MRPEMF H@Y@^M\MSMF

AKJYKM

H`ojapjh = h`oms M7

^myemf nkftk emsmf 53=3=59>0

Emrtkf mpkm 53=3=5922

Dktrkmfk pjekymou 53=3=59>;

Aje makf ajsk 53=3=592<

Knrmeka ymskf 53=3=59>>

GP^PRMF H@Y@^M\MSMF

DMHPOSMR JOME^MLM CMF H@R@EMSMF

PFKT@^RKSMR F@L@^K LJ^JFSMOJ

>9>9
 HMSM Y@FLMFSM^

Yugk syuhur hmak pmfgmthmf h`emckrmt Suemf [mfl Amem @sm ymfl t`ome a`an`rkhmf
rmeamt, ekcmyme s`rtm hmrufkm-Fym h`pmcm hmak s`ekfllm hmak n`remsko a`fy`o`smkhmf tulms
amhmom
amhmome
e c`f
c`flmf
lmf pjhj
pjhjh
h nmem
nmemsmf
smf ‟Msue
Msuemf
mf H`p`rmwmtmf Akjpkm‑ Hmak a`fymcmrk nmewm
H`p`rmwmtmf
amhmome ymfl hmak s`o`smkhmf kfk amske gmue cmrk h`s`apurfmmf. R`p`rtk hmtm p`pmtme ‟tmh mcm
lmckfl ymfl tmh r`tmh‑, jo`e hmr`fm ktu hmak a`flemrmphmf hrktkh cmf smrmf cmrk s`aum hmomflmf
ymfl n`rskdmt a`anmfluf.

Pbmph
Pbmphmf
mf t`
t`rk
rkam
am hm
hmsk
ske
e hma
hmakk h`
h`pm
pmcm
cm s`
s`au
aumm pk
pkem
emh
h ymf
ymfl
l t`
t`om
ome
e n`
n`rp
rp`r
`rmf
mf s`
s`rt
rtmm cm
cmom
oma
a
p`fyusufmf amhmome kfk cmrk mwmo smapmk mhekr. R`rtm hmak n`remrmp mlmr amhmome kfk cmpmt
n`ramfdmmt nmlk s`aum hmomflmf.

H`ojapjh = H`oms M

k
 CMDSM^ KRK

Hmtm Y`flmftmr............................................................................................................................k

Cmdtmr Ksk.....................................................................................................................................kk

NMN K..........................................................................................................................................=

Omtmr N`omhmfl............................................................................................................................=

^uausmf Amsmome.......................................................................................................................=

Sugumf.........................................................................................................................................=

NMN KK........................................................................................................................................>

Hjfs`p A`cks.............................................................................................................................>

Hjfs`p H`p`rmwmtmf..................................................................................................................5

NMN KKK.......................................................................................................................................>2

Rkapuomf.....................................................................................................................................>2

Rmrmf...........................................................................................................................................>2

Cmdtmr Yustmhm.............................................................................................................................>3

kk
 NMN K

Y@FCMEPOPMF

=.= Omtmr N`omhmfl

H`om
H`omkf
kfmf
mf r`
r`dr
drmh
mhsk
sk a`ru
a`rupm
pmhmf
hmf sm
smom
ome
e sm
smtu
tu p`fym
p`fymhk
hktt amtm
amtm ym
ymfl
fl cm
cmpm
pmtt a`fy
a`fy`nm
`nmnh
nhmf
mf
h`nutmmf.
h`nutmmf. Akjpkm
Akjpkm a`rupmhmf
a`rupmhmf smome smtu n`ftuh h`omkfmf r`dr
r`drmhsk.\
mhsk.\jroc
jroc E`mote
E`mote Jrlmfkzmtk
Jrlmfkzmtkjf
jf
(\EJ) a`ap`rhkrmhmf t`rcmpmt ><% (=.5;2 gutm) p`fcucuh ck s`ourue cufkm a`fc`rktm akjpkm
pmcm tmeuf >9=9, s`hktmr ;9%
;9 % ckmftmrmfym n`rmcm ck f`lmrm n`rh`anmfl. R`tkmp tmeuf pr`vmo`fsk
akjpkm t`rus a`fkflhmt. R`omkf ktu, ckh`tmeuk nmewm uskm mwmo s`s`jrmfl a`flmomak akjpkm
a`fgmck s`amhkf aucm.3,0 Emsko stuck a`fufguhhmf nmewm Mskm Skaur a`rupmhmf wkomyme
c`flmf pr`vmo`fsk akjpkm t`rtkfllk (Bekfm, G`pmfl, Hjr`m cmf Rkflmpjr` a`akokhk pr`vmo`fsk
s`hkt
s`hktmr
mr 09%),
09%), h`auck
h`auckmf
mf ckkhut
ckkhutkk Mustrm
Mustrmokm
okm,, @rjpm,
@rjpm, Ma`rkh
Ma`rkhmm Ptmrm
Ptmrm cmf Ma`rkh
Ma`rkhmm R`omtm
R`omtmf.>
f.>
R`a`ftmrm ktu, pr`vmo`fsk lmfllumf h`tmgmamf p`flokemtmf pmcm p`fcucuh n`ruskm ≠4 tmeuf ck

Kfcjf`skm s`n`smr 9,;%. \komyme c`flmf pr`vmo`fsk t`rtkfllk ckt`auhmf ck Omapufl (=,<%),
Fusm S`fllmrm Skaur cmf Hmokamftmf Nmrmt (amskfl-amskfl =,4%). R`a`ftmrm prjvkfsk c`flmf
pr`vmo`fsk lmfllumf p`flokemtmf t`r`fcme mcmome
mcm ome CK [jlymhmrtm (9,2%) ckkhutk jo`e Ympum Nmrmt
cmf Ympum (amskfl-amskfl 9,3%).

R`bmrm uaua t`rcmpmt tklm dmhtjr utmam p`fy`nmn akjpkm, ymktu h`omkfmf nmwmmf pmcm
amtm, dmhtjr okflhuflmf cmf l`f`tkb. Emsko p`f`oktkmf Mnkamfyu a`fufguhhmf nmewm gmrmh cmf
pjsksk tunue smmt a`anmbm, gmrmh a`fjftjf t`o`vksk cmf dmhtjr l`f`tkh a`rupmhmf dmhtjr rkskhj
akjpkm pmcm skswm s`hjome cmsmr ck Hmnupmt`f Smfllmaus. Y`f`oktkmf s`rupm ymfl ckomhuhmf

jo`e
jo`e Yurwmf
Yurwmftj
tj gulm
gulm a`fufg
a`fufguhhm
uhhmf
f nmewm
nmewm dmhtjr
dmhtjr okflhuf
okflhuflmf
lmf cmf h`nkms
h`nkmsmmf
mmf mfmh
mfmh a`ako
a`akokhk
khk
eunuflmf ymfl n`ramhfm t`remcmp h`gmckmf ayjpkm.

=.> ^uausmf Amsmome

=. Nmlmka
Nmlmkamfm
mfm Hjfs`p
Hjfs`p A`cks
A`cks Akjpkm
Akjpkm::
>. Nmlmka
Nmlmkamfm
mfm Msuemf
Msuemf H`p`rm
H`p`rmwmt
wmtmf
mf pmcm pmsk`f
pmsk`f Akjpk
Akjpkm:
m:

=.2 Sugumf

=. Pftuh
Pftuh cmpmt
cmpmt a`fl`t
a`fl`tmeuk
meuk Hjfs
Hjfs`p
`p A`cks
A`cks Akjp
Akjpkm
km

>. Pftuh cmpmt a`fl`tmeuk

a`fl`tmeuk Msuemf
Msuemf H`p`rmwmtmf
H`p`rmwmtmf pmcm pmsk`f
pmsk`f Akjpkm
Akjpkm

=
 NMN KK

Y@ANMEMRMF

>.= HJFR@Y A@CKR

>.=.= C`dkfksk
Akjpkm a`rupmhmf h`omkfmf r`drmhsk pmcm amtm c`flmf tkflhmt pr`vmo`fsk ymfl
tkfllk ck cufkm. Akjpkm n`rmsmo cmrk nmemsm [ufmfk ‟Aujpkm‑ ymfl a`akokhk mrtk a`futup
amtm. Akjpkm t`rgmck mpmnkom nmymflmf n`fcm ymfl t`ro`tmh gmue ckdjhushmf ck c`pmf
r`tkfm pmcm amtm ymfl tkcmh n`rmhjajcmsk. Y`fc`rktm akjpkm mhmf a`rmsm g`oms smmt
a`okemt c`hmt mtmu pmcm gmrmh pmfcmfl t`rt`ftu cmf mhmf a`rmsm hmnur gkhm a`okemt
pmfcmflmf gmue. Emo ktu s`rkfl ckh`fmo c`flmf kstkome f`mrsklet`cf`ss(Yrkamckmfk & dkdkf,
>9=<).
Akjpkm mtmu ckh`fmo s`nmlmk rmnuf gmue mcmome s`nume mfjamok r`drmhsk pmcm amtm

ymfl ckhjr`hsk c`flmf o`fsm sd`rks f`lmtkd (c` Gjfl, >9=5 cmoma Yrmtkwk, s`ovkrm >9>9).
Ymcm akjpkm, nmymflmf jng`h ckdjhushmf ck c`pmf r`tkfm (Yrmtkwk, s`ovkrm >9>9).
>.=.> @tkjojlk
N`n`r
N`n`rmp
mpmm me
meok
ok prjd
prjd`s
`skj
kjfmo
fmo p`
p`rm
rmwm
wmtm
tmf
f amtm
amtm a`ym
a`ymhk
hkfk
fk nm
nmew
ewmm ak
akjp
jpkm
km mc
mcmo
mome
me
mfjamok e`r`ckt`r, s`cmflhmf meok ymfl omkf a`ymhkfk nmewm akjpkm cks`nmnhmf jo`e
okflhuflmf. Fmauf, p`f`oktkmf pmcm amfuskm cmf e`wmf ymfl ckomhuhmf s`omam `apmt
c`hmc`
c`hmc` t`rmhe
t`rmhekr
kr a`fufg
a`fufguhhm
uhhmf
f nmewm
nmewm p`rh`a
p`rh`anmfl
nmflmf
mf akjpkm
akjpkm ckp`fl
ckp`flmru
mruek
ek jo`e
jo`e dmhtjr
dmhtjr
okflhuflmf cmf l`f`tkh (Bjjp`r cmf Shmtbe`fhj , >9=5 cmoma Yrmtkwk, s`ovkrm >9>9).
Mcmpuf n`n`rmpm dmhtjr ymfl a`ap`flmruek akjpkm, ck mftmrmfym7
m. Dm
Dmht
htjr
jr l`f`
l`f`tk
tkh
h
Rtuck s`n`ouafym a`fufguhhmf nmewm mfmh-mfmh c`flmf jrmfl tum ymfl akjpkm
a`akokhk p`oumfl ymfl o`nke n`smr uftuh a`flmomak akjpkm ckuskm aucm. N`rcmsmrhmf
mfmoksks l`f`tkh, =5 ojhus ymfl n`rtmfllufl gmwmn t`remcmp akjpkm t`ome ckt`auhmf cmf
ckcjhua
ckcjhua`ft
`ftmsk
mskhmf
hmf cmoma
cmoma cmtmnm
cmtmnms`
s` A`fc`o
A`fc`okmf
kmf Kfe`rk
Kfe`rktmf
tmfb`
b` kf Amf Jfokf`
Jfokf` (JAKA)
(JAKA),,
t`ramsuh s`ankomf ojhus ymfl n`rtmfllufl gmwmn t`remcmp c`rmgmt akjpkm ymfl tkfllk (Ok
cmf Wemfl, >9=< cmoma Yrmtkwk, s`ovkrm >9>9). Y`f`oktkmf t`rnmru nmehmf a`fluflhmphmf
nmewm smmt kfk sucme t`rcmpmt >0 ojhus ymfl t`ome ckt`auhmf a`omouk mfmoksks h`turufmf.
Ckmftmrm ojhus-ojhus kfk, >> ojhus n`rmcm pmcm hrjajsja mutjsja cmf 2 ojhus omkffym

>
 t`rcmpmt pmcm hrjajsja U. Ojhus ymfl p`rtmam hmok ckkc`ftkdkhmsk mcmome A[Y= ymfl
ckkc`ftkdkhmsk pmcm tmeuf =;5= (Bmk `t mo, >9=; cmoma Yrmtkwk, s`ovkrm >9>9).
n. Dmhtjr okflhuflmf
Dmhtjr okflhuflmf
okflhuflmf ymfl t`roknmt
t`roknmt cmoma akjpkm
akjpkm t`ramsuh
t`ramsuh f`mr wjrh, pmpmrmf
pmpmrmf
bmemym,
bmemym, hurmfl
hurmflfym
fym mhtkvk
mhtkvktms
tms dkskh
dkskh,, ck`t,
ck`t, tkflhm
tkflhmtt p`fckc
p`fckckhm
khmf
f ymfl
ymfl o`nke
o`nke tkfllk
tkfllk,, cmf
urnmfk
urnmfksms
smsk.
k. Kft`rm
Kft`rmhsk
hsk mftmrm
mftmrm l`f cmf dmhtjr
dmhtjr okflhuf
okflhuflmf
lmf a`f`ft
a`f`ftuhm
uhmf
f rks
rkskhj
khj kfckvk
kfckvkcu
cu
a`flmo
a`flmomak
mak akjpkm
akjpkm tkfllk
tkfllk cmf cmpmt
cmpmt a`anmf
a`anmftu
tu a`fg`o
a`fg`omsh
mshmf
mf a`hmfk
a`hmfksa`
sa` pmtjl`f
pmtjl`f`sk
`skss
akjpkm pmcm pjpuomsk amfuskm (Arulmbz `t mo, >9=5 cmoma Yrmtkwk, s`ovkrm >9>9).
>.=.2 Yrjlfjsks
Y`fc`rk
Y`fc`rktm
tm akjpkm
akjpkm ymfl
ymfl t`rus
t`rus a`flmo
a`flmomak
mak prjlr`
prjlr`sk
skvkt
vktms
ms 6 0 Ckj
Ckjptr
ptrkk cmf tkcmh
tkcmh
ckhjr`hsk a`akokhk r`skhj ymfl tkfllk uftuh n`rh`anmfl a`fgmck hmtmrmh, lomuhjam
sucut t`rnuhm, akjpkm c`l`rmsk amhuom, cmf mnomskj r`tkfm (Bjflcjf `t mo, >9=;cmoma
Yrmtkwk, s`ovkrm >9>9).

>.=.3 Amfkd`stmsk hokfks

L`gmom ymfl s`rkfl ckrmsmhmf jo`e pmsk`f akjpkm mcmome a`okemt g`oms nkom a`okemt
c`hmt cmf mpmnkom a`okemt gmue a`fgmck nurma mtmu cks`nut rmnuf gmue, t`rhmcmfl cks`rtmk
gulm c`flmf smhkt h`pmom. R`s`jrmfl c`flmf akjpkm a`apufymk h`nkmsmmf a`fy`apkthmf
amtmfym
amtmfym uftuh
uftuh a`fcmp
a`fcmpmth
mthmf
mf `d`h
`d`h pkfejo
pkfejo`` (ounmf
(ounmfl
l h`bko)
h`bko).. Ymsk`f
Ymsk`f akjpkm
akjpkm a`apuf
a`apufymk
ymk
pufltua r`ajtua ymfl c`hmt s`ekfllm amtm s`omou cmoma mtmu n`rh`cucuhmf
hjfv`rl`fsk ymfl mhmf a`fkanuohmf h`ouemf mst`fjpkm hjfv`rl`fsk. Nkom h`cucuhmf
amtm kfk a`f`tmp amhm amtm p`fc`rktm mhmf t`rokemt guokfl h`cmoma mtmu `sjptrjpkm (Koyms
cmf [uokmftk, >9=5 cmoma Yrmtkwk, s`ovkrm >9>9).
>.=.0 Homskdkhmsk/stml`
Ckh`fmo n`n`rmpm n`ftuh cmrk akjpkm, mftmrm omkf (Yrmtkwk, s`ovkrm >9>9)7
m. Akjpkm
Akjpkm r`drmht
r`drmhtkd,
kd, ymktu
ymktu n`rtma
n`rtmanme
nmefym
fym kfc`hs nkms a`ckm
a`ckm p`flok
p`flokemt
emtmf
mf s`p`rt
s`p`rtkk o`fsm
o`fsm
a`fgmck
a`fgmck o`nke b`anufl, s`ekfllm p`ankmsmf
p`ankmsmf o`nke humt. Rmam c`flmf akjpkm nkms
mtmu akjpkm kfc`hs, ymktu akjpk
akjpkmm ymfl t`rgmck mhknmt p`ankmsmf a`ckm p`flokemtmf
p`flokemtmf
hjrf`m cmf o`fsm ymfl t`romou humt.
n. Akjpkm mhskmo, ymktu akjpkm ymfl t`rgmck mhknmt pmfgmflfym suanu njom amtm,
c`flmf h`o`flhuflmf hjrf`m cmf o`fsm ymfl fjramo.

A`furut c`rmgmt n`rmtfym akjpkm cknmlk a`fgmck (Yrmtkwk, s`ovkrm >9>9)7

2
 m. Akjpk
Akjpkmm rkf
rkflm
lmf,
f, (?
(?2.
2.99
99 C)
n. Akjpkm s`cmfl, (2.99 C ‒ 4.99 C)
b. Akjpkm
Akjpkm n`rmt
n`rmt mtmu
mtmu ttkfl
kfllk
lk (64.99
(64.99 C)
>.=.4 Ymtjdksksjojlk
Y`f`oktkmf-
Y`f`oktkmf-p`f`ok
p`f`oktkmf
tkmf t`rcmeuou
t`rcmeuou a`fl`auhmhmf
a`fl`auhmhmf nmewm akjpkm
akjpkm cks`nmnhmf
cks`nmnhmf jo`e
p`amfgmflmf suanu njom amtm, fmauf p`fy`nmn ymfl a`fcmsmrkfym amske n`oua g`oms
s`p`fuefym. S`rcmpmt cum t`jrk utmam t`ftmfl t`rgmckfym p`amfgmflmf suanu njom amtm
pmcm akjpkm. [mfl p`rtmam mcmome t`jrk nkjojlkh, a`flmfllmp nmewm p`amfgmflmf
su
suan
anu
u nj
njom
om amtm
amtm s`
s`nml
nmlmk
mk mh
mhkn
knmt
mt cmrk
cmrk h`omk
h`omkfmf
fmf p`
p`rt
rtua
uanu
nuem
emf
f r`
r`tk
tkfm
fm (j
(jv`r
v`rlr
lrjw
jwte
te))
s`cm
s`cmflh
flhmf
mf t`
t`jr
jrkk ymfl
ymfl h`
h`cu
cumm mcmom
mcmome
e t`
t`jr
jrkk a`hm
a`hmfk
fkh
h ymfl
ymfl a`fl`
a`fl`au
auhm
hmhm
hmf
f mc
mcmfy
mfymm
p`f`hmfmf (str`s) sho`rm s`nmlmk p`fy`nmn p`amfgmflmf t`rs`nut(Yrkamckmfk & dkdkf,
>9=<).
Rmome smtu a`hmfksa` p`amfgmflmf suanu njom amtm ymfl ckmguhmf pmcm t`jrk

a`hmfkh mcmome p`f`hmfmf njom amtm jo`e aushuous r`htus a`ckmo cmf jnokq sup`rkjr.
R`p`rtk ckh`tmeuk, p`fc`rktm akjpkm s`omou a`fllufmhmf hjfv`rl`fsk n`ro`nkemf. Tjf
Lrm`d` a`flmtmhmf nmewm jtjt `hstrmjhuomr t`rutmam r`htus a`ckmo n`rskdmt akjpkml`fkh
hmr`fm
hmr`fm hjapr`
hjapr`skf
skfym
ym t`remc
t`remcmp
mp njom
njom amtm
amtm pmcm
pmcm smmt
smmt hjfv`rl
hjfv`rl`fs
`fsk.
k. Gmhsjf
Gmhsjf a`flmf
a`flmfllmp
llmp
nmewm hjfv`rl`fsk a`rupmhmf dmhtjr `tkjojlkh ymfl p`ftkfl cmoma p`rh`anmflmf
akjpkm. Ckh`auhmhmf gulm nmewm aushuous jnokh sup`rkjr gulm a`f`hmf njom amtm pmcm
wmhtu a`okemt mtmu n`h`rgm t`romou omam(Yrkamckmfk & dkdkf, >9=<).
Hjfv`rl`fsk n`ro`nkemf cks`nmnhmf jo`e hmr`fm p`fc`rktm akjpkm a`akokhk gmrmh
pupko ymfl o`nmr. Ck smapkfl o`nmr, jrnktm gulm o`nke r`fcme s`ekfllm pjrsk aushuous
jnokh sup`rkjr ymfl a`f`hmf njom amtm o`nke n`smr. Gmck ck skfk mcm p`flmrue cmrk
mfmtjak amtm t`remcmp t`rgmckfym akjpkm. H`n`fmrmf mhmf emo kfk t`ome ckhjfdkramsk jo`e
n`n`rmpm meok omkf. Yjss`y cmf Tmfc`rlkdt a`fl`auhmhmf nmewm mfmtjak a`rupmhmf
dmhtjr ymfl t`rp`ftkfl cmoma t`rgmckfym akjpkm. Djx a`flkc`ftkdkhmskhmf jrnktm nmlkmf
cmoma
cmoma mhmf o`nke
o`nke a`auflh
a`auflhkfh
kfhmf
mf uftuh
uftuh t`r
t`rgmc
gmckfy
kfymm p`amfg
p`amfgmflm
mflmf
f suanu
suanu njo
njomm amtm
amtm
(Yrkamckmfk & dkdkf, >9=<).

3
 Ymtewmy Akjpkm

L2 p`rtuanuemf amtm  E`r`ckt`r

(Njom amtm pmfgmfl)  Mhtkvktms

 Y`fymh
Y`fymhkt
kt amtm
amtm omkf
omkf 7
Hmtmrmh, amsmome pmcm

O`fsm amtm t`romou b`anufl

Bmemym amsuh a`o`wmtk O`fsm ck c`pmf r`tkfm

Bmemym ckdjhushmf tkcmh t`pmt ckr`tkfm

nm
nm mf mf mtue
mtue ck c` mf r`
r`tk
tkfm
fm

Ymfcmflmf hmnur a`okemt ^`skhj b`c`rm

AKJYKM

Hurmfl t`rpmpmr
C`dkskt p`fl`tmeumf Y`furufmf Y`flokemtmf Lmfllumf Y`rs`psk R`fsjrk

O`fsm n`rmhjajcmsk t`rus-a`f`rus

H`o`omemf jtjt amtm (mrt`fjpkm)

Yuskfl/Fy`rk
0 Fy`rk Mhut

>.=.< Hjapokhmsk
N`rkhut a`rupmhmf hjapokhmsk cmrk akjpkm (Yrmtkwk, s`ovkrm >9>9)7
m. Guokfl
Guokfl nkmsmfym `sjtrjpkm mtmu guokfl h` cmoma mhknmt amtm n`rhjfv`rl`fsk t`rus-
a`f`rus.
n. Mnomskj r`tkfm
Mnomskj
Mnomskj r`tkfm
r`tkfm mcmome h`mcmmf ck amfm s`o h`rubut
h`rubut cmf s`o nmtmfl r`tkfm
r`tkfm
t`rpks
t`rpksme
me cmrk
cmrk s`o `pkt`o
`pkt`o pkla`f
pkla`f r`tkfm
r`tkfm.. Kfk a`rupmh
a`rupmhmf
mf hjapok
hjapokhms
hmskk t`r
t`rs`r
s`rkfl
kfl cmrk
cmrk

ayjpkm. O`nke cmrk s`t`flme h`gmckmf mnomskj r`tkfm ck cufkm t`rgmck pmcm amtm c`flmf
akjpkm. ^`skhj mnomskj r`tkfm a`fkflhmt a`fgmck 2-5 hmok o`nke n`smr pmcm amtm
c`
c`fl
flmf
mf akjp
akjpkm
km cm
cmrk
rkpm
pmcm
cm amtm
amtm ym
ymfl
fl fj
fjra
ramo
mo (`
(`a`
a`tr
trjp
jpkm
km)) cm
cmf
f amtm
amtm c`
c`fl
flmf
mf
 ekp`ra`trjpkm.
b. Lomubjam
^`skhj t`rgmckfym lomuhjam a`fkflhmt s`krkfl c`flmf s`amhkf tkfllkfym c`rmgmt
akjpkm. ^`skhj t`rs`nut a`fkflhmt s`n`smr >-2 hmok okpmt pmcm amtm c`flmf akjpkm.
J^ ymfl ckhuapuohmf s`bmrm h`s`ouruemf mcmome =.;> (;0% BK, =.03->.25) uftuh
akjpkm r`fcme cmf J^7 >.;> (;0% BK, =.5;‒ 3.0>) uftuh akjpkm s`cmfl / tkfllk.
c. Hmtmrmh
R`nume a`tm-mfmoksks nmru-nmru kfk a`fufguhhmf nmewm eunuflmf mftmrm akjpkm
cmf hmtmrm
hmtmrmh
h t`rhmk
t`rhmktt uskm
uskm amske
amske hjftrjv
hjftrjv`rs
`rskmo
kmo.. R`nmlmk
R`nmlmk bjftje,
bjftje, tugue
tugue stuck
stuck Brjss-
Brjss-
s`btk
s`btkjfmo
jfmo cmf smtu
smtu stuck
stuck hmsus-
hmsus-hjf
hjftrj
trjoo a`flhjf
a`flhjfdkr
dkrams
amskk nmewm
nmewm akjpkm
akjpkm ckhmkt
ckhmkthmf
hmf
c`flmf hmtmrmh sunhmpsuomr pjst`rkjr , s`cmflhmf a`tmmfmoksks cmrk tklm stuck Bjejrt
a`fufguhhmf eunuflmf ymfl tkcmh sklfkdkhmf.
>.=.5 Y`fmtmomhsmfmmf
m. Hmbmamtm

O`fsm nkdjhmo cklufmhmf uftuh a`fljr`hsk akjpkm n`rcmsmrhmf msuask nmewm

akjpkm
akjpkm mcmome
mcmome r`spjf
r`spjfss t`remcm
t`remcmp
p mhjajc
mhjajcmsk
msk n`rh`pm
n`rh`pmfgm
fgmflmf
flmf ymfl a`flem
a`flemsko
skohmf
hmf
h`hmnurmf jptkh. S`rcmpmt n`n`rmpm stuck r`trjsp`htkd ymfl a`fufguhhmf nmewm o`fsm
nkdjhmo cmf YMO (Yrjlr`sskv` Mccktkjf O`fs`s) cmpmt a`ap`romanmt prjlr`skvktms
akjpkm
akjpkm s`n`sm
s`n`smrr 39%.
39%. Rek-Ak
Rek-Akfl
fl Ok `t mo. a`f`au
a`f`auhmf
hmf nmewm
nmewm YMO (Yrjlr
(Yrjlr`ss
`sskv`
kv`
Mcck
Mccktk
tkjf
jf O`
O`fs
fs`s
`s)) a`ap
a`ap`r
`rom
oman
anmt
mt prjl
prjlr`
r`sk
skvk
vktm
tmss ak
akjp
jpkm
km s`n`
s`n`sm
smrr 9,>0C
9,>0C/t
/tme
meuf
uf

cknmfckflhmf c`flmf o`fsm RT (Rkflo` Tkskjf). Fmauf, cmoma s`nume `hsp`rka`f

nmru-nmru kfk ymfl ckomhuhmf ck Bekfm a`fufguhhmf nmewm p`fllufmmf o`fsm
hmbmamtm
hmbmamtm tkcmh a`akokhk `d`h ymfl sklfkdkhmf
sklfkdkhmf cmoma a`ap`roma
a`ap`romanmt
nmt prjlr`skvk
prjlr`skvktms
tms
akjpkm. A`shkpuf c`akhkmf akjpkm t`tmp emrus ckhjr`hsk, hmr`fm p`f`oktkmf nmru nmru
kfk gulm
gulm a`fufg
a`fufguhhm
uhhmf
f nmewm
nmewm akjpk
akjpkmm ymfl tk
tkcmh
cmh t`r
t`rhjr
hjr`hs
`hskk mhmf
mhmf a`flem
a`flemsko
skohmf
hmf
p`rb`pmtmf rkflmf cmrk p`rh`anmflmf akjpkm (Yrmtkwk, s`ovkrm >9>9).
n. O`fsm hjftmh
^`skhj uftuh t`rh`fm kfd`hsk akbrjnkmo h`rmtktks (AH) pmcm p`fllufmmf o`fsm

hjftmh tkcmh n`lktu n`smr, ckhmr`fmhmf o`fsm hjftmh p`ra`mn`o t`remcmp jhskl`f,
p`rauhmmf o`fsm hjftmh emous mtmu okbkf, s`ekfllm nkjdkoa tkcmh aucme a`f`ap`o
pmcm o`fsm. R`nmlkmf n`smr kfd`hsk cmpmt cktmflmfk c`flmf t`rmpk mftkakhrjnm ymfl
 ml
mlr`
r`sk
skd.
d. Hmsu
Hmsuss ym
ymfl
fl gm
gmrm
rmfl
fl cm
cmf
f tkcm
tkcmh
h cm
cmpm
pmtt ck
ckek
ekfc
fcmr
mrkk t`
t`rg
rgmc
mckk mh
mhkn
knmt
mt kf
kfd`
d`hs
hskk
Mbmfte
Mbmftemaj
maj`nm
`nm mtmu
mtmu Dusmrk
Dusmrkua
ua s`rkfl
s`rkfl a`flmh
a`flmhknmt
knmthmf
hmf h`rusm
h`rusmhmf
hmf hjrf`m
hjrf`m.. C`f
C`flmf
lmf
c`akhkmf, a`fgmlm h`n`rskemf o`fsm hjftmh smflmtome p`ftkfl. O`fsm hjftmh tkcmh
njo`e ckr`fcma cmoma mkr h`rmf (Yrmtkwk, s`ovkrm >9>9).
b. N`cm
N`cme
e h`
h`rm
rmtj
tjr`
r`dr
drmh
mhtk
tkdd
N`cme h`rmtjr`drmhtkd a`rupmhmf sumtu tkfcmhmf ymfl a`fllufmhmf s`rmflhmkmf
a`tjc`
a`tjc` ymfl
ymfl n`rluf
n`rlufmm uftuh
uftuh a`flun
a`flunme
me h`o`fl
h`o`flhufl
huflmf
mf p`rauh
p`rauhmmf
mmf mft`rk
mft`rkjr
jr amtm
amtm
(Yrmtkwk, s`ovkrm >9>9).
c. O`fs
O`fsmm kftr
kftrmj
mjhu
huom
omrr
Y`fmfmamf o`fsm kftrmjhuomr (KJO) a`rupmhmf s`nume a`tjc` ymfl cklufmhmf
uftuh a`fljr`hsk
a`fljr`hsk h`omkfmf
h`omkfmf r`drmhsk
r`drmhsk pmcm mdmhkm.
mdmhkm. S`rcmpmt
S`rcmpmt n`n`rmpm
n`n`rmpm rmfbmflmf
rmfbmflmf o`fsm
kftrmjhuom
kftrmjhuomr,
r, ymktu 7 =) O`fsm okpmt 7 t`rnumt
t`rnumt cmrk pomstkh
pomstkh ekcrjl`o, o`fsm g`fks kfk cmpmt
ckskskphmf h` cmoma amtm a`omouk sumtu kfsksk h`bko. >). O`fsm hmhu 7 t`rnumt cmrk
pjoka`tkoa`tmhrkomt cmf o`flhuflmf (emptkh), t`rckrk cmrk sumtu
sumtu jptkh.

Yjsksk pmokfl mamf nmlk o`fsm kftrmjhuomr mcmome ck cmoma hmftufl hmpsuo ymfl
utue
utue s`t`om
s`t`ome
e p`an`cm
p`an`cmemf
emf `hstrm
`hstrmhmps
hmpsuom
uomr.
r. Cmy
Cmymm o`fsm
o`fsm jhuomr
jhuomr nkmsmf
nkmsmfym
ym ckt`ft
ckt`ftuhm
uhmf
f
c`flmf a`tjc` r`lr`sk `apkrks ymfl a`lmfmoksks p`flmomamf p`fllufmmf smome smtu
tkp` o`fsm pmcm nmfymh pmsk`f. Ymcm amtm ymfl t`ome a`fgmomfk n`cme h`rmtjr`drmhsk,
t`rcmpmt
t`rcmpmt h`b`fc`ruflmf
h`b`fc`ruflmf uftuh a`r`fcmehmf
a`r`fcmehmf p`rhkrmmf
p`rhkrmmf h`humtmf
h`humtmf ymfl cknutuehmf
cknutuehmf

<

s`ekfl
s`ekfllm
lm p`rekt
p`rektuflm
uflmf
f o`fsm
o`fsm kftrmj
kftrmjhuo
huomr
mr ymfl
ymfl t`pmt
t`pmt a`fgmc
a`fgmckk gmue
gmue o`nke
o`nke suokt
suokt pmcm
pmcm
hmsus-hmsus t`rs`nut (Yrmtkwk, s`ovkrm >9>9).
`. S`t`
S`t`ss amt
amtmm mtr
mtrjp
jpkf
kf
Mtrjpkf
Mtrjpkf mcmome mftmljfks aushmrkfkh
aushmrkfkh fjf-s`o`ht
fjf-s`o`htkd
kd ymfl t`ome a`fufguhhmf
a`fufguhhmf emsko
ymfl buhup a`aumshmf uftuh a`ap`romanmt prjlr`skvktms akjpkm pmcm mfmh-mfmh.
Mtrjpkf mwmofym ckugk cmoma ajc`o e`wmf cmf ckmfllmp `d`htkd cmoma a`fb`lme
prjlr`skvktms akjpkm cmf p`flurmflmf pmfgmfl mhskmo. Cmoma s`nume ^mfcjakz`c
Bjftrj
Bjftrjoo Srkmo (^BS
(^BS)) ymfl a`oknm
a`oknmthm
thmf
f 399 mfmh uskm 4 ekfllm
ekfllm => tmeuf,
tmeuf, Mtrjpkf
Mtrjpkf

uftuh Y`fljnmtmf Akjpkm = / Mtrjpkf` djr te` Sr`mta`ft jd Ayjpkm =(MSJA =),
ckt`auhmf nmewm s`omam p`rkjc` > tmeuf, t`t`s amtm Mtrjpkf =% a`ap`romanmt
prjlr`skvktms akjpkm s`hktmr 9,;> C (Yrmtkwk, s`ovkrm
s`ovkrm >9>9).
>.> HJFR@Y H@Y@^M\MSMF

=. Y@FLHMGKMF
m. Kc`ftkdkh
Kc`ftkdkhmsk
msk h`nutuemf
h`nutuemf cmsmr ymfl
ymfl a`flmomak
a`flmomak lmfllumf

Hmt`ljrk cmf Runhmt`ljrk Amsmome Fjramo

Dkskjojlks ^`spkrmsk
Rkrhuomsk
Futrksk cmf bmkrmf
@okakfmsk
Mhtkvktms cmf L`gm
L`gmom
om ak
akjp
jpkk ym
ymfl
fl pm
pmokfl Ymc
okfl Ymcmm jrmfl
jrmfl fjramo
fjramo cmpmt
cmpmt
kstkrmemt s`rkfl ck
ckrrms
msmmhmf ymktu a`omhuhmf mhtkvktms
p`flokemtmf nurma, amtm s`p`rtk n`h`rgm,
b`pmt o`ome, h`suoktmf n`rh`fcmrm, cmf mhtkvktms

a`anmbm tuoksmf cmrk gmue, omkffym cmf tkcm

cmh
h mcm
cm
cmf
f sm
smhk
hktt h`
h`pm
pmom
om.. l`
l`gm
gmom
om lmfllumf pmcm
t`rs`nut cmpmt a`fllmfllu p`flokemtmf.
mhtkvktms
mhtkvktms s`s`jrmfl
s`s`jrmfl s`p`rtk
s`p`rtk
n`h`rgm,n`rh`fcmrm, cmf
gulm fy`rk ymfl ckrmsmhmf

cmpmt a`fllmfllu mhtkvktms

cmf kstkrmemt s`s`jrmfl.
F`urjs`fsjrk Ymcm f`urjs`fsjrk mcmome Ymc
Ymcmm jrmfl
jrmfl fjramo
fjramo cmpmt
cmpmt
lmfllumf
lmfllumf p`flokemtmf
p`flokemtmf ymktu a`okemt n`fcm mtmu jny`h
rmnuf gmue/Akjpk. Y`fc`rktm cmrk gmrmh gmue.
akjpk
akjpk tkcmh
tkcmh cmpmt
cmpmt a`okem
a`okemtt
n`fcm c`flmf g`oms cmrk
gmrmh gmue.
^`prjcuhsk cmf
R`hsumoktms
Yskhjojlks Fy`rk cmf Y`fc`rktm akjpk mhmf Ymc
Ymcmm jrmfl
jrmfl fjramo
fjramo,, tkcmh
tkcmh
H`fymamfmf a`flmomak fy`
y`rrk pmcm mcm fy`
y`rrk ymfl t`rmsm
 nmlkmf H`pmom. cknmlkmf h`pmom cmf amtm.
Hmr`fm
Hmr`fm,H`
,H`tkh
tkhmm a`flmo
a`flmomak
mak
akjpkm, t`ro`nke smmt
a`okemt jny`h ymfl t`ro`tmh
gmue, amtm p`rou

n`rmhjajcmsk amhskamo
uftuh a`anumt
uftuh a`anumt nmymflm
nmymflmf
f
jny`h gmtue t`pmt ck r`tkfm.
Emo kfk a`flmhknmthmf jtjt
amtm mhmf a`flmomak
h`o`omemf o`nke b`pmt
cknmfckflhmf
cknmfckflhmf c`flmf jrmfl
c`flmf vksus (tmgma
p`flokemtmf) fjramo. Emo
kfko
kfkome
me ymfl
ymfl nk
nksm
sm a`ak
a`akbu
bu
fy`rk h`pmom.
Kft`lrktms `lj
Y`rtuanuemf cmf
p`rh`anmflmf
Y`rkomhu H`n`rskemf ckrk
Y`fy
Y`fyuo
uoue
uemf
mf cmf
cmf C`dk
C`dksk
sktt p`fl
p`fl`t
`tme
meum
umf
f R`s`
R`s`jr
jrmf
mfl
l ymfl
ymfl a`a
a`ako
kokkhk

p`an`omgmrmf cks`nmnhmf hmr`fm p`fl`tmeumf t`ftmfl

Hurmflfym kfdjramsk t`rhmkt p`fymhkt akjpk nksm
c`
c`fl
flmf
mf p`
p`fy
fymh
mhkt
kt Akjp
Akjpk,
k, a`
a`fl
flur
urmf
mflk
lk l`
l`gm
gmom
om ym
ymfl
fl
R`ek
R`ekfl
fllm
lm a`fy
a`fy`n
`nmn
mnhm
hmf
f cktk
cktkanuohm
anuohmf
f cmrk p`fymhkt
p`fymhkt
l`gmom
l`gmom cmrk
cmrk p`fymhk
p`fymhktt akjpk
akjpk akjpk.
ymfl s`cmfl ckmomak
s`amhkf a`anuruh.
^`omskjfmo Kft`rmhsk sjbkmo
Okflhuflm H`mamfmf cmf pmcm p`fc`rktm akjpk mhmf Ymc
Ymcmm jrmfl
jrmfl fjramo
fjramo,, tkcmh
tkcmh
f prjt`hsk a`fl
a`flmo
moma
makk r`
r`sk
skhj
hj bk
bkc`
c`rm
rm mh
mhmf
mf a`fl
a`flmo
moma
makk rk
rksk
skhj
hj
hm
hmr`
r`fm
fm mc
mcmf
mfym
ym lm
lmfl
fllu
lumf
mf b`c`rm hmr`fm nksm a`okemt
p`flokemtmf. c`flmf g`oms
 n. Y`a`rkhsmmfOmn
Y`a`rkhsmmfOmnjrmtjrku
jrmtjrkua
a

Fj S`s C`dkfksk/Fkomk
C`dkfksk/Fkomk fjramo H`omkfmf ymfl ckt`auhmf
ckt`auhmf

b. Y`a`rk
Y`a`rkhsmm
hsmmf
f Y`fuf
Y`fufgmfl
gmfl
=. Djtj
Djtj dufcu
ufcuss / r`
r`ttkfm.
kfm.
>. Y`a`rk
Y`a`rkhsm
hsmmf
mf ompm
ompmfl
fl pmfcm
pmfcmfl
fl / bmap
bmapka`
ka`trk
trk / p`rka
p`rka`tr
`trk.
k.
2. Y`a`rk
Y`a`rkhsm
hsmmf
mf humok
humoktms
tms r`tk
r`tkfm
fm ( @.^.L
@.^.L 1 `o`btr
`o`btrj
j r`tkfj
r`tkfj lrma
lrma).
).
3. Y`a`rkhsmmf
Y`a`rkhsmmf h`omkfmf
h`omkfmf jtmh
jtmh / nrmkf n`rhmktmf
n`rhmktmf c`flmf
c`flmf h`omkfm
h`omkfmf
f amtm ( @.@.L
@.@.L 1 `o`btrj
`o`btrj
‒ `fb` dmojlrma.
0. @TY
@TY (`v
(`vjh
jh`c
`c pjt
pjt`f
`ftk
tkmo
mo `x
`xma
makf
kfmt
mtkj
kjf)
f)..
4. PRL ( uotr
uotrmm ‒ sjfj ‒ lrmd
lrmdkk ) njom
njom amtm
amtm cmf h`oko
h`okokfl
kfl jrlmf
jrlmf amtm
amtm akss
akssmo
mo pmcm
pmcm
tuajr,pmfgmfl njom amtm , h`h`ftmomf n`fcm hmbm (vktr`jus).
<. ^`tkfja`tr
^`tkfja`trkk ( amhskamo
amhskamo h`auflh
h`auflhkfmf
kfmf tmgma p`flokemtmf
p`flokemtmf amtm ymfl t`rsksm).
t`rsksm).
5. BS sbmf
sbmf c`
c`fl
flmf
mf hjft
hjftrm
rmss / A^K.
A^K.

>. Ck
Ckml
mlfj
fjsm
sm H`p`
H`p`rm
rmwm
wmtm
tmf
f

m. Fy`r
Fy`rkk Mhu
Mhutt (C.
(C.99
99<<
<<))

=9

n. Lmfllumf Y`rs`psk R`fsjrk (C. 9950)

b. ^k
^ksk
skhj
hj Bk
Bkc`
c`rm
rm (C
(C.9
.9=24
=24))
c. C`dksk
C`dksktt Y`fl`
Y`fl`tme
tmeumf
umf (C. 9===)
9===)

FJ RCHK ROHK RKHK

.
=. Fy`rk Mhut (C. 99<<) Skflhmt Fy`rk (o.95944) =. Amfmg`a`f fy`rk
Hmt`ljrk 7 pskhjojlks C`dkfksk C`dkfksk 7
Runhmt`ljrk7 fy`rk cmf h`fymamfmf 7Y`flmomamfs`fsjsrkhmtmu`ajskjfm A`flkc
A`flkc`ftkd
`ftkdkhmsk
khmsk cmf a`fl`ojom
a`fl`ojom
kfkskk 7 p`flmomamf s`fsjrkh mtmu
C`dkfks
C`d o ymfl p`flmomamf s`fsjrk mtmu
`ajskj
`ajskjfmo
fmo ymfl
ymfl n`rhmk
n`rhmktmf
tmf c`flmf
c`flmf n`rhmktmfc`flmfh`rusmhmfgmrkflmf `ajskjfmo ymfl n`rhmktmf c`flmf
h`
h`ru
rusm
smsm
smhm
hmf
f gmrk
gmrkflm
flmf
f mh
mhtu
tumo
mo mt
mtmu
mu mbtumo mtmuduflskj
mtmuduflskjfmoc`f
fmoc`flmf
lmf jfs`t h`rusmhmf gmrkflmf mtmu
duflskjfmo, c`flmf jfs`t a`fcmcmh a`fcmcmhmtmuomanmt cmf duflskjfmo c`flmf jfs`t
mtmu omanmt cmf n`rkft`fsktms rkflmf n`rkft`fsktmsrkflmfekfllmn`rmt cmf a`fcmcmh mtmu omanmt cmf
ek
ekfl
fllm
lm n`
n`rm
rmtt ymfl
ymfl n`
n`ro
romf
mfls
lsuf
ufl
l hjfstmf. n`rkft`fsktms rkflmf ekfllm n`rmt
hurmfl cmrk 2 nuomf. Hrkt`rkmEmsko 7 cmf hjfstmf
Y`fy`nmn 7 R`t`ome ckomhuhmftkfcmhmf h`p`rmw Skfcmhmf
=. Ml`f
Ml`f p`
p`fb
fb`c
`c`r
`rmm dksk
dkskjo
jojl
jlks
ks(a
(aks
ks,, mtmfs`omam 2x>3 gma Jns`rvmsk

kfdomamsk, ksh`akm,f`jpomsam) amsmome Fy`rk mhutckemrmpmhmf a` =. kc`ftkdkhmsk ojhmsk,

>. Ml`f
Ml`f p`p`fb
fb`c`c`r
`rmm hkak
hkakmw
mwk(
k(ak
aks,
s, furuf cmf t`rmtmsk c`flmfkfckhmtjr7 hmrmh
mhtt`rkstkh, cur
urmmsk,
t`rnmhmr, nmemf hkakm krktmf) =. H`ou
H`ouemf
emffy
fy`r
`rka
ka`f
`fur
uruf
ufcmr
cmrks
ksh
h dr`hu`fsk, humoktms,
2. Ml`f p`fb`c`rm dkskh(aks. mo
momm > (b
(buh
uhup
upa`
a`fk
fkfl
flhm
hmt)
t) kft`fsktms fy`rk.
Mns`
Mns`s,
s, mapu
maputm
tmsk
sk,, t`
t`rn
rnmh
mhmr
mr,, a`fgmckshmom 3 S`rmp`utkh
t`rpjt
t`rpjtjfl,
jfl, a`flmf
a`flmflhmt
lhmt n`rmt,
n`rmt, (buhupa`furuf). =. N`rkhmf t`efkh fjf
prjs`cur jp`rmsk, trmuam, >. A`rk
A`rkflk
flksa
sa`f
`fur
uruf
ufcmr
cmrks
kshm
hmom
om dmramhjojlks uftuh
omtkemf dkskh n`ro`nkemf) > (buhupa`fkflhmt) a`flurmflk rmsm
L`gmom cmf tmfcm amyjr a`fgmckshmom 0 (a`furuf) fy`rk( aks, S@FR,
Rung`htkd 7 2. Rkhmppr
Rkhmpprjt`
jt`htk
htkda`
da`fur
furufcm
ufcmrks
rks ekpfj
fjssks, mhu
hup
pr`sur`,
=. A`fl
A`fl`o
`oue
ue fy`r
fy`rkk hm
hmom
om > (b
(buh
uhup
upa`
a`fk
fkfl
flhm
hmt)
t) t`rmpk auskh, nkjd``cnmbh,
Jng`htkd 7 a`fgmckshmom 0 (a`furuf). t`rmpkk pkgmt,
t`rmp pkgmt, mrjam t`rmpk,
=. Smap
Smapmh
mh a`rk
a`rkfl
flks
ks 3. L`ok
L`oksm
smea
ea`f
`fur
uruf
ufcm
cmrk
rksh
shmo
momm > t`efkh kamgkfmsk
>. N`rskhmp prjt`htkd (buhupa`fkflhmt) t`rnkankfl, hjapr`s
(aksmofym
(aksmofym . wmspmcm,
wmspmcm, pjsksk
pjsksk a`fgmckshmom 0 (a`furuf) emflmt
mt//ckflkf, t`r
`rmmpk

==

a`flekfcmrk fy`rk) 0. H`suok

H`suoktmf
tmfSkc
Skcura
ura`fu
`furuf
rufcmr
cmrkk n`ramkf)
2. L`oksme shmom
shmom > (buhup
(buhupa`f
a`fkfl
kflhmt
hmt)) >. Hjft
jftrjo ok
okfl
flhu
hufl
flmf
mf ymfl
ymfl
3. Dr
Dr`h
`hu`
u`fs
fskk fmck
fmck a`f
a`fkf
kflhm
lhmtt a`fgmckshmom 0 (a`furuf) a`ap
a`ap`r
`rn`
n`rm
rmtt rm
rmsm
sm fy
fy`r
`rkk
0. Ruokt tk
tkcur 4. A`fmrk
A`fmrkhck
hckrka
rka`fur
`furufcm
ufcmrks
rkshm
hm (aks. Rueu rumflmf,
L`gmom cmf tmfcm akfjr om > (bu
buh
hupa`fkflhmt) p`fbmemymmf , h`nkskflmf)
Rung`htkd (tkcmh t`rs`ckm) a`fgmckshmom 0 (a`furuf) @cuhmsk
Jng`htkd 7 <. N`rdjhus pmcm =. G`omshmf p`fy`nmn,
=. S`
S`hm
hmfm
fmf
f cmrm
cmrme
e a`f
a`fkf
kflhm
lhmtt ckrks`fckrka`furufcmrkshmom p`rkjc`, cmf p`akbu fy`rk

>. Yjom
Yjom fmdm
fmdmss n`r
n`run
unme
me > (buhupa`fkflhmt) >. G`omshmf strmt`lk
2. Fmds
Fmdsu
u amhm
amhmf
f n`ru
n`runm
nme
e a`fgmckshmom 0 (a`furuf) a`r`cmhmf fy`rk
3. Yr
Yrjs
js`s
`s n`rd
n`rdkh
khkr
kr t`r
t`rlmf
lmfll
llu
u 5. Ckmdjr
Ckmdjr`sk
`sksa`
sa`fur
furufcm
ufcmrks
rkshmo
hmomm 2. Mgmrhmf t`efkh fjf
 0. A`fmrkh ckr
ckrk > (buhupa`fkflhmt) dmramhjojlks uftuh
4. N`rd
N`rdjh
jhus
us pmcm
pmcm ckr
ckrkk s`fck
s`fckrk
rk a`fgmckshmom 0 (a`furuf) a`flurmflk rmsm fy`rk
<. Ckmdjr`s
`skks ;. SST (S`hmfmfcmrme, Hjomnjrmsk
Hjfcksk hokfks t`rhmkt dr`hu`
dr`hu`fsk
fskfmck
fmck,, pjomfm
pjomfmdms
dms)) Hjomnjrmsk p`an`rkmf
=. Hjfc
Hjfcks
kskk p`
p`an
an`c
`cme
memf
mf a`anmkhcmrkshmom > mfmol`skh,gkhm p`rou
>. B`c`
B`c`rm
rm trmu
trmuam
amtk
tkss (buhupa`anuruh)
2. Kfd`hsk a`fgmckshmom 0 (a`anmkh) >. Y`an`rkmf Mfmol`skh
3. Ryfc
Ryfcrj
rja
a hjrj
hjrjf`
f`rr mhut
mhut =9
=9.. Yr
Yrjs
js`s
`s
0. lomuhjam n`rdkhkra`anmkhcmrkshmom > C`dkfksk 7 a`fy
a`fykm
kmph
phmf
mf cm
cmf
f
(buhupa`anuruh) a`an`r
a`an`rkhm
khmf
f ml`f dmramh
dmramhjoj
jojlks
lks
a`fgmckshmom 0 (a`anmkh) uftuh a`flurmflk mtmu
==
==.. Dj
Djhu
husa
sa`a
`anmk
nmkhc
hcmr
mrks
kshmo
hmomm > a`flekomflhmf rmsm smhkt.
(buhupa`anuruh) Skfcmhmf
a`fgmckshmom 0 (a`anmkh) Jns`rvmsk
Fmdsu amhmfa`anmkhcmrkshmom - Kc`ftkdkh
Kc`ftkdkhmsk
msk rkwmymt
rkwmymt mo`rlk
mo`rlk
> (buhupa`anuruh) jnmt
a`fgmckshmom 0 (a`anmkh) S`rmp`utkh
- Ckshuskhmf g`fks mfmol`skh
ymfl cksuhmk uftuh
a`fbmp
a`fbmpmk
mk mfmol`
mfmol`skh
skh ymfl
ymfl

=>

jptkamo.
@cuhmsk
- G`o
`oms
mshm
hmf
f `d
`d`h
`h smapk
mapkfl
fl
jnmt
Hjomnjrmsk
- Hjo
jomn
mnjr
jrms
mskk p`a
p`an`r
n`rkmf
cjsks cmf g`fks mfmol`skh,
s`uskm kfckhmsk

2. Y`amftmumf Fy`rk (K.95>3>)

C`dkfksk 7 a`f
a`flua
luapuo
puohmf
hmf cmf
 a`flmfmoksm cmtm fy`rk
Skfcmhmf7
Jns`rvmsk
- Ajfktjr curmsk cmf
dr`hu`fsk fy`rk
S`rmp`utkh
- Mtur kft`rvmo wmhtu
p`amftmumf s`sumk c`flmf
hjfcksk pmsk`f
@cuhmsk
- G`omshmf tugumf cmf
prjs`cur p`amftmumf.
Hjomnjrmsk
- Skcmh t`rs`ckm

3. S`rmpk Aurmttmo (K.95>3;)

C`dkfksk7 a`fllufmhmf a`ckm Mo-
]urimf
]urimf (nmkh
(nmkh c`flmf
c`flmf a`fc`f
a`fc`flmr
lmr
mtmu
mtmu a`anmb
a`anmbm)
m) uftuh
uftuh a`anmft
a`anmftu
u

=2

a`fkfl
a`fkflhmt
hmthmf
hmf p`runme
p`runmemf
mf ymfl
ymfl
sp`mkdkh cmoma tunue nmkh s`bmrm
dkskjojlks amupuf pskhjojlks.
Skfcmhmf 7
Jns`rvmsk
- Kc`ft
ftkkdkhmsk omam cmf
cu
curm
rmsk
sk p`
p`an
an`r
`rkm
kmf
f s`
s`su
sumk
mk
c`flmf hjfcksk pmsk`f

S`rmp`utkh
- Yjsk
Yjsksk
skhm
hmf
f cm
cmom
oma
a pjsk
pjsksk
sk
okflhuflm ymfl fymamf
 @cuhmsk
- G`omshmf tugumf cmf
amfdmmt t`rmpk
Hjomnjrmsk
- Skcmh t`rs`ckm

>. Lmfllumf pr`s`psk s`fsjrk (C. Y`rs`psk R`fsjrk (o.9;952) Akfkamoksmsk rmflsmflmf
9950)
C`dkfksk 7 Y`rs`psk r`moktms t`remcmp
Hmt`ljrk 7 pskhjojlks C`dkfksk 7
Runhmt`ljrk7 kft`lrktms `lj st
stka
kauo
uous
us nm
nmkh
kh kft`
kft`rf
rfmo
mo amup
amupuf
uf
C`dkfksk7
`hst`rfmo A`flurmflk guaome mtmu pjom
Y`runmemf pr`spske t`remcmp
stkauous nmkh kft`rfmo amupuf Hrkt`rkmEmsko 7 rmflsmflmf ymfl mcm (nmkh
`hst`rfmo ymfl ck s`rtmk cmflmf
R`t`ome ckomhuhmftkfcmhmf h`p`rmw kft`rfmo mtmu `hst`rfmo)
r`spjf ymfl n`rhurmfl, n`ro`nke
mtmu t`rckstjrmske. mtmfs`omam 2x>3 gma
Y`fy`n`n
amsmome lmfllumf pr`s`psk Skfcmhmf7
=. Lmfl
Lmfllum
lumff p`flo
p`floke
kemt
mtmf
mf
>. Lmfl
Lmfllum
lumf f p`fc`
p`fc`flmflmrmrmf
f s`fsjrkckemrmpmhmf a`furuf Jns`rmsk
2. Lmfl
Lmfllu
lumfmf p`f
p`fekekcu
cumf
mf cmf t`rmtmsk c`flmfkfckhmtjr7
3. Lmfl
Lmfllu
lumfmf p`r
p`rmn
mnmm
mmff
=. T`rn
T`rnmo
moks
ksms
mskk a`f
`fc`
c`fl
flmr
mr - Y`a`rkhsm stmtus a`ftmo,
0. Ekpj
Ekpjhs
hskm
km s`r
s`r`n
`nrm
rmoo
nkskhmfa`furufcmrkshmo stmtus s`fsjrk, cmf tkflhmt
4. Y`fy
Y`fy`o
`ome
melu
lufmfmmf
mf zm
zmtt
<. Pskm om
omfgu
fgut m > (b
(buhu
uhupa
pa`f
`fkf
kflh
lhmt
mt)) h`fymamfmf (aks.
5. Y`am
Y`amgm
gmfm
fmff ttjh
jhsk
skf
f fy`rk,h`o`omemf)
a`fgmckshmom 3

=3

okflhuflmf (buhupa`furuf). S`rmp`utkh

L`gmom cmf tmfcm amyjr >. T`rnmoksmsk a`okemt

- Ckshuskhmf tkflhmt
Rung`htkd nmymflmf
=. A`fc
A`fc`f`flmr
lmr su
sumr
mrmm nksk
nkskhm
hmf
f tjo`rmfsk t`remcmp n`nmf
a`furufcmrkshmom >
mtmu a`okemt nmymflmf s`fsjrk (aks. nkskfl, t`romou
>. A`rm
A`rmsm
smhm
hmff s`sum
s`sumtutu a`om
a`omou
oukk (buhupa`fkflhmt)
t`rmfl)
kfcrm p`rmnmmf, p`fbkuamf, a`fgmckshmom 0
p`rmnmmf, mtmu p`flmbmpmf - Nmtmske stkauous (aks.
(a`furuf)
bmemym, sumrm, mhtkdkts)
Jng`htkd 2. T`rn
T`rnmo
moks
ksms
mskk a`r
`rms
msmh
mhmf
mf

=. Ckst
>. Ckstjr
^`sp
^` jrsk
spjf ske
setkcmh
jfs tks`fs
s` fsjr
cmhjrk
s`ksumk
s`su mk s`sumt
s`sumtu
u a`omou
a`omoukk kfcrm
kfcrm - Gmcwmohmf mhtkdktms emrkmf
cmf wmhtu kstkrmemt
2. N`rs
N`rskh
khmp
mp s`jo
s`jome
me a`ok
a`okemt
emt,, p`rmnmmf
- Hjankfmskhmf
a`fc`flmr, a`fl`bmp, mtmu a`furufcmrkshmom >
 a`fbkua s`sumtu prjs`cur/Skfcmhmf cmoma
(buhupa`fkflhmt)
smtu wmhtu,s`sumk
L`gmom cmf tmfcm akfjr a`fgmckshmom 0
Rung`htkd h`nutuema
=. A`fy
A`fymt
mtmh
mhmf
mf h`sm
h`smoo (a`furuf).
3. T`rn
T`rnmo
moks
ksms
mskk a`r
`rms
msmh
mhmf
mf @cuhmske
Jng`htkd
>. A`fy`fckr ckrk s`
s`su
sumt
mtu
u a`om
a`omou
oukk kf
kfcr
crmm
2. A`omauf p`fbkuamf - Mgmrmhmf bmrm
3. Hjfs
Hjfs`f
`ftr
trms
mske
ke nuru
nuruh h a`amfkoksmsk stkauous
a`furufcmrkshmom >
0. Cksjr`
Cksjr`ftm
ftmske
ske wmhtu,
wmhtu, t`apmt
t`apmt,,
(buhupa`fkflhmt) (aks. a`flmtur
jrmfl mtmu sktumske
4. Burklm a`fgmckshmom 0 p`fbmemymmf rumflmqf,
<. A`ok
A`okemt
emt h`h`su
sumtmtuu mrme
mrme a`flurmflk h`nkskflmf,
(a`furuf)
5. Ajfc
Ajfcmrmr--amfc
amfckr kr a`anmtmsk hufguflmf)
;. Nk
Nkbm
bmrm
rm s`f
s`fckckrrk 0. T`rn
T`rnmo
moks
ksms
mskk a`r
`rms
msmh
mhmf
mf
s`
s`su
sumt
mtu
u a`om
a`omou
oukk kf
kfcr
crmm
Hjfcksk hokfks t`rhmkt Hjomnjrmsk
=. Lomuhjam p`fl`bmpmf
>. Hmtmrmh a`furufcmrkshmom > - Hjomnjrmsk cmoma

2. Lmfl
Lmfllum
lumff r`drm
r`drmhs
hskk (akjp
(akjpk,k, (buhupa`fkflhmt) a`akfkamo
ekp`rjpkm, mstklamtksa`,
a`fgmckshmom 0 prjs`cur/tkfcmhmf
pr`snyjpkm)
3. Sr
Srmu
muam
am jhuo
jhuo`r
`r (a`furuf) - Hjomnjrmsk p`an`rkmf jnmt
0. Sr
Srmu
muam
am pm
pmcm
cm smrm
smrmdd hokf
hokfks
ks KK,
KK, 4. Ckstjrsk s`fsjrk ymfl a`ap`flmruek
KKK, KT mhknmt strjh`,
a`furufcmrkshmom > pr`s`pske stkauous.
mf`urksam kftrmbrmfkmo,
trmuam/tuajr jtmh (buhupa`fkflhmt)

=0

4. Kfd`h
fd`hsk
sk jhuo
jhuo`r `r a`fgmckshmom 0
<. Yr`s
Yr`snk
nkhu
huskskss (a`furuf)
5. Amod
Amoduf
ufls
lske
ke momt
momt nmft
nmftuu c`flmr
c`flmr
<. Y`rkomhu emouskfmsk
;. C`okrkua
=9. C`a`fs
C`a`fskm km a`furufcmrkshmom >
==. Lmfllumf
Lmfllumf maf`st
maf`stkbkb (buhupa`fkflhmt)
=>. Y`fymhkt
Y`fymhkt t`rak
t`rakfmo
fmo
a`fgmckshmom 0
=2. Lmfllumf
Lmfllumf pskhjt
pskhjtkh
kh
(a`furuf)
5. A`fmrkh ckrk

a`furufcmrkshmom >
(buhupa`fkflhmt)
a`fgmckshmom 0
 (a`furuf)
;. A`o
A`omauf
mauf a`fu
a`furu
ruf
f cmr
cmrk
shmom > (buhup
a`fk
a`fkfl
flhm
hmtt) a`fg
a`fgmc
mckk
shmom 0 (a`furuf)
=9.
=9. Burk
Burklm
lm a`fu
a`furruf cmr
cmrk
shmom > (buhup
a`fk
a`fkfl
flhm
hmtt) a`fg
a`fgmc
mckk
shmom 0 (a`furuf)
==. Ajfcmr amfckr
a`fu
a`furu
ruf
f cm
cmrk
rk shmo
shmomm >
(buhup a`fkflhmt)
a`fgmck shmom 0
(a`fkflhmt)
=>. ^`spjf s`sumk
stkauousa`anmkhcmrksh
mom > (buhupa`anuruh)
a`fgmckshmom 0
(a`anmkh)
=2. Hjfs`ftrmsk
Hjfs`ftrmska`anmk
a`anmkhcmr
hcmr

=4

kshmom >
(buhupa`anuruh)
a`fgmckshmom 0
(a`anmkh)
=3. Jrk`ftmska
Jrk`ftmska`anmkh
`anmkhcmrksh
cmrksh
mom > (buhupa`anuruh)
a`fgmckshmom 0
(a`anmkh)

2. =. ^`sk
^`skhjhj b`c`
b`c`rm
rm Skflhmt B`c`rm (o.=3=24) Amf`g`a`f h`s`o`amtmf
Hmt`ljrk 7 okflhuflmf
fksk 7 H`pmrm
C`dkfksk
C`dk H`pmrmemf
emf cmrk
cmrk b`c`rm
b`c`rm
Runhmt`ljrk 7 h`mmfmf cmf prjt`hsk okflhuflmf (K.=30=2)
C`dkfksk 7 ymfl ck mamtk mtmu ck ompjrhmf
A`flmomak nmemym mtmtu h`rusmhmf
 Hrkt`rkmEmsko 7 C`dkfksk
dkskh ymfl a`fy`nmnhmf s`s`jrmfl
tkcmh omlk s`p`fuefym s`emt mtmu R`t`ome ckomhuhmftkfcmhmf h`p`rmw
cmoma hjfcksk nmkh. A`flkc`ftkdkhmske cmf
mtmfs`omam 2x>3 gma
Dmhtjr r`skhj
@hst`rfmo amsmome r`skhj a`fl
a`fl`o
`ojo
jome
me ok
okfl
flhu
hufl
flmf
mf dk
dksk
skh
h
=. S`rp
S`rpmp
mpmr
mr pmtj
pmtjl`
l`f
f uftuh a`fkflhmthmf h`s`omamtmf.
b`c`rmckemrmpmhmf a`furuf
>. S`
S`rp
rpmpm
mpmrr zmt
zmt hkak
hkakmm tjhs
tjhskh
kh
2. S`
S`rp
rpmpm
mpmrr ml`f
ml`f fjs
fjsjbj
jbjak
akmo
mo cmf t`rmtmsk c`flmfkfckhmtjr7
3. H`tk
H`tkcm
cmhm
hmam
amfmf
fmf trmfs
trmfspjr
pjrtm
tmsk
sk =. Sjo`rm
Sjo`rmfsk
fsk mhtkvk
mhtkvktms
tms a`fkflhmt Skfcmhmf7
a`fkflhmt
Kft`rfmo
=. H`tk
H`tkcm
cmhf
hfjr
jram
amom
omff prjdk
prjdkoo cmr
mrkkshmom > (buh
uhu
up a`furuf) Jns`rvmsk
cmrme
a`fgmckshmom 0 (a`fkflhmt).
>. Y`
Y`ru
runm
nmem
emf f jrk`ft
jrk`ftms
mskk md`ht
md`htkd
kd - Kc
Kc`ft
`ftkd
kdkh
khms
mske
ke h`
h`nu
nutu
tuem
emf
f
2. Y`ru
Y`runm
nmem
emf f s`f
s`fsm
smsk
sk >. Fmdsu amhmf
3. C`sd
C`sduf
ufls
lskk mutjf
mutjfja
jakk h`s`omamtmf (aks. Hjfcksk
a`fkflhmtcmrkshmom >
0. C`sd
C`sduf
ufls
lskk nkjhk
nkjhkak
akmm dkskh,
dkskh, duflske
duflske hjlfktkdcmf
hjlfktkdcmf
4. Ekpj
Ekpjhs
hskm
km gmr
gmrkf
kflm
lmff (buhupa`furuf)
<. H`lm
H`lmlmo
lmomf
mf a`hm
a`hmfkfksa
sa`` rkwmymt p`rkomhu)
a`fgmckshmom 0 (a`fkflhmt)
p`rtmemef tunue - Ajfktjr
Ajfktjr p`runmemf
p`runmemf stmtus
stmtus
5. Amofutrutrksk 2. Sjo`rmfsk amhmfmf
;. Y`ru
Y`runm
nmem
emf f dufl
duflsk
skee h`smomamtmf okflhuflmf
pskhjajtjr a`fkflhmtcmrkshmom >
=9. Y`runmemf
Y`runmemf duflske
duflske hjlfktkd
hjlfktkd (buhupa`furuf) S`rmp`utkh
Hjfcksk hokfks t`rhmkt
a`fgmckshmom 0 (a`fkflhmt).
=. H`gmfl
- Ekomflhmf nmemym
>. Rkfhjp 3. H`gmckmf
2. T`rtklj h`
h`sm
smom
omam
amtm
tmf
f ok
okfl
flhuf
huflm
lmf
f
b`c`rm
b`c`rma`f
a`furu
urufcmr
fcmrksh
kshmom
mom >
3. Lmfl
Lmfllum
lumff p`flo
p`floke
kemt
mtmf
mf
(aks
(aks.. Dk
Dksk
skh,
h, nk
nkjo
jojl
jlk,
k, cmf
0. Lmfl
Lmfllum
lumff p`fc`
p`fc`flm
flmrmrmf
f (buhupa`fkflhmt)
4. Y`fy
Y`fymh
mhkt
kt Ymr
Ymrhk
hkfs
fsjf
jf

=<

<. Ekpjt`fsk a`fgmckshmom 0 (a`furuf)

5. H`omkf
H`omkfmf
mf f`rvus
f`rvus v`stk
v`stknuo
nuomrk
mrkss hkakm) gkhm a`auflhkfhmf
0. Ouhm/o
Ouhm/o`b`t
`b`ta`f
a`furu
urufcmr
fcmrksh
kshmom
mom
;. ^`tm
^`tmrc
rcms
mske
ke a`f
a`ftm
tmoo - Ajck
Ajckdk
dkhms
hmske
ke ok
okfl
flhuf
huflm
lmf
f
> (buhupa`fkflhmt)
uftuh a`akfkamo
moh
hmf
a`fgmckshmom 0 (a`furuf)
nmemym cmf r`skhj
4. H`t`lmfl
flmmf
- R`ckmhmf momt nmftu
jtjt
jtjta`
a`fu
furu
rufc
fcmr
mrks
kshm
hmom
om >
h`ma
h`mamf
mfmf
mf ok
okfl
flhu
hufl
flmf
mf
(buhupa`fkflhmt)
(aks. Bjaajc` bemkr cmf
a`fgmckshmom 0 (a`furuf)
<. Drmh
Drmhtu
tura
ra`f
`fur
uruf
ufcm
cmrk
rksh
shmo
momm > p`lmfllmf tmflmf)
- Lufmhmf p`rmflhmt
(buhupa`fkflhmt)
p`okfcufl (aks.
a`fgmckshmom 0 (a`furuf)
 Y`fl
Y`fl`h
`hmf
mflm
lmf
f dk
dksk
skh,
h, r`
r`oo
5. Y`
Y`fc
fcmr
mrme
memf
mf,, `hspr
`hspr`s
`skk wmgme
wmgme
smapkf
smapkfl,
l, pkftu
pkftu t`r
t`rhufb
hufbk,
k,
h`smhktmf, mlktmsk,
pmlmr)
krktmnkoktms, lmfllumf
- Eunuflmf pkemh
ajnkoktms, lmfllumf
n`rw`fmfl s`sumk amsmome
hjlfktkda`
hjlfktkda`furufcmr
furufcmrkshmo
kshmomm >
hjaufktms (aks.
(buhupa`fkflhmt)
Yush`sams, pjoksk,
a`fgmckshmom 0 (a`furuf)
cmahmr)
;. SST (S`hmfmfcmrme,
- Dmsk
Dmskoomt
mtms
ms r`
r`oojhms
jhmske
ke h`
dr`hu`
dr`hu`fsk
fskfmck
fmck,, pjomfm
pjomfmdms
dms))
okflhumflmf ymfl mamf
a`anmkhcmrkshmom >
- Omhuhmf prjlrma shrkfkfl
(buhupa`anuruh)
nmemym okflhuflmf (aks.
a`fgmckshmom 0 (a`anmkh)
Skanmo)
=9. C`fyut gmftufl
mpkhmo
mpkhmoa`a
a`anmk
nmkhcmr
hcmrksh
kshmom
mom > @cuhmske
(buhupa`anuruh)
a`fgmckshmom 0 (a`anmkh) - Mgmrhmf kfckvkcu, h`oumrlm

==. C`fyut gmftufl cmf h`ojapjh r`skhj

rmckmoksa
rmckmoksa`anmk
`anmkhcmrks
hcmrkshmom
hmom > tkfllk nmemym okflhuflmf

(buhupa`anuruh)
a`fgmckshmom 0 (a`anmkh)

=5

=>. Yjom kstkrmemt/tkcur

a`anmkhcmrkshmom >
(buhupa`anuruh)
a`fgmckshmom 0 (a`anmkh)
3. C`dkskt Y`fl`tmeumf (C. 9===) Skflhmt Y`fl`tmeumf (o.=>===) @cuhmsk h`s`emtmf
Hmt`ljrk7 p`rkomhu C`dk
C`dkfksk 7 H`buhupmf
fksk H`buhupmf kfdjramsk
kfdjramsk C`dkfksk7
Runhmt`
t`l
ljrk 7 p`fyuouemf cmf hjl
hjlfk
fktk
tkdd ym
ymfl
fl n`
n`rh
rhmk
mktm
tmf
f c`
c`fl
flmf
mf A`flmg
A`flmgmrhmf
mrhmf p`fl`ojommf
p`fl`ojommf dmhtjr
dmhtjr
p`an`omgmrmf tjpkh t`rt`ftu r`
r`sk
skhj
hj p`fy
p`fymh
mhkkt cmf
cmf p`r
p`rko
komh
mhu
u

C`dkfksk 7 h`tkmcmmf
h`tkmcmmf mtmu hurmflfym
hurmflfym Hrkt`rkmEmsko 7 ekcup n`rske s`rtm s`emt
kfdjra
kfdjramsk
msk hjlfktk
hjlfktkdd ymfl
ymfl n`rhmk
n`rhmktmf
tmf R`t`ome ckomhuhmftkfcmhmf h`p`rmw Skfcmhmf
c`flmf tjpkh t`rt`ftu mtmfs`omam 2x>3 gma Jns`rvmsk
Y`fy`nmn 7 amsmome C`dkskt =. Kc
Kc`f
`ftk
tkdk
dkhm
hmsk
sk h`
h`sk
skmp
mpmf
mf cm
cmf
f
=. H`t`
H`t`rm
rmtm
tmsm
smf
f hj
hjlfk
lfktk
tkdd Y`fl`tmeumfckemrmpmhmf a`furuf h`am
h`ama
apumf
pumf a`f`
a`f`rk
rkam
am
>. Lmfl
Lmfllum
lumf
f dufl
duflsk
sk hjl
hjlfk
fktk
tkdd cmf t`rmtmsk c`flmfkfckhmtjr7 kfdjramsk
2. H`h`okrumf a`flkhutk =. Y`rkom
Y`rkomhu
hu s`sumk
s`sumk mfgurm
mfgurmf
f >. Kc
Kc`f
`ftk
tkdk
dkhm
hmsk
sk dm
dmht
htjr
jr dm
dmht
htjr
jr
mfgurmf a`fkflhmtcmrkshmom > ymfl cmpmt a`fkflhmthmf
a`fkflhmthmf
3. Hurm
Hurmfl
fl t`rp
t`rpmpm
mpmrr kfdj
kfdjra
rams
mskk (buhup a`furuf) cmf a`furufhmf ajtkvmsk
0. Hurm
Hurmfl
fl akf
akfmt
mt cmo
cmoma
ma n`o
n`omg
mgmr
mr a`fgmckshmom 0 p`rkomhu ekcup n`rske cmf
4. Hurm
Hurmfl
fl amap
amapu
u a`f
a`flk
lkfl
flmt
mt (buhupa`fkflhmt). s`emt
<. H`tk
H`tkcm
cmht
htme
meum
umf
f a`
a`f`
f`au
auhm
hmf
f A`rkflksa`furufcmrkshmom S`rmp`utkh
suan`r kfdjramsk >. T`rnmoksmsk akfmt cmoma =. R`
R`ck
ckmh
mhmf
mf amt
amt`r
`rkk cmf
cmf a`ck
a`ckmm
L`gmom cmf tmfcm amyjr_ n`omgmr a`fkflhmt cmrk shmom p`fckckhmf h`s`emtmf
Rung`htkd > (buhupa`furuf) >. N`
N`rk
rkhmf
hmf h`
h`s`
s`ap
apmt
mtmf
mf uft
uftuh
uh
=. A`fm
A`fmfy
fymh
mhmf
mf ams
amsmo
mome
me ymfl
ymfl a`fgmckshmom 0 (a`fkflhmt) n`rtmfym
ckemcmpk 2. H`amapumf a`fg`omshm
hmf
f @cuhmsk

Jng`htkd p`fl`tmeumf t`ftmfl sumtu =. G`omshmf dmhtjr r`skhj

=. A`fu
A`fufg
fguh
uhmf
mf p`r
p`rkom
omhu
hu tkcm
tkcmh
h tjpkh a`fkflhmttcmrkshmom > ymfl cmpmt a`ap`flmruek
s`sumk mfgurmf (buhupa`furuf) h`s`emtmf
>. A`fu
A`fuf
f guhmf
guhmf pr`s
pr`s`p
`psk
sk ymfl
ymfl a`fgmckshmom 0 (a`fkflhmt). >. Mgmrhmf p`rkomhu ekcup
h`okru t`remcmp amsmome 3. L`ok
L`oksm
smea
ea`f
`fur
uruf
ufcm
cmrk
rksh
shmo
momm > n`rske cmf s`emt
L`gmom cmf tmfcm akfjr (buhupa`fkflhmt) Hjomnjrmsk

=;

Run`htkd 7 tkcmh t`rs`ckm a`fgmckshmom 0 (a`furuf) - Skcmh t`rs`ckm

Jng`htkd7 0. H`amapumf
=. A`fg
A`fgmo
momf
mfkk p`a`r
p`a`rkh
khsm
smmf
mf ymfl
ymfl a`fllmanmrhmf >. Nkankflmf Rkst`a H`s`emtmf
tkcmh t`pmt p`flmomamf s`n`ouafym C`dkfkssk 7 A`flk
`dkfk A`flkc`ftk
c`ftkdkhmsk
dkhmsk cmf
>. A`fu guhmf p`rkomhu ym
ymfl
fl s`
s`su
sumk
mk c`
c`fl
flmf
mf tj
tjpk
pkh
h a`
a`fl
fl`a
`anm
nmfl
flhm
hmf
f h`
h`am
amap
apum
umf
f
n`ro`nkemf (aks. Mpmtks, a`fkflhmtcmrkshmom > utfuh a`flmtmsk amsmome
n`rausulemf, mckhmsk cmf (buhupa`furuf) h`s`emtmf.
ekst`rrkm) a`fgmckshmom 0 (a`fkflhmt) Skfcmhmf 7
Hjfcksk hokfks t`rhmkt 4. Y`rkomhu s`sumk c`flmf Jns`rvmsk
=. Hjfcksk hokfks ymfl nmru p`fl`tmeumf - Kc`ftkdkhmsk amsmome
ckemcmpk jo`e hok`f a`fkflhmtcmrkshmom > h`s`emtmf kfckvkcu,
>. Y`fy
Y`fymh
mhkkt mhut
mhut (buhupa`furuf) h`oumrlm cmf amsymrmhmt.
2. Y`fy
Y`fymh
mhkt
kt hrjf
hrjfks
ks a`fgmckshmom 0 (a`fkflhmt) S`rmp`utkh
<. Y`
Y`rt
rtmf
mfym
ymmf
mf t`ft
t`ftmfl
mfl ams
amsmo
mome
me - Dmskoktmsk p`
p`a
a`fu
fue
emf
ymfl ck h`nutuemf h`s`emtmf.
emcmpk
emcmpka`f
a`furu
urufcmr
fcmrksh
kshmom
mom > @cuhmsk

(buhupa`fkflhmt) - Nkankfl uftuh

a`fgmckshmom 0 (a`furuf) n`rtmfllufl gmwmn
5. Y`rs`psk ymfl h`okru a`fl
flkkc`ft
ftkkdkhm
hmssk cmf
t`remcmp a`fl`anmflhmf
amsmomea`furufcmrkshmom > h`amapumf
h`amapumf a`a`bmehmf
a`a`bmehmf
(buhupa`fkflhmt) amsmome
amsmome h`s`emtmf
h`s`emtmf s`bmrm
s`bmrm
a`fgmckshmom 0 (a`furuf) amfckrk.
;. A`fgmomfk p`a`rkhsmmf Hjomnjrmsk
ym
ymfl
fl tkcmh
tkcmh t`
t`pm
pmtt a`fur
a`furuf
uf Skcmh t`rs`ckm
cmrk shmom > (buhup
a`fkflhmt) a`fgmck shmom 0 2. @cuhmsk Amfmg`a`f Rtr`ss
(a`furuf) C`dkfksk 7 A`f
A`flmg
lmgmrh
mrhmf
mf pmsk`f
pmsk`f
=9. Y`rkom
Y`rkomhu
hu a`anmk
a`anmkhcm
hcmrks
rkshmom
hmom uf
ufttuh a`flkc`ftkdkhmsk cm
cmf
f
> (buhupa`anuruh) a`fl`ojom str`s mhknmt p`runmemf
a`fgmckshmom 0 (a`anmkh) pjom ekcup s`emrk-emrk.

>9

Skfcmhmf 7
Jns`rvmsk
- Kc`ftk
Kc`ftkdkh
dkhmsk
msk h`skmp
h`skmpmf
mf cmf
h`am
h`ama
apumf
pumf a`f`
a`f`rk
rkam
am
kfdjramsk
S`rmp`utkh
- R`ckmhmf amt`rk cmf a`ckm
p`fckckhmf h`s`emtmf
@cuhmsk
- G`omshmf t`hfkh r`omhsmsk
- Mgmrhmf omtkemf ms`rtkd
 Hjomnjrmsk
Skcmh t`rs`ckm

3. @cuhmsk Omtkemf Dkskh

C`dk
C`dkfksk 7 A`flmg
fksk A`flmgmrhmf
mrhmf mhtkvktms
mhtkvktms

dkskh r`luo`r uftuh

a`ap`rtmemfhmf cmf
a`fk
a`fkfl
flhm
hmth
thmf
mf h`
h`nu
nulm
lmrm
rmf
f cm
cmf
f
h`s`emtmf.
Skfcmhmf 7
Jns`rvmsk
- Kc`ftk
Kc`ftkdhm
dhmsk
sk h`skmp
h`skmpmf
mf cmf
h`am
h`ama
apumf
pumf a`f`
a`f`rk
rkam
am
kfdjramsk.
S`rmp`utkh
- R`ckmhmf amt`rk cmf a`ckm
p`fckckhmf h`s`emtmf
@cuhmsk
- G`omshmf amfdmmt
h`s`emtmf cmf `d`h

>=

dkskjojlks jomermlm.
Hjomnjrmsk
Skcmh t`rs`ckm.
 >>

NMN KKK
Y@FPSPY
2.= Rkapuo
Rkapuomf
mf
Akjpkmm mtmu ckh`fmo s`nmlmk rmnuf gmue mcmome s`nume mfjamok r`drmhs
Akjpk r`drmhskk pmcm amtm ymfl
ckhjr`hsk
ckhjr`hsk c`flmf o`fsm sd`rks
sd`rks f`lmtkv`.
f`lmtkv`. Ymcm akjpkm, nmymflmf jng`h ckdjhushmf
ckdjhushmf ck c`pmf
r`tkfm. Akjpkm a`rupmhmf h`omkfmf r`drmhsk pmcm amtm c`flmf tkflhmt pr`vmo`fsk ymfl tkfllk
ck cufkm. Akjpkm n`rmsmo cmrk nmemsm [ufmfk ‟Aujpkm‑ ymfl a`akokhk mrtk a`futup amtm.
Akjpkm t`rgmck mpmnkom nmymflmf n`fcm ymfl t`ro`tmh gmue ckdjhushmf ck c`pmf r`tkfm pmcm
amtm ymfl tkcmh n`rmhjajcmsk. Y`fc`rktm akjpkm mhmf a`rmsm g`oms smmt a`okemt c`hmt mtmu
pmcm gmrmh pmfcmfl t`rt`ftu cmf mhmf a`rmsm hmnur gkhm a`okemt pmfcmflmf gmue. Dmhtjr-
dmhtjr ymfl a`ap`flmrue
a`ap`flmruekk prjlr`skvk
prjlr`skvktms
tms akjpkm
akjpkm n`oua g`oms. Fmauf, nuhtk a`flmtmhmf
a`flmtmhmf
 nmewm mcmfym cjrjflmf auotkdmhtjrkmo mftmrm omkf l`f`tkh cmf dmhtjr okflhuflmf cmpmt
a`fy`nmnhmf t`rgmckfym akjpkm.
2.>
2.> Rmrmf
Rmrmf
R`ajlm msh`p kfk cmpmt n`ramfdmmt cmf a`fgmck r`d`r`fsk nmlk p`anmbm, t`rutmam
cmpmt a`an`rkhmf p`amemamf t`ftmfl msuemf h`p`rmwmtmf akjpkm.

>2

CMDSM^ YPRSMHM

Yr
Yrmt
mtkw
kwk,
k, R`ovk
R`ovkrm
rm.. >9>9.
>9>9. Eunuflmf Mftmrm Omam Mhtkvktms A`okemt Gmrmh C`hmt C`flmf
Yrjlr`skdktms Akjpkm Ymcm Mfmh Pskm <-=5 Smeuf. Pfc`
Pfc`rlr
rlrmcum
mcumt`
t` (R=)
(R=) te`sk
te`sks,
s,
Pfkv`rsktms Auemaamckyme Amomfl.
Yrkamckmfk, Kf`z Remrdkfm cmf Dkdkf Outedkm ^meak. >9=<. Dmhtjr-Dmhtjr [mfl A`ap`flmruek
Yrjlr`skvktms Akjpkm Ymcm Amemskswm H`cjht`rmf. Gurfm
Gurfmoo H`cjht`rmf
H`cjht`rmf Ckpjf`ljrj.
Ckpjf`ljrj.
Tjoua` 4, Fjajr 37=090-=0=<.
Ska Yjhgm RCHK CYY YYFK (>9=<). Rtmfcmr
Rtmfcmr Ckmlfjsm
Ckmlfjsm H`p`rmwmtmf
H`p`rmwmtmf Kfcjf`skm
Kfcjf`skm 7 C`dkf
C`dkfksk
ksk cmf
Kfckhmtjr Ckmlfjstkh, @cksk =. Gmhmrtm 7 CYY YYFK
Ska Yjhgm RKHK CYY YYFK (>9=5). Rtmfcmr Kft`rv`fsk H`p`rmwmtmf Kfcjf`skm 7 C`dkfksk cmf
 Skfcmhmf H`p`rmwmtmf, @cksk =. Gmhmrtm 7 CYY YYFK
Ska Yjhgm ROHK CYY YYFK (>9=;). Rtmfcmr Oumrmf H`p`rmwmtmf Kfcjf`skm 7 C`dkfksk cmf
Hrkt`rkm Emsko H`p`rmwmtmf, @cksk =. Gmhmrtm 7 CYY YYFK

>3