CRIMINALISTICS 1 in 164 billion

Personal are the same

Identification  Willian J.
(Fingerprint) Herschel- value
 Dactyloscopy- of friction
fingerprint ridges
identification  Richard Edward
 Fingerprint- Henry- father
referred to of fingerprint
papillary of  Marcelo
frictional Malpighi-
ridges Italian
appearing by anatomist
print  Dermis- inner
impression layer
 Sir Francis  Epidermis-
Galton- British outer layer
Anthropologist;
 People of phil. to erase his
Vs Medina- fingerprints
first conviction  Epidermal
based on ridges are
fingerprint developed in
 Principle of fetus
Individuality-  Friction ridges-
no two raised strips
fingerprints are  Furrows-
exactly alike depression or
 Principle of canal between
Permanency- the ridges
configuration  Post- mortem
of ridge details fingerprint-
 John Dellinger- taking of
notorious fingerprint of
gangster; tried deceased
 Robert James for personal
Pitt- the man identification
without  AFIS
fingerprints ( Automated
 Edgeoscopy- F.I. System)-
found along computerized
the edges of system of
individual reading and
fingerprint classifying
 Incipient ridge- fingerprints
small  Primary
percentage; Classification-
narrow and summation of
often all numerical
 Ridgeology- values assigned
study of to whorl
uniqueness of patterns
friction ridge
 Secondary right little
Classification- finger
Capital letter  Key- ridge
on two index count of first
fingers; small appearing loop
letters (atr)  Scarred
 Sub- patterns-
secondary unclear
classification- impression
index, middle  M 32 W MMM-
and ring fingers classification of
 Major fingers
classification or M 32 W MMM
division- thumb amputated or
 Final missing
classification- at birth
loop on the
 Police and evidence
Photography for laboratory
works
 Photography-  White light-
art or process without tint of
of producing any color
image with the  Light – radiant
action of light energy seen by
 Police the naked eye
Photography-  Blue + Red=
preparation of Magenta
photographic  Green + Blue=
evidence for Cyan
police work  Red + Green=
 Forensic Yellow
Photography-  Magenta+
documenting Cyan= Blue
crime scene
 Cyan + Yellow= light does not
Green pass through
 Magenta +  Joseph
Yellow= Red Nicephore
 Color Filter- Niepce-
transmit its heliographic
own color and drawings;
absorb contact print
 Reflection- image
rebouncing  Louis Jacques
 Refraction- Mande
bending of light Daguerre-
passing from mercury fumes
one medium to  John F.W
another Herschel-
 Diffraction- coined the
opaque object; word
photography,
 suggest introduce
positive and Kodak camera
negative  Small aperture-
 J.W Draper- F/22
first to produce  Medium
photographs Aperture- F/8-
portrait Hazy
 James Clark  Large Aperture-
Maxwell- F/2- cloudy
father of color  Depth of field-
photography; distance from
research color nearest to the
 George farthest
Eastman  Focal length-
Kodak- owner distance from
of Kodak optical system
company;  Focal distance-
distance to the
 object from most
lens sophisticated
 Hyperfocal type of camera
distance-  Emulsion layer-
distance most sensitive
beyond all part of the film
object  Astigmatism-
 Focal point- failure of the
point initially lens to produce
collimated rays point image
 Single lens  Chromatic
reflex camera- aberration-
determine failure of the
entire coverage lens to focus all
of camera visible rays
 View or press  Spherical
camera- aberration-
biggest and failure of the
 lens to bring all  Zoom lens-
rays of light focal length can
 Coma- unequal be adjusted
magnifying continuously
power  Cinematograph
 Wide angle y- motion
lens- focal picture
length is less photography
than the 
diagonal Questioned
 Normal lens- Document
focal length
approximately  Standard
equal Document-
 Telephoto lens- authentic
focal length is document
twice the  Document-
diagonal; material things
 that convey a  Commercial
meaning or Document-
message to business rights
someone and obligations
 Public  Holographic
Document- will- entirely
open for public written
scrutiny  Notarial will-
 Official notary public
Document- with two
perform witness
function;  Addition-
official capacity supplemented
 Private document
Document-  Erasure-
individual removal of
capacity writing
 Holographic  Obliteration-
Document- blotting by
completely covering
written  Opinion- base
 Disputed on expert’s
Document- belief
controversial  Counterfeit-
 Examination- bills, coins, fake
to discover the documents
facts  Analysis-
 Identification- observed or
detection or measured
discovering  Comparison-
 Insertion- unknown
addition of determined
writing through
analysis; known
items
 Evaluation- signatures and
certain value type writing
for  Shadowgraph-
identification formed by
 Accuracy- casting a
result obtain shadow
and the truth  Ultra violet
 Precision- lamp- used to
consistency of detect security
result obtained features
escaped  Infrared
 Off- hand viewer-
opinion- not decipher
based on writing in
scientific charred
examination document
 Measures of (partially
test plates- use damage)
 Oblique light  Block/printed-
examination- all capital
one side of a letters
very low angle  Dysraphia-
 Indented deficiency in
writing- visible ability to write
depressions properly
 Charred paper-  Alignment-
partially writing
damage direction
 Hand writing-  Angular forms-
complicated stopping/
series acts; changing
visible speech directions
 Cursive-  Collation- side
connected by side
 Script- examination
separated
 Comparison- disconnected
setting two or form script
more items  Movement-
 Downstroke- mobilized
pen toward the  Microscopic
writer examination-
 Graphology- art discover
of determining minute details
character  Pen emphasis-
 Left- handed intermittently
writing- wrong forcing the pen
hand writing  Pen pressure-
 Line quality- average force
over all  Quality-
characters of distinct or
ink lines peculiar
 Manuscript  Rhythm-
writing- regular or
 periodic  Baseline-
recurrences imaginary
 Shading- alignment
widening of ink  Blunt-
lines beginning and
 Slope or slant- ending stroke
angle or  Body- main
inclination portion
 Speed of  Cacography-
writing- rate or bad image
velocity writing
 Variation-  Calligraphy-
changes beautiful
 Arc- the top writing
curve  Diacritic- added
 Ascender- top stroked to
portion complete
 Hesitation- continuity of
irregular strokes
thickening  Tremor- shaky
 Hiatus- gap or strokes
skip in  Upstrokes- pen
handwriting away from the
 Hook- curve or writer
ankle  Occasional-
 Hump- upper individual hand
portion writing
 Knob- extra  Uniformity-
deposit ink smooth,
 Majuscule- rhythmic
capital letters  Ambidextrous
 Minuscule- Ability to write
small letters left or right
 Movement hand-
impulses-
 Assisted without any
signature- similarity
guided  Counterfeiting-
signature imitate the real
 Cross mark- thing
signed by cross  Falsification-
word Fraudulent of
 Forduland- forging
forge documents
 Direct tracing-  Forgery-
transmitted making altering
light of documents
 Indirect  Anachronism-
tracing- carbon wrong in time
tracing and place
 Spurious  Watermark-
signature- translucent
simple forgery; design
 Papyrus- first  Type writer-
ancient writing keyboard
 Parchment- system
skin of animal  Original
 Phoenician keyboard- 42
writing- old letters & 84
ancient writing character
 China- first  Pica Typeface-
writing ink 10
 Pen nibs- tip characteristics
point  Elite typeface-
 Stamp pad 12 characters
inks- ink or  Defect- any
solvent that abnormality
dried quickly  Off its feet-
 Script ink- heavier on one
colorless side or corner
 Fischoff Henry Mill in
Method- The 1714
upside down Forensic Ballistics
handwriting  Ballistics-
comparison science of
 Ribbon motion of
impression- projectiles
cloth ribbon  Interior
 Rebound- ballistics- inside
double the gun
impression  Exterior
 Transitory ballistics- after
defect- left the gun
temporary  Muzzle blast-
defect muzzle point
 First patent-  Muzzle energy-
Queen Anne of energy point
England to
 Trajectory- identification
actual curved of firearms
path straight  Yaw- rotating
distance unstable
 Range- motion
 Velocity- speed  1313-
of the bullet gunpowder as
 Penetration- a propellant
depth entry on  Smooth bore
target firearms- no
 Terminal riflings
ballistics-  Artillery- more
impact on the than one inch
target in diameter
 Forensic  Small arms-
ballistics- less than one
investigation inch in
and diameter
 Shoulder arm-  Pistol- fire a
normally fired single projectile
from shoulder for every press
 Hand arms- of trigger; semi
fired using one -automatic
hand loading
 Musket-  Cartridge-
ancient smooth complete
bore and round
muzzle loading ammunition
 Carbine- barrel  Cartridge case-
measuring not metallic
longer 22 container; shell
inches or casing
 Revolvers-  Primer- metal
rotating cup
cylinder  Gunpowder-
ignited by the
 primer flash  Cannelures-
propellant serrated
 Bullet- grooves
propelled from  Crimp- part of
the firearm or the mouth of
gun case that hold
 Pellets- for the bullet
shotguns  Base- bottom
 Lead bullet- portion of the
lead or alloy case
 Jacketed bullet-  Shoulder-
approximately support the
90% made of neck
copper  Anvil- portion
 Vent or of the primer
flashholes- hole  Component of
in the web or ammunition
bottom
 :Potassium  Twist of Rifling-
Nitrate, twist whether
Sulphur and right or left
charcoal  Chamber mark-
 Potassium striated action
Chlorate mark
Nitrate- 45%  Firing pin
 Black powder- impressions-
oldest powder indentations of
 Smokeless firing pin of
powder- less firearm
amount of  Breech face
smoke marks-
 Pitch of rifling- impressed
one complete action mark on
turn cartridge case
 Colt type- 6GL-
LHT
 Evidence  firearms by
bullet- left means of
 Test bullet- ammunition
right  Terminal
 Helixometer- Velocity- the
measure pitch speed
of riffling of  Terminal
firearms Penetration-
 Caliper- the target
measurement
of diameter  Col. Calvin H.
 Onoscope- Goddard-
examine the father of
internal surface modern
of the bore ballistics
 Taper gauge-  Rimfire
determine bore cartridge-
diameter
 bullet breach projectiles
up more than one
 Centerfire- inch in
marked by diameter
begging of  Rifle- operated
rapid from shoulder
development  Shotgun-
of the smooth- bore
centerfire breach loading
cartridge shoulder
 Barrel- a designed to fire
complete a number of
firearm lead pellets
 Rifled firearms-  Pistol- hand
has riflings arm pistol, a
 Artillery- type single fire
of firearms that
propel
 Revolver-  Lead bullets-
rotating metal alloy
cylinder  Primer pocket-
 Primer- metal holding primer
cup, with highly securely in
sensitive central position
priming  Black powder-
mixture 75% potassium
 Gunpowder- nitrate, 10% of
propellant or sulphur and
powder charge 15% of
 Bullet- charcoal
projectile  Smokeless
propelled powder- does
through the not give off
barrel of the huge cloud of
firearm white smoke
 Land marks-
caused by the  Hans Gross-
lands father of
 Groove marks- criminalistics
helical portion  Angelo Mosso-
of fired bullets studied fear
caused by the (sphygmomano
grooves meter)
 Lands and  Stigmata-
grooves marks- impressed
called rifling supernatural
marks found on  William
cylindrical or Moulton-
 Ogive :Nose systolic blood
peripheral pressure;
surface of fired galvanograph
bullets  John Larson-
Polygraphy Inventor of
 polygraph 2. John
machine Dellinger –
 Munsterburg- 3. Bright
blood pressure sunlight –
for deception uniform or
detection distinct shadow
 Verguth- 4. Single lens
psycho- reflect camera
galvanic reflex 5. ASA –
 Sticker- arithmetical
galvanograph 6. Coma –
for deception unequal
7. Exemplar –
CRIMINALISTICS sample
1. Dactyloscop 8. Holographic
y – fingerprint will – entirely
identification written
9. Script – disputed
when writing document
manuscript 16. Exterior
10. Pen ballistics – left
pressure – the gun
average force 17. Pneumogra
11. Majuscule – ph – breathing
capital letters 18. Galvanogra
12. Beard – ph – skin
beginning 19. Polygraph
stroke examiner
13. Patching – 20. Shutter
going back 21. Applying
14. Retracing – etching reagent
high lightened 22. Pattern area
stroke – bounded by
15. Controversi type lines
al document –
23. Heredity 30. Latent
(SITUATIONAL) prints
24. Opium 31. Index,
poppy middle, ring –
25. Left thumb sub secondary
and little finger classification
– third pair of 32. Relaxed
primary 33. Accidental
classification whorl – two or
26. Key more different
27. Major type of pattern
28. All can be 34. Bullet –
found in projectile
accidental propelled
whorl – through the
(except) barrel
29. Visible 35. Exposure –
prints
36. Focal length normal
– tracing/relevan
37. Electromagn t question
etic radiation 44. Deformity –
38. Light physical
39. Front view ugliness
whole body 45. Dislocation
40. Visible light – displacement
41. Lesser 12inches or
46.

degree of 24inches –
writing speed – distance of
heavy writing gunfire
pressure
42. Pretest
interrogation –
20-30 minutes
43. Specific
response –