Unit 6 – Gases

Time Frame 5 weeks

Competencies
C1. Demonstrate understanding of the behaviour of gases.
C2. Show skill in solving problems using mathematical calculations.
C3. Understand gas laws and principles involved in some technologies.

CHARLES’S LAW

Time Frame 2 sessions

I. Learning Objectives
At the end of the session, the students must be able to apply Charles’s law. They must
be able to:
1. Describe the relationship between temperature and volume;
2. Find the temperature or volume, given the initial and final states of the gas; and
3. Make calculations using Charles’s law.

II. Subject Matter

A. Topic: Charles’s Law

B. References
1. Department of Education, Culture and Sports. (1991). Science and
Technology III. Quezon City: Book Media Press, pp. 72-74.
2. Brown, Theodore l., LeMay, H. Eugene Jr., and Bursten, Bruse E.,
Chemistry the Central Science, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2000, pp. 358-359
3. Kapauan, Amando, F., Cuyegkeng, Ma. Assunta C. (1990).Creative
Chemistry, Manila: Cacho Publishing House, Inc. pp. 70-72

B. Materials
Water bath or aluminium pot for boiling water
Glass bottle with cap
Thermometer
Marker pen
Alcohol burner

III. Learning Tasks

A. Recall and Motivation
1. What are the parameters that describe a gas? What are its properties?
2. If you fill a balloon to its limit and then put it under the hot sun, what do you
think will happen?
B. Lesson Proper
1. Activity: “Charles’s Law” (SAS 6-03a)
a. Clean and dry the glass bottle. Make a hole in the screw cap.

b. Immerse the bottle in the water bath. Use rubber gloves to protect your
hands from the heat later on. It is advisable to clamp the bottle if it is
possible.

c. Heat the water bath and monitor the temperature. Heat until the
temperature remains constant preferably to boiling or to 70oC.

d. From this point in the experiment, work fast. With the help of a pair of
tongs, seal the screw cap with adhesive. Then turn the battle upside down
in the water bath, so that water covers only the cap and neck of the battle.

e. Unscrew the cap and allow water to enter the bottle.

f. Let the bottle and the water cool to room temperature and measure the
temperature of the water. You can use another container with water and
check if you get the same room temperature. Otherwise, wait until the
temperature of the water is roughly the same.

g. Adjust the bottle so that the water level in the bottle is at the same level
outside and mark the level of the water.

h. Add ice to the water. Submerge the bottle in the ice water for about 10
minutes. Get the temperature.

i. Adjust the bottle so that the water level in the bottle is at the same level
outside and mark the level of the water.

2. Discussion / Concept Formation

a. What is the initial volume and temperature? (T1= 70oCor the boiling point
temperature; V1= volume of the bottle)

b. What is the second volume and temperature? (T2= room temperature; V2=
volume of water up to the mark in the bottle). What is the third
combination?
 Temperature Volume
T1 V1
T2 V2
T3 V3

c. Graph V vs. T.

3. Activity: “ Exercises” (SAS 6-03b)

a. A fixed amount of gas occupies a syringe with a volume of 5.0L. Its
temperature is 30oC at a pressure of 1.00atm. What will be its temperature
if the volume expands to 7.0 L at the same pressure?

b. A certain amount of gas at 25oC occupies a container with an adjustable

volume. It currently has a volume of 10.5 L. What would its volume be if
gas were heated to 40oC at the same pressure?

c. A certain amount of gas occupies a container with an adjustable volume.

At a particular volume, its temperature is 20 o C. What will be its volume if
they were heated to twice the original temperature?

4. Discussion/ Concept Formation

a. A fixed amount of gas occupies a syringe with a volume of 5.0L. Its
temperature is 30oC at a pressure of 1.00atm. What will be its temperature
if the volume expands to 7.0 L at the same pressure?

Solution:
T1= 30+273.15= 303 K
V1 V2
=
T1 T2

5.0 L 7.0 L
=
303 K T2

(7.0 L)( 303 K )

T2 =
5.0 L
T2 = 424 K

b. A certain amount of gas at 25oC occupies a container with an adjustable

volume. It currently has a volume of 10.5 L. What would its volume be if
gas were heated to 40oC at the same pressure?

Solution:
 T1= 25+273.15= 298 K
T2= 40+273.15= 313 K
V1 V2
=
T1 T2

10.5 L V2
=
298 K 313 K

(10.5 L)(31 3 K )
V2 =
298 K
V2 = 11.0 L

c. A certain amount of gas occupies a container with an adjustable volume.

At a particular volume, its temperature is 20 o C. What will be its volume if
they were heated to twice the original temperature?

Solution:

V1 V2
=
T1 T2

V1 V2
=
T1 2T 1

V 1 x2T 1
V2 = T1
V2 = 2 V1
This means that the new volume will be twice the original volume.

C. Generalization
1. Volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature, when pressure and
amount of gas are constant.
2. This is stated in Charles’s law.

D. Application/ Valuing
Why do we have to keep containers with gases under cool conditions?