Consult

PROJECT : ss1

JOB NO :
DESIGNED BY : dong xi
DATE : 7-Sep-20

STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF BOX CULVERTS ( HB HIGHWAY LOAD )

CULVERT NO. : 1.00m x 1.00m

INPUT DATA

DIMENSIONS OF R.C BOX

Internal width = 1000 mm A D

Internal height = 1000 mm
Wall thickness = 230 mm
Slab thickness = 230 mm
Effective width = 1230 mm
Effective height = 1230 mm B C

ASSUMPTIONS

Thickness of pavement = 90 mm Wearing = 40 mm

Binder = 50 mm
Unit weight of soil = 20 kN/m3
Unit weight of concrete = 24 kN/m3
Unit weight of pavement = 24 kN/m3
Soil cover = 0 mm
::
LOADING

HB wheel load = 62.5 kN/wheel NORMALLY USE 25 UNIT HB = 45*2.5=62.5KN/WHEEL

Max.coefficient of lateral
earth pressure = 0.6
Min.coefficient of lateral
earth pressure = 0.2

PARTIAL FACTOR OF SAFETY

(BASED ON BS5400:PART 2)

Dead load (concrete) = 1.15

Superimposed dead load = 1.75
HB Highway load = 1.30
Earth pressure = 1.50
ULS for concrete = 1.15

MATERIAL PROPERTIES

2
fcu = 30 N/mm
2
fy = 460 N/mm
::

documents.pub_single-box-culvert-structural-design-15m-x-15m 1
 BOX CULVERT ANALYSIS

UNFACTORED LOAD

Self weight of top slab = 5.52 kN/m2

Weight of walls = 7.56 kN/m2
Weight of pavement = 2.16 kN/m2
Weight of soil cover = 0.00 kN/m2
HB Highway load = 85.61 kN/m2

*Note:
Dispersion of wheel load is taken as 2:1 in soil (BS5400 :pt 2)
For depth of fill 6.0m > depth > 1.8m , consider 2 axles only

L= 1.89 m (longitudinal dispersion)

B= 3.09 m (transverse dispersion)

ANALYSIS OF BOX
(A) CASE 1 : For max.BM and shear on wall & max. hogging
BM at corners, consider max. lateral earth
pressure acting on the wall in empty
condition.

P1 ------> ! A where
! P1, P2 = earth pressure
!
!
P2 ------> ! B

2
P1 = 22.93 kN/m

2
P2 = 48.39 kN/m

2
Top slab pressure = 139.64 kN/m

2
Base pressure = 149.64 kN/m
::
Loading is symmetrical about the vertical centreline
of the box.

-FEM(AD) = 17.61 kNm/m

FM(AD) = 26.41 kNm/m
FEM(AB) = 4.17 kNm/m
-FEM(BA) = 4.82 kNm/m
FM(AB) = 6.74 kNm/m
FEM(BC) = 18.87 kNm/m
FM(BC) = 28.30 kNm/m

Moment distribution (case 1):

distribution factor ,
DF(AD) = DF(BC) = 0.33 I(slab) = 1013916667 mm4
DF(AB) = DF(DC) = 0.67 I(wall) = 1013916667 mm4

Joints A B
AD AB BA BC
DF 0.33 0.67 0.67 0.33
FEM -17.6 4.2 -4.8 18.9
4.5 9.0 -9.4 -4.7
-4.7 4.5
1.6 3.1 -3.0 -1.5
-1.5 1.6
0.5 1.0 -1.0 -0.5
-0.5 0.5
0.2 0.3 -0.3 -0.2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-10.9 10.9 -12.0 12.0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
::
(B) CASE 2 : For max.sagging moment in the top & bottom
slab, consider min.lateral earth pressure
acting on the box.

2
P1 = 7.64 kN/m

2
P2 = 16.13 kN/m

FEM(AB) = 1.39 kNm/m

FM(AB) = 2.25 kNm/m
-FEM(BA) = 1.61 kNm/m
Moment distribution (case 2):
Joints A B
AD AB BA BC
DF 0.33 0.67 0.67 0.33
FEM -17.6 1.4 -1.6 18.9
5.4 10.8 -11.5 -5.8
-5.8 5.4
1.9 3.8 -3.6 -1.8
-1.8 1.9
0.6 1.2 -1.3 -0.6
-0.6 0.6
0.2 0.4 -0.4 -0.2
---------------------------------------
-9.5 9.5 -10.5 10.5
---------------------------------------

documents.pub_single-box-culvert-structural-design-15m-x-15m 2
 DESIGN MOMENT ENVELOPE
Hogging moment at bottom corners = 12.00 kNm/m 12.00

Hogging moment at top corners = 10.90 kNm/m 10.90

Sagging moment at top slab = 16.94 kNm/m 16.94

Sagging moment at bottom slab = 17.83 kNm/m 17.83

Hogging moment of wall = 4.71 kNm/m -4.71

SHEAR
cover to rebar = 50 mm
size of rebar = 12 mm dia. for Slab.
10 mm dia.for Wall.
Critical shear section is at distance 2*d from the
face of support.
Shear in base slab :
Effective depth, d = 174 mm
Shear V = 22.75 kN/m
Shear in wall :
Effective depth, d = 175 mm R1" = 6.44
P3' = 38.76
Shear V = 5.18 kN/m P3" = 12.92

REINFORCEMENT DESIGN
Hogging Steel at Bottom Corners :
(i) Slab
K= 0.013216776 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 171.41 > 165.3
As(req)= 181 mm2/m
(ii) wall
K= 0.013066158 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 172.42 > 166.25
As(req)= 180 mm2/m

Hogging Steel at Top Corners :

(i) Slab
K= 0.01199689 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 171.65 > 165.3
2
As(req)= 165 mm /m

(ii) wall
K= 0.011860174 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 172.66 > 166.25
2
As(req)= 164 mm /m
::
Sagging Steel at Top Slab :
K= 0.018649174 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 170.32 > 165.3
2
As(req)= 256 mm /m

Sagging Steel at Bottom Slab :

K= 0.01962779 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 170.12 > 165.3
2
As(req)= 269 mm /m

Hogging Steel in Wall :

K= 0.005123193 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 174.00 > 166.25
2
As(req)= 71 mm /m
Minimum Steel Ratio Required For Tension
& Distribution Steel = 0.15%
(i) Slab
2
As (min) = 261 mm /m
(ii) Wall
2
As (min) = 263 mm /m

REINFORCEMENT PROVISION
(A) SUPPORT STEEL
(I) TOP SLAB
use Y 12 spacing 300 c/c
2
As (req) = 261 mm /m
2
As (prov) = 377 mm /m

(II) BOTTOM SLAB

use Y 12 spacing 300 c/c
2
As (req) = 261 mm /m
2
As (prov) = 377 mm /m

(III) WALL
use Y 10 spacing 250 c/c
2
As (req) = 263 mm /m
2
As (prov) = 314 mm /m

documents.pub_single-box-culvert-structural-design-15m-x-15m 3
 (B) MIDSPAN STEEL
(I) TOP SLAB
use Y 12 spacing 300 c/c
2
As (req) = 261 mm /m
2
As (prov) = 377 mm /m
::
(II) BOTTOM SLAB
use Y 12 spacing 300 c/c
2
As (req) = 269 mm /m
2
As (prov) = 377 mm /m

(III) WALL
use Y 10 spacing 250 c/c
2
As (req) = 263 mm /m
2
As (prov) = 314 mm /m

SHEAR CHECK
(i) Base
Shear = 22.75 kN
Shear stress v = 0.13 N/mm2
ps = 0.22 %
vc = 0.50 N/mm2 * Shear is OK.

(ii) Wall
Shear = 5.18 kN
Shear stress v = 0.03 N/mm2
ps = 0.18 %
vc = 0.47 N/mm2 * Shear is OK.

documents.pub_single-box-culvert-structural-design-15m-x-15m 4