjZ nq| GB wgwjZ †¯ªvZ `w¶Y wbi¶xq †¯ªvZ bv‡g †mvRv cwðg w`‡K cÖevwnZ
nq| Avwd«Kvi `w¶Y-c~e© DcK~‡ji gv`vMv¯‹vi Øx‡ci wbKU †cuŠ‡Q G †¯ªvZ wZbwU kvLvq wef³ nq|
†gvRvw¤^K I gv`vMv¯‹vi †¯ªvZ (Mozambique and Madagascar Current) t `w¶Y wbi¶xq †¯ªv‡Zi †h kvLvwU
gv`vMv¯‹vi (ev gvjvMvwm) Øx‡ci c~e© cvk¦© w`‡q `w¶‡Y cÖevwnZ nq Zv‡K gv`vMv¯‹vi †¯ªvZ (ev gvjvMvwm †¯ªvZ) ejv

c„ôv # 88 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

f‚‡Mvj I cwi‡ek BDwbU-5

nq| Aciw`‡K gvjvMvwm I Avwd«Kvi ga¨eZ©x †gvRvw¤^K cÖYvwji ga¨ w`‡q †m kvLvwU `w¶‡Y cÖevwnZ nq Zv‡K
†gvRvw¤^K †¯ªvZ n‡j| wbi¶xq AÂj n‡Z AvMZ e‡j GB †¯ªvZ `ywUI Dò‡¯ªvZ|
DËi fviZ gnvmvMixq †¯ªvZ (Current of North Indian Ocean)
Av¸jnvm †¯ªvZ (Agulhas Current) : gvjvMvwm Øx‡ci `wÿ‡Y ci¯úi wgwjZ gvjvMvwm Ges †gvRvw¤^K †¯ªvZ
Avwd«Kvi `wÿY-c~e© cÖv‡šÍi Av¸jnvm AšÍix‡ci cvk w`‡q Av¸jnvm †¯ªvZ bv‡g cÖevwnZ nq| GwU Dò‡¯ªvZ
wnmv‡e c~e© w`‡K †eu‡K cybivq Kz‡giæ ev cwðgv cÖev‡ni mv‡_ wgwjZ nq|
†mvgvjx †¯ªvZ (Somali Current) t `w¶Y wbi¶xq †¯ªv‡Zi †h kvLvwU fviZ gnvmvM‡i gvjvMvwm Øx‡ci DËi n‡Z
cwðg w`‡K †eu‡K Avwd«Kvi c~e© DcK‚‡ji †mvgvwjqvi cvk¦© w`‡q †mvRv DËi w`‡K cÖevwnZ nq †mwU †mvgvjx †¯ªvZ
bv‡g cwiwPZ| GwU GKwU Dò‡¯ªvZ|
‡gŠmygx †¯ªvZ (Monsoon Current) t DËi fviZ gnvmvM‡ii DËi DcK~j eivei †h †¯ªvZ †gŠmygx evqyi cÖfv‡e
cÖevwnZ nq Zv‡K †gŠmygx †¯ªvZ e‡j| MÖx®§Kv‡j GwU cwðg n‡Z c~e©w`‡K Ges kxZKv‡j GKB c‡_ wecixZ w`‡K
cÖevwnZ nq| ZvB †gŠmygx †¯ªvZ `yÕcÖKvi, †hgb- MÖx®§Kvjxb &I kxZKvjxb †gŠmygx †¯ªvZ|
MÖx‡®§i †gŠmygx †¯ªvZ (Summer Monsoon Current) t †mvgvjx †¯ªvZ MÖx®§Kv‡j `w¶Y-cwðg †gŠmygx evqyi cÖfv‡e
Avwd«Kvi c~e© DcK~j n‡Z cÖ_‡g Avie mvM‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i cieZ©x‡Z G †¯ªvZ fvi‡Zi cwðg DcK~j w`‡q `w¶Y
w`‡K AMÖmi nq Ges kÖxjsKvi `w¶Y-c~e©w`‡K Ny‡i fvi‡Zi c~e© DcK‚j w`‡q e‡½vcmvM‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i| GB
†¯ªvZwU MÖx‡®§i †gŠmygx †¯ªvZ bv‡g cwiwPZ| G‡K `w¶Y-cwðg †gŠmygx †¯ªvZI ejv nq (wPÎ- 5.4.1)|
kxZKvjxb †gŠmygx †¯ªvZ (Winter Monsoon Current) t kxZKv‡j DËi-c~e© †gŠmygx evqyi cÖfv‡e MÖx®§Kv‡ji
†gŠmygx †¯ªvZwU Avi _v‡Kbv| wKš‘ Gi c_ AbymiY K‡i GKwU wecixZgyLx †¯ªv‡Zi m„wó nq| GB wecixZgyLx
†¯ªvZwU kxZKvjxb †gŠmygx †¯ªvZ ev DËi-c~e© †gŠmygx †¯ªvZ bv‡g cwiwPZ (wPÎ- 5.4.2)|
fviZ gnvmvMixq wecixZ †¯ªvZ (Ocean Indian Counter Current) : kxZKvjxb †gŠmywg †¯ªvZwU Avwd«Kvi
†mvgvwjqvi `wÿ‡Y †cuŠ‡Q c~e© w`‡K †eu‡K hvq Ges wbiÿ‡iLv eivei †mvRv c~e©w`‡K cÖevwnZ nq Ges fviZ gnvmvM‡ii
c~e© DcK‚‡j Aew¯’Z mygvÎv Øx‡ci wbKU ch©šÍ AMÖmi nq, cwi‡k‡l `wÿ‡Y †eu‡K `wÿY wbiÿxq †¯ªv‡Zi mv‡_ wgwjZ
nq| GUvB wbiÿxq wecixZ †¯ªvZ ev fviZ gnvmvMixq wecixZ †¯ªvZ| GwU GKwU Dò‡¯ªvZ| G †¯ªvZwU †Kej
kxZKv‡jB †`Lv hvq|

wPÎ 5.4.1 fviZ gnvmvMixq †¯ªvZ (MÖx®§Kvjxb †¯ªvZ) wPÎ 5.4.2 fviZ gnvmvMixq †¯ªvZ (kxZKvjxb †¯ªvZ)

evwigÛj c„ôv # 89
I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

fviZ gnvmvMixq †¯ªvZ, Zvi cvk¦©eZ©x A‡ji †`kmg~‡n Kx ai‡bi cÖfve

wk¶v_©xi KvR
we¯Ívi K‡i? G m¤ú‡K© wk¶v_©xiv `jMZfv‡e Zv‡`i gZvgZ cÖ`vb Ki‡eb|

mvims‡¶c
AvUjvw›UK I cÖkvšÍgnvmvM‡ii b¨vq fviZ gnvmvMi DËi I `w¶Y wnggÛj ch©šwÍ e¯Í…Z bq Ges fviZ
gnvmvM‡ii DËivsk m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c ¯’jfvM Øviv †ewóZ| hvi `iæY fviZ gnvmvMixq †¯ªvZ m¤ú~Y© wfbœ ˆewk‡ó¨i
Ges fviZ gnvmvMixq †¯ªvZ‡K `w¶Y fviZ gnvmvMixq I DËi fviZ gnvmvMixq †¯ªvZ wn‡m‡e eY©bv Kiv
n‡q‡Q|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-5.4
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () w`b|
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU coyb Ges wb‡¤œi cÖ‡kœi DËi cÖ`vb Kiæb|
fviZ gnvmvM‡ii DËivsk ¯’jfvM Øviv m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c †ewóZ Ges fviZ gnvmvM‡ii DËivs‡ki †¯ªvZ †gŠmygx evqyi
Øviv wbqwš¿Z nIqvq FZz‡f‡` †¯ªv‡Zi w`K m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c cwiewZ©Z nq| `w¶Y fviZ gnvmvMixq †¯ªvZ¸‡jv
AvUjvw›UK Ges cÖkvšÍgnvmvM‡ii †¯ªv‡Zi b¨vq mviveQi cÖvq GKBw`‡K cÖevwnZ nq|
1. fviZ gnvmvMixq †¯ªvZ cÖavbZ KZ cÖKvi?
K) 2 cÖKvi L) 3 cÖKvi
M) 4 cÖKvi N) 5 cÖKvi
2. DËi fviZ gnvmvMixq †¯ªvZmg~n n‡jv-
i) †gvRvw¤^K I gv`vMv¯‹vi †¯ªvZ ii) †mvgvjx †¯ªvZ
iii) †gŠmygx †¯ªvZ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i L) ii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
3. cwðg A‡÷ªwjqv †¯ªvZ GKwU-
(K) Dò †¯ªvZ (L) kxZj †¯ªvZ
(M) bvwZkx‡Zvò †¯ªvZ (N) K I M DfqB
4. †gvRvw¤^K I gv`vMv¯‹vi †¯ªvZ GKwU-
(K) kxZj †¯ªvZ (L) Dò †¯ªvZ
(M) µvšÍxq †¯ªvZ (N) †giæ †¯ªvZ
5. †gŠmygx evqyi cÖfv‡e DËi fviZ gnvmvM‡ii DËi DcK~j eivei †h †¯ªvZ cÖevwnZ nq Zvi bvg-
(K) †gŠmygx †¯ªvZ (L) †gvRvw¤^K †¯ªvZ
(M) Av¸jnvm †¯ªvZ (N) gv`vMv¯‹vi †¯ªvZ

c„ôv # 90 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

f‚‡Mvj I cwi‡ek BDwbU-5

cvV-5.5 †Rvqvi-fvUv (Tide and Ebb)

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-

 †Rvqvi-fvUvi msÁv I KviY ej‡Z cvi‡eb Ges
 †Rvqvi-fvUvi †kÖwYwefvM e¨vL¨v I we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã †Rvqvi, gnvKl© kw³, fvUv, †K›`ªvwZM kw³, fiv KUvj, giv KUvj|

†Rvqvi-fvUv
mgy‡`ªi cvwb wbw`©ó mgq e¨eav‡b GKB RvqMvq dz‡j I‡V Avevi Ab¨ mgq †b‡g hvq| Gi KviY g~jZ
`ywU; h_v- P›`ª-m~‡h©i AvKl©Y kw³ (hv g~jZ gnvKl© kw³) Ges c„w_exi †K›`ªvwZM kw³| mgy‡`ªi cvwbi GBiƒc
dz‡j IVv‡K †Rvqvi (Tide) Ges †b‡g hvIqv‡K fvUv (Ebb or Low Tide) e‡j| mgy‡`ªi GKB RvqMvq cÖwZw`b
`yBevi †Rvqvi I `yBevi fvUv msNwUZ nq|
†Rvqvi-fvUvi KviY : †Rvqvi-fvUvi cÖavb `ywU KviY n‡jv-
(K) gnvKl© kw³i cÖfve (The Force of Gravitational Attraction)
(L) †K›`ªvwZM/ewng©yLx kw³ (Centrifugal force)
gnvKl© kw³i cÖfve (The Force of Gravitational Attraction) : gnvwe‡k¦i me c`v_© GKwU AciwU‡K AvKl©Y
K‡i| G AvKl©Y‡K gnvKl© kw³ e‡j| G Kvi‡Y c„w_ex me©`v m~‡h©i Pviw`‡K Ges P›`ª me©`v c„w_exi Pviw`‡K
Nyi‡Q| gnvKl© kw³ wb¤œ m~Îvbyhvqx KvR K‡i|
M1 M2
F =G d2
GLv‡b, F = gnvKl© kw³
G = gnvKl©xq aªæeK
d = `~iZ¡
M1 = c„w_exi fi/AvqZb
M2 = P‡›`ªi fi/AvqZb
†K›`ªvwZM/ewngy©Lx kw³ (Certrifugal Force) : †K›`ªvwZM kw³ n‡jv, †K›`ª †_‡K Pviw`‡K wbw¶ß nIqvi
cÖeYZv| c„w_ex Zvi wbR K¶c‡_ AveZ©b Ki‡Q| d‡j c„ô n‡Z cvwb I evqy wQU‡K †h‡Z Pvq| Gfv‡e wQU‡K
covi cÖeYZv‡K †K›`ªvwZM kw³ e‡j| †Rvqvi fvUvi m„wói †¶‡Î †K›`ªvwZM kw³ GKwU cÖavb kw³ c„w_ex wbR K¶
c‡_ N~Y©‡bi mgq wb‡¤œv³ m~Îvbyhvqx †K›`ªvwZM kw³ KvR K‡i| h_v:
MV2
Fc = r
GLv‡b, Fc = †K›`ªvwegyLx kw³/‡K›`ªvwZM kw³
M = c„w_exi fi
V = c„w_exi MwZ‡eM

evwigÛj c„ôv # 91
I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

r = c„w_exi e¨vmva©
†Rvqvi-fvUvi †kÖwYwefvM (Classification of Tides) : †Rvqvi-fvUv‡K wb¤œwjwLZ PviwU fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q ; h_v :
1. gyL¨ †Rvqvi (Primary Tide)
2. ‡MŠY †Rvqvi (Secondary Tide)
3. fiv KUvj (Spring Tide)
4. giv KUvj (Neap Tide)
gyL¨ †Rvqvi (Primary Tide) : cÖavbZ P‡›`ªi AvKl©‡YB †Rvqvi-fvUv msNwUZ nq| P›`ª c„w_exi Pviw`‡K me©`v
Nyi‡Q| AveZ©bKv‡j c„w_exi †h Ask P‡›`ªi wbKUeZ©x †mLv‡b P‡›`ªi AvKl©Y me©v‡c¶v †ewk nq| d‡j Pviw`K
n‡Z cvwb G‡m P‡›`ªi w`‡K dz‡j I‡V Ges †Rvqvi nq| Giƒ‡c m„ó †Rvqvi‡K gyL¨ †Rvqvi ev cÖZ¨¶ †Rvqvi ev
Primary Tide e‡j|
†MŠY †Rvqvi (Seconday Tide) : c„w_exi †h cv‡k P›`ª AvKl©Y K‡i Zvi wecixZ w`‡K c„w_ex‡K P‡›`ªi AvKl©Y
kw³i cÖfve A‡c¶vK…Z Kg| Avevi cvwbi wb‡¤œi KwVb ¯’jfvM hv c„w_exi mv‡_ `„pfv‡e Ave×| d‡j Zvi Ici
P‡›`ªi AvKl©Y †K›`ª ¯’‡ji AvKl©‡YiB mgvb Ges
wecixZ w`‡Ki Rjivwk A‡c¶v ¯’jfvM P‡›`ªi
w`‡K †ewk AvK…ó nq| GB mgq P‡›`ªi wecixZ
w`‡Ki Rjivwki Ici gnvKl©Y kw³i cÖfve K‡g
hvq Ges †K›`ªvwZM kw³i m„wó nq| G‡Z Pviw`K
n‡Z cvwb H ¯’v‡b G‡m †Rvqv‡ii m„wó K‡i| Gfv‡e
P‡›`ªi wecixZ w`‡K †h †Rvqvi nq Zv‡K †MŠY wPÎ 5.5.1 †Rvqvi fuvUv (g~L¨ †Rvqvi I †MŠY †Rvqvi)
†Rvqvi ev c‡iv¶ †Rvqvi ev Secondary Tide e‡j
(wPÎ- 5.5.1)|
fiv KUvj ev †ZR KUvj (Spring Tide) : Agvem¨vq P›`ª I m~h© c„w_exi GKB w`‡K mgvšÍivjfv‡e Ae¯’vb K‡i
(wPÎ- 5.5.2) Ges Df‡qi wgwjZ kw³‡Z AvKl©Y cÖej nq Ges cvwb †ewk dz‡j I‡V| GB ai‡bi †Rvqvi‡K fiv
KUvj ev †ZR KUvj (Spring Tide) e‡j| Aciw`‡K c~wY©gv wZw_‡Z c„w_exi GKw`‡K m~h© Ges Ab¨w`‡K P›`ª GKB
mgvšÍiv‡j Ae¯’vb K‡i (wPÎ- 5.5.3) Ges P‡›`ªi AvKl©‡Y †hLv‡b gyL¨ †Rvqvi nq, †mLv‡bB m~‡h©i AvKl©‡Y †MŠY
†Rvqvi nq| Avevi P‡›`ªi wecixZ w`‡K †hLv‡b Zvi AvKl©‡Y †MŠY †Rvqvi nq| A_©vr c~wY©gv wZw_‡Z Dfq wecixZ
¯’v‡bB †Rvqv‡ii †eM me©vwaK nq| G‡KI fiv KUvj ev †ZR KUvj (Spring Tide) e‡j|

wPÎ 5.5.2 Agvem¨v wZw_‡Z fiv KUvj wPÎ 5.5.3 c~wY©gv wZw_‡Z fiv KUvj
giv KUvj (Neap Tide) t Aógx I GKwesk wZw_‡Z P›`ª &I
m~h© mgvšÍivj bv †_‡K DfqB c„w_exi mv‡_ GK mg‡Kv‡Y
†_‡K c„w_ex‡K AvKl©Y K‡i (wPÎ- 5.5.4)| ZLb P‡›`ªi
AvKl©‡Y †hLv‡b †Rvqvi nq m~‡h©i AvKl©‡Y †mLv‡b fvUv nq|
m~‡h©i AvKl©‡Yi Kvi‡Y P‡›`ªi w`‡K cvwb AwaK ùxZ n‡Z cv‡i
bv| GB ai‡bi †Rvqvi‡K giv †Rvqvi ev giv KUvj (Neap
Tide) e‡j| wPÎ 5.5.4 giv KUvj

c„ôv # 92 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

f‚‡Mvj I cwi‡ek BDwbU-5

Kx¶v_©xi KvR mgy`ª DcK~jeZ©x †`kmg~‡n †Rvqvi-fvUvi cÖfvemg~‡ni ZvwjKv ˆZwi Kiæb|

mvims‡¶c
gnvKl© kw³ Ges †K›`ªªvwZM kw³i Kvi‡Y mgy‡`ªi cvwb wbw`©ó mgq e¨eav‡b GKB RvqMvq dz‡j I‡V Avevi Ab¨
mgq †b‡g hvq| mgy‡`ªi cvwbi GBiƒc dz‡j IVv‡K †Rvqvi Ges †b‡g hvIqv‡K fvUv e‡j| †Rvqvi-fvUv‡K
cÖavb PviwU fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| h_v- gyL¨ †Rvqvi, †MŠY †Rvqvi, fiv KUvj I giv KUvj|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-5.5
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|
1| fiv KUvj (Spring Tide) KLb nq?
(K) Agvem¨v I c~wY©gv wZw_‡Z (L) N~wY©S‡oi mgq
(M) el©vi mgq (N) eb¨vi mgq
2| †Kvb mg‡q P›`ª, m~h© I c„w_ex mg‡Kv‡Y Ae¯’vb K‡i?
(K) fiv KUv‡ji mgq (L) giv KUv‡ji mgq
(M) gyL¨ †Rvqv‡ii mgq (N) c~wY©gvi mgq

P~ovšÍg~j¨vqb

m„Rbkxj cÖk-œ 1
wb‡¤œi wPÎwU j¶¨ Kiæb Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi w`b|

(K) Dc‡ii wPÎwU Kx‡mi?

(L) †Rvqvi-fvUvi KviY Kx?
(M) m~Î D‡jøLc~e©K †Rvqvi-fvUvi KviYmg~n e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
(N) P›`ª I m~‡h©i Ae¯’v‡bi Rb¨ †Rvqvi-fvUv‡K PviwU †kÖwY‡Z wef³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| we‡kølY Kiæb|
1bs cÖ‡kœi bgybv DËi
(K) Dc‡ii wPÎwU †Rvqvi-fvUvi g~L¨ I †MŠY †Rvqvi †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
(L) †Rvqvi fvUvi KviY : †Rvqvi fvUvi cÖavb `ywU KviY n‡jv-
(K) gnvKl© kw³i cÖfve (The Force of Gravitational Attraction)
(L) †K›`ªvwZM/ewng©yLx kw³ (Centrifugal Force)
(M) gnvKl© kw³i cÖfve (The force of Gravitational Attraction) : gnvwe‡k¦i me c`v_© GKwU AciwU‡K
AvKl©Y K‡i| G AvKl©Y‡K gnvKl© kw³ e‡j| G Kvi‡Y c„w_ex me©`v m~‡h©i Pviw`‡K Ges P›`ª me©`v c„w_exi
Pviw`‡K Nyi‡Q| gnvKl© kw³ wb¤œ m~Îvbyhvqx KvR K‡i|

evwigÛj c„ôv # 93
I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

M1 M2
F =G d2
GLv‡b, F = gnvKl© kw³
G = gnvKl©xq aªæeK
d = `~iZ¡
M1 = c„w_exi fi/AvqZb
M2 = P‡›`ªi fi/AvqZb
†K›`ªvwZM/ewngy©Lx kw³ (Centrifugal Force) : †K›`ªvwZM kw³ n‡jv †K›`ª †_‡K Pviw`‡K wbw¶ß nIqvi cÖeYZv|
c„w_ex Zvi wbR K¶c‡_ AveZ©b Ki‡Q| d‡j c„ô n‡Z cvwb I evqy wQU‡K †h‡Z Pvq| Gfv‡e wQU‡K covi
cÖeYZv‡K †K›`ªvwZM kw³ e‡j| †Rvqvi-fvUv m„wói †¶‡Î †K›`ªvwZM kw³ GKwU cÖavb kw³| c„w_ex wbR K¶ c‡_
N~Y©‡bi mgq wb‡¤œv³ m~Îvbyhvqx †K›`ªvwZM kw³ KvR K‡i|
MV2
Fc = r
GLv‡b, Fc = †K›`ªvwegyLx kw³/‡K›`ªvwZM kw³
M = c„w_exi fi
V = c„w_exi MwZ‡eM
r = c„w_exi e¨vmva©
(N) †Rvqvi fvUv‡K wb¤œwjwLZ PviwU fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| h_v:
1. gyL¨ †Rvqvi (Primary Tide)
2. †MŠY †Rvqvi (Secondary Tide)
3. fiv KUvj (Spring Tide)
4. giv KUvj (Neap Tide)
gyL¨ †Rvqvi (Primary Tide) : cÖavbZ P‡›`ªi AvKl©‡YB †Rvqvi-fvUv msNwUZ nq| P›`ª c„w_exi Pviw`‡K me©`v
Nyi‡Q| AveZ©bKv‡j c„w_exi †h Ask P‡›`ªi wbKUeZ©x nq †mLv‡b P‡›`ªi AvKl©Y me©v‡c¶v †ewk nq| d‡j Pviw`K
n‡Z cvwb G‡m P‡›`ªi w`‡K dz‡j I‡V Ges †Rvqvi nq| Giƒ‡c m„ó †Rvqvi‡K gyL¨ †Rvqvi ev cÖZ¨¶ †Rvqvi ev
(Primary Tide) e‡j|
†MŠY †Rvqvi (Seconday Tide) : c„w_exi †h cv‡k P›`ª AvKl©Y K‡i Zvi wecixZ w`‡K c„w_ex‡K P‡›`ªi AvKl©Y
kw³i cÖfve A‡c¶vK…Z Kg| Avevi cvwbi wb‡¤œi KwVb ¯’jfvM hv c„w_exi mv‡_ `„pfv‡e Ave×| d‡j Zvi Ici
P‡›`ªi AvKl©Y †K›`ª ¯’‡ji AvKl©‡YiB mgvb Ges wecixZ w`‡Ki Rjivwk A‡c¶v ¯’jfvM P‡›`ªi w`‡K †ewk AvK…ó
nq| GB mgq P‡›`ªi wecixZ w`‡Ki Rjivwki Ici gnvKl©Y kw³i cÖfve K‡g hvq Ges †K›`ªvwZM kw³i m„wó
nq| G‡Z Pviw`K n‡Z cvwb H ¯’v‡b G‡m †Rvqv‡ii m„wó K‡i| Gfv‡e P‡›`ªi wecixZ w`‡K †h †Rvqvi nq Zv †MŠY
†Rvqvi ev c‡iv¶ †Rvqvi ev Secondary Tide e‡j|
fiv KUvj ev †ZR KUvj (Spring Tide) : Agvem¨vq P›`ª I m~h© c„w_exi GKB w`‡K mgvšÍivjfv‡e Ae¯’vb K‡i
(wPÎ-1) Ges Df‡qi wgwjZ kw³‡Z AvKl©Y cÖej nq Ges cvwb †ewk dz‡j &I‡V| GB ai‡bi †Rvqvi‡K fiv KUvj
ev †ZR KUvj (Spring Tide) e‡j| Aciw`‡K, c~wY©gv wZw_‡Z c„w_exi GKw`‡K m~h© Ges Ab¨w`‡K P›`ª GKB
mgvšÍiv‡j Ae¯’vb K‡i (wPÎ-2) Ges P‡›`ªi AvKl©‡Y †hLv‡b gyL¨ †Rvqvi nq, †mLv‡bB m~‡h©i AvKl©‡Y †MŠY
†Rvqvi nq| Avevi P‡›`ªi wecixZ w`‡K †hLv‡b Zvi AvKl©‡Y †MŠY †Rvqvi nq| A_©vr c~wY©gv wZw_‡Z Dfq wecixZ
¯’v‡bB †Rvqv‡ii †eM me©vwaK nq| G‡KI fiv KUvj ev †ZR KUvj (Spring Tide) e‡j|

wPÎ 1: Agem¨v wZw_‡Z fiv KUvj wPÎ 2: c~wY©gv wZw_‡Z fiv KUvj

c„ôv # 94 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

f‚‡Mvj I cwi‡ek BDwbU-5

giv KUvj (Neap Tide) t Aógx I GKwesk wZw_‡Z P›`ª I

m~h© mgvšÍivj bv †_‡K DfqB c„w_exi mv‡_ GK mg‡Kv‡Y
†_‡K c„w_ex‡K AvKl©Y K‡i (wPÎ-3) ZLb P‡›`ªi AvKl©‡Y
†hLv‡b †Rvqvi nq m~‡h©i AvKl©‡Y †mLv‡b fvUv nq| m~‡h©i
AvKl©‡Yi Kvi‡Y P‡›`ªi w`‡K cvwb AwaK ùxZ n‡Z cv‡i bv|
GB ai‡bi †Rvqvi‡K giv †Rvqvi ev giv KUvj (Neap Tide)
e‡j| wPÎ 3 giv KUvj

DËigvjv
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-5.1 : 1. (L) 2. (N)
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-5.2 : 1. (L) 2. (M) 3.(N) 4. (L) 5.(K)
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-5.3 : 1. (K) 2.(M) 3. (K)
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-5.4 : 1. (L) 2. (M) 3.(L) 4.(L) 5. (K)
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-5.5 : 1. (K) 2. (L)

evwigÛj c„ôv # 95