Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1. Layers: MSMA
Mucosa: ELM
i. Muscularis mucosa: inner circular, outer longitudinal
ii. Auerbachs in bet inner and outer muscalaris
2. Oral cavity
i. No muscularis mucosa in the lips, cheeks and soft palate
ii. Tongue is skeletal muscle
1. Dense CT
2. Lingual papillae: (projections on the dorsum of the tongue)
a. Filiform, Foliate, circumvallate, fungiform. Confined confined to the
dorsum of the tongue
i. Filiform: most numerous, slender and tapering
ii. Fungiform: flattened surface, broader than filiform, CT has
capillaries (kaya mukang red dots on our tongue). OCCASIONAL
TASTE BUDS
iii. Circumvallate: LARGEST BUT FEWEST. Cylindrical and its base is
surrounded by a canal or moat lateral surface contains 200-300
taste buds
iv. Foliate: parallel low ridges. Contains numerous taste buds at its
lateral wall. The only projection that is continuous. STRATIFIED
SQUAMOUS, NON-KERATINIZED
v.
2. Taste buds are ovoid structures
3. ESOPHAGUS
i. Epithelium: NON-KERATINIZED STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS but at the gastroesophageal
junction it becomes simple columnar
ii. Z-line: most common site for esophageal cancer
iii. Esophageal cardiac glands: simple tubular in the lamina propria
iv. Esophageal glands t the submucosa
v. Muscle is skeletal but INVOLUNTARY
4. STOMACH
i. Mucosa
1. EPITHILIUM: simple tall columnar
a. Surface mucous cells (yung nasa top lang and not the pits): majority of
the cells. Forms the gastric barrier. Produces mucus and bicarbonate ions.
(mucus neck cells only produce mucus)
b. Enteroendocrine cells. Also found in the gastric pits
2. Gastric foveola or pits: invagination of the epithelium towards the lamina
propria
3. Glands are in the lamina propria
a. 5 types of cells that comprise the fundic glands
i. Parietal/ oxyntic: most easily identifiable cell bec it is intensly
eosinophilic bec it contains numerous mitochondria. Pyramidal
shape with tubular invaginations at the apex. HCL and intrinsic
factor
ii. Zymogenic/chief: comprises majority of the cells in the fundic
glands. BASOPHILIC. Low columnar. Maraming rough ER.
iii. Mucus neck: looks like zymo but only produces mucus only
iv. Stem: renew
v. Enteroendocrine: hormone producing. Silver staining
2. Gastric mucosal barrier:
a. Contact epithelium: tight junctions/ zonula occludens
2. Muscles
a. Inner: oblique
b. Mid: circular
i. Aurbach's
b. Outer: longitudinal
2. Small intestine
i. Duodenum: brunner's glands
ii. Epithelium: simple columnar
1. Types of cells: all equipped with villi
a. Enterocytes: majority. TALL COLUMNAR ABSORPTIVE CELLS
b. GOBLET
c. Membranous
2. Intraepithelial lyphocytes: (IELT)
a. T-cells
2. Crypts of lieberkuhn
a. Formed by the invagination of the intestinal epithelium into the lamina
propria
b. Types of cells:
i. Stem cell
ii. Enterocytes: mature: absorptive (more luminal) but if
immature: secretory (found in the crypts)
iii. Goblet
iv. Paneth: basal part. Large pyramidal cells. With coarse
eosinophilic granules. Oooohhh it secretes antimicrobial peptides:
destroys enteric pathogens. Contributes to intestinal homeostasis. If
malfunctioning: CROHN'S disease, an inflammatory bowel disease
v. enteroendocrine
2. Large intestines:
Accessory GI (all are important here, he just looked at his notes and
just pointed important things out)
1. Major salivary glands
a. Parotid- largest of the salivary glands and purely serous. Best developed duct system.
The main duct is the STENSENS DUCT
b. Sabmandibular- it is a mixed gland. But most secretory units are serous. Serous
demilunes of giannochi? Main excretory duct is the WHARTON'S DUCT (lolec's duct)
c. Sublingual- smallest gland. Also mixed but most of the secretory units are mucus. Ducts
of Rivinus and Bartholin (is this the one beside the wharton's?)
2. Pancreas
a. Islets of langerhan's
b. Exocrine is 98% of the FUNCTION
main duct: WIRSUNG
Accessory duct: SANTORINI
3. LIVER
a. Producing erythro and something poetin
b. Portal triad: interlobular branch of hepatic artery, bile duct, portal vein
i. (insert photo here)
b. Classical hepatic lobule: polygonal structure. 3 corners are the portal area that contains
the triad. (for the anatomical structure of the liver