JMWN_MK WFKAMCVJVMK

WFLFKVCMK DFOVQVCMK KVQ_@R@

Quems `k` a`susuk sfomem` smjmc smtu ofktud pfkuemsmk amjml

Wrmdt`d Dj`k`d Dfpfrmwmtmk Amsmr 

Ansfk Wflo`lo`ke 9 H`j`m @bcm R, L.Dfp

 Kmlm 9 Mr`h`k _mlacmk`

  K@L 9 =08=2?55

W_NA@ A@@@ DFWF_MUMQMK

HMDVJQMR @JLV DFRFCMQMK

VK@XF_R@QMR LVCMLLMA@PMC WNKN_NEN

=
 

JFLOM_ WFKEFRMCMK

 Kmlm 9 Mr`h`k _mlacmk`

 K@L 9 =08=2?55
Iuauj
Iuauj Msdfp
Msdfp 9 Msucmk
Msucmk Dfpf
Dfpfrmw
rmwmtm
mtmk
k pmam
pmam Qk. R afkemk
afkemk Emke
Emkeeum
eumk
k Dfoutu
Dfoutucmk
cmk
 Kutr`s` a` rumke Vk`t Rtrndf

Qfjmc a`tfr`lm amk a`smcdmk njfc pflo`lo`ke `kst`tus` mtms Msucmk Dfpfrmwmtmk
ymke tfjmc a``dut` sfjmlm Wrmdt`d Dj`k`d Dfpfrmwmtmk Amsmr ymdk` pmam tmkeemj
==-=8 Imkumr` ?7?=.

Wnknrnen, 71 Imkumr` ?7?=

  Wflo`lo`ke @kst`tus` Lmcms`swm

(H`j`m @bcm Rudmltn, R. Dfp., Ks., L.Dfp) ( Mr`h`k _mlacmk`)

?
 

JMWN_MK WFKAMCVJVMK
DFOVQVCMK KVQ_@R@

M. DNKR
DNKRFW
FW AMR
AMRM_ 
M_ 
=. Afh`k`s`
 Kutr`s` mamjmc prnsfs pflmsudmk amk pfkenjmcmk zmt lmdmkmk njfc
tuouc
tuouc ymke
ymke ofrtui
ofrtuiumk
umk lfkecm
lfkecms`j
s`jdmk
dmk fkfrey
fkfrey amk a`eukm
a`eukmdmk
dmk amjml
amjml
mdt`v`tms tuouc. A`lmkm zmt ‒ zmt `tu tfra`r` amr` zmt ‒ zmt e`z` amk zmt
jm`k ymke ampmt lfkecms`jdmk fkfrey amk tfkmem. Dfoutucmk kutr`s`
lfrupmdmk dfoutucmk ymke smkemt pfkt`ke amjml lflomktu prnsfs
 pfrtuloucmk amk pfrdflomkemk pmam omy` amk mkmd, lfke`kemt
lmkhmmt kutr`s` amjml tuouc ampmt lflomktu prnsfs pfrtuloucmk amk
 pfrdflomkemk mkmd, sfrtm lfkbfemc tfrima`kym ofromem` pfkymd`t
md`omt
md`omt durmke
durmke kutr`s`
kutr`s` amjml
amjml tuouc
tuouc sfpfrt
sfpfrt`` dfdurm
dfdurmkem
kemk
k fkfre`
fkfre` amk
 prntf`k, mkfl`m, afh`s`fks` yna`ul, afh`s`fks` sfke (Yk) afh`s`fks`
v`tml`
v`tml`k
k M, afh`s`f
afh`s`fks`
ks` tc`ml`
tc`ml`k,
k, afh`s`
afh`s`fks
fks`` dmj`ul
dmj`ul amk jm`k-jm`
jm`k-jm`k
k ymke
ymke
ampmt
ampmt lfkec
lfkecmlo
mlomt
mt prnsfs
prnsfs tulouc
tulouc dflomk
dflomke
e mkmd
mkmd (M. Mz`z
Mz`z Mj`luj
Mj`luj
C`amymt, ?770).
Dfou
Dfoutu
tucm
cmk
k kutr
kutr`s
`s`` ome`
ome` sf
sft`
t`mp
mp nr
nrmk
mke
e of
ofro
rofa
fam-
m-of
ofam
am,, ym
ymke
ke
 ofrcuoukemk afkemk pfrofammk ymke tframpmt amjml o`amke efkft`d 
amk lftmonj`d. Kmluk, ome` sflum omy` amk mkmd-mkmd, tuiumk amsmr 
am
amr`
r`pm
pmam
am pf
pflf
lfku
kucm
cmk
k df
dfou
outu
tucm
cmk
k md
mdmk
mk ku
kutr
tr`s`
`s` tf
tfrsf
rsfou
outt lfj`
lfj`pu
put`
t`
 pfkbmpm`mk pfrtuloucmk ymke lflumsdmk sfrtm pfkec`kamrmk
tfrima`
tfrima`kym
kym pfkymd
pfkymd`t
`t ymke
ymke mdut
mdut mtmu
mtmu drnk`d
drnk`d,, a`smlp
a`smlp`ke
`ke lfknpm
lfknpmke
ke
 pfrdflomkemk dflmlpumk h`s`d amk lfktmj amk sfcmruskym iuem
lfkyfa`mdmk bmamkemk uktud lfkecmamp` sfsumtu dftfemkemk. Hnna
mka kutr`t`nk Onmra ‒ Omamk Lmdmkmk amk Kutr`s` (KMR-K_B, =037)
tfjm
tfjmc
c lfke
lfke`a
`afk
fkt`
t`h`
h`dm
dms`
s`dm
dmk
k pflo
pflofr
fr`m
`mk
k su
susu
sukm
kmk
k lmdm
lmdmkm
kmk
k ym
ymke
ke
sfpmk
sfpmktm
tmsk
skym
ym uk
uktu
tud
d sfiul
sfiuljm
jmc
c om
omcm
cmk
k lmdm
lmdmkm
kmk,
k, uk
uktu
tud
d lfkb
lfkbfe
femc
mc
tfrima`kym dfmammk-dfmammk dfdurmkemk e`z` ome` dfomkymdmk nrmke
(Ofcrlmk, X`btnr, =033).

2
 

?. Djm
Djms`h
s`h`dm
`dms`
Djms`h`dms` kutr`s` ampmt ofrupm dmronc`armt, prntf`k, jflmd, v`tml`k,
l`kfrmj, amk m`r ym`tu 9
m) Dmro
Dmron
nc`arm
`armtt
Dmronc`armt mamjmc eujm sfafrcmkm (lnknsmdmr`am amk a`smdmr`am)
amk eujm dnlpjfds (pnj`smdmr`am). Dmronc`armt tfra`r` amr` dmronk,
c`arnefk, amk nds`efk. Eujm, s`rup, lmau, oumc, amk susu mamjmc
sulofr dmronc`armt sfafrcmkm. _nt`, sfrfmj, dfktmke, ofrms, pmstm,
amk emkaul ofr`s` dmronc`armt dnlpjfds.
 o) Wrntf`k
Wrntf`k mamjmc zmt d`l`m nremk`d ymke ofr`s` msml ml`kn, ymke
a`cuouke
a`cuoukedmk
dmk afkemk
afkemk rmktm` pfpt`am. Wrntf`k tfra`r`
tfra`r` amr` dmronk,
c`arnefk,
c`arnefk, nds`efk,am
nds`efk,amk
k k`trnefk.Q
k`trnefk.Quouc
uouc lfks`ktfs`sp
lfks`ktfs`sprntf`
rntf`k
k mktmrm
jm`k lflofktud cflnejno`k uktud lflomwm nds`efk df imr`kemk,
`ksuj`k uktud rfeujms` ejudnsm amrmc, amk mjoul`k uktud rfeujms`
tfdmkmk nslnt`d amrmc.
b) Jflmd  
Jflmd mtmu j`p`a, tfrlmsud jflmd kftrmj, l`kymd, msml jflmd,
dnjfst
dnjfstfrn
frnj,
j, amk pcnspc
pcnspcnjn
njnp`a
p`a.. Jflmd
Jflmd mamjmc
mamjmc zmt nremk`
nremk`dym
dymke
ke
tfra`r
tfra`r`` amr`
amr` dmronk
dmronk,, c`arne
c`arnefk,
fk, amk nds`ef
nds`efk.J
k.Jflm
flmd
d sfbmrm
sfbmrm `afmj
`afmj
lflo
lflofk
fktu
tud
d sfd`t
sfd`tmr
mr ?7
?7%
% of
ofrmt
rmt om
omam
amk
k pm
pmam
am nr
nrmk
mke
e ym
ymke
ke t`am
t`amd 
d 
eflud.Jflmd ofrhukes` sfomem` trmkspnrt sfj, prntfds` nremk v`tmj,
fkfre`, s`lpmkmk fkfre` pmam imr`kemk ma`pnsm, mosnros` v`tml`k,
amk trmkspnrt v`tml`k jmrut jflmd. Jflmd a`djms`h`dms`dmk sfomem`
jflmd ifkuc amk jflmd t`amd ifkuc. Ame`ke smp`, ame`ke anlom,
l`kymd dfjmpm, l`kymd dfjmpm smw`t, amk l`kymd o`i` dfjmpm smw`t
lfke
lfkemk
mkau
auke
ke msml
msml jflm
jflmd
d if
ifku
kuc
c jf
jfo`
o`c
c t`ke
t`kee`
e` am
amk
k jf
jfo`
o`c
c df
dfrms
rms..
Ame`ke myml, `dmk amk smyurmk ofr`s` msml jflmd t`amd ifkuc
jfo`c t`kee` amk jfo`c jukmd.
a) X`tml`k
X`
X`tm
tml`
l`k
k ma
mamj
mjmc
mc zmt nr
nrem
emk`
k`d
d ym
ymke
ke pf
pfkt
kt`k
`ke
e om
ome`
e` tu
tuou
ouc
c uk
uktu
tud 
d 
 pfrtuloucmk, pfrdflomkemk, pflfj`cmrmmk, amk rfprnauds`, sfrtm

1
 

lflo
flomk
mktu
tu amjm
amjml
l pfk
fke
eeu
eukm
kmmk
mk fk
fkfr
fre
e` ku
kutr
tr`f
`fk
kt. X`tm
X`tml`
l`k
k
a`djms
a`djms`h`d
`h`dms`d
ms`dmk
mk sfomem
sfomem`` v`tml`
v`tml`k
k jmrut
jmrut jflmd
jflmd amk v`tml`
v`tml`k
k jmrut
jmrut
m`r.=) X`tml`k jmrut jflmd, v`tml`k jmrut jflmd a`s`lpmk a` cmt`
mtmu imr`kemk ma`pnsm, sfc`keem `ktmdf v`tml`k ofrjfo`cmk ampmt
lfkyfo
lfkyfomod
modmk
mk dfrmbu
dfrmbukmk
kmk.. ?) X`tml`
X`tml`k
k jmrut
jmrut m`rX`t
m`rX`tml`k
ml`k jmrut
jmrut m`r 
a`s`lpmk amjml tuouc. @ktmdf ofrjfo`cmk a`mosnros` njfc imr`kemk,
amk a`fdsdrfs`dmk amjml ur`kf.
f) L`kfrmj
L`kf
L`kfrmj
rmj lflo
lflomk
mktu
tu lflo
lflofk
fktu
tud
d imr`k
imr`kem
emk
k tu
tuou
ouc
c am
amk
k rfeuj
rfeujms
ms``
lftmonj`slf
lftmonj`slf.. Bnktnc amr` l`kfrmj
l`kfrmj mamjmc dmjs`ul,
dmjs`ul, lmekfs`u
lmekfs`ul,
l,
sna`ul, pntmss`ul/dmjj`ul, hnshnr, ofs` (hf), `na`k, z`kb, m`r.
2. Ft`njn
Ft`njne`
e` / hhmb
mbtnr
tnr pfkyfo
pfkyfomo
mo
Mam ? hmdtnr pfkyfomokym ym`tu 9
m) Dfdurmkemk
Dfdurmkemk kutr`s`
kutr`s` (fhfd
(fhfd amr`
amr` pfkenomtmk
pfkenomtmk,, lumj/luktmc
lumj/luktmc,, emkeeumk
emkeeumk
`ktm
`ktmdf
df lmd
lmdmkmk
mkmk,, rma
rma`ms`
`ms` / dfln
flntf
tfrm
rmp
p`, pf
pfk
kym
ymd
d`t drn
rnk
k`s,
`s,
lfk`ke
lfk`kedmt
dmtkym
kym dfoutu
dfoutucmk
cmk dmjnr`
dmjnr` amk dfsuj`
dfsuj`tmk
tmk amjml
amjml lfkbfr
lfkbfrkm
km
dmjnr` md`omt pfkymd`t `khfds` / dmkdfr)
 o) A`shme`m dmrfkm mamkym dfjm`kmk pfrsymrmhmk
b) Wfkurukmk
Wfkurukmk mosnrps`
mosnrps` kutr`s`
kutr`s` pfkymd`t
pfkymd`t / `ktnjfrmks`
`ktnjfrmks` jmdtnsm
jmdtnsm
a) Kmhs
Kmhsu
u lmdm
lmdmk
k lfku
lfkuru
ruk
k (Umr
(Umrtn
tnkm
kmc,
c, ?7
?778
78 Amk
Amk Mj
Mj`l
`luj
uj,, ?7
?778
78,,
Cmjmlmk 85)
1. Hmbtnr
Hmbtnr ‒ hmbtn
hmbtnrr ymke
ymke lflpfke
lflpfkemruc
mruc`` amk jm`k-jm`k
jm`k-jm`k
Hmbtnr ‒ hmbtnr ymke lflpfkemruc` dfoutucmk kutr`s` ym`tu 9
m) Wfk
fkef
eftm
tmc
cumk
umk
_fkamckym
_fkamckym pfkeftmcumk
pfkeftmcumk tfktmke
tfktmke lmkhmmt
lmkhmmt lmdmkmk
lmdmkmk ofre`z`
ofre`z` ymke
ampmt
ampmt lflpfk
lflpfkemr
emruc`
uc` pnjm
pnjm dnksul
dnksuls`
s` lmdmk,
lmdmk, cmj tfrsfou
tfrsfoutt ampmt
ampmt
a`sfo
a`sfomo
modm
dmk
k njfc
njfc du
durmk
rmkek
ekym
ym `k
`khn
hnrl
rlms
ms`` sfc`k
sfc`kee
eemm am
ampm
pmtt tfrim
tfrima`
a`
dfsmjmcmk pflfkucmk dfoutucmk e`z`.
 o) Wrmsmkedm
Wrmsmk
Wrmsmkedm
edm ourud
ourud tfrcma
tfrcmamp
mp ofofrmp
ofofrmpmm ifk`s
ifk`s omcmk
omcmk lmdmkm
lmdmkmk
k ymke
ymke
 ofrk`jm` e`z` t`kee`, ampmt lflfkemruc` stmtus e`z` sfsfnrmke.
b) Dfo`msmmk

6
 

Mamkym dfo`msmmk ymke ourud mtmu pmktmkemk tfrcmamp lmdmkmk

tfrtfktu, ampmt iuem lflfkemruc` stmtus e`z`. L`smjkym, a`ofofrmpm
amfrmc
amfrmc tframpm
tframpmtt jmrmkem
jmrmkemk
k lmdmk
lmdmk p`smke
p`smke,, pmpmym
pmpmym,, ome`
ome` ema`s
ema`s amk
rflmim
rflmim.. Wmamcm
Wmamcmj,
j, lmdmkm
lmdmkmk
k `tu lfrup
lfrupmdm
mdmk
k sulofr
sulofr v`tml`
v`tml`k
k ymke
ymke
 om`d.
a) Dfsudmmk
Dfsu
Dfsudm
dmmk
mk ofrj
ofrjfo
fo`c
`cmk
mk tfrc
tfrcma
mamp
mp su
sumt
mtu
u if
ifk`
k`ss lmdm
lmdmkm
kmk
k am
ampm
pmtt
lfkemd`omtdmk durmkekym vmr`ms` lmdmkmk, sfc`keem tuouc t`amd 
lflpfr
lflpfrnjf
njfc
c zmt e`z`
e`z` ymke
ymke a`outu
a`outucdm
cdmk
k sfbmrm
sfbmrm budup
budup.. Dfsudmm
Dfsudmmk
k
tfrcmamp smjmc smtu ifk`s lmdmkmk, ampmt lfkemd`omtdmk tfrima`kym
dmsus lmjkutr`s`.
f) Fdnknl`
Rtmtu
Rtmtuss fd
fdnk
nknl
nl`` am
ampm
pmtt lflp
lflpfk
fkem
emru
ruc`
c` pf
pfru
ruom
omcm
cmk
k stmtu
stmtuss e`
e`z`
z`,,
 pfkyfa`mmk lmdmkmk ofre`z`, lfloutucdmk amkm ymke t`amd 
sfa`d
sfa`d`t
`t dm
dmrf
rfkm
km pf
pfru
ruom
omcm
cmk
k stmtu
stmtuss e`
e`z`
z` a`
a`pf
pfke
kemr
mruc
uc`` nj
njfc
fc stmtu
stmtuss
fdnknl`. Afkemk dmtm jm`k, nrmke afkemk stmtus fdnknl` durmke
 o`msmkym dfsuj`tmk amjml lfkyfa`mdmk lmdmkmk ofre`z`.
Ofe`tupuk sfomj`dkym.

O. MRVCMK
MRVCMK DFWF_M
DFWF_MUMQ
UMQMK
MK
=. Wfkedmi`mk
m. @a
@afk
fkt`
t`tm
tmss dj`f
dj`fk
k
A`amjml `afkt`tms dj`fk `k` lfj`put` kmlm/`k`s`mj, ulur, kn.rfe`stfr,
memlm, mjmlmt, pfka`a`dmk tfrmdc`r, pfdfrimmk, tmkeemj L_R, amk
a`meknsm lfa`s.
 o. Dfjucmk utmlm
Dfjucm
Dfjucmk
k utmlm
utmlm pmam
pmam dj`fk
dj`fk afkemk
afkemk emkeeu
emkeeumk
mk dfoutu
dfoutucmk
cmk kutr`s`
kutr`s`
mamjmc
mamjmc sfpfrt`
sfpfrt` lumj,
lumj, luktmc
luktmc,, amk t`amd
t`amd kmhsu
kmhsu lmdmk.
lmdmk. Rfc`ke
Rfc`keem
em
dj`fk lfkemjml` dfdurmkemk kutr`s` a`amjml tuouckym.
b. _`wm
_`wmym
ymtt p
pfk
fkym
ymd`
d`tt ssfd
fdmrm
mrmke
ke

8
 

_`wmymt
_`wmymt pfkymd`t
pfkymd`t sfdmrmke,
sfdmrmke, dj`fk afkemk emkeeumk
emkeeumk dfouutucm
dfouutucmk
k
kutr
kutr`s
`s`` ma
mamj
mjmc
mc lumj
lumj amk
amk lukt
luktmc
mc sf
sftf
tfjm
jmc
c lmdm
lmdmk.
k. Pmke
Pmke o`
o`sm
sm
lfkemd`omtdmk tuouckym jflms.
a. _`wm
_`wmym
ymtt pfky
pfkymd
md`t
`t amc
amcuj
uju
u
Wnjmm lmdmk,
Wnj lmdmk, dfo`msm
dfo`msmmk
mk lmdmk,
lmdmk, o`sm
o`sm lflpfk
lflpfkemr
emruc`
uc` tfrima
tfrima`ky
`kymm
emkeeu
emkeeumk
mk dfoutu
dfoutucmk
cmk kutr`s`
kutr`s`.. Rfjm`k
Rfjm`k `tu,
`tu, msupmk
msupmk lmdmkm
lmdmkmk
k sfrtm
sfrtm
dftfrmturmk lmdmk sft`mp cmr` iuem lfrupmdmk hmbtnrkym.
f. _`wm
_`wmym
ymtt dfsfc
dfsfcmt
mtmk
mk dfj
dfjum
umre
remm
Mpmo`jm mam mkeentm dfjumrem ymke iuem lfl`j`d` r`wmymt pfkymd`t
afkemk emkeeumk dfoutucmk kutr`s`
h. _`wm
_`wmym
ymtt ps`d
ps`dns
nsns
ns`m
`mjj
Amjml r`wmymt ps`dnsns`mj `k` lfj`put` pfrsfps` amk cmrmpmk dj`fk,
 pfrsfps` amk cmrmpmk dfjumrem, `ktfrmds` amk dnluk`dms`,
 pfrtmcmkmk a`r`, k`jm` amk dfpfrbmymmk, pfkemdi`mk dnksfp a`r`, amk
 iuem efknerml.
?. Wnjm
Wnjm dfsfc
dfsfcmtm
mtmk
k sfc
sfcmr`
mr` ‒ cmr
cmr``
Wnjm
Wnjm ‒ pn
pnjm
jm df
dfsfc
sfcmt
mtmk
mk sf
sfcm
cmr`
r` ‒ cm
cmr`
r` sfofj
sfofjul
ul sm
smd`
d`tt am
amk
k smmt
smmt smd`t
smd`t
lfj`put` pnjm kutr`s`, fj`l`kms` OMO/OMD, `st`rmcmt, pfrsnkmj cye`fkf,
amk mdt`v`tms.
2. Wflf
Wflfr`
r`ds
dsmm
mmk
k h`s`d 
h`s`d 
Wfkedmi`mk
Wfkedmi`mk t`amd cmkym
cmkym ofrhndus
ofrhndus pmam imr`kemk ymke ofrprnj`hfrms`
ofrprnj`hfrms`
sfbmrm bfpmt sfpfrt` duj`t, rmlout, dudu, lmtm,amk ludnsm tftmp` iuem
lfj`put` imr`kemk t`kimumk s`stflmt`s ymke ampmt a`omka`kedmk afkemk
sft`mp pflfr`dsmmk h`s`d ymke rut`k.
1. Wflf
Wflfr`
r`ds
dsmm
mmk
k pfkuk
pfkukim
imke
ke
m. Wflfr`dsmmk Jmonrmtnr`ul
=) Mjoul`k (K91-6,6 le//=77lj)
?) Qrmkshfrr`k (K9=57-?6 LE/=77LJ)
2) Co (K9=? LE%)
1) OVK (K9=7-?7 le/=77lj)
6) Fd
Fdsd
sdrf
rfs`
s` dfrm
dfrmt`
t`k
k uktu
uktud
d ?1 im
iml
l (K9J
(K9JMD
MD@-
@-JM
JMD@
D@99 7,
7,8-
8-=,
=,2
2
LE/=77

5
 

o. Wflfr`dsmmk BQ sbmk
b. Wfkeudurmk mktrnpnlftr`
=) OO `afmj 9 (QO ‒ =77) + =7%
?) J`kedmr pfrefjmkemk tmkemk
2) J`kedmr jfkemk mtms (JJM)
 K`jm` knrlmj wmk`tm 9 ?3,6 bl
 K`jm` knrlmj pr`m 9 ?3,2 bl
1) J`pmtmk duj`t pmam ntnt tr`sfp (QRH)
 K`jm` knrlmj wmk`tm 9 =8,6 ‒ =3 bl
 K`jm` knrlmj pr`m 9 =?,6 ‒ =8,6 bl
a. Dj`k`s
Lftnaff `k` a`amsrdmk mtms pfruomcmk
Lftna pfruomcmk ymke tfrima`
tfrima` ymke a`eukmdmk
a`eukmdmk
afkemk dft`amdbudupmk zmt e`z`. Cmj `k` ampmt a`j`cmt pmam imr`kemk
fp`tfj sfpfrt` 9 duj`t, rmlout, amk lmtm.
f. A`ft
Lmdmkmk ymke a`lmdmk ifk`skym amk pnrs`kym.
6. Wfkmtmjm
Wfkmtmjmdsmk
dsmkmmk
mmk dfpfrmwm
dfpfrmwmtmk
tmk amk dnjmonrms
dnjmonrms``
m. Lfkefa
Lfkefaud
udms`
ms` pflfk
pflfkucm
ucmk
k dfoutu
dfoutucmk
cmk kutr
kutr`s`
`s`
 o. Lflofr`dmk tfrmp` pfkenotmk
b. Lflofr
Lflofr`dm
`dmk
k msup
msupmk
mk kutr`s`
kutr`s` lmdmkm
lmdmkmk
k
a. Lflofr`dmk
Lflofr`dmk kutr`s`
kutr`s` lfjmju`
lfjmju` sfjmke
sfjmke emstrn`ktfst
emstrn`ktfst`kmj
`kmj
f. Lflofr
Lflofr`dm
`dmk
k kutr`s`
kutr`s` lfjmj
lfjmju`
u` pflou
pfloujuc
juc amrmc
amrmc vfkm
vfkm

3
 

8. Wfrulusmk lmsmjmc
lmsmjmc (pncnk lmsmjmc)

Emkeeumk lfkfjmk/ Lmjkutr`s`

dfrusmdmk smjurmk pfkbfrkmmk

Emkeeumk lmdmkmk ymke a`bfrkm durmkekym kutr`s`

Lmsud df sfj

Qfrima`kym rfhjfds
Rfj dfdurmkemk kutr`s`

Afh`s`t Kutr`s`

Jflmc Emkeeumk mdt`v`tms Ofrmt omamk lfkuruk

0
 

5. Wfrfk
fkbbmkmm
mkmmk
k

K A@MEKNRM D_@QF_@M CMR@J @KQF_XFKR@ (R@D@)

N (RAD@) (RJD@)
=. Afh`s`t Kutr`s` Rftfjmc a`jmdudmk Afh`k`s`

 o/a `ktfrvfks` Lfluj`cdmk dflmlpumk

dft`amdlmlpumk df
dfpf
pfrmw
rmwmtm
mtmk
k sf
sfjm
jmlm
lm lfkfjmk uktud lfkbfemc
lfkfjmk 2x du
duki
kiuk
ukem
emk,
k, lmdm
lmdm tfr
tfrima
ima`ky
`kymm dnlpj`
dnlpj`dms
dms`` md`omt
md`omt
lmdmkmk stmtus kutr`s` emkeeumk lfkfjmk.
(A.77=0) lfk
fk``kedmt afkemk Q`kamdmk
dr`tfr`m cms`j 9 Nosfrvms` 9
 Ofrmt omamk - Lnk`tnr tmkam amk efimjm
budup lfk`kedmt msp`rms`

 Fj
Fjl
l`kms
`kms`` hf
hfdm
dmjj - Lnk`
Lnk`tn
tnrr efr
efrmd
mdmk
mk j`am
j`amc
c smm
smmtt

lfk`kedmt lmdmk
 Hukes` - Lnk`tnr tmkam dfjfjmcmk

emstrn`ktfst`kmj smmtt lmdm

smm lmdmk,
k, l`ku
l`kul
l am
amk
k

lfk`kedmt lfkfjmk

  Kmhsu lmdmk Qfrmpfut`d 9

lfk`kedmt - Ofr`dmk j`k
j`kedukemk ymk
mke
e

 Rtmt
Rtmtus
us lfkf
lfkfjm
jmk
k kymlmk

lfk`kedmt - Im
Ime
em pr`vms` pms`f
s`fk

Q`ke
Q`kedm
dmtt af
afpr
prfs`
fs` - Eukmdmk m jm
jmt omktu,  i`dm


lfkuruk  pfrju
- C`kamr` pfkeeukmmk
 Q`kedmt kyfr`
sfantmk
lfkuruk
- Wns`s`dmk auaud 
- Ofr`dmk pfrlfk jnjj`pnp
uktud lfk`kedmtdmk
dfdumtmk j`amc
- Hms`j`tms` lfjftmddmk
lmd
mdmmkmk a` ofjmdmke

lujut

=7
 

- Ofr`dmk pfr
pfrmwmt
mwmtmmk lujut,
sfsum` dfoutucmk
 Faudms` 9
- @khnrlms`dmk lmkhmmt
tf
tfrm
rmp
p` lfk
fkfj
fjmk
mk dfp
fpma
mamm
 pms`fk amk dfjumrem
- Mkiurdmk lfloudm amk
lfkutup lujut smmt
lflofr`dmk lmdmkmk
- Mkiu
Mkiurd
rdmk
mk t`am
t`amd
d o`b
o`bmr
mrmm smmt
smmt
lmdmk
 Dnjmonrms` 9
- Dnjmonrm
rmss` afkemk tfk
fkmmem
dfsfcmtmk jm`k amjml
lflofr
lflofr`dm
`dmk
k tfrmp`
tfrmp` (l`s.
(l`s.
tfrmp`s ndupms`, mcj`
 pmtnjne` o`bmrm, amk mcj`
e`z`
z`)) amjml lfkemtur 
 prnerml rfcmo`j`tms`
 pms`fk.
?. A`shukes` Rftfjmc a`jmdudmk Afh`k`s`
Lnt`j`tms `ktfrvfks` Lfky`mpdmk
Lfky`mpdmk amk lflofr`dmk
lflofr`dmk
Emstrn`ktfst`kmj df
dfpf
pfrmw
rmwmtm
mtmk
k sf
sfjm
jmlm
lm kutr`s` lfjmju` sfjmke
 o/a msupmk 2x du
duki
kiuk
ukem
emk,
k, lmdm
lmdm emstrn`ktfst`kmj
fktfrmj (A.77?=) lnt`j`tms Q`kamdmk
emstrn`ktfst`kmj Nosfrvms` 9
lflom`d afkemk - Wfr`dsm pns`s` kmsnemstr`b
dr`tfr` cms`j 9 ruof (KEQ) afkemk
  Kyfr` lfkuruk lflfr`dsm rfs`au

 Drml
Drml moan
moanlf
lfk
k jmlouke mtmu

lfkuruk lfkemusdujtms` cflousmk

 Lumj lfkuruk uamrm

- Lnk`tnr
Lnk`tnr tftfsmk lmdmkmk

==
 

 Luktmc lfkuruk  pmam pnlpm sft`mp iml

 _feureutms` - Lnk`tnr rmsm pmkuc, lumj,

lfkuruk amk luktmc

 A`stfks` - Lnk`tn
Lnk`tnrr rfs`au
rfs`au jmlouk
jmlouke
e
sft`mp 1-8 iml sfjmlm ?1
moanlfk
lfkuruk  iml pfrtmlm, dflua`mk

 A`mrf lfkuruk t`mp 3 iml sfjmlm

Rumrm
Rumrm pfr`st
pfr`stmjt`
mjt`bb  pflofr`mk lmdmk v`m


lfk`kedmt ftfrmj, i`dm pfrju

- Lnk`
Lnk`tn
tnrr pn
pnjm
jm ou
oumk
mke
e m`
m`r 
r 
 Wfkensnkemk
 ofsmr sft`mp 1-3 iml, i`dm
jmlouke
 pfrju
lfkuruk
Qfrmpfut`d 9
 _mtus lfk`kedmt
- Eukm
Eukmdm
dmk
k tf
tfdk
dk`d
`d of
ofrs
rs`c
`c
amjml pfrkofr`mk
lmdmkmk v`m sfjmke
- Ofr`dmk jmkam pmam sfjmke
uk
uktu
tud
d lflp
lflpfrt
frtmc
mcmk
mkdm
dmk
k
jndms` ymke tfpmt
- Q`kee`
Q`kee`dmk
dmk dfpmjm
dfpmjm tflpmt
tflpmt
t`aur 27-16 afrmimt sfjmlm
 pflofr`mk lmdmk
- Vdur rfs`au sfofjul
 pflofr`mk lmdmk
- Wfjud
Wfjud amk o`bmrm
o`bmrm afkemk
afkemk
 omy` sfjmlm a`ofr`dmk
lmdmk uktud  
lfks
lfkst`
t`lu
lujm
jms`
s` md
mdt`
t`v`
v`tm
tmss
lmdmk
- @r`ems`
@r`ems` sfjmke
sfjmke afkemk
afkemk 27
lj m`r sft`mp 1-8 iml
sfjmlm pflofr`mk lmdmk

=?
 

am
amk
k sf
sftf
tfjm
jmc
c pf
pfl
lofr`
ofr`mk
mk
lmdmk `ktfrl`tfk
- C`kamr` pflofr`mk
lmdm
lmdmkm
kmk
k jf
jfwm
wmtt sf
sfjmk
jmke
e =
 iml sfofjul prnsfaur 
mtmu pfl`kamcmk pms`fk
- C`kamr` pflofr`mk
lmdmkmk i`dm rfs`au jfo`c
amr` =67 bb mtmu jfo`c amr`
==7%-=
==7%-=?7%
?7% amr`
amr` iuljmc
iuljmc
lmdmkmk t`mp iml
 Faudms` 9
- Ifjmsdmk tuiumk amk
jmkedmc-jmkedmc prnsfaur 
 Dnjmonrms` 9
- Dnjmon
Dnjmonrms`
rms` pflfr`
pflfr`dsm
dsmmk
mk
s`kmr S uktud dnkh`rlms`
 pns`s` sfjmke, i`dm pfrju
- Dnjm
Dnjmon
onrm
rms`
s` pfl`j
fl`j`c
`cmk
mk
 ifk`s amk iurkjmc lmdmk
fktfrmj.
2. Ofrmt Omamk Rftfjmc a`jmdudmk Afh`k`s`
Jfo`c (A.77=3) `ktfrvfks` Lfke
Lfkemi
mimr
mrdm
dmk
k iu
iulj
ljmc
mc,, if
ifk`
k`s,
s,
df
dfpf
pfrmw
rmwmtm
mtmk
k sf
sfjmlm am
jmlm amk
k im
imaw
awmj
mj ms
msup
upmk
mk lmdm
lmdmkm
kmk
k
2x du
duki
kiuk
ukem
emk,
k, ofrmt ymke a`prnemldmk
ofrmt
 omamk ofrjfo`c Q`kamdmk
lflom`d, afkemk Nosfrvms` 9
dr`tfr`m cms`j 9 - @afkt`
@afkt`h`d
h`dms`
ms` dflmlp
dflmlpumk
umk
 Ofrmt omamk  pms`fk amk dfjumrem
lflom`d  lfkfr`lm `khnrlms`
 Qfomj j`pmtmk - @afkt`h`dms` t`kedmt
duj`t sfamke  pfkeftmcmumk smmt `k`

=2
 

 @kafds lmssm - @a
@afk
fkt`
t`h`
h`dm
dms`
s` df
dfo`
o`ms
msmm
mmk
k
tuouc sfamke  pnjm lmdmk smmt `k` amk
lmsm jmju
- @afkt`
@afkt`h`d
h`dms`
ms` pfrsfp
pfrsfps`
s` amk

dfj
fjum
umre
remm tf
tfkt
ktmk
mke
e a`f
`ftt
ymke a`prnermldmk
- @afkt`h`dms`
@afkt`h`dms` dftfromtmsmk
dftfromtmsmk
h`kfks`mj uktud  
lfkyfa`mdmk lmdmkmk
Qfrmpfut`d 9
- Wfrs`mpdmk lftfr`, lfa`m
, amk mjmt pfrmem
- Im
Ima
awmjd
wmjdmk
mk wmdt
wmdtu
u ym
ymke
ke

tfpmt uktud
tfpmt uktud lflofr
lflofr`dm
`dmk
k
 pfka`a`dmk dfsfcmtmk
- Ofr`dmk dfsflpmtmk
 pms`fk amk dfjumrem
 ofrtmkym
- Rfa`mdmk
Rfa`mdmk rfkbmkm
rfkbmkm lmdmk
tfrtuj`s, i`dm pfrju
 Faudms` 9
- Ifjmsdmk tuiumk

dfoutucmk
dfoutucmk a`ft
a`ft tfrcmam
tfrcmamp
p
dfsfcmtmk
- @k
@khn
hnrl
rlms`
ms`dm
dmk
k lmdm
lmdmkm
kmk
k
ymke
ymke a`pfro
a`pfronjf
njfcdm
cdmk
k amk
a`jmrmke
- @khnrlms`dmk
df
dflu
luke
ked`
d`km
kmk
k `k
`ktf
tfrd
rds`
s`
nomt amk lmdmkmk , i`dm
 pfrju

- Mkiurdmk

=1
 

lflpfr
lflpfrtmc
tmcmkd
mkdmk
mk pn
pns`s`
s`s`
sfl` Hnwjfr (27-17
afrmimt)
afrmimt) 7-7lfk`t
7-7lfk`t sftfjmc
lmdmk
- Mkiurdmk lfkeemk
mktt`
lmdm
lmdmkm
kmk
k sf
sfsu
sum`
m` af
afke
kemk
mk
a`ft ymke a`prnermldmk
- Mkiurdmk lfj
fjmmdudmk
njmcrmem sfsum` tnjfrmks`
- Mi
Mimr
mrdm
dmk
k bm
bmrm
rm lflo
lflombm
mbm
jmofj amk lfl`j`c
lmdmkmk ymke sfsum`
- Mimrdmk bmrm

lfrfkbmk
lfrfk bmkdm
dmkk lmdm
lmdmkm
kmk
k
ymke sfsum` prnerml
- _fdn
_fdnlf
lfka
kams`
ms`dm
dmk
k rf
rfsfp
sfp
lmdmkmk ymke sfsum
sum`
afkemk a`ft, i`dm pfrju
 Dnjmonrms` 9
- _uiu
_uiud
d df mc
mcj`
j` e`
e`z`
z` am
amk
k
sfrtm
sfrtmdm
dmk
k df
dfju
jumre
mrem,
m, i`dm
i`dm
 pfrju
1. A`mrf (A.77?7) Rftfjmc a`jmdudmk Afh`k`s`
`ktfrvfks` Lfke`afkt`h`dms` amk
df
dfpf
pfrmw
rmwmtm
mtmk
k sf
sfjm
jmlm
lm lfk
lfkuru
urukdm
kdmk
k rfs`dn
rfs`dn tfrsfrmk
tfrsfrmke
e
2x du
duki
kiuk
ukem
emk,
k, lmdm
lmdm nremk`slf pmtnefk`d 
a`mrf lfkuruk afkemk Q`kamdmk
dr`tfr`m cms`j 9 Nosfrvms` 9
 Hukes` - Lnk`tnr tmkam amk efimjm
emstrn`ktfst`kmj `khfds` jndmj amk
lfk`kedmt s`stflmt`d 
 Dfsf`lomkemk Qfrmpfut`d 9

=6
 

bm`rmk lfk`kedmt - Omtms` iuljmc

 Dfsf`lomkemk  pfkeukiuke
fjfdtrnj`t - Ofr`dm
Ofr`dmk
k pfrmwmt
pfrmwmtmk
mk duj`t
duj`t
lfk`kedmt  pmam mrfm faflm
 -
Dnkt`kfks`m hfdmj Bub` tmkemk sfofjul amk
lfkuruk sfsua
sfsuamc
mc dn
dnkt
ktmd
md af
afke
kemk
mk
 Lnt`j`tms  pms`fk amk j`kedukemk
emstrn`ktfst`kmj  pms`fk
lfk`kedmt - Wfrtmcmkdmk tfdk`d  
 Rtmtus bm`rmk msfpt`d pmam pms`fk
lfkuruk  ofr`s`dn t`kee`
 Q`ke
Q`kedm
dmtt `k
`khfds``  Faudms` 9
hfds
lfkuruk - Ifjmsdm
Ifjmsdmk
k tmkam
tmkam amk efijm
efijm


Q`kedmt kyfr` `khfds`
lfkuruk - Mimr
Mimrdm
dmkk bm
bmrm
rm lfk
fkbu
bub`
b`
tmkemk afkemk ofkmr 
- Mimrdmk ft`dm omtud 

- Mimrdmk bmrm lflfr`dmsm

dn
dnka
ka`s
`s`` ju
judm
dm mt
mtmu
mu ju
judm
dm
npfrms`
- Mi
Mimr
mrdm
dmk
k lfk`
lfk`ke
kedm
dmtd
tdmk
mk
msupmk kutr`s`

- Mkiurd
Mkiurdmk
mk lfk`ke
lfk`kedmt
dmtdmk
dmk
msupmk bm`rmk
 Dnjmonrms` 9
- Dnjm
Dnjmon
onrm
rms`
s` pf
pflo
lofr
fr`m
`mk
k
`luk`sms`, i`dm pfrju
3. @lpjflfktms` Dfpfrmwmtmk
Dfpfrmwmtmk
@lpjfl
@lpjflfkt
fktms`
ms` lfrup
lfrupmdm
mdmk
k sumtu
sumtu prnsfs
prnsfs dfpfrm
dfpfrmwmt
wmtmk
mk ymke
ymke a`jmdu
a`jmdudmk
dmk
sftfjmc pfrfkbmkmmk
pfrfkbmkmmk dfpfrmwmtmk
dfpfrmwmtmk.. @lpjflfktms`
@lpjflfktms` dfpfrmwmtmk
dfpfrmwmtmk mamjmc
jmkedmc
jmkedmc dfflpmt
dfflpmt amr` prnsfs dfpfrmwmtmk
dfpfrmwmtmk ymke tfjmc a`rfkbmkmdmk
a`rfkbmkmdmk njfc

 pfrmwmt uktud lflomktu pms`fk ymke ofrtuiumk lfkbfemc, lfkeurmke`,

=8
 

amk lfkec`jmke
lfkec`jmkedmk
dmk amlpmd
amlpmd mtmupuk
mtmupuk rfspnk ymke ampmt a`t`loujdmk
a`t`loujdmk njfc
mamkym lmsmjmc dfpfrmwmtmk sfrtm dfsfcmtmk. @lpjflfktms` dfpfrmwmtmk
lfloutucdmk hjfds`o`j`tms amk drfmt`v`tms pfrmwmt

0. Fvmjums` dfpfrmwmtmk
dfpfrmwmtmk
Fvmju
mjums
ms`` dfp
dfpfr
frmw
mwmt
mtmk
mk lfru
lfrupm
pmdm
dmk
k tm
tmc
cmp dfj
fj`l
`lmm mt
mtmu
mu prn
rnsf
sfss
dfpfrmwmtmk tfrmdc`r ymke ofrupmym uktud lflomka`kedmk t`kamdmk ymke
suamc a`jmdudmk
a`jmdudmk afkemk
afkemk dr`tfr`m
dr`tfr`m cms`j ymke suamc a`tfktudmk.
a`tfktudmk. Fvmjums`
Fvmjums`
dfpfrmwmtmk
dfpfrmwmtmk ofrtuiumk
ofrtuiumk lfkfktudmk
lfkfktudmk mpmdmc
mpmdmc sfjuruc
sfjuruc prnsfs
prnsfs dfpfrmwmtmk
dfpfrmwmtmk
suamc ofrimjmk afkemk om`d amk t`kamdmk ofrcms`j afkemk om`d . Fvmjums`
ymke a`cmrmpdmk amjml pflfkucmk dfoutucmk rmsm kymlmk mamjmc ampmt
lfkenk
lfkenktrn
trnjj tfrcma
tfrcmamp
mp mamkym
mamkym efimjm,
efimjm, lfkymt
lfkymtmdm
mdmk
k rmsm ky
kymlm
mlmk,
k, t`amd 
t`amd 
mamkym lumj.

AMHQM_ WVRQMDM

=5
 

WWK@. Rtmkamr A`mekns`s Dfpfrmwmtmk @kankfs`m 9 Afh`k`s` amk

@ka`dmtnr A`mekns`s, Fa`s` @ . Imdmrtm 9 AWW WWK@. ?7=5

WWK@. Rtmkamr @ktfrvfks` Dfpfrmwmtmk @kankfs`m 9 Afh`k`s` amk

Q`kamdmk Dfpfrmwmtmk , Fa`s` @. Imdmrtm 9 AWW WWK@. ?7=3

WWK@. Rtmkamr Jumrmk Dfpfrmwmtmk @kankfs`m 9 Afh`k`s` amk

Dr`tfr`m cms`j Dfpfrmwmtmk, Fa`s` @. Imdmrtm 9 AWW WWK@.
?7=3

_`kau Puj`mk. ?7=1. Jmpnrmk Wfkamcujumk Dfoutucmk Kutr`s`. cttps9//`a.

sbr`oa.bnl/anbulfkt/121178588/JW-Kutr`s`-anbx.. =? imkumr`
sbr`oa.bnl/anbulfkt/121178588/JW-Kutr`s`-anbx
?7?=
Q`amd a`dftmcu`. Qmcuk(-). Msucmk dfpfrmwmtmk Dfoutucmk Kutr`s`.
cttps9//`a. sbr`oa.bnl/anbulfkt/2=6=2
sbr`oa.bnl/anbulfkt/2=6=266?1/Msucmk-
66?1/Msucmk-
dfpfrmwmtmk-dfoutucmk-kutr`s`-anbx.. =? imkumr` ?7?=
dfpfrmwmtmk-dfoutucmk-kutr`s`-anbx

=3