6.

2 Earth Layers

Basic questions
LP1 – The crust

1) What are the three main layers of the geosphere

_______________________________________________________________

2) Answer by true or false

a- ________ As you move inwards from the surface of Earth toward the
center, the temperature and the pressure decrease.
b- ________ The crust is the outermost layer of Earth.
c- ________ The crust is the thinnest under huge mountains and thickest
under the ocean.
d- ___________The crust is the thinnest layer.
e- ____________ The crust is the innermost layer of Earth.
3) How many types of crust are there, and what are they?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

4) Use the following terms to fill in the boxes

basalt granite continental oceanic

Both the continental and oceanic crusts are composed of rocks. The oceanic crust
is mostly composed of _________, a dark and dense rock. The continental crust
contains many rock types including ________, a hard multi-colored rock. The
rocks of the _________ crust are denser than those of the _________ crust.

LP2- Relate the lithosphere, asthenosphere and mantle

1) Define the following terms:

a- Mantle: _____________________________________________________
b- Lithosphere:__________________________________________________
c- Asthenosphere:_______________________________________________
2) Answer by True or False
a- _______The mantle is the thickest layer of Earth.
b- _______ The mantle consists of an upper and a lower mantle.
c- _______ The upper most layer of the mantle is called the asthenosphere.
d- _______ The upper and lower mantle make up the asthenosphere.
 e- _______ The material in the lower mantle is the same as that in the upper
mantle.

LP3- Explain how material in the mantle moves by convection

1) Define convection

____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

2) Fill in the blanks using the appropriate phrases from the box

Sink to the bottom - less dense – heats – rise towards - cool

Convection occurs in the mantle because Earth’s hot core ________ nearby
rocks. The hot rocks become ____________ and _____________ Earth’s surface.
Once near the surface, the hot rocks of the mantle eventually ___________ and
_________________ of the mantle

3) Answer by True or False

a- _________ The circulation of material in the mantle is very fast.
b- _________ It can take a piece of rock near Earth’s core millions of
years to rise up through the mantle.
c- _________ The circular motion of the material in the mantle is
termed conduction.

LP4- Describe the inner and outer core

1) Fill in the blanks

The core is the __________________ layer of Earth. The core is composed
mainly of ______________ and ________________.
2) Match
___ 1. Core a- a layer of molten metal
___ 2. Outer core b-the innermost part of Earth that is divided
into two layers
___ 3. Inner core c- a ball of dense, solid iron

3) Answer True or False

a- ________ The inner and outer cores have different properties
b- ________ The extreme pressure within earth squeezes the hot metal
of the outer core, causing it to remain solid despite high temperature
c- ________ The outer core surrounds the inner core and is a layer of
molten metal.
d- ______________ the inner core is made of dense solid iron.
LP5 – Explain how a compass works using Earth’s magnetic field

1) Define a compass
______________________________________________________________

2) Fill in the blanks with appropriate words

The Earth behaves like a giant bar ________ with _________ and ________
poles. The instrument that detects Earth’s magnetic _______ is a compass. Its
needle responds to the ________ exerted by Earth’s magnetic _______. As a
result of this interaction, a compass needle always points toward Earth’s
geographic ______ Pole.

LP6 – Explain one theory to describe the formation of Earth’s layers

1) Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words to explain the theory that
describes the formation of the Earth’s layers
The solar system that includes Earth formed around ____________ years
ago. Earth formed when small bits of material _______ and ________
together. As more material was added, the planet grew ________. The
___________ and the Earth's gravity generated great ________. Earth
became a glowing ball of ________. Earth is still ________ off after this
event. For this reason, the temperature ___________ steadily from the crust
toward the core.

2) Answer by true or false

a- ________ The collisions and the Earth’s gravity generated electricity
b- ________ The temperature increases steadily from the crust toward the
core.
c- ________ The core is still very hot, with heat left over from when Earth
originally formed.

LP7 – Recognize that the density of Earth layers increases as you move inwards
from the surface

1) Choose the correct answer

As you go inwards from the surface, the density of Earth layers
a- Gradually increases
b- Gradually decreases
c- Decreases, then increases
d- Increases, then decreases
e- Stays the same
 Basic Questions

6.2

Answer key
LP1 – The crust

1) The three main layers of the geosphere are the crust, the mantle, and the
core.

2) a- False
b-True
c-False
d-True
e - False
3) There are two types of crust: continental crust and oceanic crust.
4) Basalt, granite, oceanic, continental

LP2- Relate the lithosphere, asthenosphere and mantle

1)
a- The mantle is the layer of Earth below the crust.
b- Lithosphere is the most rigid Earth’s layer, formed of earth’s crust and the
uppermost layer of the mantle.
c- Asthenosphere is the hot layer of rock below the lithosphere.

2) a-True
b-True
c-False
d-False
e-False

LP3- Explain how material in the mantle moves by convection

1) Convection is the circular movement that results from hotter material rising
and cooler material sinking.
2) Heats, less dense, rise towards, cool, sink to the bottom
3) a-False
b-True
c-False

LP4- Describe the inner and outer core

1) innermost, iron, nickel

 2) 1-b, 2-a, 3-c
3) a-True
b- False
c-True
d-True

LP5 – Explain how a compass works using Earth’s magnetic field

1) A compass is an instrument that detects Earth’s magnetic field.

2) Magnet, north, south, field, force, field, North.

LP6 – Explain one theory to describe the formation of Earth’s layers

1) 4.6 billion, collided, joined, larger, collisions, heat, rock, cooling, increases
2) a- False

b-True

c-True

LP7 – Recognize that the density of Earth layers increases as you move inwards
from the surface

1) a