Name : Rut Uli Arta Siregar

Class : TK-6A

Exercise A Rephrasing

Re-write the following sentences, replacing the words in italics with expressions from the
passage which have a similar meaning.

1. A lamp converts electrical energy into light.

2. The generator provides the circuit with electromotive force.
3. The metal frame of the oscilloscope is part of the transmission system
4. The rheostat controls the current flow in the circuit
5. A battery of solar cells supplies power to the circuit
ANSWERS:

1. A lamp transforms electrical energy into light, or A lamp changes electrical

energy into light
2. The generator supplies the circuit with electromotive force
3. The metal casing of the oscilloscope is part of the transmission system
4. The rheostat manages the current flow in the circuit
5. A battery of solar cells provides power to the circuit

Exercise B Contextual Reference

What do the pronouns in italics in these sentences refer to?

1. Current moves from a point of high potential energy to one of low potential (line 1)
(a) Current
(b) Energy
(c) A point
Answer: B. Energy
2. For example, it may be a generator or a battery. (line 7)
(a) The source
(b) A device
(c) Electromotive force
Answer: A. The source
3. It is often possible, however, for the metal frame of a unit to be one section of its
transmission system. (line 13)
(a) The metal frame’s
 (b) The unit’s
(c) The circuit’s
Answer: A. The metal frame’s

4. Although the function of this circuit is much more complex than that of the
flashlight, it too consists of the four basic elements. (line 27)
(a) This circuit
(b) The function
(c) The flashlight
Answer: B. The function

Exercise C Checking Facts and ideas

Decide if these statements are true or false. Quote from the passage to support your
decisions.

1. A difference in potential is required before current can flow in a circuit.

(True, “This established the difference in potential which makes current flow
possible” -line 6)

2. A generator is a source of electromotive force. (False, because the generator is not

the only source of electromotive force, “This source can be any device which
supplies electrical energy. For example, it may be a generator or a battery. –
line 7&8)

3. Loads convert electrical energy into light and heat. (True, “The load converts the
electrical energy from the source into some other form of energy. For
instance, a lamp changes electrical energy into light and heat. – Line 9&10).

4. Transmission systems must consist of wires. (False, “Any conductor can be part of
a transmission system” – Line 13).

5. A rheostat may be used as a control. (True, “It may control the current by
limiting it, as does a rheostat, or by interrupting it, as does a switch”. – Line
18)

6. The load in the flashlight circuit is a bulb. (True, “The load is a 0.3 W bulb” – Line
21)

7. The source in the satellite circuit is a solar cell. (True, “Here, the source is a
battery of solar cells” – Line 24)
 8. The current flow in the satellite circuit is regulated by a relay. (True. “The control
is a relay actuated by transmissions from ground control” - Line 27)

9. The flashlight circuit differs basically from the satellite circuit. (False. Because
basically, they are the same: have four basic elements, “Although the function
of this circuit is much more complex than that of the flashlight, it too consists
of the four basic elements.” – Line 28)

Exercise D Describing function

When we answer the question, what does X do? We describe the function of X

Example:

What does a fuse? It protects a circuit.

We can emphasize function by using this pattern:

The function of a fuse is to protect a circuit.

Now, identify these components using Appendix 3 if necessary. Explain the function of each
component with the help of this list.

(a) Adds capacitance to a circuit

(b) Rectifies alternating currents
(c) Adds resistance to a circuit
(d) Measures very small currents
(e) Breaks a circuit
(f) Protects a circuit
(g) Varies the current in a circuit
(h) Transforms AC Voltage
(i) Receive RF signals
(j) Selects a frequency

Answers:

1. Question : What does a resistor?

Answer : It adds resistance to a circuit.
The function of a resistor is to adds
resistance to a circuit
2. Question : What does a capacitor?
Answer : It adds
capacitance to a circuit.
The function of a capacitor is to adds
capacitance to a circuit.

3. Question : What does a potentiometer?

Answer : It varies the current in a circuit.
The function of a potentiometer is to
vary the current in a circuit.

4. Question : What does a variable capacitor?

Answer : It selects a
frequency.
The

function of a variable capacitor is to

select a frequency.
5. Question : What does a trans formator?
Answer : It transforms AC Voltage.
The function of a trans formator is to
transforms AC Voltage.

6. Question : What does a fuse?

Answer : It protects a circuit.
The function of a fuse is to protect a
circuit.
7. Q u e s t i o n
Answer : It Breaks a circuit.
The function of a circuit breaker is to
breaks a circuit.
8. Q u e s t i o n
Answer : It measures very small currents.
The function of a milliammeter is to
measures a very small current.
9. Question : What does a diode?
Answer : It rectifies alternating currents.
The function of a diode is to rectify alternating
currents

10. Q u e s t i o n
Answer : It received RF
signals.
The function of an antenna is
to receive RF signals.

Exercise E Describing Purpose

When we answer the question What is X for? We describe the purpose of X.

Example

What is an ammeter for? It is for measuring current.

Other ways we can describe the purpose of an ammeter are:

1. It is used for measuring current.

2. It is used to measure current.
3. We measure current with an ammeter.
4. We measure current using an ammeter.
Now describe the purpose of these instruments and tools using any of the structures
presented above.

1. A voltmeter
2. A soldering iron
3. A milliammeter
4. An oscilloscope
5. A heat sinks
6. Wire-clippers
7. A megohmmeter
8. An ohmmeter
9. A signal generator
10. A battery charger
Answers:

1. A voltmeter
 What is a voltmeter for? It is for measuring the potential difference, or voltage,
between two points in an electrical or electronic circuit.
Other ways we can describe the purpose of a voltmeter are:
1. It is used for measuring the potential difference, or voltage, between two
points in an electrical or electronic circuit.
2. It is used to measure the potential difference, or voltage, between two points
in an electrical or electronic circuit.
3. We measure the potential difference, or voltage, between two points in an
electrical or electronic circuit. with a voltmeter.
4. We measure the potential difference, or voltage, between two points in an
electrical or electronic circuit using a voltmeter.
2. A soldering iron
What is a soldering iron for? It is for melting the solder so that it can flow into the
joint between two workpieces.
Other ways we can describe the purpose of soldering iron are:
1. It is used for melting the solder so that it can flow into the joint between two
workpieces.
2. It is used to melt the solder so that it can flow into the joint between two
workpieces.
3. We melt the solder so that it can flow into the joint between two workpieces
with a soldering iron.
4. We melt the solder so that it can flow into the joint between two workpieces
using a soldering iron.
3. A milliammeter
What is a milliammeter for? It is for measuring small electric currents.
Other ways we can describe the purpose of a milliammeter are:
1. It is used for measuring small electric currents.
2. It is used to measure small electric currents.
3. We measure small electric currents with a milliammeter.
4. We measure small electric currents using a milliammeter.
4. An oscilloscope
What is an oscilloscope for? It is for displaying a waveform.
Other ways we can describe the purpose of a milliammeter are:
1. It is used for displaying a waveform.
2. It is used to display a waveform.
3. We display a waveform with an oscilloscope.
4. We display a waveform using an oscilloscope.
5. A heat sinks
What is a heat sink for? It is for transferring the heat generated by an electronic or a
mechanical device to a fluid medium.
Other ways we can describe the purpose of a milliammeter are:
 1. It is used for transferring the heat generated by an electronic or a mechanical
device to a fluid medium.
2. It is used to transfers the heat generated by an electronic or a mechanical
device to a fluid medium.
3. We transfer the heat generated by an electronic or a mechanical device to a
fluid medium with a heat sink.
4. We transfer the heat generated by an electronic or a mechanical device to a
fluid medium using a heat sink.
6. Wire-Clippers
What is a wire-clippers for? It is for cutting of the wire.
Other ways we can describe the purpose of a wire-clippers are:

1. It is used for cutting off the wire.

2. It is used to cut off the wire.
3. We cut off the wire with a wire-clippers.
4. We cut off the wire using a wire-clippers.
7. A megohmmeter
What is a megohmmeter for? It is for measuring a very high resistance.
Other ways we can describe the purpose of a megohmmeter are:
1. It is used for measuring a very high resistance.
2. It is used to measure very high resistance.
3. We measure a very high resistance with a megohmmeter.
4. We measure a very high resistance using a megohmmeter.
8. An ohmmeter
What is an ohmmeter for? It is for measuring electrical resistance.
Other ways we can describe the purpose of an ohmmeter are:
1. It is used for measuring electrical resistance.
2. It is used to measure electrical resistance.
3. We measure electrical resistance with an ohmmeter.
4. We measure electrical resistance using an ohmmeter.
9. A signal generator
What is a signal generator? It is for generating a signal for testing purposes.
Other ways we can describe the purpose of an ohmmeter are:
1. It is used for generating signals for testing purposes.
2. It is used to generate a signal for testing purposes.
3. We generate a signal for testing purposes with a signal generator.
4. We generate a signal for testing purposes using a signal generator.
10.A battery charger
What is a battery charger for? It is for putting energy into a secondary cell or
rechargeable battery.
Other ways we can describe the purpose of an ohmmeter are:
 1. It is used for putting energy into a secondary cell or rechargeable battery.
2. It is used to put energy into a secondary cell or rechargeable battery.
3. We put energy into a secondary cell or rechargeable battery with a battery
charger.
4. We put energy into a secondary cell or rechargeable battery using a battery
charger.

EXERCISE F

Questions from the Table

NUMBER 1

1. What does the brightness control do ?

Answer : The brightness control varies the intensity of the beam.
2. What is the brightness control for ?
Answer : the brightness control is for varying the intensity of the beam
3. How does the brightness control work ?
Answer : the brightness control varies the intensity of the beam by varying the
negative potential on the grid.

NUMBER 2

1. What does the X-Shift control do ?

Answer: the X-Shift control moves the trace a long the X axis.
2. What is the X-Shift control for ?
Answer: the X-Shift control is for moving the trace along the X axis.
3. How does the X-Shift control work ?
Answer : the X-Shift control moves the trace a long the X axis by Altering the biasing
of the X amplifier.

NUMBER 3

1. What does the Y-Shift control do ?

Answer: : the Y-Shift control moves the trace a long the Y axis
2. What is the Y-Shift control for ?
Anwer: the Y-Shift control is for moving the trace along the Y axis.
3. How does Y-Shift control work ?
Answer: the Y-Shift control moves the trace a long the Y axis by Altering the biasing
of the Y amplifier.

NUMBER 4
 1. What does the coarse frequency control do ?
Answer: the coarse frequency control selects the approximate time base frequency.
2. What is the coarse frequency control for ?
Answer: the coarse frequency control is selecting the approximate time base
frequency.
3. How does the coarse frequency control work ?
Answer: the coarse frequency control selects the approximate time base frequency
by selecting a capacitor in the time base oscillator.

NUMBER 5

1. What does the fine frequency control do ?

Answer: the fine frequency control adjusts the timebase frequency.
2. What is the fine frequency control for ?
Answer: the fine frequency control is adjusting the timebase frequency.
3. How does fine frequency control work ?
Answer: the fine frequency control adjusts the timebase frequency by varying a
resistor in the timebase oscillator.

NUMBER 6

1. What does the Y-Gain control do ?

Answer: the Y-Gain control controls the signal amplifier.
2. What is the Y-Gain control for ?
Answer: the Y-Gain control is for controlling the signal amplifier.
3. How does Y-Gain control work ?
Answer: the Y-Gain control controls the signal amplifier by altering the gain of the Y
amplifier.

EXERCISE G Explaining Control

1. MULTIMETER
What can digital multimeter measure?
Answer : A digital multimeter is a test tool used to measure two or more electrical
values principally voltage (volts), current (amps) and resistance (ohms). Digital
multimeters combine the testing capabilities of single-task meters the voltmeter
(for measuring volts), ammeter (amps) and ohmmeter (ohms). A digital
multimeter is a test tool used to measure two or more electrical values principally
voltage (volts), current (amps) and resistance (ohms). It is a standard diagnostic
tool for technicians in the electrical/electronic industries.

Explaining Control Multimeter :

  Scale
1. What does the scale control do ?
Answer: the scale control displays the scales of a measurement results.
2. What is the scale control for ?
Answer: the scale control is for displaying of quantity as measured.
3. How does scale control work ?
Answer: the scale control shows the numbers of what was measured.
 KNIFE- EDGE POINTER
1. What does the knife – edge pointer control do ?
Answer: the knife – edge pointer control shows of a measurement results.
2. What is the the knife – edge pointer control for ?
Answer: the knife – edge pointer control is for measuring kind of quantity as
measured.
3. How does the knife – edge pointer control work ?
Answer: the knife – edge pointer control showing the measurement results of device
as measured by the AC current flows from the device as measured to the
multimeter.

2. TRANSMITTER

Explaining control transmitter :

What does the transmitter control do ?

Answer : the transmitter control emits the radio signals that are picked up by
the receiver and control the vehicle.

What is the function a transmitter ?

Answer : A transmitter is an electronic device used in telecommunications to
produce radio waves in order to transmit or send data with the aid of an antenna.
The transmitter is able to generate a radio frequency alternating current that is then
applied to the antenna, which, in turn, radiates this as radio waves.

3.  RECEIVER 
Explaining control receiver :
What does the receiver control do ?
Answer : the receiver control receives the radio signals from the transmitter or a
receiver is a device which receives the signal waves television.. This is also what the
ESCs will plug into.

EXERCISE H
 1. A generator is an instrument which converts mechanical energy into electrical
energy.
2. An insulator is a material which does not readily release electrons.
3. An alternating current is a current which flows first one direction, then in the other.
4. A direct current is a current which flows in one direction only.
5. A resistor is a material which impedes the flow of current in a circuit.
6. A conductor is a material which readily releases electrons.
7. A light meter is a device which measures light.
8. An ammeter is a device which measures current.

EXERCISE I

1. A voltmeter
A voltmeter is a device which measures electrical voltage.
2. An electric motor
An electric motor is an instrument which converts electrical energy into mechanical
energy.
3. A receiver
A receiver is a device which receives the signal waves television.
4. A transmitter
A transmitter is a device which sends a measurement signal from a differential
pressure gauge.
5. An electrical cell
An electrical cell is device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical
reaction.

EXERCISE J Relative clauses3: adding information to a passage.

1. Relay
Relay is a component electromechanical (statement)
It functions to decide and connect electric current (statement)
It is restricted wear and tear from sparks or oxidation (qualification)
The material doesn’t make from platina, golden or silver (reason)

Relay is a component electromechanical which decides and connects electric current but It
is restricted wear and tear from sparks or oxidation because the material doesn’t make
from platina, golden or silver but it makes from iron
 Exercise L

The resistance of windings. statement

The farad is too large a unit. statement
Higher standards of accuracy are needed. qualification
The very high powers required. qualification
They do not absorb so much power from the circuit reason
= The resistance of windings because the farad is too large a unit because of higher
standards of accuracy are needed because the very high powers required because of they
don't absorb so much power from the circuit

Exercise M

1. Electric current is voltage over resistance

2. Capital B is proportional to the capital H
3. Power P equals squared electric current multiply by resistor is forty watt
4. Voltage V equals electrical charge divided by Coulomb is one point six times ten to
the power of minus three divided by twenty times ten to the power of minus six is
eighty volt
5. Impedance Z equals the root of squared resistor plus open bracket RL in inductive
reactance minus RC in capacitive reactance in bracket squared is three hundred
thirty three ohms
6. Voltage V equals I in electric current times one over omega multiply by C in
capacitor
7. Frequency equals one over two phi multiply C in capacitor multiplied XC in
capacitive reactance is seventy nine point five hertz
8. Gamma is one over rho
9. relative frequency is one over two phi times LC in inductance and Capacitors in
bracket to the power of half
10. Voltage over Impedance is I in electric current is VY in capitals

Exercise N
1. R 4 = A twenty ohm resistor
2. R 9 = A one hundred ohm resistor
3. C 5 = A fifteen nanofarads electrolytic capacitor
4. C 1 = A two point two microfarads electrolytic capacitor
5. F 1 = A one point twenty five ampere
6. L 1 = A one point four millihenry inductance
7. R L = A four or two ohm resistor
8. R 8 = A one hundred ohm resistor

GUIDED WRITING

STAGE 1

a) Which
A resistor is a device
A resistor is used to add resistance to a circuit
= A resistor is a device which used to add resistance to a circuit
b) Both
Many types of resistors are made
Fixed and variable resistor are made
= Many types of resistor both fixed and variable resistor are made
c) Either ... or
Most resistors are made from two materials
Resistance wire and compressed graphite are used
= More resistors are made from two materials either resistance wire and
compressed are used
d) Such as, which
Wire wound resistors consist of a coil of resistance wire
Nichrome is a resistance wire
The resistance wire is wound on a former
= Wire wound resistors consist of a coil of resistance wire such as Nichrome which
wound on a former
e) To
A ceramic coating is applied over the winding
The ceramic coating insulates the winding
= A ceramic coating is applied over the winding to insulates the winding
f) For example
For small currents, carbon resistors are used
Small currents are usual in radio work
= For small currents carbon resistors are used for example in radio work
g) Which
Carbon resistors are made of compressed graphite
The graphite is formed into small tubes
= Carbon resistors are made of compressed graphite which formed into small tubes
h) Which
Connections are made with wires
The wires are attached to the ends of the resistor
= Connection are made with wires which attached to the ends of resistor
i) Either … or
Variable resistors may have a coil of resistance wire
Variable resistors may have a carbon track
= Variable resistor may have either a coil of resistance wire or a carbon track
j) So that
The wire or track is mounted
A sliding contact can rub over it to select the resistance required
= the wire or track is mounted so that a sliding contact can rub over it to select the
resistance required