MG^JYJNMN OYMA_M^JYM OFO >

WHWJ (Jlikrcmtjkl Wogurjty Cmlmhocolt Wystoc, JWCW)

WJW^OCMW NO HOW^JKL NO WOH_RJNMN

HR_PK 0==

JLHOLJORM6 FOLLZ MRGKW

NJOHK MAOTMLNOR NJMV HMRGJM

F_AJML NMYJN RJKW DORRORM

I_LNMGJ×L _LJYORWJ^MRJM NOA ÍROM MLNJLM

 

JL^RKN_GGJ×L

Oa pros
prosol
olto
to tr
trmb
mbmf
mfk
k tjol
tjolo
o gkck
gkck kb
kbfo
fotjtjvk
vk no
noto
togt
gtmr
mr rj
rjos
oshk
hks,
s, mc
mcol
olmz
mzms
ms,,
vual
vualor
ormbj
mbjajajnm
nmnos
nos no ulm ro
ron
n oc
ocpr
prosm
osmrj
rjma,
ma, ho
holo
lorm
rmlnk
lnk ul paml
paml no ho
host
stj÷
j÷l
l no
sohurjnmn m ostm ron ocprosmrjma.
Am sohurjnmn ol ulm ron so dm vuoatk cuy jcpkrtmlto ol luostrks tjocpks nobjnk
m am hakbmajzmgj÷l y tmcbjêl ol ostks tjocpks ol quo nobocks trmbmfmr ol
luostrms gmsms pkr oa tocm no am gumroltolm pkr oa GKRKLMYJR_W.

‑Os jcpkrtmlto rosmatmr quo oa mggosk m ams ^JG os ul norogdk ducmlk ostjpuamnk
ol am aoy =8=2 no 20=> (Mrtjguak >), lkrcm quo tjolo gkck kbfotk rohuamr oa
norogdk y am hmrmlt
hmrmltãm
ãm no mggosk m am jlikrc
jlikrcmgj÷l
mgj÷l pöbajgm
pöbajgm,, bmfk aks prjlgjpj
prjlgjpjks
ks no am
cíxj
cíxjcm
cm pu
puba
bajg
jgjn
jnmn
mn pm
pmrm
rm oa tjtjtu
tuam
amrr ul
uljv
jvors
orsma
ma,, am tr
trmls
mlspm
pmrol
rolgj
gjm,
m, oa mggos
mggosk
k m am
jlikrcmgj÷l pöbajgm, am lk njsgrjcjlmgj÷l, am jhumanmn, oltro ktrks– UGJ^M^JKL Rjg20 Qa

:229 S.

KBFO^JYKW

- Notogtmr aks rjoshks, mcolmzms y vualormbjajnmnos ol ul sjstocm no ulm

ocprosm.

- Holormr ul paml no hostj÷l pmrm cjtjhmr tknms ostms mcolmzms.

- Pklor ol prígtjgm aks gklkgjcjoltks mnqujrjnks ol am cmtorjm

2
 

NOWMRRKAAK

=. Oamb
Oambkr
krmr
mr ul ml
mlía
íajs
jsjs
js no ams
ams vual
vualor
ormb
mbjajajn
jnmn
mnos
os no am ro
ron
n qu
quo
o dm volj
voljnk
nk

trmbmfmlnk.

 M gkltjlumgj÷l vorocks am jcmhol no am Ron Jlikrcítjgm quo so vm m

mlmajzmr 

Ostm jcmhol gkrrospklno

gkrrospklno m am tkpkakhã
tkpkakhãm
m no am ron jlikrc
jlikrcítjgm
ítjgm no ul pmrquom
pmrquomnork,
nork,
 M M gkltjlumgj÷l olulgjmro aks oqujpks quo so olguoltrml maaã6

- =7 jltorikljms
- = ostmgj÷l no trmbmfk
- > oltrmnms
- > gmforks Mutkcmjgks
- > smajnms
- 7 Wwjtgd (Ostks trmlspkrtml am jlikrcmgj÷l no ams oltrmnms, smajnms, gmforks,
jltorikljms, ostmgjklos no trmbmfk y am olvãm m ul Wwjtgd GKRO)
- = sw
swjtjtgd
gd GK
GKRO
RO (O
(Ost
sto
o ro
rogk
gkho
ho tknm
tknm am jlik
jlikrc
rcmg
mgj÷
j÷l
l no ostk
ostkss 7 sw
swjtjtgd
gd
olulgjmnks mltorjkrcolto y am olvãm ma sorvjnkr)
- = sorvjnkr (Ol osto sorvjnkr so macmgolm tknm am jlikrcmgj÷l)

- = ijrowmaa (Osto prktoho am ron no pksjbaos mtmquos jltorlks y oxtorlks).

7
 

Nospuês no vor aks oqujpks quo tjolo am ron prkgonocks m romajzmr oa mlíajsjs
no ams vualormbjajnmnos no ostm ron6

- Gamvos no _sumrjk lk gmcbjmnms.

- Oqujpks solsjbaos m gmcbjks no vkatmfo.
- Cmltoljcjoltk cma romajzmnk.
- Imatm no nkgucoltmgj÷l no ospogjijgmgjklos no am ron.
- Imatm no oqujpks no rospmank.
- Gkpjm no am bmso no nmtks lk gklstmlto
- Bmfm sohurjnmn pmrm mggosk rocktk
- Porcjsks no mgtjvjnmnos sjl gkltrka no aks usumrjks
- Bmfm sohurjnmn ol aks oqujpks

- Gmbaomnk gkl bmfm sohurjnmn

2. Mlmajgo ams pksjbaos mcolmzms quo puonol aaohmr m miogtmr oa

iulgjklmcjoltk no am gkcpmýãm.

 Ma mlmajzmr am ron so jnoltjijgmrkl ams sjhujoltos mcolmzms6

- Nmýks romajzmnks pkr ktrms porsklms.

- Pêrnjnm no Oaogtrjgjnmn.
- Rkbk no mahöl oqujpk.
- Jlstmamgj÷l no Wkitwmro lk porcjtjnk.
- Cma iulgjklmcjoltk no mahöl oqujpk no am ron.
- Gmcbjks lk mutkrjzmnks no am gklijhurmgj÷l.
-  Mggosks m porsklms lk mutkrjzmnms
- Nmýks m am gklijhurmgj÷l.
- Njvuahmr ams gkltrmsoýms
- _sk jlnobjnk no aks oqujpks

>
 

7. No
Nosmr
smrrk
rkaaaao
o ul paml
paml no ho
host
stj÷
j÷l
l no rj
rjos
oshks
hks no soh
sohur
urjn
jnmn
mn jl
jlik
ikrc
rcít
ítjg
jgm
m (no
mguornk gkl am JWK 2800? y am huãm 8 noa cjljstorjk no am ^JG), ol nklno
pmrm gmnm mcolmzm y vualormbjajnmn so holoro ul paml no mggj÷l quo
cjljcjgo oa jcpmgtk.

^oljolnk
^oljolnk ol guoltm ams mcolmzms y ams vualormbjajnmnos
vualormbjajnmnos no aks pultks mltorjkros
so holorml ams sjhujoltos mggjklos6

Yualormbjajnmnos

- Gamv
Gamvos
os no _sum
_sumrj
rjk
k lk
lk ggmc
mcbj
bjmn
mnms
ms6 Holormr gkl ams porsklms quo cmlofml
oa sjst
sjstoc
ocm
m ul
ulms
ms lk
lkrc
rcms
ms pm
pmrm
rm am gr
grom
omgj
gj÷l
÷l y cmlo
cmlofk
fk no gklt
gkltrm
rmso
soým
ýms.
s.
^mcbjêl dmgor quo oa sjstocm ma ckcoltk no gromr ams gkltrmsoýms tolhml
gjortms lkrcms no sohurjnmn y quo soml gmcbjmnms gjortk porjknk.

- Oq
Oquj
ujpk
pkss sol
solsj
sjba
baos
os m gmc
gmcbjbjks
ks no vkat mfoo6 Jlstmamr _PW‚s gkl suijgjolto
vkatmf
gmpmgjnmn no skpkrtmr am gmrhm pmrm gmnm soggj÷l, os nogjr, sorjml > _PW.
_lm pmrm am pmrto no smajnms, ulm pmrm oltrmnms, ulm pmrm gmforks y am
uatjcm ol nklno ostí oa sorvjnkr oa swjtgd GKRO y ijrowmaa. ^mcbjêl tolor am
ron oaêgtrjgm jlnopolnjolto.

- Cml
mlto
tolj
ljcj
cjol
oltk
tk cma
cma ro
roma
majjzm
zmn
nk6 Gmp
Gmpmgj
mgjtmr
tmr gkl
gklstm
stmlto
ltocol
colto
to ma pors
porsklm
klmaa
olgmrhmnk no ostm ambkr. ^mcbjêl so nobo no romajzmr ostm ambkr ol
porjknks lk cuy amrhks sohöl ospogjijquo oa imbrjgmlto.

- Im
Imat
atmm no nkg
nkguc
ucol
oltm
tmgj
gj÷l
÷l no os
ospo
pogj
gjij
ijgm
gmgj
gjklos no am ron6 Romajzmr ul
klos
NKWJOR gkl tknm am jlikr
krc
cmgj÷l no
noaa sjst
sto
ocm gkl cmlum
umaaos y
ospogjijgmgjklos no gklijhurmgj÷l. ^mcbjêl romajzmr ulm nkgucoltmgj÷l no
gmnm cmltoljcjoltk provoltjvk y gkrrogtjvk noa sjstocm

- Im
Imat
atmm n
noo oqu
oqujp
jpks
ks no ro
rosp
spma
mank
nk6 Jlstmamr oqujpks quo dmhml ronulnmlgjm, os
nogjr quo ostêl gkck bmgeup k quo ma ckcoltk quo aaohuo m imaamr mahöl
oqujpk jlconjmtmcolto osto oqujpk no rospmank ocpjogo m iulgjklmr.

?
 

- Gkpjm no am bmso no nmtks lk gklstmlto 6 Romajzmr ul prktkgkak no

gromgj÷l no bmgeup ol njsgks nurks oxtorlks ol nklno osto lk so utjajgo ol
ktrk auhmr.
^mcbjêl gklijhurmr oa sjstocm m quo osto dmhm bmgeup no am gklijhurmgj÷l y
no su bmso no nmtks gmnm notorcjlmnk tjocpk y ol ul auhmr ospogãijgk
sohurk pmrm quo sj aaohm m pmsmr mahk so puonm utjajzmr oa bmgeup.

- Bm
Bmfm
fm ssoh
ohur
urjn
jnmn
mn p
pmr
mrmm mg
mggo
gosk
sk rroc
ockt
ktk
k6 Romajzmr prktkgkaks no sohurjnmn ol
swjtgdos, prkhrmcms no mggosk y gkltrmsoýms pmrm pknor rostrjlhjr osto
mggosk.

- Porcjsks no mgtjvjnmnos sjl gkltrka no aks usumrjks6 Ost

Ostmba
mbaogor 
ogor 

rostrjggjklos ol aks usumrjks noa sjstocm pmrm oa cmlofk noa skitwmro.

- Bmfm
mfm so
sohu
hurj
rjnm
nmn
n ol aks
aks oqu pkss 6 Ostmbaogor prktkgkaks no cmlofk no aks
oqujjpk
oqujpks no am ron.

- Gmbaomnk gkl bmfm sohurjnmn6 Ost

Ostmba
mbaogor
ogor prkt
prktkgka
kgkaks
ks no jlstma
jlstmamgj
mgj÷l,
÷l,
cmrqujaamnk y cmltoljcjoltk noa gmbaomnk no am ron.

Mcolmzms

- Nm
Nmýk
ýkss ro
roma
majz
jzmn
mnks
ks pkr
pkr kt
ktrm
rmss porsklmss6 Holormr prktkgkaks no sohurjnmn
porsklm
pmrm oa mggosk m aks oqujpks pmrm porsklms quo lk tolhml quo vor lmnm
gkl am kpormgj÷l noa sjstocm. ^mcbjêl rostrjlhjr oa mggosk m porsklms
nosgklkgjnms ma auhmr ol nklno so olguoltrml aks oqujpks.

- Pêrnjnm no Oaogtrjgjnmn6 Jl
Jlst
stma
mamr
mr _PW‚
_PW‚ss gk
gkl
l sui
suijg
jgjo
jolt
lto
o gm
gmpmg
pmgjn
jnmn
mn no
skpkrtmr am gmrhm pmrm gmnm soggj÷l, nmr ul tjocpk no skpkrto y pknor 
mgtjvmr ulm pamltm oaêgtrjgm y msã ovjtmr quo am kpormgj÷l noa sjstocm so
notolhm.

9
 

- Rkbk no mahöl oqujpk6 Ho

Holor
lormr
mr prk
prktk
tkgk
gkak
akss no soh
sohurj
urjnm
nmn
n pmr
pmrm
m ovjt
ovjtmr 
mr 
durtks, gkck humyms jlstmamnms ol aks oqujpks y gorrmcjoltk no aks RMGEs
no gkculjgmgj÷l.

- Jlst
Jlstma
mamgj
mgj÷l
÷l n
noo Wk
Wkit
itwm
wmro
ro lk p
por
orcj
cjtj
tjnk
nk6 Holormr prktkgkaks ol aks usumrjks
no gmnm sjstocm kpormtjvk no gmnm oqujpk, rostrjlhjolnk am jlstmamgj÷l no
skitwmro quo lk soml porcjtjnks pkr am ocprosm.

- Cma iu
iulg
lgjjklmc
klmcjjoltk
oltk no ma
mahö
höl
l oq
oquj
ujpk ron 6 Holormr ul paml no
pk no am ron
cmltoljcjoltk provoltjvk m aks oqujpks no am ron.

- Gmc
mcbj
bjks
ks lk mu
muttkr
krjjzm
zmnk
nkss no am gk
gkli
lijh
jhur
urmg
mgjj÷l6 Ho
Holor
lormr
mr usum
usumrj
rjks
ks ma

sjstocm quo lk tolhml mggosk m am gklijhurmgj÷l noa sjstocm. ^mcbjêl skak

ams porsklms quo ostíl gmpmgjtmnms y mutkrjzmnms puonol tolor am gamvo noa
usumrjk quo puono romajzmr ams gklijhurmgjklos noa sjstocm.

- Mg
Mggo
gosk
skss m po
pors
rskl
klms
ms l
lk
k mu
mutk
tkrj
rjzmnmss6 Holormr usumrjks quo skak tolhml
zmnm
mggosk m ak quo ao gkrrospklno ma írom pmrm am quo trmbmfm.  

- gklijhurmgj÷l6 Gmpmgjtmr gklstmltocolto ma porsklma quo so

Nmýks m am gkl
olgmrhm no romajzmr ams gklijhurmgjklos. ^mcbjêl romajzmr nkgucoltmgj÷l
no gmnm gmcbjk no am gklijhurmgj÷l quo so romajgo.

- Nj
Njvu
vuaahmr
hmr am
amss gk
gklt
ltrm
rmsoýmss6 Holormr prktkgkaks no sohurjnmn no quo ams
soým
gkltrm
gkltrmsoým
soýmss skl por
porsklm
sklmaos.
aos. ^mcbjê
^mcbjêl
l gmp
gmpmgj
mgjtmr
tmr ma porsklm
porsklmaa skb
skbro
ro ams
gklsoguolgjms quo puono trmor oa gkcpmrtjr ams gkltrmsoýms.

- _sk jjln
lnob
objn
jnk
k no ak
aks oqujpks6 Gmpmgjtmr ma porsklma quo tjolo mggosk m
oqujp
aks
aks oq
oquj
ujpk
pkss no am ro
ron
n skbr
skbro
o oa usk
usk no aks
aks oq
oquj
ujpk
pks,
s, ^mcb
^mcbjo
jol
l dm
dmgo
gor 
r 

8
 

gmpmgjtmgjklos no aks prktkgkaks no sohurjnmn quo so nobol cmlofmr ol

ostks oqujpks.

GKLGA_WJKLOW
Nospuês no mlmajzmr y nosmrrkaamr am mgtjvjnmn, pknocks gklgaujr quo ulm ron no
nmtks puono sor cuy vualormbao, y sj lk mpajgmcks gjortms lkrcms no usk puono
kgms
kgmsjk
jklm
lmrr cu
cugd
gdks
ks nm
nmýk
ýkss m am ro
ron,
n, tmcb
tmcbjê
jêl
l pu
puon
ono
o kgms
kgmsjk
jklm
lmrr po
porn
rnjn
jnm
m no
jlikrcmgj÷l kgmsjklmlnk pornjnms jlgmaguambaos m ulm gkcpmýãm.

Pkr ostm rmz÷l nobocks cmlofmr aks prktkgkaks no sohurjnmn.

4
 

ROIOROLGJMW

Hujm pmrm am jcpaocoltmgjkl no Wohurjnmn no am Jlikrcmgjkl ol ulm CJPZCO

(20=9). Kbtoljnk no dtps6//www.cjlg.hkv.gk/hoskl/9=?/mrgaos-
?>42[Hujm[Wohurjnmn[jlikrcmgjkl[Cypjcos.pni 

Hujm no Hostjkl no Rjoshks (20=9). Kbtoljnk no

dtps6//www.cjlg.hkv.gk/hoskl/9=?/mrgaos-?>42[H8[Hoskl[Rjoshks.pni 

Hujm Pmrm am Hostjkl y Gamsjijgmgjkl no Mgtjvks no Jlikrcmgjkl (20=9). Kbtoljnk

no dtps6//www.cjlg.hkv.gk/hoskl/9=?/mrgaos-?>42[H?[Hoskl[Gamsjgmgjkl.pni 
Akpoz, R. (2020). Wjstocms no Hostj÷l no Wohurjnmn Jlikrcmtjgm.
Cjljtjg. (s.i.).
Kbtoljnk no dttps6//www.cjltjg.hkv.gk/pkrtma/90>/mrtjgaos-
7?=0[nkgucoltk.pni 
Cjljtjg.hkv.gk. (== no 08 no 20==). Kbtoljnk no
dttps6//www.cjltjg.hkv.gk/pkrtma/90>/mrtjgaos-7?=0[nkgucoltk.pni