Unit 4 – Solutions

Time Frame 5 weeks

Competencies
C1. Gain understanding of solutions and the dissolving process.
C2. Appreciate solutions at work in the natural environment.
C3. Understand the concepts of mole, solution, solvent, solute, solubility, and
concentration.

SATURATED, UNSATURATED, AND SUPERSATURATED SOLUTIONS

Time Frame 2 sessions

I. Learning Objectives
At the end of the session, the students must be able to explain how solutions are
formed. They must be able to:
1. Describe how temperature affects solubility;
2. Compare and contrast saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated solutions;
3. Appreciate the importance of different types of solutions in daily life

II. Subject Matter

Topic: Types of solutions, the dissolving process.

A. References
1. Department of Education, Culture and Sports. (1991). Science and
Technology III. Quezon City: Book Media Press, pp. 129-130.
2. Brown, Theodore l., LeMay, H. Eugene Jr., and Bursten, Bruse E.,
Chemistry the Central Science, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2000, pp. 474-
475.
3. Chemistry, Addison Wesley pp. 459.
4. Mapa, Fidilino, Rabago, Chemistry: Science & Technology III, pp.
236.
B. Materials
Water
Salt
Test tube
Alcohol burner

III. Learning Tasks

A. Recall and Motivation
1. How do substances dissolve?
2. Sugar dissolves easily in water. Suppose you want make super sweet
lemonade. You stir two, three, four or more- teaspoons of sugar into a cup
of water and all the crystals of sugar dissolve. But you reach a point when
the sugar no longer dissolves. This means that the glass of water already
contains the maximum amount of sugar it can hold at room temperature.
At this point, the solution is already saturated.

B. Lesson Proper
 1. Activity: “Dissolving Salt” (SAS 4-04)
a. Place 10 ml of water into a test tube. Add pinch of the sodium
chloride crystal and shake the contents thoroughly. Observe
what happens.
b. Continue adding the crystals little by little (tip of spatula). Shake
the test tube after each addition. Keep adding sodium chloride
crystals little by little until the crystals no longer dissolve.
c. Add extra pinch when the point is reached that the crystals no
longer dissolves.
d. Heat the test tube until the solution almost boils. Observe what
happens.
e. Then add sodium chloride again until no more crystals can be
dissolved.
f. Allow the solid particles that did not dissolve to settle at the bottom
of the test tube.
g. Separating the liquid from the settled crystals at the bottom of the
test tube by using medicine dropper.
h. Discard the solid particles and allow the clear liquid to cool.
Cooling may be done by immersing the test tube in a beaker filled
with ice (ice bath).
i. When the system has cooled add pinch of the crystal. Observe what
happens.

2. Discussion / Concept Formation

a. What happened to the sodium chloride crystals when the added to
5ml of water?
b. Explain the observed solubility in terms of the factor” nature of
solute and solvent.”
c. Was there a limit to the amount of solute that was continuously
added? How can you tell?
d. Using the factors on solubility, explain why the excess solute
disappeared after heating the solution.
e. What happened when you added sodium chloride crystals to the
test tube immersed in an ice bath?
f. What is solubility?
g. How does solubility vary among different solutes?
h. How does solubility vary for the same solute at different
temperature?
i. How would you differentiate between, saturated, unsaturated, and
supersaturated?
j. In the activity performed, which is the unsaturated solutions?
Saturated solution? Supersaturated solution?
k. How do you that the solution is saturated? Unsaturated?
Supersaturated?

C. Generalization
a. Solubility is defined as the maximum amount of solute dissolved by a
given amount of solvent at a definite temperature.
b. The solubility of the given subatances in a given solute is temperature-
dependent.
 c. Solution containing the maximum amount of solute at room temperature is
saturated. When more solute is added into the solution the solute will jo
longer dissolve.
d. If the solution contains the maxi u m amount of solute at an elevated
temperature the solution is supersaturated. When more solute is added into
the solution, crystal will form.
e. If the solution contains less quantity of solute than what can be dissolved
at room temperature it is unsaturated. When more solute is added into
solution the solute dissolves.

D. Application/ Valuing
1. Have you tried preparing coffee in cold water? Do you think the coffee,
cream and sugar will dissolve in a given solvent?
2. Why do doctors advise us to drink at least 8-10 glasses of water daily?
Food is better assimilated in our system when dissolved in water.

E. Evaluation
Multiple Choices
1. The solubility of a solute is indicated by the
a. The temperature of the solution
b. The quantity of solute
c. The quantity of solvent
d. All of these
2. A solution can be both
a. Saturated and unsaturated
b. Saturated and supersaturated
c. Unsaturated and supersaturated
d. Dilute and unsaturated
3. When another crystal was added to a water solution of the same substance,
the crystal seemed to remain unchanged. Its particles
a. go into an unsaturated solution
b. Exchange places with others in the solutions
c. Cause the solution to become supersaturated
d. Not going into the solution I n this static condition