QUESTIONS

Learning Objectives:
1. Understand the biological functions and controls of enzymes
2. Explain the metabolic functions of the liver in energy supply
3. Determine the pathways of glycogen synthesis and breakdown
4. Understand the different forms of energy supply for different tissues and their
pathways
5. Identify the effects of body fluid compartments, concentration of fluids and their
significance on treatment
6. Identify the different types of tissues and their functions

Questions: 
1a. Which of the following is/are correct? 
 
A. Catabolism and active transport are both endergonic reactions 
B. Anabolism uses energy produced by catabolism 
C. A competitive inhibitor binds to the active site, while an uncompetitive inhibitor 
binds to the allosteric site 
D. The main function of an enzyme is to lower the activation energy of a reaction 
 
1b. In the case of noncompetitive inhibition of the enzyme, the inhibitor: 
 
A. Is structurally related to the substrate  
B. Binds to the domain of the enzyme different from the substrate binding site  
C. Is always a metal ion  
D. Is covalently bound to the enzyme   
 
2. A deficiency of oxaloacetate would most likely increase the metabolism of which 
potential energy source? 
 
A. Acetyl Co-A 
B. Leucine, Glutamine 
C. Alanine, Aspartate 
D. Acetoacetyl-coA 
 
 
3. Fill in the blanks with the correct answer. 
  
4. Complete the table. 
Tissue  State  Main source of energy 

Skeletal muscle   At rest   

  Moderately active   

  Short bursts of energy   

  Extremely active   

  Starvation   

Myocytes  Normal   

Brain  Normal   

  Starvation   

Red blood cells   Normal   

 
 
5. Complete the table 
  Normal saline (NS)  D5W  I litre Whole Blood 

Contents  1 litre 0.9% Saline  1 litre Dextrose 5%    

solution (NaCl) 
Osmolality       
(Isotonic, 
hypotonic, 
hypertonic) 

Compartments(I      
CF, ECF → 
plasma/interstit
ial fluid) 

When is it used        

 
SAQ: A patient has lost 1 liter of blood, and you are required to restore that volume 
quickly while waiting for a blood transfusion to arrive from the blood bank.  
a) Which would be better to administer : 5% dextrose in water or 0.9% Nacl in 
water? (Hint: Think about how these solutes distribute in the body.) Defend 
your choice. 
b) How much of your solution of choice would you need to administer to return 
blood volume to normal? 
 
 
6. Identify the function of the tissue in the diagram 
 

 
  
 I. Protection 
II. Secretion 
III. Lubrication 
IV. Absorption 
  
A. I & II only 
B. II & III only 
C. I, II & IV only 
D. II, III & IV only 
E. I, II, III & IV 
 
7. Which of the following is not a fixed connective tissue? 

A. D.  

B. E.  

C.  
 
 
8. Describe how the branches in glycogen are removed? (SAQ) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9. Why is liver glycogen used instead of muscle glycogen when fasting? 
 
A. Muscle cells convert glucose to lactate 
B. Muscle cells have no debranching enzyme 
C. Muscle cells have no glucose-6-phosphatase 
D. Muscle cells directly convert glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate 
E. Liver supplies enough glucose and there is no need for muscle to metabolise 
glycogen. 
 
 
10. Which is not correctly matched with its embryological derivative? 
 
A. Dorsal root ganglia-neural tube(ectoderm) 
B. Skull-endoderm 
C. Epithelium of GIT- endoderm 
D. Blood- mesoderm 
 
11) Compare cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle cells. 

Cardiac muscle  Skeletal muscle  Smooth muscle