A@O@C@J
–Rmvlt`cls`sl Ymitdr Vrlamr (Vmrt`kl`k nl Lkndkmsl`)‑
A`t` Oucl`j 7 Vmrmodkdal`k Lkndkmsl`
 Ndsmk Vmkh`apu 7 Iut Mral`tl Y.M., A.Yl

Nlsusuk dcmj

Omcdapdo 2

0. A. @gl K`ue`c A`“rue (8089=066>9)

2. Lsa` Vutrl I
I``jy` Y
Y``r`hlj (8089=0669=)
9. Ojdlruk Kls` Cubls (8089=066>0)
>. Rmt`ko` Ymablrlkh (8089206696)

A@K@GMAMK
E@O]C^@Y MODKDAL
]KLUMRYL^@Y KMHMRL AMN@K
2626
 

O@^@ VMKH@K^@R 

Vugl syuour olt` p`kg`to`k omj`nlr`t @cc`j YX^ y`kh A`j` Vmkh`slj c`hl
A`j`` Vmky`y
A`j Vmky`y`kh
`kh,, o`rmk`
o`rmk` bmro`t
bmro`t r`ja`n
r`ja`n n`k jln``y
jln``y`j-K
`j-Ky`
y` smjlkh
smjlkhh`
h` o`al
o`al n`p`t
n`p`t
amkymc
amkymcms`l
ms`lo`k
o`k tuh`s
tuh`s tmp`t
tmp`t p`n`
p`n` w`otuk
w`otuky`.
y`. ^uh`s
^uh`s a`o`c`j
a`o`c`j omcdap
omcdapdo
do 2 tmkt`k
tmkt`kh
h
–Rmvlt
–Rmvlt`cl
`cls`sl
s`sl Ymitdr
Ymitdr Vrlamr
Vrlamr (Vmrt`
(Vmrt`kl`
kl`k
k nl Lkndkm
Lkndkmsl`
sl`)‑
)‑  bmrtugu`k uktuo amamkujl
s`c`j s`tu tuh`s a`t` oucl`j Vmrmodkdal`k Lkndkmsl` n`rl Lbu Iut Mral`tl Y.M., A.Yl.

O`al amky`n`rl b`jw` n`c`a pmkyusuk`k tuh`s lkl a`slj b`ky`o tmrn`p`t
omour`kh`k n`k g`uj n`rl omsmapurk``k. Dcmj o`rmk` ltu, o`al amkmrla` orltlo`k
smrt`` s`r`k
smrt s`r`k y`kh
y`kh amab`k
amab`khuk
huk huk`
huk` amkyma
amkymapur
purk`o
k`o`k
`k tuh`s
tuh`s lkl n`k n`p`t
n`p`t amkg`n
amkg`nll
`iu`k n`c`a amkyusuk tuh`s-tuh`s smc`kgutky`.

Vmku
Vmkucl
clss gu
guh`
h` amad
amadjd
jdk
k a``e
a``e `p
`p`b
`blc
lc`` n`
n`c`
c`a
a pm
pmku
kucl
cls`k
s`k tu
tuh`
h`ss lk
lkll tm
tmrn
rn`p
`p`t
`t
oms`c`
oms`c`j`k
j`k pmkhmt
pmkhmtlo`
lo`k
k n`k omomcl
omomclru`
ru`k
k smjlkh
smjlkhh`
h` amablk
amablkhuk
hukho`
ho`k
k pmab`i
pmab`i`` n`c`a
n`c`a
ama`j`al a`osun pmkucls.

  Amn`k, 60 Dotdbmr 2626

  Omcdapdo 2
 

B@B L

VMKN@J]C]@K

0.0 C`t`r Bmc`o`kh

Ymot
Ymotdr
dr pm
pmrt
rt`k
`kl`
l`k
k amru
amrup`
p`o`
o`k
k smotd
smotdrr y`
y`kh
kh amkn
amkn`p
`p`t
`t pm
pmrj
rj`t
`tl`
l`k
k iu
iuou
oup
p
 bms`r n`rl pmamrlkt`j nlo`rmk`o`k pmr`k`ky` y`kh s`kh`t pmktlkh n`c`a r`kho`
r`kho`
 pmab`khuk`k modkdal
modkdal g`kho` p`kg`kh a`upuk n`c`a r`kho` pmauclj`k modkdal
 b`khs`. Nl b`ky`o kmh`r` ojususky` kmh`r`- kmh`r` smn`kh
sm n`kh bmromab`kh (KYB) tln`o 
tmromiu`cl Lkndkmsl`, pmrt`kl`k jlkhh` s``t lkl a`slj amkg`nl smotdr modkdal y`kh
ndalk`k smb`h`l suabmr omsmap`t`k omrg` n`k pmkn`p`t`k.
pmkn`p`t`k. Vmrt`kl`k n`c`a `rtl cu`s
amclputl
amclputl smotdr pmrt`kl`k,
pmrt`kl`k, pmrlo`k`k,
pmrlo`k`k, pmrtmrk`o`k,
pmrtmrk`o`k, pmrombuk`k
pmrombuk`k n`k jdctloutu
jdctloutur`.
r`.
Vmab`khuk`k smotdr pmrt`kl`k bmrtugu`k uktuo pmamkuj`k p`kh`k n`k hlzl smrt`
amk`ab`j pmkn`p`t`k (omsmg`jtmr``k) a`sy`r`o`t.

Amkurut n`t` rmsal n`rl B`n`k Vus`t Yt`tlstlo (BVY), w`c`upuk prdsms
urb`
urb`kl
kls`
s`sl
sl n`k
n`k lknu
lknust
strl
rl`c
`cls
ls`s
`sll nl Lk
Lknd
ndkm
kmsl
sl`` sm
sma`
a`ol
olk
k pm
pms`
s`t,
t, sm
smb`
b`hl
hl`k
`k bm
bms`
s`r 
r 
 pmknunuo a`slj tlkhh`c nl pmrnms``k, n`k smb`hl`k bms`r n`rl amrmo` bmomrg` nl
 pmrt`kl`k. Ymc`lk ltu, omt`j`k`k p`kh`k, ojususky` b`j`k-b`j`k a`o`k`k pdodo 
smpmrt
smpmrtll bmr`s,
bmr`s, nmkh`k
nmkh`k pmknun
pmknunuo
uo bmrgua
bmrguac`j
c`j cmblj
cmblj n`rl
n`rl 266 gut`
gut` dr`kh
dr`kh
smpmkujky` tmrh`ktukh p`n` ombmr`n``k `t`u pmromab`kh`k n`rl smotdr pmrt`kl`k.

Y`kh`t pmktlkhky` smotdr pmrt`kl`k nl Lkndkmsl` tmrut`a` uktuo amkiuoupl

ombutuj`k p`kh`k b`hl cmblj n`rl 266 gut` cmblj j`rh` Lkndkmsl` n`k suabmr 
 pmkn`p`t`k b`hl smb`hl`k bms`r pmknunuo ojususky`
ojususky` nl pmrnms``k s`kh`t nlp`j`al
dcmj Vmamrlkt`j Lkndkmsl` smg`tmr` & drnm b`ru. Bmrb`h`l omblg`o`k pmrt`kl`k `kt`r`
c`lk rmvdcusl jlg`u , pmabmktuo`k cmab`h` ojusus uktuo amkh`tur st`blclt`s j`rh`
(B]CDH) jlkhh` rmvlt`cls`sl Vmrt`kl`k p`n` a`s` pmamrlkt`j`k YB\. Y`y`kh ky`
omblg`
omblg`o`k
o`k-om
-omblg
blg`o`
`o`k
k tmrsmbu
tmrsmbutt bmcua
bmcua a`apu
a`apu amkndr
amkndrdkh
dkh pma
pmab`k
b`khuk
huk`k
`k
smotdr pmrt`kl`k smi`r` dptla`c. ^mrbuotl nmkh`k `n`ky` lapdr ombutuj`k p`kh`k
y`kh nlc`ouo`k Lkndkmsl` huk` amamkujl ombutuj`k p`kh`k smcuruj r`oy`t Lkndkmsl`.
Amky`n`rl `o`k pmktlkhky` pmab`khuk`k smotdr pmrt`kl`k n`c`a pmrmodkdal`k a`o`
n`c`a a`o`c`j lkl `o`k nlb`j`s pmab`khuk`k smotdr pmrt`kl`k nl Lkndkmsl`.
 

0.2 Ruaus`k A`s`c`j

0. @p` ltu Rmvlt`cls`sl Ymotdr Vrlamr4

2. B`h`la`k` pmr`k smotdr pmrt`kl`k n`c`a pmrmodkdal`k 4

9. B`h`la`k` pmktlkhky` rmvlt`cls`sl pmrt`kl`k4

>. B`h`la`k` odksmp omt`j`k`k p`kh`k nl Lkndkmsl`

L kndkmsl` 4

=. B`h`la`k` omblg`o`k pmrt`kl`k y`kh nltmr`po`k 4

0.9 ^ugu`k

0. ]ktuo amkhmt`jul pmr`k smotdr pmrt`kl`k nl n`c`a modkdal

2. ]ktuo amkhmt`jul pmromab`kh`k smotdr pmrt`kl`k nl Lkndkmsl`

9. ]ktuo amkhmtmjul odksmp omt`j`k`k p`kh`k nl Lkndkmsl`

>. ]ktuo amkhmt`jul omblg`o`k pmrt`kl`k y`kh nltmr`po`k nl Lkndkmsl`

 

B@B LL

VMAB@J@Y@K

2.0 Rmvlt`cls`sl Ymotdr Vrlamr ( Vmrt`kl`k nl Lkndkmsl`)

Rmvlt`cls`sl `n`c`j su`tu prdsms `t`u pmrbu`t`k uktuo amkhjlnupo`k omab`cl
omab`cl
su`tu j`c y`kh sun`j tmrbmrn`y`, smjlkhh` rmvlt`cls`sl bmr`rtl amkg`nlo`k smsu`tu `t`u
 pmrbu`t`k uktuo amkg`nl vlt`c n`c`a c`kho`j smc`kgutky`. Rmvlt`cls`sl pmrt`kl`k
nmkh`k tugu`k uktuo amklkho`to`k omsmg`jtmr``k pmt`kl turur amkyuab`kh tmrj`n`p
 pmrtuabuj`k prdnuo ndamstlo brutd (VNB), mospdr kdk alh`s, smrt` pmkymr`p`k
tmk`h` omrg` k`sldk`c.
N`c`a t`juk 2668 `n` > (map`t) edous omblg`o`k rmvlt`cls`sl n`c`a omblg`o`k
 pmrt`kl`k y`ltu 7
(0) Omt`j`k`k p`kh`k k`sldk`c.
(2) Vmklkho`t`k ou`clt`s pmrtuabuj`k prdnuosl pmrt`kl`k.
(9) Vmkhmab`kh`k nlvmrslelo`sl modkdal n`k lker`struotur pmrnms``k.
(>) Vmkhmab`kh`k suabmr n`y` `c`a smb`h`l suabmr mkmrhl bmromc`kgut`k y`kh
tmrb`ruo`k (rmkmw`bcm mkmrhy).
2.0.0 Vmra`s`c`j`k y`kh nlj`n`pl uktuo rmvlt`cls`sl pmrt`kl`k
Vmra`s`c`j`k y`kh nlj`n`pl n`c`a pmrt`kl`k 7
(0) A`slj rmkt`kky` prdnuosl
prdnuosl p`nl smb`h`l `olb`t b`ky`oky`
b`ky`oky` bmki`k` b`kglr
b`kglr n`k
t`k`j cdkhsdr y`kh tmrg`nl p`n` t`juk 2665.
(2) Rmkn`jky` tlkho`t
tlkho`t prdnuotlvlt`s
prdnuotlvlt`s n`k ou`clt`s j`slc pmrombuk`k
pmrombuk`k n`k
jdrtlouctur` amsolpuk cu`s c`j`k tmrus bmrt`ab`j o`rmk` `n`ky` lkvmst`sl.
(9) Ylstma pmkyucuj`k y`kh bmcua bmreukhsl pmkuj nl n`mr`j-n`mr`j y`kh a`slj
 pmrcu tmrus nlpmrou`t uktuo n`p`t amapmrc`ki`r nlsmalk`sl n`k pmkmr`p`k
tmokdcdhl prdnuosl, tmokdcdhl pmkhdc`j`k, n`k pmklkho`t`k autu j`slc.
(>) Amkhdptla`cls`sl n`k rmj`blclt`sl c`j`k smrt` g`rlkh`k lrlh`sl, g`c`k nms`, n`k
n`k
 g`c`k us`j` t`kl y`kh a`slj amamrcuo`k p`rtlslp`sl a`sy`r`o`t.
2.0.2 Omblg`o`k n`k j`slc-j`slc y`kh nli`p`l
N`c`a r`kho` amkh`t`sl a`s`c`j omtmrb`t`s`k suabmr n`y` c`j`k, up`y` y`kh
nlc`ouo`k
nlc`ouo`k `n`c`j bmrup`
bmrup` pmrcu`s`k
pmrcu`s`k s`w`j/c`j`k pmrt`kl`k
pmrt`kl`k b`ru, ojususky`
ojususky` nl cu`r 
 

G`w`.
G`w`. Huk`
Huk` amkhmk
amkhmkn`c
n`clo`
lo`k
k `clj eukhsl
eukhsl c`j`k
c`j`k nlc`ou
nlc`ouo`k
o`k pmklkh
pmklkho`t
o`t`k
`k oddrnl
oddrnlk`s
k`sll
nmkh`k lkst`ksl tmro`lt n`k pmamrlkt`j n`mr`j. C`kho`j lkl nlc`ouo`k smlrlkh nmkh`k
up`y` pmklkho`t`k prdnuotlvlt`s n`k ou`clt`s j`slc smjlkhh` us`j` pmrt`kl`k, tmrut`a`

 p`nl `o`k amabmrlo`k pmkn`p`t`k n`k omuktukh`k y`kh amkiuoupl ombutuj`k jlnup
rua`j t`khh` pmt`kl.
2.2 Vmr`k Ymotdr Vmrt`kl`k n`c`a Vmrmodkdal`k
2.2.
2.2.0
0 Vmkh
Vmkhmr
mrtl
tl`k
`k n`k
n`k Ru`
Ru`kh
kh Clk
Clkho
houp
up
Ymotdr pmrt`kl`k y`kh nla`osun n`c`a odksmp pmkn`p`t`k k`sldk`c amkurut
c`p`kh`k us`j` `t`u smotdr prdnuosl l`c`j pmrt`kl`k n`c`a `rtl cu`s. Nl Lkndkmsl`,
smotdr pmrt`kl`k n`c`a `rtl cu`s lkl nlplc`j-plc`j amkg`nl mk`a subsmotdr y`ltu 7
0) Yubsmotdr ^`k`a`k,
^`k`a`k, V`kh`k smrlkh nlsmbut guh` subsmotdr pmrt`kl`k r`oy`t.
Yubsmotdr lkl amki`oup p`nl, g`hukh, omnmc`l, o`i`kh t`k`j, o`i`kh jlg`u, ubl

o`yu n`k ubl g`c`r.

2) Yubsmotdr Jdrtlouctur`,
Jdrtlouctur`, nlhuk`o`k p`n` gmkls t`k`a`k y`kh nlbunln`y`o`k.
Jdrtlo
Jdrtlouct
uctur`
ur` amrup`
amrup`o`k
o`k s`c`j
s`c`j s`tu amtdnm
amtdnm bunln`
bunln`y`
y` pmrt`k
pmrt`kl`k
l`k adnmrk
adnmrk..
Odadnlt`s
Odadnlt`s jdrtlouctu
jdrtlouctur`
r` amki`khou
amki`khoup
p t`k`a`k
t`k`a`k bu`j-bu`j`
bu`j-bu`j`k,
k, t`k`a`k
t`k`a`k s`yur-
s`yur`
s`yur`k,
k, t`k`a`
t`k`a`k
k jl`s,
jl`s, t`k`a`
t`k`a`k
k b`j`k
b`j`k db`t
db`t tmra`su
tmra`suo
o nl n`c`ak
n`c`aky`
y` g`aur,
g`aur,
cuaut n`k t`k`a`k `lr y`kh amapuky`l eukhsl s`yur`k, b`j`k db`t k`b`tl, n`k
mstmtlo` nlomk`c smb`h`l t`k`a`k jdrtlouctur`.

9) Yubsm
Yubsmotdr
otdr Vmrombuk`k
Vmrombuk`k,, nlbmn`
nlbmn`o`k
o`k `t`s
`t`s pmromb
pmrombuk
uk`k
`k r`oy`t
r`oy`t n`k pmromb
pmrombuk`
uk`k
k
 bms`r. \`kh nla`osun nmkh`k pmrombuk`k r`oy`t l`c`j pmrombuk`k
y`khnlus`j
y`khnlus`j`o`k
`o`k smknlrl dcmj r`oy`t `t`u a`sy`r`o`t, bl`s`ky` n`c`a so`c`
omilc-omilc`k n`k nmkh`k tmokdcdhl y`kh smnmrj`k`. @n`puk y`kh nla`osun
nmkh`k pmrombuk`k bms`r l`c`j smau` omhl`t`k pmrombuk`k y`kh nlg`c`ko`k
dcmj pmrus`j``k-pmrus`j``k pmrombuk`k bmrb`n`k juoua. Odadnlt`s ut`a`
n`rl subsmotdr pmrombuk`k `kt`r` c`lk o`rmt, omc`p` s`wlt, odpl, omc`p`, o`o`d,
 g`abu amtm, c`n`, imkhomj, tmj , tmbu, o`p`s
o`p`s , tmab`o`u, klc`a.

>) Yubsmotdr Omjut`k`k,

Omjut`k`k, tmrnlrl `t`s tlh` a`i`a omhl`t`k y`ltu pmkmb`kh`k o`yu,
 pmkh`ablc`k j`slc jut`k c`lk n`k pmrburu`k. Omhl`t`k pmkmb`kh`k o`yu

amkh`jslco`k o`yu-o`yu hmcdkndkh`k, o`yu b`o`r, `r`kh n`k b`abu. J`slc

 

jut`k c`lk amclputl n`a`r, rdt`k, hmt`j o`yu, ouclt o`yu n`k ncc. Ymn`kho`k
omhl`t`k pmrburu`k amkhj`slco`k blk`t`kh-blk`t`kh cl`r tmra`suo guh` a`nu.

=) Yubsm
Yubsmotdr
otdr Vmtmrk`o`k
Vmtmrk`o`k,, amki
amki`k
`kho
houp
up om
omhl
hl`t
`t`k
`k bm
bmrt
rtmr
mrk`
k`o
o ltu
ltu sm
smkn
knlr
lrll n`
n`k
k
 pmkhus`j``k j`slc-j`slcky`. Yubsmotdr lkl amki`oup prdnuosl tmrk`o-tmrk`o 
 bms`r n`k omilc, tmcur, susu smh`r, wddc n`k j`slc pmadtdkh`k
pmadtdkh`k jmw`k.

5) Yubsmotdr Vmrlo`k`k,
Vmrlo`k`k, amclputl smau` j`slc omhl`t`k pmrlo`k`k c`ut, pmr`lr`k
uaua
uaua 7 odc`a,
odc`a, t`ab`o,
t`ab`o, s`w`j, omr`ab
omr`ab`` smrt`
smrt` pmkhd
pmkhdc`j
c`j`k
`k smnmrj
smnmrj`k`
`k` `t`s
 prdnuo-prdnuo pmrlo`k`k
pmrlo`k`k ( pmkhmrlkh`k n`k pmkh`slk`k)
2.2.2
2.2.2 Vmr`k
Vmr`k Ymotd
Ymotdrr Vmrt`
Vmrt`kl`
kl`k
k n`c`a
n`c`a Vmrmod
Vmrmodkda
kdal`k
l`k
O`r`otm
O`r`otmrls
rlstlo
tlo Lkndkm
Lkndkmsl`
sl` smb`h`
smb`h`ll kmh`r`
kmh`r` `hr`rl
`hr`rlss amkylr
amkylr`to
`to`k
`k b`j`k
b`j`k smotdr 
smotdr 
 pmrt`kl`k ama`lo`k pmr`k pmktlkh nl kmhmrl lkl. Lkndkmsl` amrup`o`k kmh`r`
ompu
ompuc`
c`u`
u`k
k nlju
nljukl
kl dcmj
dcmj pmkn
pmknun
unuo
uo y`kh
y`kh a`yd
a`ydrl
rlt`
t`ss tlkh
tlkhh`
h`cc nl
nlpm
pmrn
rnms
ms``
``k
k n`
n`k
k
amkhh`ktu
amkhh`ktukho`
kho`k
k jlnupky`
jlnupky` p`n` smotdr prlamr ojususky`
ojususky` pmrt`kl`k.
pmrt`kl`k. Vmr`k smotdr 
 pmrt`kl`k n`c`a pmrmodkdal`k smi`r` uaua `kt`r` c`lk 7
0 ) V m a b m k tu
t u o ` k Vr
Vr d n u o N d a m s t l o B r u t d ( V N B )
Bmrn`s`ro`k n`t` y`kh pmkucls pmrdcmj, subsmotdr pmrombuk`k amrup`o`k s`c`j
s`tu subsmot
subsmotdr
dr y`kh
y`kh amapuk
amapuky`l
y`l odktrl
odktrlbus
busll pmktlk
pmktlkh
h n`c`a
n`c`a j`c pmkilp
pmkilpt``k
t``k
klc`lt`ab
t`ab `j
`j y `kh
`kh tmrimr
tmrimralk
alk n `rl
`rl o dk
dk ttrlb
rlbuu slk
slk y`
y` tmrj
tmrj `n`p
`n`p p rdn
rdn u o  
ndamstlo brutd (VNB).

Odktrlbusl Ymotdr Vmrt`kl`k ^mrj`n`p VNB t`juk 2602-2605

(n`c`a pmrsmk)
Yubsmotdr Vmrt`kl`k 2602 2609 260> 260= 2605 R`t`-r`t`
^`k`a`k V`kh`k 9,== 9,>: 9,2= 9,>= 9,>2 9,>9
^`k`a`k Jdrtlouctur` 0,>= 0,>> 0,=2 0,=0 0,=0 0,><
^`k`a`k Vmrombuk`k 9,8= 9,8= 9,88 9,=0 9,>5 9,5=
Vmtmrk`o`k 0,=2 0,== 0,=: 0,56 0,52 0,=8
G`s` Vmrt`kl`k n`k Vmrburu`k 6,26 6,26 6,0< 6,26 6,26 6,26
Omjut`k`k n`k Vmkmb`kh`k O`yu 6,85 6,89 6,80 6,82 6,5< 6,82
Vmrlo`k`k 2,0> 2,20 2,92 2,=0 2,=5 2,9=
Vmrt`kl`k 09,98 09,95 09,9> 09,>< 09,>= 09,>6
Yuabmr 7 BVY, nldc`j

Y mc`a`
mc`a` p mrld
mrld nm
nm 2 60
60 2-2
2-2 60
60 5 o dk
dk trlb
trlbuu sl smotd
smotd r p mrt`k
mrt`kl`k
l`k tmrj
tmrj ``n
n `p V NB
imknmrukh bmrt`j`k p`n` `kho` 09%. Glo` nlclj`t subsmotdr nmkh`k r`t`-
 

r`t` odktrlbu
odktrlbusl
sl tmrbms`r
tmrbms`r nlpmrdcm
nlpmrdcmjj n`rl ^`k`a`k
^`k`a`k Vmrombuk
Vmrombuk`k
`k odktrlb
odktrlbusl
usl
smbms`
smb ms`rr 9 ,5
,5 =%,
=%, t`k`a`
t`k`a`k
k p `k
`k h`k
h`k smbms`
smbms`rr 9 ,>9
,>9 % n `k p mrlo
mrlo `k
`k `k smbms`
smbms`r 
r 
2,9 =%. Omau
Omaunl
nl`k
`k su
subs
bsmi
mitd
tdrr nm
nmkh
kh`k
`k od
odkt
ktrl
rlbu
busl
sl tmrmk
tmrmkn`
n`j
j tm
tmrj
rj`n
`n`p
`p VNB
VNB y`
y`lt
ltu
u

subsmitdr
subsmitdr g`s`
g`s` pmrt`k
pmrt`kl`k
l`k n`k pmrbur
pmrburu`k
u`k nmkh`k
nmkh`k odktrl
odktrlbus
busll smbms`r
smbms`r 6,26%.
6,26%. V`n`
V`n`
uauaky`, tl`p subsmitdr amalclol odktrlbusl y`kh j`apmr s`a` n`rl t`juk om t`juk,
smjlkhh` odktrlbusl tmrbms`r n`k tmromilc imknmrukh `o`k smc`cu p`n` subsmitdr y`kh
s`a`. Nmkh`k odktrlbuslky` y`kh p`clkh bms`r, pmrtuabuj`k p`n` subsmitdr t`k`a`k
 pmrombuk`k amalclol lknmlo`sl `n`ky` jubukh`k y`kh ou`t nmkh`k pmrtuabuj`k
modkdal.
2) Y`c`j
Y`c`j s`tu
s`tu suabmr
suabmr pmkhj
pmkhj`slc
`slc`k
`k nmvls`
nmvls`
Odks
Odkstr
trlb
lbus
usll smotd
smotdrr pm
pmrt`
rt`kl
kl`k
`k tmrj
tmrj`n
`n`p
`p pm
pmkl
klkh
kho`
o`t`k
t`k nm
nmvl
vls`
s` `n
`n`c`
`c`j
j cmw`t
cmw`t
nu
nu`` g`cu
g`cur,
r, y`
y`ok
okll  pmrt`a`,
 pmrt`a`,   amc`cul
amc`cul pmklkho`t`
pmklkho`t`k
k mospdr
mospdr n`k 
n`k  omnu`,
omnu`, amc`c
`cu
ul

 pmkhur`kh`k tlkho`t omtmrh`ktukh`k kmh`r` tmrsmbut tmrj`n`p lapdr odadnltl

 pmrt`kl`k. Yy`r`tky` tmktu pmrt`kl`k Lkndkmsl` j`rus bls` amkhj`slco`k dutput
nmkh`k
nmkh`k n`y`
n`y` s`lkh
s`lkh cmblj
cmblj b`lo
b`lo n`rlp`
n`rlp`n`
n` odadnl
odadnlt`s
t`s pmrt`k
pmrt`kl`k
l`k n`rl
n`rl kmh`r`-
kmh`r`-
kmh`r` prdnusmk c`lkky`.

9) Vmkymnl`
Vmkymnl` p`kh`k
p`kh`k pmknunuo
pmknunuo n`k b`j`k
b`j`k b`ou Lknustrl
Lknustrl
Vmr`k`k
Vmr`k`k oc`slo
oc`slo n`rl
n`rl smotdr
smotdr pmrt`k
pmrt`kl`k
l`k n`c`a
n`c`a pmrmod
pmrmodkda
kdal`k
l`k k`sldk
k`sldk`c
`c `n`c`j
`n`c`j
 pmkymnl``k b`j`k p`kh`k b`hl pmknunuo Lkndkmsl` y`kh s``t lkl sun`j
 bmrguac`j 226 gut` glw`. Nmkh`k pmr`k`k pmrt`kl`k smb`h`l pmkymnl` b`j`k
 p`kh`k y`kh rmc`tle aur`j, tmc`j amaukholko`k bl`y` jlnup nl Lkndkmsl`
tmrhdcdkh rmkn`j nl nukl`. Ombmrj`slc`k n`c`a pmkymnl``k b`j`k p`kh`k y`kh
iuoup n`k st`blc amalclol pmr`k y`kh bms`r n`c`a
 p m k i l p t ` ` k o m t ` j ` k ` k p`kh`k k`sldk`c (eddn smiurlty) y`kh o`lt`kky`
nmkh`k st`blclt`s sdsl`c, mo
odd kd
kd al
al , n ``k
k p dc
dc lt
l t lo
lo . N `c
`c ``a
a p rrd
d ssmm s
l kn
kn us
us tr
t r l`
l ` cl
cl s`
s ` ssll , p mmrr tt`` k
kll `k
`k g uh
uh ` b mmrr p
pmm r`
r` k n`c `a ama prd nuo sl
 b ` j ` k b ` o u b ` h l l k n u s t r l - l k n u s t r l b m r b ` s l s p m r t ` k l ` k smpmrtl 7
lknustrl alky`o omc`p` s`wlt, lknustrl b`k dtdadtle, lknustrl a`o`k`k n`k ncc.

>) A m k y m n l ` o ` k c ` p ` k h ` k p m o m r g ` ` k
 

Ymb`h`la`k` nltmr`kho`k nl auo`, smotdr pmrt`kl`k amalclol pmr`k

 pm kt lk h n`c`a amkymr`p tmk`h` omrg`. Nl t`juk 0<<> s`g` (BVY, 0<<5) >5%
n`rl :2 gut` glw` `kho`t`k omrg` p`n` t`juk ltu nlsmr`p dcmj subsmotdr pmrt`kl`k

 prlamr.
=) Amksmg
Amksmg`j`jtm
tmr`o
r`o`k
`k pmt`
pmt`kl
kl

Ymot
Ymotdr
dr pm
pmrt
rt`k
`kl`
l`k
k amru
amrup`
p`o`
o`k
k su
suab
abmr
mr ut
ut`a
`a`` om
omjl
jlnu
nup`
p`k
k n`
n`k
k pm
pmkn
kn`p
`p`t
`t`k
`k
a`sy`r`o`t pmt`kl. Amksmg`jtmr`o`k nl slkl amkh`knukh `rtl cu`s smjlkhh`
amkuabuj omab`kho`k p`rtlslp`sl pmt`kl n`k a`apu amklkho`to`k om`n``k
sd
sdsl
sl`c
`c mo
modk
dkda
dall pm
pmt`
t`kl
kl amc`
amc`cu
cull pm
pmkl
klkh
kho`
o`t`
t`k
k `o
`osm
smss tmrj`
tmrj`n`
n`p
p tm
tmok
okdc
dcdh
dhl,
l,
adn`c,n`k p`s`r.
5) Ymb`h`l w`j`k` pmamr`t``k pmab`khuk`k uktuo amkh`t`sl
omsmkg`kh`k pmkn`p`t`k `kt`r a`sy`r`o`t a`upuk omsmkg`kh`k `kt`r wlc`y`j.

Ymb`h`l
Ymb` h`l idktdj,
idktdj, amkhlkh`
amkhlkh`tt pmab`khu
pmab`khuk`k
k`k bms`r-bms
bms`r-bms`r`k
`r`k tmrg`nl
tmrg`nl nl
 pm r od t `` k `n`puk a`sy`r`o`t a`ydrlt`s bmrndalslcl nl pmnm``k y`kh
amrup`
amrup`o`k
o`k suabmr
suabmr smotdr
smotdr pmrt`k
pmrt`kl`k
l`k.. A`o`
A`o` pmab`k
pmab`khuk
huk`k
`k pmrt`k
pmrt`kl`k
l`k j`rus
j`rus

nlnuoukh dcmj  pmab`khuk`k
pmab`khuk`k wlc`y`j b`lo pmab`khuk`k lker`struotur
lker`s truotur a`upuk
 pmab`khuk`k sdsl`c modkdal oma`sy`r`o`t`k.
oma`sy`r`o`t`k.

2.9 Vmktlkhky` Rmvlt`cls`sl Vmrt`kl`k

Rmvlt`cls`sl pmrt`kl`k sun`j = t`juk c`cu nli`k`kho`k, tmp`tky` 00 Gukl 266=,
nl G`tl
G`tl cuju
cujur,
r, G`
G`w`
w` B`r`
B`r`t,
t, dcmj
dcmj Vr
Vrms
msln
lnmk
mk Yusl
Yuslcd
cd B`ab
B`ab`k
`kh
h \unj
\unjdy
dydk
dkd,
d, tm
tmt`
t`pl
pl

omky`t``kky` smdc`j’dc`j rmvlt`cls`sl pmrt`kl`k buo`k amkg`nl prldrlt`s `t`u j`ky`

smom
smomn`
n`rr g`rh
g`rhdk
dk pm
pmam
amrl
rlkt
kt`j
`j,, p`
p`n`
n`j`
j`cc om
ombm
bmr`
r`n`
n``k
`k rmvlt
rmvlt`cl
`cls`s
s`sll pm
pmrt`
rt`kl
kl`k
`k s`
s`kh
kh`t
`t
nlj`r`p`o`k
nlj`r`p`o`k n`k nlk`ktl-k`tl
nlk`ktl-k`tl pmc`os`k``k
pmc`os`k``k dcmj a`sy`r`o`t
a`sy`r`o`t Lkndkmsl`.
Lkndkmsl`. Rmvlt`cls`sl
Rmvlt`cls`sl
 pmrt`kl`k amkh`knukh `rtl smb`h`l oms`n`r`k uktuo amkmap`to`k omab`cl `rtl
 pmktlkh smotdr pmrt`kl`k smi`r` prdpdrsldk`c n`k odktmostu`c, n`c`a `rtl amkymh`ro`k
omab`cl vlt`clt`s, amabmrn`y`o`k oma`apu`k n`k amklkho`to`k olkmrg` pmrt`kl`k
n`c`a pmab`khuk`k k`sldk`c nmkh`k tln`o amkh`b`lo`k smotdr c`lk (Omat`k, 266=).

Rmvlt`cls`sl buo`k nla`osuno`k amab`khuk pmrt`kl`k `t `cc idst nmkh`k i`r`-

i`r` y`kh tdp-ndwk smktr`clstlo? buo`k puc` drlmkt`sl prdymo uktuo amkhh`c`kh n`k`,
 

tmt`pl rmvlt`cls`sl `n`c`j amkhh`c`kh odaltamk n`k omrg`s`a` smcuruj st`omjdcnmr 

n`k amkhub`j p`r`nlha` pdc` plolr a`sy`r`o`t amclj`t pmrt`kl`k tln`o j`ky` urus`k
 bmridido t`k`a y`kh smomn`r j`ky` amkhj`slco`k
amkhj`slco`k odadnlt`s uktuo nlodk
nlodksuasl.
suasl.

Rmvlt`
Rmvlt`cls
cls`sl
`sl pmrt`k
pmrt`kl`k
l`k blc`
blc` nltmrg
nltmrgma`j
ma`jo`k
o`k smi`r`
smi`r` smnmrj
smnmrj`k`
`k` `n`c`j
`n`c`j smbu`j
smbu`j
 prdsms –hlvlkh ` kmw clem‑, ojususky` omcu`rh` bms`r
bms `r pmrt`kl``k uktuo ama`rt`b`to`k
nlrll smknlr
nlr smknlrl,
l, omcdap
omcdapdo
do `t`u h`bukh
h`bukh`k
`k omcdap
omcdapdo
do t`klky
t`klky`,
`, pmblsk
pmblskls,
ls, omcmab
omcmab`h`
`h``k
`k
 pmrt`kl`k n`k omcmab`h``k t`klky`, `h`r tmrwugun omsmg`jtmr``k o`ua t`kl y`kh
sma`olk b`lo bmrou`clt`s c`hl.

Rmvlt`cls`sl pmrt`kl`k amapuky`l s`s`r`k y`kh jmkn`o nli`p`l7

(0) Vmklkho`t`k omsmg`jtmr``k n`k pmkhmkt`s`k omalsolk`k,

(2) Vmrcu`s`k omsmap`t`k omrg` n`k bmrus`j`,
(9) Omt`j`k`k p`kh`k,
(>) Vmklkho`t`k n`y` s`lkh pmrt`kl`k,
(=) Vmcmst`rl`k suabmr n`y` `c`a n`k clkhoukh`k,
(5) Amkg`clk altr` nmkh`k a`sy`r`o`t n`k pmkhus`j` smb`h`l lkvmstdr,
(8) Vmab`khuk`k n`mr`j.
Omtu
Omtugu
guj
j s`s`
s`s`r`k
r`k tmrsm
tmrsmbu
butt p`
p`n`
n` n`
n`s`
s`rk
rky`
y` n`
n`p`
p`tt nl
nls`r
s`rlo
lo`k
`k smb`h
smb`h`l
`l up
up`y
`y`` uk
uktu
tuo 
o 
amkhur`kh
amkhur`khll omalsolk`k,
omalsolk`k, amklkho`to
amklkho`to`k
`k pmkn`p`t`k
pmkn`p`t`k,, amkg`alk
amkg`alk omt`j`k`k
omt`j`k`k p`kh`k
p`kh`k
k`sldk`c, smrt` amkhodksmrv`sl, amrmj`blclt`sl, n`k amcmst`rlo`k suabmr n`y` `c`a.

2.9.
2.9.0
0 Ytr`
Ytr`tm
tmhl
hl Rmvl
Rmvlt`
t`cl
cls`
s`sl
sl
2.9.0.0 Ytr`tmhl n`k Omblg`o`k Vmab`khuk`k
Vmab`khuk`k Omt`j`k`k V`kh`k
Ombl
Omblg`
g`o`
o`k
k om
omt`
t`j`
j`k
k p`
p`kh
kh`k
`k nl Lk
Lknd
ndkm
kmsl`
sl` nl
nlom
omcd
cdap
apdo
doo`
o`k
k amkg
amkg`n
`nll tlh`
tlh`
amkurut g`kho` w`otu lapcmamkt`slky`, y`ltu 9 7
0) Omblg`
Omblg`o`k
o`k g`kho`
g`kho` pmknmo
pmknmo
Omblg`
Omblg`o`k
o`k y`kh
y`kh nltmap
nltmapuj
uj n`c`a
n`c`a g`kho`
g`kho` pmknmo
pmknmo `n`c`j
`n`c`j amabmr
amabmrc`o
c`ouo
uo`k
`k
omblg`o`k st`blcls`sl j`rh` b`j`k p`kh`k pdodo.
2) Omblg`
Omblg`o`k
o`k g`kho`
g`kho` amkmkh
amkmkh`j
`j
Ymc`a` g`kho` amkmkh`j
amkmkh`j pmamrlkt`j
pmamrlkt`j amk`rhmto`k
amk`rhmto`k tmri`p`lky`
tmri`p`lky` sw`smb`n`
sw`smb`n`

 p`kh`k p`n` cla` odadnlt`s str`tmhls y`okl 9 p`nl, g`hukh, omnmc`l , huc`, s`pl
 

 pdtdkh. Yw`smab`n` p`n` odadnlt`s p`nl amrup`o`k sw`smab`n` y`kh

sle`tky` bmromc`kgut`k.
9) Ombl
Omblg`
g`o`
o`k
k g`kho
g`kho`` p`kg`
p`kg`kh
kh

Omblg`o`k y`kh nlc`ouo`k n`c`a g`kho` amkmkh`j n`k g`kho` p`kg`kh smi`r`
 bmrturut-turut `n`c`j amapmrimp`t pmki`p`l`k sw`smab`n` odadnlt`s p`kh`k
str`tmhls n`k pmrimp`t`k nmvmrslelo`sl p`kh`k.

2.9.0.2 Ytr`tmhl n`k Omblg`o`k Vmabl`y``k Vmrt`kl`k

Ytr`tmhl y`kh nltmapuj n`c`a r`kho` amkhmab`kho`k pmabl`y``k pmrt`kl`k

`n`c`j smb`h`l bmrlout 7

0) Amky
Amkyma
mapu
purk
rk`o
`o`k
`k ombl
omblg`
g`os
os`k
`k``
``k
k pmab
pmabl`
l`y`
y``k
`k y`kh
y`kh `n
`n`` sm
smjl
jlkh
khh`
h` n`
n`p`
p`tt
amklkh
amklkho`t
o`to`k
o`k `osmslb
`osmslblcl
lclt`s
t`s pmt`kl
pmt`kl n`k pmc`ou
pmc`ou `hrlbl
`hrlblskl
sklss tmrj`n
tmrj`n`p
`p suabmr 
suabmr 
 pmabl`y``k.
2) Amkhma
Amkhmab`k
b`kho`
ho`k
k pdc`
pdc` subsln
subslnll bukh`
bukh` ormnlt
ormnlt `h`r
`h`r ormnlt
ormnlt pmrb`ko`
pmrb`ko`k
k tmrg`k
tmrg`kho`
ho`u
u
dcmj pmt`kl omilc nl pmnms``k.
9) Amkhmab`kho
Amkhmab`kho`k
`k pdc` pmkg`al
pmkg`alk`k
k`k ormnlt
ormnlt n`k pdc` pmkn`a
pmkn`aplkh
plkh`k
`k b`hl ]AOA
]AOA
`hrlblskls.
>) Amkhmab`kho
Amkhmab`kho`k
`k pmabl`y``k
pmabl`y``k pdc`
pdc` b`hl j`slc/sy`rl`
j`slc/sy`rl`j
j uktuo pmabl`y
pmabl`y``k
``k smotdr 
smotdr 
 pmrt`kl`k.
=) Amkhmab`kho
Amkhmab`kho`k
`k cmab`h`
cmab`h` omu`kh`k
omu`kh`k ojusus
ojusus pmrt`kl`k
pmrt`kl`k n`k cmab`h`
cmab`h` omu`kh`k
omu`kh`k
alord (COA) pmnms``k uktuo pmabl`y``k ]AOA `hrlblskls.
5) Amkhma
Amkhmab`k
b`kho`
ho`k
k sola
sola ormnlt
ormnlt y`kh tmrsmnl`
tmrsmnl` amkg`n
amkg`nll sola
sola ormnlt
ormnlt `hrlbls
`hrlblskls
kls
y`kh aun`j nl`osms dcmj pmt`kl.
8) Amksdsl`cls`s
Amksdsl`cls`slo`k
lo`k suabmr-s
suabmr-suabmr
uabmr pmabl`y``k
pmabl`y``k y`kh
y`kh tmc`j
tmc`j `n`.
`n`.
:) Amklkho`to`
Amklkho`to`k
k omrg` s`a` nmkh`k
nmkh`k cmab`h`
cmab`h` omu`kh`k
omu`kh`k n`k kmh`r`
kmh`r` ndkdr
ndkdr nl cu`r 
cu`r 
kmhmrl uktuo pmkhmab`kh`k pmabl`y``k `hrlblskls.
<) Amklkh
Amklkho`t
o`to`k
o`k p`rtlsl
p`rtlslp`s
p`sl/a
l/adbl
dblcls
cls`sl
`sl n`k`
n`k` a`sy`r
a`sy`r`o`
`o`tt uktuo
uktuo pmkhma
pmkhmab`k
b`kh`k
h`k
`hrlblskls.
2.9.0.9 Ytr`tmhl n`k Omblg`o`k Vmkhmab`kh`k Mospdr Vrdnuo Vmrt`kl`k
 

^`rhmt mospdr odadnlt`s

odadnlt`s p`kh`k, pmrombuk`k,
pmrombuk`k, n`k pmrtmrk`o`k
pmrtmrk`o`k t`juk 266=
nlj`r`
nlj`r`po`
po`k
k n`pt
n`pt amki`p
amki`p`l
`l 8,5 alccl`r
alccl`r ndcc`r
ndcc`r @Y. Klc`l
Klc`l mospdr
mospdr nlj`r`p
nlj`r`po`k
o`k tuabuj
tuabuj
alkla`c =% pmr t`juk smjlkhh` p`n` t`juk 266< tdt`c mospdr amki`p`l 02 alcl`r 

ndcc`r @Y. Ytr`tmhl pmkhmab`kh`k mospdr y`kh pmrcu nltmapuj `n`c`j 7

0)  Amklkho`to`k n`y` s`lkh prdnuosl n`c`a kmhmrl amc`cul?

amc`cul? (0) Vmabmrn`y``k
 pmt`kl n`k pmc`ou us`j` pmrt`kl`k uktuo a`apu amkh`osms tmokdcdhl
 pmkhdc`j`k j`slc n`k lkedra`sl p`s`r, (2) Amkuabuj omab`kho`k lknustrl
 pmkhdc`j`k j`slc pmrt`kl`k nl pmrnms``k uktuo amklkho`to`k n`y` s`lkh n`k
klc`
klc`ll t`ab
t`ab`j
`j j`sl
j`slcc pmrt
pmrt`k
`kl`
l`k,
k, amki
amkilp
lpt`
t`o`
o`k
k c`
c`p`
p`kh
kh`k
`k om
omrg
rg`` b`
b`ru
ru n`
n`k
k
amklkho`to`k omsmg`jtmr``k a`sy`r`o`t, (9) Amklkho`to`k vdcuam, klc`l n`k
om
omr`h
r`h`a
`a`k
`k pr
prdn
dnuo
uo mo
mosp
spdr
dr b`
b`lo
lo sm
smh`
h`rr a`up
a`upuk
uk dc
dc`j
`j`k
`k,, (>
(>)) Vm
Vmku
kuab
abuj
uj`k
`k
o`w`s`k
o`w`s`k `hrdlk
`hrdlknus
nustrl
trl amc`cu
amc`cull Vmc`y`
Vmc`y`k`k
k`k Vmkhdc
Vmkhdc`j`
`j`k
k n`k Vma`s`r
Vma`s`r`k
`k J`slc
J`slc
Vmrt`kl`k
Vmrt`kl`k (V9JV),
(V9JV), (=) Vmkhmab`kh
Vmkhmab`kh`k
`k s`r`k` n`k pr`s`r`k`
pr`s`r`k` p`s`r tmra`suo 
tmra`suo 
idcn stdr`hm 
stdr`hm  n`k p`iolkh
n`k p`iolkh jdusm,
jdusm, (5) J`radkls`sl t`rle, p`g`o/pukhut`k mospdr 
n`k st`kn`rnls`sl autu.
2)  Amklkho`to`k p`khs` p`s`r mospdr amc`cul (0)
amc`cul (0) Vmkhmab`kh`k lkedra`sl p`s`r 
n`k a`romt lktmcclhmkim, (2) Vmkhu`t`k nlpcda`sl, kmhdsl`sl n`c`a amabuo`
 p`s`r, (9) Vmrcu`s`k `osms p`s`r amcmcul prdadsl n`k pmkhmab`kh`k Ermm
^r`nm @rm` (E^@), (>) Vmklkho`t`k omrg`s`a` lktmrk`sldk`c, (=) Vmklkho`t`k
oma`apu`k kmhdsl`sl n`k nlpcda`sl (smormt`rl`t X^D, tr`lklkh, a`h`kh), n`k
(5) Ydsl`cls`sl j`slc-j`slc kmhdsl`sl n`k nlpcda`sl.

2.9.0.> Ytr`tmhl n`k Omblg`o`k

Omblg`o`k Vmkn`y`huk``k Yuabmr
Yuabmr N`y` C`j`k Vmrt`kl`k
Ymotdr pmrt`kl`k nlj`n`p`k omp`n` bmrb`h`l a`s`c`j, `kt`r` c`lk smapltky`
c`j`k pmrt`kl`k pmr-o`plt` pmknunuo Lkndkmsl` (<66 a2/o`plt`), imp`tky` odkvmrsl
c`j`k pmrt`kl`k amkg`nl kdk pmrt`kl`k, n`k tln`o `a`kky` st`tus pmkhu`s``k c`j`k.
Dcmj
Dcmj o`
o`rmk
rmk`` ltu,
ltu, rmvl
rmvlt`
t`cl
cls`s
s`sll pm
pmrt`
rt`kl
kl`k
`k pm
pmrcu
rcu nl
nlpm
pmrim
rimp`
p`tt `k
`kt`
t`r`
r` c`
c`lk
lk amc`
amc`cu
cull 7 (0
(0))
odapmks`sl odkvmrsl c`j`k s`w`j, (2) pmabuo``k c`j`k pmrt`kl`k b`lo, (9) pmkilpt``k
su
su`s`
`s`k`
k` y`
y`kh
kh od
odkn
knus
usle
le uk
uktu
tuo
o pm
pmrt
rt`k
`kl`
l`k
k pm
pmkn
knms`
ms``k
`k sm
smb`
b`h`
h`ll pm
pmky
kymn
mnl`
l` c`
c`p`
p`kh
kh`k
`k
 pmomrg``k n`k pmcu`kh pmklkho`t`k
pmklkho`t`k pmkn`p`t`k smrt` omsmg`jtmr``k omcu`rh` t`kl.
2.9.0.= Ytr`tmhl n`k Omblg`o`k Vmkhmab`kh`k Vrdnuo Vmrt`kl`k B`ru
 

]ktuo
]ktuo amapmr
amapmrimp`
imp`tt pmklkh
pmklkho`t
o`t`k
`k klc`l
klc`l t`ab`j
t`ab`j y`kh
y`kh p`n`
p`n` hlclr`
hlclr`kky
kky`` `o`k
`o`k
 bmrn`ap`o omp`n` pmklkho`t`k omsmg`jtmr``k pmc`ouky`, a`o` str`tmhl
 pmkhmab`kh`k odadnltl pmrt`kl`k j`rus nledouso`k omp`n` prdnuo jlclr `hrdlknustrl.

Amkhlkh`t bms`rky`
Amkhlkh`t bms`rky` lkvmst`sl
lkvmst`sl uktuo
uktuo amkhmab`kh
amkhmab`kho`k
o`k prdnuo
prdnuo jlclr, a`o` odadnltl
odadnltl
y`kh `o`k nlomab`kho`k prdnuo jlclrky` j`rus nlplcljy`kh amapuky`l klc`l t`ab`j
 bms`r, lkvmst`slky` tln`o tmrc`cu bms`r, p`s`r prdnuoky` iuoup cu`s, pmkhu`s``k
suabmr n`y` a`kusl` amkiuoupl n`k tmrsmnl`ky` bmrb`h`l pr`sy`r`t kdra`tle c`lk
y`kh a`apu nlpmkujl. ]ktuo ltu pmkhmab`kh`k odadnltl `o`k nlprldrlt`so`k omp`n`
odadnltl
odadnltl smb`h`l bmrlout
bmrlout77 (0) V`nl, (2) G`hukh, (9) Omnmc`l,
Omnmc`l, (>) Vls`kh, (=) Gmruo, (5)
B`w`kh amr`j, (8) @khhrmo, (:) Omc`p` Y`wlt, (<) O`rmt, (06) O`o`d, (00) Omc`p`,
(02) ^mbu.

2.> Odksmp Omt`j`k`k V`kh`k nl Lkndkmsl`

Odksmp
Odksmp t`j`k`k p`kh`k y`kh nl`kut Lkndkmsl`
Lkndkmsl` n`p`t nlclj`t
nlclj`t n`rl ]] Kd 8
^`juk
^`juk 0<<5 tmkt`kh
tmkt`kh p`kh`k,
p`kh`k, p`s`c 0 `y`t 08 y`kh amkymbuto
amkymbuto`k
`k b`jw` omt`j`k`k
omt`j`k`k
 p`kh`k `n`c`j odknlsl tmrpmkujlky` p`kh`k rua`j t`khh` (R^) y`kh tmrimralk n`rl
tmrsmnl`ky` p`kh`k y`kh iuoup, b`lo guac`j a`upuk autuky`, `a`k, amr`t` n`k
tmrg`kho`u.
tmrg`kho`u. Lapclo`sl omblg`o`k n`rl odksmp lkl `n`c`j b`jw` pmamrlkt`j,
pmamrlkt`j, nl s`tu
 plj`o, bmromw`glb`k amkg`alk omiuoup`k p`kh`k n`c`a `rtl guac`j nmkh`k autu
y`kh b`lo smrt` st`blclt`s j`rh`, n`k nl
nl plj`o c`lk, pmklkhot`k pmkn`p`t`k a`sy`r`o`t,
ojususky` n`rl hdcdkh`k bmrpmkn`p`t`k rmkn`j.
^`ju
^`juk
k 266=
266= amc`
amc`cu
cull ]] Kd.0
Kd.00/
0/26
266=
6= pm
pmam
amrl
rlkt
kt`j
`j amr`
amr`tl
tlel
elo`
o`sl
sl Odvm
Odvmk`
k`k
k
Lktmrk`sldk`c J`o Modkdal Ydsl`c Bun`y`. Odvmk`k lkl `kt`r` c`lk bmrlsl tmkt`kh
t`khhu
t`khhukh
kh g`w`b
g`w`b kmh
kmh`r`
`r` n`c`a
n`c`a amkhjd
amkhjdra`
ra`tl,
tl, amclkn
amclknuk
ukhl,
hl, n`k amamku
amamkujl
jl j`o `t`s
`t`s
 p`kh`k b`hl r`oy`tky`. Nmkh`k o`t` c`lk, a`s`c`j p`kh`k amrup`o`k j`o `s`sl
y`kh pmamkuj`kky` amkg`nl t`khhukh g`w`b kmh`r`.

2.>.
2.>.0
0 Vmkt
Vmktlk
lkhk
hky`
y` Omt`
Omt`j`
j`k`
k`k
k V`kh`
V`kh`k
k

Ombmrj`slc`k pmab`khuk`k nl smotdr pmrt`kl`k nl su`tu kmh`r` j`rus tmrimralk

dcmj
dcmj oma`ap
oma`apu`k
u`k kmh`r`
kmh`r` n`c`a
n`c`a sw`smab
sw`smab`n`
`n` p`kh`k
p`kh`k,, `t`u
`t`u p`clkh
p`clkh tln`o
tln`o omt`j`
omt`j`k`k
k`k
 p`kh`k. Omt`j`k`k p`kh`k bmrt`ab`j bmrt`ab`j pmktlkh c`hl tmrut`a` o`rmk` s``t lkl
Lkndkmsl` amrup`o`k s`c`j s`tu `khhdt` n`rl Drh`kls`sl Vmrn`h`kh`k Nukl` (X^D).
 

@rtlky`, nl s`tu plj`o, pmamrlkt`j j`rus amapmrj`tlo`k omc`khsukh`k prdnuosl

 p`kh`k nl n`c`a kmhmrl nmal amkg`alk omt`j`k`k p`kh`k, k`auk nl plj`o c`lk,
Lkndkmsl`
Lkndkmsl` tln`o bls` amkhj`ab`t
amkhj`ab`t lapdr
lapdr p`kh`k
p`kh`k n`rl cu`r. N`c`a o`t` c`lk, `p`blc`
`p`blc`

Lkndkmsl` tln`o sl`p, om`khhdt``k Lkndkmsl` nl n`c`a X^D bls` amabu`t Lkndkmsl`
amkg`nl s`kh`t tmrh`ktukh p`n` lapdr p`kh`k, n`k lkl n`p`t amkh`ki`a omt`j`k`k
 p`kh`k n`c`a kmhmrl. Omt`j`k`k p`kh`k amapuky`l pmr`k str`tmhls n`c`a
 pmab`khuk`k k`sldk`c o`rmk` j`c-j`c bmrlout 7

0) @osms
@osms tmrj`n
tmrj`n`p
`p p`
p`kh
kh`k
`k n`
n`k
k hlzl
hlzl y`
y`kh
kh iu
iuou
oup
p amru
amrup`
p`o`
o`k
k j`
j`o
o y`
y`kh
kh p`clkh
p`clkh
`s`sl b`hl a`kusl`.
2) V`kh`k
V`kh`k amalclol
amalclol pmr`k`k pmktlkh
pmktlkh n`c`a
n`c`a pmabmktu
pmabmktuo`k
o`k suabmr
suabmr n`y` a`kusl`
a`kusl`
y`kh bmrou`clt`s
9) Omt`j`k`k
Omt`j`k`k p`kh`k
p`kh`k amrup`o`k
amrup`o`k s`c`j
s`c`j s`tu plc`r
plc`r ut`a`
ut`a` n`c`a amkdp
amkdp`kh
`kh
omt`j`k`k modkdal n`k omt`j`k`k k`sldk`c y`kh bmromc`kgut`k.

2.>.2 E`otdr ]t`a` Vmkmktu Omt`j`k`k V`kh`k

Y`kh`t
Y`kh`t lrdkls
lrdkls amclj`
amclj`tt omky`t
omky`t``k
``k b`jw`
b`jw` Lkndkm
Lkndkmsl`
sl` smb`h`
smb`h`ll smbu`j
smbu`j kmh`r`
kmh`r`
`hr`rls tmrbms`r amkh`c`al a`s`c`j
a`s`c`j omt`j`k`k p`kh`k. Amkurut Yuy`nl, p`n` tlkho`t
k`sldk`c Lkndkmsl` tln`o puky` a`s`c`j nmkh`k p`kh`k, k`auk smi`r` alord, orlsls
 p`kh`k tmc`j tmrg`nl nl tlkho`t omcu`rh`, tmrut`a` nl n`mr`j-n`mr`j
tmrpmkilc, tmrut`a` nl omcdapdo a`sy`r`o`t y`kh smpmkujky` amkh`kn`co`k pmrt`kl`k
uktuo
uktuo jlnup.
jlnup. Omt`j`k`k
Omt`j`k`k p`kh`k
p`kh`k s`kh`tc`j
s`kh`tc`j nlmktuo`k
nlmktuo`k dcmj smguac`j
smguac`j e`otdr bmrlout7

(`) c`j`k (b) lker`struotur (i) tmokdcdhl,

tmokdcdhl, om`jcl`k, n`k w`w`s`k, (n) mkmrhl, (m) n`k`,
(e) clkhoukh`k elslo/locla, (h) rmc`sl omrg`, n`k (j) omtmrsmnl``k lkput c`lkky`

2.= Omblg`o`k Rmvlt`cls`sl Vmrt`kl`k

Rmvlt`cls`sl pmrt`kl`k nmkh`k tugu`k uktuo amklkho`to`k omsmg`jtmr``k pmt`kl
n`k kmc`y`k turur amkyuab`kh tmrj`n`p pmrtuabuj`k prdnuo ndamstlo brutd (VNB),
mospdr kdkalh`s, smrt` pmkymr`p`k tmk`h` omrg` k`sldk`c.
N`c`a
N`c`a t`juk
t`juk 2668,
2668, `n` > (map`t
(map`t)) edous
edous omblg`
omblg`o`k
o`k rmvlt`
rmvlt`cls
cls`sl
`sl n`c`a
n`c`a omblg`o
omblg`o`k
`k
 pmrt`kl`k y`ltu 7
(0) Omt`j`k`k p`kh`k k`sldk`c.
 

(2) Vmklkho`t`k ou`clt`s pmrtuabuj`k prdnuosl pmrt`kl`k, pmrlo`k`k.

(9) Vmkhmab`kh`k nlvmrslelo`sl modkdal n`k lker`struotur pmrnms``k.
(>) Vmkhma
Vmkhmab`k
b`kh`k
h`k suabmr
suabmr n`y`
n`y` `c`a
`c`a smb`h`
smb`h`ll suabmr
suabmr mkmrhl
mkmrhl bmromc
bmromc`kg
`kgut`
ut`k
k y`kh
y`kh

tmrb`ruo`k (rmkmw`bcm mkmrhy).

 

B@B LLL

VMK]^]V

9.0 Omslapuc`k

Ymotdr pmrt`kl`k amrup`o`k smotdr y`kh amapuky`l pmr`k`k str`tmhls n`c`a

struotur pmab`khuk`k pmrmodkdal`k k`sldk`c. Odkstrlbusl smotdr pmrt`kl`k n`c`a
 pmrmodkdal`k `kt`r` c`lk7 suabmr pmabmktuo VNB Lkndkmsl`, pmkymr`p`k tmk`h`
omrg`, s`c`j s`tu suabmr pmkhj`slc nmvls` smrt` pmkymnl` p`kh`k pmknunuo n`k b`j`k
 b`ou Lknustrl. @n`ky` omkimknmrukh`k pmkuruk`k smotdr pmrt`kl`k tmrj`n`p
 pmrmodkdal`k Lkndkmsl` amaukiuco`k pmalolr`k n`k up`y`-up`y` uktuo 
amrmvlt`cls`sl smotdr pmrt`kl`k. Bmrb`h`l omblg`o`k n`k str`tmhl tmc`j nltmapuj dcmj
 pmamrlkt`j huk` amkmap`to`k omab`cl pmr`k str`tmhls
str` tmhls n`rl smotdr pmrt`kl`k nl n`c`a
 pmrmodkdal`k k`sldk`c b`ky`o j`c y`kh j`rus olt` c`ouo`k n`c`a amkhmab`kho`k
 pmrt`kl`k p`n` a`s` y`kh `o`k n`t`kh. Omsmg`jtmr``k pmt`kl n`k omcu`rh`ky`
amrup`o`k tugu`k ut`a`y`kh amkg`nl prldrlt`s n`c`a amc`ouo`k prdhr`a `p`puk.
^mktu j`c ltu tln`o bdcmj j`ky` amkhuktukho`k s`tu hdcdkh`k s`g` k`auk nl`r`jo`k
uktuo
uktuo amki`p
amki`p`l
`l pdkn`sl
pdkn`sl y`kh
y`kh ou`t
ou`t p`n`
p`n` pmab`k
pmab`khuk
huk`k
`k k`sldk
k`sldk`c.
`c. Vmab`k
Vmab`khuk
huk`k
`k
 pmrt`kl`k j`rus amkh`ktlslp`sl t`kt`kh`k nmador`tls`sl n`k hcdb`cls`sl uktuo n`p`t
amki
amkilp
lpt`o
t`o`k
`k sl
slstm
stma
a y`
y`kh
kh `n
`nlc
lc.. Ymc`
Ymc`lk
lk ltu
ltu j`
j`ru
russ nl
nl`r
`r`j
`jo`
o`k
k uk
uktu
tuo
o amwug
amwugun
uno`
o`k
k
a`sy
a`sy`r
`r`o
`o`t
`t y`kh
y`kh sm
smg`
g`jt
jtmr
mr`,
`, ojus
ojusus
usky
ky`` pmt`
pmt`kl
kl amc`
amc`cu
cull pm
pmab
ab`k
`khu
huk`
k`k
k slst
slstma
ma
 pmrt`kl`k n`k us`j` pmrt`kl`k y`kh ou`t n`k a`p`k. Nla`k` Ylstma tmrsmbut j`rus
n`p`t bmrn`y` s`lkh, bmromr`oy`t`k n`k bmromc`kgut`k .

9.2 Y`r`k

N`c`a
N`c`a pm
pmku
kucl
cls`k
s`k a`o`
a`o`c`j
c`j lkl
lkl tmktu
tmktuc`j
c`j amap
amapuk
uky`
y`ll b`
b`ky
ky`o
`o om
omou
our`k
r`kh`
h`k-
k-
omour`kh`k y`kh pmrcu nlcmkho`pl dcmj pmab`i`-pmab`i` y`kh amalclol nlslpclk lcau
tmkt
tmkt`k
`kh
h pm
pmab
ab`j
`j`s
`s`k
`k lk
lkl.
l. Dcmj
Dcmj a`su
a`suo`
o`kk
kky`
y` y`
y`kh
kh bm
bmrsl
rsle`
e`tt amab
amab`k
`khu
huk
k s`
s`kh
kh`t
`t
nlj`r`po`k, smadh` bmra`ke``t uktuo amkhlsl ombutuj`k `o`k b`i``k b`hl smau`
 plj`o y`kh tmro`lt nmkh`k pmkhmab`kh`k pdc` plolr y`kh smg`g`r, smc`r`s, n`k
smlab`kh.
 

N@E^@R V]Y^@O@

jttps7//www.`i`nmal`.mnu/2<:<<>88/pmrmodkdal`kTlkndkmsl`

jttps7//nlr`pr`ng`0<>8.bcdhspdt.ida/2608/6:/a`o`c`j-rmvlt`cls`sl-pmrt`kl`k.jtac