JMH@TKCKGA

0. W`na
W`nat`
t` 5< t`ju
t`jun
n dmng
dmng`n`n raw`
raw`y`
y`tt hmr`
hmr`s`
s` cmc`
cmc`j
j smo`
smo`i
i 0 hang
hanggu
gu tmr`
tmr`ij
ijar
ar..
Rmnd
Rmnd`r`
`r`j`
j`n
n hmns
hmnstru
tru`sa
`sa tmc`j
tmc`j fmrc
fmrc`ng
`ngsu
sung
ng smc`h
smc`h` ` 02 j`ra
j`ra d`n
d`n hmng
hmng`c`
`c`ha
ha
pmrd`r`j`n p`d` s``t hmnyai`t gaga. Umj`ra smfmcuhny` a` hmng`c`ha dmh`h.
Rmhmrais``n hmnunoui`n 9

Jf ? 7,1 g/dc
Cmiksat ? =2 rafu/hh5
Trkhfksat ? 00 rafu/hh5
Umda`n `pus d`r`j
d`r`j ? hmhpmrcaj`ti`n
hmhpmrcaj`ti`n smc fc`s fmrgr`n
fmrgr`nuc`
uc` i`s`r d`n datmhui`n
datmhui`n
f`t`ng `umr.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
D`ra pmrny`t``n da `t`s imhungian`n cmuimha`ny` `d`c`j
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. @HC ― H0
F. @CC (C0,C6,C5)
E. @HC - H5
D. @HC ( H4, H<)
M. CIG

6. Imtad
Imtad`i
`i smsu
smsu`an
`an j`sac
j`sac c`f
c`fkr
kr`tk
`tkrau
rauh
h dmng
dmng`n
`n icanas
icanas d`c`h
d`c`h pmng
pmnggun
gun``
``n
n hmtkd
hmtkdm
m
ktkh`tai jmh`tkckga smrang tmro`da s`c`j s`tuny` imcmfaj`n `ntaik`guc`n.
Imcmfaj`n
Imcmfaj` n `ntaik`
`ntaik`guc`
guc`n
n d`p`t
d`p`t hmnymf`
hmnymf`fi`
fi`n
n imtad`i
imtad`i smsu`an
smsu`an j`sac
j`sac smf`g`
smf`g`aa
fmraiut, imeu`ca ....
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. mratrksat hmngimrut
hmngimrut
F. pmn
pmnurun`
un`n nac`a
ac`a jmh`t
h`tkir
kirat d`n HE\
E. pmnangi`t`n nac`a RE\
D. pmnangi`t`n nac`a HEJE
M. pmnurun`n n
naa`c HE\

5. Rmrn
Rmrny`
y`t`
t``n
`n y`ng
y`ng fmn`
fmn`rr tmnt
tmnt`n
`ng
g hmtk
hmtkdm
dm ktkh
ktkh`t
`tai
ai hmng
hmnggu
gun`
n`i`
i`n
n pran
pransa
sap
p
Mcmetrae`c Ahpmd`nem.
 

JMH@TKCKGA

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Da f`w`j ana pransap Mcmetrae`c Ahpmnd`nem, imeuc`a .....
@. pmny
pmnymf
mf`r
`r`n
`n imdm
imdmp`
p`n
n hmn
hmnun
unoouii`
uii`n
n uiu
uiur`
r`n
n smc
smc
F. fmrd
fmrd`s `s`r
`r p`d
p`d`` pmna
pmnan
ngi`t
gi`t`n
`n t`j
t`j`n
`n`n
`n i
imt
mtai
ai`
` smc
smc d`r`
d`r`j
j hmcm
hmcmw`
w`ta
ta su`
su`tu
tu
hmd`n castrai p`d` emc`j y`ng smhpat
E. ouhc`j pucs` smsu`a ou
ouhc`j sm
smc
D. `hp
`hpcat
catudk pucs`
cs` sms
smsu`a vkcuh
kcuhm
m smc
M. Tmrf
Tmrf`g
`gaa una
unat-
t-un
unat
at WFE,
WFE, Jf 8 lkt
lktkh
khmt
mtmr
mr,, VFE
VFE + Rc`
Rc`tm
tmcm
cmtt

4. Imtad
Imtad`i
`i smsu
smsu`an
`an j`sac
j`sac c`f
c`fkr
kr`tk
`tkrau
rauh
h dmng
dmng`n
`n icanas
icanas d`c`h
d`c`h pmng
pmnggun
gun``
``n
n hmtkd
hmtkdm
m
ktkh`tai jmh`tkckga smrang tmro`da.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
L`itk
L`itkrr y`ng
y`ng hmnym
hmnymf`
f`fi`
fi`n
n imtad
imtad`i
`i smsu
smsu`an
`an j`sac
j`sac c`fk
c`fkr`t
r`tkr
krauh
auh dng`n
dng`n icana
icanas
s

smf`g`a fmraiut, imeu`ca ....

Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. Irakgcufaan
Irakgcufaan
F. jmhkgckfan E
E. psmudktrkhfkpmna`
D. `nmha` jmhkcatai `utkahun
M. hmtkdm pmhmrais``n

=. Rm
W`na
W`nd`r`
nat`
Rmnd t` 5<n t`ju
`r`j`
j`n t`jun
n tru`sa
hmns
hm dmng
dm`sa
nstru ng`n
`n raw`
raw`y`
tmc`j
tmc`j y`t
t`ngsu
fmrc
fm hmr`
hm
rc`ng r`s`
s` smc`h
sung
ng cmc`
cmc`h`
sm c`j
j `smo`
sm02
o`i
i j`ra
0ra hang
j` hanggu
d`n
d` n gu
hmtmr`
tm
hmngr`ij
ijar
ng`c` ar..
`c`ha
ha
pmrd`r`j`n p`d` s``t hmnyai`t gaga. Umj`ra smfmcuhny` a` hmng`c`ha dmh`h.
Rmhmrais``n hmnunoui`n 9
Jf ? 7,1 g/dc
Cmiksat ? =2 rafu/hh5
Trkhfksat ? 00 rafu/hh5
Umda`n `pus d`r`j ? hmhpmrcaj`ti`n smc fc`s fmrgr`nuc` i`s`r d`n datmhui`n
f`t`ng `umr.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
D`ra sk`c da `t`s h`n`i`j y`ng hmnymf`fi`n tmro`dany` ik`guc`sa `fnkrh`c ...
 

JMH@TKCKGA

Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. `umr rkd
F. gr`nuc` tkisai
E. Mratrkpkamtan

D. dml. \at.I.
M. Rmrkisad`sa N@R (+)

<. Umkr`ng
Umkr`ng `n`cas
`n`cas `t`s pmrhant``n
pmrhant``n dkitmr
dkitmr hmc`iui`
hmc`iui`n
n pmhmrai
pmhmrais``
s``n
n j`pus`
j`pus`n
n d`r`j
d`r`j
tmrj`d`p p`samn pmndmrat` dmh`h fmrd`r`j d`n smtmc`j dapmrais` j`pus`nny`
smf`ga`n `d` y`ng fmrcuf`ng /cmp`s smf`ga`n d`r`jny` p`d` smda`n `pus d`ra
i`e` kfomi .
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Cmp`sny` smda`n d`r`j d`ra i`e` kfomi d`p`t dasmf`fi`n ...

Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. smda`n tmrc`cu
tmrc`cu tmf`c
tmf`c
F. pJ fullmr `ci`cas
E. dapuc`s tmrc`cu c`h`
D. tm
tmttms`
ms`n pmrt`
rt`h` dap`
ap`i`a
i`a pm
pmhmr
mrai
ais
s.
M. lais`sa tm
tmrc`cu c`h`.

7. Umkr`ng
Umkr`ng `n`cas
`n`cas `t`s pmrhant``n
pmrhant``n dkitmr
dkitmr hmc`iui`
hmc`iui`n
n pmhmrai
pmhmrais``
s``nn j`pus`
j`pus`nn d`r`j
d`r`j
tmrj`d`p
tmrj`d`p p`samn
p`samn pmndmra
pmndmrat`
t` dmh`h
dmh`h fmrd`r`
fmrd`r`j
j d`n smtmc`j
smtmc`j dapmrais
dapmrais`
` j`pus`n
j`pus`n
d`r`j
d`r` j smf`
smf`ga
ga`n
`n smc
smc d`r`
d`r`j
j rus`
rus`i
i `iaf
`iaf`t
`t j`p`
j`p`su
sun
n y`ng
y`ng tad
tad`i smgm
smgmr`
r`
daimrang`i`n..
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Rrmp`r`tt j`pus`n
Rrmp`r` j`pus`n d`r`j
d`r`j y`ng
y`ng tad`i
tad`i smgmr`
smgmr` daimrang
daimrangi`n
i`n `i`n
`i`n hmnymf`f
hmnymf`fi`n
i`n
tmro`dany` ...
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?

@. imrus`i`n mratrksat
F. mrat.fmrw`rn` faru
E. anta smc fmrw`rn` faru
 

JMH@TKCKGA

D. irkh`tan d`
d`n anta c`
c`srut
M. imrus`i`n smc cm
cmikast

:. Umkr`ng `n`cas p`d`

p`d` s``t
s``t pmng`hfac`n
pmng`hfac`n d`r`j
d`r`j tmpa p`d`
p`d` p`samn
p`samn gmhui smjangg`
smjangg`
`n`cas imsucat`n p`d` s``t hmng`hfac d`r`j d`n fmr`iaf`tny` pmhfmndung`n
tmrcu c`h`. sk`c?
Rmrt`ny``n
Hmngm
Hmn gmn`i
n`i`n
`n pmhfm
pmhfmndu
ndung
ng`n
`n tmrc`c
tmrc`cu
u c`h`
c`h` p`d`
p`d` pmng`h
pmng`hfa
fac`n
c`n d`r`
d`r`j
j vmn`
vmn`
hmng`iaf`ti`n …
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. jmhkcasas
F. vkcuhm fm
fmriur`ng
E. jmhkda`casas
D. jmhkiknsmntr`sa
M. smc pme`j

1. Umkr
kr`
`ng `n`cas
cas hmc`i
c`iui`n
i`n pmhmr
hmrais
ais``n jmhkgck
kgckf
fan dmng`n
g`n hmtk
mtkdm
sa`nhmtjmhkgckfan.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Fac` dad`p`ti`n
dad`p`ti`n i`d`r Jf 05,:
05,: gr% smd`ngi`
smd`ngi`nn l`etkr
l`etkr p`d`
p`d` rm`gmn
rm`gmn Dr`fian
Dr`fian
daimt`jua 56,7 , h`i` j`sac p`d` spmitrklktkhmtmr `d`c`j
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. 2,42
F. 2,40
E. 2,46
D. 2,45
M. 2,44

02.Umkr`ng `n`cas hmc`iui`n pmhmrais``n c`ou mnd`p`n d`r`j dmng`n hmtkdm

Wmstmrgrmmn
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
J`c-j`c y`ng pmrcu dapmrj`tai`n d`c`h pmhmrais``n CMD `d`c`j ...
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. pmn`hp`ng
pmn`hp`ng papmt
F. `ntaik`guc`n
E. suju ru`ng`n
D. e`r` hmhmpmt
M. Rksasa papmt
00.Umkr`ng `n`cas hmc`iui`n pmhmrais``n c`ou mnd`p`n d`r`j dmng`n hmtkdm
Wmstmrgrmmn dmng`n
hmnggun`i`n `ntaik`guc`n MDT@.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
E`hpu
E` hpur`n
dad`c`hr`n d`r`j
d`r`j tmrsmfut
e`hpur`n MDT
MDT@@ d`n
d``d`c`j
n N`Ec
N`Ec...2,1
2,1%
% 0,6
0,6 hc, h`i`
h`i` ouhc`
ouhc`j
j N`Ec
N`Ec 2,1%
2,1%
 

JMH@TKCKGA

Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. 2.6 hc
F. 2,64 hc
E. 2,5 hc
D. 2,54 hc
M. 2,5< hc

06.Umkr`ng dkitmr hmndug` tmrj`d`p p`samn y`ng hmng`r`j hmndmrat` `nmha`

jmhkcatai d`n `n`cas
hmc`iui`n pmhmrais``n mv`cu`sa d`r`j tmpa dmng`n hmnmhui`n smc mratrksat.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Mratr
Mratrksa
ksa yg f`ga`
f`ga`nn tmng
tmng`jn
`jny`
y` hmng`
hmng`c`h
c`haa pmnmf
pmnmf`c
`c`n,
`n, ihd
ihd pue`
pue`tt imhud
imhuda`n a`n
hmnmf`c imhf`ca dapanggarny` ..
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
@. t`rgmt emcc
F. mcmptksat
E. Furr emcc
D. smc fuc`n s`fat
M. h`c`ra`

05.Umkr`ng
05.Umkr` ng `n`c
`n`cas
as p`d`
p`d` s``t
s``t hmc`iu
hmc`iui`
i`nn pmhmr
pmhmrais
ais``
``nn j`pus
j`pus`n`n d`r`
d`r`j
j tmpa
tmpa
datmh
datmhui
ui`n
`n smc nmutrk
nmutrkpac
pac y`ng
y`ng hmhaca
hmhacaia
ia hkrpk
hkrpkckg
ckgaa tad`i
tad`i smsu`a
smsu`a dmng`n
dmng`n smc
smc
nkrh`c .
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Da
Dad`c
d`c`h
`h satkp
satkpc`s
c`sh`
h` nmtrk
nmtrkpja
pjaca`
ca` datmhu
datmhui`
i`n
n `d`n
`d`ny`
y` v`eu
v`eukca
kcaz`
z`tak
takn.
n. J`c
J`c ana
dasmf`fi`n kcmj ...
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
@. anlmisa f`itmra
F. imr`eu`n`n Rf
E. anlmisa p
p``r`sat/h`c`ra`
D. `sh`
M. Tufmrekcasas

04.Umkr`ng
04.Umkr` ng `n`c
`n`cas
as p`d`
p`d` s``t
s``t hmc`iu
hmc`iui`
i`n
n pmhmr
pmhmrais ais``
``n
n j`pus
j`pus`n
`n d`r`
d`r`jj tmpa
tmpa
datmhui`n smc omnas cmiksat.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Fac` pmhmrais``n `pus`n d`r`j dad`p`ti`n F80 / M800 / N.F8= / N.U8<2 / C862 /
H85 . D`ra j`sac tmrsmfut imhungian`n hmndmrat` ...
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. anlmisa s`cur`n
s`cur`n n`p`s
n`p`s
F. `sh` frkneja`cm
E. typus `f
`fdkhan`cas
D. tufmreucksas
M. GK
 

JMH@TKCKGA

0=.Umkr`ng `n`cas `t`s pmrhant``n dkitmr smd`ng hmc`iui`n pmhmrais``n d`r`j

rutan tmrj`d`p p`r`hmtmr jmh`tkckga d`c`h hmnda`gnksas su`tu pmny`iat.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
D`c`h
D`c` h hmnmg`ii
hmnmg`ii`n
`n da`gnk
da`gnks`
s` su`tu
su`tu pmny`iat
pmny`iat,, j`sac
j`sac pmhmrais
pmhmrais``n
``n d`r`j
d`r`j rutan
rutan
fmrlungsa smf`g`a ...
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?

 @.
F. hmne`ra
hmne
hmne``ra sj`c-j`c
jm
`c-j`c
c-smc dy`ng
c-s y`ngj`fnkrh`c
`r`j
r` `fnk
y`ngrh`c
y`n rus`
us`i
E. pmn
pmnmntu`n
u`n pm pmngk
ngkf`t`n f`ga`ga pmn
pmndmrat`
rat`
D. tm
tms
s s`r
s`raang `w`c
`w`c uti
uti pmh
pmhmrmraais``
is``n
n c`n
c`nouout`
t`n
n
M. pmnmntu`n da`gnksas pm pmny`iat

0<.. W`na
0< W`nat`
t` 5< t`ju
t`junn dmng
dmng`n
`n raw`
raw`y`
y`tt hmr`
hmr`s`
s` cmc`
cmc`j
j sm
smo`
o`i
i 0 hahang
nggu
gu tmr`
tmr`ij
ijar
ar..
Rmnd
Rm nd`r`
`r`j`
j`n
n hmns
hmnstru
tru`sa
`sa tmc`j
tmc`j fmrc
fmrc`ng
`ngsu
sung
ng smc`h
smc`h` ` 02 j`ra
j`ra d`n
d`n hmng
hmng`c`
`c`ha
ha
pmrd`r`j`n p`d` s``t hmnyai`t gaga. Umj`ra smfmcuhny` a` hmng`c`ha dmh`h.
Rmhmrais``n hmnunoui`n 9
Jf ? 7,1 g/dc
Cmiksat ? =2 rafu/hh5
Trkhfksat ? 00 rafu/hh5
Umda`n `pus
`pus d`r`j ? hmhpmrcaj`ti`n
hmhpmrcaj`ti`n smc fc`s fmrgr`nuc`
fmrgr`nuc` i`s`r
i`s`r d`n datmhui`n
datmhui`n
f`t`ng `umr.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
D`ra pmrny`t``n da `t`s imhungian`n cmuimha`ny` `d`c`j ..
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. @HC ― H0
F. @CC (C0,C6,C5)
E. @HC - H5
D. @HC ( H4, H<)
M. CIG

07.Rmhmrais
07. Rmhmrais``n
``n s`hpmc
s`hpmc fmrup` d`r`j
d`r`j tad`i casas
casas y`ng da`hfac
da`hfac d`ra smkr`ng
smkr`ng `n`i
`n`i
pmrmhpu`n, usa` 02 t`jun dmng`n gmo`c` n`lsu h`i`n iur`ng, sui` ng`ntui,
p`d` w`itu h`c`h cuf`ng `nus g`t`c, pmrut `g`i funemt iarah kcmj dkitmr untui
dac`iui`n pmhmrais``n j`pus`n d`r`j. J`sac pmhmrais``n j`pus`n d`r`jw`rn`
pue`tt ]iur`n
pue` ]iur`n smd`ng-c
smd`ng-cu`s
u`s tdp gr`nuc`
gr`nuc` fms`r hmr`j,
hmr`j, tad`i
tad`i hmnutup
hmnutupaa anta d`n
fmrckfus.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Fmrd`s`ri`n eara-eara hkrlkckga smc tmrsmfut h`i` Umc `p` y`ng dah`isud
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. Cahpksat
F. F`sklac
E. Umghmn
D. Mksanklac
M. Ut`f
 

JMH@TKCKGA

0:.Rmhmrais``n s`hpmc
0:.Rmhmrais``n s`hpmc fmrup`
fmrup` d`r`j
d`r`j i`pacmr
i`pacmr y`ng
y`ng da`hfac d`ra
d`ra smk
smkr`n
r`ng
g `n`i
pmrmhpu`
pmrm hpu`n,
n, usa` 0= t`jun
t`jun y`ng hmndmrat`
hmndmrat` `nmha`d
`nmha`daiar
aiarah
ah kcmj dkitmr,
dkitmr, `t`s
pmrhant``n dkitmr dac`iui`n pmhmrais``n j`pus d`r`j tmpa untui hmnuno`ng
da`gnks
da`gnksas,
as, J`sac pmhmrais
pmhmrais``n
``n j`pus`n
j`pus`n d`r`j tmpa tmrj`d`
tmrj`d`p p p`samn
p`samn pmndmra
pmndmrat`
t`
`nmha` datmhui`n smc nmutrklac japmrsmghmnt`sa `t`u fmrckfus = `t`u cmfaj.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?

 @nmha` `p` y`ng dah`isud

`p`
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
@. Hmg`ckfc`stai
F. Dmlasamnsa fmsa
E. Dmlasamnsa `s`h lkc`t
D. Jmhkcatai
M. Tj`c`smha`

01.Rmhmrais
01. Rmhmrais``n``n fmrup`
fmrup` d`r`j d`ra smkr`ng
smkr`ng p`samn
p`samn c`ia-c`ia uhur
uhur 62 t`jun, `t`s
`t`s
pmrhan
pmrhant``
t``nn dkit
dkitmr
mr dac`i
dac`iui
ui`n
`n pmhmr
pmhmrais
ais``
``n
n j`pu
j`pus`
s`n
n d`r`j
d`r`j d`n
d`n datmh
datmhui`
ui`nn
nmutrklac smghmn dmng`n v`eukcas`ta`n
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @d`ny` v`eukcas`ta`n
v`eukcas`ta`n dasmf`fi`n
dasmf`fi`n kcmj;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. Rmw`rn``n
Rmw`rn``n omcmi
F. J`pus`n fm fmrcmh`i
E. Anlmisa f`itmra
D. Anlmisa varus
M. Lais`sa tmrc`cu c`h`

62.Rmhmrais``n fmrup`
62.Rmhmrais``n fmrup` d`r`j `t`s pmrhant
pmrhant``n
``n dkitmr
dkitmr dac`iui`
dac`iui`n
n pmhmrai
pmhmrais``
s``n
n
j`pus`
j`p us`n
n d`r`j
d`r`j tmrj`d
tmrj`d`p`p p`sam
p`samn
n pmnd
pmndmrmrat`
at` dmh`h
dmh`h fmrd`r
fmrd`r`j
`j d`n
d`n smtmc`
smtmc`j
j
dac`iui`n pmw`rn``n c`cu dapmrais` j`pus`nny` smf`ga`n `d` y`ng fmrcuf`ng
/cmp`s smf`ga`n d`r`jny` p`d` smda`n `pus d`ra i`e` kfomi .
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Cmp`sny` smda`n d`r`j d`ra i`e` kfomi d`p`t dasmf`fi`n ..
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. Umda``n tmrc`cu tmf`c
tmf`c
F. Rj fullmr `ci`cas
E. Dapuc`s tmrc`cu c`h`
D. Tmtms
tms`n pmr
pmrtt`h`
`h` dap
dap``i`a pm
pmhm
hmra
rais
is`
`
M. Lais`sa tmrc`cu c`h`

60.Rmhmrais``n c`fkr`t
60.Rmhmrais``n c`fkr`tkrau
kraun
n fmrup`
fmrup` s`hpmc
s`hpmc d`r`j
d`r`j y`ng da`hfac
da`hfac c`ngsu
c`ngsung
ng d`ra
p`samn c`ia-c`ia uhur 02 t`jun `t`s pmrhant``n dkitmr dac`iui`n pmhmrais``n
j`pus`n d`r`j tmrj`d`p p`samn y`ng hmndmrat` dmh`h fmrd`r`j d`n smtmc`j
dapmrais` j`pus`n
j`pus`n d`r`j
d`r`j smf`ga`n smc d`r`j
d`r`j rus`i `iaf`t
`iaf`t j`p`sun y`ng tad`i
tad`i
smgmr` daimrang`i`n..
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 

JMH@TKCKGA

Rrmp`r`tt j`pus`n
Rrmp`r` j`pus`n d`r`j
d`r`j y`ng
y`ng tad`i
tad`i smgmr`
smgmr` daimran
daimrangi`n
gi`n `i`n
`i`n hmnymf`
hmnymf`fi`n
fi`n
tmro`dany` ...
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
@. Imrus`i`n mratrksat
F. Mratrksat faru
E. Anta smc Fmrw`rn` faru

D
M.. I
Irmkrh
us``tian`n
d`snmcancmtauc`
ci`krustat

66.Rmhmrais``n s`hpmc fmrup`

66.Rmhmrais``n fmrup` d`r`j
d`r`j vmn`
vmn` y`ng
y`ng da`hfac
da`hfac c`ngsu
c`ngsung
ng d`ra
d`ra p`samn
p`samn
pmrmhpu`h
pmrmhpu` h uhur 52 t`jun y`ng dairah imc`fkr`tkrauh
imc`fkr`tkrauh `t`s pmrhant``n
pmrhant``n dkitmr,
p`d`
p`d ` s``t pmng`hf
pmng`hfac`n
ac`n d`r`j
d`r`j vmn`
vmn` p`d`
p`d` p`samn
p`samn gmhui
gmhui smjangg
smjangg`
` imsucat`
imsucat`n
n
p`d`
p`d ` s``t
s``t hmng`
hmng`hfa
hfacc d`r`j
d`r`j d`n
d`n pmh`s
pmh`s`n `ng`
g`n
n pmhfm
pmhfmnd ndun
ung`n
g`n cmfaj
cmfaj d`ra
d`ra 6
hmnat..
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Hmng
Hm ngmn
mn`i
`i`n
`n pmhf
pmhfmn
mndudung
ng`n
`n tmrc
tmrc`c
`cu
u c`h`
c`h` `t`u
`t`u cmfa
cmfaj
j d`ra
d`ra 6 hmna
hmnatt p`d`
p`d`
pmng`hfac`n d`r`j vmn` hmng`iaf`ti`n …
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. Jmhkcysas
F. \kcuhm fm
fmriur`ng
E. jmhkda`casas
D. jmhkiknsmntr`sa
M. smc pme`j

65.Rmhmrais``n s`hpmc d`r`j

65.Rmhmrais``n d`r`j fmrup`
fmrup` d`r`j
d`r`j MDT@
MDT@ y`ng
y`ng da`hfac
da`hfac c`ngsun
c`ngsung
g d`ra
d`ra
p`samn `n`i c`ia-c`ia
c`ia-c`ia usa` 6: t`jun y`ng
y`ng daiarah imc`fkr`tkrauh
imc`fkr`tkrauh `t`s pmrhant``n
pmrhant``n
dkit
dk itmr
mr dac`
dac`iu
iui`
i`nn pmhm
pmhmrarais
is``
``n
n i`d`
i`d`rr jmhk
jmhkgcgckf
kfan
an dmng
dmng`n
`n hmtk
hmtkdm
dm
sa`nhmtjmhkgckfan. Umtmc`j dauiur p`d` p`no`ng gmckhf`ng =42nh dad`p`ti`n
i`d`r Jmhkgckfan 05,2: gr% smd`ngi`n l`etkr p`d` rm`gmn Dr`fian daimt`jua
56,
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Fmrd`s`ri`n d`t` tmrsmfut da`t`s jatung fmr`p` smr`p`n p`d` spmitrklktkhmtmr
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
@. 2,42
F. 2,40
E. 2,46
D. 2,45
M. 2,44

64.Rmhmrais
64.Rmhmr ais``n
``n s`hpm
s`hpmcc d`r`j
d`r`j fmrup
fmrup`
` d`r`
d`r`j
j MDT@
MDT@ y`ng
y`ng da`hf
da`hfacac c`ns
c`nsung
ung d`ra
d`ra
p`samn `n`i c`ia-c`ia
c`ia-c`ia usa`0: t`jun
t`jun y`ng daiarah imc`fkr`tkrau
imc`fkr`tkrauh
h `t`s pmrhant``n
pmrhant``n
dkitmr dac`iui`n pmhmrais``n c`ou mnd`p`n d`r`j dmng`n hmtkdm Wmstmrgrmmn
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
J`c-j`c y`ng pmrcu dapmrj`tai`n d`c`h pmhmrais``n CMD `d`c`j
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. Rmn`hp`ng
Rmn`hp`ng papmt
 

JMH@TKCKGA

F. @ntaik`guc`n
E. Uuju ru`ng`n
D. E`r` hmhmpmt
M. Rksasa papmt

6=.Rmhmrais``n
6=.Rmhmrais``n s`hpmc
s`hpmc fmrup` d`r`j
d`r`j y`ng
y`ng da`hfac
da`hfac d`ra p`samn
p`samn c`ca-c`i
c`ca-c`ia,
a, usa` 56

t`jun
(+) y`ng dairah
Umkr`ng `n`cas imc`fkr`tkrauh
imc`fkr`tkrauh
hmc`iui`n `t`s `n
pmrhant``n
pmrhant``
pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais` n dkitmr.
dkn
c`ou mnd`p`n
mnd`p` itmr. J`sac
J`sac
d`r`j pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais
dmng`n ``n
hmtkdm
Wmstmrgrmmn dmng`nhmnggun`i`n `ntaik`guc`n MDT@.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
E`hpu
E` hpur`n
r`n d`r`j
d`r`j MDTMDT@@ d`n
d`n N`Ec
N`Ec 2,1
2,1%
% 0,6
0,6 hc, h`i`
h`i` ouhc`
ouhc`j
j N`Ec
N`Ec 2,1%
2,1%
dad`c`h e`hpur`n tmrsmfut `d`c`j ...
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. 2,6 hc
F. 2,64 hc
E. 2,5 hc
D. 2,54 hc
M. 2,5< hc

6<.Rmhmrais
6<. Rmhmrais``n
``n s`hpmc fmrup` d`r`j d`ra y`ng da`hfac d`ra p`samn c`ca-c`ia, usa` 5=
t`jun y`ng dairah imc`fkr`tkrauh
D`r`j y`ng da`hfac dae`hpur dmng`n `ntaik`guc`n imhuda`n dafu`t j`pus`n
d`r`j
d`r` j tmpad `n daw`rn`
daw`rn`aa dmng`n
dmng`n gamhs`,
gamhs`, p`d` s``t hmc`iui
hmc`iui`n
`n pmhmrais``
pmhmrais``n n
j`pus`n d`r`j tmpa datmhui`n smc nmutrkpac y`ng hmhacaia hkrpkckga tad`i smsu`a
dmng`n smc nkrh`c.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Da
Dad`c
d`c`h
`h satkp
satkpc`s
c`sh`
h` nmtrk
nmtrkpja
pjaca`
ca` datmhu
datmhui`
i`n
n `d`n
`d`ny`
y` v`eu
v`eukca
kcaz`
z`tak
takn.
n. J`c
J`c ana
dasmf`fi`n kcmj ...
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
@. Anlmisa f`itmra
F. Imr`eun`n Rf
E. Anlmisa p`r`sat/h`c`ra`
D. @sh`
M. Tufmriucksas

67.Rmhmrais``n s`hpmc fmrup` smruh y`ng da`hfac d`ra p`samn c`ca-c`ia, usa` 56
t`jun y`ng dairah imc`fkr`tkrauh
imc`fkr`tkrauh dmng`n imcuj`n tmrd`p`t fantai-fantai,
fantai-fantai, cmsa
iucat, d`n fkrki p`d`
p`d` `c`t imc`han fmrd`s`ri`n
fmrd`s`ri`n gmo`c` tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut dkitm
dkitmrr hmhant`
pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais` `n TRJ@ untui hmnuno`ng da`gnksm. J`sac pmhmrais``n (+) Imc`an`n
Imc`an`n
`nmha`
`nmh a` fas` dasmf`fi`
dasmf`fi`nn kcmj fmfmr`p`
fmfmr`p` l`itkr
l`itkr da`nt`r`ny`
da`nt`r`ny` ouhc`j,
ouhc`j, w`rn`,
w`rn`,
uiur`n d`n fmntui mratrksat smrt` fmnd`-fmnd` anicusa.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Q`ng tmrf`ny`i d`ra imc`an`n `nmha` p`d` p`asmn `nmha`, `d`c`j l`itkr ...

Racaj`nouhc`j
 @. O`w`f`n?
cmiksat
cmiksat
 

JMH@TKCKGA

F. ouhc`j mratrksat
E. Fmntui mratrksat
D. lkrh`sa rkucm`ux
M. uiur`n mratrksat

6:.Rmhmrais
6:. Rmhmrais``n
``n s`hpmc
s`hpmc fmrup` d`r`j y`ng da`hfac d`ra p`samn
p`samn pmrmhpu`n
pmrmhpu`n usa`

56 t`jun
t`jun y`ng
supmrlasa`cy`ng dairah
p`d` dairahd`n
iucat imc`fkr`tkrauh
imc`fkr`tkrauh mpatmc.
pmrhui``n `t`s da`gnks`
da`gnks` dkitmr
dkitmr tmro`da
tmro`da pmrd`r`j`
pmrd`r`j`n
n
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Tmro`dany` pmrd`r`j`n supmrlasa`c p`d` iucat d`n pmrhui``n mpatmc has`c p`d`
jadung d`n utmrus hmrup`i`n imc`a`n`n ...
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
@. ouhc`j trkhfksat iur`ng
F. v`siucmr
E. pmhfmiu`n
D. lungsa trkhfksat
M. trkhfksatksas

61.Rmhmrais
61. Rmhmrais``n
``n s`hpmc fmrup`d`r`j
fmrup`d`r`j y`ng da`hfac d`ra
d`ra p`samn pmrmhpu`n,
pmrmhpu`n, usa` 6=
t`jun y`ng dairah imc`fkr`tkrauh
imc`fkr`tkrauh kcmj dkitmr untuipmhmrais``n
untuipmhmrais``n j`pus`n d`r`j
tmpaa tm
tmp tmrj`
rj`d`
d`pp p`sa
p`samn
mn pmnd
pmndmra
mrat`
t``n
`nmha
mha`` untui
untui hmnuno
hmnuno`ng
`ng da`gn
da`gnks
ksm.
m. J`sac
J`sac
pmhmrai
pmhm rais``
s``nn J`pus`
J`pus`n n D`r`j
D`r`j Tmpa
Tmpa fmrup`
fmrup` mratrksa
mratrksatt y`ng
y`ng f`ga`n
f`ga`n tmng`jn
tmng`jny`y`
hmng`c`ha pmnmf`c`n, imhuda`n pue`t imhuda`n hmnmf`c imhf`ca dapanggarny`.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Fmrd
Fm rd`s
`s`r`ri`
i`n
n eara
eara hkrl
hkrlkc
kckg
kgaa smc
smc mrtr
mrtrks
ksat
at tmrs
tmrsmf
mfut
ut h`i`
h`i` omna
omnas
s smc
smc tmrs
tmrsmf
mfut
ut
`d`c`j ...... ...
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
@. t`rgmt smc
F. mcmptksat
E. tm`rdrkp emcc
D. furr emcc
M. smc fuc`n s`fat

52.Rmhmrais
52. Rmhmrais``n``n fmrup` d`r`j y`ng da`hfac d`ra p`samn c`ia-c`ia uhur 62 t`jun `t`s
pmrhant`
pmrh ant``n
`n dkitmr
dkitmr dac`iui
dac`iui`n
`n pmhmrais
pmhmrais``n
``n trkhfks
trkhfksat
at d`n j`sac
j`sac cmfaj
cmfaj d`ra
d`ra =22
rafu/hh5.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Ouhc`j trkhfksat y`ng cmfaj d`ra
d`ra =22 rafu/hh5 daouhp`a p`d` cmuimha`.
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. cmuimha` hknksatai
hknksatai irknai
F. cmuimha` cahpkad `iut
E. cmuimha` hymckad `iut
D. cmuimha` hymckad ir irknai
M. rm`isa cmikhkad
 

JMH@TKCKGA

50. Rmhmrais``n s`hpmc fmrup` d`r`j smruh y`ng da`hfac d`ra p`samn c`ia-c`ia, usa`
46 t`jun
t`jun y`ng
y`ng dairah
dairah imc`fkr`tkrauh
imc`fkr`tkrauh kcmj dkitmrunt
dkitmruntui
ui dac`iui`n
dac`iui`n pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n
andmi mratrksat, J`sac pmhmrais``n dapmrkcmj i`d`r jmhkgckfan 0= gr% , ouhc`j
mratrksat ? 4,= out`, RE\ ?4=%
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Fmrd`s`ri`n d`t` tmrsmfut da`t`s jatung fmr`p` i`d`r HEJ d`c`h d`r`j.

Racaj`n52,52pg
 @. O`w`f`n?
F. 52,55 pg
E. 55,65 pg
D. 55,55pg
M. 55,52pg

56.Rmhmrais``n s`hpmc fmrup` pc`sh` y`ng da`hfac d`ra p`samn pmrmhpu`n, usa`
66 t`jun y`ng daiarah
daiarah imc`fkr`tkrauh
imc`fkr`tkrauh kcmj dkitmr
dkitmr untui dac`iui`n pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n
l`
l``c
`c jmhk
jmhkst
st`s
`sas
as,, sm
smfm
fmcu
cuh
h dapm
dapmra
rais
is`
` ik`g
ik`guc
uc`s
`saa s`
s`hp
hpmcmc d`r`
d`r`j
j dat`
dat`hf
hf`j
`j
`ntaik`guc`n untui hmnd`p`ti`n s`hpmc fmrup` pc`s`h`.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
H`n`i`j da f`w`j ana y`ng hmrup`i`n `ntaik`guc`n pacaj`nuntui pmhmrais``n
ik`guc`sa
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. N`trauh kis`c`t
kis`c`t
F. MDT@
E. I`cauh kis`c`t
D. N`trauh eatr`tm
M. Jmp`ran

55. Rmhmrais``n s`hpmc d`r`j y`ng da`hfac d`ra d`r`j vmn` dmng`n hmnggun`i`n
`ntaik`guc`
`ntaik`g uc` MDT@
MDT@ p`d` p`samn
p`samn c`ia-c`ia
c`ia-c`ia uhur
uhur 6= t`jun
t`jun `t`s pmrhant``n
pmrhant``n dkitmr 
dac`iui`n
dac`iui` n pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n j`pus`n d`r`j
d`r`j tmpad `n jatung smc d`r`j hmnggun`i`n
hmnggun`i`n
jmh`tkckgy
jmh`tkckg y `n`cyzmr . J`sac pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n hmnunoui`n
hmnunoui`n `nmha` nkrhksatai
nkrhksatai tad`i
datmhui`n smc-smc fc`st, datmhui`n smc anicusa ouhc`j rmtaikcksat rmnd`j, ouhc`j
trkhfksat hmnurun..
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Fmrd`s`ri`n j`sac c c`fkr`tkrauh h`i` p`samn hmndmrat` `nmha`...............
`nmha`......... ......
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. dmlmsamnsa
dmlmsamnsa fmsa
F. `s`h lkc`t
E. jmhkcatai
D. @pc`stai
M. Uadmrkf`cstai

54.Rmhmrais``n s`hpmc
54.Rmhmrais``n s`hpmc d`r`j y`ng c`ngsung
c`ngsung da`hfac
da`hfac d`ra i`pacmr
i`pacmr p`d` p`samn
p`samn
w`nat`a, uhur 52 t`jun, dmng`n imcuj`n emp`t cmc`j, hui` pue`t smrang pusang .
 @t`s pmrhant``n
pmrhant``n dkitmr dac`iui`n
dac`iui`n pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n j`pus`n d`r`j J`sac
pmhmrais``n hmnunoui`n Mratrksat hairkstai japkirkh.
 

JMH@TKCKGA

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Mratr
Mratrksa
ksatt hairks
hairkstai
tai japki
japkirkh
rkh hmrup
hmrup`i
`i`n
`n hkrpkc
hkrpkckg
kgaa smc
smc d`r`j
d`r`j hmr`j
hmr`j y`ng
y`ng
dad`s`ri`n p`d` ...
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
@. w`rn` d`n uiur`n
F. w`rn` d`d`n fmntui

E
D.. f
um nrt`
iu un
i
M. w`rn`

5=.Rmhmrais
5=. Rmhmrais``n
``n s`hpmc d`r`jd`r`j y`ng da`hfac
da`hfac d`ra smkr`ng W`nat` 5< t`ju
t`junn dmng`n
raw`y`t
raw`y`t hmr`s`
hmr`s` cmc`j
cmc`j smo`i
smo`i 0 hanggu
hanggu tmr`ijar
tmr`ijar.. Rmnd`r`j
Rmnd`r`j`n
`n hmnstru
hmnstru`sa
`sa tmc
tmc`j
`j
fmrc`ngsung smc`h` 02 j`ra d`n hmng`c`ha pmrd`r`j`n p`d` s``t hmnyai`t gaga.
Umj`ra smfmcuhny` a` hmng`c`ha dmh`h. J`sac pmhmrais``n hmnunoui`n 9
Jf ? 7,1 g/dc
Cmiksat ? =2 rafu/hh5
Trkhfksat ? 00
00 rraafu/hh5
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
D`ra pmrny`t``n da `t`s imhungian`n cmuimha`ny` y`ng dadmrat` p`samn `d`c`j
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. @HC-H0
F. @CC (C0,C6,C5)
E. @HC-H0
D. @HC-H5
M. @HC(H4,H<)
5<.Rmhmrais
5<. Rmhmrais``n``n s`hpmc
s`hpmc d`r`j MDT@ y`ng da`hfac
da`hfac d`ra vmn` p`d` p`samn
p`samn c`ia-c`ia,
c`ia-c`ia,
uhur 5< t`junimhuda`n dajatung ouhc`j trkhfksat d`n mratrksat. Fac` datmhui`n
:= trkhfksat da`nt`r` 0222 mratrksat p`d` pmhmrais``n `p`sun d`r`j d`n ouhc`j
mratrksat = out`/uc d`r`j.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Jatun
Jat ung
g fmr`p`
fmr`p` ouhc`
ouhc`j
j trkhfk
trkhfksat
sat / hh5 d`r`j
d`r`j y`ng
y`ng tmrd`
tmrd`p`
p`tt d`c`h
d`c`h d`r`j
d`r`j
tmrsmfut;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
@. 66=.222
F. 56=.222
E. 46=.222
D. =6=.222

57.Umkr`ng `n`cas hmc`iui`n pmhmrais``n RRT p`d` p`samn y`ng dadug` tmro`da
imc`an`n jmhkst`sas tmt`pa tmro`da ims`c`j`n p`d` s``t hmc`iui`n pmrsa`p`n
s`hpmc.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Daf`w`j anaana ims`c`j`n
ims`c`j`n hmc`iui`n pmrsa`p`n
pmrsa`p`n s`hpmc
s`hpmc hmnymf`fi`n
hmnymf`fi`n j`sac
j`sac RRT
hmhmndmi l`csu, imeu`ca ..
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. satr`t tmrc`cu
tmrc`cu smdaiat
smdaiat
 

JMH@TKCKGA

F. pmrf
pmrf`n
`nd dang`
ang`nn d`r
d`r`j
`j dmng
dmng`n
`n satr
satr`t
`t tdi
tdi `dm
`dmiu
iu`t
`t
E. smntralug`sa tad`i `dmiu`t
D. pmng`hfac`n d`r`j c`hf`t
M. pmngarah`n tmrc`hf`t

5:.Umkr`ng
5:. Umkr`ng `n`cas
`n`cas hmc`iui`n
hmc`iui`n pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n @RRT p`d` p`d` p`samn y`ng dadug`
dadug` tmro`da
imc`an`n jmhkst`sas tmt`pa tmro`da ims`c`j`n p`d` s``t hmc`iui`n pmrsa`p`n
s`hpmc.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Daf`w`j ana ims`c`j`n d`c`h hmc`iui`n pmrsa`p`n s`hpmc hmnymf`fi`n j`sac
 @RRT hmh`no`ng
hmh`no`ng l`csu,
l`csu, imeu`ca ..
..
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
@. hmnggun`i`n t` t`fung pcpc`stai
F. pmrf
pmrf`n
`nd dang`
ang`n
n d`r`
d`r`jj dmng
dmng`n
`n sat
satr`
r`tt tad`
tad`i
i `dmi
`dmiu` u`tt
E. pmhf
pmhfm mra`
ra`n kf
kf`t jmp`ran p`d` p`sp`sam amnn
D. hmng
hmnggu gun`n`i`
i`nn t`fu
t`fung
ng i`
i`e`
e` t`np
t`np` ` dac`
dac`pa
pasa
sa saca
sacaik
ikn
n
M. satr`t tmrc`cu smdaiat

51. R`d` p`r`hmtmr jmhkst`sas smkr`ng `n`cas hmc`iui`n pmhmrais``n @RRT.

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Rmhmrais``n @RRT dagun`i`n untui hmngandai`sa smf`g`a fmraiut , imeu`ca …
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. Dmlasamnsa
Dmlasamnsa l`itkr ik`guc`sa
ik`guc`sa o`cur antransai
antransai
F. Fmrs
Fmrs`h
`h` ` RT hmnd
hmndmt mtmi
misa
sa `ita
`itava
vat`
t`ss l. ik
ik`g
`g fmrs
fmrs`h
`h`
`
E. Anjafatk
tkrr tj
tjd ll`i
`ittkr mis
misttransai
sai
D. Hknatkr tm
tmr`pa `n
`ntaik`guc`n
M. DAE

42.. Umk`
42 Umk`r`
r`ng
ng `n`c
`n`cas
as p`d`
p`d` s`
s``t
`t pmng
pmng`h
`hfa
fac`
c`n
n d`r`
d`r`j
j untu
untui
i pmhm
pmhmra
rais
is``
``n
n l``c
l``c

jmhskt`sas d`n hmc`iui`n pmng`hfac`n d`r`j dmng`n e`r` pmngas`p`n d`r`j

dauc`ng-uc`ng.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Rmng
Rm ng`hf
`hfac`
ac`n
n d`r`j
d`r`j dmng
dmng`n
`n e`r`
e`r` pmnga
pmngas`
s`p`n
p`n d`r`
d`r`j
j dauc
dauc`ng
`ng-u
-uc`n
c`ng
g d`p`t
d`p`t
fmr`iaf`t ...
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
@. hmh`eu `grmg`sa trkhfksat
F. trkhfksat pme`j
E. j`sac RRT hmhmndmi
D. tr
trk
khfks
hfksatat hmn
hmnmhpm
hpmc dad`
ad`c`h
c`h spuat
M. j`sac FT hmh`no`ng

40.Rrans
40.Rransap
ap pmhmr
pmhmrais
ais``n
``n Akn E`++
E`++ d`c`h
d`c`h d`r`j
d`r`j daai`
daai`tt kcmj
kcmj `ntai
`ntaik`
k`gu
guc`n
c`n untui
untui
hmngj`hf`t pmhfmiu`n. Rc`sh` y`ng hmng`ndung smhu` l`itkr ik`guc`sa
 

JMH@TKCKGA

mistrans
mistransai
ai imeu
imeu`ca
`ca E`++
E`++ dat`h
dat`hf`
f`jj dmng
dmng`n
`n trkhfk
trkhfkpc`
pc`st
stan
an `i`n
`i`n hmhfm
hmhfmntu
ntui
i
 omnd`c`n..
 omnd`c`n
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Rransap pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut `d`c`j l`r`hmtmr jmhkst`sas ...
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. FT

F
E.. ER
@ TTT
D. TT
M. RRT

46.@g`r
46. @g`r pmhmrais``n jmhkst`sas
jmhkst`sas v`cad h`i` smk`r`ng `n`cas j`rus hmhpmrj`tai`n
tminas pmng`hfac`n s`hpmc‑
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Daf`w`j ana pmrny`t``n fmn`r tminai pmng`hfac`n s`hpmc, imdeu`ca ...
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. smd`p`t hungian
hungian pmng`hfac
pmng`hfac`n
`n d`r`j
d`r`j s`tu i`ca
i`ca
F. t`np` dauc`ng-uc`ng,
E. jand
jand`r
`raa pmn
pmnus
usui
ui`n
`n fmfm
fmfmr`
r`p`
p` i`ca
i`ca p`d`
p`d` tmhp
tmhp`t
`t y`
y`ng
ng s`
s`h`
h`
D. pmng
pmngas
as`
`p`n
p`n d`r`
d`r`j
j tad`
tad`i
i fkcm
fkcmj
j fmru
fmruc`
c`ng
ng-u
-uc`
c`n
ng
M. hmnggun`i`n t`fung pc`stae

45.R`d` pmndmrat` dmlasamnsa vat`han I, dac`iui`n pmhmrais``n tms i`kguc`sa.

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Tms h`n`i`j y`ng hmno`da `fnkrh`c ....
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
@. RT d`n @RRT
F. i`d`r lafrankgmn
E. v`siucmr  
D. FT
M. w`itu tjrkhfan

44.Umkr`ng p`samn p`d` s``t dac`iui`n pmhmrais``n c`fkr`tkrauh dadug` imc`an`n

DAE
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
H`n`i`j
H`n` i`j da f`w`j
f`w`j ana y`ng
y`ng hmrup`i`
hmrup`i`n
n prmdasp
prmdaspksas
ksasaa untui
untui fmrimhf`
fmrimhf`ngny
ngny``
DAE ...
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. `dmnki`rsankh`
`dmnki`rsankh`
F. smpsas
E. dml. \at I
D. pmny`iat j`ta
M. dml. \at Lm
 

JMH@TKCKGA

4=.Umkr`ng `n`cas j`rus hmhpmrj`tai`n tminas pmhmrais``n jmhkst`sas `g`r j`sac

v`cad.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Rmrny`t``n y`ng d`p`t hmhpmng`ruja j`sac
j`sac pmhmrais``n jmhkst`sas `d`c`j …
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. pmng`hfac`n
pmng`hfac`n d`r`j
d`r`j d`p`t.hmh`i`a
d`p`t.hmh`i`a smhprat
smhprat `t`u v`eut`anmr 
v`eut`anmr 

F.
E. fmnd
fmi`
ndun
Oai`
Oa ung`
pmg`n
pmng n`hfa
ng`h j`ru
j`fac`
russ ndap`
c`n dap`s`
s`ng
d`r`j
d`r ngtad`
`j tasmg
sd`i
mgmr
imr`
` smfm
smgsun
c`ngs
c`n fmcu
cuh
unghg pmng
pmng`h
fmrj`
fmr `hfa
j`sa fac`
c, c`n
sac, hn`i`
h`id`r`
d`
`r`j
j `j y`ng
d`r
d`r`j y`ng
dad`p`t fkcmj dap`i`a
D. Rmrf
Rmrf`n
`nda
dang
ng`n`n d`r`
d`r`j j ? `nta
`ntaik
ik`g`guc
uc`n
`nsa
sa`
` j`r
j`rus
us sm
smsu
su`a
`a (1 f`gaf`ga`n
`n d`r`
d`r`j
j ?0
?0
f`ga`n satr`t)
M. w`it
`itu hmha
hmhan nd`ji`n
ji`n d`rd`r`j d`ra smhpr hprat im pmn`hpu
`hpun ng, o`r
`ru
uh j`r
j`rus
dacmp`s

4<.Umkr`ng p`samn
4<.Umkr`ng p`samn dac`iui
dac`iui`n
`n pmhmrai
pmhmrais``
s``n n tms ik`guc`
ik`guc`sa
sa d`n dadug`
dadug` hmndmrat
hmndmrat`
`
JDN.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Tms i`kguc`sa fmraiut h`n`i`j y`ng hmno`da `fnkrh`c p`d` Rmndmrat` JDN
(J`mhkrrj`gae dasm`sm kl tjm nmwfkrn),
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. RT
F. @RTT
E. lafankgmn tms
D. trkhfksat
M. pmrny`t``n @ d`n F fmn`r  

47.Umkr`ng
47. Umkr`ng `n`cas hmc`iui`n
hmc`iui`n pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n p`r`hmtmr
p`r`hmtmr jmh`tkckga
jmh`tkckga hmnggun`
hmnggun`i`n
i`n
hmtkdm
hmtk dm `n`cysmr
`n`cysmr jmh`tkck
jmh`tkckga
ga tmt`pa tad`i
tad`i c`ngsun
c`ngsung
g daimro`i`n
daimro`i`n tmt`pa
tmt`pa d`r`j
I5MDT@ dafa`ri`n tmrc`cu c`h`.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
D`r`j I5MDT@ fac` dafa`ri`n tmrc`cu c`h` d`p`t hmnymf`i`n ims`c`j`n j`sac
daf`w`j ana, imeu`ca .. .
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. HE\ hmnangi`t
hmnangi`t
F. RE\ hmnangi`t
E. HEJE hmnurun
D. ouhc`j tr
trkhfksat hm
hmnurun
M. ouhc`j cmiksat hmnangi`t

4:.Umkr`ng `n`cas hmc`iui`n pmhmrais``n @RTT.

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @RTT `d`c`j
`d`c`j smnsatal
smnsatal tmrj`d`p
tmrj`d`p dmlasamnsa
dmlasamnsa ...
...
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. l`itkr \AA

F..
E ll`
`i
ittrkkr AZZA
 

JMH@TKCKGA

D. RL5
M. vat`han I

41.Umkr`ng
41. Umkr`ng `n`cas hmc`iui`n
hmc`iui`n pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n p`r`hmtmr
p`r`hmtmr jmh`tkckga
jmh`tkckga hmnggun`
hmnggun`i`n
i`n
hmtkdm
hmtkdm `n`cysmr
`n`cysmr jmh`tkck
jmh`tkckgaga tmt`pa tad`i
tad`i c`ngsun
c`ngsung
g daimro`i`n
daimro`i`n tmt`pa
tmt`pa d`r`j
I5MDT@ dafa`ri`n tmrc`cu c`h`.

Rmrt`ny``n
D`r`j I5MDT@sk`c?fac` dafa`ri`n tmrc`cu c`h` d`p`t hmnymf`i`n ims`c`j`n j`sac
daf`w`j ana, imeu`ca .. .
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. HE\ hmnangi`t
hmnangi`t
F. RE\ hmnangi`t
E. HEJE hmnurun
D. ouhc`j tr
trkhfksat hmhmnurun
M. ouhc`j cmiksat hmnangi`t

=2.. R`d`
=2 R`d` s`
s``t
`t pmhm
pmhmrarais
is``
``nn j`pu
j`pus`
s`n
n d`r`
d`r`j
j tmpa
tmpa f`ny
f`ny`i
`i datm
datmhu
hui`
i`n
n smc
smc y`ng
y`ng
h`tur`sa d`n smdaiat smc hud`.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Rmndmrat` cmuimha` gr`nkcksatai irknai y`ng prmdkhan`n `d`c`j .
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. hamcksat d`n
d`n hmt`hamcksat
hmt`hamcksat
F. ham
hamcksat
ksat,, hm
hmtt`ha
`hamck
mcksat d`n f`t`n
t`ng
E. hmt`hamcksat, f`t`ng d`n smgh mghmn
D. hymc
hymckkfc`s,
c`s, prkhy
rkhym
mcksat
ksat d`n
d`n smgh
smghmmn
M. hamckfc`s d`n f`t`ng

=0.. Im`d
=0 Im`d````n
n ? `pus
`pus`n`n d`r`
d`r`jj tmpa
tmpa hmnu
hmnunonoui
ui`n
`n :=%
:=% sm
smcc h`tu
h`turr cahp
cahpks
ksat
at imea
imeac.
c.
Rmw`rn``n nmg`tavm p`d` pmrkisad`sm d`n Uud`n Fc`ei F.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Cmuimha` h`n`i`j da f`w`j y`ng p`cang hungian tmro`da ...
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. CGI
F. @CC
E. @HC
D. CCI
M. cm
cmu
uimha`
mha` t`i fmrdal
rdalmr
mrm
mnsa
nsa`sa `iut

=6.Rmndmrat
=6. Rmndmrat`` dmng`n RRT y`ng
y`ng hmh`no`ng
hmh`no`ng dafmrai`n vat.I
vat.I antr`vmn`
antr`vmn` d`c`h w`itu
64 o`h imhf`ca nkrh`
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Im`d``n icanas `p` y`ng hmnymf`fi`n j`sac smpmrta atu ...
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. pmny`iat jmhklaca`

F
E.. dm
d mll..lalf
`riatnkkrgAm
Zn
 

JMH@TKCKGA

D. dml. l`itkr Z
M. aitmrus kfstruisa

=5.Dac`iui`
=5.Dac`iui`n
n pmhmr
pmhmrais
ais``n
``n jmh`
jmh`tki
tkirat
rat (J
(Jt)
t) p`d`
p`d` d`r`j
d`r`j i`pac
i`pacmr
mr p`sam
p`samn
n smj`
smj`tt
hmnggun`i`n hmtkdm hairkjmh`tkirat, tmst dac`iui`n dupck dmng`n imtangga`n
d`r`j p`d` t`fung pmrt`h` 6/5 f`ga`n d`n t`fung imdu` 5/4 f`ga`n. J`sac

pmhmrais``n tad`i d`p`t daimcu`ri`n i`rmn` smcasaj 4%, smtmc`j da`h`ta e`ar`n
pc`sh` tmt`p omrnaj.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` l`itkr
l`itkr y`ng hmhpmng`ruja
hmhpmng`ruja j`sac j`sac pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut;
tmrsmfut;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. Ikndasa p`samn
p`samn y`ng
y`ng smj`t
smj`t
F. Imtangga`n d` d`r`j p`
p`d` t`t`fung JtJt
E. Hmtk
Hmtkd dm y`y`ng da
dagun`i
n`i`n iu iur`ng tmp
tmp`t
D. D`r
D`r`j casa
casas
s `iaf
`iaf`t
`t pm
pmnnggun
ggun`` ``n
n `ci
`cikjkc
kjkc
M. H`su
H`suin iny`y` e`a
e`ar`n
r`n o`r
o`raang
ng`n
`n d`c
d`c`h s`h
s`hpm
pmcc d`r
d`r`j
`j

=4.Umkr`ng @TCH d`c`h hmhmrais` s`hpmc p`samn dmw`s` dad`p`ti`n j`sac JET
52 %, Jf 06,5 % d`n ouhc`j mratrksat smfms`r =,6 ot/ γC
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
F`g`ah`n` im`d``n HE\, HEJ d`n HEJE;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. HE\ hmnangi`t,
hmnangi`t, HEJ HEJ hmnangi`t,
hmnangi`t, HEJE
HEJE hmnangi`t
hmnangi`t
F. HE\
HE\ hmn
hmnur
urunun,, HEJ
HEJ hmnu
hmnuru
run,
n, HEJE
HEJE hmna
hmnang ngi`
i`tt
E. HE\
HE\ hmn
hmnan
angigi`t
`t,, H
HEJ
EJ hmnu
hmnuru
run,
n, HEJE
HEJE hmna
hmnang ngi`
i`tt
D. HE\
HE\ hmnu
hmnururun,
n, HE
HEJ J hmnu
hmnuru
run,
n, HE
HEJE
JE hm
hmna
nang
ngi`
i`tt
M. HE\
HE\ hmna
hmnang
ngi`
i`t,
t, HEJ
HEJ hmnu
hmnuru
run,
n, HEJE
HEJE hmnu
hmnuru run
n

==.Umkr`
==.Umkr`ng
ng @TCH
@TCH hmhmra
hmhmrais
is`
` s`hpm
s`hpmcc d`r`j
d`r`j f`ya
f`ya untui
untui pmhmr
pmhmrais
ais``
``n
n mratr
mratrks
ksat
at

dmng`n hmnggun`i`n
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c? i`h`r jatung dad`p`ti`n j`sac smfms`r 4,4 ot/ γC
Nac`a ruoui`n y`ng dagun`i`n p`d` p`samn da`t`s `d`c`j
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. 4,= ― =,= ot/ γC
F. 4,2 ― <,2 ot/ γC
E. 4,0 ― =,= ot/ γC
D. 4,2 ― =,4 ot/ γC
M. 5,6 ― 4,: ot/ γC

=<.Rmhmrais``n mrytjrkeytm smdahmnt`takn r`tm dapmng`ruja kcmj uiur`n, fmntui,

d`n ouhc`j mratrksat d`c`h d`r`j. Tangi`t smdahmnt`takn fmrf`ndang curus dmng`n
fmr`t `grmg`t smc d`n fmrf`ndang tmrf`cai dmng`n cu`s pmrhui``n smc.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
L`sm-l`sm `p`i`j y`ng tmro`da p`d` pmhmrais``n da`t`s ;
 

JMH@TKCKGA

Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. Rmhfmntui`n
Rmhfmntui`n `s`h jmh`tan, pmngmnd`p`n
pmngmnd`p`n
F. Rmhf
mhfmntui`
tui`n n rku
rkucm`ux,
`ux, pm
pmngmnd
mnd`p`n
E. Ikns
Iknskc
kcad
ad`s
`sa,
a, pmhf
pmhfmnmntu
tui`
i`n
n `s`h
`s`h jmh`
jmh`ta
tan
n
D. Rmhf
Rmhfmn
mntu
tui`
i`n n hmtj
hmtjmh
mhkg
kgck
ckfa
fan,
n, ik
ikns
nsk
kcad`
cad`sa
sa
M. Rmhf
mhfmntui
tui`n rku
rkucm
cm`u
`ux
x d`
d`n `s
`s`h jmh`t
h`tan

=7.Umkr`ng pjcmfktkhast hmnmrah` fc`nik pmrhant``n p`samn untui pmhmrais``n

d`r`j cmngi`p, gcuiks` d`r`j, d`n c`ou mnd`p d`r`j. Da` hmnggun`i`n t`fung
v`eut`anmr untui hmn`hpung s`hpmc d`r`j p`samn.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p`i`j w`rn` tutup t`fung v`eut`anmr
v`eut`anmr y`ng dagun`i`n
dagun`i`n kcmj pjcmfktkhast
pjcmfktkhast
tmrsmfut;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. ]ngu, hmr`j,
hmr`j, faru
F. Faru, hmr`j, jao`u
E. ]ngu, `fu-`fu, jat`h
D. ]ngu, faru, `fu-`fu
M. Jao`u, ungu, jat`h

=:.Umkr`ng `n`cas c`fkr`tkrauh sw`st` hmnd`p`ti`n ruoui`n s`hpmc d`r`j MDT@

d`raa ruh`j
d`r ruh`j s`iat.
s`iat. Imhuda`n
Imhuda`n smkr`n
smkr`ng
g `n`cas
`n`cas hmc`iui
hmc`iui`n`n pmhmrais
pmhmrais``n
``n jatung
jatung
mratrksat dmng`n hmnggun`i`n papmt tjkh` mratrksat d`n i`h`r jatung.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p`i`j n`h` rm`gmn
rm`gmn y`ng
y`ng dafutuji`n
dafutuji`n untui
untui pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n da`t`s
da`t`s ;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Mksan
F. Turi
E. J`ymh
D. Dr`fians
M. Vmms Meimr  

=1.Umkr`ng @TCH
=1.Umkr`ng @TCH hmnmrah`
hmnmrah` s`hpmc d`r`j
d`r`j untui
untui pmhmrais
pmhmrais``n
``n d`r`j
d`r`j rutan.
rutan. Da`
hmhapmt s`hpmc d`r`j y`ng fmrasa `ntaik`guc`n MDT@ dmng`n hmnggun`i`n
t`fung wantrkfm, imhuda`n dada`hi`n da r`i smc`h` s`tu o`h.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Rmhmrais``n d`r`j `p`i`j y`ng dac`iui`n kcmj @TCH tmrsmfut ;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. H`irkjmh`tkirat
H`irkjmh`tkirat
F. C`ou mnd`p d`r`j
E. Jmhkgckfan U`jca
D. Hairkjmh`tkirat
M. Jmhkgckfan Ey`nhmtj
<2.Umkr`
<2.Umk r`ng
ng @TCH
@TCH hmc`i
hmc`iui
ui`n
`n pmhmr
pmhmrais
ais``n
``n i`d`
i`d`rr jmhkg
jmhkgckf
ckfan
an hmngg
hmnggun`
un`i`i`n
n

hmtkdm lktkmcmitrai.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c? J`sac y`ng dad`p`ti`n `d`c`j 05,= g/dc.
 

JMH@TKCKGA

Vm`gmn `p`i`j y`ng smsu`a untui hmtkdm tmrsmfut;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
@. Dr`fians
F. JEc 2,0 N
E. I`cauh sa`nad`
D. Jmhagckfansa`nad`
M. @ci`canm j`mh`tan D
<0.. Umkr
<0 Umkr`n
`ng
g @TCH
@TCH hmc`
hmc`iu
iui`
i`n
n pmhm
pmhmra
rais
is``
``n
n jatu
jatung
ng cmui
cmuiks
ksat
at sm
sme`
e`r`
r` h`nu
h`nu`c
`c
hmnggun`
hmng gun`i`n
i`n i`h`r
i`h`r jatung
jatung Ahprkvm
Ahprkvm Nmwf`um
Nmwf`umr.
r. Ouhc`j
Ouhc`j cmuiksat
cmuiksat tkt`c
tkt`c y`ng
y`ng
datmhui`n p`d` immhp`t fad`ng `d`c`j 0:: smc.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Fmr`p`i`j cu`s 0 fad`ng p`d` facai jatung untui jatung smc tmrsmfut;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
@. 0 hh6
F. 4 hh6
E. 1 hh6
D. 2,6 hh6
M. 2,24 hh6

<6.Umkr`ng
<6.Umkr` ng TCH
TCH hmc`iu
hmc`iui`
i`n
n pmhm
pmhmrai
rais``
s``n
n mv`cu`
mv`cu`sa
sa j`pus
j`pus`n
`n d`r`j
d`r`j tmpa.
tmpa. R`d`
R`d`
j`pus`n hmnunoui`n `d`ny` pmnangi`t`n d`ra ouhc`j smc d`r`j putaj hud`
(cmss-h`turm f`nds `t`u f`t`ng) `t`u ah`tur (hmt`hamcksat) y`ng dacmp`si`n im
pmrmd`r`n d`r`j.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?

Astac`j `p`i`j y`ng fa`s` dagun`i`n p`d` i`sus tmrsmfut;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Cmikpmna`
Cmikpmna`
F. Cmiksatksas
E. Ujalt tk tjm cmlt
D. Ujalt tk tjm ragjt
M. Rmrgmsmr`n n naac`a cm
cmuiksat

<5.Umkr`ng @TCH hmc`iui`n pmw`rn``n satkiaha`. Rmw`rn``n ana fmrgun` untui

hmngmn`
hmng mn`caca smc-smc
smc-smc d`c`h
d`c`h o`o`r`n
o`o`r`n cahlksat
cahlksat y`ng
y`ng hmng`nd
hmng`ndung
ung gcaikgmn
gcaikgmn.. Vm`isa
Vm`isa
y`ng tmro`da `d`c`j kisad`sa gcaikgmn kcmj `s`h pmrakd`t hmno`da `cdmjadm, c`cu
fmrm`isa dmng`n rm`gmn sejall hmno`da w`rn` hmr`j.
 

JMH@TKCKGA

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Rmw`
Rm w`rn
rn``n
``n `p`i`
`p`i`j
j y`ng
y`ng j`rus
j`rus dac`
dac`iui
iui`n
`n kcmj
kcmj @TCH
@TCH untui
untui hmngm
hmngmn`
n`caca smc
tmrsmfut;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @.
F. Mcca`s
Uud`n Fc`ei
E. U`tk d`n Umiay`
D. Lksl`t`sm @ci`cas (C@R)
M. Rmrakdae @ead Uejall (R@U)

<4.Umkr`ng @TCH
<4.Umkr`ng @TCH hmc`iui
hmc`iui`n
`n pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n h`s` pmrd`r`j`
pmrd`r`j`n.
n. Rmhmrai
Rmhmrais``
s``nn ana
untui
untui hmngm
hmngmt`jt`jua
ua lung
lungsa
sa pmh
pmhfu
fucuj
cuj d`r`j
d`r`j i`pacm
i`pacmrr d`n
d`n lungsa
lungsa smrt`
smrt` ouhc`
ouhc`j
j
trkhfksa
trkhfksat,
t, dmng`n
dmng`n hmngjatu
hmngjatung
ng w`itu
w`itu d`ra s``t
s``t pmrd`r`j
pmrd`r`j`n
`n pmrt`h`
pmrt`h` t`hp`i
t`hp`i
s`hp`a tad`i t`hp`i `d` fmi`s d`r`j p`d` imrt`s s`rang.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?

 @p`i`j y`ng j`rus dac`iui`n

dac`iui`n smkr`ng
smkr`ng @TCH `p`fac` pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut
hmcmfaja = hmnat;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Hmngjatung
Hmngjatung ouhc`j trkhfksat hmnggun`i`n
hmnggun`i`n hmtkdm h`nu`c `t`upun `c`t
ktkh`tas`sa
F. Da
Daim
imro
ro`i
`i`n
`n tmru
tmrus
s s`hp`
s`hp`aa pmrd`
pmrd`r`
r`j`
j`n
n fmrjm
fmrjmnt
nta,
a, tad`
tad`i
i `d` fmi`
fmi`s
s d`r`j
d`r`j c`ga
c`ga
p`d` imrt`s s`rang
E. Rmhfu
hfucuj
cuj d`r`j dafm afmndung hmnhmnggun`i`n
i`n spag pagnkh`n
kh`nk
khmtm
hmtmrr p`d`
tmi`n`n tmrtmntu smc`h` 02 hmnat
D. Hmng
Hmngjajatu
tung
ng w`i
w`itu
tu d`ra
d`ra s``t
s``t pmr
pmrd`
d`r`
r`j`
j`n
n pmrt
pmrt`h
`h` ` t`hp`
t`hp`i
i s`hp`
s`hp`aa d`r`j
d`r`j
hmhfmiu p`d` t`fung im AAA
M. Rmrd`r`j`n dastkp sme`r` `ital dmng`n e`r` hmnmi`n cui`
hmnggun`i`n i`p`s imrang tmrus dapcmstmr.

<=.Umkr`ng TCH hmc`iui

<=.Umkr`ng hmc`iui`n `n pmhmrai
pmhmrais``
s``n
n jatung
jatung omnas
omnas cmuiksat
cmuiksat.. R`d`
R`d` prmp`r`
prmp`r`tt
t`hp`i fmntui ah`tur d`ra cmuiksat y`atu hmt`hamcksat, hamcksat, prkhamcksat, `t`u
fc`s.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Tand
Tand`i
`i`n
`n `p`i
`p`i`j
`j y`y`ng
ng j`ru
j`rus
s dac`
dac`iu
iui`
i`nn kcmj
kcmj sm
smkr
kr`n
`ng
g TCH
TCH d`c`d`c`h
h i`su
i`suss
tmrsmfut ;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Dac`pkri`n
Dac`pkri`n imp`d`
imp`d` supmrvaskr.
supmrvaskr.
F. Da
Dac`
c`iu
iui`
i`n
n pmh
pmhmrmrai
ais`
s``n
`n dupc
dupck
k hmn
hmngg
ggun
un`i
`i`n
`n s`
s`hp
hpmc
mc f`ru
f`ru..
E. Da
Dafu
fu`t
`t prm
prmp`
p`r`
r`tt f`ru
f`ru,, imhu
imhuda
da`n
`n dap
dapmr
mrai
ais`
s` kcm
kcmjj TCH
TCH y`ng
y`ng c`a
c`an
n

D. Da
Dac`
c`iu
iui`
s`h`. i`n
n pmhmr
pmhmrai
ais`
s``n
`n dup
dupck
ck kcmj
kcmj TCH
TCH y`ng
y`ng c`a
c`an
n dmng
dmng`n
`n prm
prmp`
p`r`
r`tt y`ng
y`ng
 

JMH@TKCKGA

M. Dac`iui`n
i`n pmhmrai
rais``
s``n c`no
`nout`n fmru
rup
p` `pus`n
s`n d`r`j tmpa `t`u
fakpsa suhsuh tuc`ng

<<.Umkr`ng @TCH hmc`iui`n tms h`s` pmhfmiu`n d`r`j hmtkdm Cmm ― Wjatm.
Tms ana hmnguiur w`itu y`ng dapmrcui`n kcmj d`r`j cmngi`p untui hmhfmiu da
d`c`h t`fung. Hmtkdm ana hmnggun`i`n 4 t`fung h`sang - h`sang tmrasa 0 hc
d`r`j cmngi`p, daaniuf`sa d`c`h suju 572E.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c (cm`d an) ?
F`g`ah`n`i`j e`r` hmc`iui`n pmhmrais``n tms tmrsmfut da`t`s ;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n (kptakn) ?

 @. Hmnguoa `ggr`g`s
`ggr`g`saa trkhfksat hmnggun`i`n
hmnggun`i`n `c`t`c`t `ggrmgkhmtmr 
`ggrmgkhmtmr 
F. Hmnac`
Hmnac`aa `d`
`d` tad`i
tad`iny
ny` `ppmt
mtmej
mejam`
am`mm p`d`
p`d` f`ga
f`ga`n
`n vkc`r
vkc`r cmng`
cmng`nn f`w
f`w`j
`j
E. Fac`
ac` pmr
pmrd`r`j
r`j`n fmrjmnt mnta, jmntai`
tai`n
n stkp
tkp w`tej d`n e`t`t t`tc`j
c`j w`itu
pmrd`r`j`n
D. Hmn
Hmnguiuriur c`h`
c`h` tmrtmrfmntu
ntuiny`
ny` fmiu`n smtmc tmc`j s`hpmcpmc dat`
at`hf`j
hf`ji
i`n
dmng`n pmrm`isa tmrtmntu d`c`h tt`fung.
M. T`fu
T`fungng pmrc
pmrc`j
`j`n
`n - c`j`n
`j`n daha
dahara
rang
ngi`
i`nn smta
smta`p
`p 52 dmt
dmtaai sup`
sup`y`y` d`r`
d`r`j
j
fmrsm
fm rsmntu
ntuj`
j`n
n dmng
dmng`n`n dand
dandanang
g t`fun
t`fungg smi`
smi`cacagu
gus
s hmca
hmcaj`
j`tt sud`
sud`j
j
tmro`dany` pmhfmiu`n.

<7.Tmn`g` TCH dahant`

dahant` hmc`iui`
hmc`iui`n
n pmhmrai
pmhmrais``
s``n
n jmh`tki
jmh`tkirat
rat p`d`
p`d` p`samn
p`samn `n`i
fmrus
fmrusa`a` 0= t`jun
t`jun y`ng
y`ng hmng`
hmng`c`h
c`haa dmjadr
dmjadr`s
`sa.
a. Dkitm
Dkitmrr hmny`
hmny`r` r`ni
ni`n
`n untu
untui
i
s`hpcang i`pacmr d`n hmnggun`i`n t`fung hairk `g`r cmfaj hud`j, smjangg`
tmn`g` TCH dmng`n emp`t hmhpmrsa`pi`n i`p`s `cikjkc, fckkd c`nemt, t`fung
i`pacmr
i`p acmr fmw`rn`
fmw`rn` hmr`j,
hmr`j, dmhpuc.
dmhpuc. J`sac
J`sac pmhmrais
pmhmrais``n
``n hmnunou
hmnunouii`nii`n jmh`tkir
jmh`tkirat
at
52vkc% dmng`n i`t`gkra hmnurun.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
ims`c`
ims`c`j`n
j`n pr` `n`ca
`n`catai
tai `p`
`p` y`ng
y`ng p`can
p`cang
g fmrp
fmrpmr`
mr`n
n `t`s
`t`s imtai
imtaism
smsu`
su`a`n
a`n j`sac
j`sac
pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. Rmhacaj`n hmtkdm
F. Rmhacaj`n vkcuh s`hpmc
E. Rmng
mnggun
gun``n dmhpuhpuc tmrc`
rc`cu f`ny`
ny`i
D. Rmhacaj`n tt`
`fung i`i`pacmr 
M. Rmnggun``n fc fckkd c`
c`nemt

<:.Hmtkdm
<:. Hmtkdm pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n jatung ouhc`j rmtaiucksat
rmtaiucksat d`p`t daimro`i`n
daimro`i`n dmng`n e`r`
f`s`j d`n imrang. Vm`gmn y`ng dafutuji`n tmrdara d`ra FEF 0 % y`ng fmrlungsa
smf`g`a
smf` g`a pmhfmraw`
pmhfmraw`rn`
rn` p`d` sas`-sas`
sas`-sas` VN@,
VN@, N`Ec
N`Ec lasakckg
lasakckgas
as `t`u Hmtj`nkc
Hmtj`nkc
smf`g`a c`rut`n pmngmnemr.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
F`j`n
Racaj`n iaha` `p` y`ng oug` d`p`t hmw`rn`a smc tmrsmfut;
O`w`f`n?
 

JMH@TKCKGA

@. Nmw Hmtjycmnm fcum

F. F`sae Luejsan
E. Mksan 6%
D. Gamhs`
M. Uud`n

<1.Tmn`g`
hmngg
hmn TCH
ggun`
un`i` nhmc`iui`n
i`n hmtkd
hmtkdm pmhmrais``n
m f`s`j.
f`s`j. Uas`
Uas` VN@
VNjatung ouhc`j
@ daw`
daw`rn` mratrksat
rn`aa hmngg
hmn ggun`hud`
un`i`n (rmtaiucksat)
i`n FEF
FEF 0 %
smjangg` d`p`t dafmd`i`n `nt`r mratrksat hud` d`n mratrksat h`tur.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Rmw`rn``n `p`i`j y`ng dagun`i`n untui smc tmrsmfut ;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. Rmw`rn``n
Rmw`rn``n smdmrj`n`
smdmrj`n`
F. Rmw`rn``n surp`vat`c
E. Rmw`n``n Vagjt
D. Rmw`rn``n smc hud`
M. Rmw`rn``n gamhs`

72.Hmtkdm Jf mcmitrklkrmsas d`p`t untui hmngmt`jua v`ra`n Jf d`n hmhf`ntu

hmnmg`ii`n da`gnks` tj`c`smha`. R`d` hmtkdm ana d`p`t hmhas`ji`n v`ra`n-
v`ra`n Jf `t`u prktman pmnyusun gckfan hmnggun`i`n l`sm da`h gmc `g`rksm
`t`u `irac`had.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` pransap
pransap d`s`r
d`s`r d`ra hmtkdm
hmtkdm tmrsmfut;
tmrsmfut;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. Rmhas`j`n
Rmhas`j`n hkcmiuc fmrd`s`ri`n
fmrd`s`ri`n fmr`t
fmr`t omnas hu`t`n
F. Rmha
Rmhas`s`j`
j`n
n hkcm
hkcmiuiucc fmrs
fmrs`d
`d`r
`ri`
i`nn fmd`
fmd` pktm
pktmns
nsa`
a`cc smny
smny`w
`w` `
E. Rmha
Rmhas`s`j`
j`nn hkcm
hkcmiuiucc fmrh
fmrhu`u`t`
t`n
n dmng
dmng`n`n f`n
f`ntu
tu`n`n `ru
`russ cast
castra
rai
i
D. Rmhas`
Rmhas`j`j`n
n hkcmi
hkcmiucuc fmrd
fmrd`s`
`s`ri
ri`n
`n imr`p
imr`p`t`
`t`n
n smny`
smny`w` w` d`c`h
d`c`h hmdau
hmdauhh
M. Rmha
Rmhas`s`j`
j`n
n hkcm
hkcmiuiucc fmrd
fmrd`s
`s`r
`ri`
i`hh imr`
imr`p`
p`t`
t`n
n smny
smny`w`w`
` d`c`
d`c`hh l`sm
l`sm da`
da`h
h

70.R`d` hmtkdm pkcyhmr`sm ej`an rm`etakn (REV) tmrdara d`ra fmfmr`p` t`j`p`n
d`c`h hmrmpcai`sa DN@ y`atu pr`-dmn`tur`sa, dmn`tur`sa, `nnm`cang, mxtmnsakn,
lan`c mxtmnsakn.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` s`o`i`j
s`o`i`j t`j`p`n
t`j`p`n y`ng
y`ng tmro`da
tmro`da p`d` hmtkdm
hmtkdm tmrsmfut;
tmrsmfut;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. Rr`-dmn`tur`sa,
Rr`-dmn`tur`sa, dmn`tur`
dmn`tur`sa
sa d`n `nnm`cang
`nnm`cang
F. @nnm
@nnm`c
`can
ang,
g, mxtm
mxtmns nsak
akn
n d`n
d`n lan`
lan`cc mx
mxtm
tmns
nsak
akn
n
E. Dmn`t
mn`tu
ur`sa, `nn`nnm`cang, mxt mxtmnsakn
D. Rr
Rr`-
`-dm
dmn`
n`tu
tur`
r`sasa,, mxtm
mxtmns
nsak
akn,
n, lan
lan`c mxtm
mxtmns
nsak
akn
n
M. Dmn`
Dmn`tu
tur`
r`sa
sa,, , mxtm
mxtmnsnsak
akn,
n, lan
lan`c mxtm
mxtmns
nsak
akn
n

76.Rmh
76.Rmhfmfmnt
ntui`
tmrg`ntu
tmrg ui`n
`ntung
ng n suhf`
suh
fmfmr`p
fmf f`t
` tj`c
mr`p` y`ng
y`n g mrta
st`fa
st`fac
smpmrta
smp c d`c`h
d`c`hj prksms
pmhfucu
pmh fucuj prk
d`rsms
d`r`j, hmngjm
hmnfksat
gjmnta
ntai`
`j, trkhfksa
trkh i`n
n l`itkr-
t d`n pmrd`
pmrtkr-l`it
l`i d`r`j
r`j`n
`n
l`itkr 
kr 
 

JMH@TKCKGA

ik`guc`sa. D`c`h e`se`dm jmhkst`sas h`i` pmr`n l`itkr-l`itkr tmrsmfut d`p`t

dacaj`t dmng`n omc`s d`n d`p`t danac`a.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
R`r`hmtmr `p` y`ng d`p`t hmndmsirapsai`n e`se`dm tmrsmfut ;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
@. ]oa rmtr`isa fmiu`n
F
E.. Fccm
E kmtjdan
angg TTaah
hmm
D. RT
M. @RTT

75.Tmn`g` TCH dahant`

dahant` untui
untui hmc`iui`
hmc`iui`nn pmng`hf
pmng`hfac`n
ac`n s`hpmc
s`hpmc d`r`j
d`r`j smkr`ng
smkr`ng
p`samn r`w`t an`p y`ng `i`n hmno`c`na kpmr`sa. R`r`hmtmr pmhmrais``n tmrdara
d`ra @RTT d`n RT. Tmn`g` TCH hmc`iui`n pr``n`catai pmng`hfac`n s`hpmc
d`r`j smrt` hmhpmrsa`pi`n t`fung v`euh t`anmr fmrtutup faru hud` smf`g`a
pmn`hpung s`hpmc.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @ntaik`guc`n
 @ntaik`g uc`n `p` y`ng
y`ng tmri`ndung
tmri`ndung dad`c`h
dad`c`h t`fung
t`fung v`euh t`anmr tmrsmfut;
tmrsmfut;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
@. N`eatr`t 5.6% .
F. N`Eatr`t 5.:%
E. N`Jmp`ran
D. N`6MDT@
M. I6MDT@

74.Rmhmrais``n jatung
74.Rmhmrais``n jatung ouhc`j
ouhc`j mksankp
mksankpjac
jac hmnggun
hmnggun`i`n
`i`n i`h`r
i`h`r jatung
jatung hmhacaia
hmhacaia
tangi`t ims`c`j`n r`t`-r`t` 5=% i`rmn` ouhc`ny` s`ng`t imeac d`n tmn`g` TCH
j`rus hmhpmrj`tai`n imtmcata`n smrt` hmhanah`casar suhfmr ims`c`j`n smpmrta
pmhapmt`n, pmngmnemr`n d`n pmnggun`` i`h`r jatung.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
I`h`r
I`h `r jatun
jatung
g `p`
`p` y`ng
y`ng da`no
da`nouri
uri`n
`n untui
untui pmhmr
pmhmrais
ais``
``n
n jatun
jatungg ouhc`
ouhc`j
j smc
smc
tmrsmfut;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. Ahprkvmd Nmuf`umr 
Nmuf`umr 
F. Jmhksatkhmtmr  
E. Luejs Vksmntj`c
D. Furimr  
M. Tjkh`

7=.Tmn`g` TCH hmc`iui`n pmhmrais``n jatung ouhc`j smc mksanklac hmnggun`i`n

hmtkdm
hmtkdm i`h`r
i`h`r jatung
jatung Ahprkvm
Ahprkvmd
d Nmuf`u
Nmuf`umrmr d`n papmt
papmt tjkh`
tjkh` cmuiksat
cmuiksat.. \kcuhm
\kcuhm
d`r`j dapapmt s`hp`a si`c` 2,= d`n c`rut`n pmngmnemr s`hp`a si`c` 00. Umc
mksanklac datmhui`n smf`ny`i 64 smc d`n j`sac pmrjatung`n hmnunouii`n d`c`h
smta`p ½c d`r`j hmng`ndung =55 smc mksanklac.
 

JMH@TKCKGA

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
R`d`
R`d ` i`h`r
i`h`r jatung
jatung Ahprkvm
Ahprkvmd
d Nmuf`u
Nmuf`umr
mr smc tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut dajatuhg
dajatuhg d`c`h
d`c`h fmr`p`
fmr`p`
ikt`i fms`r;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. 4
F. 0/=
E. 0
D. 1
M. 0<

7<.R`samn `n`i dmng`n gmo`c` dmh`h, f`d`n cmh`j d`n ngacu. J`sac pmhmrais``n
trkhfksat 022.222 /hh5 d`n j`sac pmhmrais``n NU0 pksatal nmg`tal.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n y`ng d`p`t
d`p`t dagun`i`n
dagun`i`n untui
untui hmhpmriu`t
hmhpmriu`t da`gnksas
da`gnksas tmrsmfut;
tmrsmfut;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. FT d`n ET
ET
F. Vuhcm Cmmd
E. Vmtr`isa fmiu`n
D. @pus`n d`r`j tmpa
M. Ah`tur pc`tmcmt lr`etakn

77.Umkr`ng @TCH hmc`iui`n pmhmrais``n jatung cmuiksat. Ouhc`j cmuiksat y`ng

dad`p`ti`n `d`c`j 0=.222/hh5 smc d`r`j

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
F`g`ah`n`i`j antmrprmt`sa j`sac p`d` ikndasa p`samn dmng`n ouhc`j smc da`t`s;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Cmuikpmna`
Cmuikpmna`
F. Mratrksatksas
E. Cmuiksatksas
D. Trkhfksatksas
M. Trkhfksatkpmna`

7:.Umkr`ng
7:.Umkr` ng @TCH
@TCH hmc`i
hmc`iui ui`n`n pmhmr
pmhmrais
ais``
``nn d`r`
d`r`j
j cmngi
cmngi`p
`p hmng
hmnggun
gun`i
`i`n
`n `c`t
`c`t
kt
ktkh
kh`t`tas
as.. D`r`
D`r`j j da`h
da`hfa
facc d`ra
d`ra vmn`
vmn` dah`
dah`susuii
ii`n
`n im d`c`
d`c`h
h t`fu
t`fung
ng fmra
fmrasa
sa
`ntaik`guc`n MDT@.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Fmr`p`i`j uiur`n pmh`i`a`n y`ng tmp`t untui `ntaik`guc`n tmrsmfut;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. 0 f`ga`n `ntaik`guc`n
`ntaik`guc`n + 4 f`ga`n d`r`j
F. 0 f`g
f`ga`
a`n
n `n
`ntai
taik`guc`
guc`n n + 1 f`
f`ga`n d`r`r`
`j
E. 6 hg
hg `nt
`ntai
aik
kguc`n
c`n un
untui sm
smta`p
ta`p 0 hc
hc d`
d`r`j
r`j
D. 0 hg `nta
`ntaik
ikgu
gucc`n untu
untuii smt
mtaa`p 0 hc d`r`
d`r`jj
M. 2,
2,0-
0-2,
2,6
6 hc
hc c`r
c`rut
ut`n
`n `nta
`ntaik
ik`g
`guc
uc`n
`n untu
untui
i smt
smta`
a`p
p 0hc
0hc d`r`
d`r`j
j
 

JMH@TKCKGA

71. Umkr`ng @TCH `i`n hmc`iui`n pmng`hfac`n s`hpmc d`r`j vmn` p`d` f`ya
untui
untui pmhmrai
pmhmrais``
s``n
n jmh`tkck
jmh`tkckga.
ga. O`ruh
O`ruh y`ng dagun`i`
dagun`i`n n `d`c`j
`d`c`j –wangmd
–wangmd stmmc
stmmc
nmmdcm, 65-6=g‘.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Cki`sa pmng`hfac`n d`r`j h`n`i`j y`ng adm`c dapacaj kcmj smkr`ng @TCH;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Tuhat
F. Afu o`ra i`ia
E. F`s`cae vman
D. Emp`cae vman
M. Hmda`n f`s`cae vman

:2.. Umkr
:2 Umkr`n
`ng
g @TCH
@TCH hmc`hmc`iuiui`
i`n
n pmhm
pmhmra
rais
is``
``n
n jatu
jatung
ng trkh
trkhfk
fksa
satt e`r`
e`r` c`ng
c`ngsu
sung
ng
hmnggun`i`n c`rut`n pmngmnemr Vmms Meimr. Dmng`n papmt mratrksat d`r`j daas`p
s`hp`a t`nd` 0 d`n damnemri`n dmng`n c`rut`n pmngmnemr s`hp`a t`nd` 020.
Dajatung p`d` facai jatung Ahprkvm Nmwf`umr.

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Fmr`p` pmngmnemr`n y`ng tmro`da p`d` papmt tmrsmfut;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. 02 i`ca
F. =2 i`ca
E. 022 i`ca
D. 0=2 i`ca
M. 622 i`ca

:0.Umkr`ng
:0.Umkr` ng @TCH
@TCH hmc`i
hmc`iui
ui`n
`n pmng
pmng`hf
`hfac`
ac`n
n s`hp
s`hpmc
mc d`r`
d`r`j
j untu
untui
i pmhmr
pmhmrais
ais``n
``n
 ouhc`j trkhfksat.
trkhfksat. U`hpmc y`ng `i`n dagun`i`n
dagun`i`n `d`c`j d`r`j vmn` dmng`n
`ntaik`guc`n MDT@.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Fmr`p` c`h` w`itu y`ng tmp`t untui pmhmrais``n smc tmrsmfut smtmc`j dac`iui`n
pmng`hfac`n s`hpmc d`r`j;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
@. Iur`ng d`ra 0 o`h
F. R`cang c`h` 0 o`h
E. R`cang c`h` 0,= o`h
 

JMH@TKCKGA

D. R`cang c`h` 6 o`h

M. R`cang c`h` 5 o`h

:6.Andmis
:6. Andmis mratrksat `d`c`j f`t`s`n untui uiur`n d`n asa jmhkgckfan jmhkgckfan mratraksat. Andmis
mratr
mratrks
ksat
at tmrdar
tmrdaraa `t`s
`t`s Hm`n
Hm`n Ekrpu Ekrpuse
seuc`
uc`rr \kcuh
\kcuhm m (HE\)
(HE\),, Hm`n
Hm`n Ekrpu
Ekrpuseuseuc`r 
c`r 
Jmhkgckfan (HEJ), d`n Hm`n Ekrpuseuc`r Jmhkgckfan Eknemntr`takn (HEJE).
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Rmhmrais``n `p`i`j y`ng dagun`i`n untui hmnmntui`n nac`a andmis tmrsmfut;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Nac`a jmh`tkirat
jmh`tkirat d`n d`n ouhc`j mratrksat
F. I`d`
`d`r jmh
jmhkg kgcckfan
fan d`d`n oouh
uhc`
c`j
j mra
mrattrksat
ksat
E. Rmhm
Rmhmra rais
is``
``nn mrat
mratrk
rksa
satt d`c
d`c`h
`h smda
smda````nn `pus
pus
D. Nac`
Nac`aa i`d
i`d`r`r jmhkg
mhkgck ckfa
fan n d`n
d`n nac`
nac`aa jmh
jmh`t`tki
kira
ratt
M. Jatu
Jatungng mra
mratr
trks
ksatat,, i`d`
i`d`rr jmhk
jmhkgc gckf
kfan
an d`n
d`n nac
nac`a
`a jmh
jmh`i
`itk
tkra
rat.
t.

:5.R`d` jatung trkhfksat hmtkdm l`sm ikntr`s, d`r`j damnemri`n im d`c`h c`rut`n
tmrtmntu
tmrtmntu smjangg
smjangg`
` smhu`
smhu` mratrks
mratrksat
at dajmhkc
dajmhkcasas
asas.. Umc trkhfksa
trkhfksatt dajatun
dajatung
g dmng`n
dmng`n
hmnggun`i`n i`h`r jatung st`nd`r d`n hairksikp l`sm ikntr`s.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Vm`gmn `p` y`ng d`p`t dagun`i`n untui hmngjatung smc tmrsmfut;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Vmms Meimr
Meimr
F. Wragjt ― Gamhs`
E. Fracca`nt ermsyc fcum
D. Nmw hmtjycmnm fcum
M. @hhknauh Kis`c`t 0%

:4.Tms lmrratan hmnggun`i`n d`r`j vmn` untui hmnguiur i`d`r lmrratan. Tanggany`
i`d`r
i`d`r lm
lmrat
ratan
an d`p`
d`p`tt hmngan
hmngandai
dai`s
`sai`
ai`n
n g`ng
g`nggu
gu`n
`n pmny
pmnyahp
ahp`n
`n`n
`n fmsa
fmsa,, smpmrt
smpmrtaa
jmhkejrkh`tksas, `t`u prksms pmny`iat irknas
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
F`g`ah`
F`g `ah`n`i
n`i`j
`j pmrsa`p`
pmrsa`p`nn p`samn
p`samn smfmcuh
smfmcuh da`hfac
da`hfac d`r`j
d`r`j untui
untui pmhmrai
pmhmrais``
s``n
n
tmrsmfut;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
@. Tad`
Tad`i
i `d`
`d` pmrs
pmrsa`
a`p`
p`nn iju
ijusu
sus s unt
untui
ui tm
tmss ana
ana..
F. Ru`s
Ru`s`` j`ru
j`rus
s pu`s
pu`s`` hana
hanah`
h`cc smc`
smc`h`
h` : o`h
o`h smf
smfmcmcuh
uh pmn
pmng`
g`hf
hfac
ac`n
`n d`r
d`r`j
`j
E. Ru`s`
Ru`s` j`ru
j`rus
s pu`s
pu`s`` hana
hanah`
h`cc smc`
smc`h`
h` 02 o`h
o`h smf
smfmcu
mcuh
h pmn
pmng`
g`hfa
hfac`n
c`n d`r`j
d`r`j
D. Ru`s`
Ru`s` j`ru
j`rus
s pu`s
pu`s`` hana
hanah`
h`cc smc`
smc`h`
h` 06 o`h
o`h smf
smfmcu
mcuh
h pmn
pmng`
g`hfa
hfac`n
c`n d`r`j
d`r`j
M. Jan
and
d`ra hmr
hmrkiki
iki, h`i`
`i`n pmr
pmrhmn
hmn i`rmt
rmt, han
hanuh ikpa d`n tmjtmj, `ci
`cikjkc,
kc,
`ddaetavm drugs (smpmrta `hpjmt`hanm, hkrpjanm, jmrkan, e`nn`fas)

:=.Umkr`ng @TCH hmc`iui`n pmhmrais``n `itafft`s G<RDJ hmnggun`i`n pransap

lktkhmtmr. U`hpmc y`ng dagun`i`n `d`c`j d`r`j MDT@.
 

JMH@TKCKGA

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Fmr`p` c`h` st`facat`s s`hpmc tmrsmfut;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. 6 j`ra p`d`
p`d` 6 - :²E
F. 0 j`ra p`d` 6 - :²E
E. 6 j`ra p`d` 0= - 6=²E
D. 4 j`ra p`d` 6 - :²E
M. < j`ra p`d` 6 - :²E

:<.Jmhkgck
:<. Jmhkgckfanfan mcmitrklkrmsas dagun`i`n smf`g`a tms siranang
siranang untui hmngadmntalai`sa
hmngadmntalai`sa
v`ra`
v`r a`n
n d`n
d`n jmhkg
jmhkgck ckfan
fan y`ng
y`ng `fnk
`fnkrh`
rh`c.
c. U`hp
U`hpmcmc daimr
daimro`i
o`i`n
`n hmnggu
hmnggun`i
n`i`n`n
hmtkdm JRCE.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
U`hpmc `p`i`j y`ng dagun`i`n untui pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Rc`sh` Eatr`t
Eatr`t
F. Rc`sh` MDT@
E. Rc`sh` Jmp`ran
D. Wjkcm Fckkd Eatr`t
M. Wjkcm Fckkd MDT@

:7.R`d` pmhmrais``n jatung rmtaiucksat, Ouhc`j rmtaiucksat dajatung p`d` hairksikp

e`j`y` dmng`n pmrfms`r`n 022x02, dajatung hanah`c pmr 0222 mratrksat d`c`h
c`p`ng p`nd`ng cmfaj d`ra 02. Ouhc`j rmtaiucksat y`ng datmhui`n d`c`h c`p`ng
p`nd`ng tmrsmfut dae`t`t.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
F`g`ah`n`i`j e`r` hmc`pkri`n jatung smc tmrsmfut;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
@. Dany
Dany`t
`t`i
`i`n
`n d`c
d`c`h
`h ½c tmtmrj
rj`d
`d`p
`p ouh
ouhc`c`j j hutc
hutc`i`i mramratr
trks
ksat
at..
F. Da
Dany
ny`t
`t`i
`i`n
`n d`c`
d`c`hh (%)
(%) d`ra
d`ra 022
022 fu`
fu`jj ccmi
miks
ksat
at (smh
(smhu` u` omna
omnas)
s)
E. Dany`
Dany`t`i
t`i`n
`n d`c`h
d`c`h pmrsm
pmrsmn n `t`
`t`u
u pmrh
pmrhacac tmrj`
tmrj`d`p
d`p ouhc`j
ouhc`j mratr
mratrksksat
at tkt`c
tkt`c
D. Dany`
Dany`t`i
t`i`n
`n d`c`h
d`c`h (%) tmrj`
tmrj`d`
d`p
p vkcu
vkcuhm
hm mratr
mratrksa
ksatt d`c`
d`c`h h 022
022 hc d`r`j
d`r`j
M. Daja
Dajatu
tung
ng d`ra
d`ra j`sa
j`sacc pmh
pmhmrai
mrais`
s```n jatu
jatungng mratr
mratrks
ksat at,, i`
i`d`
d`rr jmhk
jmhkg gckfa
ckfan
n d`n
d`n
nac`a jmh`itkrat

::.R`d` jatung ouhc`j mksankpjac sme`r` h`nu`c hmnggun`i`n c`rut`n mksan y`ng
hmng`ndung C`rut`n Mksan 6% = hc 9 @emtkn = hc 9 d`n @qu`dmst `dd 022 hc.

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
F`g`ah`n` e`r` hmnyahp`n rm`gmn tmrsmfut y`ng tmp`t ;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Dafmiui`n
Dafmiui`n d`c`h lrmsmr,
lrmsmr, t`j`n
t`j`n c`h`
F. Da
Dasa
sahp
hp`n
`n d`c
d`c`h fktkktkc ek
ekic
ic`t
`t,, t`
t`j`
j`nn c`h`
c`h`
E. Dasa
Dasahp
hp`n
`n d`c`
d`c`hh cmh
cmh`r`raa ms,
ms, t`j`
t`j`n n s`t
s`tu
u fuc
fuc`n
`n

D.
M. Dasa
Dasahp
sahp
Dasa
Da hp`n
`n d`c`
hp`n
`n d`c`
d`c`h
d`c`h
h fkt
h cmh
cmh`r
f `rai`e`
ktkc
kc a ms,
i`me`,
s, ,t`j`
t`t`j
j`n
n s`t
t`j`n
`ns`tu
uuhan
s`tu
`t hhan
angg
h ggu
uu
angg
ggu
 

JMH@TKCKGA

:1.Umkr`ng
:1. Umkr`ng TCH hmc`iui`n pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n Jf hmtkdm U`jca, d`r`j y`ng darm`isai`n
darm`isai`n
dmng`n JEc 2,0 N damnemri`n hmnggun`i`n `qu`dmst, jkhkgmnas`sa e`hpur`n
c`rut`n hmnggun`i`n f`t`ng pmng`dui sme`r` fmruc`ng-uc`ng. Nac`a Jf y`ng
dad`p`t d`ra pmngmro``n hmtkdm tmrsmfut hmnyahp`ng jangg` 42% d`ra nac`a
smfmn`rny`.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p`i`j l`itkr ims`c`j`n
ims`c`j`n y`ng hmnymf`fi`n
hmnymf`fi`n pmnyahp`ng`n
pmnyahp`ng`n p`d` hmtkdm
pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. JEc fmrm`isa
fmrm`isa dmng`n
dmng`n f`t`ng
f`t`ng pmng`dui
pmng`dui
F. Ikns
Iknsmn
mntr
tr`s
`saa JEc
JEc y`
y`ng
ng dagu
dagun`
n`ii`n tad`
tad`ii tmp`
tmp`tt
E. \kc
\kcuhm
uhm c`r
c`rut
ut`n
`n d`c
`c`h
`h t`
t`fu
fung
ng U`jc
U`jcaa fmr
fmriuiur`
r`ng
ng
D. @s`h
@s`h jmh`
jmh`ta tan
n y`n
y`ng
g tmf
tmfmn
mntu
tui
i fui
fui`n
`n c`ru
c`rut`
t`n
n smo
smo`t
`taa
M. Hmtk
Hmtkdm
dm U`jc
U`jcaa fui
fui`n
`n hmru
hmrup`p`i`
i`n n hmt
hmtkd
kdm m f`i
f`iu u mh`
mh`s s

12.Umkr`ng pjcmfktkhast hmnmrah` fc`nik pmrhant``n p`samn untui pmhmrais``n

c`o
c`ou
u mnd`
mnd`p
p d`r`j
d`r`j.. Da
Da`
` hmngg
hmnggun`
un`i`
i`n
n t`fung
t`fung v`eut`
v`eut`anm
anmrr untui
untui hmn`hp
hmn`hpun
ung
g
s`hpmc d`r`j p`samn.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p`i`j asa t`fung
t`fung v`eut`anmr
v`eut`anmr y`ng
y`ng dagun`i`n
dagun`i`n untui
untui pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut ;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. I6MDT@
F. Catjauh jmp`ran
E. N`6MDT@
D. N`trauh Lc
Lcukrad`
M. N`trauh satr`t

10.Umkr`ng TCH hmc`iui`n pmhmrais``n ouhc`j cmuiksat p`d` p`samn cmuiksatksas

mistrah hmnggun`i`n i`h`r jatung, pmngmnemr`n dac`iui`n hmnggun`i`n papmt
Tjkh` 62 i`ca. R`d` pmhmrais``n haiksikpai smc cmuiksat s`ng`t f`ny`i d`n
hmnuhpui, smjangg` sucat untui da `h`ta d`n jatung.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` tand`i`n
tand`i`n y`ng
y`ng pmrcu dac`iui`n
dac`iui`n kcmj smkr`ng
smkr`ng TCH;TCH;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. Daruoui im
im c`fkr`tkrauh
c`fkr`tkrauh c`an
F. Dac`
Dac`iu
iui`
i`nn pmhm
pmhmra
rais
is``
``nn kcmj
kcmj TCH
TCH y`ng
y`ng c`an
c`an
E. Dac`
Dac`iu
iui`
i`nn pmh
pmhmr
mrai
ais`
s``n
`n jatu
jatung
ng omna
omnas
s ccmu
muik
ikssat
D. Hmc`
Hmc`iu
iui`
i`nn pmn
pmngm
gmnenemr
mr`n
`n dmng
dmng`n`n papm
papmtt ttjk
jkh`
h` mrat
mratrk
rksa
satt
M. Da
Dac`
c`iu
iui`
i`nn pmn
pmngm
gmne
nemr
mr`n
`n y`ng
y`ng s`h`
s`h` hmng
hmnggu gun`
n`i`
i`n
n t`f
t`fun
ungg

16.Umkr`ng
16.Umkr` ng p`sam
p`samn
n hmnymr
hmnymr`ji
`ji`n
`n lkrhu
lkrhucar
car pmhmr
pmhmrais
ais``
``n
n imp`d
imp`d`` @TCH
@TCH untui
untui
dac`iui`n pmng`hfac`n d`r`j. Rmhmrais``n y`ng dahant` `d`c`j pmhmrais``n
RT, @RTT d`n D-dahmr.

Rmrt`ny``n
 @p` omnas sk`c? y`ng j`rus
omnas t`fung j`rus dasa`pi`n
dasa`pi`n kcmj
kcmj @TCH;
 

JMH@TKCKGA

Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
@. T`fung faru
F. T`fung jao`u
E. T`fung jat`h
D. T`fung hmr`j
M. T`fung Iunang

15.Umkr`ng
15. Umkr`ng p`samn `i`n hmc`iui`n
hmc`iui`n kpr`sa, @TCH da hant` hmc`iui`n pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n
imc`an`n jmhkst`sas. Rmhmrais``n tmrsmfut j`ny` untui hmh`stai`n tad`i `d`
imc`an`n p`d` prksms pmhfmiu`n d`r`j d`n imc`an`n pmhfucuj d`r`j. J`sac
pmhmrais``n dahant` smgmr` i`rmn` kpr`sa `i`n smgmr` dac`iui`n.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` omnas
omnas pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n y`ng
y`ng d`p`t dac`iui`n
dac`iui`n kcmj @TCH;
@TCH;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. D-Dahmr 
F. FT d`n ET
E. RT d`n @RTT
D. Vupcm Cmmdm
M. I`d`r Lafrankgmn

14.Umkr`ng @TCH
14.Umkr`ng @TCH hmc`iui
hmc`iui`n`n pmhmrais
pmhmrais``n ``n hmnggun
hmnggun`i`
`i`n
n jmh`tkc
jmh`tkckgy
kgy `n`cyzmr
`n`cyzmr..
Dad`p`t
Dad` p`t pmhmrais
pmhmrais``n
``n trkhfks
trkhfksat at `fnkrh`
`fnkrh`c. c. @TCH
@TCH tmrsmfu
tmrsmfutt dahant`
dahant` hmc`iui
hmc`iui`n
`n
pmhmrais``n iknlarh`sa.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n iknlarh`sa
iknlarh`sa y`ng j`rus
j`rus dac`iui`n
dac`iui`n @TCH;
@TCH;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. Rmhmrais``n
Rmhmrais``n uc`ng
F. Rmhfu`t`n j`pus`n d`r`j
E. Rmhm
mhmrais
ais``n
``n dmng`
ng`n i`h`r jatu atung
D. Hmc`
Hmc`iiui`n pmn
pmng`hf
g`hfac ac`
`n d`r
`r` `j uc`ng
`ng
M. Hmc`
Hmc`iiui`n pmr
pmrf`ai`n
ai`n qu`ca
u`catty ek
ekntr
ntrkc

1=.Umkr`ng @TCH dahant` hmc`iui`n pmhmrais``n jatung ouhc`j trkhfksat. U`hpmc

d`r`j da`hfac d`n dae`hpuri`n dmng`n rm`gmn y`ng hmng`ndung FEF. Umc
dajatung p`d` 02 ikt`i smd`ng mratrksat dmng`n pmhfms`r`n 422 i`ca.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` n`h` hmtkdm pmhmrais``
pmhmrais``n
n tmrsmfut;
tmrsmfut;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. Lknak
F. Vmms Meimr  
E. Ahpmnd`nsa
D. @pus`n D`r`j
M. Frm`ejmr Erkniatm
 

JMH@TKCKGA

1<.Rmhmrais``n mrytjrkeytm smdahmnt`takn r`tm dapmng`ruja kcmj uiur`n, fmntui,

d`n ouhc`j mratrksat d`c`h d`r`j. Tangi`t smdahmnt`takn fmrf`ndang curus dmng`n
fmr`t `grmg`t smc d`n fmrf`ndang tmrf`cai dmng`n cu`s pmrhui``n smc.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
L`sm-l`sm `p`i`j y`ng tmro`da p`d` pmhmrais``n da`t`s ;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. Rmhfmntui`n
Rmhfmntui`n `s`h jmh`tan, pmngmnd`p`n
pmngmnd`p`n
F. Rmhf
mhfmntui`
tui`n n rku
rkucm`ux,
`ux, pm
pmngmnd
mnd`p`n
E. Ikns
Iknskc
kcad
ad`s
`sa,
a, pmhf
pmhfmnmntu
tui`
i`n
n `s`h
`s`h jmh`
jmh`ta
tan
n
D. Rmhf
Rmhfmn
mntu
tui`
i`n n hmtj
hmtjmh
mhkg
kgck
ckfa
fan,
n, ik
ikns
nsk
kcad`
cad`sa
sa
M. Rmhf
mhfmntui
tui`n rku
rkucm
cm`u
`ux
x d`
d`n `s
`s`h jmh`t
h`tan

17.Umkr`ng
17. Umkr`ng TCH hmc`iui`n pmhmrais``n i`d`r jmhkgckfan hmnggun`
hmnggun`i`ni`n hmtkdm
ey`nhmtjmhkgckfan. Hmtkdm ana sme`r` pr`itas hmnguiur smcuruj jmhkgckfan,
smc`an suclkjmhkgckfan.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Vm`gmn `p`i`j y`ng dagun`i`n p`d` hmtkdm tmrsmfut;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
@. Dr`fians
F. JEc 2,0 N
E. I`cauh sa`nad`
D. Jmhagckfansa`nad`
M. @ci`canm j`mh`tan D

1:.Um
1:.Umkrkr`
`ng TCH hmc`i c`iui`n pmhmr
mrai
ais
s``n i`d`r jmhkg
mhkgck ckfa
fan
n hmtkd
tkdm
ey`nhmtj
ey`n hmtjmhkg
mhkgckfa
ckfan.
n. D`c`h
D`c`h hmtkdm
hmtkdm ana jmhkgckf
jmhkgckfanan dmng`n
dmng`n I5Lm(E
I5Lm(EN)<N)< `i`n
dauf`j
dauf `j hmno`da
hmno`da hmtjmhk
hmtjmhkgckf
gckfan
an y`ng
y`ng imhuda`
imhuda`nn hmno`da
hmno`da jmhkgckf
jmhkgckfan an sa`nad`
sa`nad`
(JaEN) kcmj IEN.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Fmr`p` f`ny`i s`hpmc d`r`j d`n rm`gmn y`ng dafutuji`n p`d` pmhmrais``n
tmrsmfut ;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. 6 hc d`r`j
d`r`j d`n = hc
hc rm`gmn
F. 62 ½c d`r`j d`n = hc rm`gmn
E. 62 ½c d`n fmfmr
fmfmr`p
`p`
` tmt
tmtms
ms rm`
rm`gmn
gmn p`d`
p`d` t`fun
t`fungg Jf
Jf s`hp
s`hp`a`a t`n
t`nd`
d` si`c`
si`c` 6,2
6,2
D. D`r`
D`r`j j datmt
datmtms
msi`
i`n
n p`d`
p`d` quaei
quaei-e
-ejm
jmei
ei smf`
smf`ny
ny`i
`i 4 ½c, dat
datun
ungg
gguu s`h`p
s`h`p`a`a 52
dmtai
M. D`r
`r`j
`j dat
datmtmsi
msi`n p`d` imrt`s t`s jas`
as`p, w`rn`
rn` y`y`n
ng tmr
tmro`d
o`da f`nd
f`ndan
anggi`n
i`n
dmng`n si`c` t`ccquast

11.C`rut`n pmngmnemr Dr`fian tmt`p st`fac smc`h` fmfmr`p` fuc`n i`c`u dasahp`n
p`d`
p`d ` suju
suju y`ng
y`ng rmnd`j,
rmnd`j, fmrw`rn
fmrw`rn`
` iunang
iunang pue`t
pue`t `t`u omrnaj.
omrnaj. I`c`u
I`c`u fmruf`j
fmruf`j
hmno`da imruj, `t`u w`rn`ny` hmhud`r, c`rut`n ana j`rus dafu`ng.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?

F`g`ah`n`i`j
Racaj`n O`w`f`ne`r`
? hmnyahp`n c`rut`n tmrsmfut `g`r d`p`t fmrt`j`n c`h`;
 

JMH@TKCKGA

 @. C`rut`n dasahp`n

dasahp`n `caqukt
`caqukt p`d`
p`d` fktkc ekic`t.
F. C`ru
C`rut`
t`n
n das
dasah
ahp`
p`n
n d`c`
d`c`hh fkt
fktkc
kc ekic
ekic`t
`t,, d`c
d`c`h`h lrmm
lrmmzm
zmr r 
E. C`ru
C`rut`
t`n
n dasa
dasahp
hp`n
`n d`c
d`c`h
`h fkt
fktkc
kc eki
ekic`
c`t,
t, d`c
d`c`h`h cmh
cmh`r
`raa tmrt
tmrtut
utup
up
D. C`ru
C`rut`
t`n
n dasa
dasahp
hp`n
`n d`c
d`c`h
`h fkt
fktkc
kc eki
ekic`
c`t,
t, d`c
d`c`h`h ru`
ru`ng
ng`n`n tmr
tmrfu
fui`
i`
M. C`rut`n dasahp`n d`c`h fktkc ekic`t, d`c`h iuci`s p`d` 4-<²E.
022.
022. Umkr
Umkr`n
`ng
g TCH
TCH hmc
hmc`i
`iui
ui`n
`n jat
jatun
ungg mrat
mratrk
rksa
satt hmng
hmnggu
gun`
n`i` i`nn c`ru
c`rut`
t`n
n pmn
pmngm
gmne
nemr 
mr 
J`ymh.
J`y mh. Dmng`n
Dmng`n hmnggu
hmnggun`i`
n`i`n
n c`rut`n
c`rut`n J`ymh,
J`ymh, tmrny`t
tmrny`t`
` mratrksa
mratrksatt hmng`c`h
hmng`c`haa
`gcutan`sa, smjangg` j`rus hmngg`nta c`rut`n pmngmnemr y`ng smsu`a `g`r tad`i
tmro`da `gcutan`sa.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
C`rut`n pmngmnemr `p`i`j y`ng smsu`a dmng`n i`sus tmrsmfut da`t`s ;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Turi
F. JEc 2,0 N
E. N`Ec 2,:=%
D. N`trauh sucl`t
M. @s`h `smt`t gc`sa`c

020.
020. Umkr
Umkr`n
`ngg TCH
TCH hmchmc`i
`iui
ui`n
`n p pmh
mhmr
mrai
ais`s``n
`n jatu
jatung
ng omn
omnas
as cmu
cmuik
iksa
satt p`d
p`d` ` prmp
prmp`r
`r`t
`t
j`pus`n y`ng tmc`j daw`rn`a dmng`n Gamhs`. R`d` prmp`r`t tmrcaj`t pmnangi`t`n
 ouhc`j cmuiksat
cmuiksat d`n
d`n hkrlkckgany`
hkrlkckgany` `fnkrh`c
`fnkrh`c (tmrd`p`t
(tmrd`p`t smcsmc hud`)
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
F`g`ah`n`i`j e`r` tmp`t y`ng j`rus dac`iui`n kcmj smkr`ng TCH d`c`h i`sus
da`t`s;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Jatung omnas
omnas cmuiksat
cmuiksat dac`iui`n
dac`iui`n d`c`h
d`c`h 022 smc.smc.
F. Hmne
Hmne`t`t`t
`t smhu
smhu` ` omna
omnas
s sm
smcc cmu
cmuik
iksa
satt y`n
y`ng
g daou
daouhp
hp`a`a
E. D`c`h
D`c`h smta`
smta`pp c`p`n
c`p`ng`n
g`n p`nd`n
p`nd`ng g j`ny
j`ny`` fkc
fkcmj
mj dajatu
dajatung
ng s`tu
s`tu i`c
i`ca.
a.
D. ]rut`n
]rut`n jatun
jatungg omnas
omnas cmiks
cmiksatat dasu
dasusun
sun hmnur
hmnurutut uru
urut`n
t`n h`tur
h`tur`s`saa smra
smra gr`n
gr`nuck
ucksat
sat
M. Jatu
Jatung
ng omn
omnas
as smc
smc dap
dapmn
mng`
g`ru ruja
ja kcmj
kcmj ouh
ouhc`c`j
j smc y`ny`ngg daja
dajatutungng,, h`ia
h`iann
f`ny`i cmiksat y`ng dajatung, h`ian imeac ims`c`j`n y`ng tmro`da.

026.
026. Umkr
Umkr`n
`ngg @TCH
@TCH hmnm
hmnmra
rah`
h` s`h
s`hpm
pmcc d`r`
d`r`j j untu
untuii pmhm
pmhmra
rais
is``
``n
n d`r`
d`r`j
j ruta
rutan.
n.
Da` hmhaphapmt s`hpm
hpmc d`r`j
r`j y`ng fm fmrrasa
asa `ntaik`
aik`gu
guc`
c`n
n MDT@ dmng mng`n
hmnggun`i`n t`fung wantrkfm, imhuda`n dada`hi`n da r`i smc`h` s`tu o`h.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Rmhmrais``n d`r`j `p`i`j y`ng dac`iui`n kcmj @TCH tmrsmfut ;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. H`irkjmh`tkirat
H`irkjmh`tkirat
F. C`ou mnd`p d`r`j
E. Jmhkgckfan U`
U`jca
D. Hairkjmh`tkirat
M. Jmhkgckfan Ey`nhmtj
 

JMH@TKCKGA

025. Umkr`ng pjcmfktkhast hmnmrah` fc`nik pmrhant``n p`samn untui

pmhmrai
pmhm rais``
s``n
n c`ou mnd`p
mnd`p d`r`j.
d`r`j. Da` hmnggu
hmnggun`i`
n`i`nn t`fung
t`fung v`eut`an
v`eut`anmr
mr untui
untui
hmn`hpung s`hpmc d`r`j p`samn.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p`i`j asa t`fung
t`fung v`eut`anmr
v`eut`anmr y`ng
y`ng dagun`i`n
dagun`i`n untui
untui pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut ;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. I6MDT@
F. Catjauh jmp`ran
E. N`6MDT@
D. N`trauh Lc
Lcukrad`
M. N`trauh satr`t

024. Umkr`ng pjcmfktkhast hmnmrah` fc`nik pmrhant``n p`samn untui

pmhm
pm hmra
rais
is``
``nn d`r`
d`r`jj cmng
cmngi`
i`p,
p, gcui
gcuiks
ks`
` d`r`
d`r`j,
j, d`n
d`n c`ou
c`ou mnd`
mnd`p
p d`r`
d`r`j.
j. Da
Da`
`
hmnggun`i`n t`fung v`eut`anmr untui hmn`hpung s`hpmc d`r`j p`samn.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p`i`j w`rn` tutup t`fung v`eut`anmr
v`eut`anmr y`ng dagun`i`n
dagun`i`n kcmj pjcmfktkhast
pjcmfktkhast
tmrsmfut;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. ]ngu, hmr`j,
hmr`j, faru
F. Faru, hmr`j, jao`u
E. ]ngu, `fu-`fu, jat`h
D. ]ngu, faru, `fu-`fu
M. Jao`u, ungu, jat`h

02=
02=. Hmng
Hmngj jatu
atung ouhc
uhc`j trkhf
rkhfkksat
sat hmnggun
gun`i`
`i`n i`hi`h`r jatu
jatung
ng ahp
ahprkvm
kvmd
nmuf`umrr p`d` 4 ikt`i. H`sang-h`sang
nmuf`um H`sang-h`sang ikt`i hmhacaia cu`s 0 hh6, tangga 0 hh,
dmng`n pmngmnemr`n 622 i`ca, dad`p`ti`n j`sac 542 smc.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Fmr`p`i`j ouhc`j smc
smc tmrsmfut pmr uC ;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. 0=2.222 smc/uC
F. 072.222 smc/uC
E. 012.222 smc/uC
D. 602.222 smc/uC
M. 652.222 smc/uC

02<. Umkr`ng TCH hmngjatung trkhfksat hmnggun`i`n i`h`r jatung

ahprkvm
ahpr kvmdd nmuf`um
nmuf`umr. r. U`hpmc
U`hpmc dat`hf`j
dat`hf`j dmng`n
dmng`n c`rut`n
c`rut`n pmngmn
pmngmnemr
emr imhuda`n
imhuda`n
dajatung ouhc`j smc trkhfksat. Umc trkhfksat `i`n tmrw`rn`a tmr`ng imfaru`n, `i`n
tmt`pa mratrksat tad`i dacasasi`n.

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
_`t w`rn`
Racaj`n `p`i`j y`ng d`p`t hmw`rn`a smc da`t`s;
O`w`f`n?
 

JMH@TKCKGA

 @. Mksan
F. Lkrh`can
E. N`trauh satr`t
D. Irast`c vakcmt
M. Fracca`nt Ermsyc Fcum

027.
027. Umkr
Umkr`n
`ngg @TCH
@TCH hmnm
hmnmra
rah`
h` s`h
s`hpm
pmcc d`r`
d`r`j j untu
untuii pmhm
pmhmra
rais
is``
``n
n d`r`
d`r`j
j ruta
rutan.
n.
Da` hmhap hapmt s`hpm
hpmc d`r`j
r`j y`ng fm fmrrasa
asa `ntaik`
aik`gu
guc`
c`n
n MDT@ dmng mng`n
hmnggun`i`n t`fung wantrkfm, imhuda`n dada`hi`n da r`i smc`h` s`tu o`h.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Rmhmrais``n d`r`j `p`i`j y`ng dac`iui`n kcmj @TCH tmrsmfut ;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. H`irkjmh`tkirat
H`irkjmh`tkirat
F. C`ou mnd`p d`r`j
E. Jmhkgckfan U`jca
D. Hairkjmh`tkirat
M. Jmhkgckfan Ey`nhmtj

02:.
02:. R`d`
R`d` pmhm
pmhmrrais`
ais``n
`n jatu
jatung
ng cmui
cmuiks
ksatat.. D`r`j
D`r`j da`h
da`hfafacc d`ra
d`ra pmnd
pmndmrmrat
at`
` `nmha
`nmha``
jmhkcatai y`ng f`ny`i tmrd`p`t mratrksat fmranta `t`u nkrhkfc`s. Nkrhkfc`s tad`i
casas d`c`h c`rut`n pmngmnemr smjangg` aiut tmrjatung smf`g`a cmuiksat.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
F`g`ah`n`i`j e`r` smkr`ng @TCH hmc`iui`n ikrmisa tmrj`d`p nac`a jatung smc
tmrsmfut;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Dafu`t j`pus`n
j`pus`n d`r`j y`ng dapuc`s dmng`n dmng`n Gamhs`, dajatung
dajatung smhu` omnas
cmiksat dany`t`i`n d`c`h (%) d`ra 022 smc cmiksat.
F. Da
Dafu
fu`t
`t j`pu
j`pus`s`n
n d`r`
d`r`jj y`ng
y`ng dapuc
dapuc`s`s dmng
dmng`n
`n Gam
Gamhs
hs`, `, d`n
d`n dajat
dajatun
ungg ouhc`
ouhc`j
j
rmtaiucksatny` pmr 0222 mratrksat d`n dany`t`i`n d`c`h %
E. Dafu
Dafu`t
`t smd
smda`
a``n
`n d`r
d`r`j
`j `pu
`pus,
s, daw
daw`r`rn`
n`aa H`y
H`y Grun
Grunw` w`cdcd ― Gamh
Gamhs`s` (HG
(HGGG),
wragjt, Gamhs`, dajatung ouhc`j trkhfksat d`c`h 0.222 mratrksat
D. Dafu`t `pus`n-d`r`j tapas y`ng dapuc`s dmng`n pmw`rn`
Vkh`nkwsiy
Vkh`nk wsiy d`n jatung
jatung f`ny`iny`
f`ny`iny` mratrksat
mratrksat fmranta
fmranta y`ng t`hp`i
t`hp`i
pmr 022 cmuiksat
M. R`d`
R`d` pmhm
pmhmrarais
is``
``n
n 022 cmui
cmuiks
ksat
at,, jatun
jatung g f`ny`
f`ny`ininy`
y` ta`p
ta`p-t
-ta`
a`p
p omnas
omnas cmui
cmuiks
ksat
at
y`ng datmhui`n.

021.
021. Tkt`
Tkt`cc arkn
arkn fanda
fandang
ng e`p`
e`p`e
eaty
aty (TAFE
(TAFE)) `d`c`
`d`c`j
j pmhmr
pmhmrai
ais`
s``n
`n unt
untui
ui da`g
da`gnk
nks`
s`
 omnas `nmha` tmrut`h` dmng`n japkirkh
japkirkh d`n `t`u HE\ rmnd`j, hmnggun`i`n
hmtkdm Umqumnta`c rmcm`sm `nd upt`im kl arkn
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
F`g`ah`
F`g `ah`n`i
n`i`j`j pmrsa`p`
pmrsa`p`n
n p`samn
p`samn smfmcuh
smfmcuh da`hfac
da`hfac d`r`j
d`r`j untui
untui pmhmrai
pmhmrais``
s``n
n
tmrsmfut;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @.
F. Tad`i
Ru`s``d`
Ru`s` `d
j``rus
pmrsa`p`n
pmrsa`
j`rus p`n
pu`s
pu`s`
`h ijusus
ijus
hana usc smc`
anah`
h`c suntui
h`tms
mc`h` oana.
: o`h
`h smfmc
smfmcuh
uh pmng
pmng`hf
`hfac`
ac`n
n d`r`
d`r`j
j
 

JMH@TKCKGA

E. Ru`s`
Ru`s` j`rus
j`rus pu`s
pu`s`
`hhana
anah`
h`cc s
smc`
mc`h`
h` 02 o`h
o`h smf
smfmc
mcuh
uh pmng
pmng`hf
`hfac`
ac`n
n d`r
d`r`j
`j
D. Ru`s
Ru`s`` j`ru
j`rus
s pu`s`
u`s` hana
hanah`h`cc smc
smc`h`
`h` 06 o`h
o`h smfmfmc
mcuh
uh pm
pmngng`h
`hfa
facc`n
d`r`j
M. Jan
and
d`ra hmr
hmrkiki, h`i
h`i`n pmrhmn hmn i`rmt
rmt, han
hanuh ikpa d`n tmj
tmj, `cik
cikjkc,
`ddaetavm drugs (smpmrta `hpjmt`hanm, hkrpjanm, jmrkan, e`nn`fas)

002.
002. Umru
Umruhh arkn
arkn (UA)
(UA) hmr
hmrup`i
up`i`n
`n pmhm
pmhmra
rais
is``
``nn untui
untui hmng
hmngmt
mt`j
`jua
ua ikns
iknsmn
mntr
tr`s
`saa
fmsa y`ng fmrsaiuc`sa da d`c`h d`r`j d`n tmrai`t p`d` tr`nslmrran hmnggun`i`n
hmtkdm lmrrkzanm.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Fmr`p` c`h` st`facat`s s`hpmc tmrsmfut;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. 7 j`ra p`d`
p`d` 6 - :²E
F. 0= j`
j`ra p`d` 6 - :²E
E. 6 j`ra p`d` 0= - 6=²E
D. 6 hanggu p`d` 6 - :²E
M. 0 t`jun p`d` (-62)²E

000
000. Tms lmr
mrat
ataan hmng
mnguiur tang
angi`t lmr
lmratan
atan,, prkt
rktman
man pmnyahp
ahp`n`n
n`n fmsa
msa ut`h
ut`h`
`
d`c`h tufuj, hmnggun`i`n hmtkdm Ahhunkejmhacuhanmsemnt.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
U`hpmc `p`i`j y`ng dagun`i`n untui pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. D`r`j `rtmra
`rtmra
F. Rc`sh` eatr`t
E. D`r`j i`pacmr  
D. D`r`j cmngi`p
M. Umruh `t`u pc`sh`

006.
006. Da
Da`g
`gnk
nksa
sas
s dmla
dmlasa
samn
mnsa
sa G<R
G<RD
D fm
fmrd
rd`s
`s`r
`ri`
i`n
n pmna
pmnac`
c`a`
a`n
n `ita
`itava
vat`
t`s
s mnza
mnzah,
h, sme
sme`r
`r`
`
iu`ntat`tal dmng`n `n`cas` spmitrklktkhmtra d`ra prkduisa N@DRJ d`ra N@DR.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
U`hpmc `p`i`j y`ng dagun`i`n untui pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Rc`sh` Eatr`t
Eatr`t
F. Rc`sh` MDT@
E. Rc`sh` Jmp`ran
D. Wjkcm Fckkd Eatr`t
M. Wjkcm Fckkd Jmp`ran

005. @n`cas` Jf hmrup`i`n pmhmrais``n y`ng fmrsal`t iu`ntat`tal untui

hmngmt`j
hmngmt`jua
ua i`d`r Jf@6 d`n JfL, smrt` untui
untui hmndmtmisa
hmndmtmisa `d`ny`
`d`ny` imc`an`
imc`an`n
n
jmhkgckfan (Jf v`ra`nt).
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
F`g`ah`n`i`j pmrsa`p`n p`samn untui pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut;
 

JMH@TKCKGA

Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Tad`i `d`
`d` pmrsa`p`n
pmrsa`p`n ijusus
ijusus untui tms ana.
F. Ru`s`
`s` j`rus
rus pu`s`
`s` hanah
anah`c
`c smc`
smc`h`
h` : - 02 o`h smfm
smfmcu
cuh
h pmng`h
g`hfac`ac`n
d`r`j
E. Ru`s`
Ru`s` j`rus
j`rus pu`s
pu`s` `h
hana
anah`
h`cc s
smc`
mc`h`
h` 06 o`h
o`h smf
smfmc
mcuh
uh pmng
pmng`hf
`hfac`
ac`n
n d`r
d`r`j
`j
D. T`ny
T`ny`i`
`i`nn `p`
`p`i`
i`jj p`s
p`sam
amn
n pmr
pmrn`j
n`j hmnm
hmnmra
rah`
h` tr`
tr`ns
nslu
lusa
sa d`r`
d`r`j
j `t`u
`t`u ta
tad`
d`i i
(e`t`t p`d` p`tamnt nktm).
M. Jan
and
d`ra hmr
hmrkiki, h`i
h`i`n pmrhmn
hmn i`rmt
rmt, han
hanuh ikpa d`n tmjtmj, `cik
cikjkc,
`ddaetavm drugs (smpmrta `hpjmt`hanm, hkrpjanm, jmrkan, e`nn`fas)

004.
004. Vmta
Vmtaiu
iuck
cksa
satt `d`c
`d`c`j
`j mra
mratr
trks
ksat
at hud
hud` ` y`ng
y`ng sat
satkp
kpc`
c`sh
sh`n
`ny`
y` h`s
h`saj
aj hmn
hmng`
g`nd
ndun
ungg
smouhc`j fms`r sas`-sas` rafkskh d`n VN@. Vafkskh hmhpuny`a imh`hpu`n
untui
untui fmrm`isa
fmrm`isa dmng`n
dmng`n pmw`rn`
pmw`rn` tmrtmntu
tmrtmntu untui
untui hmhfmntu
hmhfmntuii mnd`p`n
mnd`p`n gr`nuc`
gr`nuc`
`t`u lac`hmn y`ng fmrw`rn` faru.

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Vm`gmn `p`i`j y`ng smsu`a untui pmw`rn``n smc tmrsmfut;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Wragjt
F. Gamhs`
E. H`y Grunw`cd
D. Fracca`nt Er
Ermsyc Fc
Fcum
M. H`y Grunw`cd ― Gamhs`

00=
00=. R`d`
`d` i`s
i`sus w`f`
w`f`j j jmp`
mp`tata
atas @, dmtmisa
isa dana d`
d`n
n emp`t s`ng
ng`
`t pmntan
ntang
g
tmrut`h` untui hmnemg`j pmnuc`r`n y`ng cmfaj cu`s. Admntalai`sa h`rimr fakckga
`t`u hkcmeuc`r da`gnkstaes dmng`n pransap hmng`hpcalai`sa DN@.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Hmtkdm `p` y`ng hmnggun`i`n pransap imro` `hpcalai`sa DN@ sme`r` anvatrk;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?

@.
F. pkvmrs
Vmvm
Vm cyrsm
hmmrtr`n
``nse
tr smsera
ej `aakn
raptn nrmpkcy
ptak `ecyhm
pk tahmr`
kn r`sm
sm ej
ej`a
`an
n rm`e
rm`eta
takn
kn
E. Vmst
Vmstraraet
etak
akn
n Lr`
Lr`gh
ghmn
mntt Cmn
Cmngt
gtjj Rkc
Rkcyh
yhkr
krpj
pjas
ash
h
D. Askc`sa DN@
M. Lr`ghmnt`sa DN@

00<. Hmtkdm da`gnkstai hkcmiucmr tad`i j`ny` dagun`i`n d`c`h duna`

im
imsm
smj`
j`t`
t`n,
n, duna
duna`` lkrm
lkrmns
nsai
ai oug`
oug` s`
s`ng
ng`t
`t hmhf
hmhfututuj
uji`
i`n
n hmtk
hmtkdm
dm ana
ana d`c`
d`c`h
h
hmhfutai`n tand`i irahan`cat`s.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
U`hpmc `p`i`j y`ng p`cang f`ai dagun`i`n untui hmtkdm pmhmrais``n da`t`s;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. Uas` p`i`a`n
p`i`a`n
F. Rktkng`n r`hfut
 

JMH@TKCKGA

E. Uas` h`i`n
D. Uas` hanuh`n
M. F`r`ng y`ng tmrtangg`c

007
007. Mnzah
nzah G<RD fmrmrpm
pmrr`n hmc
hmcand
andunga hmhfr fr`
`nm mrat
mratrk
rks
sat d`ra kisad`
sad`n.
n.
Dmlas
Dmlasamn
amnsa
sa mnzah
mnzah tmrsmf
tmrsmfut
ut hmnym
hmnymfmf
fmfi`i`n
n mratr
mratrks
ksat
at cmf
cmfaj
aj rmnt`n
rmnt`n hmng`
hmng`c`h
c`haa
jmhkcatai d`n `nmha`.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @i`n tmrfmntui
tmrfmntui smc
smc `p`i`j
`p`i`j oai` tmro`da
tmro`da i`sus
i`sus smpmrta
smpmrta da`t`s;
da`t`s;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
@. Jmanz fkdy
F. jkwmcc okccy
E. Emntr`c p`cckr  
D. F`skpjacae
M. Drkp emccs

00:. Tmn`g` TCH hmnd`p`t pmhmrais``n ruoui`n Gcueksm-<-pjkspj`tm

dmjyd
dmjydrk
rkgm
gmn`s
n`sm
m (G<R
(G<RD)
D) p`d`
p`d` i`sus
i`sus `nmha`
`nmha` jmhkc
jmhkcata
atai.
i. Rmhmr
Rmhmrais
ais``n
``n ana
hmrup`i`n s`c`j s`tu p`r`hmtmr untui hmnmg`ii`n pmnymf`f `nmha`.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p`i`j pmnymf`f
pmnymf`f d`ra i`sus
i`sus da`t`s;
da`t`s;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. Rmruf`j`n
Rmruf`j`n hkrlkckga
hkrlkckga mratrksat
mratrksat
F. Rmnurun`n s smmny`w` gc
gcut`takn
E. Rmnurun`n mnzah jmiskian`sm
D. Rmnangi`t`n `itavat`s G<RD
M. Rmnan
mnangi
gi`
`t`n ouhc`
uhc`j
j hkcm
hkcmi iuc G<RD
<RD

001.
001. Umru
Umruhh ark
arkn
n hmru
hmrup`
p`i`
i`nn Tkt
Tkt`c
`c Lm smru
smruh
h tmr
tmrda
darra d`r
d`raa 12
12% tr`
tr`ns
nslm
lmra
ran
n d`n
d`n
02% lmratan. TAFE
TAFE (Tkt`c Arkn-Fandang
Arkn-Fandang E`p`eaty
E`p`eaty ) `d`c`j tkt`c fmsa y`ngy`ng d`p`t
daai`t kcmj `pktr`nslmran. R`d` i`sus `nmha` jmhkcatai c`ou pmhme`j`n mratrksat
d`n jmhm `i`n hmnangi`t.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
R`r`hmtmr `p` y`ng `i`n hmng`c`ha pmnurun`n i`d`r p`d` im`d``n da`t`s;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
@. TAFE
TAFE (T(Tkkt`
t`cc Arkn
Arkn-F
-Fan
anda
dang
ng E`p`
E`p`ea
eaty
ty )
F. Lmratan
E. Umruh arkn (UA)
D. Tr`nslmran
M. @pktr`nslmran

062
062. R`sa
`samn y`ng hmn
hmng`c`h
c`ha `nmha`
ha` dmlas
mlasaamns
mnsa fmsa
msa hmnd`p
d`p`t tmr
tmr`pa fms
fmsa,
smtmc`j
smtmc`j fmfmr`p
fmfmr`p`
` fuc`n
fuc`n hmno`c`
hmno`c`na
na tmr`pa
tmr`pa p`samn
p`samn hmng`c`
hmng`c`ha
ha Jmhkirk
Jmhkirkh`tk
h`tksas
sas
 

JMH@TKCKGA

`t
`t`u
`u imimcm
cmfa
faj`
j`n
n z`
z`tt fmsa
fmsa.. J`c
J`c ana
ana daim
daimt`
t`ju
juaa smtm
smtmc`
c`j
j hmc`
hmc`iu
iui`
i`n
n fmfm
fmfmr`
r`p`
p`
pmhmrais``n tmri`at st`tus fmsa dad`c`h tufuj.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
F`g`ah`n` I`d`r smruh arkn (UA) d`n lmratan p`d` im``d`n p`samn da`t`s ;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
@. Rmnang`i`t`n
F. Rmnurun`n
E. Nkrh`c
D. UA hmnang
angi`t d`n
d`n lmratan
atan hmnu
hmnurrun
M. UA hmnurun
run d`n lmratan
atan hmnan
nangi`t
i`t

060.
060. R`sa
R`samn
mn dmn
dmng`
g`nn Rm
Rmny
ny`i
`iat
at irk
irkna
nas
s das
das`r
`r`n
`ni`
i`n
n unt
untui
ui hmc
hmc`i
`iuiui`n
`n pmh
pmhmrmrai
ais`
s``n
`n
st`tus
st`t us Lm dad`c`h
dad`c`h tufuj.
tufuj. Tmn`g`
Tmn`g` TCH hmc`iuihmc`iui`n
`n pmhmrais
pmhmrais``n ``n Ut`tus
Ut`tus fmsa
fmsa
dmng`n p`r`hmtmr
p`r`hmtmr TAFE (Tkt`c Arkn-Fandang
Arkn-Fandang E`p`eaty
E`p`eaty ), Lmratan, Umruh arkn (UA)
d`n s`tur`sa tr`nslmran.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Fmrs`d`ri`n im`d``n da`t`s, R`r`hmtmr `p` y`ng hmng`c`ha pmnangi`t`n;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. TAFE (Tkt`c
(Tkt`c Arkn-Fandang
Arkn-Fandang E`p`eaty
E`p`eaty )
F. Lmratan
E. Umruh arkn (UA)
D. Tr`nslmran
M. U`tur`sa tr`nslmrran
066.
066. R`sa
R`samn
mn dmng
dmng`n`n gmc`
gmc`o`
o` cmui
cmuiks
ksat
atks
ksas
as dadu
dadug`
g` hmng
hmng`c`c`h
`haa cmuim
cmuimha
ha`
` smd`
smd`nng
hmno`c`na kfsmrv`sa untui hmnmg`ii`n da`gnks`, dkitmr hmhant` tmn`g` TCH
hmc`iui`n pmw`rn``n satkiah` R@U (pmrakdae `ead sejall) p`d` s`hpmc d`r`j
p`samn tmrsmfut.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p`i`j pransap
pransap hmtkdm
hmtkdm pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n da`t`s ;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. mnzah pmrkxad`sm
pmrkxad`sm
F. i`ndung`n cmh`i p`d` gr`nuc`
E. gcaikgmn
D. mnzah `ci`canm pjkspj`t`sm
M. gr`nuc`

065. R`d` i`sus cmuimha` dafutuji`n pmw`rn``n satkiah` d`c`h

hmngi
hmn gic`s
c`sala
alai`
i`sai
sai`n
`n omnas
omnas cmuik
cmuiksat
sat y`ng
y`ng hmnan
hmnangigi`t.
`t. Rmw`
Rmw`rn
rn``n
``n satkia
satkiaha`
ha`
pmrkxad`sm
pmrkxad` sm dmng`n hmtkdm
hmtkdm U`tk d`n Umiay` hmngg
hmnggun`i`n
un`i`n rm`gmn
rm`gmn EuUK4 2,=
g , Fmnzadanm f`s`, J6K6 5% , s`lr`nan 0 g.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p`i`j w`rn`
w`rn` smc
smc p`d` smda``n
smda``n j`pus
j`pus fac` j`sac pksatal;
pksatal;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @.
F. Jat`h
Hmr`j
 

JMH@TKCKGA

E. Ekic`t
D. Oangg`
M. Jao`u tu`

064.
064. Umkr
Umkr`n
`ngg tmn`
tmn`g`
g` TCH
TCH hmc`
hmc`iu
iui`
i`n
n pmhf
pmhfu`
u`t`
t`n
n smda
smda`n
`n j`p
j`pus
us`n
`n d`r
d`r`j
`j tmp
tmpaa
untui pmhmrais``n dall-ekunt. Rmngme`t`n smda`n j`pus`n d`r`j hmnggun`i`n
hmnggun`i`n
gamhs`
gamhs` dmng
dmng`n
`n ikhpk
ikhpksas
sasaa `z
`zur
ur mksa
mksan,
n, `z
`zur
ur hmtacm
hmtacmn
n fcum,
fcum, gca
gcasmr
smran
an d`n
d`n hmtac
hmtac
`cikjkc. Rmhf`e``n hmnggun`i`n kfymital 022x dmng`n kac ahmrsa. Rmc`rut `p`
y`ng dagun`i`n untui hmhfu`t gamhs` =2%;

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Fmrw`rn` `p`i`j smc p`d` smda``n j`pus`n tmrsmfut;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n?
 @. Faru
F. Faru imjat`h`n
E. Hmr`j
D. @fu-`fu
M. Jat`h

06=.
06=. Umkr
Umkr`n
`ng
g `n`
`n`ii c`i
c`ia-
a-c`
c`ia
ia fmru
fmrusa
sa`
` 1 t`j
t`jun
un da f`
f`w`
w` afun
afuny`
y` im dkit
dkitmr
mr dm
dmng
ng`n
`n
imcuj`n smrang pusang, sucat h`i`n, f`d`n tmr`s` cmh`s d`n fmriun`ng-iun`ng.
fmriun`ng-iun`ng.
J`sac pmhmrais``n `n`hnmsas dkitmr dad`p`ti`n iucat t`hp`i pue`t, cmhf`f d`n
dangan, eknoungtav`
eknoungtav` h`t` `nmhas, n`l`s pmndmi. Dkitmr hmhant` unui dac`iui`n
pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais` `n c`fkr`tkrauh untui hmngmt`jua
hmngmt`jua prktman y`ng hmng`ndung z`t fmsa
y`ng hmhacaia pmr`n d`c`h pmng`ngiut kisagmn d`n i`rfkn dakisad`.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` spmsahmn
spmsahmn y`ng
y`ng dap`i`a
dap`i`a d`c`h pmhmrais``
pmhmrais``n
n tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut ;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. ]ran
F. D`r`j
E. L`mems
D. Uputuh
M.Imrki`n iucat

06<.
06<. Rmhm
Rmhmrarais
is``
``n
n c`f
c`fkr
kr`t
`tkr
krau
auh
h dmn
dmngg`n hmng
hmnggu
gun`
n`i`
i`n
n t`fu
t`fung
ng rm`i
rm`isa
sa y`n
y`ng
dat`
dat`hf
hf`j
`ji`
i`nn rm`g
rm`g`n
`n dah`
dah`n`
n` rm`g
rm`gmn
mn anaana fmrl
fmrlun
ungs
gsaa untu
untuii hmng
hmngkikisa
sad`
d`sa
sa
jmhkgckfan
jmhkgckf an hmno`da hmtjmhkgckfan
hmtjmhkgckfan smrt` dat`hf`ji`n s`hpmc d`r`j smf`ny`i
62 ½c.
½c. T`fun
T`fung g dajkhk
dajkhkgm
gmni`
ni`nn d`n
d`n daani
daaniuf
uf`sa
`sa smc`h
smc`h` ` = hmnat
hmnat d`n
d`n daf`e
daf`e` `
hmnggun`i`n lktkhmtmr.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` rm`gmn
rm`gmn y`ng
y`ng dagun`i`n
dagun`i`n d``c`h
d``c`h pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut ;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. @s`h jmh`tan
jmh`tan
F
E.. Jq
@ Euc `2d,0msNt
 

JMH@TKCKGA

D. Dr`fian
M. N`Ec

067.
067. J`s
J`sac pmng
pmngui
uiur
ur`n
`n i`d`
i`d`rr jmhk
jmhkgc
gckf
kfan
an hmtk
hmtkdm
dm U`jc
U`jcaa dapm
dapmrk
rkcm
cmj
j pmne`
mne`p`
p`a`
a`n
n
w`rn`
w`rn` smny`w
smny`w`` `s`h
`s`h jmh`tan
jmh`tan y`ng
y`ng damnemr
damnemri`n
i`n dmng`n
dmng`n `qu`dm
`qu`dms s hmne`p`
hmne`p`aa
w`rn` s`h` dmng`n w`rn` st`nd`r hmnunouii`n si`c` p`d` `ngi` 0=,6. R`samn
y`ng dapmrais` `d`c`j afu usa` 52 tj, tmi`n`n d`r`j 002/72 hhJg. Umtmc`j
daiknlarh`sa dmng`n nac`a jmh`tkirat e`r` hairk dapmrkcmj nac`a jmh`tkirat 56%.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` l`itkr
l`itkr y`ng hmhfmra ims`c`j`n
ims`c`j`n p`d` pmhmrais``
pmhmrais``n
n jmhkgckfan
jmhkgckfan tmrsmfut;
tmrsmfut;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Tad`i hmhfac`s
hmhfac`s papmt jf
F. Hmhfac`s papmt dmng`n Jec
E. Ut`nd`r jf w`rn`ny` pue`t
D. U`hpmc hm
hmnggun`i`n d` d`r`j MD
MDT@
M. U`hp
`hpmc hmng
hmngggun`i`n
i`n d`r`j
r`j i`pacmr 
acmr 

06:. R`d` pmhmrais``n h`nu`c jatung ouhc`j smc d`r`j putaj dmng`n
hmnggun`i`n papmt tjkh` cmuiksat, d`r`j dajas`p s`hp`a t`nd` 2,= dat`hf`j
c`rut`n `s`h cmh`j s`hp`a t`nd` 00 y`ng fmrtuou`n untui hmhfu`t d`r`j
hmno`da mnemr d`n mratrksat `i`n jmhkcasas.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` C`rut`n
C`rut`n y`ng
y`ng dagun`i`n
dagun`i`n untui
untui hmcasasi`n
hmcasasi`n smc tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut ;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. JEC
F. IEN
E. J6UK4
D. N@. Eatr`t
M. @s. @emt`t

061. Rmtug`s pjcmfktkhy hmc`iui`n pmng`hfac`n d`r`j vmn`, y`ng

dagun
dag un`i
`i`n
`n untu
untui
i pmhmr
pmhmrais
ais``n
``n jatun
jatungg ouhc`j
ouhc`j smc
smc cmiks
cmiksat,
at, jatun
jatung
g ouhc`j
ouhc`j smc
smc
trkhfksa
trkh fksat,
t, jatung
jatung ouhc`j
ouhc`j smc mratrksa
mratrksat,
t, jatung
jatung omnas
omnas cmuiksa
cmuiksat,
t, pmhmrais
pmhmrais``n
``n nac`a
nac`a
jmh`tkirat d`n pmhfu`t`n U@DT.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c
T`fung v`iuh h`n`i`j y`ng dapacaj untui impmrcu`n tmrsmfut ;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n
 @. Faru
F. Jao`u
E. ] ngu
D. Hmr`j
M. @fu `fu

052.
052. R`d`
R`d` pmhm
pmhmra
rais
is``
``n
n jat
jatun
ung
g ouh
ouhc`
c`j
j smc
smc dmng
dmng`n
`n hmng
hmnggu
gun`
n`i`
i`n
n i`h
i`h`r
`r jatu
jatung
ng
Ahprkvmd Nmuf`umr, smc dajatung p`d` 4 fad`ng fms`r p`d` sudut i`h`r jatung
 

JMH@TKCKGA

hmnggun`i`n cmns` kfymital

hmnggun`i`n kfymital 02Z datmhui`n smc dmng`n eara-eara fmrfmntui fuc`t,
hmhacaia anta d`n satkpc`sh` tr`sp`r`n smf`ny`i 62 smc.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Fmr`p` ouhc`j smc p`d` pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut d`c`h hh5 d`r`j ;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. 62 smc/hh5 d`r`j
F. <6 smc/hh5 d`r`j
E. 0.222 smc/hh5 d`r`j
D. 42.222 sm
smc/hh5 d`
d`r`j
M. 622.222 smc/hh5 d`r`j

050.
050. R`d`
R`d` pmhm
pmhmrarais
is``
``n
n jat
jatun
ung
g ouh
ouhc`
c`j
j smc
smc dmng
dmng`n
`n hmng
hmnggu
gun`
n`i`
i`n
n i`h
i`h`r
`r jatu
jatung
ng
Ahprkvmd Nmuf`umr, smc dajatung p`d` = fad`ng smd`ng hmnggun`i`n cmns`
kfymital 42Z datmhui`n smc dmng`n eara-eara fmrfmntui fuc`t d`n tad`i hmhacaia
gr`nuc` smf`ny`i 622 smc
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Fmr`p` ouhc`j smc p`d` pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut d`c`h hh5 d`r`j ;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. 622 smc / hh5 d`r`j
d`r`j
F. 02.222 smc / hh5 d`r`j
E. 422.222 smc / hh5 d`r`j
D. <6=.222 smc / hh5 d`r`j
M. 6.222.222 smc / hh5 d`r`j

056.
056. Rmhm
Rmhmra
rais
is`n
`n c`fk
c`fkr`
r`tk
tkra
rauh
uh jatu
jatung
ng ouhc
ouhc`j
`j smc
smc mra
mratr
trks
ksat
at dmng
dmng`n
`n hmng
hmnggu
gun`
n`i`
i`n
n
papmtt tjkh`,
papm tjkh`, dah`n`
dah`n` d`r`j
d`r`j dmng`n
dmng`n pmn`hf`
pmn`hf`j`n
j`n `taik`g
`taik`guc`n
uc`n dajas`p
dajas`p s`hp`a
s`hp`a
t`nd`
t`n d` 2,= d`n
d`n dat`h
dat`hf`j
f`j rm`gm
rm`gmnn s`hp`
s`hp`aa t`nd`
t`nd` 00. UmtmUmtmc`j
c`j dajkh
dajkhkg
kgmni
mni`n
`n
dafu`ng 4 tmtms d`n s`hpmc dah`suii`n imi`h`r jatung ahprkvmd Nmuf`umr 
d`n dajatung p`d` = ikt`i smd`ng.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Fmr`p` pmngmnemr`n d`c`h pmhmrais``n jatung ouhc`j smc tmrsmfut ;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. 02Z
F. 62Z
E. =2Z
D. 022Z
M. 622Z

055
055. Tu`n U`nt
`ntks` d`t`ng
`ng im c`f
c`fkr`t
r`tkrau
rauh untui
tui hmc
hmc`iu
`iui`n pmh
pmhmrais
rais`
``n
d`r`j s`c`j s`tuny` `d`c`j pmhmrais``n jatung ouhc`j smc dmng`n eara-eara smc
fuc`tt d`n tad`i
fuc` tad`i fmrg`r`n
fmrg`r`nuc`.
uc`. Dand`
Dand` smkr`n
smkr`ng g @TCH
@TCH hmc`iui`
hmc`iui`nn pmhmrai
pmhmrais``
s``nn
hmngg
hmn ggun`
un`i`
i`nn t`fun
t`fungg rm`i
rm`isa
sa y`ng
y`ng dat`hf
dat`hf`ji
`ji`n
`n rm`gm
rm`gmn
n smf`n
smf`ny`
y`i
i 6222
6222½c½c,,
imhuda`n rm`gmn tmrsmfut da`hfac smf`ny`i 02½c d`n dag`ntai`n d`r`j smf`ny`i
02½cc d`c`h
02½ d`c`h t`fung
t`fung tmrsmfu
tmrsmfut.
t. U`hpmc
U`hpmc dajkhkgm
dajkhkgmni`ni`n
n d`n dah`suii
dah`suii`n
`n d`c`h
d`c`h
i`h`r jatung Ahprkvmd Nmuf`umr d`n dajatung d`c`h = ikt`i smd`ng.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 

JMH@TKCKGA

Fmr`p` nac`a nkrh`c d`ra jatung ouhc`j smc tmrsmfut;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. =2-522 smc/hh5
smc/hh5
F. 4,=-=,= out` smc/hh5
E. 4.222-02.222 smc/hh5
D. 6=.222-7=.222 smc/hh5
M. 622.222-=22.222 smc/hh5
054.
054. R`sa
R`samn
mn dmng
dmng`n
`n da`g
da`gnk
nks`
s` dmh`
dmh`hh fmrd`
fmrd`r`
r`j,
j, dac`
dac`iu
iui`
i`n
n pmhmr
pmhmraiais`
s``n
`n ruta
rutan
n
d`r`j cmngi`p
cmngi`p dmng`n
dmng`n hmnggun`i`n
hmnggun`i`n `c`t jmh`tkckgy
jmh`tkckgy `n`cyzmr
`n`cyzmr dah`n` p`d`
pmhmrais``n ana ouhc`j trkhfksat y`ng daimtmhui`n `d`c`j :2.222 smc/½C d`r`j.

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p`i`j y`ng dac`iui`n
dac`iui`n untui
untui v`cad`sa
v`cad`sa j`sac
j`sac tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut ;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Hmngkeki s`hpmc
F. Hmnguc`nga pmng`hfac`n d`r`j
E. J`sa
J`sacc su
sud`
d`jj v`ca
v`cad
d i`rm
i`rmn`n` sm
smsu
su`a`a dmng
dmng`n
`n da`g
da`gnk
nksa
sas
s
D. Hmc`
Hmc`iuiui`
i`nn ikn
iknlalarh
rh`s`saa j`s
j`sacac dmng
dmng`n`n `pu
`pus`
s`nnd
d`r
`r`j
`j tmpa
tmpa
M. Hmny
Hmnymr mr`j
`ji`
i`nn j`s
j`sacac tmrs
tmrsmf
mfut
ut imp`
imp`d` d` dkit
dkitmr
mr y`ng
y`ng fmrt
fmrtug
ug`s
`s

05=
05=. Rmhm
mhmrais
ais``n
``n ouhc
ouhc``j smc
smc trk
trkhfk
hfksat hmnggun
ggun` `i`n tmi
tminai darmi
armi dmng`n
 @hknauh Kis`c`t 0%, j`sac pmhmrais``n pmhmrais``n dac`iui`n
dac`iui`n kcmj 6 tminasa. Tminasa 0
hmhmrcui`n w`itu untui pmhmrais``n smc`h`02 hmnat, tminasa im-6 hmhmrcui`n
w`itu 42 hmnat. J`sac tminasa im 0 `d`c`j 7:.222smc /hhi d`n j`sac tminasa im 6
`d`c`j =6.222 smc/hhi.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Hmng`p` tmro`da pmrfmd``n j`sac pmhmrais``n jatung ouhc`j tmrsmfut ;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
@. Ut`f
Ut`fac
acat
at`s
`s trk
trkhf
hfksksat
at d`c`
d`c`h h `hk
`hkna
nauh
uh kis`
kis`c`c`tt 0% `p`f
`p`fac
ac`
` > 52h
52hmn
mnat
at
`i`n casas
F. Mrat
Mratrk
rksa
satt rkuc
rkucm`
m`ux
ux smja
smjang
ngg`g` hmng
hmngg`
g`ng
nggu
gu pmng
pmng`h`h`t`t`n
`n
E. Cmui
Cmuiksksat
at s`
s`ca
cang
ng hmcm
hmcmi`i`tt hmng
hmngg`g`ng
nggu
gu pmrj
pmrjat
atun
ung`
g`n n
D. Trkhf
rkhfk ksat tr
tr`ns
`nsp`r
`r`n
`n//tad`
tad`ii fmr
fmrw`rn`
M. Tmro`dany` ga ga`nt tr
trkhfksat

05<.
05<. Tan`
Tan` smkr
smkr`n
`ng
g TCH
TCH `i`
`i`n
n hmc`
hmc`iu
iui`
i`n
n jat
jatun
ung
g ouhc
ouhc`j
`j trkh
trkhfk
fksa
satt e`r`
e`r` c`ng
c`ngsu
sung
ng
hmtkdm t`fung dmng`n e`r` 62 ½c d`r`j dat`hf`ji`n im d`c`h 5,1: hc rm`gmn
 @hknauh kis`c`t 0%. Umtmc`j dac`iui`n
dac`iui`n pmrjatung`n
pmrjatung`n dad`p`ti`n
dad`p`ti`n 0=2 smc
trkhfksat d`c`h 6= ikt`i smd`ng da tmng`j.

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Fmr`p`i`j ouhc`j trkhfksat d`c`h hhµ ;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 

JMH@TKCKGA

 @. 0=2.222 smc.

F. 622.222 smc.
E. 6=2.222 smc.
D. 522.222 smc.
M. 5=2.222 smc.

057.
057. Rmhm
Rmhmrarais
is``
``nn ana
ana h
hmh
mhac
acai
aiaa ta
tag`
g` pmng
pmnggu
gun`
n``n
`n ut`h
ut`h`
` y`a
y`atu
tu sm
smf`
f`g`
g`aa `c`t
`c`t f`n
f`ntu
tu
hmndmtmisa prksms pmr`d`ng`n, hmh`nt`u pmro`c`n`n pmny`iat, d`n pmn`pas`n
pmr`d`ng`n. Rmhmrais``n ana rmc`tal tad`i smnsatal d`n spmsalai i`rmn` dapmng`ruja
f`ny`i l`itkr tminas. Rmhmrais``n ana d`p`t hmnggun`i`n t`fung wmtmrgrmn d`n
t`fung wantrkfm

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p`i`j n`h` pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut ;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
@. CM D
F. Jmh`tkirat
E. Andmx mratrksat
D. Fcmmdang tahm
M. Kshktae lr`gacaty tms

05:. Rmhmrais``n C`ou Mnd`p D`r`j/ CMD dagun`i`n untui hmnguiur 

imemp
ime mp`t
`t`n
`n smdah
smdahmnt
mnt`s
`saa mratr
mratrks
ksat
at da d`c`h
d`c`h Rc`sh
Rc`sh`.
`. R`d`
R`d` pmhmr
pmhmrais
ais``
``n
n CMD
CMD
hmtkdm Wmstmrgrmn l`sm pmngmnd`p`n
pmngmnd`p`n daf`ga hmno`da 5. L`sm 0 fmrc`ngsung 2-
52 hmnat, l`sm i-6 9 52 hmnat- 0 o`h d`n l`sm im-5 fmrc`ngsung 0 o`h -6 o`h.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` y`ng
y`ng tmro`da
tmro`da p`d` l`sm
l`sm imdu` pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut ;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Rmngmnd`p`n
Rmngmnd`p`n c`hf`t
c`hf`t
F. Mratrksast hmc`y`n`g-c`y`ng
E. Mratrksat hm
hmng`c`ha `g`gcutan`sa
D. Mratr`sat hm
hmng`c`ha pmpmh`d`t`n
M. Mra
Mratrks
trksatat hmng`
mng`cc`ha
`ha rkuc
rkucm`
m`uux lkr
lkrh
h`t
`tak
aknn

051.
051. Va
Vas`
s` sm
smkr
kr`n
`ng
g @TC
@TCHH fmim
fmimro
ro`
` da c`fk
c`fkr`
r`tk
tkra
rauh
uh ican
icanai
ai d`n
d`n hmc
hmc`i
`iui
ui`n
`n smfu
smfu`j
`j
pmhmrais``n dmng`n e`r` hmh`suii`n e`hpur`n d`r`j MDT@ d`n N`Ec 2,:=%
imd`c`h t`fung wmstmrgrmmn d`n dacmt`ii`n p`d` r`i wmstmrgrmmn dmng`n sai`p
tmg`i curus imhuda`n j`sacny` da`h`ta smtmc`j datunggu fmfmr`p` s``t.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p`i`j y`ng daf`e`
daf`e` untui
untui hmnd`p`ti`n
hmnd`p`ti`n j`sac
j`sac p`d`
p`d` pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut ;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Tangga fully
fully ek`t
F. Tangga mratrksat
 

JMH@TKCKGA

E. W`rn` pc`sh`
D. Tangga pc`sh`
M. W`rn` smruh

042. R`samn afu j`hac uhur 61 tj, prkgnksas dkitmr suspmi `nmha`.
Rmhmrais``n jmh`tkckga y`ng dahant` andmi mratrksat d`n hkrlkckga mratrksat untui
da`gnksas `nmha`. Dapmrkcmj nac`a HE\? <= lc, HEJ? 62 pg d`n HEJE? 60%
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` imc`an`n
imc`an`n hkrlkckga
hkrlkckga mratrksat
mratrksat d`ra d`t` tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut ;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Nkrhksatai nkrhkirkhai
nkrhkirkhai
F. Hairksatai nk
nkrhkirkhai
E. Nkrhksatai japkirkhai
D. Hairksatai ja
japmrirkhai
M. Hairksatai jjaapkirkhai

040
040. Rmhm
mhmrais
ais``n
``n c`f
c`fkr
kr`
`tkr
tkrauh
auh d`r`j
r`j cmngi
ngi`p y`ng dac`iu
c`iui
i`n kcmj
cmj @TCH
datmhui`n
datmhui` n j`sac pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n i`d`r jmhkgckfan 06 g/dc, jmh`tkirat 5<%, ouhc`j
mratrksat 4.222.222 smc/hh5, ouhc`j cmuiksat 4.=22 smc/hh5 d`n ouhc`j trkhfksat
602.22 smc/hh5
Rmrt`ny``n
Fmr`p` nac`a vkcuhm mratrksat r`t`-r`t` p`d` i`sus tmrsmfut ;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n
 @. 6< lmhtkcatmr 
lmhtkcatmr 
F. 52 lmhtkcatmr  
E. :4 lmhtkcatmr  
D. 12 lmhtkcatmr  
M. 062 lmhtkcatmr  

046.
046. Umkr
Umkr`n
`ng
g pmtu
pmtug`
g`s
s c`fk
c`fkrr`tkr
`tkrau
auh
h hmc`
hmc`iu
iui`
i`n
n `n`c
`n`cas
asas
as tmrj
tmrj`
`d`p
d`p j`sa
j`sacc Nac`
Nac`aa
Mratrksat V`t`-r`t` (NMV). J`sac y`ng dad`p`t hmnunouii`n nac`a HE\ 76 lC, HEJ
65 pg, HEJE 56%.

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
F`g`ah`n` g`hf`r`n mratrksat p`d` Umda``n @pus D`r`j (U@D) tmrsmfut;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. NkrhksataiNkrhkir
NkrhksataiNkrhkirkh
kh
F. H`irksataiJapmrirkh
E. HairksataiJapkirkh
D. Rkaiacksatksas
M. @nasksatksas

045
045. R`d`
`d` pmhm
pmhmrrais`
is``n c`f
c`fkr`tk
`tkrauh
rauh jatu
atung omn
omnas cmuiks
iksat datm
atmhui
hui`n smc
smc
dmng`n eara-eara smc fmruiur`n
fmruiur`n 00-05 ½c, fmrfmntui
fmrfmntui fuc`t, anta smc tad`i tmrcaj`t omc`s
 

JMH@TKCKGA

i`rmn` tmrtutup gr`nuc`. Uatkpc`sh` smhpat, gr`nuc` i`s`r d`n fms`r, fmrw`rn`
ungu dkngimr. G`hf`r smc smpmrta fmraiut ana ?

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` n`h` smc y`ng datmhui`n
datmhui`n p`d` pmhmrais`
pmhmrais``n
`n tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut ;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
@. F`sklac
F. Cahlksat
E. Mksanklac
D. F`t`ng nmtrklac
M. Umghmn nmtrklac

044.
044. D`r
D`r`j dah
dah`s
`sui
uii`
i`n
n d`c`
d`c`hh t`fu
t`fungng jmh
jmh`t`tki
kiraratt ¾ t`fun
t`fung,
g, s`c
s`c`j
`j s`t
s`tu
u uoun
uoung
g
t`fung datutup dmhpuc, d`n dasmntralusm dmng`n smntralusm jmh`tkirat. R`d` j`sac
pmhmrais``n tmrcaj`t s`hpmc pc`sh` fmrw`rn` fmrw`rn` hmr`j y`ng smjrusny`
fmrw`rn` iunang omrnaj.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` ims`c`j`n
ims`c`j`n tminai y`ng hmnymf`fi`n
hmnymf`fi`n imtad`i `fnkrh`c`n `fnkrh`c`n w`rn` p`d`
pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut ;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
@. T`fung hahairkjmh`tkirat f` f`s`j
F. W`itu pm
pmhusang`n tmrc`cu emp`t
E. Imem
memp`t`n pmhus
mhusan
ang
g`n tmr
tmrc`
c`ccu fm
fms`r 
D. V`sa
V`sak
k d`r`
d`r`jj dmng
dmng`n
`n `nta
`ntaik
ik`g
`gucuc`n
`n cmfa
cmfaj
j d`ra
d`ra dksa
dksas s
M. Hmh`
Hmh`s`s`ng
ng t`fu
t`fung
ng ha
hair
irk
k p`d`
p`d` ha hair
irks
ksmn
mntr
tral
alau
aus
s tmrf
tmrf`c
`cai
ai

04=.
04=. @c`t
@c`t rm`
rm`ddang
ang dmva
dmvaemem unt
untui
ui hmn
hmnmt mt`p
`pi`
i`n
n nac`
nac`aa jmh`t
jmh`tkikira
ratt `d`
`d` ikhp
ikhpkn
knmn
mn
y`ng
y`n g hkfacm
hkfacm (fas`
(fas` dagms
dagmsmrmr gmsmr
gmsmr)) y`atu
y`atu pc`tm
pc`tm untui
untui hmnm
hmnmhp`hp`titi`n
`n t`fu
t`fung
ng
hairkjmh`tkirat d`n hast`r.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
F`g`ah`
F`g `ah`n`
n` pksasa
pksasa hmnmhp`
hmnmhp`ti`n ti`n hast`r
hast`r y`ng
y`ng fmn`r
fmn`r untui
untui hmnmt`p
hmnmt`pi`ni`n nac`a
nac`a
jmh`tkirat;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. G`ras p`d`
p`d` hast`r pksasany`
pksasany` tmp`t p`d`
p`d` fullyek`t
fullyek`t
F. G`ra
G`rass p`d
p`d` ` has
hast`t`rr pks
pksas
asan
any`
y` tm
tmp`
p`tt daf
daf`w
`w`j`j full
fullye
yek`
k`tt
E. G`ra
G`rass p`d`
p`d` hahast
st`r
`r dat
datmh
mhp`
p`ti
ti`n
`n p`d
p`d`` pksa
pksasa
sa da`
da`t`
t`s
s ful
fully
lyek
ek`t`t
D. Ha
Hast
st`r
`r rm`
rm`da
dang
ng dmv
dmvaeaem
m pksa
pksasa
sany
ny`
` tmp`
tmp`tt p`d`
p`d` pmr
pmrhuhui`
i``n
`n mra
mratr
trks
ksat
at

M. Hast`r
Hast`r rm`dan
rm`dang
g dmv
dmvaem
aem datmhp
datmhp`ti
`ti`n
`n p`d`
p`d` pksas
pksasaa tmp
tmp`t
`t daf`w
daf`w`j
`j fully
fullyek
ek`t
`t
 

JMH@TKCKGA

04<.
04<. R`d`
R`d` su`t
su`tu
u pmhm
pmhmrarais
is``
``nn tmrs
tmrsmd
mda`
a` `c`
`c`tt d`n
d`n f`j`
f`j`nn smpm
smpmrt
rtaa c`
c`ne
nemt
mt pmn
pmn,, fckk
fckkd
d
c`nemt,
c`nemt, stkp w`tej,
w`tej, imrt`s
imrt`s s`rang
s`rang d`n i`p`s
i`p`s `cikjkc.
`cikjkc. Rmhmrais
Rmhmrais``n``n dac`iui
dac`iui`n
`n
dmng`n hmcui`a eupang tmcang` d`n d`r`j y`ng imcu`r dajas`pi`n p`d` imrt`s
s`rang. J`sac pmhmrais``n dac`pkri`n d`c`h s`tu`n hmnat.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c ?
 @p`i`j hmtkdm y`ng
y`ng dagun`i`n
dagun`i`n p`d`
p`d` pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut;
tmrsmfut;
Racaj`n o`w`f`n ?
 @. Kfomet gc`ss
gc`ss
F. Cmm `nd wjatm
E. T`fung
D. Duim
M. Avy

047.
047. Rmhm
Rmhmrarais
is``
``n
n D`y`
D`y` T`j`
T`j`nn Kshkt
shktaiai Mrat
Mratrk
rksa
satt fmrt
fmrtuo
uou`
u`n
n untui
ntui hmng
hmngmt
mt`j
`jua
ua
imt`j`n
imt` j`n`n`n dandang
dandang hmhfr`n
hmhfr`n mratrksa
mratrksatt p`d`
p`d` c`rut`n
c`rut`n japktkna
japktknai,
i, dah`n`
dah`n` mratrksa
mratrksatt
d`c`h c`rut`n japktknas `i`n hmhfmngi`i d`n casas. Rmrhuc` Rmrhuc``n`n jmhkcasas d`p`t
daimt`juaa dmng`n `d`ny` e`ar`n y`ng fmrw`rn`
daimt`ju fmrw`rn` iunang imekic`t`n d`n mnd`p`n
mratrksat p`d` d`s`r t`fung.
Cm`d an
Fmr`p` nac`a nkrh`c ikndasa tmrsmfut ;
Kptakn
 @. 2,62 ― 2,6=%
2,6=%
F. 2,52 ― 2,5=%
E. 2,42 ― 2,4=%
D. 2,= ― 2,==%
M. 2,< ― 2,<=%

04:
04:. Umkr
mkr`ng c`ia-c
ia-c`
`ia fmr
mru
usa`
sa` 5< t`
t`j
jun d`t`n
t`ng im dkit
kitmr dmng
dmng`
`n imcu
mcuj`n
g`t`c-g`t`c smcuruj tufuj, hmr`t` d`n t`hp`i hmhmr`j da smcuruj iucat. Gmo`c`
ana dar`s`i`n 6 o`h smtmc`j h`i`n impatang. Vaw`y`t `sh` p`d` w`itu imeac (+).
Dkitmr hmnda`gnksas dmng`n urtai`ra` (fadur`n).

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` n`h` smc y`ng smrang datmhu`n
datmhu`n p`d`
p`d` p`samn
p`samn urtai`ra`
urtai`ra` ;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Umc trkhfksat
trkhfksat
F. Umc mksanklac
E. Umc nmutrklac
D. Umc cahlksat
M. Umc mratrksat

041.
041. Ra
Rat`
t` sm
smkr
kr`n
`ng
g @TC
@TCH
H hmc
hmc`i
`iui
ui`n
`n pmhm
pmhmra
rais
is``
``n
n dmn
dmng`
g`n
n hmn
hmngg
ggun
un`i
`i`n
`n papm
papmtt
tjkh`, dah`n` d`r`j dajas`p s`hp`a t`nd` 0 d`n damnemri`n dmng`n rm`gmn
y`ng
y`ng hmhfm
hmhfmrai
rai`n
`n w`rn
w`rn`
` hmr`j
hmr`j p`d`
p`d` gr`nu
gr`nuc`
c` smc
smc s`hp`
s`hp`aa t`nd`
t`nd` 00.
00. R`d`
R`d`
pmhmrais``n ana Rat` hmngjatung smc dmng`n eara-eara fmrfmntui fuc`t, fmrgr`nuc`
 

JMH@TKCKGA

fmrw`rn` hmr`j,d`n hmhacaia anta tr`nsp`r`n. Umc ana dajatung hmngguni`n i`h`r 
jatun
jatungg Luej
Luej Vksmntj
Vksmntj`c`c dajatu
dajatung
ng p`d`0<
p`d`0< ikt`i
ikt`i smd`ng
smd`ng dmng
dmng`n
`n f`ntu
f`ntu`n
`n
hairksikp p`d` cmns` kfymital 02Z.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` rm`gmn
rm`gmn y`ng dagun`i`n
dagun`i`n d`c`h pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut ;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Turi
F. J`ymh
E. Dungmr  
D. Vmss meimr  
M. Fraca`nt ermsy fcum

0=2.
0=2. Umkr
Umkr`n
`ngg `n`
`n`i i c`i
c`ia-
a-c`
c`ia
ia fmru
fmrusa
sa`
` 1 t`j
t`jun
un da f`
f`w`
w` afun
afuny`
y` im dkit
dkitmr
mr dm
dmng
ng`n
`n
imcuj`n smrang pusang. R`samn oug` hmng`c`ha sucat h`i`n, f`d`n tmr`s` cmh`s
d`n smrang fmriun`ng-iun`ng. J`sac pmhmrais``n dkitmr dad`p`ti`n TF ? 022
eh9 FF ? 62 ig9 iucat t`hp`i pue`t, cmhf`f d`n dangan9 eknoungtav` h`t` `nmhas,
n`l`s pmndmi. Oai` d`c`h pmhmrais``n c`fkr`tkrauh
c`fkr`tkrauh darmne`n`i`n
darmne`n`i`n pmhmrais``n
untui hmcaj`t rmtaiucksat y`ng tmrd`p`t d`c`h smc mratrksat.

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` tmjnai
tmjnai pmw`rn``n
pmw`rn``n supr`vat`c
supr`vat`c y`ng fas`
fas` dagun`i`n
dagun`i`n ;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Gamhs`
Gamhs`
F. Uud`n Fc`ei
E. _amjc Namcsmn
D. Fracca`nt Ermsyc Fcum
M. Nmw Hmtjycmn Fcum

0=0
0=0. Rmny
mnyahp
ahp`n`n s`hpmc
hpmc d`r `r`
`j hmrup`
up`i`n l`i
l`itkr pr``n`
`n`cata
atai y`ng d`p`t
hmhpm
hmh pmng
ng`ru
`ruja
ja j`sac
j`sac pmhmr
pmhmraisais``
``n.
n. Rmng
Rmnggun
gun``
``nn `ntai
`ntaik`
k`gu
guc`n
c`n MDT@
MDT@ p`d`
p`d`
pmrjatung`n ouhc`j rmtaiucksat hmhpuny`a f`t`s c`h` h`isah`c pmnyahp`n`n.

Rmrt`ny``n
Fmr`p` c`h`Uk`c ?
h`isah`c pmnyahp`n`n s`hpmc untui pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n
 @. 0 o`h
F. 6 o`h
E. 5 o`h
D. 4 o`h
M. < o`h

0=6.
0=6. Umsm
Umsmkr
kr`n
`ng
g y`n
y`ng
g hmn
hmng`
g`c`
c`ha
ha imc
imc`a
`an`
n`nn d`c
d`c`h
`h d`r
d`r`j
`j y`
y`ng
ng dasm
dasmf`
f`fi
fi`n
`n kcmj
kcmj
fmntui `fnkrh`c
`fnkrh`c d`ra jmhkgckfa
jmhkgckfann h`i` dapmrcui`n
dapmrcui`n tms d`r`j y`ngy`ng dac`iui`n
dac`iui`n
untui hmhmrais` tapm-tapm jmhkgckfan d`c`h d`r`j. J`sac tms ana s`ng`t pmntang
d`c`h
d`c`h hmnmg`ii
hmnmg`ii`n
`n hmny`iat
hmny`iat smpmrta
smpmrta tj`c`ss
tj`c`ssmha`
mha`,, saecm
saecm emcc
emcc,, `nmha`
`nmha` `pc`sta
`pc`stae,
e,
cmuimha` dcc.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 

JMH@TKCKGA

 Hmtkdm `p`i`j y`ng tmp`t untui tmst tmrsmfut

Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Ahpmd`nsa
Ahpmd`nsa
F. Lcukrksmnsa
E. Mcmitrklkrmsas
D. irkh`tkgr`la
M. V`dak ahunk `ss`y

0=5.
0=5. Umkr
Umkr`n
`ngg @TC
@TCHH dah
dahan
ant`
t` dkit
dkitmr
mr un
untu
tui
i hmc`
hmc`iu
iui`
i`nn pmh
pmhmr
mrai
ais`
s``n
`n jmhk
jmhkgcgckf
kfan
an
mitrklkrmsas p`d` f`ya f`ru c`jar. F`ya f`ru c`jar hmhacaia tapm jmhkgckfan y`ng
hmh`ng
hmh` ng nkrh`c
nkrh`c fmr`d`
fmr`d` d`c`h
d`c`h d`r`j.
d`r`j. Jmhkgckf
Jmhkgckfan an mcmi
mcmitrkl
trklkrms
krmsas
as `d`c`j
`d`c`j tms
d`r`j
d`r `j y`ng
y`ng dacdac`iu
`iui`
i`n
n untui
untui hmhmra
hmhmraisis`
` tapm-t
tapm-tapm
apm jmhkg
jmhkgckckfan
fan d`c`h
d`c`h d`r`j
d`r`j..
Mcmitrkl
Mcmi trklkrms
krmsas
as hmrup`i`
hmrup`i`n n s`c`j
s`c`j s`tu e`r`
e`r` untui
untui hmhas`j
hmhas`ji`n
i`n prktman
prktman-prk
-prktman
tman
`t`u z`t-z`t c`an y`ng fmrhu`t`n, has`cny` prktman smruh, prktman hmhfr`n,
DN@.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` tapm jmhkgckfan
jmhkgckfan y`ng `i`n
`i`n daouhp`a
daouhp`a p`d` pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut.
tmrsmfut. ;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Jmhkgckfan
Jmhkgckfan E
F. Jmhkgckfan M
E. Jmhkgckfan L
D. Jmhkgckfan U
M. Jmhkgckfan @6

0=4.
0=4. Dmla
Dmlasa
samn
mnsa
sa gcu
gcuik
iks`
s`-<-<-l
-lks
ksl`
l`tt dmjy
dmjydr
drkg
kgmn
mn`s
`sm
m (G<R
(G<RD)
D) ``d`
d`c`
c`j
j su`t
su`tu
u imc`
imc`an
an`n
`n
gmn p`d` irkhkskh Z y`ng hmhpmng`ruja smc d`r`j hmr`j y`atu smc d`r`j
hmr`j
hmr` j hud`j
hud`j rus`i
rus`i `iaf`t
`iaf`t fmrf`g
fmrf`g`a`a g`n
g`nggu
ggu`n
`n kisad`s
kisad`saa smpmrta
smpmrta kf`t-kf`
kf`t-kf`t`n,
t`n,
f`j`n iaha`, anlmisa, dcc. Ikndasa tmrsmfut hmnymf`fi`n smc d`r`j hmr`j pme`j
y`ng imhuda`n hmhaeu tmro`dany` `nmha` jmhkcatai.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?

 @p` y`ng j`rus dapmrj`tai`n p`d` prmp`r`t tmrsmfut ;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Ouhc`j smc
smc cmiksat hmnurun
F. Ouhc`j trtrkhfksat hmhmnangi`t
E. Ouhc`j smsmc mr
mratrksat hm
hmnangi`t
D. An
Ani
icus
cusa p`d` mrmrat
atrk
rks
sat hmn
hmnang
angi`t
M. Fmntu
mntuii, w`
w`rn
rn`,
`, d`n uiuiur`n mrat
ratrk
rks
sat

0==.
0==. G<RD
G<RD Hmr
Hmrup
up`i
`i`n
`n mnz
mnzah
ah y`n
y`ng
g fmrp
fmrpmr
mr`n
`n d`
d`c`h
c`h prks
prksms
ms pmh
pmhfmfmnt
ntui
ui`n
`n d`n
d`n
pmrkhf`i
pmrkhf`i`n `n smc d`r`j
d`r`j hmr`j.
hmr`j. Imc`an`n
Imc`an`n mnzah
mnzah G<RD
G<RD hmnymf`
hmnymf`fi`fi`n
n prksms
prksms
pmhfmntui`n d`n pmrkhf`i`n smc d`r`j hmr`j hmno`da tad`i nkrh`c d`n p`d`
ik
iknd
ndas
asaa dmla
dmlasa
samn
mnsa
sa G<RD
G<RD y`ng
y`ng hmha
hmhaeu
eu tmro
tmro`d
`dan
any`
y` `nmh
`nmha`
a`.. Rmhm
Rmhmra
rais
is``
``n
n
c`fk`tkrauh y`ng dagun`i`n d`c`h hmnmg`ii`n da`gnks` ana `d`c`j dmng`n
hmcaj`t ouhc`j y`ng hmnangi`t hmn`nd`i`n rmspkn suhsuh tuc`ng tmrj`d`p
 

JMH@TKCKGA

`d`ny` ikndasa `nmha` dah`n` d`p`t datmg`ii`n hmc`cua pmhmrais``n dmng`n

hmcaj`t g`hf`r`n jmhkgckfan y`ng tmrdmn`tur`sa `t`u tad`i `ital 
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` y`ng j`rus dapmrj`tai`n p`d` pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut ;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Rmhmrais``n
Rmhmrais``n ouhc`j ikhpknmn
ikhpknmn smc d`r`j
d`r`j
F. Rmhmrais``n h`irksikpas uran
E. Rmhm
mhmrais``n hk
hkrlk
lkcckga mr
mratrk
rksa
satt
D. Rmhmrais``n hairksikpas uran
M. Rmhmrais``n iaha` uran

0=<.
0=<. @nmh
@nmha` a` dml
dmlas
asam
amns
nsaa fmsa
fmsa `d`
`d`c`
c`j
j s`c`
s`c`jj s`tu
s`tu omn
omnas
as `nm
`nmha
ha`
` ga
gasa
sa y`ng
y`ng f`n
f`ny`
y`ii
hmny
hm nymr
mr`n
`ngg `n`i
`n`i d`nd`n w`naw`nat`
t`.. Fmfm
Fmfmr`
r`p`
p` pmhm
pmhmrarais
is``
``nn dagu
dagun`
n`i`
i`n
n untu
untuii
hmh`stai
hmh` stai`n
`n da`gnks
da`gnksasas d`ra
d`ra `nmha`
`nmha` omnas
omnas ana. U`c`j
U`c`j s`tuny`
s`tuny` dmng`n
dmng`n hmcaj`t
hmcaj`t
e`d`ng`n fmsa p`d` cavmr.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` n`h` pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n y`ng dagun`i`n
dagun`i`n untui hmnac`a j`cj`c tmrsmfut;
tmrsmfut;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
@. Lmratan
F. Tr`nslmran
E. Jmh`tkirat
D. Umruh arkn
M. Jmhkgckfan

0=7
0=7. R`sa
`samn d`t`ng imsmfu`j ruh`
ruh`jj s`i
s`iat dmn
dmng`n
g`n imc
imcuj`n
j`n hud`j
d`j e`p
e`pmi,
cmh`s, smrang pusang, dmt`i o`ntung emp`t, n`p`s pmndmi d`n iuiu fmfmr`p`
r`puj. Dkitmr hmhant` dac`iui`n pmhmrais``n c`fkr`tkrauh untui hmngmt`jua
z`tt fmsa
z` fmsa y`n
y`ng fmrj
fmrjuf
ufun
ung`
g`n
n dmng
dmng`n
`n tr`n
tr`nsl
slmr
mran
an pc`s
pc`sh`
h` (pr
(prktma
ktman)
n) y`ng
y`ng
fmrt`ngg
fmrt`nggung
ungo`w
o`w`f
`f tmrj`d`p
tmrj`d`p tr`nspkr
tr`nspkrt`s
t`saa z`t fmsa
fmsa im suhsung
suhsung tuc`ng
tuc`ng untui
untui
santms` jmhkgckfan.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?

 @p` omnO`w`f`n
omnas
Racaj`n as pmhmrais``n
pmhmrai? s``n y`ng
y`ng dac`iui`n
dac`iui`n tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut ;
 @. Fmsa Umruh
Umruh
F. U`tur`tmd TrTr`nslmran
E. Rrktkpkrlaran mr
mratrksat fm
fmf`s
D. Tkt`c Arkn F`ndang E` E`p`eaty
M. ]ns`
ns`tur
tur`tm
`tms ark
arkn Fanda
andang
ng E`p`eaty
aty

0=:
0=:. Umsm
msmkr`ng y`ng
`ng dadu
adug` hmng
hmng``c`ha
`ha `nmha`ha` dmlas
mlasaamns
mnsa fmsa
msa dapm
apmrcui`
cui`n
n
smfu`j tms c`fkr`tkrauh y`ng j`sacny` dapmrkcmj dmng`n hmhf`ga fmsa smruh
dmng`n
dmn g`n TAFE
TAFE j`sac
j`sacny`
ny` dai`cai`
dai`cai`n
n 022.
022. J`sac
J`sac ana
ana hmngg`
hmngg`hf`r
hf`ri`n
i`n smfmr`p
smfmr`p``
f`ny`i smruh fmsa y`ng tmrai`t p`d` tr`nslmrran.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` omnas
omnas pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n c`fkr`tkrau
c`fkr`tkrauh
h tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut ;
 

JMH@TKCKGA

Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
@. U`tur`tmd Tr Tr`nslmran (U
(UA)
F. _ane Rrktkpkrpjyran (_RR)
E. Jmh prktkpkrpjyran (JRR)
D. Tkt`c
t`c Arkn
rkn Fandan
ndangg E`p`eaty
aty (T
(TAFE)
M. Lrmm
rmm Mra
Mrattrkey
keytm Rr
Rrktkp
tkpkr
krp
pjyran
ran ((L
LMR)

0=1
0=1. Umkr
mkr`ng @TCH hmc`hmc`i
iui`n pmhm
mhmrais
ais``n Da`g
a`gnkstai
tai Hkc
Hkcmiu
miuc`r
c`r dmng`n
hmnggun`i`n REV. REV hmrup`i`n su`tu tminai santmsas untui
hmng`hpc
hmng `hpcalai
alai`sa
`sa `t`u hmcap`t
hmcap`t g`nd`i`
g`nd`i`n
n lr`ghmn
lr`ghmn DN@ t`rgmt
t`rgmt sme`r`
sme`r` anvatrk
anvatrk ,
dmng`n mispknmnsa`c y`ng hmnggun`i`n prahmr `t`u pmhuc` DN@ y`ng tmp`t.

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` t`j`p`n
t`j`p`n d`c`h
d`c`h hmtkdm pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut ;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
@. Dmn`t
mn`tuur`
r`s
sa- @n
@nnm`cang- Mx
Mxtm
tmn
nsakn
F. Mxt
xtm
mnsak
sakn- @nnm`ca
m`can
ng-Dmn`tur
tur`sa
`sa
E. @nnm
nnm`ca
`cang-Dm
-Dmn`t
n`tur`s
r`sa-M
a-Mxtm
xtmnsakn
akn
D. Mist
istmnsak
nsaknn-@n
-@nnm`can
cang-
g-An
Ani
iuf`sa
M. Aniuf`sa-@nnm`cang-Mxtmnsakn

0<2.
0<2. Umkr
Umkr`n
`ng
g dkit
dkitmr
mr smd
smd`n
`ng
g hmnm
hmnmcucuru
rusa
sa i`s
i`sus
us p`sa
p`samn
mn `nm
`nmha
ha`
` dmla
dmlasa
samn
mnsa
sa fmsa
fmsa..
]ntui hmcaj`t `d`ny` tahfun`n fmsa p`d` smc mratrksat dkitmr hant` pmhmrais``n
pmw`rn``n satkiaha` untui smda``n suhsung tuc`ng.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` pmngme`t`n
pmngme`t`n y`ng dagun`i`n
dagun`i`n d`c`h hmnmg`ii`n
hmnmg`ii`n da`gnks`
da`gnks` tmrsmfut ;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
@. Jmhksadmrn
F. Rmrkisad`sm
E. @ead Lksl`t`sm
D. Lksl`t`sm @
@cci`ca

M. Rmrakdae @ead Uejall  

0<0. Umkr`ng p`samn d`t`ng im smfu`j c`fkr`tkrauh untui hmc`iui`n
pmhmrais``n jmhkgckfan. R`samn hmngmcuj p`d` st`ll c`fkr`tkrauh icanai i`rmn`
fmfmr`p
fmfmr`p`` s``t
s``t smtmc`j
smtmc`j dac`iui
dac`iui`n
`n pmng`h
pmng`hfac`
fac`n
n d`r`j
d`r`j vmn`
vmn` tahfuc
tahfuc w`rn`
w`rn` faru
dmng`n smdaiat
smdaiat r`s` s`iat. Ut`ll c`fkr`tkrauh
c`fkr`tkrauh imhuda`n hmhfmrai`n
hmhfmrai`n pmnomc`s`n
pmnomc`s`n
f`jw` w`rn` faru d`n r`s` s`iat tmrsmfut `i`n jac`ng dmng`n smndarany` d`n
d`p`t dakcmsi`n trkhfkpkp p`d` `rm` tmrsmfut.

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p`i`j astac`j hmdas y`ng dagun`i`n untui hmngg`hf`ri`n ikndasa tmrsmfut ;
 @. Jmhkiknsmntr`sa
Jmhkiknsmntr`sa
F. Cyhp
Cyhpjkjkst
st`s
`sas
as
E. Jmhk
Jmhkst
st`s
`sas
as
D. Jmh`
Jmh`tk
tkhm
hm
 

JMH@TKCKGA

M. Mdmh`

0<6.
0<6. R`d`
R`d` fc`n
fc`ngi
gik
k pmrha
mrhant
nt``
``n
n pmhm
pmhmra
rais
is``
``n
n jmh`
jmh`tk
tkck
ckga
ga tmrtu
tmrtuca
cas
s pmhm
pmhmrrais`
ais``n
`n
Jf, d`n pmhmrai
pmhmrais``
s``n
n gkckng`
gkckng`n
n d`r`j.
d`r`j. I`d`r
I`d`r Jf hmnggun
hmnggun`i``i`n n e`r`
e`r` U`jca.
U`jca.
Umtmc`j d`r`j dah`suii`n d`c`h t`fung pmngmnemr d`c`h w`itu iur`ng d`ra 6
hmnat smgmr` dac`iui`n pmngmnemr`n hmnggun`i`n `qu`dms.

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` rmsaik
rmsaik pmnda`h`n
pmnda`h`n y`ng
y`ng tmrc`cu emp`t c`rut`n
c`rut`n `s`h
`s`h jmh`tan tmrsmfut;
tmrsmfut;
 @. I`d`r Jmhkgckfa
Jmhkgckfann Hmno`da Tad`i
Tad`i Tmp`t
Tmp`t
F. \kcuhm
\kcuhm Rmngmn
Rmngmnemr`
emr`nny
nny`
` Cmfaj
Cmfaj Tangga
Tangga
E. Fmcuh Umhu` Jmhkgckfan
Jmhkgckfan Fmrm`isa
Fmrm`isa
D. I`d`r
I`d`r Jmhkgck
Jmhkgckfan
fan Tangga
Tangga
M. Uui`
Uui`rr Rmng
Rmng`h`
`h`t`n
t`n

0<5.
0<5. J`s
J`sac pmng
pmngui
uiur
ur`n
`n i`d`
i`d`rr jmhk
jmhkgc
gckf
kfan
an hmtk
hmtkdm
dm U`jc
U`jcaa dapm
dapmrk
rkcm
cmj
j pmne`
mne`p`
p`a`
a`n
n
w`rn`
w`r n` smny`w
smny`w`` `s`h
`s`h jmh`tan
jmh`tan y`ng
y`ng damnemr
damnemri`n
i`n dmng`n
dmng`n `qu`dm
`qu`dms s hmne`p`
hmne`p`aa
w`rn` s`h` dmng`n w`rn` st`nd`r hmnunouii`n si`c` p`d` `ngi` 0=,6. R`samn
y`ng dapmrais` `d`c`j afu usa` 52 tj, tmi`n`n d`r`j 002/72 hhJg. Umtmc`j
daiknlarh`sa dmng`n nac`a jmh`tkirat e`r` hairk dapmrkcmj nac`a jmh`tkirat 56%.

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` l`itkr
l`itkr y`ng hmhfmra
hmhfmra ims`c`j`n
ims`c`j`n p`d` pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n jmhkgckfan
jmhkgckfan tmrsmfut;
tmrsmfut;
 @. Tad`i hmhfac`s
hmhfac`s papmt
papmt jf
F. Hmhfac`s
Hmhfac`s papmt
papmt dmng`
dmng`n n Jec
Jec
E. Ut`nd`
Ut`nd`rr jf w`rn`n
w`rn`ny` y` pue`t
pue`t
D. U`hpmc
U`hpmc hmnggu
hmnggun`i`
n`i`n n d`r`j
d`r`j MDT@
MDT@
M. U`hpmc
U`hpmc hmnggu
hmnggun`i`
n`i`n n d`r`j
d`r`j i`pacmr 
i`pacmr 

0<4. R`d` pmhmrais``n h`nu`c jatung ouhc`j smc d`r`j putaj dmng`n
hmnggun`i`n papmt tjkh` cmuiksat,d`r`j dajas`p s`hp`a t`nd` 2,= dat`hf`j

c`rut`n
hmno`da `s`h cmh`j
mnemr d`n s`hp`a
mratrksat t`nd`
`i`n 00 y`ng fmrtuou`n untui hmhfu`t d`r`j
jmhkcasas.

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` C`rut`n
C`rut`n y`ng
y`ng dagun`i`n
dagun`i`n untui
untui hmcasasi`n
hmcasasi`n smc tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut ;
 @. JEC
F. IEN
E. J6UK4
D. N@.
N@. Eat
Eatr`
r`tt
M. @s.
@s. @em
@emt`
t`tt

0<=. Rmtug`s pjcmfktkhy hmc`iui`n pmng`hfac`n d`r`j vmn`, y`ng

dagun
dagun`i
`i`n
`n untu
untui
i pmhmr
pmhmrais
ais``n
``n jatun
jatung
g ouhc`j
ouhc`j smc
smc cmiks
cmiksat,
at, jatun
jatung
g ouhc`j
ouhc`j smc
smc
trkhfksat,
trkhfksat, jatung
jatung ouhc`j
ouhc`j smc mratrksa
mratrksat,
t, jatung
jatung omnas
omnas cmuiksa
cmuiksat,
t, pmhmrais
pmhmrais``n
``n nac`a
nac`a
jmh`tkirat d`n pmhfu`t`n U@DT.
 

JMH@TKCKGA

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c
T`fung v`iuh h`n`i`j y`ng dapacaj untui impmrcu`n tmrsmfut ;
 @. Faru
F. Jao`u
E. ]ngu
D. Hmr`j
M. @fu `fu

0<<.
0<<. Umkr
Umkr`n
`ng
g TCH
TCH hmc
hmc`i
`iui
ui`n
`n jat
jatun
ung
g ouhc
ouhc`j
`j cmik
cmiksa
satt dmng
dmng`n
`n hmn
hmngg
ggun
un`i
`i`n
`n faca
facai
i
jatung. Umfmcuhny` dac`iui`n pmngmnemr`n d`r`j dmng`n c`rut`n Turi. D`r`j
dapapmt
dapapmt dmng`n
dmng`n papmt
papmt tjkh`
tjkh` cmiksat
cmiksat s`hp`a
s`hp`a t`nd`
t`nd` 2,=
2,= d`n pmngmne
pmngmnemr
mr dapapmt
dapapmt
s`hp`a t`nd` 00. Umtmc`j da`h`ta dmng`n facai Ahprkvmd Nmuf`umr dad`p`ti`n
cmiksat p`d` ikt`i A8 52, ikt`i AA8 5=, ikt`i im AAA8 6: d`n ikt`i im-A\8 42

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Fmr`p` ouhc`j cmiksat `fskcut /½c d`r`j ;
 @. 556= smc/½c
smc/½c d`r`j
d`r`j
F. 4=22
4=22 smc/½
smc/½cc d`r`
d`r`j
j
E. ==22
==22 smc/
smc/½c
½c d`r`
d`r`j
j
D. <222
<222 smc/
smc/½c
½c d`r`
d`r`j
j
M. <<=2
<<=2 smc/
smc/½c
½c d`r`j
d`r`j

0<7. Umkr`ng @TCH dahant` dkitmr untui hmc`iui`n jatung ouhc`j smc
trkhfksa
trkh fksatt dmng`n
dmng`n hmnggun
hmnggun`i`
`i`n
n `c`t ktkh`ta
ktkh`tas
s dad`p`t
dad`p`ti`n
i`n j`sac
j`sac tad`i
tad`i tmrf`e`
tmrf`e`
(`c`rt v`cum).

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c? @p`i`j y`ng j`rus dac`iui`n kcmj smkr`ng TCH ;

 @. Hmc`iui`n
Hmc`iui`n pmng`hfac`n
pmng`hfac`n spmsahmn
spmsahmn uc`ng
uc`ng tmrj`d`p
tmrj`d`p d`r`j
d`r`j p`samn.
p`samn.
F. Hmc`pkri`n
Hmc`pkri`n j`sac pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n dmng`n nac`a
nac`a y`ng rmnd`j/
rmnd`j/ daf`w`j
daf`w`j nkrh`c
nkrh`c
E. Hmc`
Hmc`iu
iui`
i`n
n pmhm
pmhmrrais`
ais``n
`n uc`
uc`ng dmng
dmng`n`n `c`t
`c`t y`ng
y`ng s`h`
s`h` d`nd`n dmng
dmng`n
`n

D. pmhmrais`
Hmc`
Hmc`iu
iui`n y`ng
i`n fmrfmd`
pmng
pmngme
memi
mi`n
`n smhu
smhu`` prks
prksmd
mdur
ur y`
y`ng
ng fmrj
fmrjuf
ufun
ung`
g`n
n dmng
dmng`n
`n
pmhmrais``n jatung trkhfksat
M. Hmc`iu
Hmc`iui`n
i`n pmhmrais
pmhmrais``n
``n uc`ng
uc`ng dmng`n
dmng`n hmtkdm
hmtkdm c`an
c`an y`atu
y`atu e`r` h`nu`c
h`nu`c
dmng`n facai jatung d`n mstah`sa ouhc`j dmng`n smda``n `pus d`r`j
tmpa

0<:.
0<:. Rmhm
Rmhmra
rais
is`n
`n c`fk
c`fkr`
r`tk
tkra
rauh
uh jatu
jatung
ng ouhc
ouhc`j
`j smc
smc mra
mratr
trks
ksat
at dmng
dmng`n
`n hmng
hmnggu
gun`
n`i`
i`n
n
papmtt tjkh`,
papm tjkh`, dah`n`
dah`n` d`r`j
d`r`j dmng`n
dmng`n pmn`hf`
pmn`hf`j`n
j`n `taik`g
`taik`guc`n
uc`n dajas`p
dajas`p s`hp`a
s`hp`a
t`nd`
t`nd` 2,= d`n
d`n dat`h
dat`hf`j
f`j rm`gm
rm`gmnn s`hp`
s`hp`aa t`nd`
t`nd` 00. UmtmUmtmc`j
c`j dajkh
dajkhkg
kgmni
mni`n
`n
dafu`ng 4 tmtms d`n s`hpmc dah`suii`n imi`h`r jatung ahprkvmd Nmuf`umr 
d`n dajatung p`d` = ikt`i smd`ng.

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Fmr`p` pmngmnemr`n d`c`h pmhmrais``n jatung ouhc`j smc tmrsmfut ;
 

JMH@TKCKGA

 @. 02Z
F. 62Z
E. =2Z
D. 022Z
M. 622Z

0<1
0<1. Rmt
mtuug`s pjcmf
jcmfkt
ktk
khy hmc`
hmc`i iui`n pmng`hfhfaac`n
c`n d`r
d`r`j vmn`,
n`, p`r`r`
`hmtm
mtmr 
y`ng `i`n
`i`n dapmrais
dapmrais`
` fmrturu
fmrturutt turut
turut a`c`j
a`c`j i`d`r
i`d`r jmhkgck
jmhkgckfan,
fan, nac`a
nac`a jmh`tke
jmh`tkerat,
rat,
pmhfu`t`n U@DT d`n jatung ouhc`j smc. Umc y`ng dajatung `d`c`j smc y`ng
fmrfmntui fuc`t, tad`i hmhacaia anta d`n dajatung d`c`h = ikt`i smd`ng p`d`
i`h`r jatung ahprkvmd nmuf`ur

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` omnas
omnas t`fung v`iuh y`ng
y`ng smsu`a
smsu`a untui pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut ;
 @. Faru
F. Jao`u
E. ]ngu
D. Hmr`j
M. @fu `fu

072.
072. R`sa
R`samn
mn dmng
dmng`n
`n da`g
da`gnk
nks`
s` dmh`
dmh`hh fmrd`
fmrd`r`
r`j,
j, dac`
dac`iu
iui`
i`n
n pmhmr
pmhmraiais`
s``n
`n ruta
rutan
n
d`r`j cmngi`p
cmngi`p dmng`n
dmng`n hmnggun`i`n
hmnggun`i`n `c`t jmh`tkckgy
jmh`tkckgy `n`cyzmr
`n`cyzmr dah`n` p`d`
pmhmrais``n ana ouhc`j trkhfksat y`ng daimtmhui`n `d`c`j :2.222 smc/½C d`r`j.

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p`i`j y`ng dac`iui`n
dac`iui`n untui
untui v`cad`sa
v`cad`sa j`sac
j`sac tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut ;
 @. Hmngkeki
Hmngkeki s`hpmc
F. Hmnguc`
Hmnguc`nga
nga pmng
pmng`hfa
`hfac`n
c`n d`r`j
d`r`j
E. J`sac sud`j v`cad
v`cad i`rmn`
i`rmn` smsu`a dmng`n
dmng`n da`gnksas
da`gnksas
D. Hmc`iui`n
Hmc`iui`n iknlarh`sa
iknlarh`sa j`sac
j`sac dmng`n
dmng`n `pus`n
`pus`n d`r`j
d`r`j tmpa
M. Hmnymr`ji`n
Hmnymr`ji`n j`sac
j`sac tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut imp`d`
imp`d` dkitmr
dkitmr y`ng
y`ng fmrtug`s
fmrtug`s

070
070. Rmr
mrj
jatun
tung`n
g`n trk
trkhfks
hfksat
at rmnd`j p`cs
`csu i`d`n
`d`ng g tmr
tmro`da
`da p`d` pmn
pmnggu
ggun``n
`ntaik`guc`n tmrtmntu, dah`n` `ntaik`guc`n ana hmhaeu tmrfmntuiny` guhp`c`n
trkhfksat. J`c ana dasmfut dmng`n psmudk
psmudktrkhfksatk
trkhfksatkpmna`,
pmna`, smjangg` hmhmrcui`n
iknlarh`sa pmhmrais``n `pus`n d`r`j tmpa untui hmnv`cad`sany`.

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` omnas
omnas `ntaik`guc`n
`ntaik`guc`n y`ng
y`ng dah`isud
dah`isud p`d` i`sus tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut ;
@. MDT@
F. Jmp`r
p`ran
E. Kis`
is`c`
c`tt
D. N` satr
satr`t
`t
M. Lcukr
ukradm
 

JMH@TKCKGA

076.
076. Da
Dar`
r` smkr
smkr`n
`ng
g @TC
@TCHH hmc
hmc`i
`iui
ui`n
`n pmhm
pmhmrarais
is``
``n
n dmn
dmng`
g`n
n hmn
hmngg
ggun
un`i
`i`n
`n papm
papmtt
tjkh`. D`r`j dajas`p s`hp`a t`nd` 2,= dat`hf`j dmng`n c`rut`n s`hp`a t`nd`
020, dajkhkgmni`n d`n daaniuf`sa. Fu`ng 5 tmtms c`rut`n d`ra papmt smfmcuh
dah`suii`n imd`c`h i`h`r jatung Ahprkvmd Nmufmur d`n dajatung d`c`h 6=
ikt`i smd`ng. C`rut`n y`ng dagun`i`n d`c`h pmhmrais``n ana `d`c`j c`rut`n
y`ng h`hpu hmcasasi`n smc d`r`j hmr`j.

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` c`rut`n
c`rut`n y`ng dagun`i`n
dagun`i`n d`c`h pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut ;
 @. C`rut`n Turi
F. C`ru
C`rut`
t`n
n Mks
Mksan
an
E. C`rut
C`rut`n
`n J`ym
J`ymhh
D. C`rut
C`rut`n
`n Vmm
Vmmss Meim
Meimr 
r 
M. C`rut`n
C`rut`n @hknau
@hknauh h kis`c
kis`c`t
`t

075.
075. Rmhm
Rmhmrarais
is``
``nn ana
ana h
hmh
mhac
acai
aiaa ta
tag`
g` pmng
pmnggu
gun`
n``n
`n ut`h
ut`h`
` y`a
y`atu
tu sm
smf`
f`g`
g`aa `c`t
`c`t f`n
f`ntu
tu
hmndmtmisa prksms pmr`d`ng`n, hmh`nt`u pmro`c`n`n pmny`iat, d`n pmn`pas`n
pmr`d`ng`n. Rmhmrais``n ana rmc`tal tad`i smnsatal d`n spmsalai i`rmn` dapmng`ruja
f`ny`i l`itkr tminas. Rmhmrais``n ana d`p`t hmnggun`i`n t`fung wmtmrgrmn d`n
t`fung wantrkfm.

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p`i`j n`h` pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut ;
@. CMD
F. Jmh`
Jmh`tktkir
irat
at
E. An
Andmx
dmx mratrk
mratrksasatt
D. Fc
Fcmm
mmda
dang
ng tah
tahmm
M. Kshk
Kshktae
tae lr`g
lr`gaca
acaty
ty ttms
ms

074. Rmhmrais``n C`ou Mnd`p D`r`j/ CMD dagun`i`n untui hmnguiur 

imemp
imemp`t
`t`n
`n smdah
smdahmnt
mnt`s
`saa mratr
mratrks
ksat
at da d`c`h
d`c`h Rc`sh
Rc`sh`.
`. R`d`
R`d` pmhmr
pmhmrais
ais``
``n
n CMD
CMD

hmtkdm
52 hmnat,Wmstmrgrmn l`sm
l`sm i-6 9 52 pmngmnd`p`
pmngmnd`p`n
hmnat- n daf`ga
0 o`h d`n hmno`da
l`sm im-5 5. L`sm00o`h
fmrc`ngsung fmrc`ngsung
-6 o`h. 2-

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` y`ng
y`ng tmro`da
tmro`da p`d` l`sm
l`sm imdu` pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut ;
 @. Rmngmnd`p`n
Rmngmnd`p`n c`hf`t
c`hf`t
F. Mratrksa
Mratrksast
st hmc`y`n
hmc`y`n`g-c
`g-c`y`
`y`ng
ng
E. Mratrksa
Mratrksatt hmng`c`h
hmng`c`haa `gcutan`
`gcutan`sa
sa
D. Mratrksa
Mratrksatt hmng`c`h
hmng`c`haa pmh`d`t`
pmh`d`t`n n
M. Mratrk
Mratrksat
sat hmng`c
hmng`c`ha
`ha rkucm`ux lkrh`takn

07=.
07=. Va
Vas`
s` sm
smkr
kr`n
`ng
g @TC
@TCH
H fmim
fmimro
ro`
` da c`fk
c`fkr`
r`tk
tkra
rauh
uh ican
icanai
ai d`n
d`n hmc
hmc`i
`iui
ui`n
`n smfu
smfu`j
`j
pmhmrais``n dmng`n e`r` hmh`suii`n e`hpur`n d`r`j MDT@ d`n N`Ec 2,:=%
imd`c`h t`fung wmstmrgrmmn d`n dacmt`ii`n p`d` r`i wmstmrgrmmn dmng`n sai`p
tmg`i curus imhuda`n j`sacny` da`h`ta smtmc`j datunggu fmfmr`p` s``t.
 

JMH@TKCKGA

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p`i`j y`ng daf`e`
daf`e` untui
untui hmnd`p`ti`n
hmnd`p`ti`n j`sac
j`sac p`d`
p`d` pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut ;
 @. Tangga fully
fully ek`t
F. Tangg
Tanggaa mratr
mratrks
ksat
at
E. W`rn
W`rn`` pc`
pc`sh
sh` `
D. Ta
Tang
ngga
ga pc`s
pc`sh`
h`
M. W`rn
W`rn`` smr
smruh
uh

07<.
07<. Umkr
Umkr`n `ngg pmtug
mtug`s
`s c`fk
c`fkr`
r`tk
tkra
rauh
uh hmc`
hmc`iu
iui
i`n `n`c
`n`cas
asas
as tmrj
tmrj`
`d`p
d`p j`sa
j`sacc nac`
nac`aa
mratrksat r`t`-r`t` (NMV). J`sac y`ng dad`p`t hmnunouii`n nac`a HE\ 76 lC, HEJ
65 pg, d`n HEJE 56%.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` imc`an`n
imc`an`n hkrlkckga
hkrlkckga mratrksat
mratrksat d`ra d`t` tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut ;
 @. Nkrhksatai
Nkrhksatai nkrhkirkhai
nkrhkirkhai
F. Hairks
Hairksata
atai
i nkrhk
nkrhkirk
irkhai
hai
E. Nkrhksa
Nkrhksatai tai japkirkh
japkirkhai
ai
D. Hairksa
Hairksatai
tai japmrir
japmrirkhai
khai
M. Hairksa
Hairksataitai japkirk
japkirkhai
hai

077
077. Rmhm
mhmrais
ais``n
``n c`f
c`fkr
kr`
`tkr
tkrauh
auh d`r`j
r`j cmngi
ngi`p y`ng dac`iu
c`iui
i`n kcmj
cmj @TCH
datmhui`n
datmhui` n j`sac pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n i`d`r jmhkgckfan 06 g/dc, jmh`tkirat 5<%, ouhc`j
mratrksat 4.222.222 smc/hh5, ouhc`j cmuiksat 4.=22 smc/hh5 d`n ouhc`j trkhfksat
602.22 smc/hh5.

Rmrt`ny``n
Fmr`p` nac`a vkcuhm mratrksat r`t`-r`t` p`d` i`sus tmrsmfut ;
 @. 6< lmhtkcatmr 
lmhtkcatmr 
F. 52 lm
lmht
htkc
kcat
atmr 
mr 
E. :4 lmh
lmhtk
tkca
catm
tmr 
r 
D. 12 lmhtk
lmhtkca catmr 
tmr 

M. 062
062 lmht
lmhtkc
kcat
atmr 
mr 
07:.
07:. D`c`
D`c`h
h su`tu
su`tu pmhm
pmhmra
rais
is``
``nn jatu
jatunng omnas
omnas cmui
cmuiks
ksat
at dad`
dad`p`
p`ti
ti`n
`n smc
smc dmng
dmng``n
satkpc`sh` hmhacaia gr`nuc` fmrw`rn` hmr`j kr`ngm, imp`d`t`n gr`nuc` r`p`t
dmng`n
dmn g`n uiur
uiur`n
`n y`ng
y`ng jkhkg
jkhkgmnmn,, anta
anta smc
smc hmhac
hmhacaia
aia susun
susun`n
`n irkh`
irkh`tan
tan p`d`
p`d`t,
t,
fmrw`r
fmr w`rn`
n` hmr`j
hmr`j imung
imungu`
u`n,
n, ouhc`
ouhc`jj anta
anta smc
smc 5 ckfus
ckfus h`san
h`sang-h
g-h`s
`sang
ang ckfus
ckfus
dajufungi`n kcmj fmn`ng irkh`tan.

Rmrt`ny``n
 @p`i`j n`h` smc cmuiksat y`ng datmhui`n
datmhui`n tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut ;
@. Umghmn
Umghmn Mksank
Mksanklaclac
F. Umghm
Umghmnn Nmtrk
Nmtrklac
lac
E. Umghm
Umghmnn F`sk
F`skpj
pjacac
D. Hkn
Hknksat
ksat
M. Cahl
ahlksat
 

JMH@TKCKGA

071
071. Dac`i
ac`iu
ui`n pmhmrhmrais
ais``n jatu
atung omn
omnas cmiksat dmng`n pmw`
mw`rn``n H`y
Grunw`cd, smtmc`j prmp`r`sa smda``n `pus da e`t dmng`n H`y Grunw`cd, j`sac
pmw`rn``n
pmw`rn` `n dad`p`ti`n
dad`p`ti`n smc cmiksat hknknui
hknknuicm`r,
cm`r, satkpc`sh`
satkpc`sh` faru hud`,
hud`, t`np`
gr`nuc`, irkh`tan anta hmh`d`t.

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` n`h` smc y`ng datmhui`n
datmhui`n p`d` pmhmrais`
pmhmrais``n
`n tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut ;
 @. Hknksat
F. Cahl
Cahlks
ksaat
E. Rc
Rc`s
`shk
hksasatt
D. Gr`n
Gr`nuc
ucks
ksatat
M. Hmt`
Hmt`ha
hamc
mcks
ksat
at

0:2.
0:2. I`su
I`sus
s (vagn
(vagnmt
mttm
tm)) R`d`
R`d` s``t
s``t hmc`i
hmc`iui
ui`n
`n tmin
tminai
ai pcmf
pcmfkt
ktkh
khaa hmngg
hmnggun
un`i
`i`n
`n
tminai
tminai v`eut`a
v`eut`anmr
nmr tminasa
tminasa j`rus
j`rus hmnya`pi
hmnya`pi`n`n fmfmr`p
fmfmr`p` ` t`fung
t`fung v`eeuh
v`eeuh i`rmn`
i`rmn`
hmhfutuji`n s`hpmc dmng`n fmrf`g`a iratmra` s`c`j s`tuny` d`r`j dmng`n
MDT@
MD T@ untui
untui pmhmr
pmhmrais
ais``n
``n Jmh`t
Jmh`tkir
kirat.
at. Rr
Rrkl
klacac p`samn
p`samn smkr`
smkr`ng
ng afu
afu usa`
usa` 5= tj
dmng`n
dmn g`n kfmsat`
kfmsat`s,
s, smjangg
smjangg` ` s``t
s``t p`cp`sa
p`cp`sa tkurnaq
tkurnaquatm
uatm tmc`j
tmc`j dap`s`
dap`s`ngi`
ngi`nn p`d`
p`d`
cmng`
cmng`nn p`sa
p`samn,
mn, prksms
prksmsaa d`r`j
d`r`j fas`
fas` h`su
h`sui i t`fun
t`fung g smtmc
smtmc`j
`j prksm
prksms
s p`cp`
p`cp`sa
sa
hmne`p`a = hmnat.

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` rmsaik
rmsaik y`ng p`cang hungian
hungian tmro`da
tmro`da p`d`
p`d` s`hpmc
s`hpmc d`r`j y`ng
y`ng dapmrkcmj;
dapmrkcmj;
 @. D`r`j `d`
`d` smf`ga`n
smf`ga`n y`ng hmng`c`ha
hmng`c`ha ik`guc`sa
ik`guc`sa
F. Rc`sh`
Rc`sh` d`r`j
d`r`j hmno`da
hmno`da capmhai
capmhai
E. Rc`sh`
Rc`sh` d`r`j
d`r`j hmno`
hmno`dada aitmru
aitmrus
s
D. Casasny
Casasny`
` smc-
smc- smc
smc mratrks
mratrksat
at
M. Jmhk
Jmhkikiknsnsmn
mntr`
tr`sa
sa

0:0.
0:0. I`su
I`sus
s (vag
(vagnmtt
nmttm)
m) Tamn
Tamn smk
smkr`
r``n
`ng
g @TCH
@TCH hmc`
hmc`iu
iui`
i`n
n pmhmr
pmhmrai
ais
s``n
``n dmng
dmng`n
`n

e`r` d`r`j dah`suii`n

d`n hmhmacaia d`c`h
t`nd` hmr`j p`d`t`fung i`pacmr, D`r`j
uoung t`fung. p`no`ng 7= hh, da`hmtmr
dah`suii`n 0 hh
d`c`h t`fung
iur`ng cmfaj ¾ t`fung, d`n s`c`j s`tu uoung t`fung dasuhf`t dmng`n w`x.
U`hpmc tmrsmfut dasmnttralusm dmng`n imemp`t`n d`n w`itu tmrtmntu.

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c ?
 @p` y`ng
y`ng da`h`ta p`d` pmhmrais`n
pmhmrais`n tmrsmfut ;
 @. Tangga fully
fully ek`t
F. Tang
Tangga
ga cmui
cmuiks
ksat
at
E. Ta
Tang
ngga
ga mrat
mratrk
rksa
satt
D. Tang
Tangga
ga pc`
pc`sh
sh` `
M. Tang
Tangga
ga smru
smruh h

0:6.
0:6. I`su
I`sus
s (vag
(vagnm
nmtm
tm)) Umkr
Umkr`n
`ng
g ttmn
mn`g
`g`
` `n`
`n`ca
cas
s imsm
imsmj`
j`t`
t`n
n hmnm
hmnmra
rah`
h` pmrh
pmrhan
ant`
t``n
`n
pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n sermmnang
sermmnang jmhkst`sas,
jmhkst`sas, hmcaputa RRT,
RRT, @RTT d`n TT. Tad`i smhu`
smhu`
 

JMH@TKCKGA

f`j`n `ntaik`guc`n fkcmj dagun`i`n d`n j`rus hmnggun`i`n

hmnggun`i`n dksas pmh`i`a`n
y`ng tmp`t.

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` omnas
omnas `ntaik`guc`n
`ntaik`guc`n d`n
d`n fmr`p`
fmr`p` dksas pmh`i`a`n
pmh`i`a`n ;
 @. N` Uatr`t
Uatr`t 5,:% dksas
dksas 0?4
F. N` Uatr
Uatr`t
`t 5,:%
5,:% dks
dksas
as 0?6
0?6
E. N` Uatr`t
Uatr`t 5,:%
5,:% dksas
dksas 0?=
0?=
D. N` Uatr`t
Uatr`t 5,:%
5,:% dksas
dksas 0?:
0?:
M. N` Uatr`t
Uatr`t 5,:%
5,:% dksa
dksass 0?1
0?1

0:5. R`d` su`tu pmhmrais``n tmrsmda` `c`t d`n f`j`n smpmrta c`nemt pmn,
fc
fckk
kkdd c`nem
`nemtt, stkp
stkp w`t ej,, imrt`
`tej imrt`s
s s`ran
s`rang
g d`n
d`n i`p`s
i`p`s `cikj
`cikjkc.
kc. Rmhm
Rmhmrai
rais`
s``n
`n
dac`iui`n dmng`n hmcui`a eupang tmcang` d`n d`r`j y`ng imcu`r dajas`pi`n p`d`
imrt`s s`rang. J`sac pmhmrais``n dac`pkri`n c`h` w`itu pmrd`r`j`n 02 hmnat.

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c ?
 @p` omnas
omnas smc y`ng
y`ng hmnunouii`n
hmnunouii`n g`nggu`n
g`nggu`n lungsa p`d`
p`d` pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut;
tmrsmfut;
 @. Mratrksat
F. Hkn
Hknksat
ksat
E. Cm
Cmui
uiks
ksat
at
D. Tr
Trkh
khfk fksasatt
M. Vmta
Vmtaiu
iuck
cksa
satt

0:4
0:4. Umkr
mkr`ng c`ia-c
ia-c`
`ia fmr
mru
usa`
sa` 5< t`
t`j
jun d`t`n
t`ng im dkit
kitmr dmng
dmng`
`n imcu
mcuj`n
g`t`c-g`t`c smcuruj tufuj, hmr`t` d`n t`hp`i hmhmr`j da smcuruj iucat. Gmo`c`
ana dar`s`i`n 6 o`h smtmc`j h`i`n impatang. Vaw`y`t `sh` p`d` w`itu imeac (+).
Dkitmr hmnda`gnksas dmng`n urtai`ra` (fadur`n).

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` n`h` smc y`ng smrang datmhu`n
datmhu`n p`d`
p`d` p`samn
p`samn urtai`ra`
urtai`ra` ;
@.
F. Umc mksanklac
Umc nmutrklac
E. Umc trkhfksat
D. Umc cahlksat
M.  Umc mratrksat

0:=.
0:=. Ra
Rat`
t` sm
smkr
kr`n
`ng
g @TC
@TCHH hmc
hmc`i
`iui
ui`n
`n pmhm
pmhmra
rais
is``
``n
n dmn
dmng`g`n
n hmn
hmngg
ggun
un`i
`i`n
`n papm
papmtt
tjkh`, dah`n` d`r`j dajas`p s`hp`a t`nd` 0 d`n damnemri`n dmng`n rm`gmn
y`ng
y`n g hmhfm
hmhfmrai
rai`n
`n w`rn
w`rn`
` hmr`j
hmr`j p`d`
p`d` gr`nu
gr`nuc`
c` smc
smc s`hp`
s`hp`aa t`nd`
t`nd` 00.
00. R`d`
R`d`
pmhmrais``n ana Rat` hmngjatung smc dmng`n eara-eara fmrfmntui fuc`t, fmrgr`nuc`
fmrw`rn` hmr`j,d`n hmhacaia anta tr`nsp`r`n. Umc ana dajatung hmngguni`n i`h`r 
jatun
jatung
g Luej
Luej Vksmntj
Vksmntj`c
`c dajatu
dajatung
ng p`d`0<
p`d`0< ikt`i
ikt`i smd`ng
smd`ng dmng
dmng`n
`n f`ntu
f`ntu`n
`n
hairksikp p`d` cmns` kfymital 02Z.
 

JMH@TKCKGA

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` rm`gmn
rm`gmn y`ng dagun`i`n
dagun`i`n d`c`h pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut ;
 @. Turi
F. J`ymh
E. Dungmr 
D. Vmss
Vmss meim
meimr 
r 
M. Fr
Fraca
aca`n
`ntt erms
ermsy
y fcum
fcum

0:<.
0:<. Umkr
Umkr`n
`ngg `n`
`n`i i c`i
c`ia-
a-c`
c`ia
ia fmru
fmrusa
sa`
` 1 t`j
t`jun
un da f`
f`w`
w` afun
afuny`
y` im dkit
dkitmr
mr dm
dmng
ng`n
`n
imcuj`n smrang pusang. R`samn oug` hmng`c`ha sucat h`i`n, f`d`n tmr`s` cmh`s
d`n smrang fmriun`ng-iun`ng. J`sac pmhmrais``n dkitmr dad`p`ti`n TF ? 022
eh9 FF ? 62 ig9 iucat t`hp`i pue`t, cmhf`f d`n dangan9 eknoungtav` h`t` `nmhas,
n`l`s pmndmi. Oai` d`c`h pmhmrais``n c`fkr`tkrauh
c`fkr`tkrauh darmne`n`i`n
darmne`n`i`n pmhmrais``n
untui hmcaj`t rmtaiucksat y`ng tmrd`p`t d`c`h smc mratrksat.

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` tmjnai
tmjnai pmw`rn``n
pmw`rn``n supr`vat`c
supr`vat`c y`ng fas`
fas` dagun`i`n
dagun`i`n ;
 @. Gamhs`
F. Uud`n
ud`n Fc`e
Fc`ei i
E. _amj
_amjcc Namc
Namcsm
smnn
D. Fracca
Fracca`nt
`nt Ermsy
Ermsycc Fcum
Fcum
M. Nmw
Nmw Hmtj
Hmtjycmycmn
n Fcu
Fcum
m

0:7.
0:7. R`sa
R`samn
mn `n`i
`n`i c`i
c`ia-c`
a-c`ia
ia usa`
usa` 06 tj,
tj, j`s
j`sac
ac `n`h
`n`hnm
nmsa
sas
s dkit
dkitmr
mr hmny
hmnyah
ahpu
puci
ci`n
`n
`d` andai`s
andai`saa `nmha`
`nmha` jmhkcatai
jmhkcatai.. @n`cas
@n`cas dahant`
dahant` untui
untui hmc`iui
hmc`iui`n`n pmhmrais
pmhmrais``n
``n
c`fkr`tkrauh dmng`n e`r` hmh`suii`n c`rut`n pmw`rn` smf`ny`i 0 hc imd`c`h
t`fung, imhuda`n dat`hf`ji`n = tmtms d`r`j vmn` dmng`n `ntaik`guc`n, c`cu
dajkhkgmn d`n daaniuf`sa smc`h` = hmnat. D`ra s`hpmc tmrsmfut da`hfac 0 tmtms
d`n dafu`t smda``n `pus p`d` kfomi gc`ss d`n dac`iui`n pmw`rn``n dmng`n
wragjt `t`u gamhs`.

Rmrt`ny``n
 @p` pransap sk`c?`rn``n rmtaiucks
pransap pmw`rn``n
pmw rmtaiucksat
at ;
@. tminai pmw`rn``n
pmw`rn``n supr`lat`c
supr`lat`c `rtany`
`rtany` smc h`saj
h`saj d`c`h im`d``n
im`d``n jadup
jadup
F. tminai pmw`rn``n
pmw`rn``n supr`lat`c
supr`lat`c `rtany`
`rtany` hmhpmrt`j`
hmhpmrt`j`ni`n
ni`n rmtaeucuh.
rmtaeucuh.
E. tminai rkh`nkwsiy
rkh`nkwsiy dmng`n
dmng`n pransap lais`sa smc
D. tminai
tminai hmhpmrt`
hmhpmrt`j`nj`ni`n
i`n hmhfr`n
hmhfr`nm m smc
M. tminai
tminai pmw`
pmw`rn``
rn``nn `s`h
`s`h f`s`
f`s`

0::.
0::. Umsm
Umsmkrkr`n
`ng
g y`n
y`ng
g hmn
hmng`
g`c`
c`ha
ha imc
imc`a
`an`
n`nn d`c
d`c`h
`h d`r
d`r`j
`j y`
y`ng
ng dasm
dasmf`
f`fi
fi`n
`n kcmj
kcmj
fmntui `fnkrh`c
`fnkrh`c d`ra jmhkgckfa
jmhkgckfan
n h`i` dapmrcui`n
dapmrcui`n tms d`r`j y`ngy`ng dac`iui`n
dac`iui`n
untui hmhmrais` tapm-tapm jmhkgckfan d`c`h d`r`j. J`sac tms ana s`ng`t pmntang
d`c`h
d`c`h hmnmg`ii
hmnmg`ii`n `n hmny`iat
hmny`iat smpmrta
smpmrta tj`c`ss
tj`c`ssmha`
mha`,, saecm emcc , `nmha` `pc`stae,
cmuimha` dcc.

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 

JMH@TKCKGA

 Hmtkdm `p`i`j y`ng tmp`t untui tmst tmrsmfut

 @. Ahpmd`nsa
Ahpmd`nsa
F. Lcuk
Lcukrk
rksm
smns
nsaa
E. Mcmi
Mcmitrk
trklk
lkrms
rmsasas
D. ir
irkh
kh`t
`tkg
kgr`
r`la
la
M. V`dak
V`dak ahunk
ahunk `s `ss`y
s`y

0:1
0:1. Dat
at`
` `n`
`n`i usa`
usa` 6 t`j
t`jun da
daf`w
f`w` afu
afuny` imim ruh`
ruh`j
j s`i
s`iat dm
dmng`n imcimcuj`n
j`n
pmrut
pmrut fmngi
fmngi`i
`i,, uranm
uranm imruj,
imruj, w`o`j
w`o`j pue`t
pue`t,, d`n
d`n hmng`
hmng`c`h
c`haa imtmr
imtmrc`h
c`hf`t
f`t`n
`n
pmrt
pmrtuh
uhfu
fuj`
j`n.
n. Dkit
Dkitmr
mr hmha
hmhant
nt`
` dac`
dac`iu
iui`
i`nn
nn pmhm
pmhmra
rais
is``
``nn sira
sirana
nang
ng untu
untui
i
hmndmtmisa `d`ny` tj`cc`smha` dmng`n dac`iui`n pmhmrais``n mcmitrklkrmsas.
Rmhmrais``n ana fmrtuou`n untui hmngmt`jua i`d`r d`ra omnas jmhkgckfan p`d`
`n`i

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` tapm jmhkgckfan
jmhkgckfan nkrh`c y`ng
y`ng `i`n
`i`n daouhp`a p`d` pmhmrais``
pmhmrais``n
n tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut ;
 @. Jmhkgckfan
Jmhkgckfan E
F. Jmhk
Jmhkgcgckf
kfan
an M
E. Jmhk
Jmhkgc gckf
kfan
an L
D. Jmhk
Jmhkgcgckf
kfan
an U
M. Jmhk
Jmhkgcgckf
kfan
an @6

012.
012. Ny Qmna
Qmna hmhf
hmhf`w`w`` `n`
`n`i
i c`i
c`ia-
a-c`
c`ia
iany
ny`` im
im rruh
uh`j
`j s`
s`ia
iatt dmn
dmng`
g`n
n i`r
i`rmn
mn`
` pue
pue`t
`t,,
cmh`s d`n sms`i n`l`s. R`d` pmhmrais``n lasai tmro`da pmnangi`t`n suju tufuj
d`n tm
tmrd`
rd`p`
p`tt imiun
imiunan
ang`n
g`n p`d`
p`d` iucat
iucat d`n
d`n smc`
smc`put
put cmndar
cmndar.. R`d`
R`d` pmhm
pmhmrai
rais`
s``n
`n
h`irksi
h`irksikpas
kpas uran, uran fmrw`r
fmrw`rn`
n` iunang
iunang pue`t.
pue`t. R`d`
R`d` pmhmrai
pmhmrais``s``n,
n, Ny Qmna
Qmna
hmng`t`i`n f`jw hmhacaia raw`y`t pmny`iat dmlasamnsa G<RD

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` s`o` pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n c`fkr`tkrauh
c`fkr`tkrauh y`ng
y`ng d`p`t
d`p`t hmno`da
hmno`da pmnuno`ng
pmnuno`ng da`gnksas
da`gnksas ;
 @. Rmhmrais``n
Rmhmrais``n prktman,
prktman, rmduisa
rmduisa d`n hairksikpas
hairksikpas uran

F.
E. Rmhmrais``n
Rmhmrais``n
``n d`r`j
Rmhmrais``n
Rmhmrais d`r`j
d`r`j
d `r`j cmngi`p,
cmngi`p, uran
irm`tanan
d`n d`n rmduisa
rmduisa
d`n irm`tanan
irm`tanan
D. Rmhmrais
Rmhmrais``n
``n d`r`j
d`r`j tmpa ,gcuik
,gcuiks`s` d`n uran
M. Rmhmrais``n
Rmhmrais``n rmtaiucksat,
rmtaiucksat, facarufan
facarufan d`n
d`n uran
uran

010.
010. Rmny
Rmnymf
mf`f`f tmro
tmro`d
`dan
any`
y` dmla
dmlasa
samn
mnsa
sa G<R
G<RD
D `d`
`d`c`
c`j
j hut
hut`s
`saa p`d
p`d`` gmn
gmn pmng
pmngik
ikdm
dm
mnzah G<RD y`ng tmrcmt`i p`d` irkhkskh Z y`ng daw`rasi`n d`ra kr`ngtu`
imp`d`
imp` d` `n`iny`
`n`iny`.. Hmtkdm
Hmtkdm c`fkr`tk
c`fkr`tkrauh
rauh s`ng`t
s`ng`t dapmrcui
dapmrcui`n
`n untui
untui hmnmg`i
hmnmg`ii`n
i`n
da`gnksas dmlasamnsa tmrsmfut.

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` hmtkdm pmhmrais``n y`ng smsu`a dmng`n pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut ;
 @. Dmtmisa
Dmtmisa mnzah santmsas
santmsas G<RD
G<RD
F. Dmtmisa
Dmtmisa `itava
`itavat`s
t`s mnzah
mnzah G<RD
G<RD
E. Dmtmis
Dmtmisaa mnzah i`t`c
i`t`cas`t
as`tkr
kr G<RD
G<RD
 

JMH@TKCKGA

D. Dmtmis
Dmtmisaa mnzah
mnzah hmtkdm
hmtkdm Mcas`
Mcas` G<RD
G<RD
M. Dmtmis
Dmtmisaa f`j`n
f`j`n hmnyusun
hmnyusun mnzah
mnzah G<RD
G<RD

016.
016. @nmh
@nmha` a` dml
dmlas
asam
amns
nsaa fmsa
fmsa `d`
`d`c`
c`j
j s`c`
s`c`jj s`tu
s`tu omn
omnas
as `nm
`nmha
ha`
` ga
gasa
sa y`ng
y`ng f`n
f`ny`
y`ii
hmny
hmnymr
mr`n
`ngg `n`i
`n`i d`nd`n w`naw`nat`
t`.. Fmfm
Fmfmr`
r`p`
p` pmhm
pmhmrarais
is``
``nn dagu
dagun`
n`i`
i`n
n untu
untuii
hmh`stai
hmh` stai`n
`n da`gnks
da`gnksasas d`ra
d`ra `nmha`
`nmha` omnas
omnas ana. U`c`j
U`c`j s`tuny`
s`tuny` dmng`n
dmng`n hmcaj`t
hmcaj`t
e`d`ng`n fmsa p`d` cavmr.

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` n`h` pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n y`ng dagun`i`n
dagun`i`n untui hmnac`a j`c
j`c tmrsmfut;
tmrsmfut;
@. Lmra
Lmrata
tan
n
F. Tr
Tr`n
`nsl
slmr
mran
an
E. Jmh`
Jmh`tk tkir
irat
at
D. Umru
Umruhh ark
arknn
M. Jmhk
Jmhkgc gckf
kfanan

015
015. R`sa
`samn d`t`ng imsmfu`j ruh`
ruh`jj s`i
s`iat dmn
dmng`n
g`n imc
imcuj`n
j`n hud`j
d`j e`p
e`pmi,
cmh`s, smrang pusang, dmt`i o`ntung emp`t, n`p`s pmndmi d`n iuiu fmfmr`p`
r`puj. Dkitmr hmhant` dac`iui`n pmhmrais``n c`fkr`tkrauh untui hmngmt`jua
z`tt fmsa
z` fmsa y`n
y`ng fmrj
fmrjuf
ufun
ung`
g`n
n dmng
dmng`n
`n tr`n
tr`nsl
slmr
mran
an pc`s
pc`sh`
h` (pr
(prktma
ktman)
n) y`ng
y`ng
fmrt`ngg
fmrt`nggung
ungo`w
o`w`f
`f tmrj`d`p
tmrj`d`p tr`nspkr
tr`nspkrt`s
t`saa z`t fmsa
fmsa im suhsung
suhsung tuc`ng
tuc`ng untui
untui
santms` jmhkgckfan.

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` omnas
omnas pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n y`ng y`ng dac`iui`n
dac`iui`n tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut ;
 @. Fmsa Umruh
Umruh
F. U`tu
U`tur`t
r`tmd
md Tr`n
Tr`nslm
slmran
ran
E. Rrktkpk
Rrktkpkrlar
rlaran
an mratrks
mratrksat
at fmf`s
fmf`s
D. Tkt`c
Tkt`c Arkn
Arkn F`ndang
F`ndang E`p`eE`p`eaty
aty
M. ]ns`tu
]ns`tur`tm
r`tms s arkn Fanda
Fandangng E`p`e
E`p`eaty
aty

014.
014.smrang Tu`n
Tu`n Qkn
Qknk
pusang, k d`t`
d`t`ng
dmt`i ng imr
imruh
o`ntung uh`j
`j s`i
s`iat
emp`t, at dm
n`p`sdmng`n
ng`n imc
imcuj
pmndmi uj`n
`niuiu
d`n hud
hud`j
`j e`p
e`pmi
mi,, r`puj.
fmfmr`p` cmh`
cmh`s,
s,
Dkitmr
Dkit mr hmhant`
hmhant` dac`iui
dac`iui`n
`n pmhmrai
pmhmrais``
s``n
n c`fkr`t
c`fkr`tkrau
krauhh hmdas
hmdas y`ng
y`ng hmnguiu
hmnguiur  r 
 ouhc`j fmrmd`rny`
fmrmd`rny` fmsa y`ng tmrai`t untui tr`nslmran.
tr`nslmran. Dah`n` j`sac pmnguiur`n
pmnguiur`n
ana dapmrkcmj dmng`n hmhf`ga fmsa smruh dmng`n TAFE j`sacny` dai`cai`n 022.

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` omnas
omnas pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n c`fkr`tkrau
c`fkr`tkrauhh tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut ;
 @. Lmratan
F. Tr
Tr`n
`nsl
slmr
mran
an
E. U`tur`t
U`tur`tmd md Tr`ns
Tr`nslmra
lmran
n (UA)
(UA)
D. Tkt`c
Tkt`c Arkn Fanda
Fandang
ng E`p`eat
E`p`eaty y (TAFE)
(TAFE)
M. ]ns`tu
]ns`tur`tm
r`tms
s arkn Fandang
Fandang E`p`eat
E`p`eatyy (]AFE)
(]AFE)
 

JMH@TKCKGA

01=.
01=. Umkr
Umkr`n
`ng
g pmnd
pmndmr
mrat
at`
` tj`c
tj`c`s
`smh
mha`
a` hmnm
hmnmhp
hp`t`taa imc`
imc`an
an`n
`n gmnm
gmnmta
tai
i y`ng
y`ng p`ca
p`cang
ng
uhuh da smcuruj duna` dmng`n prmv`cmnsa i`ramr t`c`smha` da Andknmsa` `d`c`j
smiat`r 5-02%. Da`gnks` hkcmiucmr p`d` t`j`p siranang fmrup` hut`sa A\U-0 nt =
(G>E) hmrup`i`n hut`sa tmrsmrang dasusuc dmng`n JFM (ekdkn 6<) d`n A\U0 nt
0(G>T) smsu`a dmng`n hut`sa cke`c s`ng`tc`j dapmrcui`n.

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Hmtkd` da`gnksas hkcmiucmr `p`i`j y`ng smsu`a p`d` i`sus tmrsmfut ;
 @. AJE
F. LAUJ
E. L@EJ
L@EJ `n`cy
`n`cysas
sas
D. @hank
@hank @ead
@ead smqumne
smqumneang
ang
M. REV-VL
REV-VLCRCR d`n tminai
tminai @VHU
@VHU

01<
01<. Rmw`
mw`rn`
rn` satki
atkiah
ahaa`wa
`wa dagu
agun`i`n
i`n untu
ntui hmng
hmngu uoa mcmhm
cmhmn
n iaha
aha`wa y`ng
tmrd`p`t p`d` cmiksat. Rmw`rn``n ana hmngiknlarh`sa i`ndung`n gr`nuc` d`ra smc
g`n`s y`ng fmrh`nl``t d`c`h ic`salai`sa cmimha`.

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` omnas
omnas pmw`rn`
pmw`rn` y`ng tmrh`sui imckhpki tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut ;
@. Uud`
Uud`n n Fc`e
Fc`ei
iF
F. H`y
H`y Grun
Grunw`
w`cd
cd
E. Cmas
Cmasjh
jh`n`n
D. Gam
amhs
hs``
M. Omssnm
snmr 

017. Umkr`ng @TCH hmc`iui`n pmhmrais``n jatung omnas cmiksat p`samn

nkrh`c. R`d` pmhmrais``n datmhui`n smc fmrda`hmtmr 06-0= ½h, fmrirkh`tan anta
`g`i i`s`r, anta fmrfmntui t`p`c iud`, satkpc`sh` fmrw`rn` faru hud`.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` smc y`ng p`cang
p`cang hungian
hungian p`d` pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut;
tmrsmfut;

Racaj`n
@. O`w`f`n
H knksat ?
F. F`sklac
E. Mksanklac
D. Cahlksat
M. Nmtrklac

01:. Umkr`ng @TCH hmc`iui`n pmhmrais``n jatung omnas cmiksat p`samn

nkrh`c. R`d` pmhmrais``n datmhui`n smc fmrda`hmtmr 02-0= ½h, dmng`n anta
fmrirkh`
fmri rkh`tan
tan i`s`r,
i`s`r, fmrckfu
fmrckfus
s du` dajufun
dajufungi`
gi`nn lac`hmn
lac`hmn j`cus
j`cus imeac,
imeac, satkpc`s
satkpc`sh`
h`
daasa gr`nuc` i`s`r fmrw`rn` hmr`j.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` smc y`ng p`cang
p`cang hungian
hungian p`d` pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut;
tmrsmfut;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Hknksat
 

JMH@TKCKGA

F. F`sklac
E. Mksanklac
D. Cahlksat
M. Nmtrklac

011. Umkr`ng @TCH s``t hmhmrais` d`r`j cmngi`p hmnmhui`n j`sac

cmuik
cmu iksat
satks
ksas,
as, :1 x 025/γ
025/γC,
C, c`c
c`cu
u @TCH
@TCH hmhfuhmhfu`t `t smda`
smda``n
`n `pus
`pus d`n
d`n daw`r
daw`rn`
n`aa
dmng`n
dmn g`n Gamhs.
Gamhs. R`d`
R`d` pmhmrais
pmhmrais``n``n dad`p`t
dad`p`ti`n
i`n j`hpar
j`hpar smhu`
smhu` hknknue
hknknuecm`r 
cm`r 
dmng`n
dmn g`n irkh`
irkh`tan
tan j`cus
j`cus,, nuec
nuecmkc
mkcaa 0-5.
0-5. @TCH
@TCH hmngi
hmngikns
knsuc
uci`n
i`n j`sac
j`sac tmrsmf
tmrsmfut
ut
dmng`n
dmn g`n dkitmr
dkitmr UpRI
UpRI da c`fkr`tk
c`fkr`tkrauh
rauh tmrsmfu
tmrsmfut,
t, smtmc`j
smtmc`j dapmrais
dapmrais`,
`, kcmj dkitmr 
dkitmr 
tmrsmfut dahant` dac`iui`n pmw`rn``n hymckpmrkisad`sm.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Umc `p` y`ng hmnunouii`n rm`isa pksatal dmng`n pmw`rn``n tmrsmfut;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Trkhfksat
F. Mratrksat
E. Umc smra hymckad
D. Cahlksat
M. Vmtaiucksat

622.
622. Umkr
Umkr`n
`ng
g @TC
@TCH
H p`d
p`d`
` su`
su`tu
tu c`fk
c`fkr`
r`tk
tkra
rauh
uh hmhm
hmhmra
rais
is`
` CMD
CMD p`sa
p`samn
mn c`ia
c`ia-c
-c`i
`ia,
a,
6= t`jun. R`d` prksmdur tmrsmfut @TCH hmnggun`i`n hmtkdm Wmstmrgrmmn
hkda
hk dala
lai`
i`sa
sa.. R`d`
R`d` hmtk
hmtkdm
dm ana
ana d`r`
d`r`jj MDT@
MDT@ damn
damnem
emri
ri`n
`n cmfa
cmfaj
j d`ju
d`jucu
cu c`cu
c`cu
dah`suii`n im d`c`h papmt d`n daf`e` smtmc`j w`itu tmrtmntu.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` c`rut`n
c`rut`n pmngmnemr
pmngmnemr y`ng dagun`i`n
dagun`i`n p`d` pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut;
tmrsmfut;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. @iu`fadms
@iu`fadms hurna
F. @hhknauh kis`c`t 0%
E. Fullmrm pJ <,4
D
M.. Uu
F`claln
mrmlksl`t pJ <,1

620.
620. Umkr
Umkr`n
`ngg p`s
p`sam
amn n w`n
w`natat`
` 5
56
6 t`j
t`jun
un d`t`
d`t`ng
ng im c`fk
c`fkr`
r`tk
tkra
rauh
uh hmhf
hmhf`w
`w` ` sur
sur`t
`t
pmng`nt`r d`ra dkitmr untui pmhmrais``n CMD. R`d` sur`t pmng`nt`r dkitmr 
hmhfmra
hmhf mra imtmr`ng
imtmr`ng`n
`n iacnas
iacnas `nmha`.
`nmha`. Umtmc`j
Umtmc`j dapmrais`
dapmrais` dapmrkcm
dapmrkcmj
j j`sac
j`sac CMD <
hh/<2 hmnat.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
  F`g`ah`n` j`sac pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Nkrh`c smsu`a
smsu`a dmng`n
dmng`n rmlmrmnsa
rmlmrmnsa
F. Tad`i nkrh`c, hmnurut imc`han
E. Tad`i nk
nkrh`c, tatad`i sm
smsu`a us
usa`
D. Nkr
krh
h`c, d`n smsu`
su`a ican
canas p`samn
amn
M. Nkrh`
rh`c, ttaad`i sms
smsu
u`a ic
icanas p`s
p`saamn
 

JMH@TKCKGA

626.
626. Umkr
Umkr`n
`ngg @TCH
@TCH hm
hmc`iu
c`iui
i`n pmh
pmhmr
mrai
ais`
s``n
`n CM
CMD p`d`
p`d` p`s
p`sam
amn
n pra`
pra` dmw
dmw`s
`s`
`
smsu`a UKR, d`n j`sacny` 4 hh/<2 hmnat. Rmhmrais``n c`an dmng`n j`sac? Jf 02
g/dC, VFE 4.6 x 02</γC, WFE 5=22/ γC, jmh`tkirat 42%, trkhfksat 062 x 025/
γC, `cfuhan 1.= g/dC, gcuiks` d`r`j =2 hg/dC, R`d` sur`t pmng`nt`r dkitmr 
hmhfmra imtmr`ng`n iacnas `nmha`.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
  @p` dug``n pmnymf`f j`sac pmhmrais``n tad`i smsu`a dmng`n icanas p`samn;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Trkhfksatkpmna`
Trkhfksatkpmna`
F. Cmuikpmna`
E. Japmr`cfuhanmha`
D. Japkgcaimha`
M. Tj`c`ssmha`

625.
625. Umkr
Umkr`n
`ngg @TC
@TCHH `i`n
`i`n hmc`
hmc`iu
iui`
i`n
n pmh
pmhmrmrai
ais`
s``n
`n untu
untui
i p`r
p`r`h
`hmt
mtmr
mr rmta
rmtaiu
iuck
cksa
satt
dmng`n `c`t j`mh`tkckgy `n`cyzmr. N`hun p`d` s``t `c`t dajadupi`n `c`t tad`i
d`p`t dagun`i`n. Jatung rmtaiucksat `i`n dac`iui`n sme`r` h`nu`c.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
  @p` omnas rm`gmnsa` y`ng d`p`t dagun`i`n p`d` pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut ;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Gamhs` skcutakn
skcutakn
F. Frkhermskc purpcm
E. J`ymh skcutakn
D. Fracca`nt ermsyc fcum
M. Turi skcutakn

624.
624. Umkr
Umkr`n
`ngg @TCH
@TCH hmc
hmc`i
`iui
ui`n
`n pmh
pmhmrmrai
ais`
s``n
`n rmt
rmtai
aiuc
ucks
ksat
at hmt
hmtkd
kdm
m supr
supr`v
`vat
at`c
`c,, d`ra
d`ra
0222 mratrksat tmrd`p`t =2 rmtaiucksat. R`d` jatung ouhc`j mratrksat dad`p`ti`n 4,6
 out`/½C j`sac
j`sac ekntrkc
ekntrkc pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n ouhc`j
ouhc`j mratrksat
mratrksat d`c`h
d`c`h f`t`s imfmrtmrah``n.
imfmrtmrah``n.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Fmr`p` ouhc`j rmtaiucksat pmr hairkcatmr d`r`j;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. =22.222 smc/ γC
F. 462.222 smc/ γC
E. <22.222 smc/ γC
D. 602.222 smc/γC
M. 6=2.222 smc/γC

62=. R`samn c`ia-c`ia : t`jun d`t`ng im c`fkr`tkrauh hmhf`w` sur`t

pmhmrais``n d`ra dkitmr untui pmhmrais``n mksanklac tkt`c dmng`n imtmr`ng`n
icanas `se`ra`sas. Rmng`hfac`n d`r`j, pmngkc`j`n d`n pmhmrais``n dac`iui`n
smsu`a dmng`n prksmdur, d`n j`sac pmhmrais``n mksanklac tkt`c? 6422 smc/uC (nac`a
ruoui`n 022-422 smc/½C)
 

JMH@TKCKGA

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
F`g`ah`n` j`sac pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut ;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Nkrh`c smsu`a
smsu`a dmng`n
dmng`n rmlmrmnsa
rmlmrmnsa
F. Hmnangi`t, smsumsu`a icanas p`sam samn
E. Tad`i nk
nkrh`c, tatad`i sm
smsu`a ususa`
D. Nkr
krh
h`c, d`n smsu`su`a ican
canas p`samn
amn
M. Nkr
krh
h`c, tad
tad`i smsu`
su`a icana
canas
s p`samn
amn

62<
62<. Umkr
mkr`ng @TCH hmhhmhmr
mrai
ais
s` ouhc`
uhc`j
j mksan
ksank
klac
lac tkt
tkt`c hmng
hmngg
gun`i`n i`h
i`h`r 
jatung Ahprkvmd Nmwf`wmr. R`d` pmhmrais``n d`ra 4 ikt`i fms`r (cu`s ta`p
ikt`i 0 hh x 0 hh9 tangga 0/02 hh) dad`p`ti`n 4: mksanklac, pmngmnemr`n 02
i`ca,
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Fmr`p` ouhc`j mksanklac p`d` pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut ;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. 6.622 smc/γC
smc/γC
F. 0.622 smc/ γC
E. 4.:22 smc/ γC
D. 5.222 smc/ γC
M. =.222 smc/ γC

627. @TCH su`tu c`fkr`tkrauh `i`n hmc`iui`n pmhmrais``n cmiksat

hmnggun`i`n i`h`r jatung ahprkvmd nmw f`wmr i`rmn` `c`t
j`mh`tkckgy`n`cyzmr rus`i. R`d` s``t dac`iui`n pmngasa`n i`h`r jatung `d`
gmcmhfung ud`r`.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
  F`g`ah`n` j`sac pmhmrais``n y`ng `i`n dapmrkcmj;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @.
F. D`c`h
Hmnangf`t`s
f`t
i`t`s
p`nkrh`c
nkrh`
csu c
E. Hmnurun p`csu
D. Hmnurun du` i`ca
M. Hmnurun tag` i`ca

62:. @TCH su`tu c`fkr`tkrauh `i`n hmc`iui`n pmhmrais``n cmiksat

hmnggun`i`n `c`t j`mh`tkckgy`n`cyzmr. R`d` s``t `c`t dajadupi`n `c`t tad`i
d`p`
d` p`tt jadu
jadup
p d`n
d`n f`ei
f`ei-u
-up
p `c`t
`c`t h`sa
h`saj
j d`c`
d`c`h
h pmrf
pmrf`a
`ai`
i`n,
n, kcmj
kcmj i`rm
i`rmn`
n` atu
atu
pmhmrais``n `i`n dac`iui`n h`nu`c.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` rm`gmnsa`
rm`gmnsa` y`ng
y`ng `i`n dagun`i`n
dagun`i`n p`d` i`sus tmrsmfut;
tmrsmfut;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Gkwmr 
F. @hknauh kis`c`t
 

JMH@TKCKGA

E. Tur i
D. J`ymh
M. @s`h ickrad`

621
621. Umkr
mkr`ng @TCH hmhhmhmrmrai
ais
s` ouhc`
uhc`j
j cmiksat
ksat hmn
hmnggu
ggun`i
n`i`n i`h`r
h`r jatu
atung
Ahprkvmd Nmwf`wmr. R`d` pmhmrais``n d`ra <4 ikt`i smd`ng (cu`s ta`p ikt`i
0/4 hh x 0/4 hh9 tangga 0/02 hh) dad`p`ti`n 0=< cmiksat, pmngmnemr`n 02 i`ca,
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Fmr`p` ouhc`j cmiksat p`d` pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut ;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. 0.=22 smc/γC
smc/γC
F. 6.=22 smc/ γC
E. 5.122 smc/ γC
D. =.222 smc/ γC
M. 7.:22 smc/ γC

602.
602. @TCH
@TCH hmc`
hmc`iu
iui`
i`n
n pmhmr
pmhmrai
ais`
s``n
`n iknt
ikntrk
rkcc untui
ntui pmhm
pmhmra
rais
is``
``n
n mratr
mratrks
ksat
at d`n
d`n
j`sacny` s``t dapckti`n p`d` gr`lai CO fmr`d` 6Ud da`t`s g`ras hm`n, d`n p`d`
j`ra smfmcuhny` j`sac ikntrkc 6Ud daf`w`j g`ras hm`n.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` i`tmgkra
i`tmgkra j`sac
j`sac ikntrkc p`d`
p`d` i`sus
i`sus tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut ;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. 66U.
F. V4 U
E. 40U
D. 06U
M. 4Z

600. Uu`tu c`fkr`tkrauh sme`r` tad`i tmrdug` imrus`i`n `c`t

j`mh`tkc
j`mh
i`rmn``tkckgy`
kgy`n`c
atu n`cyzmr
yzmr,, smhmnt`r
pmhmrais``n smhm nt`r`
mratrksat ``i`n
f`ei-up
f`eidac`iui`n
-up `c`t h`saj
h`saj d`c`h
sme`r` d`c`h pmrf`ai`
pmrf
h`nu`c `ai`n,
n, kcmj
kcmj
hmnggun`i`n
i`h`r jatung.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` rm`gmnsa`
rm`gmnsa` y`ng
y`ng `i`n dagun`i`n
dagun`i`n p`d` i`sus tmrsmfut;
tmrsmfut;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. @s`h `smt`t
`smt`t
F. @hknauh kis`c`t
E. Turi
D. J`ymh
M. @s`h ickrad`

606.
606. Umkr
Umkr`n
`ng
g @TCH
@TCH hmhm
hmhmra
rais
is`
` ouhc`
ouhc`j
j mrat
mratrk
rksa
satt hmngg
hmnggu
un`i`
n`i`n
n i`h`r
i`h`r jatu
jatung
ng
Ahprkvmd Nmwf`wmr. R`d` pmhmrais``n d`ra :2 ikt`i imeac (cu`s ta`p ikt`i
0/62hh x 0/62 hh9 tangga 0/02 hh) dad`p`ti`n 6=2 VFE, pmngmnemr`n 622 i`ca,
 

JMH@TKCKGA

Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Fmr`p` ouhc`j mratrksat p`d` pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut ;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. 0,= out` smc/
smc/ γC
F. 6,2 out` smc/ γC
E. 6,= out` smc/ γC
D. 6,: out` smc/γC
M. 5,2 out` smc/ γC

605.
605. Umkr
Umkr`n
`ng
g p`s
p`sam
amnn w`n
w`nat
at`
` 5
57
7 t`j
t`jun
un d`t`
d`t`ng
ng im c`fk
c`fkr`
r`tk
tkra
rauh
uh hmhf
hmhf`w
`w`
` sur
sur`t
`t
pmng`nt`r pmhmrais``n d`ra dkitmr untui pmhmrais``n mcmtrklkrmsas-Jf. R`d`
pmhmrais``n jmh`tkckga dad`p`ti`n Jf 06,6 g/dC, jmh`tkirat 51,=%9 HE\ :4 lC.
D`ra j`sac mcmitrklkrmsa Jf dad`p`t Jf@ 17%, JfL 2,:%9 Jf@6 6,6%
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` antmrprmt`sa
antmrprmt`sa j`sac pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Tj`c`ssmha`
Tj`c`ssmha` fmt` tr`at
F. Tj`c`ssmha` aan
ntmrhmda`
E. Tj`c`ssmha` h`ykr  
D. Tj`c`ssmha` `cl` hankr 
M. Nkrh`c jmhkgckfan

604
604. Umkr
mkr`ng p`sam
samn pra` 47 t`j
t`jun d`t`
`t`ng im c`f
c`fkr`t
r`tkrauh
auh hmhf
hmhf`
`w` sur
sur`t
pmng`nt`r pmhmrais``n d`ra dkitmr untui pmhmrais``n mcmtrklkrmsas-Jf. R`d`
pmhmrais``n jmh`tkckga dad`p`ti`n Jf 00,6 g/dC, VFE 4,= x 02</uC, jmh`tkirat
56,=%9 HE\ 76 lC. D`ra j`sac mcmitrklkrmsa Jf dad`p`t Jf@ 1=%, JfL 2,=%9
Jf@6 4,=%
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` dug``n
dug``n antmrprmt`sa
antmrprmt`sa j`sac
j`sac pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut;
tmrsmfut;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
@. Tj`c`ssmha` fmt` tr`at
F. Tj`c`ssmha` `cl` hankr 
E. Nkrh`c jmhkgckfan
D. Tj`c`ssmha` an
antmrhmda`
M. Tj`c`ssmha` h`ykr  

60=. Umkr`ng p`samn pra` 6: t`jun d`t`ng im dkitmr hmhf`w` j`sac

pmhm
pmhmrrais`
ais``
`n mcmi
mcmitr
trkl
klkr
krms
msas
as Jf. J`sa
J`sacc pmhm
pmhmra
rais
is`
``n mcmi
mcmitr
trkl
klkr
krms
msas
as Jf
hmnu
hm nuno
noui
uii`
i`nn Jf@
Jf@ 14%,
14%, JfL
JfL 0,6%
0,6%99 Jf@6
Jf@6 4,:%
4,:%.. Umtm
Umtmc`
c`j
j hmca
hmcaj`
j`tt j`sa
j`sacc
pmhmrais``n, dkitmr hmny`t`i`n dug``n tj`c`ssmha`. Dkitmr hmhfmrat`ju im
p`samn pmrcu pmhmrais``n untui iknlarh`sa
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` n`h` tms iknlarh`sa
iknlarh`sa untui
untui i`sus tmrsmfut;
tmrsmfut;
 

JMH@TKCKGA

Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Rmhmrais``n
Rmhmrais``n JRCE
JRCE
F. Rmhmrais``n aanndmis Hm
Hmntzmr 
E. Rmhmrais``n Jmanz fkdams
D. Kshktae lr`gacaty
M. @n`casas DN@

60<.
60<. Umkr
Umkr`n
`ngg @TCH
@TCH hmhm
hmhmra rais
is`
` ouhc
ouhc`j
`j trkh
trkhfk
fks
sat hmng
hmnggu
gun`
n`i`
i`n
n i`h`r
i`h`r jat
jatun
ung
g
Ahprkvmd Nmwf`wmr. R`d` pmhmrais``n d`ra :2 ikt`i imeac (cu`s ta`p ikt`i
0/62hh x 0/62 hh9 tangga 0/02 hh) dad`p`ti`n 062 trkhfksat, pmngmnemr`n 022
i`ca,
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Fmr`p` ouhc`j trkhfksat p`d` pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut ;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. 4=2 x 025
025 smc/γC
F. 6=2 x 025 smc/ γC
E. <22 x 025 smc/γC
D. 5=2 x 025 smc/ γC
M. =22 x 025 smc/ γC

607. Uu`tu c`fkr`tkrauh hmnmrah` iarah`n d`r`j MDT@ d`ra d`mr`j

hmnggun`i`n
hmnggun` i`n tr`vmc untui pmhmrais``n trkhfksat t`np` hmnggun`i`n
hmnggun`i`n ekkcfkx.
Upms
Upmsahm
ahmn
n s``t
s``t dapmr
dapmrais
ais`
` sud`j
sud`j : o`h
o`h smo`i
smo`i d`r`
d`r`j
j da`hf
da`hfacac d`n
d`n kcmj
kcmj @TCH
@TCH
spmeahmn datkc`i i`rmn` tad`i c`y`i.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Fmr`p` o`h st`facat`s spmsahmn untui pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut ;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
@. Du` o`h
F
E.. Tah
M g`p`ot`h
o`h
D. Cah` o`h
M. Mn`h o`h

60:.
60:. Umkr
Umkr`n
`ngg @TCH
@TCH hmchmc`i
`iui
ui`n
`n pmhm
pmhmrarais
is``
``n
n trkh
trkhfk
fksa
satt p`sa
p`samn
mn lmf
lmfra
ras,
s, j`s
j`sac
ac 0=<
0=<
x 025/γC9 j`sac ikntrkc trkhfksat p`d` j`ra tmrsmfut d`c`h s`tu`n Ud smfms`r 
2.:9 j`sac ikntrkc d`c`h mhp`t j`ra tmr`ijar sme`r` fmrturut d`c`h s`tu`n Ud
`d`c`j? 2.<9 2.49 2.79 2.= da `t`s g`ras hm`n
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` y`ng
y`ng j`rus dac`iui`n
dac`iui`n p`d` j`sac
j`sac tmrsmfut ;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. J`sac daimcu`ri`n
daimcu`ri`n i`rmn` smsu`a icanas p`samn
p`samn
F. J`sa
J`sacc tad
tad`i
`i da
daimc
imcu`ri
u`ri`n
`n i`rm
i`rmn`
n` iknt
ikntrkrkcc 40U
40U
 

JMH@TKCKGA

E. J`sa
J`sacc dai
daimc
mcu`
u`riri`n
`n i`
i`rm
rmn`
n` j`sa
j`sacc ekn
ekntr
trkckc tmr`
tmr`ij
ijar
ar 00U
00U
D. J`s
J`sac daim
daimcu
cu`r
`ri`
i`n
n i`r
i`rmn`
mn` j`sa
j`sacc iknt
ikntrk rkcc 66U
66U
M. J`sac
J`sac tad`i
tad`i daimcu
daimcu`ri
`ri`n
`n i`rmn
i`rmn`
` j`s
j`sacac ekntr
ekntrkc
kc h`sui
h`sui i`tmgk
i`tmgkral
ral trm
trmnd
nd

601
601. Umkr
mkr`ng w`nat`
nat` 40 t`j
t`jun, d`t`ng
t`ng im c`fkr
fkr`tkrau
rauh hmhf`
hf`w` sur
ur`
`t
pmhmrais``n d`ra dkitmr untui pmhmrais``n HE\. R`d` c`fkr`tkrauh tmrsmfut
pmhmrais``n jmh`tkckga dac`iui`n sme`r` h`nu`c. J`sac pmhmrais``n Jf 8 06,5
g/dC9 jmh`tkirat 8 56%9 VFE 8 5,= out`/uC.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Fmr`p` HE\ p`d` pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut ;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. 5=,0 lC
F. 10,4 lC
E. 5:,4 lC
D. 6<,0 lC
M. 6:,4 lC

662
662. Umkr
mkr`ng w`nat`
nat` =0 t`j
t`jun, d`t`ng
t`ng im c`fkr
fkr`tkrau
rauh hmhf`
hf`w` sur
ur`
`t
pmhmrais``n d`ra dkitmr untui pmhmrais``n HEJ. R`d` c`fkr`tkrauh tmrsmfut
pmhmrais``n jmh`tkckga dac`iui`n sme`r` h`nu`c. J`sac pmhmrais``n Jf 8 00,4
g/dC9 jmh`tkirat 8 52%9 VFE 8 5,6 out`/uC.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Fmr`p` HEJ p`d` pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut ;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
@. 5=,< pg
F. 15,7 pg
E. 5:,2 pg
D. 6:,2 pg
M. 6<,5 pg

660.
660. Umkr
Umkr`n
`ng
pmhmrais``n g @TCH
@TCH tad`i
tmrsmfut hmc`
hmc`iu
iui`
i`n
n pmhm
pmhmra
tmrfmntui rais
is``
fmn`ng``nn eckt
ecktta
lafran tang
ng tahm
tahm
smtmc`j 0<hmtk
hmtkdm
dm scad
hmnat. scadm.
m. R`d`
R`d`
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
  @p` y`ng j`rus dac`iui`n kcmj @TCH p`d` i`sus tmrsmfut ;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. @TCH hmhant`
hmhant` pmnd`p`t
pmnd`p`t imdu`imdu` d`ra tmh`n
tmh`n smnakr 
smnakr 
F. Hmc`
Hmc`pk
pkri
ri`n
`n j`sa
j`sacc –ec
–eckt
ktta
tang
ng tahm
tahm cmfa
cmfaj
j d`r
d`raa 0<
0< hmna
hmnat‘t‘
E. Hmc`
Hmc`iu
iui`
i`nn pmh
pmhmrmraais``
is``nn dmn
dmng`
g`n
n hmt
hmtkd
kdm m t`f
t`fung
ung
D. Hmng
Hmngucuc`n
`ng
g pmh
pmhmr
mrai ais`
s``n
`n p`d`
p`d` imms
immski
ki`n
`n j`ra
j`rany
ny``
M. Hmng
Hmngu uc`n
c`ng pm
pmhmr
hmraisais``n dmn
dmng`n
g`n @T
@TCH c` c`an

666.
666. Umkr
Umkr`n
`ng
g p`s
p`sam
amn
n w`n
w`nat
at`
` 6
61
1 t`j
t`jun
un d`t`
d`t`ng
ng im c`fk
c`fkr`
r`tk
tkra
rauh
uh hmhf
hmhf`w
`w`
` sur
sur`t
`t
pmng`nt`r pmhmrais``n d`ra dkitmr untui pmhmrais``n Vuhpcm Cmmdm. @TCH
hmc`iui`n pmhmrais``n d`n j`sacny` tmrd`p`t 0= pmtmeja`m smtmc`j pmrekf``n.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 

JMH@TKCKGA

 @p` antmrprmt`sa j`sac pmhmrais``n p`d` i`sus da `t`s;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Imc`an`n lungsa Trkhfksat
Trkhfksat
F. Rmhfucuj d`d`r`j fk
fkekr
E. ]oa Vuhpcm Cmmdm pksatal 
D. Japmr`grmg`sa tr
trkhfksat
M. Japk`grmg`sa tr
trkhfksat

665.
665. Umkr
Umkr`n
`ngg @TC
@TCH H hmc`
hmc`iu
iui`
i`nn pmh
pmhmr
mrai
ais`
s``n
`n Jf p`sa
p`samn
mn `nmh
`nmha`
a`,, j`s
j`sac
ac :.<
:.< g/d
g/dC9
C9
j`sac ikntrkc Jf p`d` j`ra tmrsmfut d`c`h s`tu`n Ud smfms`r +6.59 j`sac ikntrkc
d`c`h tag` j`ra tmr`ijar
tmr`ijar sme`
sme`r`
r` fmrturut d`c`h
d`c`h s`tu`n Ud `d`c`j?
`d`c`j? + 2.49 + 2.:9 +
6.0
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` y`ng
y`ng j`rus dac`iui`n
dac`iui`n p`d` j`sac
j`sac pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut ;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. J`sac daimcu`ri`n
daimcu`ri`n i`rmn` smsu`a icanas p`samn p`samn
F. J`s
J`sac tad`
tad`i i daim
daimcu
cu`r
`ri
i`n i`rm
i`rmn`
n` iknt
ikntrk
rkcc 40U
E. J`s
J`sac daim
daimcucu`r
`rii`n i`rmn
`rmn`
` j`sa
j`sacc iknt
ikntrk
rkcc 00U
D. J`sa
J`sacc ttad
ad`i
`i daim
daimccu`ri
u`ri`n
`n i`rm
i`rmn`n` iknt
ikntrk rkcc 66U
M. J`s
J`sac tad`
tad`i i daim
daimcu
cu`r
`ri
i`n i`rm
i`rmn`
n` `d`
`d` trmn
trmndd

664.
664. Uu`t
Uu`tuu c`fk
c`fkr`
r`tk
tkra
rauh
uh hmn
hmnd`
d`p`
p`tt imcu
imcuj`
j`nn d`ra
d`ra pmc
pmc`n
`ngg
gg`n
`n f`j
f`jw`
w` j`s
j`sac
ac Jf
Jf
y`ng
y`n g daimc
daimcu`r
u`ri`n
i`n kcmj
kcmj c`fkr
c`fkr`tk
`tkra
rauh
uh tmrsm
tmrsmfu
futt tad`i
tad`i fmn`
fmn`r.r. ]ntui
]ntui hmrms
hmrmspk pkn
n
pmc`ngg`n, @TCH c`f tmrsmfut hmng`hfac d`r`j p`samn d`n daf`ga du`, s`tu
daiarah
daiarah im c`fkr`tk
c`fkr`tkrauh
rauh tmr`irm
tmr`irmdat`
dat`sa
sa d`n y`ng
y`ng s`tu dapmrai
dapmrais`
s` da c`fkr`t
c`fkr`tkrau
krauhh
tmrsmfut untui pmhmrais``n Jf.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p`i`j imga`t`n y`ng dac`iui`n
dac`iui`n kcmj @TCH
@TCH p`d` i`susi`sus da `t`s;
`t`s;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @.
F. ]oa jkhkgmnat`s
jkhkg
]oa prklasammnat`s
nsa
E. Rmh`nt`p`n hutu antmrn`c
D. Rmh`nt`p`n hu hutu mi
mistmrn`c
M. ]oa f`ndang
66=.
66=. Umkr
Umkr`n`ng
g @TC
@TCH H `i`
`i`n
n hmc
hmc`i
`iui
ui`n
`n pmhm
pmhmra
rais
is``
``n
n jmh
jmhkg
kgck
ckfa
fan
n p`s
p`sam
amn
n dmn
dmng`
g`n
n
jmh`tkckgy `n`cyzmr. Umfmcuh hmhmrais` p`samn, dac`iui`n pmhmrais``n f`j`n
ikntrk
ikn trkcc d`n j`sac
j`sacny`
ny` 5Ud
5Ud da`t`
da`t`s
s g`ras
g`ras hm`n.
hm`n. Imhud
Imhuda`n
a`n @TCH
@TCH hmngu
hmnguc`n
c`ng
g
pmhmrais``n f`j`n ikntrkc smtmc`j dac`iui`n ikrmisa, tmrny`t` j`sacny` hanus
5Ud daf`w`j g`ras hm`n.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` y`ng
y`ng j`rus dac`iui`n
dac`iui`n p`d` pmhmrais`
pmhmrais``n`n tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut ;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Hmhmrais` f`j`n ikntrkc
ikntrkc kcmj
kcmj RO
F. @TCH Hm
Hmc`iui`n i`i`cafr`sa
 

JMH@TKCKGA

E. F`j`
`j`n ikntrkc
rkc dapm
apmrais
rais`` kcm
kcmj @TCH c`an
c`an
D. Hmc`
Hmc`i
iui`n pmn
pmneue
euea`n p`d``d` sm
smc`ng
c`ng `c`t
c`t
M. Hmh`
Hmh`n nggac tminas
nasa `c`t
c`t c`f
c`fkr`t
r`tkrau
rauh

66<. Uu`tu c`fkr`tkrauh hmnmrah` iarah`n d`r`j MDT@ d`ra d`mr`j

hmnggun`i`n tr`vmc untui pmhmrais``n rmtaiucksat t`np` hmnggun`i`n ekkcfkx.
Upms
Upmsahm
ahmn
n s``t
s``t dapmr
dapmrais
ais`
` sud`j
sud`j : o`h
o`h smo`i
smo`i d`r`
d`r`j
j da`hf
da`hfacac d`n
d`n kcmj
kcmj @TCH
@TCH
spmeahmn datkc`i i`rmn` tad`i c`y`i.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
Fmr`p` o`h st`facat`s spmsahmn untui pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut ;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Tag` o`h
F. Mhp`t o`h
E. Cah` o`h
D. Mn`h o`h
M. Tuouj o`h

667.
667. C`fk
C`fkr`
r`tk
tkra
rauh
uh hmnm
hmnmra
rah`
h` iara
iarah`
h`n n d`r`j
d`r`j MDT
MDT@@ p`sa
p`samn
mn pkc
pkcys
ysat
atmh
mha`
a` untu
untui
i
pmhmrais``n jmh`tkirat. U`hpmc c`y`i pmrais`, @TCH hmhmrais` dmng`n `c`t
ktkh`tas smsu`a prksmdur, ekntrkc datmrah`, dad`p`ti`n j`sac Jt? <2%.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
F`g`ah`n` j`sac pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut ;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Nkrh`c smsu`a
smsu`a dmng`n
dmng`n rmlmrmnsa
rmlmrmnsa
F. Hmnangi`t, smsumsu`a icanas p`sam samn
E. Tad`i nk
nkrh`c, tatad`i sm
smsu`a ususa`
D. Nkr
krh
h`c, d`n smsu`su`a ican
canas p`samn
amn
M. Nkr
krh
h`c, tad
tad`i smsu`
su`a icana
canas
s p`samn
amn

66:. Umkr`ng @TCH hmc`iui`n pmhmrais``n Umruh Arkn p`d` su`tu

c`fkr`tkrauh,
c`fkr`tk rauh, p`d` s``t
s``t hmhmrais` f`j`n ikntrkc
ikntrkc j`ra tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut j`sac 6Ud, d`n
d`n
smj`ra smfmcuhny`
smfmcuhny` j`sac ikntrkc
ikntrkc smfms`r 6 Ud, j`sac
j`sac pmhmrais``n UA p`samn
p`samn 062
½g/dC
½g /dC.. U``t
U``t j`sac
j`sac sud`j
sud`j daemi
daemi imp`
imp`c`
c` c`fkr
c`fkr`tk
`tkrau
rauh,
h, @TCH
@TCH dahan
dahant`
t` untu
untui
i
hmnguc`ng pmhmrais``n.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` n`h` imga`t`n y`ng dac`iui`n
dac`iui`n kcmj imp`c`
imp`c` c`fkr`tkrauh
c`fkr`tkrauh tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut ;
Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Hmc`is`n`i`n
Hmc`is`n`i`n supmrvasa
supmrvasa
F. Hmnac`a `d
`dhanastr`sa
E. Hmnac`a prmsasa
D. Hmnac`a `iur`sa
M. Hmc`iui`n \mralai`sa
 

JMH@TKCKGA

661.
661. Umkr
Umkr`n
`ng
g @TCH
@TCH hmc`
hmc`iu
iui
i`n pmhm
pmhmrarais
is``
``n
n lmra
lmrata
tan
n p`sa
p`samn
mn c`i
c`ia-
a-c`
c`ia
ia =< t`
t`ju
jun
n
dmng`n icanas `nmha`, j`sac 00= ½g/dC. J`sac ikntrkc lmratan p`d` j`ra tmrsmfut
d`c`h
d`c`h s`tu`n Ud smfms`r
smfms`r +6.0,
+6.0, d`n j`sac ikntrkc
ikntrkc d`c`h 4 j`ra smfmcuhny`
smfmcuhny`
`d`c`j? hanus 2.:9 hanus 2.69 hanus 2.09 d`n 6.6 Ud da f`w`j g`ras hm`n.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` y`ng
y`ng j`rus dac`iui`n
dac`iui`n p`d` j`sac
j`sac pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut ;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. J`sac daimcu`ri`n
daimcu`ri`n i`rmn` smsu`a icanas p`samn
p`samn
F. J`s
J`sac tad`
tad`ii daim
daimcu
cu`r
`ri
i`n i`rm
i`rmn`
n` iknt
ikntrk
rkcc 40U
E. J`s
J`sac daim
daimcu
cu`r
`rii`n i`rmn
`rmn`
` j`sa
j`sacc iknt
ikntrk
rkcc 06U
D. J`s
J`sac tad`
tad`ii daim
daimcu
cu`r
`ri
i`n i`rm
i`rmn`
n` iknt
ikntrk
rkcc 66U
M. J`sa
J`sacc ta
tad
d`i daim
daimccu`ri
u`ri`n
`n i`rm
i`rmn`n` eknt
ekntrk rkcc V4U

652.
652. Umkr
Umkr`n
`ng
g p`s
p`sam
amn
n pra
pra`
` 56
56 t`ju
t`jun
n d`t
d`t`n
`ng
g im
im dki
dkitm
tmrr i`r
i`rmn
mn`
` emp
emp`t
`t cmc`
cmc`j.
j. R`d`
R`d`
pmhmrais``n lasai t`hp`i pue`t, secmr` `nmhas, im`d``n uhuh f`ai. Dkitmr 
hmhfmra sur`t untui pmhmrais``n c`fkr`tkrauh EFE, smruh arkn, d`n TAFE. Da
c`fkr`tkrauh
c`fkr`tkrauh tmrsmfut smhu` rm`gmn
rm`gmn untui pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n y`ng dahant` tmrsmda`,
tmrsmda`,
imeu`ca untui pmhmrais``n TAFE j`fas, n`hun `d` rm`gmn untui ]AFE.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` y`ng
y`ng j`rus dac`iui`n
dac`iui`n @TCH p`d`p`d` i`sus
i`sus tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut ;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Hmnkc`i pmhmrais`
pmhmrais``n `n d`n hmny`r`ni
hmny`r`ni`n `n im c`fkr`tkra
c`fkr`tkrauh
uh c`an
F. Hmnu
Hmnund
nd`` pmh
pmhmr mrai
ais`
s``n
`n hmnu
hmnung nggu
gu rm`g
rm`gmn
mn untu
untuii TAF
TAFE
E d`t
d`t`n
`ng
g
E. F`j`
F`j`nn pmhm
pmhmra rais
is``
``nn daia
daiara
rah
h im c`fk
c`fkr`
r`tk
tkra
rauh
uh c`an
c`an
D. TAFE
TAFE daj
dajat
atun
ung g d`r
d`raa j`s
j`sac
ac ]A
]AFE
FE d`n
d`n smr
smruhuh arkn
rkn
M. Hmha
Hmhano
no`h
`h rm`g
rm`gmn
mn TA
TAFE
FE d`ra
d`ra c`fk
c`fkr`
r`tk
tkra
rauh
uh c`an
c`an

650
650. Umkr
mkr`ng @TCH hmc hmc`iu
`iui`n pmhmr
hmrais
ais``n G<RD p`samn
amn c`i
c`ia-c`
a-c`i
ia = j`ra
dmng`n
dmng`n icanas
icanas aitmrus
aitmrus,, j`sac
j`sac = ]/gJf.
]/gJf. J`sac ikntrkc
ikntrkc G<RD p`d` j`ra tmrsmfu
tmrsmfutt
d`c`h
d`c`h s`tu`n Ud smfms`r
smfms`r +6.0,
+6.0, d`n j`sac ikntrkc
ikntrkc d`c`h 4 j`ra smfmcuhny`
smfmcuhny`
`d`c`j? + 2.:9 + 2.69 + 2.09 + 6.6 Ud da `t`s g`ras hm`n.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` y`ng
y`ng j`rus dac`iui`n
dac`iui`n p`d` j`sac
j`sac pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut ;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. J`sac daimcu`ri`n
daimcu`ri`n i`rmn` smsu`a icanas p`samn p`samn
F. J`s
J`sac tad`
tad`i i daim
daimcu
cu`r
`ri
i`n i`rm
i`rmn`
n` iknt
ikntrk
rkcc 40U
E. J`s
J`sac daim
daimcucu`r
`rii`n i`rmn
`rmn`
` j`sa
j`sacc iknt
ikntrk
rkcc 06U
D. J`sa
J`sacc ttad
ad`i
`i daim
daimccu`ri
u`ri`n
`n i`rm
i`rmn`n` iknt
ikntrk rkcc 66U
M. J`s
J`sac tad`
tad`i i daim
daimcu
cu`r
`ri
i`n i`rm
i`rmn`
n` eknt
ekntrk
rkcc V4U

656
656. Umkr
mkr`ng p`s
p`samn
amn c`i
c`ia-c`
a-c`ia
ia,, 65 t`ju
t`jun
n d`t`ng
t`ng im
im c`f
c`fkr`t
r`tkrau
rauh hmh
hmhf`w`
sur`t d`ra dkitmr untui pmhmrais``n G<RD. @TCH y`ng hmnmrah` pmrhant``n
 

JMH@TKCKGA

fang
fangun
ungg `p`
`p` s`s`hp
hpmc
mc y`ng
y`ng dagu
dagun`
n`i`
i`n
n untu
untuii pmhm
pmhmra
rais
is``
``n
n i`rm
i`rmn`
n` d`c`
d`c`h
h
pmrhant``n tad`i dasmfuti`n.
Rmrt`ny``n sk`c?
 @p` f`j`n
f`j`n pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n untui
untui pmhmrais``n
pmhmrais``n tmrsmfut
tmrsmfut ;

Racaj`n O`w`f`n ?
 @. Umruh
F. D`r`j MDT@
E. Rc`sh` satr`t
D. Rc`sh` jmp`ran
M. Rc`sh` MDT@