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Zbigniew Hanzelka
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza, 30-019 Kraków, Al. Mickiewicza 30
tel: (012) 617 28 78, tel/fax: (012) 633 22 84, e-mail: hanzel@uci.agh.edu.pl
Konsultant techniczny Twelve Electric.

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sposobów redukcji negatywnych skutków.

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bierna i pozorna, QC – moc baterii kondensatorów): (a) wskazy mocy odbiornika; (b) wskazy mocy po
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gdzie:
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w skutkach.
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1 I ZW .
f = lub f = fS Hz gdzie f S = 50 Hz
2π ( LS C B ) I CN

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RFKURQ\SU]HSL
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22
3.6.1. Konfiguracja W33AA (kompensator statyczny TSC)
: SU]\SDGNX NRPSHQVDWRUD 76& PL
G]\ID]RZR áF]RQH V EDWHULH NRQGHQVDWRUyZ
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]D SRPRF áF]QLNyZ W\U\VWRURZ\FK SUGX SU]HPLHQQHJR U\V   :DUWRFL susceptancji
NRPSHQVDF\MQ\FK ]PLHQLDM VL
 ZL
F Z VSRVyE G\VNUHWQ\ Z ]DOH*QRFL RG OLF]E\
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PDáZDUWRüPRF\ELHUQHMSRMHG\QF]HJRVWRSQLD

.D*G\ PL
G]\ID]RZ\ REZyG Z ERNX SRMHG\QF]HJR WUyMNWD susceptancji zawiera trzy
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U\VXQNX   RUD] áF]QLN W\U\VWRURZ\ SUGX SU]HPLHQQHJR 7 3U]HELHJ F]DVRZ\ SUGX
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n2
i (t ) = I m cos(ωt + α ) − nBC (U C 0 − U Sm sin α ) sin ω 0t − I m cosα cos ω 0t (2)
n2 − 1
i (t ) = iust . + iosc.

gdzie: α ID]DSRF]WNRZDRNUHORQDFKZLO]DáF]DQLDW\U\VWRUD
1
ω0 = = nω F]
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LC
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n= =  Z]JO
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XL ω
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FLD]DVLODMFHJR ω .
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ü L SUGyZ SR ]DáF]HQLX W\U\VWRUyZ PD ZDUWRü
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I m = U Sm BC 2 (3)
n −1

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warunków (4):

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n2
b) U C 0 = U Sm = ± X C Im (4b)
n2 − 1

23
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ω 
2
X
n = C = 10 ÷ 20 =  0 
2
(5)
XL ω 

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n −1
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UR]áDGRZDQ\W]Q U C 0 = 0 . W bardziej ogólnym przypadku U C 0 PR*HPLHüGRZROQZDUWRü
Z ]DOH*QRFL RG ZDUXQNyZ Z NWyU\FK ]DNRF]\áR VL
 RVWDWQLH SU]HZRG]HQLH W\U\VWRUyZ
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]DOH*\ RG U C 0  Z FKZLOL ]DáF]DQLD" -DN QDOH*\ Z\EUDü FKZLO
 ]DáF]DQLD W\U\VWRUyZ DE\
]PLQLPDOL]RZDü ZDUWRü VNáDGRZHM RVF\ODF\MQHM GOD ]DGDQHJR QDSL
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UC0
a) w chwili gdy u = U C 0 ⇒ sin α = (5a)
Um

du
b) w chwili gdy = 0 ⇒ cosα = 0 (5b)
dt

: SLHUZV]\P SU]\SDGNX D  LVWQLHMH JUR(ED XWUDW\ VWHURZDOQRFL XNáDGX MH*HOL


U C 0 〉U Sm  -H*HOL U C 0 = U Sm  ZyZF]DV QLH]HURZD VNáDGRZD RVF\ODF\MQD SUGX PD WDN VDP
ZDUWRü GOD RE\GZX VWUDWHJLL ]DáF]DQLD W\U\VWRUyZ EH] Z]JO
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VWRWOLZRFL

24
Z]JO
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SHZQZDUWRüVNáDGRZHMRVF\ODF\MQHM
*G\ QDSL
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FLD VLHFL
]DVLODMFHM U Sm  ZyZF]DV SU]\ ]DáF]DQLX W\U\VWRUyZ Z V]F]\FLH QDSL
FLD DPSOLWXGD
VNáDGRZHMRVF\ODF\MQHM I osc. PDZDUWRü

I osc. XL 1
= = (6)
Im XC n

,P ZL
NV]D E
G]LH ZDUWRü UHDNWDQFML X L  W\P ZL
NV]D E
G]LH NURWQRü WHM VNáDGRZHM
Z RGQLHVLHQLX GR ZDUWRFL XVWDORQHM -HGQDN*H ZH ZV]\VWNLFK SU]\SDGNDFK JG\ X L 〈〈 X C
VNáDGRZDRVF\ODF\MQDSUGXQLHSU]HNUDF]DDPSOLWXGSUGXXVWDORQHJR
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FLD
Z]DOH*QRFLRGZ]DMHPQHMUHODFMLQDSL
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FLD
]DVLODMFHJR X L ≈ 0 ).

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FLRZ\
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25
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FLH
]DVLODQLDPDSR]LRPQDSL
FLDNRQGHQVDWRUDSU]HGRVLJQL
FLHPVZHM ZDUWRFL PDNV\PDOQHM
.RQGHQVDWRU MHVW ZyZF]DV ]DáF]DQ\ ] SHZQ\P VWDQHP SU]HMFLRZ\P R FKDUDNWHU]H
RVF\ODF\MQRWáXPLRQ\P SU]\ F]\P VWRSLH WáXPLHQLD ]DOH*Q\ MHVW ]DUyZQR RG GREURFL
GáDZLND L NRQGHQVDWRUD MDN UyZQLH* RG UH]\VWDQFML VLHFL ]DVLODMFHM L UyZQROHJOH
SU]\áF]RQ\FK RGELRUQLNyZ 'UXJL SU]\SDGHN U\VXQHN F  WR ]DáF]HQLH Z FKZLOL JG\
QDSL
FLH RVLJD ZDUWRü PDNV\PDOQ NWyUD MHVW PQLHMV]D RG QDSL
FLRZHJR ZDUXQNX
SRF]WNRZHJR NRQGHQVDWRUD U C 0  ]DáF]DQLH ZHGáXJ VWUDWHJLL E  ,GHDOQH ]DáF]DQLH
SU]HGVWDZLRQRQDU\VXQNXDR]QDF]DVSHáQLHQLHRE\GZXZDUXQNyZ D L E 

4. WNIOSKI

3URFHV áF]HQLD EDWHULL NRQGHQVDWRUyZ WR (UyGáR ZLHOX ]DEXU]H Z VLHFL ]DVLODMFHM
:D*QDMHVWZL
F]QDMRPRüLVWRW\W\FKSURFHVyZ]ZL]DQ\FK]QLPL]DJUR*HRUD]VSRVREyZ
UHGXNFMLQHJDW\ZQ\FKLFKVNXWNyZ:SU]\SDGNXLQVWDODFMLNRQGHQVDWRUyZZD*QHMHVWDE\
1. Z\NRU]\VWDü LVWQLHMFH PR*OLZRFL UHGXNFML QHJDW\ZQ\FK HIHNWyZ SURFHVX áF]HQLD
EDWHULL V]F]HJyOQLH Z SU]\SDGNX RGELRUFyZ SU]HP\VáRZ\FK SRVLDGDMF\FK GX* OLF]E

UHJXORZDQ\FKQDS
GyZOXELQQHJRVSU]
WXHQHUJRHOHNWURQLF]QHJR
2. HQHUJHW\ND ]DZRGRZD SRVLDGDáD LQIRUPDFMH RUD] LQIRUPRZDáD VZRLFK JáyZQ\FK
SU]HP\VáRZ\FK RGELRUFyZ RGQRQLH ORNDOL]DFML L SURFHGXU\ áF]HQLD F]DVX VSRVREX
áF]HQLDLWS GX*\FKEDWHULLNRQGHQVDWRUyZ
3. QLH ]DSRPLQDü *H LQVWDORZDQLH ZHMFLRZ\FK GáDZLNyZ GOD XU]G]H
HQHUJRHOHNWURQLF]Q\FK V]F]HJyOQLH UHJXORZDQ\FK QDS
GyZ SRGZ\*V]D LFK RGSRUQRü
QDSU]HELHJLáF]HQLRZHEDWHULLNRQGHQVDWRUyZ UyZQLH*]PQLHMV]DRGNV]WDáFHQLHSUGX
ZHMFLRZHJR 
4. EDWHULH NRQGHQVDWRUyZ V]F]HJyOQLH Z VVLHG]WZLH RGELRUQLNyZ QLHOLQLRZ\FK
Z\SRVD*\üZGáDZLNLRGVWUDMDMFHOXELQVWDORZDüMDNRILOWU\KDUPRQLF]Q\FK

26
LITERATURA:

1. Dugan R.C., McGranaghan M.F. Wayne B.H.: Electrical power systems quality. McGraw-Hill, 1996
2. Grebe T.E.: CIGRE 36.05/CIGRE CC02/9925: Capacitor switching and its impact on power quality
3. Grebe T.E.: Application of distribution system capacitor banks and their impact on power quality. IEEE
Trans. IA, 3, 32, 1996
4. Hanzelka Z., Piekarz A.: =DáF]DQLH EDWHULL NRQGHQVDWRUyZ Z VLHFLDFK QLVNLHJR L UHGQLHJR QDSL
FLD
Seminarium JUEE, AGH-Kraków, 2000.
5. Handbook of power signatures. Dranetz BMI 1997
6. McCoy C.H., Floryancic B.L.: Characteristics and measurement of capacitor switching at medium voltage
distribution level. IEEE Trans. on Ind. Appl. 6, 30, 1994
7. Miller D.F.: Application guide for shunt capacitors on industrial distribution systems at medium voltage
levels. IEEE PCIM-75-26
8. Nandi S., Biswas P., Nandakumar V.N., Hegde R.K.: Two novel schemes suitable for static switching
of three-phase delta-connected capacitor banks with minimum surge current. IEEE Trans. on Ind. Appl., 5,
33, 1997
9. Olivier G., Mougharbel I., Dobson-Mack G.: Minimal transient switching of capacitors. IEEE Trans. on
Power Delivery, 4, 8, 1993
10. Raport EPRI: Analyzing and solving power quality problems.
11. Sapiejewski M.: 7HFKQLF]QH DVSHNW\ VWRVRZDQLD SU]HPLHQQLNyZ F]
VWRWOLZRFL L XNáDGyZ áDJRGQHJR
rozruchu silników. Seminarium Naukowo-Techniczne pt. Zastosowanie nowoczesnej aparatury Groupe
6FKQHLGHUZXU]G]HQLDFKLLQVWDODFMDFKHOHNWURHQHUJHW\F]Q\FKQLVNLHJRQDSL
FLD3ROLWHFKQLND%LDáRVWRFND
%LDá\VWRN
12. Shunt capacitor bank switching stresses and test methods. 1st part – Electra, 182, Feb. 1999; 2nd part –
Electra, 183, April, 1999
13. Söderström R.: Synchronized switching of MV-circiut breaker for MV-capacitor banks. PDWHULDá\
otrzymane od autora).
14. Stanek M., Carvalho A.C., Rahmani M., Alatalo P., Sawada J.H., Peelo D.F., Bergman W.J., Bowden G.T.:
Experiences with improving power quality by controlled switching. CIGRE Session-2000, 13/14/36-01

27

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