COMPRESSION SPRING DESIGN (Static Loads)

the design methodology

the Desired Maximum Force is typically your design choice, fully DETERMINED by d, D, & material
The optimized Safe Spring approaches yield stress when the coils just touch (i.e. the "yield" pitch)
The Desired STROKE then determines the number of coils needed
Juvinall's book describes presetting (i.e. work hardening) which allows higher STATIC working stresses
* - Select These Items in Blue
SHIGLEY'S ANALYSIS (Ssy=43%Sut)
quantities Music Wire 302 SS 1/2H BeCu 3/4H BeCu
* E - Youngs Modulus (psi) 30000000 28000000 19000000 19000000 Std. AWG Size Table
* (1+n) 1+poisson's ratio 1.29 1.29 1.29 1.29 AWG #
* d - Wire Diameter (inch) 0.080 0.080 0.090 0.090 34
Ssy - Shear Yield Stress 123280 105669 86000 88150 32
* D - Nominal Spring Dia. 0.800 2.180 1.700 2.180 30
C - Spring Index (D/d) 10.0 27.3 18.9 24.2 28
Kw - Wahl Correction 1.14 1.05 1.07 1.06 26
Fmax - Yield Thrust (lbs) 27.05 9.27 13.47 10.94 24
pmax - Yield Pitch (inch) 0.313 1.808 1.186 1.966 22
* p - Chosen Pitch (inch) 0.500 1.500 0.650 1.000 20
* Na - Nr Active Coils (n=1) 25.0 12.5 9.5 11.5 18
K - Spring Constant (lb/in) 4.65 0.43 1.29 0.51 16
Lo - Solid Height 2.16 1.12 0.99 1.17 14
Lf - Free Height 12.66 18.91 6.36 11.68 12
* L1 - Operating Ht 2.00 4.40 5.35 4.40 10
F(L1) - Force at L1 49.58 6.23 1.30 3.69
F(Lo) - Force at Lo 48.84 7.63 6.94 5.33

* - Select These Items in Blue

JUVINALL'S ANALYSIS assumes "presetting" (Ssy=65%Sut)
quantities Music Wire 302 SS 1/2H BeCu 3/4H BeCu
* E - Youngs Modulus (psi) 29000000 29000000 29000000 29000000
* (1+n) 1+poisson's ratio 1.29 1.29 1.29 1.29
* d - Wire Diameter (inch) 0.080 0.080 0.090 0.090
Ssy - Shear Yield Stress 123280 105669 86000 88150
* D - Nominal Spring Dia. 1.700 2.180 1.700 2.180
C - Spring Index (D/d) 21.25 27.25 18.89 24.22
Kw - Wahl Correction 1.07 1.05 1.07 1.06
Fmax - Yield Thrust (lbs) 13.67 9.27 13.47 10.94
pmax - Yield Pitch (inch) 1.247 1.748 0.808 1.319
* p - Chosen Pitch (inch) 1.000 1.620 0.870 1.500
* Na - Nr Active Coils (n=1) 10.5 12.5 9.5 11.5
K - Spring Constant (lb/in) 1.12 0.44 1.98 0.77
Lo - Solid Height 0.96 1.12 0.99 1.17
Lf - Free Height 10.66 20.41 8.45 17.43
* L1 - Operating Ht 5.35 4.40 5.35 4.40
F(L1) - Force at L1 5.92 7.11 6.11 10.08
F(Lo) - Force at Lo 10.82 8.57 14.72 12.58
D, & material

working stresses

Std. AWG Size Table

decimal in.
0.0063
0.0079
0.0100
0.0126
0.0159
0.0201
0.0253
0.0320
0.0403
0.0508
0.0641
0.0808
0.1019
Dia of Wire
Mean Diam of Spring
No. of Springs
Axial Load
Load Per spring
Modulus of rigidity
No. of coil turn
d mm 14
D mm 114
QTY 4
T 14
W
N 137340
N 34335
W
T 3.5
G KN/mm2 84
n 4.75

N/mm2 or
Premissiable Shear stress 350
MPA

Neglect the effect of curvature (considered Load on spring)

Spring Index C mm 8.14285714286
Shear Stres Factor Ks 1.06140350877
Max Shear Stress
(Neglect the effect of wire τ N/mm2 3855.4797755
curvature)
Deflection of Spring δ mm 599.023380362
Deflection per active turn δ/n mm 126.110185339
Considered effect of wire curvature (considered Load on spring)
Stree Factor K 1.18052631579
Max Shear Stress
(Neglect the effect of wire τ N/mm2 4288.18568749
curvature)

Neglect the effect of curvature (considered Premissiable stress)

N 3116.92725672
Axial Load W
T 0.31772958784
Deflection of Spring δ mm 54.3792719285
Deflection per active turn δ/n mm 11.4482677744

Considered effect of wire curvature (considered Premissiable stress)

Stree Factor K 1.18052631579
N 2802.40896168
Axial Load W
T 0.28566859956
Deflection of Spring δ mm 48.8920486205
Deflection per active turn δ/n mm 10.2930628675